Publications

Giurco, D 2009, Copper Cycles: Modelling Material Flows, Technologies and Environmental Impacts, 1, VDM Verlag Dr. Muller, Saarbrucken, Germany.
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The environmental impacts of resource use in society are being increasingly scrutinised, particularly in response to the challenge of climate change. We need to better understand the impacts of producing and recycling metals through the global economy. Traditional approaches, namely, those seeking increased efficiency largely within processing technologies, must be broadened to consider the entire production and consumption cycle. With copper as its focus, this book develops a multi-scale framework for characterising material flows through the production and consumption cycle. Models of material flows and of existing and new copper processing technologies are linked to inform environmental performance, based on a Life Cycle Impact Assessment approach. The analysis shows how an increased recycling of copper reduces environmental impacts far more dramatically than introducing new technology for processing terrestrial ores, which themselves are declining in quality. This data-rich work will be of interest to academics, minerals industry professionals and policy makers with an interest in developing strategies to deliver resource governance for sustainability.

Giurco, D, Carrard, NR & Inman, M 2009, Water end-use measurement: a guide to study design, sampling and smart metering technology, 1, VDM Verlag Dr Muller, Germany.
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Water management in cities is a critical issue for the health and sustainability of urban communities. Collecting accurate data is crucial for delivering effective, integrated approaches to urban water planning. With a focus on residential (rather than commercial or industrial) water use, this guide helps water planners to design and implement effective end-use measurement studies. An improved understanding of where and when water is used in homes, assists with long term planning within water utilities and with the evaluation of water saving programs. The guide is structured to lead the reader through the development of study design and objectives; data requirements and technology selection ? including smart meters; and sample size selection within cost and resource constraints. Included with the guide are a selection of case studies, an extensive list of technology providers and a review of existing water end-use studies. This practical guide will interest water industry planners and policy makers as well as research providers and technology specialists. Financial support for the development of this guide from the Smart Water Fund is gratefully acknowledged.

MacLurcan Donald C. 2009, 'Nanotechnology and the Global South: Exploratory Views on Characteristics, Perceptions and Paradigms' in Arnaldi, S, Lorenzet, A & Russo, F (eds), Technoscience in Progress. Managing the Uncertainty of Nanotechnology, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 97-112.
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In the Global North, confusion, hype and disagreement plague nanotechnology debates. In the meantime, the debate about the Global South's engagement with nanotechnology has forged ahead, assuming common understandings about what nanotechnology is and what it is not, as well as the general irrelevance of definitional debates. This despite evidence that nanotechnology is being presented in a conflicting manner in the literature, through mixed terminology and imagery, and that little has been documented about Southern understandings. Given the importance of understandings in the genetically-modified foods debate, the way nanotechnology is understood holds serious repercussions for the framing of its ethical, legal and social implications. This chapter reports on the perspectives of Thai and Australian key informants, from a broad range of fields. It seeks to explore and clarify how nanotechnology might be defined, perceived and framed in terms of the South. The results suggest that nanotechnology may be conceptualized in similar ways, focussing on near-term nanotechnology that is defined by a common set of characteristics. Yet, when it comes to the way these conceptualisations translate into applications, there may be large differences in nanotechnology's perceived scope, sophistication and complexity. This holds interesting ramifications for global nanotechnology discourse, particularly in terms of the assumed costs and infrastructure required to conduct nanotechnology research and development and the more general role the South will play in the global nanotechnology picture.

Mitchell, C 2009, 'Second intermezzo A transdisciplinary perspective on industrial ecology research' in The Social Embeddedness of Industrial Ecology, pp. 152-161.

Mukheibir, P & Ziervogel, G 2009, 'Adapting Cities to Climate Change' in Dodman, D, Bicknell, J & Satterthwaite, D (eds), Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Understanding and Addressing the Development Challenges, Routledge, London, UK, pp. 271-285.
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Mukheibir, P & Ziervogel, G 2009, 'Municipal adaptation planning: A city-based framework for climate change adaptation' in Tang, K (ed), Green CITYnomics, Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield, UK, pp. 77-93.
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Scientific evidence confirms that climate change is already taking place and that most of the warming observed during the past 50 years is due to human activities OPCC 2007). Climate change projections suggest increased variability in rainfall, more frequent extreme events and increased temperatures. This will occur even if global emissions were to be reduced in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol. In recent years, reducing vulnerability to climate change has become an urgent issue in low- and middle-income countries and is at the forefront of any sustainable development policy agenda. Adaptation to climate change is a process whereby individuals and communities seek to respond to 'actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects' OPCC 2007). This process is not new and, throughout history, people have adapted to changing climate conditions.

Palmer, JM, Smith, T, Willetts, JR & Mitchell, CA 2009, 'Creativity, ethics and transformation: key factors in a transdisciplinary application of systems methodology to resolving wicked problems in sustainability' in Sheffield, J (ed), Systemic Development: Local solutions in a global environment, ISCE Publishing, USA, pp. 69-77.
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Sustainability is a wicked problem that requires a transdisciplinary approach. The deining characteristics of transdisciplinarity include collaborative, creative, higher order thinking which transcends discipline boundaries, the explicit contribution of an ethical or moral perspective to problem resolution, and the generation of new knowledge and new resolutions not available in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary environments. These characteristics align well with theories on transformative learning and Wilbers theories on consciousness evolution. However we need ways to translate this thinking into practice. Soft systems methodology could provide this practical element, but does not necessarily emphasise transformative learning, or moral perspectives aligned with sustainability i.e. valuing of ecologically restorative, socially just, economically proitable resolutions. This paper explores how integration of a transformative learning process with soft systems methodology might provide a useful transdisciplinary approach to sustainability.

Willetts, JR, Carrard, NR & Herriman, J 2009, 'Transdisciplinarity: realising its potential to support effective postgraduate sustainability teaching and learning' in Leal Filho, W (ed), Sustainability at Universities - Opportunities, Challenges and Trends, Peter Lang, Germany, pp. 299-312.
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This chapter provides a review of transdisciplinary teaching and learning approaches in postgraduate university sustainability courses. The authors present desirable graduate attributes associated with sustainability teaching and learning including problem identification and solving, appreciation of multiple perspectives, skills to manage change processes and capacity for critical reflection. Drawn from a review of literature and practice, the authors propose transdisciplinary approaches such as systemic inquiry, futures thinking and problem-based learning as effective for achieving desirable graduate attributes. In these approaches, the role of the teacher typically shifts to that of facilitator, reflecting an emphasis on self-directed learning and engagement with 'real world' complex problems and often resulting in transformative learning experiences. Transdisciplinary teaching and learning approaches remain the exception rather than the norm in the higher education sector, however are increasing in their prevalence in both Australia and elsewhere, presenting a welcome development to address sustainability challenges.

Boydell, S, Sheehan, J & Prior, J 2009, 'Commentary: Carbon Property Rights in Context', Environmental Practice, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 105-114.
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This commentary offers a background to the carbon challenge, carbon offsets, and emissions trading from an Australian perspective. It sets the scene for a more detailed discussion about carbon sequestration rights, which are defined explicitly by some Australian states and territories but not by others. We highlight that the term carbon sequestration right is poorly defined and relies, inappropriately we suggest, on the borrowed term profit à prendre. This terminology is at odds with the notion of a carbon property right, which has yet to be conceptualized fully by the marketplace and the existing legal framework, given the need to fully engage the sociological and ecological dimensions of carbon and climate change. We find that current policy intent, together with evolving public will and corporate responsibility, is ahead of the science and the legal framework for managing property rights in carbon (used broadly to represent the six greenhouse gasses). The Australian Property Institute has taken the lead in its 2007 policy paper Conceiving Property Rights in Carbon and more recently in Sheehan and Kanas's investigation of "Property Rights in Soil." This article takes the discussion to the next stage by offering a framework for property rights in carbon and asking whether such rights should be vested in the state or the nation, rather than merely creating a commodity that can be efficiently allocated and thus speculated upon. © 2009 National Association of Environmental Professionals.

Carrard, N, Pedi, D, Willetts, J & Powell, B 2009, 'Non-government organisation engagement in the sanitation sector: opportunities to maximise benefits', Water Science and Technology, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 3109-3119.
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Non-government organisations (NGOs) have long played a role in delivering sanitation services to communities in Southeast Asia and Pacific countries, particularly in rural areas. In contrast with large scale infrastructure focused initiatives, NGO programs commonly focus on building linkages between technical and social realms. Drawing on the breadth and depth of NGO experiences, there are opportunities for NGOs to play a greater role in the sanitation sector and to work in partnership with other actors including utilities and government agencies to ensure both ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ components of sanitation are built in to project design and delivery to maximise community benefits and ensure longer term system sustainability. This paper discusses these issues and considers how the contribution of NGOs to the sanitation sector in developing countries might be enhanced. The paper is based on recent research for the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) intended to guide investment in the water and sanitation sectors of Asia and Pacific partner countries, exploring the potential for increased NGO engagement. The paper presents findings of the research concerning NGO roles and approaches, discusses existing NGO activities in the sanitation sector in Vietnam and Timor Leste and identifies strategies for NGOs and for other sector actors including utilities and government agencies to maximise the benefits of NGO engagement in the sanitation sector.

Cooper, R & Briggs, C 2009, '`Trojan Horse' or `Vehicle for Organizing'? Non-Union Collective Agreement Making and Trade Unions in Australia', Economic and Industrial Democracy, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 93-119.
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Unions have historically had a central place in industrial relations in Australia. However, they have been sidelined in recent years by, among other things, the development of non-union forms of agreement making. In the context of declining union density and power, this article examines the dynamics and outcomes of collective non-union agreement making in Australia between 1996 and 2005. In particular, it questions the extent to which these agreements have been used as a vehicle for deunionization or whether, on the other hand, they have offered unions opportunities to organize in non-union worksites. The study finds that the direct effect upon Australian unions, as measured by non-union agreement coverage 1996—2005, was limited. Nevertheless, there is evidence of employers using agreements to undermine union activity. They have been used as instruments to stymie organizing drives and to pre-empt or to undo union collective bargaining. On the other hand, unions have been presented with some opportunities to leverage organizing activities by the structured, collective processes of the non-union agreement-making stream. The study concludes that the uses and effects of non-agreement making were contingent upon a number of variables including: the relative power of unions and employers in a given worksite; the relationship between unions and their members over time; the bargaining history of the parties; and the intentions and choices of employers seeking to make agreements.

Cooper, R, Ellem, B, Briggs, C & van den Broek, D 2009, 'Anti-unionism, Employer Strategy, and the Australian State, 1996–2005', Labor Studies Journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 339-362.
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One of the outstanding features of contemporary Australian industrial relations has been the dramatic growth in employer de-collectivization strategies. Four dimensions of employer strategies, sometimes interlinked and overlapping, are identified and analyzed in this article—employer lockouts, individualization of bargaining, counters to organizing campaigns, and the use of human resource initiatives in areas such as recruitment and selection. While some tactics have emerged organically through new management practices, the reconfiguration of employer strategies has been primarily state-led; legislative and non-legislative interventions have created opportunities, incentives and pressures for firms to adopt anti-union strategies.

Cordell, D, Drangert, J-O & White, S 2009, 'The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought', GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 292-305.
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Food production requires application of fertilizers containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium on agricultural fields in order to sustain crop yields. However modern agriculture is dependent on phosphorus derived from phosphate rock, which is a non-renewable resource and current global reserves may be depleted in 50-100 years. While phosphorus demand is projected to increase, the expected global peak in phosphorus production is predicted to occur around 2030. The exact timing of peak phosphorus production might be disputed, however it is widely acknowledged within the fertilizer industry that the quality of remaining phosphate rock is decreasing and production costs are increasing. Yet future access to phosphorus receives little or no international attention. This paper puts forward the case for including long-term phosphorus scarcity on the priority agenda for global food security. Opportunities for recovering phosphorus and reducing demand are also addressed together with institutional challenges. © 2009.

Fam, D, Lopes, A, Willetts, J & Mitchell, C 2009, 'The Challenge of System Change: An Historical Analysis of Sydney's Sewer Systems', Design Philosophy Papers, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 195-208.
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Fane, S & Patterson, J 2009, 'Urban water planning in the face of climate change', Water, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 84-89.
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Climate change is already influencing decisions in the urban water sector. However, the risks that climate change pose to the sector and how best to manage these risks remain topics of much discussion.

Florin, NH & Harris, AT 2009, 'Reactivity of CaO derived from nano-sized CaCO3 particles through multiple CO2 capture-and-release cycles', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 187-191.
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The carbonation characteristics of pure CaO derived from nano-sized CaCO3 were investigated as part of a multi-cycle performance study which showed potential for exploiting the properties of nano-sized CaO sorbents in a continuous CO2 capture-and-release process. To help understand the approach to the decay asymptote, which is established through multiple capture-and-release cycles, a qualitative model was proposed. The rate of approach and residual conversion defined by the decay asymptote represents the establishment of an equilibrium between the pore volume and surface area loss during thermal sintering; and the pore volume and surface area regeneration as a consequence of a solid-state diffusion mechanism, and the subsequent release of CO2 in the next calcination cycle. This qualitative explanation is valid for all CaO derived CO2 sorbents. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Florin, NH, Maddocks, AR, Wood, S & Harris, AT 2009, 'High-temperature thermal destruction of poultry derived wastes for energy recovery in Australia', WASTE MANAGEMENT, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1399-1408.
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The high-temperature thermal destruction of poultry derived wastes (e.g., manure and bedding) for energy recovery is viable in Australia when considering resource availability and equivalent commercial-scale experience in the UK. In this work, we identified and examined the opportunities and risks associated with common thermal destruction techniques, including: volume of waste, costs, technological risks and environmental impacts. Typical poultry waste streams were characterised based on compositional analysis, thermodynamic equilibrium modelling and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS). Poultry waste is highly variable but otherwise comparable with other biomass fuels. The major technical and operating challenges are associated with this variability in terms of: moisture content, presence of inorganic species and type of litter. This variability is subject to a range of parameters including: type and age of bird, and geographical and seasonal inconsistencies. There are environmental and health considerations associated with combustion and gasification due to the formation of: NOX, SOX, H2S and HCl gas. Mitigation of these emissions is achievable through correct plant design and operation, however, with significant economic penalty. Based on our analysis and literature data, we present cost estimates for generic poultry-waste-fired power plants with throughputs of 2 and 8 tonnes/h. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Krewitt, W, Teske, S, Simon, S, Pregger, T, Graus, W, Blomen, E, Schmid, S & Schäfer, O 2009, 'Energy [R]evolution 2008—a sustainable world energy perspective', Energy Policy, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 5764-5775.
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Maclurcan, DC 2009, 'Southern Roles in Global Nanotechnology Innovation: Perspectives from Thailand and Australia', NanoEthics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 137-156.
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The term `nano-divide has become a catch-phrase for describing various kinds of global nanotechnology inequities. However, there has been little in-depth exploration as to what the global nano-divide really means, and limited commentary on its early nature. Furthermore, the literature often presents countries from the Global South as `passive agents in global nanotechnology innovationwithout the ability to develop endogenous nanotechnology capabilities. Yet others point to nanotechnology providing opportunities for the South to play new roles in the global research and development process. In this paper I report on the findings of a qualitative study that involved the perspectives of 31 Thai and Australian key informants, from a broad range of fields. The study was supplemented by a survey of approximately 10% of the Thai nanotechnology research community at the time. I first explore how the global nano-divide is understood and the implication of the divides constructs in terms of the roles to be played by various countries in global nanotechnology innovation. I then explore the potential nature of Southern passivity and barriers and challenges facing Southern endogenous innovation, as well as an in-depth consideration of the proposition that Southern countries could be `active agents in the nanotechnology process. I argue that it is the nano-divide relating to nanotechnology research and development capabilities that is considered fundamental to nanotechnologys Southern outcomes. The research suggests that Southern countries will encounter many of the traditional barriers to engaging with emerging technology as well as some new barriers relating to the nature of nanotechnology itself. Finally, the research suggests that nanotechnology may offer new opportunities for Southern countries to enter the global research and development picture.

McLellan, BC, Corder, GD, Giurco, D & Green, S 2009, 'Incorporating sustainable development in the design of mineral processing operations - Review and analysis of current approaches', JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 1414-1425.
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This paper reviews the tools and methodologies used for incorporating sustainability considerations into the design of mineral processing operations. It was found that while there is a range of tools and methodologies that contribute to Design for Sustainability, there is no consistent, integrated approach to support the mineral industry in incorporating a greater level of sustainability into the design process. This paper identifies the required elements in such an approach and discusses the ways in which its development would progress the industry towards sustainability. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mohr, SH & Evans, GM 2009, 'An Empirical Method to Make Oil Production Models Tolerant to Anomalies', Natural Resources Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-5.
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Modeling oil production is of interest to society and hotly debated. Often anomalies have occurred which makes modeling oil production via a particular theory (e.g., Hubbert's bell curve) difficult. The empirical method described here allows for such historic anomalies to be incorporated while still using the underly theory. This method is explained using Hubbert's bell curve and Former Soviet Union oil production as an example. © 2008 International Association for Mathematical Geology.

Mohr, SH & Evans, GM 2009, 'Forecasting coal production until 2100', Fuel, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 2059-2067.
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A model capable of projecting mineral resources production has been developed. The model includes supply and demand interactions, and has been applied to all coal producing countries. A model of worldwide coal production has been developed for three scenarios. The ultimately recoverable resources (URR) estimates used in the scenarios ranged from 700 Gt to 1243 Gt. The model indicates that worldwide coal production will peak between 2010 and 2048 on a mass basis and between 2011 and 2047 on an energy basis. The Best Guess scenario, assumed a URR of 1144 Gt and peaks in 2034 on a mass basis, and in 2026 on an energy basis. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prior, J 2009, 'Experiences beyond the threshold: Sydney's gay bathhouses', Australian Cultural History, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 61-77.
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The gay bathhouse played a central role in the battle for gay liberation in Sydney during the latter part of the twentieth century. Utilising fifty in-depth interviews, as well as extensive archival research, this article provides an insight into how the evolving public domain of Sydney's gay bathhouses fostered the experiences of gay men and contributed to the development of a vibrant, validated homosexual culture within the city. The dynamic nature of these spaces allowed gay men an unprecedented opportunity to develop, experience and express, individual and collective sexual identities and practices.

Prior, J & Cusack, CM 2009, 'Spiritual Dimensions of Self-Transformation in Sydney's Gay Bathhouses', Journal of Homosexuality, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 71-97.
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Interview-based research among patrons and proprietors of Sydney's gay bathhouses, asking about experiences of homosexual being from the 1960s to the early 1980s generated intriguing findings. Despite the apparent disconnect between traditional religious affiliation and the outlaw gay lifestyle of the bathhouses, a majority of interviewees asserted that spirituality and self-transformation was as important to them as sexual exploration and liberation from societal restraints (both as motivations for and outcomes of the bathhouse experience). Some of those interviewed adhered to mainstream religion (including Christianity and Judaism), but a significant number expressed a commitment to eclectic, personalized spiritual paths. Interestingly, both groups described the bathhouses as 'churches' and 'temples,' the activities that took place there as both collective and individual 'rituals,' and attributed their spiritual growth and development to their experiences in the bathhouses. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Retamal, M, Turner, A & White, S 2009, 'Energy implications of household rainwater systems', Water, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 70-75.
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The energy intensities of a range of household rainwater systems were monitored in Sydney and Newcastle as part of a study carried out by the Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF) in collaboration with the Australian Commonwealth Scientific Investigation and Research Organisation (CSIRO). The study found that the energy intensity of these rainwater systems varied depending on system configuration, rainwater end uses and the water efficiency of the household. Preliminary results indicate that the energy intensity varies between 0.9 and 4.9 kWh/kL with a 'typical' household rainwater system using approximately 1.5 kWh to deliver each kilolitre of rainwater.

Riedy, C 2009, 'The influence of futures work on public policy and sustainability', Foresight, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 40-56.
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PurposeThis paper aims to draw on a global scan of futures literature undertaken for the State of Play in the Futures Field (SOPIFF) project to investigate the contribution of futures work to averting looming sustainability challenges and suggest new strategies for influencing policy and practice.Design/methodology/approachThe SOPIFF project used an integral meta‐scanning framework to review publicly available futures material, providing a rich source of material to use in assessing the influence achieved by futures work. The framework categorizes futures work according to organizational type, social interests, methods, domains and geographic location.FindingsOn the whole, the influence achieved by futures work is disappointing given that many futurists are strongly committed to bringing about more desirable futures. Some qualified success stories include science and technology foresight, getting sustainability challenges onto the social agenda and small‐scale, distributed initiatives.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the scanning process include heavy reliance on publicly available material, prioritization of breadth over depth of analysis and the physical and cultural location of the researchers. Future iterations of the research should go beyond public material, undertake deeper analysis of scanning hits and draw in more non‐western and non‐English work.Practical implications

Slaughter, R & Riedy, C 2009, 'Understanding and resolving the global problematique: assessing the balance between progressive and socially conservative foresight', Foresight, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 21-39.
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PurposeThis paper draws on research undertaken for the State of Play in the Futures Field (SoPiFF) project and aims to explore the contribution of futures work to understanding and resolving aspects of the global problematique and to examine the social interests evident in futures work.Design/methodology/approachThe project used an integral meta‐scanning framework to review publicly available futures material. The framework categorizes futures work according to organizational type, social interests, methods, domains and geographic location (details of the methodology are outlined in the accompanying introductory paper as well as on the web site created for the project).FindingsThe futures field has made a series of significant contributions to understanding the global problematique and has contributed to the pre‐conditions for its resolution. However, the bulk of mainstream futures work does little to improve the preparedness of humanity for looming future crises. More innovative futures work remains marginalized and largely ignored by the powerful and the wider public. There is a strong case for more effective political engagement than has occurred hitherto.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed on shared definitions for the field, interactions with the media, public and other fields of enquiry and action, measurement of individual foresight capacity, strategies for achieving influence – particularly in the political sphere, the role of subcultures within the futures field and suitable ...

Willetts, J, Wicken, J & Swinton, EA 2009, 'The sanitation and water conference 2008, SE Asia and Pacific', Water, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 112-117.

Willetts, JR 2009, 'New fact sheets provide practical guidance on how to become a successful responsible management entity', Onsite Journal, vol. Fall 2009, pp. 8-8.

Yang, Z, Zhao, M, Florin, NH & Harris, AT 2009, 'Synthesis and Characterization of CaO Nanopods for High Temperature CO2 Capture', INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, vol. 48, no. 24, pp. 10765-10770.
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A hollow structured CaO sorbent with high CO2 absorption capacity and good cyclic performance at high temperatures was derived from the corresponding CaCO3 precursor, which was prepared by bubbling gaseous CO2 through a Ca(OH) 2 slurry in the presence of the triblock copolymer surfactant, P123 (PEO20PPO70PEO 20).Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the novel sorbent to be comprised of nanosized platelets forming hollow particles resembling a pod of approximately 200 nm in diameter and up to 600 nm in length. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the tailored sorbent had the highest CO2 absorption capacity when compared with calcines derived fromprecipitated CaCO3 without P123 and a commercially available CaCO3, retaining >50% CO2 absorption capacity after 50 CO2 capture-and-release cycles for carbonation temperatures from 600 to 700 °C. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

Zhao, M, Florin, NH & Harris, AT 2009, 'The influence of supported Ni catalysts on the product gas distribution and H-2 yield during cellulose pyrolysis', APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL, vol. 92, no. 1-2, pp. 185-193.
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Two groups of Ni catalysts, supported on γ-Al2O3 and MCM-41, respectively, were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and tested for their influence on the pyrolytic decomposition of cellulose. A thermogravimetric analyser coupled with a mass spectrometer (TG-MS) was used to examine the influence of catalyst loading, support material, and the presence of additional water vapour on H2 selectivity. Normalization of the raw MS data enabled semi-quantitative analysis of the product gas distribution, which facilitated reliable comparison between different experimental conditions. Catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM/EDX and TEM. MCM-41 supported Ni significantly elevated the yield of H2 and total gaseous product, both under Ar and with the injection of additional water vapour when compared with the γ-Al2O3 support. 15 wt.%Ni/γ-Al2O3 and 5 wt.%Ni/MCM-41 were identified as the most active catalysts from the two groups with regards to H2 selectivity and yield. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Abeysuriya, K & Mitchell, CA 1970, 'The end of water sector privatisation in an age of cooperation?', Conference Report: International Conference on Water Resources Policy in South Asia, SaciWATERs International Conference on Water Resources Policy in South Asia, SaciWATERs (South Asia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies), Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 1-58.

Atherton, AM & Giurco, D 1970, 'UTS Environmental Sustainability Initiative: case study', 2009 Tertiary Education Management Conference, Tertiary Education Management Conference, Tertiary Education Facilities Management Association (TEFMA), Darwin, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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Implementing environmental sustainability programs across university campuses presents both opportunities and challenges. The University of Technology Sydney (UTS) launched a coordinated approach to sustainability in 2008. This paper presents a case study of UTSs Environmental Sustainability Initiative (ESI). It begins by outlining the aims and governance structures for the initiative which consists of a Sustainability Steering Committee; Committee of Working Group Heads and then working groups across six focus areas of energy, transport, procurement, water, waste, planning and design, and also reporting and communications. The paper then describes the development and consultation processes, and final outcomes, for three strategy documents in the areas of climate change (energy), transport and paper use (procurement). We discuss the role that such working groups, together with other support structures, can play in creating a more sustainable university, and offer practical guidance for other universities and organisations undergoing organisational change for sustainability. We also discuss some of the challenges that emerged such as: how to engage with staff and students to develop shared aspirations and reflect these in tangible objectives, targets and actions; and how to evolve organisational structures to implement strategies and create a sustainable higher education institution.

Boydell, S, Crofts, P, Prior, JH, Jakubowicz, AH & Searle, GH 1970, 'Sex in the city: regulations, rights and responsibilities in Sydney', State of Australian Cities (SOAC) Conference, State of Australian Cities Conference, Promaco Conventions Pty Ltd and DiskBank, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-24.
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The state regulates sex industry types in accordance with a range of complex, overlapping and often conflicting legal, policing, planning and administrative mechanisms. The sex industry in Sydney is currently regulated through all levels of Australian government. New South Wales (NSW) is seen as leading the charge within Australia for its neoliberal market model of occupational and premises regulation. Taking a transdisciplinary research design, this paper identifies positive steps towards citizenship and the sex industry in inner Sydney.

Boydell, S, Giurco, D, Rickwood, P, Glazebrook, GJ, Zeibots, ME, White, S & Thomas, LE 1970, 'Using integrated urban models to respond to climate change in cities', Fifth Urban Research Symposium on Cities and Climate Change Website: Responding to an Urgent Agenda, Urban Research Symposium on Cities and Climate Change: Responding to an Urgent Agenda, Urban Research Symposium, World Bank, Marseille, France, pp. 1-33.
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This paper presents a single, integrated urban model that focuses on the key areas of transport, domestic energy-use, and domestic water use and how these relate to urban planning and other policies. The model structure is spatial ï½ requiring a sub-division of the urban region into disjoint sub-regions. Such a sub-division is necessary, not only because spatial information is essential to any transport model, but also because climatic and demographic factors are common to all resource models, and are spatially heterogeneous. The model is intended for use by local, regional, and state authorities, government departments, energy, and utility service companies as a modelling and decision support tool for analysing the impact on cities of a range of energy, water, transport, and land use related policies. In particular, it seeks to understand the impact - reductions possible at household and city scales. Growing awareness of the threats from climate change has focused attention on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the need to reduce them. Using a sample analysis of Sydney, our on-going research collaboration seeks to examine the working relationships between multiple infrastructure sectors through a single analysis platform. The need to integrate policy for multiple infrastructures is critical given the multiple fronts on which the sustainability of urban systems are now jeopardised.

Boydell, S, Sheehan, JB, Prior, JH & Hendy, S 1970, 'Carbon property rights, cities and climate change', Fifth Urban Research Symposium: Papers and Presentations Website, Urban Research Symposium, Urban Research Symposium, World Bank, Marseille, France, pp. 1-16.
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In a time of climate change, cities are challenged by the twin demands of reduced carbon emissions and the provision of a potable water supply. Meanwhile our governance and legal frameworks are inadequately prepared for the emergent trade in carbon property rights and water property rights. Such instances are compounded when legal frameworks from developed economies are applied to developing nations, particularly those with a reliance on customary structures. The key contribution to the body of literature is our highlighting of inappropriate reliance on legal precedent to explain emergent rights (which sees them wrongly described in a climate changed world) and the evolution of a coherent model of the constellation of carbon property relations and interests.

Chong, J 1970, 'The role of restrictions in urban water management: reflections from the Australian drought', 2nd International Conference on Water Economics, Statistics, and Finance, International Conference on Water Economics, Statistics, and Finance, International Water Association (IWA), Alexandroupolis, Greece, pp. 1-10.
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In many Australian cities, restrictions on water use have recently been in place for prolonged periods. This paper examines the role of residential restrictions in efficient urban water management. Gaps in empirical evidence on the costs of restrictions limit the achievement of efficient outcomes. A case study demonstrates the uncertainty of estimating the costs of restrictions using benefit transfer and consumer surplus methods. Scarcity-based pricing has potential as an alternative to restrictions, but more information would be required to assess equity and distributional concerns. The paper concludes that more empirical evidence about the impacts of restrictions is required to inform urban water management, and there is a need for extending the methods for eliciting preferences about and attitudes towards restrictions.

Chong, J & Partridge, EY 1970, 'Watering sportsgrounds during restrictions: perspectives from Melbourne Metropolitan Councils', Ozwater '09: From Challenges to Solutions, Ozwater: From Challenges to Solutions, Australlian Water Association (AWA), Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Restrictions on outdoor water use have been a key element of the response to drought in metropolitan Melbourne. When stage 3A restrictions were introduced in April 2007, managers of grassed sportsgrounds mainly local councils were limited to watering 1 in 4 sites, and were required to make a 25% saving in water used outdoors. In late 2007, an allocation scheme was introduced as an alternative option available to councils for watering sportsgrounds. This research aims to inform the development of future drought response mechanisms, by providing insight into recent perspectives from Melbournes metropolitan local councils on watering sportsgrounds during drought. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, this research explored the underlying drivers, barriers, constraints and opportunities for efficient water management for grassed sportsgrounds.

Chong, J, Fyfe, J & Fane, SA 1970, 'Estimating the sustainability benefits of water efficiency labeling and minimum standards', Proceedings of the 5th IWA Specialist Conference 'Efficient 2009', 'Efficient 2009': 5th IWA Specialist Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Urban Water, International Water Association (IWA) and Australia Water Association (AWA), Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-11.

Cooper, C & Giurco, D 1970, 'The mineral resources landscape - an expanded conceptualisation of minerals sustainability', Proceedings of Sustainable Development Indicators in the Minerals Industry 2009 Conference (CD-ROM), Proceedings of Sustainable Development Indicators in the Minerals Industry, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 115-122.
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As part of global systems of mineral production and consumption, the Australian minerals sector is facing sustainability challenges across technological, social, ecological, economic and governance domains, as well as between local, national and global scales. To ensure that the Australian minerals sector progresses towards sustainability, it is imperative to understand the possible ways in which Australias mineral resources could support sustainable futures. A significant research gap exists between the complex nature of questions concerning minerals sustainability and the reductionist methods available to deal with them. This paper argues the need for broader, more integrated approaches to questions concerning minerals sustainability, which can address multiple human perspectives, complex and `messy patterns and processes across multiple organisational, temporal and geographical scales and whole systems of mineral production and consumption.

Cordell, DJ 1970, 'The story of phosphorus: Sustainability implications of phosphate scarcity on global food security', Avlopp and Kretslopp Conference, Avlopp and Kretslopp Conference, Avlopp and Kretslopp, Linköping, Sweden.

Cordell, DJ & Kohler, A 1970, 'Proceedings from the 'Scarce elements supply and demand: Critical issues and implications for sustainable governance' Workshop', Proceedings from the 'Scarce elements supply and demand: Critical issues and implications for sustainable governance' Workshop, R'09 Twin World Congress: Resource Management and Technology for Material and Energy Efficiency, Institute for Sustainable Futures, Davos, Switzerland and Nagoya, Japan.

Cordell, DJ, Neset, TS, White, S & Drangert, J 1970, 'Preferred future phosphorus scenarios: a framework for meeting long-term phosphorus needs for global food demand', International Conference on Nutrient Recovery from Wastewater Streams, International Conference on Nutrient Recovery from Wastewater Streams, IWA Publishing, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 23-43.
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This paper puts phosphorus recovery in a global sustainability context, with particular reference to future phosphate rock scarcity and global food security. While phosphorus fertilizers are essential for sustaining high crop yields, all modern agricultural systems currently rely on constant input of mined phosphate rock. However, phosphate rock, like oil, is a finite resource, and global production of high quality phosphate rock is estimated to peak by 2033, after which demand for phosphorus fertilizers will increasingly exceed supply. Phosphorus cannot be manufactured; though fortunately there are a number of technologies and practices that together could potentially meet long-term future phosphate fertilizer needs for global food demand. This paper develops probable, possible and preferred long-term scenarios for supply and demand-side measures. The preferred scenarios together demonstrate how substantial reduction in demand for phosphorus can be achieved, and how the remaining demand can be met through high recovery and reuse of organic sources like human and animal excreta (e.g. direct reuse, struvite crystals), crop residues, food waste and new sources like seaweed, ash, bonemeal and some phosphate rock.

Dartnall, WJ, Reizes, J, Anstis, G & ASME 1970, 'DEMYSTIFYING THERMODYNAMICS BY CONNECTING IT WITH MECHANICS', IMECE 2008: ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, VOL 9, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, Boston, MA, pp. 63-72.

Fam, DM, Mitchell, CA & Abeysuriya, K 1970, 'Critical stakeholder engagement in shifting paradigms from removal to recovery in wastewater management - a case study of implementing urine diversion in Sweden', Asia-Pacific Science, Technology and Society Network Conference 2009, Griffith University, Brisbane.

Fane, SA & Turner, AJ 1970, 'Integrated water resource planning in the context of climate uncertainty', Proceedings of the 5th IWA Specialist Conference 'Efficient 2009', 'Efficient 2009': 5th IWA Specialist Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Urban Water, International Water Association (IWA) and Australian Water Association (AWA), Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-17.

Giurco, D, Cooper, C, Mason, LM, Evans, G, Moffat, K & Littleboy, A 1970, 'Minerals and sustainability - exploring cross-scale issues and responses', SSEE 2009 International Conference: Solutions for a Sustainable Planet, Society for Sustainability and Environmental Engineering International Conference, Engineers Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-12.
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The ways in which Australias minerals resources are used to support sustainable futures merits serious and broad discussion. This paper reviews the issues associated with minerals and sustainability and the contemporary responses to these issues by stakeholders at the global, national and local scale. A framework for integrating minerals and sustainability - the Mineral Resources Landscape - is used to map the contemporary issues and stakeholder activities relative to each other and provides a platform for discussion of further research questions required to position the Australian minerals sector as `metals service provider in a sustainable future. This research begins part of a three year `Mineral Futures collaboration between universities and CSIRO exploring commodity futures, technology futures and mineral-rich regions in transition.

Giurco, D, Langham, E, Warnken, M & Cohen, B 1970, 'Future scenarios in the Latrobe Valley: Contrasting impacts with life cycle thinking', 15th Annual Sustainable Development Conference, Utrecht.

Giurco, D, Patterson, JJ, Bossilkov, A & Kazaglis, A 1970, 'Industrial water reuse synergies: a Port Melbourne scoping study', 15th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, 15th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, International Sustainable Development Research Society (ISDRS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands, pp. 1-14.

Giurco, D, Prior, JH & Boydell, S 1970, 'Future Latrobe Valley scenarios for a carbon-constrained world: industrial ecology, environmental impacts and property rights', SSEE 2009 International Conference Website, Solutions for a Sustainable Planet, Society for Sustainability and Environmental Engineering (SSEE), Melboune, Australia, pp. 1-13.
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The Latrobe Valley has substantial brown coal deposits which are currently mined for use in coal-fired power stations which supply 85% of Victoriaâs electricity. This paper considers the role that industrial ecology could play in underpinning the future structure (2050-2100) of the Latrobe valley industry base in a carbon-constrained world. Potential future scenarios for industry clusters were developed around three themes: bio-industries and renewables (no coal usage); electricity from coal with carbon capture and storage (low to high coal use options exist within this scenario); coal to products (e.g. hydrogen, ammonia, diesel, methanol, plastics, char with medium to high overall coal use relative to current levels). This research uses life cycle thinking to characterise the potential water, greenhouse gas and property rights impacts across life cycle stages.

Harrold, T & Mukheibir, P 1970, 'Climate correction of bulk meter consumption', Proceedings of OzWater'09, OzWater'09, Australian Water Association (AWA), Melbourne, Australia.

Herriman, J, Willetts, JR & Carrard, NR 1970, 'Engaging with sustainability in higher education in Australia', Presentation to the 5th World Congress of Environmental Education, 'The Earth, our common home', 5th World Congress of Environmental Education, 'The Earth, our common home', Secretariat of the World Environmental Education Congresses, Montreal, Canada, pp. 1-6.
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Higher education institutions have an important role to play in shaping societyâs response to ecological challenges and critical sustainability issues. Organizational responses are shaped by many dimensions of the institutional environment including the commitment of academics and managers to environmental issues, student interest and activism and perceptions around market demand for engagement with sustainability. In Australian higher education institutions there has been widespread interest in and movement towards engaging with sustainability as a core issue in teaching and learning, research and facilities management. This paper draws on recent research from the Institute for Sustainable Futures within the University of Technology, Sydney undertaken to inform development of a postgraduate transdisciplinary (TD) sustainability program. Using a case study approach, the paper reviews responses from Australian universities to sustainability education and considers how transdisciplinary approaches can inform environmental education at the tertiary level.

McKibbin, JL, Fane, SA & Mitchell, CA 1970, 'Next generation IRP: extending water planning processes and tools to analyse distributed water futures', Proceedings of the 5th IWA Specialist Conference 'Efficient 2009', 'Efficient 2009': 5th IWA Specialist Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Urban Water, International Water Association (IWA) and Australian Water Association (AWA), Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-5.

McNamara, L, Cornish, PS & Jacobs, B 1970, 'Improving the relevance and impact of water quality modelling for decision-making', 18th World Imacs Congress and Modsim 2009 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences Proceedings, pp. 3851-3857.
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Catchment managers often turn to computer-based water quality models to support catchment and natural resource management (CNRM). However, model use by managers is inherently problematic. Often-reported problems include inadequate or poor quality input data, miscommunication between scientists and managers, inappropriate treatment of model uncertainty and excessive model complexity or simplicity. This paper reports on the methodological lessons learned from several CNRM projects in New South Wales, Australia. Six modelling project management problems that significantly impact on the utility of models in decision-making are discussed: 1. Relevance and impact. Model evaluation usually focuses on the technical quality of models. Relevance to the decision-making problem and impact on the decision that is made are more useful indicators of model effectiveness in decision-support. 2. Methodological tension. Disparate thinking amongst practitioners within knowledge communities can inhibit effective model use as much or more than disagreement or misunderstanding between scientists and managers. 3. Model uncertainty. Most treatments of uncertainty focus on quantifiable uncertainties and their assessment using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Conceptual uncertainties, which are difficult or impossible to quantify, often predominate. 4. Excessive information gathering. Timeliness is critical in decision-support. Excessive information gathering can contribute to 'information overload' and lead to 'analysis paralysis'. 5. Inadequate information transformation. The identification or creation of useful information in useful quantities and useful form may be more critical to CNRM than facets of information and knowledge management that receive greater attention, such as elimination of perceived barriers to knowledge transfer between scientists and managers. 6. Vested interests. The behaviour of individuals in a modelling project is often affected by incentives, bi...

Mitchell, CA, Abeysuriya, K & Fam, DM 1970, 'Sanitary systems: lifecycle thinking leads to consideration of distributed infrastructure', 4th International Conference on Life Cycle Management, The Global Challenge of Managing Life Cycles, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 1-7.

Mitchell, CA, Abeysuriya, K, Willetts, JR & Macrellis, A 1970, 'New 'How to' guidance for successful responsible management entities', National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association (NOWRA) 18th Annual Technical Education Conference and Exposition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Mukheibir, P 1970, 'Assessing the economic impact of projected climate change on water supplies in small towns', Proceedings of OzWater'09, OzWater'09, Australian Water Association (AWA), Melbourne, Australia.

Niu, J & Dartnall, J 1970, 'Using the Fuzzy Method to Evaluate Manufacturing Productivity', Volume 4: Design and Manufacturing, ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASMEDC, Florida, USA, pp. 115-121.
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This paper introduces a useful method for improvement of the time forecasting of production lines operating at full speed production time (FSPT) and dealing with uncertain time losses. The full speed production time is a major index of the production line’s performance because it enables direct evaluation of production line output. This measure is called as overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). The fixed theoretically available hours minus time losses such as holidays, broken equipment and raw materials or labor shortages give us the production lines’ full speed production time. The waterfall chart model (WCM) improves the measurement of FSPT and can thereby help decision-makers to evaluate OEE. Unfortunately, there are many uncertain and imprecise factors operating. The fuzzy method can be used to reduce the degree and effect of uncertainty and imprecision [1]. We therefore introduce fuzzy theory into our WCM chart. This will assist decision makers in evaluating uncertainty and imprecision and obtain improved OEE measurements as well as producing better production plans and master production schedules [2].

Plant, R 1970, 'Ecosystem services and NRM practice: where the rubber hits the road', Land & Water Australia Ecosystem Services Workshop, Canberra, Australia.

Plant, R, Chong, J & McInnes, R 1970, 'Catchments as Assets: an Australian Case Study of Control Measures for Source Water Protection', 8th International Conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics (ESEE 2009): Transformation, Innovation and Adaptation for Sustainability, 8th International Conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics (ESEE 2009): Transformation, Innovation and Adaptation for Sustainability, Ljubljana.

Prior, JH & Harfield, S 1970, 'Towards a philosophy of social planning: cities and social planning', State of Australian Cities (SOAC) Conference, State of Australian Cities Conference, Promaco Conventions Pty Ltd and DiskBank, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-22.
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Given the conspicuous and wide-ranging effects emanating from planning, this paper takes as its starting point the proposition that all planning, not least that directed at Australian cities, must address and resolve the issue of legitimacy in terms of what justifies its decisionmaking and intervention(s). Specifically focusing on the discipline of social planning, with its complex relationships with that segment of the real world that we call `social reality or `social practice, the paper argues that such planning must justify its legitimacy not only in terms of its actions and consequences, but, more significantly, on the basis of a substantive and critical examination of the values, knowledge, politics and ideologies that have underpinned its emergence throughout the 20th century and that currently inform and drive it.

Prior, JH & Partridge, EY 1970, 'Experiencing the toxic city: effects of contamination and its remediation on individuals and communities in urban Australia', State of Australian Cities (SOAC) Conference, State of Australian Cities Conference, Promaco Conventions Pty Ltd and DiskBank, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-16.
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There is little research available on individual and community experiences of environmental contamination in Australian urban areas. However, international research suggests that the health impacts for individuals and communities living near contaminated sites are significant and complex and extend beyond the risk of immediate physical harm to impact on the psychological health of both individuals and communities. This paper presents the findings of one component a resident survey of a mixed method social research project that seeks to address this research gap. A random telephone survey was conducted in early 2009 with 400 residents living in proximity to the Botany Industrial Park (BIP) and Southlands contaminated sites in the southern suburbs of Sydney. The paper presents the findings from two of the themes that the survey investigates, namely the impact of the contamination on the `lifescape of residents living near the site, and the sense of stigma associated with contamination and whether this might be transformed by the remediation process. We suggest that a better understanding of community experiences and responses can inform the future management and remediation of contaminated lands. We hope that improvements in these processes can contribute to the alleviation of potentially negative impacts on peoples health and wellbeing.

Prior, JH & Partridge, EY 1970, 'Practitioners' views on the past, present and future of social planning in Australia', State of Australian Cities (SOAC) Conference, State of Australian Cities Conference 2009, Promaco Conventions, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-18.
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This paper explores shifts and internal perceptions of social planning practice in Australia against the background of the professions past, present and future. With the majority of people in Australia living in urban areas, most social planning occurs and is implemented in Australias cities. For this reason and also because it has a great deal of interdependence with the field of urban planning the present and future of social planning practice has a critical role to play in the future of Australian cities.

Prior, JH, Partridge, EY & Plant, R 1970, 'Community perceptions of contaminated land and associated remediation processes', 3rd International Contaminated Site Remediation Conference: Program and Proceedings, 'Cleanup 09': 3rd International Contaminated Site Remediation Conference, Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 62-63.

Prior, JH, Partridge, EY, Plant, R & Ison, N 1970, 'Community experiences, perceptions of and attitudes to contaminated land and its remediation: an analysis of metropolitan and local newspapers in Australia', Australian Technology Park, Sydney NSW.

Retamal, ML & Turner, AJ 1970, 'Unpacking the energy implications of distributed water infrastructure: how are rainwater systems performing?', Proceedings of the 5th IWA Specialist Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Urban Water, 'Efficient 2009': 5th IWA Specialist Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Urban Water, International Water Association (IWA) and Australian Water Association (AWA), Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Riedy, C 1970, 'Energy in a changing climate: New priorities for climate policy', Conservation Council of South Australia Energy Summit, Adelaide, South Australia.

Riedy, C 1970, 'Sustainable futures and NECA', NECA Conference, Hunter Valley, NSW, Australia.

Riedy, C 1970, 'The Intelligent Grid', NECA Conference, Hunter Valley, NSW, Australia.

Riedy, C 1970, 'Urban infrastructure for long-term climate change response', Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability Engineering and Science, International Conference on Sustainability Engineering and Science, The New Zealand Society for Sustainability Engineering and Science, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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In the context of climate change response, sustainable urban infrastructure needs to deliver deep cuts in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, of the order of 80-90% by 2050. This paper examines how various GHG reduction strategies applied to urban infrastructure open up or foreclose the potential for deeper cuts in the long-term. It uses case studies of a major precinct-scale urban redevelopment site and a city-wide planning process in Sydney to illustrate how developers and planners are balancing short to medium-term GHG reduction actions with the need to achieve much deeper cuts in the long-term. There is a particular focus on the implications of strategies that prioritise gas-fired cogeneration. The paper argues that too little attention is being given to the long-term implications of short-term GHG reduction strategies and proposes infrastructure design principles for long-term GHG reduction.

Sharpe, SA 1970, 'Profiting from the breakthrough: Technology commercialisation in the global age, the case of LCD technology', Conference Proceedings of the 12th Uddevalla Symposium on The Geography of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Bari, Italy 11-13th June 2009, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden, Bari, Italy, pp. 899-921.

Turner, AJ, Fyfe, J, Retamal, ML, White, S & Coates, A 1970, 'The one to one water savings program unpacking residential high water usage', 5th IWA Specialist Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Urban Water, 'Efficient 2009': 5th IWA Specialist Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Urban Water, International Water Association (IWA) and Australian Water Association (AWA), Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-8.

White, S & Cordell, DJ 1970, 'Pathways to phosphorus security: the long-term perspective', Australian Fertilizer Outlook conference, Australian Fertilizer Outlook conference, Australian Association of Agricultural Consultants WA Inc., Sydney, Australia.

Willetts, JR & Mitchell, CA 1970, 'Impact of transdisciplinary research on doctoral education: Implications for supporting students and for judging quality', Grad School Forum - The Future of Doctoral Education at UTS, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.

Willetts, JR & Wicken, J 1970, 'Using multiple points of leverage: Engendering action on water and sanitation', Proceedings of the MDG Conference 2009. 'Meeting the Millennium Development Goals: Old Problems, New Challenges', MDG Conference 2009. 'Meeting the Millennium Development Goals: Old Problems, New Challenges', Australian Council for International Development and La Trobe University, La Trobe University, Melbourne.

Willetts, JR, Halcrow, G, Carrard, NR, Rowland, C & Crawford, J 1970, 'Two MDG's for the price of one: Gender in Pacific WASH initiatives', MDG Conference 2009. 'Meeting the Millennium Development Goals: Old Problems, New Challenges', La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.

Winterford, KH 1970, 'Constructive Dialogue: Increasing citizen engagement and relational responsibility for the delivery of basic services', 2009 World Appreciative Inquiry Conference.

Winterford, KH 1970, 'Constructive Dialogue: increasing citizen engagement and relational responsibility for the delivery of basic services', Meeting the Millennium Development Goals: Old Problems, New Challenges, Melbourne, Austalia.

Abeysuriya, K, Langham, E & Fane, SA Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Water reuse feasibility project: water sensitive urban design opportunities, pp. 1-146, Sydney, Australia.

Atherton, AM & Herriman, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, The World Wide Views Australia Story, Sydney, Australia.

Atherton, AM & Herriman, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, The World Wide Views Australia Story - Summary, Sydney, Australia.

Chong, J, Herriman, J, White, S & Campbell, D Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Review of water restrictions, Sydney, Australia.

Chong, J, Mason, LM, Pillora, SD & Giurco, D Institute for Sustainable Futures 2009, Briefing Paper - Product stewardship schemes in Asia: China and Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, pp. 1-22, Sydney, Australia.
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This document summarises the main features and outcomes of product stewardship schemes in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and China. Information was obtained from English-language documents. An overview of the types of schemes, key drivers and lessons for Australia is presented in this summary section, followed by more detailed information tables for each country in subsequent sections.

Dunstan, C & Langham, E Prepared for the City of Sydney by the Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS. 2009, Submission to the Australian Energy Regulator on the NSW Draft Distribution Pricing Determination, Sydney.

Fane, SA Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, An assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from the proposed Tillegra Dam, Sydney, Australia.

Fane, SA & Langham, E Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Water reuse feasibility project: water conservation and reuse opportunities, pp. 1-128, Sydney, Australia.
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Leichhardt Municipal Council (LMC) has identified sustainability in the use and reuse of water as presenting not only an opportunity to save money and improve amenity in the local area, but also as a means by which to reduce environmental impacts. In line with this, the Council commissioned the Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF) at the University of Technology, Sydney and HydroScience Consulting to conduct a study of sustainable water use and potential water reuse opportunities. The overall goal of the study is to provide innovative, practical, well-researched water management strategies to reduce potable mains water consumption and reduce the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff within the Leichhardt local government area (LGA). This report represents the principal output of the study and comprises the following two parts: * Part A: .Water Conservation and Reuse Opportunities Study. which identifies and prioritises a number of water conservation and reuse opportunities for particular target sites in the Leichhardt LGA. * Part B: .Water Sensitive Urban Design Opportunities Study. which investigates how LMC can apply Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) principles and associated tools throughout the Leichhardt LGA. Additional outputs from the project include: * An interim report by ISF on water conservation and reuse opportunities; * An interim report by HydroScience Consulting WSUD opportunities; * A series of rainwater tank models for use in sizing tanks for residential and nonresidential applications; and * A series of GIS layers for use in identifying WSUD opportunities.

Fane, SA & Patterson, JJ Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Incorporating climate change uncertainty into urban water integrated resource planning - scoping paper, Sydney, Australia.

Fane, SA, Blackburn, N & Chong, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Sustainability assessment in urban water integrated resource planning - scoping paper, Sydney, Australia.

Fane, SA, Retamal, ML & White, S Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, An independent review of the need for Tillegra Dam, Sydney, Australia.

Fane, SA, Retamal, ML & White, S Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Submission to the Department of Planning regarding Tillegra Dam proposal environmental assessment report, Sydney, Australia.

Fyfe, J, Herriman, J, Blackburn, N, Asker, SA & Giurco, D Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Designing the Duck River Waste Exchange Program, Sydney, Australia.

Giurco, D, Evans, G, Cooper, C, Mason, LM & Franks, D Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS & Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining (Uni of Qld) 2009, Mineral futures discussion paper: Sustainability issues, challenges and opportunities., Sydney, Australia.

Hussain, H, Willetts, JR & Carrard, NR Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Knowledge networks in the water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector in south east Asia and the Pacific, pp. 1-54, Sydney, Australia.

Manning, C, Tirpak, M, Rossiter, S, Stoneham, M, Prior, JH, Whitehead, A, Thackway, S, Thornell, M, Maxwell, M & Sainsbury, P NSW Health 2009, Healthy urban development checklist: a guide for health services when commenting on development policies, plans and proposals, NSW Health, Sydney, Australia.

Mason, C 2009, Car and car-related fringe benefit taxation (FBT) provisions relating to transport, housing, environment, families, corporations and not-for-profit institutions, Sydney, Australia.

Mason, C Australian Treasury 2009, Submission to the Australia's future tax system (Henry review), Sydney, Australia.
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I appreciate the Review Panels Consultation Paper (December 2008) in its breadth of approach to tax and non-tax policy and design principles for Australias Future Tax System. This approach is suited to addressing the problems caused by the continuation of cars as a fringe benefit. I conclude the submission with some suggestions about framing the issue of reforming the car FBT concession, its ends and means, in relation to policy goals for sustainable transport.

Mason, C 2009, Submission to the National Preventative Health Taskforce on Obesity.

Mason, C 2009, Submission to the senate rural and regional affairs and transport committee inquiry on the investment of Commonwealth and State funds in public passenger transport infrastructure and services, Sydney, Australia.
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The Senate Committees terms of reference centre upon investment in public transport. This is a critical element, particularly where it is considered jointly with walking and cycling, of a wider system of urban governance/management. Greater investment in public transport and a greater role for Australian national governance are necessary for urban livability, sustainability and productivity the directions recommended in two recent parliamentary reports, Sustainable Cities and the Oil Report.

Mitchell, CA Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Quality in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary postgraduate research and its supervision: ideas for good practice, Sydney, Australia.
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This workshop is the primary dissemination outcome of a Fellowship from the Australian Learning and Teaching Council awarded to Cynthia Mitchell in 2006 entitled ‘Zen and the art of transdisciplinary postgraduate research’.It brings together insights and experiences from– International literature on the nature of inter- and transdisciplinary research, doctorate-ness and examination practices– Organisational praxis in inter- and multi-disciplinary research units– Individuals: a wide range of supervisors, students and examiners of inter and trans-disciplinary postgraduate work collaborated and participated in events in Australia and Sweden.

Mitchell, CA Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Quality in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary postgraduate research and its supervision: workshop slides, Sydney, Australia.

Mitchell, CA Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Zen and the art of transdisciplinary postgraduate research: workshop resources, Sydney, Australia.

Mitchell, CA & Willetts, JR Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Quality criteria for inter- and trans-disciplinary doctoral research outcomes, Sydney, Australia.

Mukheibir, P 2009, Vulnerability–Adaptation–Energy Resilience: Indicators and Methodology for Adaptation Projects that reinforce Energy Systems Resilience: UGANDA.

Patterson, JJ & Fane, SA Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney 2009, Impact study: lowering minimum flows for showerheads and taps, pp. 1-29, Sydney, Australia.

Retamal, ML, Abeysuriya, K, Turner, AJ & White, S Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Water energy nexus literature review, Sydney, Australia.

Retamal, ML, Glassmire, J, Abeysuriya, K, Turner, AJ & White, S Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, The water-energy nexus: investigation into the energy implications of household rainwater systems, Sydney, Australia.

Richter, C, Teske, S & Nebrera, JA ESTELA / SolarPaces/GPI 2009, Concentrating solar power global outlook 09, Greenpeace International/European Solar Thermal Electricity Association (ESTELA)/IEA SolarPACES, Report.

Richter, C, Teske, S & Short, R Perspectiva Mundial 2009, Energía Solar Térmica de Concentración.

Riedy, C Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, ATN greenhouse targets: Report and recommendations, Sydney.

Riedy, C & Ison, N Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, UTS climate change action plan, Sydney.

Rutovitz, J 2009, Reducing carbon emissions from residential development.

Rutovitz, J & Atherton, AM Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2009, Energy sector jobs to 2030: a global analysis, pp. 1-117, Sydney, Australia.
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Greenpeace International and the European Renewable Energy Council published a global energy scenario, Energy [R]evolution, that sets out a vision for low-carbon global energy supply and compares it to the energy projection put forward by the International Energy Agency (IEA 2007). This report presents an analysis of the potential job creation associated with the two scenarios to 2030. Only direct employment associated with electricity production is calculated, including jobs in fuel production, manufacturing, construction, and operations and maintenance. Results are presented for the regions used in both the IEA and Greenpeace projections, namely OECD North America, OECD Europe, OECD Pacific, Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Developing Asia, the Transition Economies, India, and China. Additional detail is given for the G8 countries and the European Union. There have been many reports in recent years attempting to analyse local, national, or regional job effects of energy scenarios and energy policy. This is the first report that attempts to systematically analyse global job impacts of a low-carbon energy future.

Rutovitz, J & Dunstan, C Intelligent Grid Cluster 2009, Meeting NSW electricity needs in a carbon constrained world: lowering costs and emissions with distributed energy, pp. 1-38, Sydney, Australia.
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Communities in developed nations expect their governments to ensure the reliable supply of electricity. Reflecting these expectations, the NSW Government established an Inquiry into Electricity Supply in NSW in 2007, chaired by Professor Anthony Owen (the Owen Inquiry). This Inquiry was asked in particular to review the need and timing for new baseload supply. The Owen Inquiry concluded that there was a potential shortfall in baseload supply from 2013/14, and recommended that planning for new power stations should commence immediately as the lead time for a coal-fired power station could be 67 years. Since the Owen Inquiry, the projections for both electricity consumption and electricity generation have been modified significantly (Transgrid 2008), such that the findings of the Inquiry warrant substantial reconsideration. It is beyond the scope of this report to review the merits of the privatisation plan proposed by the Owen Inquiry. However, it may well prove fortuitous for NSW that the Owen Inquirys recommendations were not adopted, as this means there is an opportunity to reconsider the options for securing the states electricity future.

Sharpe, SA, Cosh, A, Connell, D & Parnell, H NESTA 2009, Start-up finance The role of micro funds in the financing of new technology-based firms, pp. 1-30, London.
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Appendix A: The Cambridge context 4 Appendix B: A study of Micro Funds through a Cambridge exemplar 8 ??Appendix C: Overview of Government policy & support Appendix D: Detailed Case Study Results Appendix E: Further research results

Willetts, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney 2009, Appraisal of Monitoring and Evaluation of CARE Community Based Approaches to Avian Influenza, Prepared for AusAID, CARE Myanmar and CARE Australia by UTS-ISF.

Willetts, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney 2009, Findings, achievements and lessons based on Evaluation of CARE Community Based Approaches to Avian Influenza, Prepared for CARE Myanmar by UTS-ISF.

Willetts, J, Paddon, M, Glassmire, J, Carrard, N & Boronyak, L Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney 2009, Review of SKM Monitoring and Evaluation, Prepared for Sinclair Knight Mertz by UTS-ISF.

Willetts, JR Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS (Australia) and Stone Environmental Inc. (USA) 2009, Responsible management entities guidance fact sheets, pp. 1-50, Sydney, Australia.
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Fact sheets to help US businesses better manage their decentralized wastewater systems, i.e. Responsible Management Entities or RME's.

Willetts, JR, Wicken, J & Robinson, A International Water Centre 2009, Meeting the sanitation and water challenge in South-East Asia and the Pacific: Synthesis report on the Sanitation and Water Conference 2008, pp. 1-31, Brisbane, Australia.
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The publication, titled Meeting the Sanitation and Water Challenge in South-East Asia and the Pacific has been compiled for the purpose of keeping the issues of water and sanitation high on national and international agendas. It is a report of the actions discussed by the participants who gathered at the Sanitation and Water Conference held in Melbourne in 2009 as part of Australias contribution to the International Year of Sanitation. The publication captures and presents ten key strategies identified by the participants in their Conference Statement. It aims to disseminate the messages of the conference and to provide a useful resource document for the water and sanitation sector. This International WaterCentres publication and associated Sanitation and Water conference are funded by AusAID, the Australian Governments international development agency, and reflects the work of a team of dedicated non-government organisations and research institutions who are working together to enhance Australian-based sanitation and water initiatives overseas. The International WaterCentre is committed to helping achieve the Millennium Development Goals and is one of the founding members of the Water and Sanitation Reference Group. The Water and Sanitation Reference Group comprises representatives from WaterAID Australia, World Vision Australia, OxFam, the Institute of Sustainable Futures and many other organisations that come together to share perspectives and valuable experiences, to develop proposals and solutions, and to raise the profile of this human tragedy.