Publications

Gidley, JM 2016, Postformal Education A Philosophy for Complex Futures, Springer.
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This book explains why the current education model, which was developed in the 19th century to meet the needs of industrial expansion, is obsolete.

Boronyak-Vasco, L & Jacobs, B 2016, 'Managing Natural Resources for Extreme Climate Events: Differences in Risk Perception Among Urban and Rural Communities in Sydney, Australia' in Leal Filho, W, Musa, H, Cavan, G, O'Hare, P & Seixas, J (eds), Climate Change Management, Springer International Publishing, Germany, pp. 181-194.
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© 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. Lack of perception of the risks posed by climate change has been identified as a major constraint to social adaptation. Factors contributing to risk perception include experience of extreme weather events; socio-cultural factors (norms and values); knowledge of causes, impacts and responses, and socio-demographics. Qualitative data was collected from a series of participatory placed-based workshops conducted in the Greater Sydney and South East regions of New South Wales, Australia with participants drawn from a mix of 12 urban and rural communities. Workshop discussions were based on an Emergency Management Framework: Prepare, Prevent, Respond and Recover (PPRR) for the most important local climate hazards—bushfires, drought, storms, and flooding. Qualitative information from the workshops was examined for evidence of the role of risk perception in the management of natural resources for extreme climate events and the capacity of communities to adapt. Perception of risk differed among locations (urban vs. rural) and types of events, in particular bushfire and flood. Recent experience of an event, livelihood dependency on natural resources and the socio-demographic dynamics of communities were identified as factors contributing to adaptive responses to improve protection of natural resources (such as soils, water and biodiversity).

Browning, C, Northey, S, Haque, N, Bruckard, W & Cooksey, M 2016, 'Life Cycle Assessment of Rare Earth Production from Monazite' in Kirchain, RE, Blanpain, B, Meskers, C, Olivetti, E, Apelian, D, Howarter, J, Kvithyld, A, Mishra, B, Neelameggham, NR & Spangenberger, J (eds), REWAS 2016, Springer International Publishing, pp. 83-88.
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Cordell, D, Metson, GS, Iwaniec, DM, Bui, TT, Childers, DL, Dao, N, Dang, HTT, Davidson, J, Jacobs, B, Kumwenda, S, Morse, T, Nguyen, VA, Thole, B & Tilley, EA 2016, 'Transforming cities: Securing food and clean waterways through a transdisciplinary phosphorus approach' in Fam, D, Palmer, J, Riedy, C & Mitchell, C (eds), Transdisciplinary Research and Practice for Sustainability Outcomes, Routledge, UK, pp. 139-154.
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As an essential input to crop growth via soil reserves or fertilizer, phosphorus underpins global food security. Without phosphorus, food could not be produced, yet phosphorus is mined from finite reserves, most of which are controlled by only a few countries1 (UNEP 2011; Jasinski 2015; Cordell and White 2014). Fertilizer prices are likely to increase as finite reserves become critically scarce. Globally, a billion farmers and their families cannot access fertilizer markets and many rely on phosphorus-deficient soils that produce low crop yields (IFPRI 2003). Moreover, mismanagement along the phosphorus supply chain from mine to field to fork has resulted in massive losses and waste, which largely ends up in waterways, causing nutrient pollution and algal blooms (Bennett, Carpenter and Caraco 2001). The global phosphorus challenge is inherently complex; it is as much about international relations as farm soil fertility. It transcends disciplines, sectors, and scales – from geopolitics to ecology to nutrition. In this chapter, we describe and reflect upon a new project using a novel transdisciplinary approach to address this phosphorus challenge.

Jacobs, B, Lee, C, Watson, S, Dunford, S & Coutts-Smith, A 2016, 'Adaptation Planning Process and Government Adaptation Architecture Support Regional Action on Climate Change in New South Wales, Australia' in Leal Filho, W (ed), Climate Change Management, Springer International Publishing, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 17-29.
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© 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. This paper reports progress of the Government of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in implementing climate adaptation responses through the establishment of an effective adaptation architecture and incorporation of the elements of best practice adaptation policy development. Ideally, adaptation policy development should be grounded in practice; support adaptation processes that reduce social and environmental vulnerability; account for short-term variations and longer-term changes in climate; recognise the importance of scale from the local to the global; be assessed in the context of human development; and, employ participatory processes throughout its formulation and implementation. At the centre of the NSW Government’s approach, Enabling Regional Adaptation (ERA) is an on-going, multi-region, stakeholder-led process designed to inform local and regional adaptation planning and action. ERA consists of several phases that include: integrated assessment of vulnerability at regional scale (climate and socio-economic profiling, impact pathways development, adaptive capacity assessment and identification of collective actions); development of strategic adaptation pathways, change models and process benchmarking; and, place-based dialogue on transformational adaptation with local stakeholders. ERA is supported by an adaptation architecture that includes: regional capacity building, enhancement of social capital, knowledge dissemination, research partnerships and dedicated funding. Since 2010, the project has engaged 720 regional decision-makers through 33 participatory workshops and assessed adaptation in five NSW planning regions covering 75 % of the State’s population and 64 % of Local Government Areas.

Khalil, MB, Jacobs, BC & Kuruppu, N 2016, 'Grassroots Technologies and Community Trust in Climate Change Adaptation: Learning from Coastal Settlements of Bangladesh' in Leal Filho, W (ed), Climate Change Management, Springer International Publishing, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 297-311.
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© 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. This paper reports doctoral research that explores grassroots technologies as an asset for poor coastal communities of Bangladesh, how local knowledge contributes to the creation of such technologies, and how they can be useful to build a community’s trust in its own adaptive capacity. Bangladesh is one of the most disaster vulnerable countries in the world due to its deltaic morphology and frequent climate-induced hazards (storm surge, annual flooding, salinity intrusion, frequent cyclones, etc.). Southwestern coastal settlements are especially vulnerable because people considered among the poorest in the world inhabit them. To cope with climate extremes under severe resource limitations, grassroots technologies evolve over generations from autonomous decision-making processes and creative experimentation. However, communities often fail to recognize the value of these technologies and may have little trust in their innate capacity for climate change adaptation. A conceptual framework will be presented that identifies the interactions among grassroots technology, local knowledge, community trust and climate change adaptation. The framework will be validated in case studies of specific grassroots technologies identified through field observations, and explored through qualitative methods to understand the importance of indigenous knowledge to the development of community-based climate coping strategies.

Palmer, J, Riedy, C, Fam, D & Mitchell, C 2016, 'Transdisciplinary research and practice for sustainable outcomes: An introduction' in Fam, D, Palmer, J, Riedy, C & Mitchell, C (eds), Transdisciplinary Research and Practice for Sustainability Outcomes, Routledge, UK, pp. 1-6.
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Pant, R, Thacker, S, Hall, JW, Barr, S, Alderson, D & Kelly, S 2016, 'Analysing the risks of failure of interdependent infrastructure networks' in Hall, J, Tran, M, Hickford, A & Nicholls, R (eds), The Future of National Infrastructure, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 241-267.
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Infrastructure forms the economic backbone of modern society. It is a key determinant of economic competitiveness, social well-being and environmental sustainability. Yet infrastructure systems (energy, transport, water, waste and ICT) in advanced economies globally face serious challenges. For the first time, a leading team of researchers sets out a systematic approach to making long-term choices about national infrastructure systems. Great Britain is used as a case study to demonstrate how the methodologies and accompanying models can be effectively applied in a national infrastructure assessment. Lessons and insights for other industrialised nations and emerging economies are highlighted, demonstrating practical scenarios for delivering infrastructure services in a wide range of future socio-economic and environmental conditions. The Future of National Infrastructure provides practitioners, policy-makers, and academics with the concepts, models and tools needed to identify and test robust, sustainable, and resilient strategies for the provision of national infrastructure.

Plant, RA, Roche, P & Barnaud, C 2016, 'De la pensée des services écosystémiques à la représentation des interactions humaines avec la biosphère' in Roche, P, Geijzendorffer, I, Levrel, H & Maris, V (eds), Regards Croisés sur les Valeurs de la Biodiversité et les Services Ecosystémiques, Quae, Paris.
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This chapter revisits some important notions rooted in the sociological and ecological sciences that are, in the authors’ view, fundamental if ecosystem services thinking is to adequately represent human interactions with the biosphere1. Our aim is to explore how the ecosystem services concept can be reframed in order to redeem the seemingly lost message of human dependency on the biosphere. The ecosystem services concept came to prominence in the mid-1990s (Baskin, 1997; Daily, 1997) as a concerted effort by the conservation movement to put biodiversity on the global political agenda by riding the then-current wave of neo-liberal optimism and its associated belief in markets (Norgaard, 2010). A decade and a half on, it can be noted that an ever-increasing contingent of policy makers and researchers is embracing the ecosystem services concept for a variety of purposes associated with land, water and biodiversity management. This suggests a strong and rapid paradigm shift from a biodiversity conservation oriented approach towards a service provision oriented approach of ecosystem management (Potschin and Haines-Young, 2011). This paradigm shift is also reflected in science by the presence of the words ‘ecosystem services’ in such recently established journals as Ecosystem Services (Elsevier) and the International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management (Taylor & Francis).

Prior, JH 2016, 'Introduction Religion, Sexuality and Spirituality in Historical Traditions' in Prior, JH & Cusack, C (eds), Religion, Sexuality and Spirituality Critical Concepts in Religious Studies Volume III: Sexuality through Historical Traditions, Routledge, New York, pp. 1-7.

Prior, JH 2016, 'Introduction: Sexualities in the Sacred and Secular Spheres' in Prior, JH & cusack, C (eds), Religion, Sexuality and Spirituality Critical Concepts in Religious Studies Volume IV: The Sacred and Secular Spheres, Routledge, New York, pp. 1-7.

Rumsey, M, Fletcher, SM, Thiessen, J, Gero, A, Kuruppu, N, Daly, J, Buchan, J & Willetts, J 2016, 'Chapter 4 A Qualitative Examination of the Health Workforce Needs During Climate Change Disaster Response in Pacific Island Countries' in International Disaster Health Care, Apple Academic Press, pp. 71-92.
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Thoung, C, Beaven, R, Zuo, C, Birkin, M, Tyler, P, Crawford-Brown, D, Oughton, EJ & Kelly, S 2016, 'Future demand for infrastructure services' in Hall, J, Tran, M, Nicholls, R & Hickford, A (eds), The Future of National Infrastructure, Cambridge University Press, UK, pp. 31-53.
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Infrastructure forms the economic backbone of modern society. It is a key determinant of economic competitiveness, social well-being and environmental sustainability. Yet infrastructure systems (energy, transport, water, waste and ICT) in advanced economies globally face serious challenges. For the first time, a leading team of researchers sets out a systematic approach to making long-term choices about national infrastructure systems. Great Britain is used as a case study to demonstrate how the methodologies and accompanying models can be effectively applied in a national infrastructure assessment. Lessons and insights for other industrialised nations and emerging economies are highlighted, demonstrating practical scenarios for delivering infrastructure services in a wide range of future socio-economic and environmental conditions. The Future of National Infrastructure provides practitioners, policy-makers, and academics with the concepts, models and tools needed to identify and test robust, sustainable, and resilient strategies for the provision of national infrastructure.

White, S, Turner, A & Hilaire, JS 2016, 'Urban Regeneration in Australia' in Ruming, K (ed), Urban Regeneration in Australia: Policies, Processes and Projects of Contemporary Urban Change, Routledge, London, pp. 204-226.
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© 2018 selection and editorial matter, Kristian Ruming; individual chapters, the contributors. Central Park, also known as Frasers Broadway, is an iconic precinct development in Sydney, Australia. It forms a new gateway to Sydney’s central business district (CBD) and demonstrates how sustainability can be incorporated into the regeneration of our cities, in this case through the revitalisation of a former urban industrial site (Figure 10.1). Its signature green walls provide an immediate statement to residents, workers and visitors that the site aims to embody the principles of sustainability, and go further, towards urban regeneration. This $2 billion staged development was conceived in 2006 and has won a number of awards and accolades (Central Park 2017a). It opened at the end of 2013 and will be completed by the end of 2018.

Boot-Handford, ME, Florin, N & Fennell, PS 2016, 'Investigations into the effects of volatile biomass tar on the performance of Fe-based CLC oxygen carrier materials', Environmental Research Letters, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 115001-115001.
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© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd. In this study we present findings from investigations into interactions between biomass tar and two iron based oxygen carrier materials (OCMs) designed for chemical-looping applications: a 100% Fe2O3 (100Fe) OCM and a 60 wt% Fe2O3/40 wt% Al2O3 (60Fe40Al) OCM. A novel 6 kWe two-stage, fixed-bed reactor was designed and constructed to simulate a chemical-looping combustion (CLC) process with ex situ gasification of biomass. Beech wood was pyrolysed in the first stage of the reactor at 773 K to produce a tar-containing fuel gas that was used to reduce the OCM loaded into the 2nd stage at 973 K. The presence of either OCM was found to significantly reduce the amount of biomass tars exiting the reactor by up to 71 wt% compared with analogous experiments in which the biomass tar compounds were exposed to an inert bed of sand. The tar cracking effect of the 60Fe40Al OCM was slightly greater than the 100Fe OCM although the reduction in the tar yield was roughly equivalent to the increase in carbon deposition observed for the 60Fe40Al OCM compared with the 100Fe OCM. In both cases, the tar cracking effect of the OCMs appeared to be independent of the oxidation state in which the OCM was exposed to the volatile biomass pyrolysis products (i.e. Fe2O3 or Fe3O4). Exposing the pyrolysis vapours to the OCMs in their oxidised (Fe2O3) form favoured the production of CO2. The production of CO was favoured when the OCMs were in their reduced (Fe3O4) form. Carbon deposition was removed in the subsequent oxidation phase with no obvious deleterious effects on the reactivity in subsequent CLC cycles with reduction by 3 mol% CO.

Chong, J, Willetts, J, Abeysuriya, K, Hidayat, L & Sulistio, H 2016, 'Strengthening Governance Arrangements for Small City and Town Sanitation', Prakarsa - Journal of the Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative, vol. January 2016, no. 23, pp. 15-20.

Chowdhury, TJ & Hossain, MR 2016, 'Agricultural Advancement and Occupational Changes to Combat Monga in Shaghata: A Case Study of Shaghata Upazilla, Gaibandha, Rangpur, Bangladesh', Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 1183-1189.

Crofts, P & Prior, J 2016, 'The Proposed Re-introduction of Policing and Crime into the Regulation of Brothels in New South Wales', Current Issues in Criminal Justice, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 209-226.
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Cunningham, R, Cvitanovic, C, Measham, T, Jacobs, B, Dowd, A-M & Harman, B 2016, 'Engaging communities in climate adaptation: the potential of social networks', Climate Policy, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 894-908.
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© 2015 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. There has been a growing recognition regarding the use of social networks to engage communities in government actions. However, despite increasing awareness of social networks, there is very limited evidence for their application in relation to climate policy. This study fills this gap by assessing the potential of social networks for engaging local communities in climate adaptation policy, drawing on a case study of the Shoalhaven region in Australia. Participants from key representative groups were recruited using a purposive snowball sampling technique (N = 24). By mapping knowledge acquisition and diffusion networks in relation to climate adaption at the local scale, this study identified key nodes within the networks. Findings demonstrate that although climate adaptation information was acquired from a diverse range of sources, the sharing knowledge networks were far more dispersed. Furthermore, although 165 knowledge sources were identified, three nodes had coverage cross the entire network, and as such acted as boundary spanners within the sharing network. This research demonstrates the utility of social network analysis to reveal the underlying knowledge networks and structures that influence community engagement pathways and in doing so outlines key implications in relation to engaging local communities in climate policy and action. Policy relevance The rapid development of adaptation as a mainstream strategy for managing the risks of climate change has resulted in the emergence of a broad range of adaptation policies and management strategies globally. However, the success of these initiatives is largely dependent on their acceptance and uptake by local communities, which to date remains a significant challenge. Accordingly, policy makers require novel approaches to overcome barriers to community engagement so as to enhance the likely success of community engagement pathways. This a...

Cynthia Mitchell, CM, Kumi Abeysuriya, KA & Katie Ross, KR 2016, 'Making pathogen hazards visible: a new heuristic to improve sanitation investment efficacy', Waterlines, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 163-181.
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© Practical Action Publishing, 2016. The public health objective of sanitation is to reduce the risk of negative health outcomes from faecal contamination. For water-based sanitation systems at the household and community scale as practised in Indonesia and perhaps elsewhere, the liquid component of the effluent comprises a significant pathogen hazard. While increasing attention is paid to managing the solid fraction, the hazard in the liquid fraction goes largely unnoticed and unmanaged. This paper proposes the means for a conceptual shift to a focus on the pathogen hazards that matter post-treatment, and where those hazards enter the environment, enabling improved local risk management. Firstly, the paper proposes exponential, rather than arithmetic, representations of pathogen number or concentration, because arithmetic representations of treatment efficacy wrongly suggest low cause for concern. Secondly, the paper introduces and applies the Pathogen Hazard Diagram, a new heuristic applicable at both the local and national scale, that requires only local knowledge and general sanitation reference knowledge to construct, but which can guide policy and action, direct monitoring, and improve the efficacy of sanitation investments.

Dauber, J & Miyake, S 2016, 'To integrate or to segregate food crop and energy crop cultivation at the landscape scale? Perspectives on biodiversity conservation in agriculture in Europe', Energy, Sustainability and Society, vol. 6, no. 1.
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Biodiversity is severely declining in intensively managed agriculture worldwide. In response, land-management strategies for biodiversity conservation on farmland are in debate, namely ecological intensification and land sparing vs. land sharing. In parallel, there is a recent food vs. energy debate stimulated by an increasing competition for land resources. Despite clear overlaps between these two debates, they were rarely connected in previous research. This paper aims to stimulate a discussion by providing a contextual link between biodiversity conservation strategies and options for future energy crop deployment. Therefore, nine conceptual land-use scenarios are developed, and then, the potential biodiversity implications are discussed based on the findings from past and ongoing research. These scenarios include the integration and segregation of both food and energy crops on lands with a range of productivity and suitability for agricultural production. We assume that the clear segregation between food crops on productive land and energy crops on marginal land is less likely to be a solution of mitigating the problems related to the biodiversity decline, especially in the European agricultural landscape context. In contrast, the integration of food and energy crop production systems at the farm to landscape scale has greater potential for ecological intensification, although conflicts with traditional nature conservation targets may arise. We conclude that broadening the perspectives of biodiversity conservation in agriculture is crucial, and the inclusion of energy crop production into the recent debates on biodiversity conservation strategies is helpful.

Foster, T & Hope, R 2016, 'A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya', Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 47, pp. 85-96.
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© 2016 Elsevier Ltd Community-based financing of rural water supply operation and maintenance is a well-established policy principle in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet evidence from over 90,000 waterpoints in five sub-Saharan African countries suggests a majority of communities fail to establish and sustain a revenue collection system. As a result, insufficient finances to repair waterpoints can lead to lengthy downtimes or abandonment, threatening the health and welfare of millions of water users forced to revert to unsafe or distant alternatives. Applying a social-ecological systems framework to community waterpoints in rural Kenya, we empirically assess the prevalence and determinants of financial contributions among water users. The analysis draws on multi-decadal data covering 229 years' worth of water committee financial records consisting of more than 53,000 household payments. Results reveal that non-payment and late payment are prevalent, and payment behaviours are predicted by groundwater quality, waterpoint location, productive water use, and rainfall season. The findings reflect the socio-ecological nature of waterpoint sustainability in rural sub-Saharan Africa and confirm that households are not always willing and able to pay for an improved water supply. This situation is symptomatic of a fundamental operation and maintenance financing challenge that must be addressed if the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access to safe water is to be achieved.

Fry, J, Lenzen, M, Giurco, D & Pauliuk, S 2016, 'An Australian Multi‐Regional Waste Supply‐Use Framework', Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1295-1305.
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SummaryThe production of waste creates both direct and indirect environmental impacts. A range of strategies are available to reduce the generation of waste by industry and households, and to select waste treatment approaches that minimize environmental harm. However, evaluating these strategies requires reliable and detailed data on waste production and treatment. Unfortunately, published Australian waste data are typically highly aggregated, published by a variety of entities in different formats, and do not form a complete time‐series. We demonstrate a technique for constructing a multi‐regional waste supply‐use (MRWSU) framework for Australia using information from numerous waste data sources. This is the first MRWSU framework to be constructed (to the authors' knowledge) and the first sub‐national waste input‐output framework to be constructed for Australia. We construct the framework using the Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab), a cloud‐hosted computational platform for building Australian multi‐regional input‐output tables. The structure of the framework complies with the System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA). We demonstrate the use of the MRWSU framework by calculating waste footprints that enumerate the full supply chain waste production for Australian consumers.

Gidley, JM 2016, 'Understanding the Breadth of Futures Studies through a Dialogue with Climate Change', World Futures Review, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 24-38.
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This article explores the breadth of the futures studies field by creating a dialogue with some prominent approaches to climate change. The first half of the article takes an evolutionary perspective on the development of the futures studies field. I show how developments in the field parallel the broader epistemological shift from the centrality of positivism to a plurality of postpositivist approaches particularly in the social sciences. Second, I explore the current scientific research on climate change including issues related to mitigation, adaptation, and coevolution. Finally, I apply my futures typology that includes five paradigmatic approaches to undertake a dialogue between futures studies and climate change.

Giurco, D, Teske, S, Fam, DM & Florin, N 2016, 'Energy-mineral Nexus: Tensions between Integration and Reconfiguration', Enerugi Shigen, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 26-31.

González, B, Blamey, J, Al-Jeboori, MJ, Florin, NH, Clough, PT & Fennell, PS 2016, 'Additive effects of steam addition and HBr doping for CaO-based sorbents for CO 2 capture', Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, vol. 103, pp. 21-26.
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Calcium looping is a developing CO2 capture and storage technology that employs the reversible carbonation of CaO (potentially derived from natural limestone). The CO2 uptake potential of CaO particles reduces upon repeated reaction, largely through loss of reactive surface area and densification of particles. Doping of particles has previously been found to reduce the rate of decay of CO2 uptake, as has the introduction of steam into calcination and carbonation stages of the reaction. Here, the synergistic effects of steam and doping, using an HBr solution, of 5 natural limestones have been investigated. The enhancement to the CO2 uptake was found to be additive, with CO2 uptake after 13 cycles found to be up to 3 times higher for HBr-doped limestones subjected to cycles of carbonation and calcination in the presence of 10% steam, in comparison to natural limestone cycled in the absence of steam. A qualitative discussion of kinetic data is also presented.

Grant, ML, Dominish, E, Carrard, N, Bui, L, Ha, H, Nghiem, T & Willetts, J 2016, 'Reducing or increasing inequalities? The role of private water enterprises in rural Viet Nam', Development Bulletin, vol. 77, no. August 2016, pp. 31-36.
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Extreme inequalities are recognised as being detrimental to human rights and economic development (Stiglitz 2012), and in response, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has explicitly included addressing inequalities as one of the 17 Global Goals. In order to reduce inequalities an integrated approach across multiple dimensions of human development is required, including access to safe water. This research investigated stakeholder perceptions of rural piped water services in Viet Nam to better understand issues of equality, access and affordability. It asked the question: can poor households access piped water services provided by small scale private enterprises in rural Viet Nam? This question is important because little is known about whether or not poor households access piped water services, related issues of affordability of connection fees and tariffs, and other potential barriers. It is also important because private enterprises are increasingly providing piped water services in Viet Nam, supported by incentives from Government and international donors including some civil society organisations (CSOs)

Gupta, DR, Sundarrajan, DP, DeSouza, F, Nagrath, K, Tauro, L, Krishnakumar, P, Srivastava, R & Sinha, T 2016, 'ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LECTINS FROM INDIAN VARIETIES OF LEGUMINOUS PLANTS.', International Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1827-1834.
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Hills, T, Florin, N & Fennell, PS 2016, 'Decarbonising the cement sector: A bottom-up model for optimising carbon capture application in the UK', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 139, pp. 1351-1361.
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Hills, T, Leeson, D, Florin, N & Fennell, P 2016, 'Carbon Capture in the Cement Industry: Technologies, Progress, and Retrofitting', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 368-377.
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© 2015 American Chemical Society. Several different carbon-capture technologies have been proposed for use in the cement industry. This paper reviews their attributes, the progress that has been made toward their commercialization, and the major challenges facing their retrofitting to existing cement plants. A technology readiness level (TRL) scale for carbon capture in the cement industry is developed. For application at cement plants, partial oxy-fuel combustion, amine scrubbing, and calcium looping are the most developed (TRL 6 being the pilot system demonstrated in relevant environment), followed by direct capture (TRL 4-5 being the component and system validation at lab-scale in a relevant environment) and full oxy-fuel combustion (TRL 4 being the component and system validation at lab-scale in a lab environment). Our review suggests that advancing to TRL 7 (demonstration in plant environment) seems to be a challenge for the industry, representing a major step up from TRL 6. The important attributes that a cement plant must have to be 'carbon-capture ready' for each capture technology selection is evaluated. Common requirements are space around the preheater and precalciner section, access to CO2 transport infrastructure, and a retrofittable preheater tower. Evidence from the electricity generation sector suggests that carbon capture readiness is not always cost-effective. The similar durations of cement-plant renovation and capture-plant construction suggests that synchronizing these two actions may save considerable time and money.

Ibrahim, I, Khatib, T & Mohamed, A 2016, 'Impact of Battery’s Model Accuracy on Size Optimization Process of a Standalone Photovoltaic System', Sustainability, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 894-894.
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This paper presents a comparative study between two proposed size optimization methods based on two battery’s models. Simple and complex battery models are utilized to optimally size a standalone photovoltaic system. Hourly meteorological data are used in this research for a specific site. Results show that by using the complex model of the battery, the cost of the system is reduced by 31%. In addition, by using the complex battery model, the sizes of the PV array and the battery are reduced by 5.6% and 30%, respectively, as compared to the case which is based on the simple battery model. This shows the importance of utilizing accurate battery models in sizing standalone photovoltaic systems.

Iwaniec, DM, Metson, GS & Cordell, D 2016, 'P-FUTURES: towards urban food & water security through collaborative design and impact', Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 20, pp. 1-7.
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© 2016 Elsevier B.V. Phosphorus is essential to food production, but current management practices fail to ensure equitable access to farmers globally and often results in polluted waterways. There is a lack of local and global governance mechanisms to ensure phosphorus is sustainably managed. The P-FUTURES research initiative aims to address this gap by working with stakeholders to explore visions and pathways of social transformation towards food and water security. In the seed phase of the project, academic, civil, industry, and municipal stakeholders interacted as partners in Blantyre (Malawi), Hanoi (Vietnam), Sydney (Australia), and Phoenix (USA) to collaboratively develop a full proposal and build capacity for transformational change. The article offers guidance on the opportunities and challenges of co-developing a research approach and proposal in a transdisciplinary, international setting.

Jacobs, B, Boronyak-Vasco, L, Moyle, K & Leith, P 2016, 'Ensuring Resilience of Natural Resources under Exposure to Extreme Climate Events', Resources, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 20-20.
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Natural resources directly support rural livelihoods and underpin much of the wealth of rural and regional Australia. Climate change manifesting as increasing frequency and or severity of extreme weather events poses a threat to sustainable management of natural resources because the recurrence of events may exceed the resilience of natural systems or the coping capacity of social systems. We report the findings of a series of participatory workshops with communities in eight discrete landscapes in South East New South Wales, Australia. The workshops focused on how natural resource management (NRM) is considered in the Prevent-Prepare-Respond-Recover emergency management cycle. We found that NRM is generally considered only in relation to the protection of life and property and not for the intrinsic value of ecosystem services that support communities. We make three recommendations to improve NRM under extreme climate events. Firstly, the support to communities offered by emergency management agencies could be bolstered by guidance material co-produced with government NR agencies. Secondly, financial assistance from government should specifically target the restoration and maintenance of green infrastructure to avoid loss of social-ecological resilience. Thirdly, action by natural resource dependent communities should be encouraged and supported to better protect ecosystem services in preparation for future extreme events.

Kelly, S, Tyler, P & Crawford-Brown, D 2016, 'Exploring Vulnerability and Interdependency of UK Infrastructure Using Key-Linkages Analysis', Networks and Spatial Economics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 865-892.
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© 2015, The Author(s). It has been argued the UK has experienced significant underinvestment in critical infrastructure over the last two decades. This in turn has resulted in infrastructure that is less capable of assisting the UK economy to grow. This article seeks to undertake an in-depth analysis of the inter-linkages and economic contributions from infrastructure within the UK. It explores the relationship between nine infrastructure sectors and how these sectors contribute to the rest of the UK economy using key-linkage analysis. Each infrastructure sector is shown to be unique in the way it interacts with other economic sectors and in the form of contribution it makes to the economy overall. Infrastructure is found to be a necessary and important part of economic development. The analysis finds that over the last 23 years there has been a decline in the relative economic contribution from infrastructure to UK GVA. Only two infrastructure sectors increased their relative contribution to GVA since 1992. These were the water transport sector and sewerage and sanitary services sector. Railway transport and gas distribution have had the largest relative decline in contribution towards UK GVA with relative contributions decreasing by over 50 % since 1992. The three most important infrastructure sectors contributing to UK GDP are land transport, electricity production and distribution and telecommunications respectively.

Khatib, T, Ibrahim, IA & Mohamed, A 2016, 'A review on sizing methodologies of photovoltaic array and storage battery in a standalone photovoltaic system', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 120, pp. 430-448.
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The reliance of future energy demand on standalone PV system is based on its payback period and particular electrical grid parity prices. This highlights the importance for optimum and applicable methods for sizing these systems. Moreover, the designers are being more sensitive toward simple and reliable sizing models for standalone PV system. This paper proposes a review on important knowledge that needs to be taken into account while designing and implementing standalone PV systems. Such a knowledge includes configurations of standalone photovoltaic system, evaluation criteria for unit sizing, sizing methodologies. Moreover, this review provides highlights on challenges and limitations of standalone PV system size optimization techniques.

Khorshidi, Z, Florin, NH, Ho, MT & Wiley, DE 2016, 'Techno-economic evaluation of co-firing biomass gas with natural gas in existing NGCC plants with and without CO 2 capture', International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 49, pp. 343-363.
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© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants have emission intensities a half to a third that of current coal-fired power plants. To meet more stringent emission targets, it is essential to reduce the emissions of these plants to an even lower level. Co-firing gasified biomass with natural gas (NG) reduces the plant emissions while allowing continued use of existing assets. If CO2 capture and storage are also applied, negative emissions may result which could provide additional CO2 credits to reduce the overall cost of decarbonising electricity generation. This paper investigates the impact of biomass gas quantity and quality on the performance and economics of a 547 MWe NGCC plant retrofitted with biomass gas co-firing. The analysis considers co-firing with and without CO2 capture. Three co-firing levels (5%, 20%, 40%) and three biomass gasification technologies (atmospheric air-blown gasification, pressurized oxygen-blown gasification and atmospheric indirectly heated gasification) are evaluated. Compared to the baseline NGCC power plant, at low co-firing levels, the type of gasification technology does not significantly affect the overall thermal efficiency, CO2 emission intensity or cost of electricity (COE). However, at higher levels of co-firing, the overall thermal efficiency increases by up to 2.5% LHV for the atmospheric air-blown gasifier but decreases by about 0.4% LHV for the pressurized oxygen-blown gasification and 2.5% for atmospheric indirectly heated gasification technologies. The CO2 emission intensity also changes by up to 0.16-0.18 t/MWh at co-firing levels of 40% for all three gasification technologies, while the COE increases by 0.12-0.18 $/MWh. The analysis also shows that the increase in the fuel flow rate is more significant for BGs with lower heating values. The increase in the fuel flow rate can increase the topping cycle efficiency but requires more modifications to the gas turbine. Thus, co-firing BGs ...

Kim, Y, Yun, S, Lee, J & Ko, E 2016, 'How consumer knowledge shapes green consumption: an empirical study on voluntary carbon offsetting', International Journal of Advertising, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 23-41.
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This paper investigates how highly knowledgeable consumers differ from less knowledgeable consumers in their rational and emotional determinants of desire for green consumption, and derive distinct advertising implications for each group. We distinguish consumer knowledge into three categories (knowledge related to the environment, available action, and its effectiveness) and test them as moderating variables. A survey of 256 US consumers revealed that less knowledgeable consumers were driven primarily by their perceived behavioral control, while highly knowledgeable consumers exhibited a distinct influence from positive anticipated emotions on their desire. This distinction was brought upon only within low/high action/effectiveness knowledge groups, but not within low/high environment knowledge. Our findings highlight the importance of raising consumer's system, action-related, and effective knowledge, as well as the need for targeted advertising strategies for consumers with differing knowledge levels in green consumption.

Koenig, A, Dyball, R & Davila, F 2016, 'Transforming the World by Transforming the University: Envisioning the University of 2040', Solutions, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 12-16.

Kohlitz, J, Chong, J & Willetts, J 2016, 'Monitoring the human rights to water and sanitation: an analysis of policy in Pacific island countries', Water Policy, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1436-1453.
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Government monitoring of water and sanitation services is a critical step in realising the human rights to water and sanitation (HRWS). In this study we investigated the national water and sanitation policies of 13 Pacific island countries (PICs) to understand how they envision monitoring the water and sanitation service delivery dimensions put forth by the HRWS framework. In particular, we analysed the policies for fundamental aspects of good monitoring governance and sought to learn how strongly monitoring of each service delivery dimension was represented in the policies. We found that delineation of roles and responsibilities and defined information flows are generally underdeveloped, and that the policies tend to give precedence to monitoring the service delivery dimensions of availability, quality, and sustainability over accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and equality. Donors have considerable influence on which dimensions receive the most emphasis in the policies. If realisation of the HRWS is to be effectively supported in PICs, PIC governments and supporting donors must continue to refine national policy to clarify aspects of good monitoring governance and to be more inclusive of monitoring a wider range of service delivery dimensions.

Liu, A, Giurco, D & Mukheibir, P 2016, 'Urban water conservation through customised water and end-use information', JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 3164-3175.
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© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Water conservation in urban centres is an ongoing challenge in which new technologies can play an important role. Smart water metering in conjunction with end-use analysis enables the collection of more detailed information on household water consumption than was previously possible. This presents a new and currently underexplored opportunity to promote more efficient water use via the provision of detailed customised water-use information to householders. Among the variety of possible approaches, is the option of paper-based reports containing a highly detailed 'snapshot' of household water use. This paper describes a mixed methods study in which customised paper-based 'Home Water Updates' were provided to a group of households in Australia to explore the idea of providing detailed feedback, including detailed end-use consumption information on uses of water within the home. The methods used within this research are described in detail to disseminate experience in this relatively new area of research. Analysis of the post-intervention householder evaluation survey showed the provision of detailed water-use information via the Home Water Updates appealed to the vast majority of householders; and further resulted in changed behaviours (e.g. shorter showers and full washing machine loads) and installations of new infrastructure. These research findings suggest a role for customised household water and end-use information via smart metering. However, more work is required to optimise approaches to enable a significant contribution towards more sustainable urban water management.

Liu, A, Giurco, D, Mukheibir, P & White, S 2016, 'Detailed water-use feedback: A review and proposed framework for program implementation', Utilities Policy, vol. 43, pp. 140-150.
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© 2016 Elsevier Ltd Smart water metering (SWM) introduces new opportunities to engage householders about water use based on detailed information. Water utilities must decide how to embrace these opportunities, but remain hesitant due to limited available experience and knowledge, which risks delaying the benefits of involving householders more fully in SWM and more sustainable water consumption. An implementation framework is developed outlining the key strategic, practical and evaluative elements in decision-making for detailed feedback programs by drawing on the literature and first-hand experiences of two feedback trials involving SWM. Existing approaches are reviewed and recommendations are provided to advance more well-considered approaches and realise benefits regarding sustainable water use.

McLellan, B, Yamasue, E, Tezuka, T, Corder, G, Golev, A & Giurco, D 2016, 'Critical Minerals and Energy–Impacts and Limitations of Moving to Unconventional Resources', Resources, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 19-19.
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The nexus of minerals and energy becomes ever more important as the economic growth and development of countries in the global South accelerates and the needs of new energy technologies expand, while at the same time various important minerals are declining in grade and available reserves from conventional mining. Unconventional resources in the form of deep ocean deposits and urban ores are being widely examined, although exploitation is still limited. This paper examines some of the implications of the transition towards cleaner energy futures in parallel with the shifts through conventional ore decline and the uptake of unconventional mineral resources. Three energy scenarios, each with three levels of uptake of renewable energy, are assessed for the potential of critical minerals to restrict growth under 12 alternative mineral supply patterns. Under steady material intensities per unit of capacity, the study indicates that selenium, indium and tellurium could be barriers in the expansion of thin-film photovoltaics, while neodymium and dysprosium may delay the propagation of wind power. For fuel cells, no restrictions are observed.

Metson, GS, Cordell, D & Ridoutt, B 2016, 'Potential Impact of Dietary Choices on Phosphorus Recycling and Global Phosphorus Footprints: The Case of the Average Australian City', Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 3, pp. 1-7.
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Changes in human diets, population increases, farming practices, and globalized food chains have led to dramatic increases in the demand for phosphorus fertilizers. Long-term food security and water quality are, however, threatened by such increased phosphorus consumption, because the world’s main source, phosphate rock, is an increasingly scarce resource. At the same time, losses of phosphorus from farms and cities have caused widespread water pollution. As one of the major factors contributing to increased phosphorus demand, dietary choices can play a key role in changing our resource consumption pathway. Importantly, the effects of dietary choices on phosphorus management are twofold: First, dietary choices affect a person or region’s “phosphorus footprint” – the magnitude of mined phosphate required to meet food demand. Second, dietary choices affect the magnitude of phosphorus content in human excreta and hence the recycling- and pollution-potential of phosphorus in sanitation systems. When considering options and impacts of interventions at the city scale (e.g., potential for recycling), dietary changes may be undervalued as a solution toward phosphorus sustainability. For example, in an average Australian city, a vegetable-based diet could marginally increase phosphorus in human excreta (an 8% increase). However, such a shift could simultaneously dramatically decrease the mined phosphate required to meet the city resident’s annual food demand by 72%. Taking a multi-scalar perspective is therefore key to fully exploring dietary choices as one of the tools for sustainable phosphorus management.

Mitchell, C, Dangora, L, Bielmeier, C & Sherwood, J 2016, 'Investigation into the changes in bending stiffness of a textile reinforced composite due to in-plane fabric shear: Part 1 – Experiment', Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 85, pp. 94-102.
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Mitchell, C, Dangora, L, Bielmeier, C & Sherwood, J 2016, 'Investigation into the changes in bending stiffness of a textile reinforced composite due to in-plane fabric shear: Part 2 – Numerical analysis', Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 85, pp. 138-147.
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Neset, T-S, Cordell, D, Mohr, S, VanRiper, F & White, S 2016, 'Visualizing Alternative Phosphorus Scenarios for Future Food Security', Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 3, no. 47.
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The impact of global phosphorus scarcity on food security has increasingly been the focus of scientific studies over the past decade. However, systematic analyses of alternative futures for phosphorus supply and demand throughout the food system are still rare and provide limited inclusion of key stakeholders. Addressing global phosphorus scarcity requires an integrated approach exploring potential demand reduction as well as recycling opportunities. This implies recovering phosphorus from multiple sources, such as food waste, manure and excreta, as well as exploring novel opportunities to reduce the long-term demand for phosphorus in food production such as changing diets. Presently, there is a lack of stakeholder and scientific consensus around priority measures. To therefore enable exploration of multiple pathways and facilitate a stakeholder dialogue on the technical, behavioral and institutional changes required to meet long-term future phosphorus demand, this paper introduces an interactive web-based tool, designed for visualizing global phosphorus scenarios in real-time. The interactive global phosphorus scenario tool builds on several demand and supply side measures that can be selected and manipulated interactively by the user. It provides a platform to facilitate stakeholder dialogue to plan for a soft landing and identify a suite of concrete priority options, such as investing in agricultural phosphorus use efficiency, or renewable fertilizers derived from phosphorus recovered from wastewater and food waste, to determine how phosphorus demand to meet future food security could be attained on a global scale in 2040 and 2070. This paper presents four example scenarios, including (1) the potential of full recovery of human excreta, (2) the challenge of a potential increase in non-food phosphorus demand, (3) the potential of a decreased animal product consumption, and (4) the potential decrease in phosphorus demand from increased efficiency and yield gains...

Northey, SA, Mudd, GM, Saarivuori, E, Wessman-Jääskeläinen, H & Haque, N 2016, 'Water footprinting and mining: Where are the limitations and opportunities?', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 135, pp. 1098-1116.
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Prior, J 2016, 'The norms, rules and motivational values driving sustainable remediation of contaminated environments: A study of implementation', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 544, pp. 824-836.
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© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Efforts to achieve sustainability are transforming the norms, rules and values that affect the remediation of contaminated environments. This is altering the ways in which remediation impacts on the total environment. Despite this transformation, few studies have provided systematic insights into the diverse norms and rules that drive the implementation of sustainable remediation at contaminated sites, and no studies have investigated how values motivate compliance with these norms and rules. This study is a systematic analysis of the rules, norms and motivational values embedded in sustainable remediation processes at three sites across Australia, using in-depth interviews conducted with 18 participants between 2011 and 2014, through the application of Crawford and Ostrom's Institutional Grammar and Schwartz's value framework. These approaches offered methods for identifying the rules, norms, and motivational values that guided participants' actions within remediation processes at these sites. The findings identify a core set of 16 norms and 18 rules (sanctions) used by participants to implement sustainable remediation at the sites. These norms and rules: define the position of participants within the process, provide means for incorporating sustainability into established remediation practices, and define the scope of outcomes that constitute sustainable remediation. The findings revealed that motivational values focused on public interest and self-interest influenced participants' compliance with norms and rules. The findings also found strong interdependence between the norms and rules (sanctions) within the remediation processes and the normative principles operating within the broader domain of environmental management and planning. The paper concludes with a discussion of: the system of norms operating within sustainable remediation (which far exceed those associated with ESD); their link, through rules (sanctions) to contemp...

Prior, J & Crofts, P 2016, 'Shooting up illicit drugs with God and the State: the legal-spatial constitution of Sydney's Medically Supervised Injecting Centre as a sanctuary', GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 313-323.
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© 2015 Institute of Australian Geographers In 1999, the Uniting Church opened a Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC) at the Wayside Chapel in the inner Sydney suburb of Kings Cross. The Uniting Church justified this overt act of civil disobedience against the State's prohibitionist model of drug usage by invoking the ancient right of sanctuary. This invocation sought to produce a specific sort of spatialisation wherein the meaning of the line constituting sanctuary effects a protected ‘inside’ governed by God's word – civitas dei – ‘outside’ the jurisdiction of state power in civitas terrena. Sanctuary claims a territory exempt from other jurisdictions. The modern assertion of sanctuary enacts in physical space the relationship between state and religious authorities and the integration and intersections of civitas terrena and civitas dei. This article draws upon conceptions of sanctuary at the intersection of the Catholic Christianity tradition and the State since medieval times to analyse the contemporary space of sanctuary in the MSIC, exploring the shifting and ambiguous boundaries in material, legislative, and symbolic spaces. We argue that even though the MSIC has now been incorporated into civitas terrena, it remains and enacts a space of sanctuary.

Riedy, C 2016, 'Interior transformation on the pathway to a viable future', Journal of Futures Studies, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 35-54.
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A common response to the global sustainability crisis is to argue that human values and culture need to transform. However, the nature of this interior transformation is rarely explored in any detail. Instead, transformation is held up uncritically as the saviour that can get us out of trouble. In this paper, I apply a personal causal layered analysis (CLA) to tease out the dimensions of interior transformation for a viable future in more detail. The analysis draws out competing narratives of interior transformation and explores the potential of these narratives to facilitate transformation of values and consciousness. A story of a thriving Earth emerges as a key cultural resource for interior transformation.

Rosenqvist, T, Mitchell, C & Willetts, J 2016, 'A short history of how we think and talk about sanitation services and why it matters', JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 298-312.
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© IWA Publishing 2016. How we think and talk about sanitation services has changed. The very notion of a sanitation service has been transformed from one focused on technology to one focused on the sustainability of the wider sanitation system. This paper explores the transformation from technology to system by drawing from a review of more than 200 pieces of literature published between 1970 and 2015. Seven prevalent perspectives on sanitation service provision are introduced: sanitation services as a basic human need; increasing service coverage through appropriate technology; the emergence of community-participation and community-management; an interest in private-sector participation; the sanitation crisis being viewed as a crisis of governance; sanitation considered inherently political and the current focus on sustainable sanitation systems. These seven perspectives form a useful conceptual frame, which may guide the thinking of sanitation practitioners, policy-makers and academics as they begin to consider how to meet the water and sanitation Sustainable Development Goal by 2030. In this paper, four examples of how the conceptual frame might be used to support thinking are provided.

Rowe, H, Withers, PJA, Baas, P, Chan, NI, Doody, D, Holiman, J, Jacobs, B, Li, H, MacDonald, GK, McDowell, R, Sharpley, AN, Shen, J, Taheri, W, Wallenstein, M & Weintraub, MN 2016, 'Integrating legacy soil phosphorus into sustainable nutrient management strategies for future food, bioenergy and water security', Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 393-412.
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© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Legacy phosphorus (P) that has accumulated in soils from past inputs of fertilizers and manures is a large secondary global source of P that could substitute manufactured fertilizers, help preserve critical reserves of finite phosphate rock to ensure future food and bioenergy supply, and gradually improve water quality. We explore the issues and management options to better utilize legacy soil P and conclude that it represents a valuable and largely accessible P resource. The future value and period over which legacy soil P can be accessed depends on the amount present and its distribution, its availability to crops and rates of drawdown determined by the cropping system. Full exploitation of legacy P requires a transition to a more holistic system approach to nutrient management based on technological advances in precision farming, plant breeding and microbial engineering together with a greater reliance on recovered and recycled P. We propose the term ‘agro-engineering’ to encompass this integrated approach. Smaller targeted applications of fertilizer P may still be needed to optimize crop yields where legacy soil P cannot fully meet crop demands. Farm profitability margins, the need to recycle animal manures and the extent of local eutrophication problems will dictate when, where and how quickly legacy P is best exploited. Based on our analysis, we outline the stages and drivers in a transition to the full utilization of legacy soil P as part of more sustainable regional and global nutrient management.

Smyth, L, Davila, F, Sloan, T, Rykers, E, Backwell, S & Jones, SB 2016, 'How science really works: the student experience of research-led education', Higher Education, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 191-207.
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Turner, A, Mukheibir, P, Mitchell, C, Chong, J, Retamal, M, Murta, J, Carrard, N & Delaney, C 2016, 'Recycled water – lessons from Australia on dealing with risk and uncertainty', Water Practice and Technology, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 127-138.
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Much can be learned from the numerous water recycling schemes currently in operation in Australia, especially with respect to making investment decisions based on uncertain assumptions. This paper illustrates through a number of case studies, that by considering the contextual and project related risks, a range of business related risks become apparent. Shifts in the contextual landscape and the various players’ objectives can occur over the life of a project, often leading to unforeseen risk and uncertainty. Through a thorough consideration of the potential risks presented in this paper, proponents as well as owners and managers might make better recycled water investment decisions, enhancing the benefits and minimizing the costs of water recycling schemes. This paper presents an overview and discussion of seven key factors to consider when planning a recycling scheme.

Turner, A, Sahin, O, Giurco, D, Stewart, R & Porter, M 2016, 'The potential role of desalination in managing flood risks from dam overflows: the case of Sydney, Australia', JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, vol. 135, pp. 342-355.
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Shifting climate patterns are causing extreme drought and flooding across the globe. This combined with the world's burgeoning population and insatiable thirst for water requires water service providers to think differently about the limited resources they manage. In Australia, the severe drought at the beginning of the century caused dams to fall to record levels. In response, many state governments invested heavily in rain-independent supplies such as desalination to augment and diversify traditional sources. However, extreme rainfall soon followed the drought, filled reservoirs and caused flooding in many locations leaving billions of dollars worth of damage and new water infrastructure standing idle. This is the case in Sydney, where the new desalination plant is still not used and the potential for major flooding has raised concerns over the safety of the large population downstream of the dam. This paper explores the growing need to understand the relationship between drought, flooding and infrastructure optimisation. The paper focuses on Sydney to illustrate the application of a system dynamics model. The new model explores options for raising the dam wall, offering airspace to assist flood protection, in contrast to options to lower the dam full supply level and utilise idle desalination capacity to fill the water security gap created. The illustrative results, using publicly available data, find that by lowering the dam water levels and operating desalination, significant flood protection can be achieved at a similar cost to raising the dam wall. The paper demonstrates the importance of optimising existing and new water resources for multiple purposes and how system dynamics modelling can assist water service providers in these complex investigations.

Wang, J, Mohr, S, Feng, L, Liu, H & Tverberg, GE 2016, 'Analysis of resource potential for China’s unconventional gas and forecast for its long-term production growth', Energy Policy, vol. 88, pp. 389-401.
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© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. China is vigorously promoting the development of its unconventional gas resources because natural gas is viewed as a lower-carbon energy source and because China has relatively little conventional natural gas supply. In this paper, we first evaluate how much unconventional gas might be available based on an analysis of technically recoverable resources for three types of unconventional gas resources: shale gas, coalbed methane and tight gas. We then develop three alternative scenarios of how this extraction might proceed, using the Geologic Resources Supply Demand Model. Based on our analysis, the medium scenario, which we would consider to be our best estimate, shows a resource peak of 176.1 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2068. Depending on economic conditions and advance in extraction techniques, production could vary greatly from this. If economic conditions are adverse, unconventional natural gas production could perhaps be as low as 70.1 bcm, peaking in 2021. Under the extremely optimistic assumption that all of the resources that appear to be technologically available can actually be recovered, unconventional production could amount to as much as 469.7 bcm, with peak production in 2069. Even if this high scenario is achieved, China's total gas production will only be sufficient to meet China's lowest demand forecast. If production instead matches our best estimate, significant amounts of natural gas imports are likely to be needed.

Ward, JD, Sutton, PC, Werner, AD, Costanza, R, Mohr, SH & Simmons, CT 2016, 'Is Decoupling GDP Growth from Environmental Impact Possible?', PLOS ONE, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. e0164733-e0164733.
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© 2016 Ward et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The argument that human society can decouple economic growth-defined as growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)-from growth in environmental impacts is appealing. If such decoupling is possible, it means that GDP growth is a sustainable societal goal. Here we show that the decoupling concept can be interpreted using an easily understood model of economic growth and environmental impact. The simple model is compared to historical data and modelled projections to demonstrate that growth in GDP ultimately cannot be decoupled from growth in material and energy use. It is therefore misleading to develop growth-oriented policy around the expectation that decoupling is possible. We also note that GDP is increasingly seen as a poor proxy for societal wellbeing. GDP growth is therefore a questionable societal goal. Society can sustainably improve wellbeing, including the wellbeing of its natural assets, but only by discarding GDP growth as the goal in favor of more comprehensive measures of societal wellbeing.

Watson, R, Fane, S & Mitchell, C 2016, 'The Critical Role of Impact Distribution for Local Recycled Water Systems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER GOVERNANCE, vol. 4, no. 4:12, pp. 5-21.
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Small-scale or local recycled water systems are increasingly being installed in urban centers in Australia, and throughout the world. These (often private) systems are in building basements, parks, on industrial sites and within small communities that are already serviced by existing public centralized water and wastewater networks. A consistent and fair assessment of the value of such local recycling systems, particularly in relation to centralized extension, augmentation and replacement, has proved to be problematic. This paper reveals why. It suggests that the traditional characterization of impacts into social, environmental, economic and at times technical groupings misses a key aspect in understanding the relative costs, benefits and risks of these systems: their distribution across the wide range of stakeholder groups. This paper proposes that accounting for the distribution of impacts is critical for assessments that include options of different scales and different levels of responsibility as there is a significant difference in the impact distribution between conventional urban water services and small-scale, local recycled water systems. This will help practitioners better understand the consequences of varying the impact distribution, particularly when moving from substantially public responsibility and ownership of assets to a mix of public and private responsibility and ownership.

Winterford, K 2016, 'A positive notion of power for citizen voice and state accountability', Development in Practice, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 696-705.
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This article explores the notion of power within citizen–state relations. A positive notion of power is presented as an addition to evolving development discourse which has predominantly defined power as a finite resource transferred from state to citizen in a process of ‘‘changing the balance of power’’. A positive notion of power is concerned with maximising and connecting citizen power and affirming state power, for synergistic change. The article draws on development discourse and practical examples to outline a positive notion of power, prioritising relational dialogue and joint citizen state action for development outcomes.

Abeysuriya, KR, Wedahuditama, F, Chong, J & Willetts, J 1970, 'Strengthening local government governance for long-term sanitation service delivery', WASH Futures Conference, Brisbane.

Al-Zubaydi, AYT, Hong, G & Dartnall, WJ 1970, 'CFD Modelling and Analysis of Different Designs Plate Heat Exchangers', Proceedings of the 10th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 145-152.
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The indirect evaporative cooling system and heat recovery system utilize the return (secondary) air to condition the fresh (primary) air by means of air-to-air heat exchange between the two streams. The temperature difference between the primary and secondary air streams in indirect evaporative cooling system is relatively small. Therefore, efficient heat exchangers should be used since they play a major role in the overall system performance and economics. The parallel plate type heat exchangers have been widely adopted in Indirect Evaporative Cooling (IEC) systems due to their high efficiency in operating at small temperature difference. In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of different designs of counter flow aluminium plate type heat exchanger and results of CFD analysis of pressure drop, flow velocity and thermal effectiveness. For improving the heat transfer between the plates and minimizing the energy loss, the analysis proves useful in the optimization method for selecting parameters of the plate heat exchangers.

Browning, G, Northey, S, Haque, N, Bruckard, W & Cooksey, M 1970, 'Life cycle assessment of rare earth production from monazite', TMS Annual Meeting, pp. 83-88.
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The environmental life cycle impacts of conceptual rare earth production processes were assessed. An average greenhouse gas emission of 65.4 kg CO2e/kg was estimated for the 15 rare earths produced from monazite, ranging from 21.3 kg CO2e/kg for europium to 197.9 kg CO2e/kg for yttrium. The average water consumption of rare earth production was 11,170 kg/kg ranging from 3,803 kg/kg for samarium and gadolinium to 29,902 kg/kg for yttrium. The average gross energy requirement for production was 917 MJ/kg, ranging from 311 MJ/kg for samarium and gadolinium to 3,401 MJ/kg for yttrium. Given the low concentration of HREE in monazite, the high impacts across all categories for yttrium and other HREE are not necessarily representative of HREE sourced from all rare earth resources. Further studies into other rare earth mineral resources (e.g. bastnasite and xenotime) are recommended to improve the overall understanding of environmental impacts from rare earth production.

Carrard, N, Grant, M, Willetts, JR, Bui Ha, L, Nghiem, T, Thu Ha, N & Tran, N 1970, 'Are poor households connecting? Private water enterprises in rural Viet Nam', WASH Futures International Conference, WASH Futures: Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Conference 2016, Brisbane.

Chong, J, Abeysuriya, K, Hidayat, L, Sulistio, H & Willetts, J 1970, 'Strengthening Local Governance Arrangements for Sanitation: Case Studies of Small Cities in Indonesia', Aquatic Procedia, Annual World Water Week (WWW), Elsevier BV, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 64-73.
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Local governments in Indonesia have the primary responsibility for delivering sanitation (wastewater) services. However, in large part due to governance factors, local governments invest little in sanitation services and delivery of services is weak. This research adopted a participatory, case study approach to investigate governance and institutional arrangements for planning, budgeting and implementing sanitation services in small cities and towns in Sumatra, Indonesia. The research focused on the effectiveness of city/regency planning for sanitation, the effectiveness of pokja sanitasi (sanitation committees), the links between planning and investment, and local government roles and responsibilities. This paper presents the findings of three case studies. Barriers to effective delivery of sanitation services include: prescriptive local budgeting and approval systems; lack of local government ownership of assets; and policy, funding and technical arrangements that are biased against strategic delivery.

Chong, J, Abeysuriya, K, Hidayat, L, Sulistio, H, Suartana, N, Ross, K & Willetts, J 1970, 'Strengthening institutional and governance arrangements for small city sanitation, Indonesia', Stockholm World Water Week 2016, Stockholm, Sweden.

Chong, J, Grant, ML, Murta, J, Kome, A & Willetts, J 1970, 'Improving urban sanitation services through smart enforcement and compliance', Stockholm Water Week, Stockholm.

Cordell, DJ 1970, 'The future of nutrient cycles', Future of Anthroposphere 2016 Outlook Conference, Macquarie University, Sydney.

Cordell, DJ 1970, 'Towards Global Phosphorus Security Through Nutrient Reuse', Waste not, want not: The Circular Economy to Food Security, Canberra.

Dartnall, WJOHN, Reizes, JOHNA & Hong, G 1970, 'What is Heat Transfer at its most Fundamental Level? Using simple Molecular Dynamic Simulations to gain an Understanding at the Conceptual Level', 10th Australasian Heat & Mass Transfer Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane.
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Molecular motion is often at the heart of heat transfer. Molecular dynamic (MD) modelling is becoming a valuable tool in both gaining an understanding of heat transfer processes and in evaluating heat transfer situations. This paper presents some simple models employing MD simulations based on Newtonian mechanics that show potential in the teaching of heat transfer at the conceptual level and that introduce engineers and scientists to the relatively new tool of Molecular Dynamic Simulation.

Foster, T 1970, 'Business Models for Rural Water Sustainability', 7th Rural Water Supply Network Forum, 7th Rural Water Supply Network Forum, Abidjan.

Foster, T & Hope, R 1970, 'Predictors, Patterns & Implications of Waterpoint Financial Performance in Rural Kenya', WASH Futures International Conference, WASH Futures International Conference.

Foster, T, McSorley, B & Willetts, J 1970, 'Preliminary results from an evaluation of the Blue Pump in Turkana, Kenya', 7 th RWSN Forum “Water for Everyone”, Rural Water Supply Network Forum (RWSN), RWSN, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
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This paper presents the preliminary results of an evaluation of the Blue Pump in Turkana County, Kenya. Field work was carried out at 142 waterpoints to comparatively assess the operational performance and water user experiences for the Blue Pump. In order to appraise the broader factors affecting the suitability and sustainability of the Blue Pump, a group of key stakeholders was also convened to apply the Technology Applicability Framework. While 1 in 3 Blue Pumps in Turkana was found to be nonfunctional, breakdowns were less frequent than for the India Mark II and Afridev. Users of the Blue Pump were more satisfied with the reliability of their water service than those using other handpump types, but the difficulty of operation was a prominent complaint. In the Turkana context, the Blue Pump appears to be a more reliable handpump than the India Mark II and Afridev, bearing in mind its higher upfront cost. However, its full value will only be realised if coupled with effective and sustainable maintenance arrangements for which users are willing and able to pay.

Gettu, R, Prakasan, S, Patel, A, Rathi, V, Nagrath, K, Palaniappan, S & Maity, S 1970, 'PROCESS MAPPING AND PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF LIFE CYCLE IMPACT IN INDIAN CEMENT PLANTS', EXPANDING BOUNDARIES: SYSTEMS THINKING IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, Sustainable Built Environment (SBE) Regional Conference, VDF HOCHSCHULVERLAG AG AN DER ETH ZURICH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND, pp. 430-435.

Grant, M & Willetts, J 1970, 'Basins to Boreholes: Water security and WASH monitoring – opportunities and challenges', World Water Week, World Water Week, http://www.worldwaterweek.org/, Stockholm.

Grant, M, Murta, J & Powell, B 1970, 'Effective Communication for Maximum Impact: How do CSOs Learn?', WASH Futures International Conference, WASH Futures International Conference.

Heslop, E 1970, 'Water Fluoridation in NSW: Behind the Scenes', Ozwater’16, Melbourne, Australia.

Kelly, Rutovitz, J, Langham, E & McIntosh, L 1970, 'The network value of distributed generation', Australian Utility Week 2016, Australian Utility Week 2016, Sydney.

Kelly, S & Reynolds, J 1970, 'Unhedgeable Risk: How climate change sentiment impacts investment', Central Banking, Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability, Bank of England, London, UK.

Kohlitz, J, Chong, J & Willetts, JR 1970, 'Monitoring human rights to water and sanitation in Pacific islands', WASH Futures International Conference.

Madden, B, Florin, N & Giurco, D 1970, 'Assessment of waste to energy as a resource recovery intervention using system dynamics: A case study of New South Wales, Australia', Life Cycle Assessment and Other Assessment Tools For Waste Management and Resource Optimisation, Life Cycle Assessment and Other Assessment Tools For Waste Management and Resource Optimisation, Grand Hotel San Michele.
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Driven by an increasing population, affluence and economic activity, waste—an almost inevitable by-product of modern production and consumption—is being generated at a rate that is growing exponentially with time in Australia. Despite the global maturity of waste to energy technology as a waste valorisation process, it is yet to be applied at scale in Australia, which has traditionally relied on landfill disposal, and more recently recycling, for the management of waste. Recent policy frameworks implemented have enabled the uptake of waste to energy in parts of Australia to divert waste from landfill, while offsetting non-renewable energy sources in the transition to a low-carbon energy landscape. However, recent policy dictates that higher order waste valorisation processes such as re-use and recycling, must not be undermined by energy recovery processes.In this paper, we present initial findings from a system dynamics model, developed to assess interventions to improve resource recovery in a multi-stream (municipal, construction and commercial) waste system specific to New South Wales. The system under investigation is characterised by causal feedback processes between waste generation, valorisation processes, and waste management policies, making it ideal for study using a system dynamics approach, and offers benefits in terms of greater understanding of the system processes over more typical mechanistic approaches [1]. System dynamics modelling has been used in the study of sustainable waste management, and waste management planning (see [2], [3], and [4]), and has yet to be applied in the context of waste to energy in Australia. Using socioeconomic and waste management data as inputs, projected waste generation and recycling rates under reference conditions are compared to scenarios with waste to energy intervention, to estimate the potential of energy recovery in achieving local waste management targets. Several scenarios are modelled with varia...

Memary, R, Giurco, D & Agarwal, R 1970, 'Life Cycle Assessment: Environmental Sustainability or Only Environmental Impacts in Case of Resources?', 14th ANZAM Operations, Supply Chain and Services Management Symposium titled “Making a difference in a changing world through collaboration, creativity and innovation”, Sydney.

Mitchell, C, Abeysuriya, K & Ross, KE 1970, 'The next generation beyond faecal sludge management: seeing the donut and the (w)hole.', Water Sanitation and Hygiene Conference 2016, Brisbane.

Miyake, S, Mizgajski, JT, Bargiel, D, Wowra, K & Schebek, L 1970, 'Biodiversity and socio-economic implications of the use of abandoned agricultural land for future biomass production in central and Eastern Europe (CEE)', European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, pp. 1422-1430.
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Land use change (LUC) effects from biomass production have emerged as an important area of global bioeconomy policy and research. The use of ‘underutilised agricultural land’, including ‘abandoned agricultural land’ is one of the most important solutions to minimise the LUC effects resulting from biomass production, such as indirect land use change (iLUC). Agricultural land abandonment in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is largely associated with dysfunctional agricultural and land reforms, and political and institutional issues following the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. The agricultural reactivation on these lands for biomass production can create economic opportunities for rural regions in CEE. However, the environmental implications, especially for biodiversity, are highly controversial. The goal of this research is to evaluate the trade-offs between the socio-economic and biodiversity effects of land use change scenarios that include biomass production on these lands. Prior to the evaluation, (i) a literature review was undertaken to better understand the biodiversity implications of land abonnement in the CEE context, (ii) a land-cover map was generated from the latest Sentinel-2A satellite images, and (iii) four land use change scenarios were developed for a rural region in northeast Poland.

Murta, J, Keatman, T, Gosling, L, Carrard, N, Neumeyer, H, Murta, J, Roaf, V & Adam, A 1970, 'Achieving universal and equitable access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for all – practitioner perspectives and perceptions', Proceedings of the 7th RWSN Forum “Water for All”, Rural Water Supply Network Forum (RWSN), RWSN, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
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Peterseim, JH, Viscuso, L, Hellwig, U & McIntyre, P 1970, 'Large capacity, multi-fuel, and high temperature working fluid heaters to optimize CSP plant cost, complexity and annual generation', AIP Conference Proceedings, SOLARPACES 2015: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, Author(s), Florida, USA, pp. 060003-060003.
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© 2016 Author(s).This paper analyses the potential to optimize high temperature fluid back-up systems for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants by investigating the cost impact of component capacity and the impact of using multiple fuels on annual generation. Until now back-up heaters have been limited to 20MWth capacity but larger units have been realised in other industries. Installing larger units yields economy-of-scale benefits through improved manufacturing, optimised transport, and minimized on-site installation work. Halving the number of back-up boilers can yield cost reduction of 23% while minimizing plant complexity and on-site construction risk. However, to achieve these benefits it is important to adapt the back-up heaters to the plant's requirements (load change, capacity, minimum load, etc.) and design for manufacture, transport and assembly. Despite the fact that biomass availability is decreasing with increasing direct normal irradiance (DNI), some biomass is available in areas suitable for CSP plants. The use of these biomass resources is beneficial to maximise annual renewable energy generation, substitute natural gas, and use locally/seasonally available biomass resources that may not be used otherwise. Even small biomass quantities of only 50,000 t/a can increase the capacity factor of a 50MWe parabolic trough plant with 7h thermal energy storage from 40 to 49%. This is a valuable increase and such a concept is suitable for new plants and retrofit applications. However, similar to the capacity optimisation of back-up heaters, various design criteria have to be considered to ensure a successful project.

Peterseim, JH, White, S & Hellwig, U 1970, 'Novel Solar Tower Structure To Lower Plant Cost And Construction Risk', SOLARPACES 2015: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER AND CHEMICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS, SolarPACES International Conference, American Institute of Physics, Cape Town, South Africa.
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© 2016 Author(s).In recent times the interest in solar tower power plants is increasing with various plants being built in the last years and currently under construction, e.g. Ivanpah and Crescent Dunes in the US and Khi Solar One in South Africa. The higher cycle efficiency leads to lower levelised cost of electricity. However, further cost reductions are required and this paper compares a novel and patented solar tower structure with a conventional concrete tower. The novel solar tower design is cable-stayed which has the benefit that the cables absorb a large part of the wind and buckling loads. A tower that has to cope with fewer wind and buckling forces can have a significantly smaller diameter than a concrete tower, which enables workshop manufacture, sea and road transport, and rapid on-site installation. The case study provided in this paper finds that the tower area affected by wind can be reduced by up to 45%, installation time shortened by up to 66%, and tower cost by 20-40%. The novel design allows the construction and transport of the solar tower in few large modules, which are pre-manufactured including piping, cables, platform, ladders etc. The few modules can be assembled and installed rapidly not only lowering plant cost and construction time but also project risk.

Ross, K, Abeysuriya, K & Mitchell, C 1970, 'Developing principle-based indicators for the SDGs: A sanitation case study', 3rd Annual International Conference on Sustainable Development, Annual International Conference on Sustainable Development, New York City.

Ruoso, L, Plant, R, Jacobs, B & Maurel, P 1970, 'Farmers’ place identity and decision-making in a changing peri-urban environment: A case study of Wollondilly Shire Council, Western Sydney, Australia', 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management: Transitioning: toward sustainable relationships in a different world, Houghton, USA.

Sukura, B, Agarwal, R & Giurco, D 1970, 'Interdisciplinary telehealth care collaboration – a literature review', 16th Global Conference on Flexible Systems Management titled “The Future of Manufacturing: Global Value Chains, Smart Specialisation and Flexibility”, Global Conference on Flexible Systems Management, Sydney.

Talwar, S 1970, 'Participant at the UNCRD 7th Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific', Adelaide, Australia.

Willetts, J, Carrard, N, Grant, M & Murta, J 1970, 'Developing successful enterprises', Water and WASH Futures Conference, Brisbane.

Willetts, J, Carrard, N, Grant, M & Murta, J 1970, 'Enabling equity in rural water supply – Vietnam case study', Water and WASH Futures Conference, Brisbane.

Willetts, J, Carrard, N, Grant, M & Murta, J 1970, 'Private and social enterprise in water and sanitation service delivery', Water and WASH Futures Conference, Brisbane.

Willetts, JR, Chong, J, Carrard, N, Kohlitz, J & Grant, M 1970, 'Water security and the SDGs: Implications for WASH sector monitoring', WASH Futures Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conference 2016, WASH Futures Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conference 2016, Brisbane.

Winterford, K 1970, 'A positive notion of power for citizen voice and state accountability', Development in Practice, ACFID University Network Conference, Sydney, Australia, pp. 696-705.
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This article explores the notion of power within citizen–state relations. A positive notion of power is presented as an addition to evolving development discourse which has predominantly defined power as a finite resource transferred from state to citizen in a process of ‘‘changing the balance of power’’. A positive notion of power is concerned with maximising and connecting citizen power and affirming state power, for synergistic change. The article draws on development discourse and practical examples to outline a positive notion of power, prioritising relational dialogue and joint citizen state action for development outcomes.

Wyndham, J, James, G, McIntosh, L & Alexander, D 1970, 'Network Services from Distributed Solar PV and Inverters', Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Solar Research Conference 2016, Australia Pacific Solar Research Conference, Australian PV Institute, Australian National University, pp. 1-10.
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Networks Renewed is a major new project funded by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) that aims to demonstrate how solar PV, battery storage and inverters can support distribution networks in managing power quality. The path to implementation will be established by two commercial-scale demonstrations of controlled solar PV and energy storage in the regional Mid North Coast of NSW, and suburban Melbourne in Victoria. At the time of this conference the deployment of inverters and control technologies will have commenced towards pilot-scale demonstrations to test candidate control algorithms, several of which have been published in the engineering literature. These will develop into market-scale demonstrations to achieve useful power quality improvements on selected network segments, and also market trading revenues, should these materially improve the financial returns to customers from inverter control.

Abeysuriya, KR, Kome, A, Carrard, N, Mukheibir, P & Willetts, J SNV and ISF 2016, Are we doing the right thing? Critical questioning for city sanitation planning.
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Our aim is to provoke practitioners, policy makers and development agencies to reflect on their approaches to city sanitation planning and the assumptions that underlie them. The document is not intended as a critique, and it does not recommend a particular planning approach. Nor does it add to existing stocks of guidance materials on how to develop sanitation plans (e.g. Sanitation 21, WHO Sanitation Safety Planning Guide 2015, Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation Planning (CLUES), guidance for City Sanitation Strategies (SSK) in Indonesia and City Sanitation Plans (CSPs) in India etc). Rather, our premise is that raising awareness of underlying assumptions in sanitation planning may lead to better targeted approaches to sanitation planning, if and when those assumptions are shown not to match realities.

Clark, K & Willetts, J 2016, Evaluation of the Bobonaro Open Defecation Free Initiative in Sanitaton.

Davila, F, Sloan, T & van Kerkhoff, L Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 2016, Knowledge Systems and RAPID Framework for Impact Assessments, ACIAR Impact Assessment Series, no. IAS92, pp. 1-110, Canberra.

Delaney, C, Jacobs, B & Gold, A 2016, Greening the Goods Line.

Downes, J & Cordell, D 2016, Food Waste at Festivals & Markets: Background Research.

Downes, J & Cordell, D 2016, Food waste at festivals: Pyrmont Festival pilot, Sydney.

Dunstan, C, Fattal, A, James, G & Teske, S Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Towards 100% Renewable Energy for Kangaroo Island, pp. 1-73, Sydney, Australia.

Fattal, AR, Kelly, S, Liu, A & Giurco, D Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Waste Fires in Australia: Cause for Concern?, pp. 1-33, Sydney.

Foster, T Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship 2016, Water and sanitation microfinance operations in India: An assessment of challenges and determinants of success, Oxford.

Foster, T & McSorley, B Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, An Evaluation of the BluePump in Kenya and The Gambia, Sydney, Australia.
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This report presents the results of an evaluation of the Fairwater BluePump, an emergingrural water supply technology in sub-Saharan Africa. Claims about the BluePump’sdurability and minimal maintenance requirements have provoked significant interest withinthe rural water sector. This evaluation set out to assess the suitability of the BluePump asa rural water supply technology, taking into account its operational performance, theexperiences of water users, the views of local stakeholders, and the broader contextualfactors that impinge upon its sustainability.

Fried, L, Shukla, S, Sawyer, S & Teske, S 2016, Global Wind Outlook 2016, pp. 1-44.

Grant, M, Carrard, N, Madden, B, Willetts, J, Dominish, E, Bui, L & Nghiem, T UTS 2016, Access to piped water services from Private Water Enterprises in Rural Viet NamEnterprise in WASH – Research Report 7, Sydney.

Grant, M, Huggett, C, Willetts, J & Wilbur, J Australian Water Partnership 2016, Gender and SDG 6: The Critical Connection. A Framing Paper developed for the High Level Panel on Water, Sydney, Australia.

Grant, ML, Murta, J, Willetts, J & Carrard, N CS WASH Fund: Palladium 2016, Civil Society Organisations’ Learning for Impact in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programming, Brisbane Australia.

Harman, BP, Rylance, K, Brown, PR, Cunningham, R, Jacobs, B & Measham, T CSIRO 2016, Engaging local communities in climate adaptation: a social network perspective from Orange Valley, New South Wales, Australia, Australia.

Heslop, E Report for Solomon Islands Water Authority and Hunter H2O Holdings Pty Ltd. 2016, Social and Consumer Assessment, Honiara, Solomon Islands, Australia.

Jazbec, M, Florin, N & Giurco, D ISF 2016, Waste diversion strategies for the City of Playford, Institute for Sustainable Futures.

Kelly, Asante, S, Jung, JCD, Kesaite, V & Woo, G Centre for Risk Studies; University of Cambridge 2016, A Risk Analysis Retrospective on the 2015 Paris Attacks, Cambridge Risk Framework series, no. Working Paper 2016:1, pp. 1-11.
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In today’s world we are threatened by failed states that foster terrorism. The Middle East is going through a transformation that will play out for another generation to come. Such change is unlikely to be at a low cost. In fact, the west is already seeing its repercussions. The aims of this paper are twofold. First, to assess the short term economic impact on the French economy using the share price index. Second, to analyse the medium to long term effects on the French and global economies. One of the key findings that emerged from this study is that in the short run markets tend to remain resilient to negative shocks whilst in the long run the cost (GDP@Risk) amounts to $12billion for France and $22 billion for the global economy.

Kelly, Leverett, E, Oughton, EJ, Copic, J, Thacker, S, Pant, R, Pryor, L, Kassara, G, Evan, T, Ruffle, SJ, Tuveson, M, Coburn, AW, Ralph, D & Hall, JW Centre for Risk Studies, University of Cambridge. 2016, Integrated Infrastructure: Cyber Resiliency in Society, Mapping the Consequences of an Interconnected Digital Economy, Cambridge Risk Framework series, pp. 1-53.

Kelly, S 2016, Unhedgeable Risk: How climate change sentiment impacts investment.

Kelly, S, Lewis, H, Atherton, A, Downes, J, Wyndham, J & Giurco, D 2016, Packaging Sustainability in Consumer Companies in Emerging Markets: Final Report.

Kelly, S, Rutovitz, J, Langham, E & McIntosh, L Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, An Economic Impact Analysis of Local Generation Network Credits in New South Wales, pp. 1-77, Sydney, Australia.

Kome, A, Ross, K, Carrard, N, Willetts, J, Mills, F, Abeysuriya, KR & Murta, J SNV and ISF 2016, Exploring legal and policy aspects of urban sanitation and hygiene.
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During 2012-2014, SNV did four country reviews of legal arrangements for urban sanitation and hygiene (Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Indonesia).Based on this experience, this document was developed to provide guidance on how to undertake a legal scan for urban sanitation.Over time, the ultimate objective of this work and related activities is that WASH professionals will be able to undertake a high-level assessment of legal arrangements for urban sanitation in order to both:1. use the frameworks and tools offered by legal and policy arrangements to improve urban sanitation and hygiene outcomes; and2. advocate for improvements in legal, policy and institutional arrangements to facilitate sustainable sanitation and hygiene outcomes for all.

Kome, A, Ross, KE, Carrard, N, Willetts, J, Mills, F, Abeysuriya, K & Murta, J 2016, Learning Brief: Exploring legal and policy aspects of urban sanitation and hygiene, Sydney, Australia.

Langham, E, Rutovitz, J & McIntosh, L Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Towards a method to calculate a local network credit, pp. 1-40, Sydney, Australia.

Leahy, C, Winterford, K, Kelleher, J, Leong, L, Nghiem, T, Hoa, NQ & Willetts, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS. 2016, From practical to strategic changes: Strengthening gender in WASH. Final research report, pp. 1-54, Sydney, Australia.

Madden, B & Downes, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Increasing commercial food waste collection services—literature review of Australian and international initiatives, Sydney, Australia.
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The NSW Organics Infrastructure Fund has various waste programs focused on waste avoidance, local government household organics collections, organics processing, and markets for processed, source-separated organics. One of the program, Bin Trim, supports small to medium sized enterprises to monitor, reduce and manage waste including organic food waste. However there is currently a lack of collection services for source separated, commercial food waste. The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is investigating options for incentivising commercial food-only collection services. To complement separate research on the barriers to the establishment and expansion of commercial food waste collections in NSW, the EPA commissioned ISF to undertake a literature review of Australian and international initiatives that have sought to provide incentives to increase commercial food waste collection services. The review identified a number of government funded initiatives in other states, particularly SA, as well as examples by the UK Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP). A review of the United States, and academic literature did not yield relevant examples. In these contexts the focus remains on household food waste collection.

McIntosh, L, Langham, E, Rutovitz, J & Atherton, A Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Methodology for calculating a local network credit, pp. 1-58, Sydney, Australia.

Mitchell, C & Ross, K 2016, Findings and Recommendations. A synthesis for key stakeholders community scale sanitation in Indonesia..

Mitchell, C & Ross, K 2016, Governance of local scale sanitation: How to design governance for lasting service? Guidance Material: Introduction.

Mitchell, C, Abeysuriya, KR & Ross, K 2016, A review and comparative analysis of indicative service costs for different sanitation service scales in Indonesia.

Mitchell, C, Ross, K, Puspowardoyo, P & Wedahuditama, F 2016, Governance of local scale sanitation: Visual Synthesis Report for key stakeholders in Indonesia.

Mitchell, C, Ross, K, Puspowardoyo, P, Rosenqvist, T & Wedahuditama, F 2016, How to design governance for lasting service? Visual resource for workshop, guided stakeholder discussion and group/individual reflection.

Mukheibir, P SNV 2016, A guide to septage transfer stations, Sydney.

Mukheibir, P & Boronyak, L Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Dynamic Adaptive Management Process - Supporting Community Adaptation to Water Shortages in Kiribati, Sydney, Australia.
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In the water-scarce Pacific Island nation of Kiribati wells that supply water are increasingly affected by saltwater intrusion due to high tides, sea level rise and increasingly frequent storms and tropical cyclones. A handbook had been produced to help local facilitators to train communities to identify climate change adaptation strategies by drawing from various sources of knowledge, including traditional knowledge.

Plant, RA, Chong, J, Lederwasch, A, Prior, J, Asker, S & Boydell, S 2016, Value-based Land Remediation: Improved Decision-making for Contaminated Land (CRC CARE Technical Report No. 35), pp. 1-33, CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia.

Prior, JH 2016, Final Data Report: Societal Perceptions and Acceptability of Remediation Technologies Research Project, no. 13 and 14, prepared for CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, by Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS, Sydney, Australia.

Ross, K, Winterford, K & Willetts, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney 2016, Water safety planning equity study: Guidance, Prepared for the World Health Organisation by UTS-ISF.

Rutovitz, J, Atherton, A, McIntosh, L, Langham, E & Downes, J Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Local Electricity Trading: Issues for Retailers, pp. 1-26, Sydney, Australia.

Rutovitz, J, Atherton, A, McIntosh, L, Teske, S & Langham, E Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Virtual trial of Local Network Credits and Local Electricity Trading: Byron Shire Council, Sydney, Australia.

Rutovitz, J, Atherton, A, Teske, S, McIntosh, L & Langham Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Virtual trial of Local Network Credits and Local Electricity Trading: Winton Shire Council, Sydney, Australia.

Rutovitz, J, Langham, E, Teske, S, Atherton, A & McIntosh, L Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Virtual trials of Local Network Charges and Local Electricity Trading: Summary Report, pp. 1-35, Sydney, Australia.

Rutovitz, J, McIntosh, L, Atherton, A, Teske, S & Langham, E Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Virtual trial of Local Network Credits and Local Electricity Trading: Wannon Water, Sydney, Australia.

Rutovitz, J, McIntosh, L, Langham, E & Atherton, A Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Virtual trial of Local Electricity Trading and Local Network Credits: a community solar farm, Sydney, Australia.

Rutovitz, J, Teske, S, Atherton, A, McIntosh, L & Langham, E Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Virtual trial of Local Network Credits and Local Electricity Trading: Willoughby Council, Sydney, Australia.

Teske, S, Dominish, E, Ison, N & Maras, K Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2016, Renewable Energy for Australia–Decarbonising Australia’s Energy Sector within one Generation.

Teske, S, Florin, N, Dominish, E & Giurco, D 2016, Renewable Energy and Deep Sea Mining: Supply, Demand and Scenarios.

Turner, A, White, S, Chong, J, Dickinson, M, Cooley, H & Donnelly, K the Alliance for Water Efficiency, the Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney and the Pacific Institute 2016, Managing drought: Learning from Australia, pp. 1-93, University of Technology Sydney and the Pacific Institute for the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.
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California is facing yet another year of unprecedented, record-breaking drought. At this time of need, US agencies have turned to Australia to identify the strategies that urban water utilities and water agencies adopted to survive its worst drought in recorded history, the Millennium Drought, which lasted from 1997 until it officially ended in 2012.

Willetts, J 2016, Synthesis Report on Market-based Approaches to Sanitation.

Willetts, JR 2016, Principles and Guidelines for ethical research and evaluation in development.

Willetts, JR The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) 2016, Sanitation, human rights and social protection: Briefing Paper, Switzerland.

Willetts, JR, Murta, J & Gero, A Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney 2016, Water and Sanitation Entrepreneurs in Indonesia, Vietnam and Timor-Leste: Traits, drivers and challenges, UTS-ISF.

Winterford, KH 2016, Joint State Action Plan: Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia, Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia.

Winterford, KH 2016, World Vision's Global Advocacy Campaign Child Health Now: A review of the campaign model and contribution to World Vision advocacy capacity. Phase 2 Evaluation Report., Sydney, Australia.

Winterford, KH, Chong, J & Gero, A 2016, Mid Term Evaluation Pacific Risk Resilience Programme, Sydney, Australia.

Wynne, L, Cordell, D, Chong, J & Jacobs, B Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) 2016, Planning tools for strategic management of peri-urban food production, pp. 1-44, Sydney.
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Using Sydney as a case study, this report aims to develop an understanding of what best practice looks for land-use planning on the urban fringe.Peri-urban areas around the world have traditionally been the food bowls of our cities. Increasing urbanisation is threatening the existence of peri-urban agriculture, paving over the soils that have fed global city populations. Increasing conversion to commercial and residential uses, fragmentation, land-use conflicts and global challenges such as climate change pose a threat to the viability of food production in peri-urban areas.This report considers responses that might emerge from the planning system to address threats to peri-urban agriculture. The report focuses on the experience of peri-urban planning and food production in the Sydney Basin, in New South Wales, AustraliaThe report reviews a range of planning responses to managing peri-urban areas for resilience and sustainability. These include strategic planning measures, financial incentives, property rights protections and improved methods for valuing the benefits that peri-urban agriculture provides to cities.For many cities, perhaps including Sydney, a large proportion of peri-urban food production has already been lost, converted to residential use and supporting infrastructure. For that which remains, and for those cities that have sustainably managed their peri-urban agricultural lands, policy and initiatives are required to ensure that food production on the urban fringe can continue to contribute to urban resilience in the future.

Davila, F 2016, 'Sustainable Food Systems: Building a New Paradigm', ANU PRESS, pp. 167-171.

Foster, T 2016, 'Gambian Handpump Evaluation Data'.

Foster, T 2016, 'Handpumps Joined at the Hip: Two-for-one or Double Trouble?', Water Point Data Exchange.

Foster, T 2016, 'Turkana Handpump Evaluation Data'.

Grant, ML, Murta, J, Powell, B & Willetts, J 2016, 'Learning Brief: Civil Society Organisations’ Learning for Impact in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programming'.

Prior, J & Cusack, C 2016, 'Religion, Sexuality and Spirituality Critical Concepts in Religious Studies Volume II: Gender - Roles, Bodies, Identities', Routledge, New York, pp. 1-432.

Winterford, K, Leahy, C, Leong, L, Keheller, J & Willetts, JR 2016, 'Innovation in WASH and Gender Monitoring: Towards strategic gender outcomes and equitable services'.