Publications

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2004, 'Using General Fuzzy Number to Handle Uncertainty and Imprecision in Group Decision-Making' in Ruan, D & Zeng, X (eds), Intelligent Sensory Evaluation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, pp. 51-70.
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Bremner, MJ, Dodd, JL, Nielsen, MA & Bacon, D 2004, 'Fungible dynamics: There are only two types of entangling multiple-qubit interactions', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 69, no. 1.
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Damian, D, Zowghi, D, Vaidyanathasamy, L & Pal, Y 2004, 'An industrial case study of immediate benefits of requirements engineering process improvement at the Australian center for unisys software', EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, vol. 9, no. 1-2, pp. 45-75.
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This paper describes an industrial experience in process improvement at one of the Unisys development labs in Australia. Following a capability maturity model (CMM) mini-assessment, the organization is undertaking significant changes in the requirements management process, which include the introduction of group session approaches to requirements analysis and a structured method for writing requirements. An empirical evaluation which investigated other aspects of the process improvement than the CMM model indicates tangible benefits as well as perceived long-term benefits during design and testing. Findings confirm that a more thorough requirements analysis results in more clearly defined, better understood and specified requirements, and an enhanced ability to address the market needs and product strategy requirements. The catalyst behind these improvements included project management leadership, managing the human dimension, collaboration among stakeholders and senior management support.

Denford, M, Solomon, A, Leaney, J & O'Neill, T 2004, 'Architectural abstraction as transformation of poset labelled graphs', JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1408-1428.
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The design of large, complex computer based systems, based on their architecture, will benefit from a formal system that is intuitive, scalable and accessible to practitioners. The work herein is based in graphs which are an efficient and intuitive way o

Denford, M, Solomon, AI, Leaney, JR & O'Neill, T 2004, 'Modelling Architectural Abstraction with a Category of Poset Labelled Graphs', Journal of Universal Computer Science, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1408-1428.
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The design of large, complex computer based systems, based on their architecture, will benefit from a formal system that is intuitive, scalable and accessible to practitioners. The work herein is based in graphs which are an efficient and intuitive way of encoding structure, the essence of architecture. A model of system architectures and architectural abstraction is proposed, using poset labelled graphs and their transformations. The poset labelled graph formalism closely models several important aspects of architectures, namely topology, type and levels of abstraction. The technical merits of the formalism are discussed in terms of the ability to express and use domain knowledge to ensure sensible refinements. An abstraction / refinement calculus is introduced and illustrated with a detailed usage scenario. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the formalism in terms of its rigour, expressiveness, simplicity and practicality.

Devitt, SJ, Fowler, AG & Hollenberg, LCL 2004, 'Robustness of Shor's algorithm', Quant. Inf. Comp., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 616-629.
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Shor's factorisation algorithm is a combination of classical pre- andpost-processing and a quantum period finding (QPF) subroutine which allows anexponential speed up over classical factoring algorithms. We consider thestability of this subroutine when exposed to a discrete error model that actsto perturb the computational trajectory of a quantum computer. Through detailedstate vector simulations of an appropriate quantum circuit, we show that theerror locations within the circuit itself heavily influences the probability ofsuccess of the QPF subroutine. The results also indicate that the naiveestimate of required component precision is too conservative.

Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2004, 'Managing the dynamic nature of trust', IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 79-82.

Fowler, AG, Devitt, SJ & Hollenberg, LCL 2004, 'Implementation of shor's algorithm on a linear nearest neighbour qubit array', Quantum Information and Computation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 237-251.
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Shor's algorithm, which given appropriate hardware can factorise an integer N in a time polynomial in its binary length L, has arguably spurred the race to build a practical quantum computer. Several different quantum circuits implementing Shor's algorithm have been designed, but each tacitly assumes that arbitrary pairs of qubits within the computer can be interacted. While some quantum computer architectures possess this property, many promising proposals are best suited to realising a single line of qubits with nearest neighbour interactions only. In light of this, we present a circuit implementing Shor's factorisation algorithm designed for such a linear nearest neighbour architecture. Despite the interaction restrictions, the circuit requires just 2L + 4 qubits and to leading order requires 8L4 2-qubit gates arranged in a circuit of depth 32L3 - identical to leading order to that possible using an architecture that can interact arbitrary pairs of qubits.

Gervasi, V, Zowghi, D, Easterbrook, S & Sim, SE 2004, 'Report on the First International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering', ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1-4.
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Requirements Engineering (RE) research is believed to be mature enough for the community to be able to make comparative evaluations of alternative tools, techniques, approaches and methods. Commonly used exemplars in RE that have emerged over the years all suffer from well-defined and widely accepted evaluation criteria which makes comparison of the effectiveness of different research outcomes impossible. The first International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation on Requirements Engineering was held in conjunction with the 11 th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference in Monterey Bay, California. This workshop was conceived to address these issues and facilitate a community initiative in developing a common understanding of evaluation criteria and developing benchmarks for comparative evaluation in RE. Content, of course, is important.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 2004, 'Trustworthiness and CCCI metrics in P2P communication', COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 173-190.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 2004, 'Classification of trust in peer-to-peer (P2P) communication', International Journal of Computer Systems Science And Engineering, vol. 19, no. 02, pp. 59-73.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 2004, 'Trustworthiness and CCI Metrics for Assigning Trustworthiness', International Journal of Computer Systems, Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 3/4, pp. 95-114.

Lin, C-T, Wu, R-C, Chang, J-Y & Liang, S-F 2004, 'A Novel Prosodic-Information Synthesizer Based on Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network for the Chinese TTS System', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 309-324.
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Lister, R, Adams, ES, Fitzgerald, S, Fone, W, Hamer, J, Lindholm, M, McCartney, R, Moström, JE, Sanders, K, Seppälä, O, Simon, B & Thomas, L 2004, 'A multi-national study of reading and tracing skills in novice programmers', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 119-150.
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View description>>

A study by a ITiCSE 2001 working group ('the McCracken Group') established that many students do not know how to program at the conclusion of their introductory courses. A popular explanation for this incapacity is that the students lack the ability to problem-solve. That is, they lack the ability to take a problem description, decompose it into sub-problems and implement them, then assemble the pieces into a complete solution. An alternative explanation is that many students have a fragile grasp of both basic programming principles and the ability to systematically carry out routine programming tasks, such as tracing (or 'desk checking') through code. This ITiCSE 2004 working group studied the alternative explanation, by testing students from seven countries, in two ways. First, students were tested on their ability to predict the outcome of executing a short piece of code. Second, students were tested on their ability, when given the desired function of short piece of near-complete code, to select the correct completion of the code from a small set of possibilities. Many students were weak at these tasks, especially the latter task, suggesting that such students have a fragile grasp of skills that are a prerequisite for problem-solving.

McGregor, C & Schiefer, J 2004, 'A Web-Service based framework for analyzing and measuring business performance', Information Systems and e-Business Management, vol. 2, no. 1.
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Shou, Y-W & Lin, C-T 2004, 'Image Descreening by GA-CNN-Based Texture Classification', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 2287-2299.
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Staab, S, Bhargava, B, Lilien, L, Rosenthal, A, Winslett, M, Sloman, M, Dillon, TS, Chang, E, Hussain, FK, Nejdl, W, Olmedilla, D & Kashyap, V 2004, 'The Pudding of Trust', IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 74-88.
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The role of trust in pervasive computing environment is discussed. The use of trust paradigm requires careful selection of useful trust aspects needed for the system being designed. Any exchange of an entity's private information for a gain in its partner's trust depends on satisfactory limits on its further dissemination. The organization's policies should describe who can do what under what circumstances to establish trust.

Voinov, A, Bromley, L, Kirk, E, Korchak, A, Farley, J, Moiseenko, T, Krasovskaya, T, Makarova, Z, Megorski, V, Selin, V, Kharitonova, G & Edson, R 2004, 'Understanding human and ecosystem dynamics in the Kola Arctic: A participatory integrated study', ARCTIC, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 375-388.

White, R & Dovey, K 2004, 'Knowledge construction in an Australian software development enterprise: developing the knowledge bases for innovative renewal', International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 405-405.
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Yu, S, Casey, J & Zhou, W 2004, 'A Load Balancing Algorithm for Web Based Server Grids', GRID AND COOPERATIVE COMPUTING, PT 2, vol. 3033, pp. 121-128.
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Yu, S, Zhou, W & Rough, J 2004, 'Minicast: A Multicast-Anycast Protocol for Message Delivery', PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, vol. 3358, pp. 798-803.
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ZOWGHI, D 2004, 'Erratum to ?On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution?', Information and Software Technology, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 763-779.
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ZOWGHI, D 2004, 'Erratum to ?On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution? 6Information and Software Technology 45 (2003) 993?10099', Information and Software Technology, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 761-761.
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Zowghi, D 2004, 'Special collection on requirements engineering', JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 209-210.

Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 2004, 'Erratum to “On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution”', Information and Software Technology, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 763-779.
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Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 2004, 'On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution (vol 45, pg 993, 2003)', INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 75-75.
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Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 2004, 'On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution (vol 45, pg 993, 2003)', INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 761-+.
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Babar, MA & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Developing a requirements management toolset: Lessons learned', 2004 AUSTRALIAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 10-19.
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Chen, L, Bhowmick, SS & Chia, LT 1970, 'Mining maximal frequently changing subtree patterns from XML documents', DATA WAREHOUSING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, PROCEEDINGS, 6th International Conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discoverey (DaWaK 2004), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Zaragoza, SPAIN, pp. 68-76.

Chen, L, Bhowmick, SS & Chia, L-T 1970, 'VRules', Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Multimedia databases, CIKM04: Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM.
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Chua, B & Dyson, LE 1970, 'Applying the ISO9126 Model to the evaluation of an e-learning system', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2004), Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, Perth, Australia, pp. 184-190.

Colquitt, D, Leaney, JR & O'Neill, T 1970, 'The Case For Understanding Social Complexity In the Architecture-Based Analysis Process', Proceedings of International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT 2004, International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT & IT in Qualitative Research, QualIT2004, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-11.

Coulin, CR & Zowghi, D 1970, 'GONDOLA: An Interactive Computer Game-Based Teaching and Learning Environment for Requirements Engineering', Proceedings of the 10th Anniversary International Workshop on Requirements Engineering Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ ’04), International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, Essener Informatik Beitrage, Riga, Latvia, pp. 113-125.

Denford, M, Leaney, J, O'Neill, T & society, IC 1970, 'Non-functional refinement of computer based systems architecture', 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 168-177.

Denford, M, Solomon, AI & Leaney, JR 1970, 'Modelling Architectural Abstraction with a Category of Poset Labelled Graphs to Aid The Practice of Design via Refinement', Proceedings of Fifth IEEE Joint Workshop on the Formal Specifications of Computer-Based Systems, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 17-22.

Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, F 1970, 'A Framework for a Trusted Environment for Virtual Collaboration', Advances In Web-Age Information Management: Proceedings of WAIM 2004, International Conference on Web-Age Information Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Dalian, China, pp. 1-12.
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Trusted computing has assumed major significance since the advent of internet based commerce and peer to peer communications. Trust is the belief that a peer has another peer in a given context. This paper addresses both identity trust which establishes the identity of another party and behaviour trust which answers the question rsquoDo you believe that the entity will behave as you expect it to?rsquo It develops complete definitions of context and time dependant trust and reputation and develops trust models, trust relationships of a peer.

Dyson, LE 1970, 'Barriers to sharing and creating knowledge in higher education', Innovations Through Information Technology, Vols 1 and 2, International Conference on Information Resources Management, Idea Group Publishing, New Orleans, USA, pp. 33-36.

Dyson, LE 1970, 'Cultural Issues in the Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies by Indigenous Australians', Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication 2004, Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communications, School Infomation Technolgy, Murdoch University, Karlstad, Sweden, pp. 58-71.

Dyson, LE & Er, M 1970, 'A Hybrid Design Approach to the Development of Mobile Systems in the Construction Industry', Building Society Through E-Commerce 2004, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Universidad de Talca, Santiago, Chile, pp. 1-15.

Dyson, LE & Kay, RJ 1970, 'Learning to Collaborate and Collaborating to Learn: An experential approach to teaching collaborative systems.', Building Society through E-Commerce 2004, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Universidad de Talca, Santiago, Chile, pp. 1-11.

Dyson, LE & Koruth, S 1970, 'Improving Business Performance through Supply Chain Intelligence: An Australian Perspective', Information Technology and Organizations in the 21st Century: Challenges and Solutions. Proceedings of the 2004 International Business Information Management Conference, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), Amman, Jordan, pp. 342-348.

Galloway, J & Sood, SC 1970, 'Cell marketing: next generation segmentation', Conference Proceedings of the 2004 Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference: 'Marketing Accountabilities and Responsibilities', Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, ANZMAC, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.

Gervasi, V, Zowghi, D, Easterbrook, S & Sim, S 1970, 'Workshop Summary on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering', Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering, International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering, UTS, Monteray Bay, USA, pp. 5-8.

Guo, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A recommender system by two-level collaborative filtering', Proceedings of the Eigtht IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications, IASTED International Conference Software Engineering and Applications, ACTA Press, Cambridge,USA, pp. 65-69.
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A vast of information and services on the web have caused the information overload problem. Search engines are pretty difficult to locate appropriate information due to the huge number of search results. In the last a few years, recommender system techniques have gained much attention. Most recommender systems adopt two types of techniques: content-based and collaborative filtering approach. In this study, a subject recommender system has been developed and implemented in an education environment. The system aims to locate right subject information to right students according to their individual needs and interests. With a technical advance, the system has integrated content-based, collaborative filtering and web usage analysis technique. Furthermore, we propose novel two-level collaborative filtering method in the system to improve the sparsity problem resolve at the early stages of recommender system.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 1970, 'Classification of reputation in peer-to-peer (P2P) communication', PDPTA '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Nevada, USA, pp. 1429-1435.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 1970, 'Reputation in peer-to-peer communication', IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Nevada, USA, pp. 269-271.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 1970, 'Repute relationships for reputation management in peer-to-peer communication - I', SAM '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT, International Conference on Security and Management, CSREA, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 147-153.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 1970, 'Factors of trust that influence trust worthiness in peer-to-peer (P2P) based e-commerce', BAI 2004 International Workshop on Business and Information, International Workshop on Business and Information, Academy of Taiwan information system research, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-10.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 1970, 'Peer to peer (P2P) trust modeling', International Conference on Communication and Broadband Networking (ICBN'04), International Conference on Communication and Broadband Networking (ICBN'04), ICBN'04, Kobe, Japan, pp. 1-18.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 1970, 'Taxonomy of Trust Relationships in Peer-Peer (P2P) Communication', Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Security in Information Systems WOSIS-2004, International Workshop on Security in Information Systems, INSTICC: Press, Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication, Portugal, pp. 99-103.

Johnston, A & Edmonds, E 1970, 'Towards a framework of requirements for music learning support tools', Innovations Through Information Technology, Vols 1 and 2, International Conference of the Information-Resources-Management-Association, IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING, New Orleans, LA, pp. 643-646.
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Johnston, AJ 1970, 'Creativity, Music and Computers: Guidelines for Computer-Based Instrumental Music Support Tools', Managing New Wave Information Systems: Enterprise, Government and Society - Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS2004), Australasian Conference on Information Systems, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Johnston, AJ & Edmonds, EA 1970, 'Creativity, Music and Computers: Guidelines for Computer-Based Instrumental Music Support Tools', Proceedings of the Australasian Conference of Information Systems, Australasian Conference of Information Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart, AUS, Hobart, TAS, Australia, pp. 2-11.
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This paper examines requirements for computer-based tools intended to support creative development in musicians. Approaches to instrumental music pedagogy are presented and implications for those seeking to support musical skill development with computers are discussed. A pedagogical philosophy based on the ï½natural learning processï½ is combined with recommendations from creativity researchers to build a set of suggested features and guidelines for developing instrumental music support tools which facilitate creative development. A prototype application illustrating our approach is described.

Kennedy, PJ, Simoff, SJ, Skillicorn, D & Catchpoole, D 1970, 'Extracting and explaining biological knowledge in microarray data', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Sydney, Australia, pp. 699-703.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004. This paper describes a method of clustering lists of genes mined from a microarray dataset using functional information from the Gene Ontology. The method uses relationships between terms in the ontology both to build clusters and to extract meaningful cluster descriptions. The approach is general and may be applied to assist explanation of other datasets associated with ontologies.

Leaney, J, Denford, M, O'Neill, T & society, IC 1970, 'Enabling optimisation in the design of complex computer based systems', 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 69-74.

Lee, S, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 1970, 'Measuring the Effect of Cross-Traffic on Execution Time in a Parallel and Distributed Network Simulator', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Application Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC 2004, Sydney, Australia, pp. 232-235.

Lister, R 1970, 'A clandestine religious meeting', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 16-17.
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A few years ago, I attended a conference in Madison, Wisconsin. Getting there was a thirteen-hour flight from Sydney to Los Angeles, a connecting flight to Chicago, and then a third flight to Madison. At the conference, I met three fellow Australians who work at a university about one hour's drive away from mine. I had not met those Australians before. It seemed silly to have traveled half-way round the world to meet people with a common interest, when they live a short drive away.

Lister, R 1970, 'A clandestine religious meeting', Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE04: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM, pp. 16-17.
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A few years ago, I attended a conference in Madison, Wisconsin. Getting there was a thirteen-hour flight from Sydney to Los Angeles, a connecting flight to Chicago, and then a third flight to Madison. At the conference, I met three fellow Australians who work at a university about one hour's drive away from mine. I had not met those Australians before. It seemed silly to have traveled half-way round the world to meet people with a common interest, when they live a short drive away.

Lister, R, Adams, ES, Fitzgerald, S, Fone, W, Hamer, J, Lindholm, M, McCartney, R, Moström, JE, Sanders, K, Seppälä, O, Simon, B & Thomas, L 1970, 'A multi-national study of reading and tracing skills in novice programmers', Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE04: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM, pp. 119-150.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A study by a ITiCSE 2001 working group ("the McCracken Group") established that many students do not know how to program at the conclusion of their introductory courses. A popular explanation for this incapacity is that the students lack the ability to problem-solve. That is, they lack the ability to take a problem description, decompose it into sub-problems and implement them, then assemble the pieces into a complete solution. An alternative explanation is that many students have a fragile grasp of both basic programming principles and the ability to systematically carry out routine programming tasks, such as tracing (or "desk checking") through code. This ITiCSE 2004 working group studied the alternative explanation, by testing students from seven countries, in two ways. First, students were tested on their ability to predict the outcome of executing a short piece of code. Second, students were tested on their ability, when given the desired function of short piece of near-complete code, to select the correct completion of the code from a small set of possibilities. Many students were weak at these tasks, especially the latter task, suggesting that such students have a fragile grasp of skills that are a prerequisite for problem-solving.

Lister, R, Box, I, Morrison, B, Tenenberg, J & Westbrook, DS 1970, 'The dimensions of variation in the teaching of data structures', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 92-96.
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The current debate about the teaching of data structures is hampered because, as a community, we usually debate specifics about data structure implementations and libraries, when the real level of disagreement remains implicit -- the intent behind our teaching. This paper presents a phenomenographic study of the intent of CS educators for teaching data structures in CS2. Based on interviews with Computer Science educators and analysis of CS literature, we identified five categories of intent: developing transferable thinking, improving students' programming skills, knowing 'what's under the hood', knowledge of software libraries, and component thinking. The CS community needs to first debate at the level of these categories before moving to more specific issues. This study also serves as an example of how phenomenographic analysis can be used to inform debate on syllabus design in general.

Lister, R, Box, I, Morrison, B, Tenenberg, J & Westbrook, DS 1970, 'The dimensions of variation in the teaching of data structures', Proceedings of the 9th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE04: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM, Leeds, UK, pp. 92-96.
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View description>>

The current debate about the teaching of data structures is hampered because, as a community, we usually debate specifics about data structure implementations and libraries, when the real level of disagreement remains implicit - the intent behind our teaching. This paper presents a phenomenographic study of the intent of CS educators for teaching data structures in CS2. Based on interviews with Computer Science educators and analysis of CS literature, we identified five categories of intent: developing transferable thinking, improving students' programming skills, knowing 'what's under the hood', knowledge of software libraries, and component thinking. The CS community needs to first debate at the level of these categories before moving to more specific issues. This study also serves as an example of how phenomenographic analysis can be used to inform debate on syllabus design in general.

Lister, RF 1970, 'Teaching Java First: Experiments with Pigs-Early Pedagogy', Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 177-183.

Lu, H & Zhang, G 1970, 'A New Parallel Search Algorithm for Non-Linear Function Operation', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 338-343.

Lu, HY & Zhang, G 1970, 'A new parallel search algorithm for non-linear function optimization', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 109-114.
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This paper proposes a new parallel search algorithm using evolutionary programming and quasi-simplex technique (EPQS). EPQS produces the offspring from three ways in parallel: 1) Using the Gaussian mutation, 2) Using the Cauchy mutation, and 3) Using the quasi-simplex techniques. The quasi-simplex technique uses the ideal of classical simplex technique and produces four prospective individuals by using the reflection, expansion and compression operations. EPQS selects the parents for the next generation from all the parents and offspring. EPQS takes the diversity of offerings into consideration by generating the offspring from as many as possible ways while it maintains a substantial convergence rate. Experimental studies on six typical benchmark functions have shown that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the competing algorithms.

Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Uncertain Information Processing Framework for Situation Awareness and Emergency Decision-Making', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information, International Conference on Information, International Information Institute, Tokoyo,Japan, pp. 265-268.

Mathieson, L, King, T & Brankovic, L 1970, '2-Compromise: usability in 1-dimensional statistical database', Fifteenth Australasian Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms, pp. 5-15.

Mathieson, L, Prieto, E & Shaw, P 1970, 'Packing Edge Disjoint Triangles: A Parameterized View', PARAMETERIZED AND EXACT COMPUTATION, PROCEEDINGS, 1st International Conference on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IWPEC 2004), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Bergen, NORWAY, pp. 127-137.
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McBride, T, Henderson-Sellers, B, Zowghi, D & society, IC 1970, 'Project management capability levels: An empirical study', 11TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, IEEE, Busan,Korea, pp. 56-63.
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McBride, TM, Henderson-Sellers, B & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Monitoring and controlling software development projects', Proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS 2004), European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, EMCIS, Tunis,Tunisia, pp. 0-0.

Niazi, M, Wilson, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Critical barriers for software process improvement implementation: An empirical study', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, IASTED Software Engineering Conference, ACTA Press, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 389-395.

Niazi, M, Wilson, D, Zowghi, D & Wong, B 1970, 'A model for the implementation of software process improvement: An empirical study', PRODUCT FOCUSED SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT, Product Focused Software Process Improvement, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Nara, Japan, pp. 1-16.
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Advances have been made in the development of software process improvement (SPI) standards and models, i.e. Capability Maturity Model (CMM), more recently CMMI, and ISOrsquos SPICE. However, these advances have not been matched by equal advances in the adoption of these standards and models in software development which has resulted in limited success for many SPI efforts. The current problem with SPI is not a lack of a standard or model, but rather a lack of an effective strategy to successfully implement these standards or models. In the literature, much attention has been paid to ldquowhat activities to implementrdquo rather than ldquohow to implementrdquo these activities. We believe that identification of only ldquowhat activities to implementrdquo is not sufficient and that knowledge of ldquohow to implementrdquo is also required for successful implementation of SPI programmes. The aim of this research paper is to empirically explore the viewpoints and experiences of practitioners regarding SPI implementation and based on the findings to develop a model in order to guide practitioners in effectively implementing SPI programmes. This SPI implementation model has six phases and provides a very practical structure within which to implement SPI programmes in organizations.

Nurmuliani, N, Zowghi, D & Fowell, S 1970, 'Analysis of requirements volatility during software development life cycle', 2004 AUSTRALIAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 28-37.
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Nurmuliani, N, Zowghi, D, Williams, SP & society, IC 1970, 'Using card sorting technique to classify requirements change', 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 240-248.

Prior, JC & Lister, R 1970, 'The backwash effect on SQL skills grading', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Conference, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Leeds,UK, pp. 32-36.
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This paper examines the effect of grading approaches for SQL query formulation on students' learning strategies. The way that students are graded in a subject has a significant impact on their learning approach, and it is crucial that graded tasks are carefully designed and implemented to inculcate a deep learning experience. An online examination system is described and evaluated.

Schiefer, J & McGregor, C 1970, 'Correlating events for monitoring business processes', ICEIS 2004 - Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, pp. 320-327.
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With the increasing demand for real-time information on critical performance indicators of business processes, the capturing, transformation and correlation of real-world events with minimal latency are a prerequisite for improving the speed and effectiveness of an organization's business operations. Events often include key business information about their relationship to other events that can be utilized to collect relevant event data for the calculation of business performance indicators. In this paper we introduce an approach for correlating events of business processes that uses correlation sessions to represent correlation knowledge. Correlation sessions facilitate the processing of data across multiple events and thereby enable a calculating of business metrics in near real-time. The benefit over existing approaches is that it is tailored to instrument business processes and business applications that may operate in a heterogeneous software environment. We propose a Java-based, container-managed environment which provides a distributed, scalable, near-real time processing of events and which includes a correlation service that effectively manages correlation sessions. We also show a complete example that illustrates how correlation sessions can be utilized for computing the cycle time of business processes.

Serour, MK, Dagher, L, Prior, J & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'Open for agility: An action researchstudy of introducing method engineering into a government sector', PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT: ADVANCES IN THEORY, PRACTICE AND EDUCATION, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania, pp. 105-116.

Sheridan-Smith, NB, Colquitt, D, Soliman, JA, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 1970, 'Improving The User Experience Through Adaptive and Dynamic Service Management', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Application Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC 2004, Sydney, Australia, pp. 212-215.

Shi, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A Web-based decision Support System for Linear Bilevel Problems', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information (Info 2004), International Conference on Information, International Information Institute, Tokyo,Japan, pp. 257-260.

Shui Yu & Wanlei Zhou 1970, 'A Novel Middleware Based Web Database Model', IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'04), IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'04), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 533-536.
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Skillicorn, D, Simoff, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Catchpoole, DR 1970, 'Strategies for Winnowing Microarray Data', Proceedings SIAM Bioinformatics Workshop, SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Uppsala University, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA, pp. 45-51.

Sood, SC & Pattinson, HM 1970, 'Patterns of Negotiation: A New Way of Looking at Marketplace B2B Negotiations', ISSC 2004, Boston.

Steele, R, Ventsov, Y, Madhisetty, S & Benkovich, L 1970, 'A two-tier architecture for automated mobile applications', ITCC 2004: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 281-285.
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Emerging high bandwidth wireless infrastructure such as WiFi and Bluetooth networks make possible mobile applications that involve automated "conversations" between mobile devices and other land-based systems. By automated is meant that communication does not necessarily require human initiation or intervention. Such applications have been previously economically unviable on GSM/ GPRS networks due to the costs per call and/ or per data volume and technically challenging as providing for run-time flexibility in such communication poses semantic encoding difficulties. Nevertheless such applications are particularly well suited to mobile device interfaces, which have input and display limitations, as they minimize the required level of human user input. In this paper we propose a two-tier architecture for simple database-centric mobile applications, capable of such automated communication, that uses polymorphism to achieve run-time flexibility.

Steele, R, Ventsov, Y, Madhisetty, S & Benkovich, L 1970, 'A two-tier architecture for automated mobile applications', International Conference on Information Technology: Coding Computing, ITCC, pp. 281-285.
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View description>>

Emerging high bandwidth wireless infrastructure such as WiFi and Bluetooth networks make possible mobile applications that involve automated 'conversations' between mobile devices and other land-based systems. By automated is meant that communication does not necessarily require human initiation or intervention. Such applications have been previously economically unviabie on GSM/ GPRS networks due to the costs per call and/ or per data volume and technically challenging as providing for run-time flexibility in such communication poses semantic encoding difficulties. Nevertheless such applications are particularly well suited to mobile device interfaces, which have input and display limitations, as they minimize the required level of human user input. In this paper we propose a two-tier architecture for simple database-centric mobile applications, capable of such automated communication, that uses polymorphism to achieve run-time flexibility.

van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'Tangible computing in everyday life: Extending current frameworks for tangible user interfaces with personal objects', AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS, EUSAI'04, Springer-Verlag, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pp. 230-242.
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This paper describes an extension to Ullmer and Ishiiâs TUIcategorization [41]. The reason for adding new categories is based on their omission of their associative TUIs and our work in this area of personal objects. The benefit of using personal objects instead of generic objects is that in the first instance users already have mental models or personal links between experiences, the related media and these objects. In addition, a Graspable or Tangible User Interface with personal objects can support existing media systems, instead of designing new ones that have to be learned by users.

van den Hoven, E, IJsselsteijn, W, Kortuem, G, van Laerhoven, K, McLelland, I, Perik, E, Romero, N & de Ruyter, B 1970, 'Adjunct Proceedings of the Second European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI 2004)', EUSAI'04, EUSAI'04, ACM, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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EUSAI 2004, the second European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, was held on November 8 - 10 2004 at Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands. EUSAI 2004 followed a successful first event in 2003, organized by Philips Research. EUSAI turned out to be a timely initiative that created a forum for bringing together European researchers, working on different disciplines all contributing towards the human-centric technological vision of Ambient Intelligence. Compared to conferences working on similar and overlapping fields, the first EUSAI is characterized by a strong industrial focus reflected in the program committee and the content of the program. As program chairs of EUSAI 2004 we have tried to preserve the character for this event and its combined focus on the original four major thematic areas: ubiquitous computing, context awareness, intelligence and natural interaction. This was reflected in the call for proposals and the constitution of the review committee. Further, we have tried to make EUSAI, which started as a symposium, grow into a full-fledged double-track conference. EUSAI included events such as a tutorial and workshop program, a poster and demonstration exhibition, a student design competition and three invited keynotes: Ted Selker from MIT, Tom Rodden from the University of Nottingham and Tom Erickson from IBM. This Adjunct-Proceedings volume includes the extended abstracts of the submissions in the following categories: demonstrations, posters, tutorials and workshops. All submissions have been reviewed to ensure the quality of the proceedings and have been revised to reflect the comments by reviewers.

Voinov, A, Fitz, C, Boumans, R & Costanza, R 1970, 'Modular ecosystem modeling', Environmental Modelling & Software, 51st Annual Meeting of the Congress-of-Neurological-Surgeons, Elsevier BV, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 285-304.
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Whitehead, DJ, Skusa, A & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Evaluating an evolutionary approach for reconstructing gene regulatory networks', ARTIFICIAL LIFE IX, 9th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Artificial Life (ALIFE9), MIT PRESS, Boston, MA, pp. 427-432.

Wu, F, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'An fuzzy goal approximate algorithm for fuzzy multiple objective linear programming problems', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information (Info 2004), International Conference on Information, International Information Institute, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 261-264.

Wu, F, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'FMODSS: A decision support system for solving multiple objective linear programming problem with fuzzy parameter', The 2004 IFIP International Conference on Decision Support Systems (DSS2004) Conference Proceedings, IFIP International Conference on Decision Support Systems, Monash University, Prato,Italy, pp. 0-0.

Wu, F, Lu, R & Zhang, G 1970, 'A fuzzy goal approximate algorithm to fuzzy multiple objective decision-making', PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, 3rd International Conference on Information and Management Science, CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIV, Dunhuang, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 182-187.

Wu, FJ, Lu, J & Zhang, GQ 1970, 'A decision support system for multiple objective linear programming with fuzzy parameters', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERNECE ON E-TECHNOLOGY, E-COMMERE AND E-SERVICE, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 425-428.
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A new approximate algorithm has been developed by Wu et al. for solving fuzzy multiple objective linear programming (FMOLP) problems with fuzzy parameters in any form of membership function in both objective functions and constraints. Based on the approximate algorithm, a fuzzy multiple objective decision support system (FMODSS) is developed. This paper focuses on the description of use for FMODSS in detail, and an example is presented for demonstrating how to solve a FMOLP problem by the FMODSS.

Wu, FJ, Zhang, GQ & Lu, J 1970, 'A fuzzy goal approximate algorithm for solving multiple objective linear programming problems with fuzzy parameters', APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Blankenberghe, Belgium, pp. 304-307.
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Many business decisions can be modeled as multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) problems. When formulating a MOLP problem, objective functions and constraints involve many parameters which possible values are assigned by the experts who are often imprecisely or ambiguously known. So, it would be more appropriate for these parameters to be represented by fuzzy numbers. In this paper, a new fuzzy goal approximate algorithm is developed for solving fuzzy multiple objective linear programming (FMOLP) problems with fuzzy parameters when the fuzzy goals for the objective functions need to be achieved. And an illuminative example is also given to illustrate the algorithm developed.

Yusop, N, Lowe, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'A domain framework for representation of Web system impacts', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS - WISE 2004, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 491-502.
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In web systems development, the business environment, processes and the related Web systems are interdependent. The business domain not only drives the identification of system needs, but the business is fundamentally changed by the introduction or evolution of the system. This results in Web systems that are highly volatile with complex inter-dependencies with the business domain. In this paper we describe a framework which allows us to describe and structure these interdependencies, particularly focusing on the concept of mutual constitution. The result is a consistent terminology and a basis for more effective reasoning about the business consequences of introducing and changing Web systems. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

Zhang, G, Bai, C, Lu, J & Zhang, C 1970, 'Bayesian Network based Cost Benefit Factor Inference in Eservices', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 464-469.

van den Hoven, E 2004, 'Graspable Cues for Everyday Recollecting'.
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The main purpose of the work described in this thesis is to acquire design recommendations for a digital device that helps people in recollecting their personal memories in the context of the home. The work was carried out as part of a project at Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven and as a consequence both the project context as well as the industrial context influenced the content of this thesis. The project team at Philips Research decided to build a demonstrator of a 'Memory Browser' and the Ambient Intelligence research program shaped the industrial context of this project. To get to the design recommendations for this Recollection-Supporting Device several studies were performed. The first study tested with questionnaires how people use souvenirs in the home. It confirmed that souvenirs can be seen as external memory and that they are suitable as tangibles in a graspable user interface for the Recollection-Supporting Device. The second study focused the analysis, design, implementation and evaluation of a user interface for browsing and viewing digital photos on a touch screen device. This user interface consisted of a graphical and a graspable user interface, the latter using personal souvenirs as tangible user interface controls. The research into the use of tangibles led to an extension of the current Graspable UI-categorization. The Digital Photo Browser raised some issues on memory cuing. Therefore an experiment was conducted which compared the effect of cue-modality (odor, physical object, photo, sound and video) on the number of memories people had from a unique one-day event. During this event all above-mentioned modalities were present and they were later used to cue the participants when filling out questionnaires. Against expectation the no-cue condition (in effect only a question asking the participants to write down their memories) created on average significantly more memories than any of the cued conditions combined with the sam...