Publications

Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2004, 'GPS-based route discovery algorithms for on-demand routing protocols in MANETs' in Battiti, R, Conti, M & Cigno, RL (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2928 - Wireless On-Demand Network Systems, Springer-Verlag, Germany, pp. 144-157.
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This papers presents new Global Positioning System (GPS)-based route discovery algorithms for on-demand routing in MANETs, called Position-based Selective Flooding (PSF). We applied our route discovery algorithm to our previous routing protocol, which is called Location-based Point-to-point Adaptive routing (LPAR) protocol and investigated its performance by simulation. Simulation results show that our position based flooding algorithm produce fewer routing overheads than the pure flooding, expanding ring search (used in AODV), LAR1 and our existing LPAR strategy, as network traffic and density is increased. Furthermore, we propose a number of improvements and variations which can be used instead of, or to further improve the performance of PSF under different network conditions.

Papagiannaki, K, Veitch, D & Hohn, N 2004, 'Origins of Microcongestion in an Access Router' in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 126-136.
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Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & Dutkiewicz, E 2004, 'A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks', Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-22.
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The 1990s have seen a rapid growth of research interests in mobile ad hoc networking. The infrastructureless and the dynamic nature of these networks demands new set of networking strategies to be implemented in order to provide efficient end-to-end communication. This, along with the diverse application of these networks in many different scenarios such as battlefield and disaster recovery, have seen MANETs being researched by many different organisations and institutes. MANETs employ the traditional TCP/IP structure to provide end-to-end communication between nodes. However, due to their mobility and the limited resource in wireless networks, each layer in the TCP/IP model require redefinition or modifications to function efficiently in MANETs. One interesting research area in MANET is routing. Routing in the MANETs is a challenging task and has received a tremendous amount of attention from researches. This has led to development of many different routing protocols for MANETs, and each author of each proposed protocol argues that the strategy proposed provides an improvement over a number of different strategies considered in the literature for a given network scenario. Therefore, it is quite difficult to determine which protocols may perform best under a number of different network scenarios, such as increasing node density and traffic. In this paper, we provide an overview of a wide range of routing protocols proposed in the literature. We also provide a performance comparison of all routing protocols and suggest which protocols may perform best in large networks.

Adistambha, K, Ritz, CH, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2004, 'An Investigation into Embedded Audio Coding Using An AAC Perceptually Lossless Base Layer', Proceedings of Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology (SST2004), pp. 227-230.

Agrawal, A & Sharma, A 2004, 'Perfectly matched layer in numerical wave propagation: factors that affect its performance', Applied Optics, vol. 43, no. 21, pp. 4225-4225.
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Apkarian, P, Noll, D, Thevenet, J-B & Duong Tuan, H 2004, 'A Spectral Quadratic-SDP Method with Applications to Fixed-Order H2 and H∞ Synthesis', European Journal of Control, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 527-538.
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Apkarian, P, Noll, D, Thevenet, JB & Tuan, HD 2004, 'A spectral quadratic-SDP method with applications to fixed-order H 2 and H∞ synthesis', 2004 5th Asian Control Conference, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1337-1345.
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In this paper, we discuss a spectral quadratic-SDP method for the iterative resolution of fixed-order H2 and H∞ design problems. These problems can be cast as regular SDP programs with additional nonlinear equality constraints. When the inequalities are absorbed into a Lagrangian function the problem reduces to solving a sequence of SDPs with quadratic objective function for which a spectral SDP method has been developed. Along with a description of the spectral SDP method used to solve the tangent subproblems, we report a number of computational results for validation purposes.

Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2004, 'Neighbor Cache Prefetching for Multimedia Image and Video Processing', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 539-552.
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Dholakia, K, Little, H, Brown, CTA, Agate, B, McGloin, D, Paterson, L & Sibbett, W 2004, 'Imaging in optical micromanipulation using two-photon excitation', New Journal of Physics, vol. 6, pp. 136-136.
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Garcés-Chávez, V, Roskey, D, Summers, MD, Melville, H, McGloin, D, Wright, EM & Dholakia, K 2004, 'Optical levitation in a Bessel light beam', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 85, no. 18, pp. 4001-4003.
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A vertically oriented zero order Bessel light beam is shown to create a one-dimensional array of trapped particles over extended (millimeter) distances. The particles take up equilibrium positions over the entire length of the beam and this is a consequence of the interplay between optical scattering and the self-healing properties of the Bessel beam. This work has analogies to recent studies of optically bound matter and allows for the simple creation of one-dimensional particle chains and their subsequent spectroscopic analysis.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2004, 'E-Shaped Patch Antennas for High-Speed Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 3213-3219.
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Thin, broad-band, E-shaped microstrip patch antennas (ESPAs), operating in the 5-6 GHz frequency range, are presented. They are intended for high-speed (IEEE 802.11a, 54 Mb/s) wireless computer local area networks (WLAN) and other wireless communication systems. They are suitable for WLAN adaptor cards in the PCMCIA (also known as PC) format, allowing users of current notebook computers to upgrade to this high-speed wireless standard at a low cost. Importantly, our antennas are thin enough to be accommodated in a PCMCIA card of standard 5-mm thickness, without making the antenna end thicker than the card itself. Two different closely spaced antenna pairs are also presented for diversity. A new ESPA configuration with a microstrip feed is presented for easy integration with microwave transceivers. In all cases, within the two IEEE 802.11a WLAN bands (5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz), the reflection coefficient at the antenna input is < -10 dB and in both antenna pair. s, mutual coupling between the two antennas is < -20 dB. © 2004 IEEE.

Gefferth, A, Veitch, D, Ruzsa, I, Maricza, I & Molnár, S 2004, 'A New Class of Second Order Self-Similar Processes', Stochastic Models, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 381-389.
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Glinos, N, Hoang, DB, Nguyen, C & Symvonis, A 2004, 'Video-on-demand based on delayed-multicast: Algorithmic support', COMPUTER JOURNAL, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 545-559.
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Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2004, 'An improved method for predicting magnetic power losses in SMC electrical machines', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS, vol. 19, no. 1-4, pp. 75-78.

Ha, QP & Rye, DC 2004, 'A control architecture for robotic excavation in construction', COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 28-41.
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Ha, QP & Trinh, H 2004, 'Observer-based control of multi-agent systems under decentralized information', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 719-728.
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This paper addresses the problem of decentralized implementation of a global state feedback controller for multi-agent systems. The system is assumed to be under the constraint of a complete decentralized information structure. The decentralization of the control task is achieved through the construction of low-order decentralized functional observers with the purpose of generating the required corresponding control signal for each local control station. A design procedure is developed for obtaining an approximate solution to the design of the observers. Stability analysis is provided for the global system using the proposed observer-based approach. A numerical example is given to illustrate the design procedure and cases when the observers' order increases from the lowest value.

Ha, QP & Trinh, H 2004, 'State and input simultaneous estimation for a class of nonlinear systems', AUTOMATICA, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1779-1785.
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This paper addresses the problem of estimating simultaneously the state and input of a class of nonlinear systems. Here, the systems nonlinear part comprises a Lipschitz nonlinear function with respect to the state and input, and a state-dependent unknown function including additive disturbance as well as uncertain/nonlinear/time-varying terms. Upon satisfying some conditions, the observer design problem can be solved via a Riccati inequality or a LMI-based technique with asymptotic estimation guaranteed. A numerical example is included for illustration. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hoang, NT, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Hosoe, S 2004, 'Gain-Scheduled Filtering for Time-Varying Discrete Systems', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2464-2476.
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This paper deals with the design of gain-scheduled filters, whose state-space realization depends on real-time parameters of plants. Similar to well-recognized advantages of gain-scheduled controllers in control theory, gain-scheduled filters are expecte

Hoang, NT, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Hosoe, S 2004, 'Robust Filtering for Discrete Nonlinear Fractional Transformation Systems', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 587-592.
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In this brief, we consider robust filtering problems for uncertain discrete-time systems. The uncertain plants under consideration possess nonlinear fractional transformation (NFT) representations which are a generalization of the classical linear fracti

Iacopi, F, Laknin, M, Mulloy, A, den Toonder, JMJ, Vanhaeren, D & Brongersma, SH 2004, 'On factors affecting the extraction of elastic modulus by nanoindentation of organic polymer films', MRS Proceedings, vol. 841.
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ABSTRACTA detailed study of nanoindentation in Continuous Stiffness Mode (CSM) on a family of aromatic thermosetting polymers is carried out to identify the causes for the large variability in the extracted values of the elastic modulus of organic polymer films.It is shown that the variation of parameters determining the dynamics of the force application such as the CSM frequency, the actual strain or load rate, and the duration of the waiting time segments can lead up to 20% difference in the estimated elastic modulus. The reason for this is related to creep, more specifically to viscoelastic behaviour, typical of organic films. On the other hand, pile-up is shown to have a negligible effect on the extraction of the elastic modulus from indentation depths below 50% of the film thickness, even for films with hardness as low as 0.13GPa. It is also concluded that neither pile-up nor creep phenomena can account for the overestimation of the elastic modulus with nanoindentation as compared to the values extracted with the surface acoustic waves technique.

Iacopi, F, Stucchi, M, Richard, O & Maex, K 2004, 'Electrical equivalent sidewall damage in patterned low-k dielectrics', ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. G79-G82.
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Kong, X 2004, 'INS algorithm using quaternion model for low cost IMU', Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 221-246.
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Kong, X, Liu, L & Lowe, D 2004, 'Separation of concerns: A web application architecture framework', Journal of Digital Information, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-20.
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Architecture frameworks have been extensively developed and described within the literature. These frameworks typically support and guide organisations during system planning, design, building, deployment and maintenance. Their main pupose is to provide clarity to the different modelling perspectives, abstractions, and domains of consideration within system development. In dpoing so they allow improved clarity with regard to the connections between the different models, and the selection of models tht are most likely to capture salient features of the system. In this paper we present an Architectural Framework which takes into account the specific characteristics of web systems. The framework is based around a two dimensional matrix. One dimension separates the concerns of different participants of the web system into perspectives. The second dimension classifies each perspective into development abstractions: structure (what), behaviour (how), location (where) and pattern. The framework is illustrated through examples from the development of a commercial web application.

Kong, X, Liu, L & Lowe, DB 2004, 'Critical Feature Method - A Lightweight Web Maintenance Methodology for SMEs', Journal of Digital Information, vol. 5, no. 2.

Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & Tam, PKS 2004, 'Function estimation using a neural-fuzzy network and an improved genetic algorithm', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 243-260.
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This paper presents the estimation of the transmission gains for an AC power line data network in an intelligent home. The estimated gains ensure the transmission reliability and efficiency. A neural-fuzzy network with rule switches is proposed to perform the estimation. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed to tune the parameters and the rules of the proposed neural-fuzzy network. By turning on or off the rule switches, an optimal rule base can be obtained. An application example will be given. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lavian, T, Hoang, DB, Travostino, F, Wang, PYH, Subramanian, S & Monga, I 2004, 'An extensible, programmable, commercial-grade platform for Internet service architecture', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 58-68.
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With their increasingly sophisticated applications, users promote the notion that there is more to a network (be it an intranet, or the Internet) than mere L1-3 connectivity. In what shapes a next generation service contract between users and the network, users want the network to offer services that are as ubiquitous and dependable as dial tones. Typical services include application-aware firewalls, directories, nomadic support, virtualization, load balancing, alternate site failover, etc. To fulfill this vision, a service architecture is needed. That is, an architecture wherein end-to-end services compose, on-demand, across network domains, technologies, and administration boundaries. Such an architecture requires programmable mechanisms and programmable network devices for service enabling, service negotiation, and service management. The bedrock foundation of the architecture, and also the key focus of the paper, is an open-source programmable service platform that is explicitly designed to best exploit commercial-grade network devices. The platform predicates a full separation of concerns, in that control-intensive operations are executed in software, whereas, data-intensive operations are delegated to hardware. This way, the platform is capable of performing wire-speed content filtering, and activating network services according to the state of data and control flows. The paper describes the platform and some distinguishing services realized on the platform.

Leung, FHF, Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Tam, PKS 2004, 'Optimal and stable fuzzy controllers for nonlinear systems based on an improved genetic algorithm', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 172-182.
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This paper addresses the optimization and stabilization problems of nonlinear systems subject to parameter uncertainties. The methodology is based on a fuzzy logic approach and an improved genetic algorithm (GA). The TSK fuzzy plant model is employed to describe the dynamics of the uncertain nonlinear plant. A fuzzy controller is then obtained to close the feedback loop. The stability conditions are derived. The feedback gains of the fuzzy controller and the solution for meeting the stability conditions are determined using the improved GA. In order to obtain the optimal fuzzy controller, the membership functions are further tuned by minimizing a defined fitness function using the improved GA. An application example on stabilizing a two-link robot. arm will be given.

Leung, KF, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK & Ling, SH 2004, 'On interpretation of graffiti digits and characters for eBooks: Neural-fuzzy network and genetic algorithm approach', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 464-471.
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This paper presents the rule optimization, tuning of the membership functions, and optimization of the number of fuzzy rules, of a neural-fuzzy network (NFN) using a genetic algorithm (GA). The objectives are achieved by training a proposed NFN with rule switches. The proposed NFN and GA are employed to interpret graffiti number inputs and commands for electronic books (eBooks).

Lin, ZW & Zhu, JG 2004, 'Vortex penetration in shunted type II superconducting strips', Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. S557-S562.
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To investigate the magnetic properties of electrical contact between the superconducting filaments in a multifilament tape, this paper studies the vortex motion across a simpler planar model of the tape, namely an array of superconducting film strips with shorted ends, a 'shunted-x-array'. The vortex motion visualized by magneto-optical imaging is discussed when external currents, magnetic fields, and both simultaneously are applied. When transport current alone is applied, the flux distribution in the shunted-x-array strips is very similar to that in a single strip. However, the behaviour is completely different in the presence of an external magnetic field. The induced current flows around the entire sample to shield the inner region, while the vortices penetrate first into the outermost strips, and then into the next strips in turn as the field increases. For this case, the flux distribution is symmetrical about the central vertical line of the sample. When current and field are simultaneously applied, the vortex penetration into the sample is no longer symmetrical because the resultant current is not a simple linear superposition of the induced and applied currents.

Lukasiak, J, Burnett, IS, Drury, G, Agostinho, G, Bennett, S, Lockyear, L & Harper, B 2004, 'A Framework for the Flexible Content Packaging of Learning Objects and Learning Designs', Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 465-481.

McGloin, D, Carruthers, AE, Dholakia, K & Wright, EM 2004, 'Optically bound microscopic particles in one dimension', Physical Review E, vol. 69, no. 2.
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O'Dwyer, MF, Potard, G & Burnett, IS 2004, 'A 16-Speaker 3D Audio-Visual Display Interface and Control System', Proceedings of ICAD 04. Tenth Meeting of the International Conference on Auditory Display.

Perry, SW & Guan, L 2004, 'A Recurrent Neural Network for Detecting Objects in Sequences of Sector-Scan Sonar Images', IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 857-871.
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Perry, SW & Guan, L 2004, 'Pulse-Length-Tolerant Features and Detectors for Sector-Scan Sonar Imagery', IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 138-156.
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Potard, G & Burnett, I 2004, 'DECORRELATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE RENDERING OF APPARENT SOUND SOURCE WIDTH IN 3D AUDIO DISPLAYS', Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Audio Effects, DAFx, pp. 280-284.
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The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the techniques and principles for rendering the apparent source extent of sound sources in 3D audio displays. We mainly focus on techniques that use decorrelation as a mean to decrease the Interaural Cross-Correlation Coefficient (IACC) which has a direct impact on the perceived source extent. We then present techniques where decorrelation is varied in time and frequency, allowing to create temporal and spectral variations in the spatial extent of sound sources. Frequency dependant decorrelation can be employed to create an effect where a sound is spatially split in its different frequency bands, these having different positions and spatial extents. We finally present results of psychoacoustic experiments aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of decorrelation based techniques for the rendering of sound source extent. We found that the intended source extent matches well the mean perceived source extent by subjects.

Potard, G & Burnett, IS 2004, 'A 3-D Audio Scene Description Scheme Based on XML', AES 25th Annual Conference: Metadata for Audio, pp. 102-112.

Potard, G & Burnett, IS 2004, 'Control and Measurement of Apparent Sound Source Width and its Applications to Sonification and Virtual Auditory Displays', Proceedings of ICAD 2004.

Rong, L & Burnett, IS 2004, 'Application Level Session Hand-Off Management in a Ubiquitous Multimedia Environment', Proceedings of ICETE (3) 2004, pp. 223-229.

Ryu, H & Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'A study of image segmentation based on a robust data clustering method', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 27-35.
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AbstractThis paper considers intelligent image clustering and proposes a clustering method based on the self‐organizing mechanism, which is an adaptive and autonomous algorithm. The proposed method solves the problem of initial value setting, which has been a difficulty in the conventional clustering method, and has the feature that the effective clusters are always self‐organized. A method is realized which is robust and does not require empirical setting of the initial value. Thus, the effective initial cluster can always be selected for various kinds of data sets, and an excellent clustering is obtained. A method is proposed in which these features are utilized in image segmentation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(7): 27–35, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10154

Satoh, H, Yoshida, N & Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'Analysis of Polarization Plane Rotation Property in 2D Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Chiral Medium by Condensed Node Spatial Network', IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 229-235.
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Shamiryan, D, Abell, T, Iacopi, F & Maex, K 2004, 'Low-k dielectric materials', Materials Today, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 34-39.
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The integration of low dielectric constant (k) materials in microelectronic circuits was discussed. The various ways to reduce the dielectric constant of materials were also discussed. The studies show that the dielectric constant of materials can be reduced by selecting chemical bonds with low polarizability and by introducing porosity. The thermal, chemical, physical and mechanical stability requirements, as well as the reliability criteria that must be met by low-k materials, for their application in microelectronic circuits, were also discussed.

Shamiryan, D, Abell, T, Iacopi, F & Maex, K 2004, 'Low-k dielectric materials', MATERIALS TODAY, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 34-39.
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Shao, KR, Guo, Y & Lavers, JD 2004, 'Multiresolution Analysis for Reconstruction of Conductivity Profiles in Eddy Current Nondestructive Evaluation Using Probe Impedance Data', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 2101-2103.
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Sharma, A & Agrawal, A 2004, 'New method for nonparaxial beam propagation', Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1082-1082.
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Smith, D, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, I 2004, 'Two Channel, Block Adaptive Audio Separation Using the Cross Correlation of Time Frequency Information', INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND BLIND SIGNAL SEPARATION, vol. 3195, pp. 889-897.
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Su, SW, Bao, J & Lee, PL 2004, 'Analysis of decentralized integral controllability for nonlinear systems', COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1781-1787.
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his paper extends the concept of decentralized integral controllability to nonlinear process, and presents a steady state sufficient condition by using the singular perturbation theory. A numerical method is provided to facilitate the analysis of the proposed condition and is illustrated using an example of a dual tank level control system.

Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P, Narikiyo, T & Kanota, M 2004, 'New Fuzzy Control Model and Dynamic Output Feedback Parallel Distributed Compensation', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13-21.
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A new fuzzy modeling based on fuzzy linear fractional transformations model is introduced. This new representation is shown to be a flexible tool for handling complicated nonlinear models. Particularly, the new fuzzy model provides an efficient and tract

Xu, M, Duan, L-Y, Cai, J, Chia, L-T, Xu, C & Tian, Q 2004, 'HMM-Based Audio Keyword Generation', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 3333, pp. 566-574.
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With the exponential growth in the production creation of multimedia data, there is an increasing need for video semantic analysis. Audio, as a significant part of video, provides important cues to human perception when humans are browsing and understanding video contents. To detect semantic content by useful audio information, we introduce audio keywords which are sets of specific audio sounds related to semantic events. In our previous work, we designed a hierarchical Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for audio keyword identification. However, a weakness of our previous work is that audio signals are artificially segmented into 20 ms frames for frame-based SVM identification without any contextual information. In this paper, we propose a classification method based on Hidden Markov Modal (HMM) for audio keyword identification as an improved work instead of using hierarchical SVM classifier. Choosing HMM is motivated by the successful story of HMM in speech recognition. Unlike the frame-based SVM classification followed by major voting, our proposed HMM-based classifiers treat specific sound as a continuous time series data and employ hidden states transition to capture context information. In particular, we study how to find an effective HMM, i.e., determining topology, observation vectors and statistical parameters of HMM. We also compare different HMM structures with different hidden states, and adjust time series data with variable length. Experimental data includes 40 minutes basketball audio which comes from real-time sports games. Experimental results show that, for audio keyword generation, the proposed HMM-based method outperforms the previous hierarchical SVM. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

Yoshizawa, S, Hayasaka, N, Wada, N & Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'Cepstral amplitude range normalization for noise robust speech recognition', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E87-D, no. 8, pp. 2130-2137.
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This paper describes a noise robustness technique that normalizes the cepstral amplitude range in order to remove the influence of additive noise. Additive noise causes speech feature mismatches between testing and training environments and it degrades recognition accuracy in noisy environments. We presume an approximate model that expresses the influence by changing the amplitude range and the DC component in the log-spectra. According to this model, we propose a cepstral amplitude range normalization (CARN) that normalizes the cepstral distance between maximum and minimum values. It can estimate noise robust features without prior knowledge or adaptation. We evaluated its performance in an isolated word recognition task by using the Noisex92 database. Compared with the combinations of conventional methods, the CARN could improve recognition accuracy under various SNR conditions.

Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Yoshida, N 2004, 'A high‐speed HMM VLSI module with block parallel processing', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 12-23.
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AbstractThis paper considers the continuous distribution HMM and discusses speed improvement by parallel processing and VLSI design, aiming at the realization of a high‐speed speech recognition LSI. The continuous distribution HMM has high recognition performance. But a large amount of computation is required for the calculation of the output probability, and speed improvement is highly desirable. Regarding speed improvement of the output probability calculation, this paper proposes blockwise parallel processing and an architecture for performance. The minimum optimal bit width is investigated for recognition by fixed‐point operations. Based on the proposed architecture, VLSI design for an HMM is performed and the result is evaluated. It is shown that the proposed architecture has sufficient power to construct a recognition system that can respond in real time, requiring 3 ms for the recognition processing of 100 words. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 12–23, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10099

Abell, T, Iacopi, F, Prokopowicz, G, Sun, B, Mazurenko, A, Travaly, Y, Baklanov, M, Jonas, A, Sullivan, C, Brongersma, S, Liou, HC, Tower, J, Gostein, M, Gallagher, M, Calvert, J, Moinpour, M & Maex, K 1970, 'Comparison of modulus and density measurements by nanoindentation, SAWS, XRR and EP techniques of a porous low k MSQ dielectric', ADVANCED METALLIZATION CONFERENCE 2004 (AMC 2004), 21st Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC 2004), MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC, San Diego, CA, pp. 457-462.

Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Chicharo, J & ieee 1970, 'A routing strategy for heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 6TH CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: FRONTIERS OF MOBILE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1 AND 2, Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication, 2004., In the 5th IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 13-16.
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This paper presents a new routing strategy for heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. We refer to this strategy as On-demand Utility-Based Routing Protocol (OUBRP). This protocol introduces a Utility-Based route discovery strategy, which aims to minimise the number of control packets disseminated into the network during route discovery by efficiently using available resources at each node. Furthermore, we propose a new strategy to eliminate uni-directional links during the route discovery phase. We refer to this strategy as Uni-directional Link Elimination (ULE). We performed a simulation study to compare the performance of OUBRP with a number of different routing protocols proposed for MANETs. Our results show that OUBRP compared to other routing strategies produces significantly fewer control packets and achieves higher levels of successful packet delivery with increasing number of nodes. Furthermore, we propose a number of alternative Uni-directional Link Elimination strategies.

Baklanov, MR, Le, QT, Kesters, E, Iacopi, F, Van Aelst, J, Struyf, H, Boullart, W, Vanhaelemeersch, S, Maex, K & IEEE 1970, 'Challenges of clean/strip processing for Cu/Low-k technology.', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 7th Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, Burlingame, CA, pp. 187-189.
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Brookes, WC 1970, 'Computing Theory with Relevance', Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Computing Education Conference ACE2004, Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australian Computer Society Inc, Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 9-13.

Brookes, WC & Kanagasabai, L 1970, 'A generic Architecture for SOAP Transaction Management', Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Web Services: Modeling, Architecture and Infrastructure WSMAI 2004, International Workshop on Web Services: Modeling, Architecture and Infrastructure, Insticc Press, Porto, Portugal, pp. 95-102.

Ceglarek, T & Kong, X 1970, 'webXstream - An Optimal Methodology for Web Development', Proceedings of the 10th Australian World Wide Web Conference, Australian World Wide Web Conference, Norsearch Reprographics, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 171-184.

Chaczko, Z, Davis, D & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'I new perspectives on teaching and learning software systems-development in large groups', Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., IEEE, Instanbul, pp. 409-414.
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Chaczko, ZC & Braun, RM 1970, 'Modelling a Holonic Network System Using Cellular Automata for Detecting Traffic Congestion', WITSP'2004, 3rd Workshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing, IEEE, Adelaide.

Chaczko, ZC, Gulrez, T, Al-Hmouz, R & Braun, RM 1970, 'Modelling a Holonic Network System using Cellular Automata for Detecting Traffic Congestion', Proceedings The 3rd Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing WITSP'2004, Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Cheng, ED, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Stochastic boats generated acoustic target signal detection in time-frequency domain', Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2004., Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2004., IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 429-432.
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This paper is devoted to theoretic algorithms development and experimental research of automatic target detection of acoustic signals, especially for boats generated signals. In this paper, an observation space is created by sampling and dividing input analog acoustic signal into multiple frames and each frame is transformed into frequency domain. In the created observation space, a median constant false alarm rate (MCFAR) and post detection integration algorithms have been proposed for an effective automatic target detection of boat generated acoustic signals, in which a low constant false alarm rate is kept with relative high detection rate. The proposed algorithms have been tested on real boat generated acoustic signals. The statistical analysis and experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm has kept a very low false alarm rate and relatively high detection rate.

Figueira, S, Naiksatam, S, Cohen, H, Cutrell, D, Daspit, P, Gutierrez, D, Hoang, DB, Lavian, T, Mambretti, J, Merrill, S & Travostino, F 1970, 'DWDM-RAM: Enabling Grid services with dynamic optical networks', 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, CCGrid 2004, pp. 707-714.
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Advances in Grid technology enable the deployment of data-intensive distributed applications, which require moving Terabytes or even Petabytes of data between data banks. The current underlying networks cannot provide dedicated links with adequate end-to-end sustained bandwidth to support the requirements of these Grid applications. DWDM-RAM 1 is a novel service-oriented architecture, which harnesses the enormous bandwidth potential of optical networks and demonstrates their on-demand usage on the OMNInet. Preliminary experiments suggest that dynamic optical networks, such as the OMNInet, are the ideal option for transferring such massive amounts of data. DWDM-RAM incorporates an OGSI/OGSA compliant service interface and will promote greater convergence between dynamic optical networks and data intensive Grid computing.

Garcés-Chávez, V, McGloin, D, Summers, MD, Fernandez-Nieves, A, Spalding, GC, Cristobal, G & Dholakia, K 1970, 'The reconstruction of optical angular momentum after distortion in amplitude, phase and polarization', Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Singular Optics, IOP Publishing, Kiev, UKRAINE, pp. S235-S238.
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Gulrez, T, Al-Hmouz, R, Chaczko, Z & IEEE 1970, 'Unmanned autonomous vehicle control & SLAM problem in 2-D environment', INMIC 2004: 8th International Multitopic Conference, Proceedings, IEEE International Multioptic Conference, IEEE, Lahore, Pakistan, pp. 712-716.
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This paper proposes a method of selecting (autonomously) the artificial landmarks by Laser measurement, to establish the 2D obstacle map. Due to the error in the motion and measurement of the robot, the observed landmarks positions include the uncertainty. In this paper we discuss the simultaneous laser type localizaiton and map building (SLAW) problems. SLAM problem asks, is it possible for an autonomous vehicle to start in an unknown location in an unknown environment and then incrementally builds a map of this environment, while simultaneously using the map to compute the absolute vehicle location. From the results, we proved that a solution to the SLAM problem is indeed possible for 2D obstacle map. This implementation was made on Real time Player/Stage Robotics Software as well as the Matlab results were obtained, also we demonstrated how key issues such as, map management and data association can be handled in a practical eivironment.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Automated classification of female facial beauty by image analysis and supervised learning', VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING 2004, PTS 1 AND 2, SPIE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, IS&T & SPIE, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 968-978.
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The fact that perception of facial beauty may be a universal concept has long been debated amongst psychologists and anthropologists. In this paper, we performed experiments to evaluate the extent of beauty universality by asking a number of diverse human referees to grade a same collection of female facial images. Results obtained show that the different individuals gave similar votes, thus well supporting the concept of beauty universality. We then trained an automated classifier using the human votes as the ground truth and used it to classify an independent test set of facial images. The high accuracy achieved proves that this classifier can be used as a general, automated tool for objective classification of female facial beauty. Potential applications exist in the entertainment industry and plastic surgery.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Bimodal Modelling of Facila and Upper-Body Gesture for Affective HCI', Conference Proceedings of OZCHI 2004, Australian Computer Human Interaction Conference, Ergonomics Society of Australia, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Face and body gesture analysis for multimodal HCI', COMPUTER HUMAN INTERACTION: PROCEEDINGS, Asia-Pacific Computer Human Interaction Conference, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 583-588.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Face and Body gesture recognition for a vision-based multimodal analyser', Proceedings of the Pan-Sydney Area Workshop on Visual Information Processing (VIP2003), Pan-Sydney Area Workshop on Visual Information Processing, ACS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 19-28.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M, Jan, T & IEEE 1970, 'Comparative classification for pre-surgery planning', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 2168-2174.
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Recent medical studies show that there exist aesthetic ideal features for facial beauty based on facial proportions. Automated tools that can provide information about the prediction of how the surgery will improve the patients' perceived beauty or 'peer-esteem' will find applications in various areas. In our previous work, we introduced an automated procedure based on image analysis and supervised learning that confirmed the existence of general rules in peer-esteem measurement. In this paper, we further experimented our automated system by extending the analysis of classification tools and human data by comparing a number of classifiers, namely decision trees, multi-layer perceptron and kernel density estimators. Results are good since the standardized distance is generally less than one class, and prove that these classifiers can be used to reliably predict the consensus of a large and varied population of human referees, hence providing peer-esteem information for patients.

Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Improved Design and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Transverse Flux Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS2004), International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2004 Organiser, Jiju Island, Korea, pp. 1-4.

Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Study of Permanent Magnet Transverse Flux Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of the 2004 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference AUPEC2004, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC04, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Wu, W 1970, 'Design and Analysis of Electric Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of the 3rd Japanese Australia New Zealand Joint Seminar, The 3rd Japanese Australia New Zealand Joint Seminar, Japanese Magnetic Society, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-7.

Ha, QP, Nguyen, A & Trinh, HM 1970, 'Simultaneous State and Input Estimation with Application to a Two-Link Robotic System', Proceedings of the 5th Asian Control Conference, Asian Control Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 947-953.
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Scott, 1) Physical page no same as for other publication 'A Low-Order Linear......' ! 2) 2 X H Trinh at Deakin

Ha, QP, Nguyen, AD & Trinh, H 1970, 'Simultaneous state and input estimation with application to a two-link robotic system', 2004 5th Asian Control Conference, pp. 323-329.
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This paper addresses the problem of estimating simultaneously the state and input of a nonlinear system with application to a two link robotic manipulator - the Pendubot. The system nonlinearity comprises a Lipschitz function with respect to the state, and a nonlinear term which is a function of both the state and input. It is shown that under some conditions, an observer can be designed to estimate simultaneously the system's state and input. Simulation and experimental results, obtained around the inverted equilibrium position, are presented to demonstrate the validity of the approach.

Ha, QP, Tran, T & Trinh, HM 1970, 'Observer-Based Output Feedback Variable Structure Control with Application to a Two-Link Manipulator', Preprints of the 3rd IFAC Symposium on Mechatronics Systems, IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems, Casual Productions, Glenelg North, SA, Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 133-138.

Ha, QP, Tran, TH & Trinh, H 1970, 'Observer-Based Output Feedback Variable Structure Control with Application to a Two-Link Manipulator', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 127-132.
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Copyright © IFAC Mechatronic Systems, Sydney, Australia, 2004. This paper proposes an approach to design dynamic output feedback sliding mode controllers for mismatched uncertain systems that are subject to perturbations in the output measurements. An asymptotic observer is first developed for the estimation of both the system state and unknown input. These estimates are then used to implement the equivalent control and the robust control for the system's desired sliding dynamics. Simulation and experimental results obtained for the Pendubot, a two-link manipulator, are presented to demonstrate the validity of the approach.

Ha, QP, Trinh, HM & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A Low-Order Linear Functional Observer for Time Delay Systems', Proceedings of the 5th Asian Control Conference, Asian Control Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 947-955.
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Scott, 1)there are two Names H Trinh as stapled to front yellow page. & 2) the page numbers are the same as physically on the print off of Ha's other Public in this Conf 'Simultaneous State... ' !!

Ha, QP, Wu, Y, Samali, B & Li, J 1970, 'Earthquake Response of a Building Model with Base-Isolated Active Control', Preprints of the 3rd IFAC Symposium on Mechatronics Systems, IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems, Casual Productions, Glenelg North, SA, Sydney, Australia, pp. 687-692.
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Place published ?- CD ROM

Ha, QP, Wu, YM, Samali, B & Li, J 1970, 'Earthquake Response of a Building Model with Base-Isolated Active Control', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 641-646.
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Copyright © IFAC Mechatronic Systems, Sydney, Australia, 2004. Base-isolated active control is employed in this paper for the protection of tall buildings against strong earthquakes with application to a five-storey benchmark building model. The control system consists of a base isolation system (laminated rubber bearings) connected to an active control system (a tuned mass damper and an actuator). Linear functional observers are used to reconstruct the control signal for systems with a limited number of sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is tested with different ground motions: El-Centro 1940. Hachinohe 1968, Kobe 1995, and Northridge 1994 earthquakes. Numerical results show that the rubber bearing system alone can perform well against Hachinohe, Kobe, and Northridge ground motions, but not well enough to protect the model against El-Centro ground motion. With an active control system implemented to the rubber-isolated model, significant improvements in earthquake resistance against these four earthquakes arc obtained, especially against the El-Centro.

Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A study of robust speech recognition using FRM filter', 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004., TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE.
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Hayasaka, N, Wada, N, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A robust speech recognition system using FRM running spectrum filtering', First International Symposium on Control, Communications and Signal Processing, 2004., 2004 First International Symposium on Control, Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE.
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He, S, Wang, H, Hintz, TB & Wu, Q 1970, 'How Can Spiral Architecture Improve Image Compression?', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 226-230.

He, X, Hintz, T & Wu, Q 1970, 'Edge detection on spiral architecture: An overview', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, PDPTA'04, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 406-412.
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Gradient-based edge detection is a straightforward method to identify the edge points in the original grey-level image. It is intuitive that in the human vision system the edge points always appear where the greylevel value is greatly changed. Spiral Architecture is a relatively new image data structure that is inspired from anatomical considerations of the primate's vision. In Spiral Architecture, each image is represented as a collection of hexagonal pixels. Edge detection on Spiral Architecture has features of fast computation and accurate localization. In this paper, we briefly review the edge detection methods on Spiral Architecture including the edge focusing technique, bilateral filter, and triple-diagonal gradient. Parallel algorithms for edge detection will be discussed. We will also list problems for future work.

Hecker, M, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 1970, 'A Testbed for Ubiquitous Computing using Next Generation Mobile Networks', Proceedings of the 12th Collector Workshop on e-commerce Collector 2004, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Collector Group, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-11.

Hohn, N, Veitch, D, Papagiannaki, K & Diot, C 1970, 'Bridging router performance and queuing theory', ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), ACM, pp. 355-366.
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This paper provides an authoritative knowledge of through-router packet delays and therefore a better understanding of data network performance. Thanks to a unique experimental setup, we capture all packets crossing a router for 13 hours and present detailed statistics of their delays. These measurements allow us to build the following physical model for router performance: each packet experiences a minimum router processing time before entering a fluid output queue. Although simple, this model reproduces the router behaviour with excellent accuracy and avoids two common pitfalls. First we show that in-router packet processing time accounts for a significant portion of the overall packet delay and should not be neglected. Second we point out that one should fully understand both link and physical layer characteristics to use the appropriate bandwidth value.Focusing directly on router performance, we provide insights into system busy periods and show precisely how queues build up inside a router. We explain why current practices for inferring delays based on average utilization have fundamental problems, and propose an alternative solution to directly report router delay information based on busy period statistics.

Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH, Vandevelde, B, O'Toole, M, Degryse, D, Travaly, Y & Maex, K 1970, 'Challenges for structural stability of ultra-low-k-based interconnects', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Symposium on Characterization and Mechanical Reliability of Advanced Electronic Materials at Nanoscale, ELSEVIER, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 54-62.
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Iacopi, F, Degryse, D, Vos, I, Patz, M & Maex, K 1970, 'Understanding adhesion failure in low-k dielectric stack during chemical-mechanical polishing', THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES X, Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties X held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY, Boston, MA, pp. 131-136.

Iacopi, F, Travaly, Y, Stucchi, M, Struyf, H, Peeters, S, Jonckheere, R, Leunissen, LHA, Tokei, Z, Sutcliffe, V, Richard, O, Van Hove, M & Maex, K 1970, 'Processing damage and electrical performance of porous dielectrics in narrow spaced interconnects', MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGY AND RELIABILITY FOR ADVANCED INTERCONNECTS AND LOW-K DIELECTRICS-2004, Synposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability for Advanced Interconnects and Low-k Dielectrics held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY, San Francisco, CA, pp. 19-24.

Jan, T, Po-Hsiang Tsai, Piccarch, M & Hintz, T 1970, 'Efficient video object classifier using locality-enhanced support vector machines', 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), IEEE, The Hague, Netherlands, pp. 6373-6377.
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In multimedia applications such as MPEG-4, an ejicient model is required to encode and classih @ideo objects such as human, car and building. Recently Su,?port Vector Machine (SVM) has been shown to be a good c!assijer: however; its larxe computational requirementpmhibited its use in real time video pmcessing applications. In this paper: a modelispmposedthatenablesuseofSVMin video applications. Thispaper aims IO merge multi-scale basedxelecfive encoding/classification technique and locality-enhimced Support Vector Machine (SVM). Thepmposed model allows selected image scales (of interesr) ro be encoded and classified more accurafely by complex classifier such as ,SVM, whilst other image scales of less significance IO be encoded and classified by simpler encoder/classifiex Image sca Ies of interest are readily selectedfioni niulti-scale image processirigparadigm. SVMis used to encode visual object infirmation of significant image scale only: hence its use is ejicient. Experiment with MPEG-4 video object encoding and classification shows that the performance of the proposed ?!lode1 is comparable with other models, however with significarifly reduced computational requirements.

Jia, W, He, S & Lin, Q 1970, 'Echocardiography Sequential Images Compression Based on Region of Interest', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 232-237.

Jia, W, He, S & Wu, Q 1970, 'Edge Analysis on Rectangular and Hexagonal Architectures', Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 69-75.

Jia, W, He, X & Lin, Q 1970, 'Echocardiography sequential images compression based on region of interest', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 432-437.
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This paper describes the studies on methods of compression for medical echocardiography sequence, or called ultrasound sequential images in this paper. The aim is to find a combination of methods, which achieves the highest overall compression performance. Our approach is based on region of interest (ROI), i.e. to segment the image into several regions according to their spatial characteristics, and then compress them separately with different methods. In doing so, we are able to achieve a relatively high compression ratio of about 7.2 white preserving the lossless contents of important regions.

Jia, W, He, X & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic license plate recognition: A review', Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CISST'04, International Conference Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 43-49.
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In recent years, many researches on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been reported. Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is one form of ITS technology that not only recognizes and counts vehicles, but distinguishes each as unique by recognizing and recording the license plate's characters. This paper discusses the main techniques of ALPR. Several open problems are proposed at the end of the paper for future research.

Jian Guo Zhu & YouGuang Guo 1970, 'Study with magnetic property measurement of soft magnetic composite material and its application in electrical machines', Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting., Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting., IEEE, Seattle, WA, USA, pp. 373-380.
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This paper reports our study with the magnetic property measurements of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under both alternating and rotational magnetic excitations, and development of different electrical machines with SMC cores and three-dimensional magnetic field, such as claw pole and transverse flux motors. Three-dimensional finite element electromagnetic field analysis is conducted for determining some important parameters and optimizing the machine structures. The analysis methods are validated by the experimental results on two SMC motor prototypes.

Kong, X & Liu, L 1970, 'A Web Application Architecture Framework', Proceedings of the 10th Australian World Wide Web Conference, Australian World Wide Web Conference, Norsearch Reprographics, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 301-313.

Lavian, T, Mambretti, J, Cutrell, D, Cohen, H, Merrill, S, Durairaj, R, Daspit, P, Monga, I, Naiksatam, S, Figueira, S, Gutierrez, D, Hoang, D & Travostino, F 1970, 'DWDM-RAM: A data intensive grid service architecture enabled by dynamic optical networks', IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2004. CCGrid 2004., IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2004. CCGrid 2004., IEEE, Chicago, USA, pp. 762-764.
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Next generation applications and architectures (for example, Grids) are driving radical changes in the nature of traffic, service models, technology, and cost, creating opportunities for an advanced communications infrastructure to tackle next generation data services. To take advantage of these trends and opportunities, research communities are creating new architectures, such as the Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), which are being implemented in new prototype advanced infrastructures. The DWDM-RAM project, funded by DARPA, is actively addressing the challenges of next generation applications. DWDM-RAM is an architecture for data-intensive services enabled by next generation dynamic optical networks. It develops and demonstrates a novel architecture for new data communication services, within the OGSA context, that allows for managing extremely large sets of distributed data. Novel features move network services beyond notions of the network as a managed resource, for example, by including capabilities for dynamic on-demand provisioning and advance scheduling. DWDM-RAM encapsulates optical network resources (Lambdas, lightpaths) into a Grid service and integrates their management within the Open Grid Service Architecture. Migration to emerging standards such as WS-Resource Framework (WS-RF) should be straightforward. In initial applications, DWDM-RAM targets specific data-intensive services such as rapid, massive data transfers used by large scale eScience applications, including: high-energy physics, geophysics, life science, bioinformatics, genomics, medical morphometry, tomography, microscopy imaging, astronomical and astrophysical imaging, complex modeling, and visualization.

Le, T, Hoang, DB & Simmonds, AJ 1970, 'An Efficient Scheme for Locating Nodes in the Internet Geo-LPM: Geographic Longest Prefix Matching', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunications Networks and Applications Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC, Bondi, Australia, pp. 289-296.

Li, M & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Resource discovery and fair intelligent admission control over differentiated services networks for variable-length packets', 2004 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE 10TH ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, Beijing, China, pp. 499-503.

Li, M, Hoang, DB & ieee 1970, 'Edge-aware resource discovery and fair intelligent admission control scheme over multi-domain differentiated services networks', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, Paris, France, pp. 2065-2070.
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Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK & IEEE 1970, 'Genetic Algorithm Based Variable-Structure Neural Network and its Industrial Application', IECON 2004: 30TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOL 2, 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON), IEEE, Busan, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1273-1278.

Ling-Yu Duan, Min Xu, Qi Tian & Chang-Sheng Xu 1970, 'Mean shift based video segment representation and applications to replay detection', 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE.
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Effective and efficient representation of the low-level features of groups of frames or shots is an important yet challenging task for video analysis and retrieval. Key frame-based representation is limited by the difficulties in shot boundary detection of gradual transition and a variety of ways in key frame extraction. In this paper, we employ the mean shift-based mode seeking function to develop a new approach for compact representation of the video segment. The proposed video representation is motivated by recognizing that, on the global level, humans perceive images only as a combination of few most prominent colors. We exploit the spatiotemporal mode seeking in feature space to simulate "subjectivity" of human decisions to video segment retrieval and identification. The effectiveness of video representation and matching scheme is shown by initial experiments on replay detection in broadcast sports video.

Lipman, J, Boustead, P & Chicharo, J 1970, 'Reliable optimised flooding in ad hoc networks', Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication (IEEE Cat. No.04EX710), Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication, IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 521-524.
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Lowe, D & Kong, X 1970, 'NavOptim coding: Supporting Website navigation optimisation using effort minimisation', Proceedings - IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, WI 2004, IEEE/WIC/ACM international Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE Computer Society, Beijing, China, pp. 91-97.
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Web applications have rapidly become critical to the interaction that organisations have with their external stakeholders. A major factor in the effectiveness of this interaction is the ease with which navigation within the application can occur, and especially the extent to which users can locate information and functionality which they are seeking. Effective design is however complicated by the multiple purposes and users which Web applications typically support. Despite the fact that this implies that navigation design is inherently an optimisation problem, few optimisation techniques have been applied in this domain - with most design techniques being based on intuition, general heuristics, or experimental refinement. In this paper we discuss this problem, and propose a navigation representation which can become the basis for optimisation techniques. © 2004 IEEE.

Mahadevan, V, Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'An advanced QoS index framework for a next generation Internet application', 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS, 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, Orlando, FL, pp. 436-441.

Mahadevan, V, Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'The influence of workload characterization in the performance analysis of tele-collaboration environments', Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 287-292.
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The Telecollaboration (TC) business system, an important class of emerging applications that is spawning new challenges In achieving the desired levels of performance. One important implication in identifying and characterizing the properties of TC system implementations is that performance evaluation should no longer be isolated and viewed as a separate analytic activity. Instead, we require a physical and logical understanding of the complex quality issues that affect overall performance of applications, systems and network infrastructures. As one of the natural artifacts of this practice, a workload model will be developed to characterize a TC system. We demonstrate how such an analysis may result in characterization of workload behavior, and that in turn will lead to definition of efficient analytical model parameters, network invariants and use of relevant quality metrics. The study of underlying issues of Telecollaboration Quality of Service (TQoS) within the context of TC could have positive impacts on performance analysis and traffic control, if the analytical modeling used remains consistent and effective in describing the Web-based environments. ©2004 IEEE.

Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'A Holistic Approach of Knowledge Management Initiative for a Telecollaboration Business System', Proceedings of International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, Internationa Business Research Conference, World Business Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 16-16.

Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'An Advanced QoS Index Framework for a Next Generation Internet Application', The 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics, World Multi-Conference on Systematics, Cybernetics and Informatics, SCI 2004, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 1-6.

Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'Mastering The Mystery Through 'Saiq' Metrics of User Experience in Telecollaboration', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2004 Volume II, IADIS International Conference, IADIS Press Intrnational Association for Development of the Information Society, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1029-1034.

Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM, Kulasuriya, S & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'The Crisis of SLM and SLA development in the Technology Enhanced Telecollaboration Environments', Proceedings of International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, World Business Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 10-10.

Mahadevan, V, Chaczko, ZC & Braun, RM 1970, 'The Telecollaboration Spin as a Concurrent Paradigm Shift in Business Practices', Proceedings of International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, International Business Research Conference, World Business Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 15-15.

McGloin, D, Carruthers, AE, Dholakia, K & Wright, EM 1970, 'Optically bound arrays of microscopic particles in one dimension', Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation, Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, SPIE, Denver, CO, pp. 318-325.
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McGloin, D, Garces-Chavez, V & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Micromanipulation with Bessel beams: studies of angular momentum and reconstruction', Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation, Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, SPIE, Denver, CO, pp. 331-339.
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Milne, G, McGloin, D, Tatarkova, SA, Sibbett, W & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Rectifying transport of a mixture of Brownian particles on an asymmetric periodic optical potential', SPIE Proceedings, Biomedical Optics 2004, SPIE, San Jose, CA, pp. 112-119.
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Nguyen, A, Ha, QP, Huang, S & Trinh, HM 1970, 'Observer-Based Decentralized Approach to Robotic Formation Control', Conference Proceedings, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2004), Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-8.

Nguyen, C, Hoang, DB & Symvonis, A 1970, 'Cost-based optimization for video-on-demand using delayed-multicast', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Communication Systems and Networks, CSN2004, ACTA Press, Marbella, Spain, pp. 190-195.
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This paper examines the issue of how to build a cost effective system for delivering video-on-demand. Rather than simply utilizing buffer space to minimize aggregate bandwidth requirement from the server as is the common case in many previous works, we examine how to minimize the overall cost when amortized buffer cost and bandwidth cost are taken into account. An algorithm which minimizes this overall cost is presented along with simulation results comparing it with other schemes.

Nguyen, C, Hoang, DB, Zhao, IL & Lavian, T 1970, 'Implementation of a quality of service feedback control loop on programmable routers', 2004 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 578-582.
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Current Diffserv architecture lacks mechanisms for network path discovery with specific service performance. Our aim is to introduce an enhanced-Diffserv scheme utilizing a feedback loop to gather path information and allow better flexibility in managing Diffserv flows. We utilize state-of-the-art programmable routers that can host the control loop operation without compromising their normal routing and switching functionalities. Furthermore, the control feedback loop implemented on the control plane of the router can selectively alter the behaviour of a specific data flow in real-time.

Nguyen, TVM, Nguyen, HT, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Sliding mode neural controller for nonlinear systems with higher-order and uncertainties', 2004 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1026-1031.
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In this paper, we propose a new neural controller architecture which is derived from adaptive sliding mode control framework for SISO nonlinear system with higher-order and uncertainties. This neural controller can overcome some disadvantages inherent in sliding mode controllers such as chattering problem, complex calculation of the equivalent control term and unavailable knowledge of the upper bounds of system uncertainties. Experimental results for a Coupled Drives CE8 system show that a real-time neural controller has been implemented successfully.

Piccardi, M 1970, 'Background subtraction techniques: a review', 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 3099-3104.
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Background subtraction is a widely used approach for detecting moving objects from static cameras. Many different methods have been proposed over the recent years and both the novice and the expert can be confused about their benefits and limitations. In order to overcome this problem, this paper provides a review of the main methods and an original categorisation based on speed, memory requirements and accuracy. Such a review can effectively guide the designer to select the most suitable method for a given application in a principled way. Methods reviewed include parametric and non-parametric background density estimates and spatial correlation approaches.

Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Mean-shift background image modelling', 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04., 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04., IEEE, Singapore City, Singapore, pp. 3399-3402.
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Background modelling is widely used in computer vision for the detection of foreground objects in a frame sequence. The more accurate the background model, the more correct is the detection of the foreground objects. In this paper, we present an approach to background modelling based on a mean-shift procedure. The mean shift vector convergence properties enable the system to achieve reliable background modelling. In addition, histogram-based computation and the new concept of local basins of attraction allow us to meet the stringent real-time requirements of video processing. ©2004 IEEE.

Premaratne, P & Burnett, I 1970, 'Role of wavelet transforms in image restoration', IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON.
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Image processing techniques including image restoration rely heavily on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) for frequency domain representation for analysis of its frequency content. Even though Wavelet analysis has been around for more than a decade, much of its potential as tool to analyze time-frequency localization of signal has not been properly tapped. In blind iterative deconvolution where a degraded image is restored with minimum apriori information about the original image or the point spread function (PSF), it is almost impossible to evaluate whether a restoration is achieved or not without human observation. We propose a new approach using wavelet decomposition to assess an image being restored or not automatically. © 2004 IEEE.

Premaratne, P, Burnett, L & Liyanage, CD 1970, 'Blur retrieval via separation of zeros sheets from noisy blurred images', Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., IEEE, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 559-562.
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Rong, L & Burnett, I 1970, 'Dynamic multimedia adaptation and updating of media streams with MPEG-21', 2003 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications. Proceedings of Technical Papers. (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8672), 2004 1st IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 436-441.
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Sun, D, He, Y & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Sensorless direct torque control for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on fuzzy logic', Conference Proceedings - IPEMC 2004: 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC 2004), XIAN JIAOTUNG UNIV PRESS, Xian Jiaotong Univ, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1286-1291.
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Fast dynamic response is an outstanding feature of the direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems. However, the two-value hysteresis controllers and the 60° region based position signal employed to select the proper space voltage vector in the conventional DTC system result in large torque and flux linkage ripples. Another main advantage of the DTC is that the requirement for the continuous rotor position information is eliminated. However, the speed feedback signal is unavoidable in closed loop speed control system. In this paper, a fuzzy controller is designed to solve the contradiction between the dynamic and steady state performance of the PMSM DTC system; and furthermore, a simple sensorless method is introduced to this fuzzy DTC system to improve the reliability, reduce the cost and make it a real sensorless DTC system. The proposed strategies are verified by the simulation and experimental results.

Tokei, Z, Patz, M, Schmidt, M, Iacopi, F, Demuynck, S & Maex, K 1970, 'Correlation between barrier integrity and TDDB performance of copper porous low-k interconnects', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on Materials for Advanced Metallization (MAM2004), ELSEVIER, Brussels, BELGIUM, pp. 70-75.
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Tokei, Z, Sutcliffe, V, Demuynck, S, Iacopi, F, Roussel, P, Beyer, GP, Hoofman, RJOM, Maex, K & ieee 1970, 'Impact of the barrier/dielectric interface quality on reliability of Cu porous-low-k interconnects', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, 42nd Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium, IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 326-332.
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Tran, T, Ha, QP, Grover, R & Scheding, S 1970, 'Modelling of an Autonomous Amphibious Vehicle', Conference Proceedings, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2004), Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-7.

Tran, TH, Ha, QP & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'New wavelet-based,pitch detection method for human-robot voice interface', 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), IEEE, Sendai, Japan, pp. 527-532.
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Speech activated interface between human and autonomous/semi-autonomous systems requires accurate voice detection and recognition. In this area pitch and end-point detection is of vital importance. This paper presents a new method for pitch detection based on the phase of the continuous wavelet transform. The advantage of the proposed technique is that it can serve not only as an accurate pitch detector, but also can offer an efficient solution to the end-point detection problem. Experimental results are provided for the detection of pitch periods and end points in a neural-network based voice enabled wheelchair system.

Veitch, D, Babu, S & Pàsztor, A 1970, 'Robust synchronization of software clocks across the internet', Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, IMC04: Internet Measurement Conference, ACM, ACM, pp. 219-232.
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Wang, H, Hintz, T, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'How pseudo model may help evaluate image compression on spiral architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, PDPTA'04, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, La Vegas, USA, pp. 389-394.
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Although Spiral Architecture (SA) has many advantages in image processing and machine vision, there is no available image capture device yet to support this structure. Hence, in order to implement our theoretical results, it is necessary to construct the SA from the existing image structure, on which the traditional image representation is based. Therefore, in this paper we provide two methods, Mimic model and Pseudo model. We can construct the architecture from the rectangular pixels and thus they share the Spiral addressing mechanism. This paper then presents how Pseudo model may help to evaluate the performance of image compression on Spiral Architecture. Based on the two unique properties of Spiral Architecture, i.e. locality of light intensity and uniformity of image partitioning, possible approaches to image compression may be discovered. Our future work would focus on partitioning the image into blocks and implement compression on the transform domain.

Wu, Q, He, S & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Preliminary Image Compression Research Using Uniform Image Partitioning on Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 216-221.

Wu, Q, He, X & Hintz, T 1970, 'Preliminary image compression research using uniform image partitioning on spiral architecture', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 416-421.
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Spiral Architecture is a relatively new and powerful approach to general purpose machine vision system. Using Spiral Multiplication and Spiral Addition, two special mathematical operations on Spiral Architecture, a uniform image partitioning method was proposed earlier. In this paper, preliminary research of image compression based on such a novel image partitioning is presented. It is demonstrated that after uniform image partitioning the sub-images have the properties that pixel intensities between the sub-images are quite similar thus giving opportunities for image compression.

Wu, Q, He, X & Hintz, T 1970, 'Virtual spiral architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, PDPTA'04, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 399-405.
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Spiral Architecture is a relative new and powerful approach to machine vision system. The geometrical arrangement of pixels on Spiral architecture can be described in terms of a hexagonal grid. However, all the existing hardware for capturing image and for displaying image are produced based on rectangular architecture. It has become a serious problem affecting the advanced research on Spiral Architecture. In this paper, a novel mimic Spiral Architecture called virtual Spiral Architecture is presented. Using virtual Spiral Architecture, images on rectangular architecture can be smoothly transferred to hexagonal architecture. Moreover, such mimicking operation does not introduce distortion and reduce image resolution, which is an advantage over other mimicking methods. There is no doubt that virtual architecture will be helpful to research on Spiral Architecture and other hexagonal architectures.

Xu, M, Duan, L-Y, Chia, L-T & Xu, C-S 1970, 'Audio keyword generation for sports video analysis', Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM04: 2004 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, pp. 758-759.
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Semantic sports video analysis has attracted many research interests and audio cues have been shown to play an important role in semantics inference. To facilitate event detection using audio information, we have introduced the concept of audio keyword (e.g. excited/plain commentator speech, excited/plain audience sound, etc.) to describe the game-specific sound associated with an event. In our previous work, we have designed a hierarchical Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for audio keyword identification. However, there are two inherent weaknesses: 1) a frame-based SVM classifier does not incorporate any contextual information; 2) a robust recognizer relies on large amounts of training data in the case of different sports games videos. In this demo, we present a flexible Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based audio keyword generation system. This is motivated by the successful story of applying HMM in speech recognition. Unlike the frame-based SVM classification followed by a major voting, our HMM-based system treats an audio keyword as a continuous time series data and employs hidden states transition to capture contexts. Moreover, our system introduces an adaptation mechanism to tune the initial HMM models (obtained from available training data) to improve performance by a small number of data from a new sports game video. Promising results has been demonstrated on the tennis, soccer and basketball videos with the total length of 2 hours.

Zhenghua Yu & Jian Zhang 1970, 'Video deblocking with fine-grained scalable complexity for embedded mobile computing', Proceedings 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2004. Proceedings. ICSP '04. 2004., Proceedings 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2004. Proceedings. ICSP '04. 2004., IEEE, pp. 1175-1180.
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This paper addresses the need of reducing blocking artifacts after video decompression in embedded mobile computing devices such as mobile phones and PDAs with limited computational capability, where low bit rate coding is usually employed and video deblocking is highly desirable. A novel video deblocking method has been developed which consists of two steps: deblocking mode decision and deblock filtering. Blocking artifacts are detected by examining the value of several adjacent pixels. Depending on the degree of blocking artifacts, a filter mode and a corresponding filtering center are determined for a region of pixels. The deblocking filter is chosen from five different types of candidates including variable center filters and non-symmetric filters. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm has achieved both lower computational complexity and better visual quality as compared to MPEG-4 VM. Furthermore, targeting the need of embedded mobile computing platforms, a scheme is developed to dynamically scale the complexity (and hence power consumption) of the deblocking algorithm with graceful visual quality degradation.

Zhou, H, Hoang, D, Nhan, P, Mirchandani, V & ieee 1970, 'Introducing feedback congestion control to a network with IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN', 2004 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, WTS: Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, IEEE, Pomona, USA, pp. 61-66.
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The interpretation by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) of loss of linkage as loss due to congestion causes significant inefficiency in a wireless network Congestion that often occurs in a wireless LAN results in further reduced performance. This paper introduces a method of controlling congestion in a network via a feedback mechanism called Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) which is useful for improving TCP performance in such a network FICC overcomes the inefficiency of TCP in misinterpreting the link loss as congestion loss. Simulation testing demonstrated that, by eliminating buffer overflows caused by congestions, FICC provides desirable fairness, reduces delay variation and improves effective throughput.

Zhou, H, Hoang, DB & Nhan, P 1970, 'A Scheme for Improving TCP Fairness and Throughput in Wireless Networks', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Application Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC, Bondi, Australia, pp. 576-581.

Zhou, H, Leis, J, Hoang, DB & Nhan, P 1970, 'Throughput and Fairness of Multiple TCP connections in Wireless Networks', Proceedings The 3rd Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing WITSP'2004, Workshop on internet, telecommunications and signal processing, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 273-276.

Zhou, L & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Applications of MLSDQ method for analysis of electromagnetic fields', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Informa UK Limited, pp. 187-192.
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This paper presents a novel application of the moving least square differential quadrature (MLSDQ) method to the solution of electromagnetic field problems. The MLSDQ is a new method proposed very recently for solution of nonlinear partial differential equations and has been successfully applied to the study of the bending behaviour of plates. In this paper, the applicability and accuracy of the MLSDQ method to electromagnetic problems will be examined. Two examples of electrostatic field and eddy current problems are studied and the numerical results are in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions.

Woodard, JC, Tansley, GD & Watterson, PA 2004, 'DuPont Australia and New Zealand Innovation Awards', Du Pont Australia.

Watterson, PA, Ramsden, VS, Hunter, G, Conry, R & Lovatt, H 2004, 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Climate Protection Award for Turbocorp'.

Watterson, PA, Tansley, GD & Woodard, JC 2004, 'Engineer Australia Award for Excellence in Engineering for Ventrassist blood pump'.

Watterson, PA, Tansley, GD & Woodard, JC 2004, 'Powerhouse Museum Selection Award (One of 15 Award) for Ventrassist'.