BALL, JE 1995, 'THE INFLUENCE OF STORM TEMPORAL PATTERNS ON CATCHMENT RESPONSE - REPLY', JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, vol. 172, no. 1-4, pp. 381-382.
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Ball, JE & Keshavarzy, A 1995, 'Incipient Sediment Mot Ion On Non-Horizontal Slopes', Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 723-724.
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Briscoe, BJ & Thomas, PS 1995, 'Brittle-Ductile Transitions in High Density Polyethylene Films', Tribology Series, vol. 30, no. C, pp. 153-160.
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The paper describes a peculiar transition in the interface rheology or frictional characteristics of high density polyethylene thin films. This transition is unusual in the sense that the transition is apparently from a ductile phase to a brittle phase as the temperature increases. The transition is observed to be a function of the contact pressure and strain rate. Again, and peculiarly, the transition is observed to decrease with an increase in both of these contact mechanical parameters. In addition, the vibrational spectra of HDPE as a function of temperature are examined in order to identify a mechanism for this transition. Due to the unusual nature of the transition, the mechanism sought is not at the molecular level, but is rationalised in term of the melting dynamics of the crystalline lamellae of HDPE. © 1995 Elsevier Science B.V.
Briscoe, BJ & Thomas, PS 1995, 'Structure-Property Relationships in Thin Solid Poly(methyl methacrylate) Boundary Films', Tribology Transactions, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 382-388.
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Indraratna, AS, Balasubramanian, AK & Khan, MJ 1995, 'Effect of fly ash with lime and cement on the behavior of a soft clay', Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 131-142.
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Indraratna, B 1995, 'Closure to “Performance of Embankment Stabilized with Vertical Drains on Soft Clay” by B. Indraratna', Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 121, no. 4, pp. 393-395.
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Indraratna, B, Sullivan, J & Nethery, A 1995, 'Effect of groundwater table on the formation of acid sulphate soils', Mine Water and the Environment, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 71-83.
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Acid sulphate soils are formed when pyrite within a soil layer is oxidised, generating sulphuric acid. The oxidation of pyrite often results in yellow mottles of jarosite. The pH levels in greatly affected areas are often less than 4.0, and the associated environmental impacts include fish kills, retarded growth of crops and changes in water chemistry. Certain regions of acid sulphate soils along the South Coast of NSW are of much concem, because of limited land available for food production and cash crops. This study quantifies the effect of changes of the groundwater table on the acidity of the coastal flood plain in Berry, located on the Illawarra coastline, New South Wales. Based on several boreholes and drain sites, the existence of jarosite was verified, characterising the study area as a potential acid-sulphate soil region. The field investigation of the study area included the monitoring of groundwater and drain water quality, including the pH and aluminium levels. The study shows convincingly that the increase in groundwater level is effective in preventing adverse pH and aluminium levels. © 1995 Springer-Verlag.
KHATRI, RP, SIRIVIVATNANON, V & GROSS, W 1995, 'EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS ON MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 209-220.
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LOGANATHAN, P, DICKSON, AA & ISIRIMAH, NO 1995, 'POTASSIUM SUPPLYING CAPACITY OF SOILS FORMED ON DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA', GEODERMA, vol. 65, no. 1-2, pp. 109-120.
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The potassium supplying capacity of soils formed on three geological deposits along an east-west transect in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was investigated by determining the various forms of soil K and K uptake by repeated maize croppings in pots. Soils (Inceptisols and Entisols) formed on recent alluvial materials of the Meander Belt deposits (MBD) had mica and feldspars resulting in very high levels of total K (4.4 and 5.1%) and nonexchangeable K (NEK) extracted by concentrated H2SO4 and boiling HNO3 (H2SO4K: 378 and 477 μg g-1; HNO3z.sbnd;K: 158 and 174 μg g-1. Soils formed on the other two geological deposits (Sombreiro-Warri deposits, SWD, and Coastal Plain Sands, CPS) had low levels of total K (CPS, 0.18-0.37% and SWD, 0.28-1.76%) and NEK H2SO4K and HNO3K for CPS were 40-87 and 18-49 μg gt1̄ respectively and for SWD they were 40-158 and 14-80 μg g-1 respectively) indicative of the highly weathered nature of these soils (Ultisols) with traces of K-containing minerals. The trend in soil K levels in the three deposits are opposite of the previously reported soil P trend. Potassium uptake by maize induced release of NEK to the plant-available K pool. Potassium supply to plants from the NEK pool for 3 successive maize crops in MBD, SWD and CPS soils were 303-435, 32-57 and 21-38 μg K g-1 soil, respectively. NEK uptake, as a percentage of total K uptake, decreased with successive croppings in CPS soils and reached zero at the third cropping, while in MBD soils the percentage remained constant up to the third and last crop. In this respect, some SWD soils behaved similar to MBD soils and others to CPS soils. © 1995.
LOGANATHAN, P, MACKAY, AD, LEE, J & HEDLEY, MJ 1995, 'CADMIUM DISTRIBUTION IN HILL PASTURES AS INFLUENCED BY 20 YEARS OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND SHEEP GRAZING', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 859-871.
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Cadmium (Cd) accumulating in the kidneys of older grazing animals threatens the continued access of New Zealand offal products to traditional markets. Phosphatic fertilizers represent the largest input of Cd into pastoral farming systems. Little research has been conducted on the cycling of Cd in grazed pastures. To estimate the distribution of Cd in grazed pastures, soil samples were collected from self-contained farmlets which had received either high superphosphate (HF) inputs (765 kg P ha-1), low superphosphate (LF) inputs (113 kg P ha-1) or no phosphate fertilizer (UF) inputs over the previous 20 years. The average total Cd concentration in the surface soil (0-30 mm; bulk density 0 • 64 g cm-3) of the farmlets which had received HF inputs was 0-40 mg kg-1 soil (range 0-18-0-60 mg kg-1), whereas farmlets which had received LF or no fertilizer inputs had an average Cd concentration of 0 • 10 mg kg-1 (range 0 • 02-0 • 19 mg kg-1). Cadmium concentration decreased with soil depth. The concentration of Cd in mixed herbage reflected the difference in soil Cd between the HF (meamtstandard error = 0-321±0-033 mg Cd kg-1 dry matter) and LF (0 • 063±0 • 004 mg Cd kg-1 dry matter) farmlets. Soil Cd accumulation was highest on low slopes (0-12°) and lowest on high slopes (>26°) in both LF and HF farmlets, whereas pasture Cd concentration in the HF farmlet increased with slope from 0 ■ 178±0 • 035 mg Cd kg-1 on low slopes to 0-487±0-053 mg Cd ha-1 on high slopes. A strong relationship was obtained between soil Cd and P in the 0-30 mm layer of the HF farmlet, demonstrating the link between phosphate fertilizer use and Cd accumulation. Zinc to Cd ratios were much lower in this layer compared with those in LF and UF sites, providing further evidence of the contribution of phosphate fertilizer to soil Cd.A model originally developed to explain the distribution of soil P in sheep-grazed fertilized hill pastures gave good predictions of present day soil Cd distribution in the H...
NGO, HH & VIGNESWARAN, S 1995, 'APPLICATION OF FLOATING MEDIUM FILTER IN WATER AND WASTE-WATER TREATMENT WITH CONTACT-FLOCCULATION FILTRATION ARRANGEMENT', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 2211-2213.
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Conventional granular filtration, although successfully used in water treatment and tertiary wastewater treatment, suffers from some disadvantages such as limited retention capacity and high energy requirement for backwashing. Use of floating filter medium overcomes these shortcomings especially when direct filters are used in the treatment plants. A laboratory-scale study carried out indicated that the floating medium filter with downflow direct filter arrangement was a good pretreatment unit to reduce the pollutant load in rapid filters used as polishing filter units. Due to its ability to form uniform micro-flocs of the order of 26â40 μm throughout the filter run, the floating medium filter can serve as an excellent static flocculator.
Stuart, BH & Thomas, PS 1995, 'Xylene swelling of polycarbonate studied using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy', SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2133-2137.
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The Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectrum of polycarbonate (PC) is reported. The effect of xylene on the structural properties of PC has been investigated. Changes to the FT/Raman spectrum of PC in the presence of xylene are believed to be due to an incr
Taylor, D 1995, 'Short fatigue crack growth in cast iron described using P−a curves', International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 201-206.
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A new approach to the description of short crack growth - the P - a curve - has been tested using extensive data on submillimetre cracks in a grey cast iron. It is shown that this approach, in which the probability of growth is plotted as a function of crack length, is valid in that it produces a plot that is consistent from specimen to specimen and is a function of both crack length and stress level. The growth probability, Pg, can be defined systematically in terms of the average amount of crack growth, Îcmean within a given interval of cycles, ÎN; this leads to the concept that Pg characterizes growth at a particular rate: Îcmean/ÎN. Predictions were made of the endurance, Nf, using a numerical model that simulates the growth of a large number of cracks. Crack coalescence was found to be a critical feature, both of the model and of the experimental findings. The great majority of crack growth was found to occur by coalescence; a simple model of coalescence, based on fracture mechanics, was successfully incorporated into the predictions.
Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Maheswaran, S, Ostarcevis, E & Potter, A 1995, 'Improved phosphorus and bacterial removal in sewage treatment plants: A pilot-scale study', Water Treatment, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 75-80.
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Studies have shown, superior removal of phosphorus (up to the level of less than 0.03 mg/L in the treatment plant effluent) is essential to the improvement of water quality of Hawkesbury-Nepean River in New South Wales, Australia. But the chemical precipitation presently adopted in the secondary treatment step can only decrease phosphorus level to about 1 mg/L. A detailed pilot-scale filtration study conducted with secondary effluent in a sewage treatment plant indicated that tertiary filtration with a prior alum flocculation is essential in achieving superior B removal. The best results were obtained with sand (ES = 0.85-0.95; U = 1.25-1.50 mm) as filter medium and 4.4 min of preflocculation. Alum at 40 mg/L was found to be the most suitable chemical. Dual media filter also produced comparable effluent quality (although slightly inferior) while leading to longer filter runs.
Zhou, J 1995, 'Influence of the nature of particulate organic matter on the sorption of cypermethrin: implications on KOC correlations', Environment International, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 187-195.
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Zhou, JL, Rowland, S & Mantoura, RFC 1995, 'Partition of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides between dissolved and particulate phases', Water Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1023-1031.
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Zhou, JL, Rowland, SJ, Braven, J, Mantoura, RFC & Harland, BJ 1995, 'Tefluthrin Sorption to Mineral Particles: Role of Particle Organic Coatings', International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, vol. 58, no. 1-4, pp. 275-285.
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Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 1970, 'Instantaneous shear stress on the bed in a turbulent open channel flow', HYDRA 2000, VOL. 1, XXVIth Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research - HYDRA 2000, THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD, LONDON, ENGLAND, pp. 81-86.
Khalili, N & Khabbaz, MH 1970, 'On the theory of three-dimensional consolidation in unsaturated soils', UNSATURATED SOILS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 1st International Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT 95), A A BALKEMA, PARIS, FRANCE, pp. 745-750.
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A more complete and unified treatment of the theory of three-dimensional unsaturated consolidation is presented. The governing differential equations based on the equations of equilibrium, the effective stress concept, Darcyâs law, Fickâs law and the conservation of fluid mass are derived.
ZHOU, JL, ROWLAND, SJ, MANTOURA, RFC & LANE, MCG 1970, 'SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF TEFLUTHRIN INSECTICIDE BY SOIL UNDER SIMULATED RAINFALL RUNOFF CONDITIONS', PESTICIDE MOVEMENT TO WATER, Symposium on Pesticide Movement to Water, BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL, UNIV WARWICK, COVENTRY, ENGLAND, pp. 25-32.
