Publications

Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2005, 'Handbook on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-Peer Networks' in Wu, J (ed), Handbook on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-Peer Networks, Auerbach Publications, pp. 267-282.
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© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The 1990s witnessed a rapid growth in research interests in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The infrastructureless and dynamic nature of these networks demand that a new set of networking strategies be implemented to provide efficient end-to-end communication. This, along with the diverse application of these networks in many different scenarios, such as battlefield and disaster recovery, have seen MANETs being researched by many different organizations. MANETs employ the traditional TCP/IP structure to provide end-to-end communication between nodes. However, due to their mobility and the limited resources in wireless networks, each layer in the TCP/IP model requires redefinition or modifications to function efficiently in a MANET. One interesting research area in MANETs is routing. Routing in MANETs is a challenging task and has received a tremendous amount of attention from researchers. This has led to the development of many different routing protocols for MANETs. This chapter presents a discussion on a number of different routing protocols proposed for ad hoc networks and presents a number of future challenges in ad hoc and mobile ad hoc networking.

Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2005, 'Highly scalable routing strategies: DZTR routing protocol' in Wysocki, TA, ArekDadej & Wysocki, BJ (eds), ADVANCED WIRED AND WIRELESS NETWORKS, Springer, USA, pp. 1-18.
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In this paper we present a simulation study of a hybrid routing protocol we proposed in our previous work [4] [3]. Our hybrid routing strategy is called Dynamic Zone Topology Routing protocol (DZTR). This protocol has been designed to provide scalable routing in a Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET) environment. DZTR breaks the network into a number of zones by using a GPS. The topology of each zone is maintained proactively and the route to the nodes in other zones are detennined reactively. DZTR proposes a number of different strategies to reduce routing overhead in large networks and reduce the single point of failure during data forwarding. In this paper, we propose a number of improvements for DZTR and investigate its performance using simulations. We compare the performance of DZTR against AODV, LARI and LPAR, Our results show that DZTR has fewer routing overheads than the other simulated routing protocols and achieves higher levels of scalability as the size and the density ofthe network is increased.

Kong, X & Scott, CA 2005, 'GPS-Aided INS Alignment Algorithm for IMU with Poor Sensitivity' in Liu, JX (ed), Mobile Robots: New Research, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY, USA, pp. 259-290.

Lipman, J, Boustead, P & Chicharo, J 2005, 'Localised Minimum Spanning Tree Flooding in Ad-Hoc Networks' in Wysocki, TA, Dadej, A & Wysocki, BJ (eds), Advanced Wired and Wireless Networks, Springer US, pp. 19-37.
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Wysocki, T & Abolhasan, M 2005, 'Ad Hoc Networks' in Jie Wu (ed), Handbook on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-Peer Networks, Auerbach Publications, USA, pp. 1-15.
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The 1990s witnessed a rapid growth in research interests in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The infrastructureless and dynamic nature of these networks demand that a new set of networking strategies be implemented to provide efficient end-to-end communication. This, along with the diverse application of these networks in many different scenarios, such as battlefield and disaster recovery, have seen MANETs being researched by many different organizations. MANETs employ the traditional TCP/IP structure to provide end-to-end communication between nodes. However, due to their mobility and the limited resources in wireless networks, each layer in the TCP/IP model requires redefinition or modifications to function efficiently in aMANET. One interesting research area inMANETs is routing. Routing inMANETs is a challenging task and has received a tremendous amount of attention from researchers. This has led to the development of many different routing protocols for MANETs. This chapter presents a discussion on a number of different routing protocols proposed for ad hoc networks and presents a number of future challenges in ad hoc and mobile ad hoc networking.

Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & Lipman, J 2005, 'A New Strategy to Improve Proactive Route Updates in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2005, no. 5, pp. 828-837.
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This paper presents two new route update strategies for performing proactive route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The first strategy is referred to as minimum displacement update routing (MDUR). In this strategy, the rate at which route updates are sent into the network is controlled by how often a node changes its location by a required distance. The second strategy is called minimum topology change update (MTCU). In this strategy, the route updating rate is proportional to the level of topology change each node experiences. We implemented MDUR and MTCU on top of the fisheye state routing (FSR) protocol and investigated their performance by simulation. The simulations were performed in a number of different scenarios, with varied network mobility, density, traffic, and boundary. Our results indicate that both MDUR and MTCU produce significantly lower levels of control overhead than FSR and achieve higher levels of throughput as the density and the level of traffic in the network are increased.

Anderson, BDO, Su, SW & Brinsmead, TS 2005, 'Multirealization of linear systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 442-446.
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For multiple-model adaptive control systems, multicontroller architecture can be efficiently implemented (multirealized) by means of a state-shared parameter-dependent feedback system. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the multirealization of a family of linear multivariable systems based on matrix fractional descriptions are presented. The problem of the minimal generic multirealization of a set of linear systems is introduced and solved.

Burnett, IS, Davis, SJ & Drury, GM 2005, 'MPEG-21 digital item declaration and Identification-principles and compression', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 400-407.
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Cheng, ED & Piccardi, M 2005, 'Track Matching by Major Color Histograms Matching and Post-matching Integration', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 3617 LNCS, pp. 1148-1157.
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In this paper we present a track matching algorithm based on the 'major color' histograms matching and the post-matching integration useful for tracking a single object across multiple, limitedly disjoint cameras. First, the Major Color Spectrum Histogram (MCSH) is introduced to represent a moving object in a single frame by its most frequent colors only. Then, a two-directional similarity measurement based on the MCHS is used to measure the similarity of any two given moving objects in single frames. Finally, our track matching algorithm extends the single-frame matching along the objects' tracks by a post-matching integration algorithm. Experimental results presented in this paper show the accuracy of the proposed track matching algorithm: the similarity of two tracks from the same moving objects has proved as high as 95%, while the similarity of two tracks from different moving objects has been kept as low as up to 28%. The post-matching integration step proves able to remove detailed errors occurring at the frame level, thus making track matching more robust and reliable. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Drury, G & Burnett, I 2005, 'MPEG-21 in a Backpack Journalism Scenario', IEEE Multimedia, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 24-32.
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Eustace, JA, Gregory, PC, Krishnan, M, Ni, W, Kuhn, DM, Astor, BC & Scheel Jr., PJ 2005, 'Influence of Intravenous Drug Abuse on Vascular Access Placement and Survival in HIV-Seropositive Patients', Nephron Clinical Practice, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. c38-c45.
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<i>Background:</i> The influence of intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) on hemodialysis access placement practices and access survival in HIV-infected patients is unknown. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted a retrospective study of 60, HIV seropositive, maintenance hemodialysis patients. Type of access and assisted access survival (measured from date of placement) were compared in those with (77%) and without (23%) a history of IVDA. <i>Results:</i> Mean age was 37.8 years, mean baseline serum albumin was 2.9 g/dl and median CD4 count was 222 cells/mm³. Fifteen patients, all IVDA, were dialyzed using only tunneled catheters (median number of catheters per person (range): 2.5 (1–11)). There were longer delays in creation of a permanent access (p = 0.08), but no difference in the type of permanent access placed in IVDA versus the non-IVDA group. Over 1,051 cumulative months of access follow-up, 134 tunneled catheters, 28 grafts and 19 fistulae were placed, with observed failure rates of 1 per 4.7 access-months, 1 per 19.7 access-months, 1 per 38.2 access-months, respectively. The adjusted relative hazard of access failure for grafts versus catheters was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.72; p = 0.002) and for fistulae versus catheters was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.52; p = 0.001). Thirty-two percent of accesses were removed due to infection, an infection removal rate for catheters of 1 per 7.8 access-months and for grafts of 1 per 62.5 access-months; all graft infections occurred in the IVDA group. No fistula was removed due to infection. <i>Conclusion:</i> Fistulae are the first line of choice for hemodialysis access in HIV-seropositive patients regardless of IVDA history; if not feasible, graft placement in non-IVDA or abstinent IVDA patients is recommended. In those with active IVDA, the optimal method of renal replacement therapy and type of hemodialysis access remain uncertain.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2005, 'Compact diversity antenna for wireless devices', Electronics Letters, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 52-52.
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A compact diversity antenna, consisting of two E-shaped microstrip patch antennas, is presented. It has a wide bandwidth, covering all frequency bands of 5-6 GHz WLAN systems operating under IEEE 802.11a and HiperLAN2 standards. Corrugations have been introduced to reduce the overall width of the diversity configuration to 54 mm - the width of a standard PCMCIA card. The isolation between the two inputs is greater than 20 dB and the signal correlation is less than 0.2 over all WLAN bands.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2005, 'Development of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21-30.
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This paper reports the development of a three-phase permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator, taking advantage of the unique properties of the material Advanced design and performance analysis methods were employed, such as the three-dimensional finite element analysis of magnetic fields for parameter calculation and dimension optimisation, rotational core loss models combined with finite element method for core loss prediction, and hybrid thermal model with distributed heat sources for the temperature rise calculation, etc. The design and analyse methods are validated by experiment on the prototype driven by a brushless DC drive scheme

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2005, 'Development of a permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite core', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21-30.
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This paper reports the development of a three-phase permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator, taking advantage of the unique properties of the material Advanced design and performance analysis methods were employed, such as the three-dimensional finite element analysis of magnetic fields for parameter calculation and dimension optimisation, rotational core loss models combined with finite element method for core loss prediction, and hybrid thermal model with distributed heat sources for the temperature rise calculation, etc. The design and analyse methods are validated by experiment on the prototype driven by a brushless DC drive scheme. © Institution of Engineers, Australia 2005.

Ha, QP, Tran, TH & Dissanayake, G 2005, 'A wavelet- and neural network-based voice interface system for wheelchair control', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 1, no. 1/2, pp. 49-49.
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Voice control has long been considered as a natural mechanism to assist powered wheelchair users. However, one implementation difficulty is that a voice input system may fail to recognise a user’s voice. Indeed, speech activated interface between human and autonomous/semi-autonomous systems requires accurate detection and recognition. In this area pitch and end-point detection is of vital importance. This paper presents a new method for pitch detection based on the continuous wavelet transform phase. The proposed technique can serve as an accurate pitch detector, and also can offer an efficient solution to the end-point detection problem. The extracted features from a user’s speech are then used to train a neural network for speech recognition. Experimental results are provided for the detection of pitch periods and end points and the recognition of a number of commands of male and female users. Laboratory tests are reported for the proposed voice control wheelchair system. © 2005 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

HAYASAKA, N, YOSHIZAWA, S, WADA, N, MIYANAGA, Y & HATAOKA, N 2005, 'A Study of Robust Speech Recognition System and Its LSI Design', Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 473-480.
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HINAMOTO, T 2005, 'Special Section on Recent Advances in Circuits and Systems -- Part 1', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E88-D, no. 7, pp. 1321-1322.
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HINAMOTO, T 2005, 'Special Section on Recent Advances in Circuits and Systems--Part 2', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E88-D, no. 8, pp. 1861-1862.
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Hoang Duong Tuan, Son, TT, Apkarian, P & Nguyen, TQ 2005, 'Low-order IIR filter bank design', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1673-1683.
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The advantage of infinite-impulse response (IIR) filters over finite-impulse response (FIR) ones is that the former require a much lower order (much fewer multipliers and adders) to obtain the desired response specifications. However, in contrast with we

Hoang Duong Tuan, Son, TT, Hoang Tuy & Truong Nguyen 2005, 'New linear-programming-based filter design', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 276-281.
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It is well known that the filter-design problem with mask constraints can be formulated as a semi-infinite program. There are two approaches toward the solution of this semi-infinite program. The first griding approach relaxes the semi-infinite constrain

Hohn, N, Veitch, D & Ye, T 2005, 'Splitting and merging of packet traffic: Measurement and modelling', Performance Evaluation, vol. 62, no. 1-4, pp. 164-177.
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Huang, X & Li, Y 2005, 'MMSE-Optimal Approximation of Continuous-Phase Modulated Signal as Superposition of Linearly Modulated Pulses', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1166-1177.
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Huang, X & Li, Y 2005, 'Simple CPM Receivers Based on a Switched Linear Modulation Model', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1100-1103.
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Jin Jiang Zhong, Jian Guo Zhu, You Guang Guo & Zhi Wei Lin 2005, 'Improved measurement with 2-D rotating fluxes considering the effect of internal field', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 3709-3711.
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This paper analyzes the effect of the internal field on the measurement with two-dimensional (2-D) rotating fluxes. It is demonstrated that due to the effect of the internal field, the misalignment of H sensing coils, causing the asymmetry of H loci and

Jin Jiang Zhong, Jian Guo Zhu, YouGuang Guo & Zhi Wei Lin 2005, 'A 3-D vector magnetization model with interaction field', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1496-1499.
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This paper presents a vector model of magnetization based on the three-dimensional (3-D) Stoner-Wohlfarth elemental operator. To account for the magnetic interactions between particles, a phenomenological mean-field approximation is employed. The paper also illustrates the numerical simulation results of the magnetization in 3-D. This model will be useful to simulate the magnetization process of complicated topology flux electromagnetic devices. © 2005 IEEE.

Landfeldt, B, Moors, T, Jha, S & Hoang, D 2005, 'Advances and directions in quality of service management.', Comput. Commun., vol. 28, no. 15, pp. 1701-1702.
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Le, H, Hoang, D & Simmonds, A 2005, 'Geo-LPM: An efficient scheme for locating nodes in the Internet', Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 14-37.
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One of the major weaknesses of existing peer-to-peer networks is that their overlay structures do not reflect the underlying Internet topology, resulting in unnecessary consumption of network resources. We propose a Geographical Longest Prefix Matching (Geo-LPM) scheme to self-organise nodes into clusters using IP prefixes and network metric measurements. Geo-LPM efficiently locates nodes to produce superior overlays while optimising the usage of network resources. It is simple, scalable and self-organising.

Li, L & Paganini, F 2005, 'Structured coprime factor model reduction based on LMIs', AUTOMATICA, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 145-151.
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In this paper we discuss dynamic model reduction methods which preserve a certain structure in the underlying system. Specifically, we consider the situation where the reduction must be consistent with a partition of the system states. This is motivated, for instance, in situations where state variables are associated with the topology of a networked system, and the reduction should preserve this. We build on the observation that imposing block structure to generalized controllability and observability gramians automatically yields such state-partitioned model reduction. The difficulty lies in ensuring feasibility of the resulting Lyapunov inequalities, which is in general very restrictive. To overcome this, we consider coprime factor model reduction. We derive an LMI characterization of expansive and contractive coprime factorizations that preserve structure, and use this to build a more flexible method for structured model reduction. An example is given to illustrate the method. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, M & Hoang, DB 2005, 'FIAC: a resource discovery-based two-level admission control for differentiated service networks', Computer Communications, vol. 28, no. 18, pp. 2094-2104.
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Differentiated Service (DiffServ) architecture has been proposed as a scalable QoS architecture for Internet. DiffServ, however, could not control its loads under heavy traffic conditions, and it could not provide strong QoS responses for individual traffic flow. This paper introduces at the edges of a DiffServ domain, a novel two-level admission control scheme, the Fair Intelligent Admission Control (FIAC). At per-class level, FIAC admits traffic according their fairshare and usage while preventing possible congestion within the DiffServ core. At per-flow level, FIAC estimates and allocates the fairshare for each flow within a class. Simulation results demonstrate that FIAC adheres extremely well to the bandwidth requirements of DiffServ classes while preventing congestion within the DiffServ core. With FIAC's per-flow level enabled, FIAC is able to prevent uncontrolled UDP flows from depriving TCP-controlled flows of bandwidth share when they are aggregated to the DiffServ domain.

Li, M, Hoang, DB & Simmonds, AJ 2005, 'Fair Intelligent Admission Control over resource-feedback DiffServ network', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 28, no. 15, pp. 1770-1777.
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Lin, ZW, Lu, HW, Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Wang, XL & Ding, SY 2005, 'Vector characterization of soft magnetic materials', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 97, no. 10, pp. 10R306-10R306.
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A three-dimensional (3D) magnetic property testing system has been completed and successfully used to measure 3D hysteresis loci of soft magnetic material. This paper presents the techniques to characterize soft magnetic materials under 3D magnetic excitations in detail. Using three couples of excitation coils controlled by a computer to generate the magnetic fields in three orthogonal axes, various types of flux density loci, such as circular or elliptical rotating vectors of flux density with any given orientations in 3D space, can be obtained. Based on 3D finite element analysis and a comparative study, a sandwich arrangement comprising a sample, guard pieces, and search coils with double-layer structure was proposed. Compared with the conventional surface search coils, this arrangement can significantly improve the accuracy of measurement. The comprehensive calibration process and the experimental results of the 3D hysteresis loci of soft magnetic composite materials are also presented.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & Lam, HK 2005, 'An improved genetic algorithm based fuzzy-tuned neural network', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 457-474.
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This paper presents a fuzzy-tuned neural network, which is trained by an improved genetic algorithm (GA). The fuzzy-tuned neural network consists of a neural-fuzzy network and a modified neural network. In the modified neural network, a neuron model with two activation functions is used so that the degree of freedom of the network function can be increased. The neural-fuzzy network governs some of the parameters of the neuron model. It will be shown that the performance of the proposed fuzzy-tuned neural network is better than that of the traditional neural network with a similar number of parameters. An improved GA is proposed to train the parameters of the proposed network. Sets of improved genetic operations are presented. The performance of the improved GA will be shown to be better than that of the traditional GA. Some application examples are given to illustrate the merits of the proposed neural network and the improved GA. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

LING, SH, LEUNG, FHF, WONG, LK & LAM, HK 2005, 'COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR HOME ELECTRIC LOAD FORECASTING AND BALANCING', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 05, no. 03, pp. 371-391.
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The paper presents an electric load balancing system for domestic use. An electric load forecasting system, which is realized by a genetic algorithm-based modified neural network, is employed. On forecasting the home power consumption profile, the load balancing system can adjust the amount of energy stored in battery accordingly, preventing it from reaching certain practical limits. A steady consumption from the AC mains can then be obtained which will benefit both the users and the utility company. An example will be given to illustrate the merits of the forecaster, and its performance on achieving the load balancing.

Ling-Yu Duan, Min Xu, Qi Tian, Chang-Sheng Xu & Jin, JS 2005, 'A unified framework for semantic shot classification in sports video', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1066-1083.
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The extensive amount of multimedia information available necessitates content-based video indexing and retrieval methods. Since humans tend to use high-level semantic concepts when querying and browsing multimedia databases, there is an increasing need for semantic video indexing and analysis. For this purpose, we present a unified framework for semantic shot classification in sports video, which has been widely studied due to tremendous commercial potentials. Unlike most existing approaches, which focus on clustering by aggregating shots or key-frames with similar low-level features, the proposed scheme employs supervised learning to perform a top-down video shot classification. Moreover, the supervised learning procedure is constructed on the basis of effective mid-level representations instead of exhaustive low-level features. This framework consists of three main steps: 1) identify video shot classes for each sport; 2) develop a common set of motion, color, shot length-related mid-level representations; and 3) supervised learning of the given sports video shots. It is observed that for each sport we can predefine a small number of semantic shot classes, about 5-10, which covers 90%-95% of broadcast sports video. We employ nonparametric feature space analysis to map low-level features to mid-level semantic video shot attributes such as dominant object (a player) motion, camera motion patterns, and court shape, etc. Based on the fusion of those mid-level shot attributes, we classify video shots into the predefined shot classes, each of which has clear semantic meanings. With this framework we have achieved good classification accuracy of 85%-95% on the game videos of five typical ball type sports (i.e., tennis, basketball, Volleyball, soccer, and table tennis) with over 5500 shots of about 8 h. With correctly classified sports video shots, further structural and temporal analysis, such as event detection, highlight extraction, video skimming, and table of conte...

Lipman, J, Abolhasan, M, Boustead, P & Chicharo, J 2005, 'An optimised resource aware approach to information collection in ad hoc networks', Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 643-655.
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In ad hoc networks there is a need for all-to-one protocols that allow for information collection or 'sensing' of the state of an ad hoc network and the nodes that comprise it. Such protocols may be used for service discovery, auto-configuration, network management, topology discovery or reliable flooding. There is a parallel between this type of sensing in ad hoc networks and that of sensor networks. However, ad hoc networks and sensor networks differ in their application, construction, characteristics and constraints. The main priority of sensor networks is for the flow of data from sensors back to a sink, but in an ad hoc network this may be of secondary importance. Hence, protocols suitable to sensor networks are not necessarily suitable to ad hoc networks and vice versa. We propose, Resource Aware Information Collection (RAIC), a distributed two phased resource aware approach to information collection in ad hoc networks. RAIC utilises a resource aware optimised flooding mechanism to both disseminate requests and initialise a backbone of resource suitable nodes responsible for relaying replies back to the node collecting information. RAIC in the process of collecting information from all nodes in an ad hoc network is shown to consume less energy and introduce less overhead compared with Directed Diffusion and a brute force approach. Importantly, over multiple successive queries (in an energy constrained environment), the use of resource awareness allows for the load of relaying to be distributed to those nodes most suitable, thereby extending the lifetime of the network. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lu, H, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 2005, 'Development of a slotless tubular linear interior permanent magnet micromotor for robotic applications', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 3988-3990.
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Linear micromotors play a key role in microrobotic systems. They can greatly simplify the drive mechanisms, which is crucial for microsystems. By using permanent magnets, much higher force-to-volume ratio can be obtained than using electromagnets and better drive performance can be achieved. This paper describes the development of a tubular permanent magnet linear motor for the actuation of microrobots. Important design criteria are established by both analytical and numerical methods. The field distribution, the electro-magnetic force, and the stator phase winding inductances are analyzed and predicted by the finite-element analysis taking into account the nonlinear properties and saturation effects of the material. © 2005 IEEE.

McGloin, D & Dholakia, K 2005, 'Bessel beams: Diffraction in a new light', Contemporary Physics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 15-28.
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Nguyen Thien Hoang, Hoang Duong T, Truong Quang Nguyen & Hosoe, S 2005, 'Robust mixed generalized H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// filtering of 2-D nonlinear fractional transformation systems', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 4697-4706.
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This study considers robust filtering problems for uncertain two dimensional (2-D) discrete systems in nonlinear fractional transformation (NFT) representations. Like one-dimensional (1-D) systems, the NFT in this paper serves to complement the linear fr

Ni, W, Guo, B-L & Yang, L 2005, 'Novel video coding algorithm based on 3D-binDCT', Optoelectronics Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 228-231.
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Satoh, H, Yoshida, N & Miyanaga, Y 2005, 'Analysis of polarization plane rotation characteristic in 2D photonic crystal waveguide with chiral medium by condensed node spatial network', Electrical Engineering in Japan, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 7-14.
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Smith, D, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, I 2005, 'Blind speech separation using a joint model of speech production', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 784-787.
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Spoor, DJ & Zhu, J 2005, 'Intercircuit Faults and Distance Relaying of Dual-Circuit Lines', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1846-1852.
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The main sources of error and other difficulties associated with the distance protection of dual-circuit transmission lines are well known. However, the design or selection of protection schemes usually fails to consider some of the more extraordinary faults that do occur. This pape r considers the observed impedances that result from intercircuit faults on a simulated dual-circuit transmission line, where variations in the phasing as well as the impedance ratios have been considered. The simulations performed with the Alternative Transients Program show that intercircuit faults may be undetectable in the instantaneous protection zone depending on the scheme adopted and the impedances of the surrounding network. The observed under-reaching has the potential to lead to a loss of major loads, maloperation of single-pole tripping schemes and even system instabilities based on the critical clearance requirements. © 2005 IEEE.

Spoor, DJ & Zhu, J 2005, 'Intercircuit faults and distance relaying of dual-circuit lines', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1846-1852.
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Su, SW, Bao, J & Lee, PL 2005, 'Control of multivariable Hammerstein systems by using feedforward passivation', INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 891-899.
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This paper presents a new control method for processes which can be described by Hammerstein models. The control design is based on the concept of passive systems. The proposed method is based on feedforward passivation and thus can be applied to nonminimum phase processes and/or processes of high relative degree. A synthesis technique for marginally stable positive real systems has been developed to achieve offset free control. The new control design can be easily implemented by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed approach is illustrated using the example of an acid-base pH control problem.

Veitch, D, Hohn, N & Abry, P 2005, 'Multifractality in TCP/IP traffic: the case against', Computer Networks, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 293-313.
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Wang, H, Wang, M, Hintz, T, Wu, Q & He, X 2005, 'VSA-based fractal image compression', 13th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision 2005, WSCG'2005 - In Co-operation with EUROGRAPHICS, Full Papers, vol. 13, no. 1-3, pp. 89-96.
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Spiral Architecture (SA) is a novel image structure which has hexagons but not squares as the basic elements. Apart from many other advantages in image processing, SA has shown two unbeatable characters that have potential to improve image compression performance, namely, Locality of Pixel Density and Uniform Image Partitioning. Fractal image compression is a relatively recent image compression method which exploits similarities in different parts of the image. The basic idea is to represent an image as fixed points of Iterated Function Systems (IFS). Therefore, an input image can be represented by a series of IFS codes rather than pixels. In this way, an amazing compression ratio 10000:1 can be achieved. The application of fractal image compression presented in this paper is based on Spiral Architecture. Since there is no mature capture and display device for hexagon-based images, the experiments are implemented on a newly proposed mimic scheme, called Virtual Spiral Architecture (VSA). The experimental results in the paper have shown that introducing Spiral Architecture into fractal image compression will improve the compression performance in image quality with little trade-off in compression ratio. A lot of research work exists in this area to further improve the results. Copyright UNION Agency - Science Press.

Weily, AR, Esselle, KP, Sanders, BC & Bird, TS 2005, 'High-gain 1D EBG resonator antenna', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 107-114.
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Xu, XB, Zhang, L, Leng, X, Ding, SY, Liu, HK, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Lin, ZW & Zhu, JG 2005, 'Third harmonics due to surface barrier in high-temperature superconductor', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 97, no. 10, pp. 10B105-10B105.
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The influence of surface barrier on the third harmonics ac susceptibility (χ3) is studied numerically. The surface barrier is described by a critical current density in surfaces which are higher than the inside one. The model can act as the critical state one, the flux creep one, or the flux flow one when temperature (or field) changes. The numerical results based on the model are more close to the popular experimental data probing the harmonics as a function of temperature (or field). Besides, the surface barrier will lead to new peaks in the real and imaginary parts of the third harmonics, which are the finger signature of the surface barrier. Comparison of the peaks with those of the real part of elemental harmonic shows that they are located at the same temperature where dips in χ′ caused by the surface barrier occur, which is in well agreement with experiments.

Yong Zhang, Shao, KR, Youguang Guo & Lavers, JD 2005, 'A boundary meshless method for transient eddy current problems', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 4090-4092.
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This paper presents a boundary meshless method (BMLM) for transient eddy current problems. With difference to the traditional boundary element method (BEM), the BMLM combines a point interpolation method (PIM) for construction of spatial interpolation fu

Yoshizawa, S, Hayasaka, N, Wada, N & Miyanaga, Y 2005, 'VLSI Architecture for Robust Speech Recognition Systems and its Implementation on a Verification Platform', Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 447-455.
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This paper presents a VLSI architecture for a robust speech recognition system that enables high-speed, low-power operation. The proposed architecture improves recognition accuracy in noisy environments and realizes short-time response by implementing parallel and pipeline processing. We demonstrate improved processing time and power consumption by evaluating circuit performance in 0.25-μm CMOS technology. We also detail a verification platform that helps users implement our hardware-based robust speech recognition system. The verification platform facilitates software conversion to hardware and promptly provides testing environments on field-programmable gate arrays.

YouGuang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu & Wu, W 2005, 'Thermal analysis of soft magnetic composite motors using a hybrid model with distributed heat sources', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 2124-2128.
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This paper presents a hybrid thermal model with distributed heat sources for thermal analysis of soft magnetic composite (SMC) motors. The model uses a combination of lumped and distributed thermal parameters, which can be obtained from motor dimensions

YouGuang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, Zhi Wei Lin & Jin Jiang Zhong 2005, 'Measurement and modeling of core losses of soft magnetic composites under 3-D magnetic excitations in rotating motors', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 3925-3927.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are especially suitable for construction of low-cost high-performance motors with three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic fields. The 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) conducted in the design of a claw pole transverse flu

Zhang, L, Xu, XB, Ding, SY, Zheng, MH, Xiao, L, Ren, HT, Jiao, YL, Wang, XL, Lin, ZW & Zhu, JG 2005, 'Effect of doping on flux pinning of GdBa2Cu3O7−y', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 97, no. 10, pp. 10B101-10B101.
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Cylindrical single grains of GdBa2Cu3Oy (Gd-123) with a diameter of 25mm were successfully fabricated by melt-texture growth (MTG) process in air to study the influence of different starting powders on flux pinning. Measurements of the magnetic critical current density (Jc) showed that it was possible to fabricate large Gd-123 single grain with a high Jc at high temperatures and fields by means of properly controlling the starting powders of Gd2O3, BaCO3, and CuO before the MTG process.

Zhong, JJ, Zhu, JG, Lin, ZW, Guo, YG & Sievert, JD 2005, 'Improved measurement of magnetic properties with 3D magnetic fluxes', Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 290-291, no. 2, pp. 1567-1570.
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This paper, as a pioneering work, presents measurement techniques to characterize soft magnetic materials in three-dimensional (3D) space. A novel 3D magnetic property tester using cubic sample has been constructed and calibrated. Some phenomena and problems of measurement caused by the imperfect winding and misalignment of coils are analyzed. The correction methods are proposed and employed. The new soft magnetic composite SOMALOY™ 500 is investigated. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ZHU, Q 2005, 'Noise-Robust Speech Analysis Using Running Spectrum Filtering', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E88-A, no. 2, pp. 541-548.
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Abell, T, Houthoofd, K, Iacopi, F, Grobet, P & Maex, K 1970, 'Solid state MAS NMR spectroscopic characterization of plasma damage and UV modification of low k dielectric films', Materials, Technology and Reliability of Advanced Interconnects-2005, Symposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability of Advanced Interconnects held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC, San Francisco, CA, pp. 35-40.

Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & Society, IEEEC 1970, 'Efficient and highly scalable route discovey for on-demand routing protocols in ad hoc networks', LCN 2005: 30th Conference on Local Computer Networks, Proceedings, Local Computer Networks, 2005. 30th Anniversary. The IEEE Conference on, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 358-365.
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This paper presents a number of different route discovery strategies for on-demand routing protocols, which provide more control to each intermediate node make during the route discovery phase to make intelligent forwarding decisions. This is achieved through the idea of self-selection. In self-selecting route discovery each node independently makes route request (RREQ) forwarding decisions based upon a selection criterion or by satisfying certain conditions. The nodes which do not satisfy the selection criterion do not rebroadcast the routing packets. We implemented our self-selecting route discovery strategies over AODV using the GloMoSim network simulation package, and compared the performance with existing route discovery strategies used in AODV. Our simulation results show that a significant drop in the number of control packets can be achieved by giving each intermediate node more authority for self-selection during route discovery. Furthermore, a significant increase in throughput is achieved as the number nodes in the network is increased

Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T, Lipman, J & IEEE 1970, 'Performance investigation on three-classes of MANET routing protocols', 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Vols 1& 2, Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on, Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on, Perth, WA, pp. 774-778.
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Routing in Ad hoc Networks has received significant attention with a number of different routing protocols proposed in recent years. These routing protocols may be classified into three main categories: proactive, reactive and hybrid. Prior work aimed at comparing the performance of routing protocols has mainly focused on comparing reactive and proactive protocols [6] [4] [1]. In this paper, we present a simulation study of different routing protocols from all three categories. We also explore the benefits and performance of each routing category. Further, we present a discussion of future research directions for routing in Ad hoc Networks. © 2005 IEEE.

Bao Hua Liu, Chun Tung Chou, Lipman, J & Jha, S 1970, 'Using frequency division to reduce MAI in DS-CDMA wireless sensor networks', IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005, IEEE, New Orleans, LA, pp. 657-663.
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Bruynseraede, C, Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F, Beyer, GP, Michelon, J, Maex, K & IEEE 1970, 'The impact of scaling on interconnect reliability', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 43RD ANNUAL, 43rd Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 7-17.
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Chaczko, Z & Ahmad, F 1970, 'Wireless Sensor Network Based System for Fire Endangered Areas', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 203-207.
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This paper describes a system design approach for a wireless sensor network based application that is to be used to measure temperature and humidity as well as being fitted with a smoke defector. Such a device can be used as an early warning fire detecti

Chaczko, Z & Sinha, SN 1970, 'SAFE Model Approach to Construction of Intelligent Security Systems', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 197-202.
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Dynamic environments such as that of any public and private infrastructure, workplace and even home consist of multiple entities that continuously interact with each other. Integrating an intelligent security system in such an environment necessitates the need for a soft systems approach that gives perspective to such interactions through identifying associated holons. The holonic analysis allows characterisation of ill-defined and often problematic situations that are resultant of the human activity system. This paper discusses some techniques that can be adopted to resolve scenarios that are plagued with uncertainty in reasoning and the continuously varying nature of interrelationship between native entities. The technical aspect of this system encompasses the mode of query processing and surveillance through a structured sensor network set up with the aid of distributed services and network protocols.

Challa, S, Gulrez, T, Chaczko, Z, Paranesha, TN & IEEE 1970, 'Opportunistic information fusion: A new paradigm for next generation networked sensing systems', 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Vols 1 and 2, International Conference on Information Fusion, IEEE, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 720-727.
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Traditionally, Information Fusion systems assume that the information is gathered from known sensors over proprietary communication networks and fuse using fixed rules of information fusion and designated computing and communication resources. Emerging technologies like wireless sensor networks, TEDS enabled legacy sensors, ubiquitous computing devices and all IP next generation networks are challenging the rationale of conventional information fusion systems. The technology has matured to a point where it is reasonable to discover sensors based on the context, establish relevance, query for appropriate data, and fuse it using the most appropriate fusion rule, using ubiquitous computing and communication environment in an opportunistic manner. We define such fusion systems as opportunistic information fusion systems. In this paper we introduce this new paradigm for information fusion and identify plausible approaches and challenges to design, develop and deploy the proposed next generation opportunistic information fusion systems.

Chan, JC & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Novel user-centric model for m-business transformation', ICMB 2005: International Conference on Mobile Business, International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 3-8.
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Current mobile business applications are generally device-centric, platform specific and infrastructure dependent. This paper presents a novel user-centric leading to the development of wireless on-demand systems and services independent of devices, netw

Chan, JC, Hoang, DB & IEEE 1970, 'Service architecture for integrating MANETs with heterogeneous IP networks', 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Vols 1-4, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 2270-2275.
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Multi-hop Ad-hoc Network is promising to extend the reach of current Mobile Internet, and support ubiquitous computing. However, it is hindered by the lack of a flexible network structure bridging the gaps between MANETs and heterogeneous IP networks. This paper introduces a novel Mobile Peer-to-Peer Overlay as an enabling structure for uniting connectivity, mobility and services. Our proposed service architecture allows mobile users to build networks on-the-fly, and capitalize relevant resources in their vicinity for universal communications. Practical implementation of system prototype demonstrates that our proposed framework lays a solid foundation for developing an Integrated Mobile Internet and Ubiquitous Computing. © 2005 IEEE.

Chandru, R & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Sensorless rotor position detection using differential high frequency phase current method', Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, pp. 355-359.
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A new sensorless detection scheme is proposed in this paper. This detection scheme is based on a new concept of high frequency small-signal phase inductance (Lss) of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), as detailed in this paper. The Lss of a Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) motor was mapped in the experiment and the results were used to build a high frequency SIMULINK model for the simulation of a new sensorless rotor detection scheme. © 2005 IEEE.

Cheng, E & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Disjoint camera track matching by an illumination effects reduction and major colour spectrum histograms representation algorithms', Proceedings Image and vision computing New Zealand 2005, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Wickliffe Ltd, Dunedin, New Zeland, pp. 432-437.

Cheng, E, Lukasiak, J, Burnett, IS & Stirling, D 1970, 'Using Spatial Cues for Meeting Speech Segmentation', 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, Toronto, CANADA, pp. 350-353.
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Cheng, E, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Boat Generated acoustic target signal detection by use of an adaptive median CFAR and multi-frame integration algorithm', Proceedings of EUSPICO 2005, 13th Europena Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2005), EURASIP, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-4.

Cheng, ED, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Boat-generated acoustic target signal detection by use of an Adaptive Median CFAR and multi-frame integration algorithm', 13th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2005, pp. 13-16.
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In this paper, an Adaptive Median Constant False Alarm Rate (AMCFAR) and multi-frame post detection integration algorithm is proposed for effective real time automatic target detection of boat-generated acoustic signals, in which, an observation space is created by sampling and dividing input analog acoustic signal into multiple frames and each frame is transformed into the frequency domain. In the created observation space, a Median Constant False Alarm Rate (MCFAR) and post detection integration algorithms have been proposed for an effective automatic target detection of boat generated acoustic signals, in which a low constant false alarm rate is kept with relative high detection rate. The proposed algorithm has been tested on several real acoustic signals from hydrophone sensors, and statistical analysis and experimental results showed it able to provide a very low false alarm rate and a relatively high detection rate in all cases.

Colville, J 1970, 'Implications for universities of teaching company based programmes: supping with the devil?', 8th IFIP World Conference on computers in education, IFIP World Conference on computers in education, IFIP, Stellenbach, South Africa, pp. 1-8.

D'Auriol, BJ, Arabnia, HR, Chung, PT, Liszka, K, Pan, Y, Parhami, B, Pescapè, A, Smid, J, Abonamah, A, Alameldin, T, Alghazo, JM, Apparao, P, Bhavsar, V, Biaz, S, Boppana, RV, Bourgeois, A, Bruneel, H, Buhari, SM, Chan, H, Chen, Z, Victor, C, Dai, Y, Dang, XH, De Turck, F, Dehne, F, Engel, T, Eskicioglu, MR, Frietman, EEE, Garrido, J, Gavrilova, ML, Graham, PCJ, Gravvanis, GA, He, L, Hung, CC, Iftekharuddin, KM, Iraqi, Y, Jack, J, Jia, W, Jun, YK, Kato, H, Li, K, Li, KC, Liang, X, Massini, A, McDonald-Maier, KD, Melhem, R, Mudiraj, P, Myoupo, JF, Nanda, P, Ould-Khaoua, M, Paprzycki, M, Petcu, D, Reinefeld, A, Risch, T, Romero, R, Sansone, C, Semé, D, Sessums, J, Shaw, R, Shen, H, Shrikumar, H, Skeie, T, Slimani, Y, Srimani, PK, Stutz, A, Sung, KY, Thomas, J, Uhlig, S, Vaidyanathan, R, Vasikarla, S, Wagner, A, Wang, BF, Welch, P, Wittevrongel, S, Wu, F, Xu, CW, Yang, L, Yim, KS, Young, G, Yu, H & Zheng, SQ 1970, 'General chair's foreword', Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Communications in Computing, CIC'05.

Davis, S & Burnett, I 1970, 'Collaborative Editing using an XML Protocol', TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE.
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XML is a popular approach to interoperable exchange of data between a wide range of devices. This paper explores the use of the Remote XML Exchange Protocol as a mechanism to provide efficient interaction with complex XML documents to users with limited complexity devices and/or limited bandwidth connections. The interactive mechanisms provided by the protocol allow users to navigate, edit and download XML even when delivery of the full XML document is impossible. The paper examines the use of the protocol to enable multiple users to collaboratively edit remote XML documents. Further, the paper explores the combination of the protocol, collaborative editing and recently released Word processor/Office suite XML schema formats.

Davis, SJ & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Efficient Delivery within the MPEG-21 Framework', First International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'05), First International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'05), IEEE, Florence, ITALY, pp. 205-208.
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Davis, SJ & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Exchanging XML Multimedia Containers Using a Binary XML Protocol', 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, pp. 358-361.
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Duflos, S, Gay, V, Kervella, B & Horlait, E 1970, 'Integration of security parameters in the service level specification to improve QoS management of secure distributed multimedia services', AINA 2005: 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Vol 2, International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (was ICOIN), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 145-148.
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This paper proposes to integrate security parameters into the Service Level Specification (SLS). Integrating those parameters in the QoS part of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) specification is essential in particular for secure multimedia services since the QoS is negotiated when the multimedia service is deployed. Security mechanisms need to be negotiated at that time when sensible multimedia information is exchanged. In this paper we show that including security parameters in the SLA specification improves the negotiation, deployment and use of the secure multimedia service. The parameters this paper proposes to integrate have the advantage to be understandable by both the end-users and service providers.

Duflos, S, Gay, VC, Kervella, B & Horlait, E 1970, 'Improving the SLA-based management of QoS for secure multimedia services', MANAGEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS AND SERVICES, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on management of multimedia networks and services, Springer, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 204-215.
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his paper proposes to integrate security parameters into the Service Level Specification (SLS) template proposed in the Tequila project to improve SLA-based management of QoS [8], [21]. Integrating those parameters in the QoS part of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) specification is essential in particular for secure multimedia services since the QoS is negotiated when the multimedia service is deployed. Security mechanisms need to be negotiated at deployment time when sensible multimedia information is exchanged. In this paper we show that including security parameters in the SLA specification improves the SLA-based management of QoS and therefore the negotiation, deployment and use of the secure multimedia service. The parameters this paper proposes to integrate have the advantage to be understandable by both the end-users and service providers.

Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic visual recognition of face and body action units', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Vol 1, Proceedings, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 668-673.
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Expressive face and body gestures are among the main non-verbal communication channels in human-human interaction. Understanding human emotions through these nonverbal means is one of the necessary skills both for humans and also for the computers to int

Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Fusing face and body display for bi-modal emotion recognition: Single frame analysis and multi-frame post integration', AFFECTIVE COMPUTING AND INTELLIGENT INTERACTION, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent, Springer, Beijing, China, pp. 102-111.
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This paper presents an approach to automatic visual emotion recognition from two modalities: expressive face and body gesture. Face and body movements are captured simultaneously using two separate cameras. For each face and body image sequence single “expressive” frames are selected manually for analysis and recognition of emotions. Firstly, individual classifiers are trained from individual modalities for mono-modal emotion recognition. Secondly, we fuse facial expression and affective body gesture information at the feature and at the decision-level. In the experiments performed, the emotion classification using the two modalities achieved a better recognition accuracy outperforming the classification using the individual facial modality. We further extend the affect analysis into a whole image sequence by a multi-frame post integration approach over the single frame recognition results. In our experiments, the post integration based on the fusion of face and body has shown to be more accurate than the post integration based on the facial modality only.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & IEEE 1970, 'Affect recognition from face and body: Early fusion vs. late fusion', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Hawaii, USA, pp. 3437-3443.
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This paper presents an approach to automatic visual emotion recognition from two modalities: face and body. Firstly, individual classifiers are trained from individual modalities. Secondly, we fuse facial expression and affective body gesture information first at a feature-level, in which the data from both modalities are combined before classification, and later at a decision-level, in which we integrate the outputs of the monomodal systems by the use of suitable criteria. We then evaluate these two fusion approaches, in terms of performance over monomodal emotion recognition based on facial expression modality only. In the experiments performed the emotion classification using the two modalities achieved a better recognition accuracy outperforming the classification using the individual facial modality. Moreover, fusion at the feature-level proved better recognition than fusion at the decision-level.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & IEEE 1970, 'Fusing face and body gesture for machine recognition of emotions', 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), International workshop on Robot and Human Interaction communication, IEEE, Nashville, USA, pp. 306-311.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lu, H 1970, 'Design and Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Claw Pole/Transverse Flux Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1413-1418.
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This paper presents the design and analysis of a claw pole/transverse flux motor (CPTFM) with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core and permanent magnet flux-concentrating rotor. Three-dimensional magnetic field finite element analysis is conducted to accurately calculate key motor parameters such as winding flux, back electromotive force, winding inductance, and core loss. Equivalent electric circuit is derived under optimum brushless DC control condition for motor performance prediction, and computer search techniques are applied for design optimization. All these computations and analyses have been implemented in a commercial software ANSYS for development of the SMC CPTFM prototype.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Chandru, R, Wang, S & Jin, J 1970, 'Determination of Winding Inductance in a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, pp. 491-496.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ & Lin, ZW 1970, 'Measurement and modelling of core losses of soft magnetic composites under 3D magnetic excitations in rotating motors', INTERMAG ASIA 2005: Digests of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, p. 51.
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Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ & Lin, ZW 1970, 'Measurement and modelling of core losses of soft magnetic composites under 3D magnetic excitations in rotating motors', INTERMAG Asia 2005. Digests of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, 2005., INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE, pp. 101-102.
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Ha, HM, Nguyen, AD & Ha, QP 1970, 'Controlling formations of multiple mobile robots with inter-robot collision avoidance', Proceedings of the 2005 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2005, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA, Australian Robotics and Automation Association Inc, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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In this paper, we investigate the problem of inter-robot collision avoidance in multiple mobile robot formation control. Two methodologies are utilized, namely Virtual Robot tracking by [Jongusuk and Mita, 2001] and l-l control by [Desai et al., 1998] to establish formation and avoid collision among robots. We point out that the framework in Virtual Robot tracking is potentially subject to collision among robots. This drawback is overcome in our design by incorporating a different reactive scheme in the incident possibility of collision. To prove the advantages of our framework, we demonstrate in simulation the case of three robots moving in formation and avoiding inter-robot collisions.

Ha, QP, Tran, TH, Scheding, S, Dissanayake, G & Durrant-Whyte, HF 1970, 'Control issues of an autonomous vehicle', 22nd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, ISARC 2005, International Symposium of Automation and Robotics in Construction, Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, University of Ferrara, Farrara, Italy, pp. 1-7.
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This paper addresses some control issues of a robotic amphibious vehicle that can serve as a general framework for automation of tractors used in construction. These include the vehicle's low-level dynamic equations, the development of its braking control system, kinematics in interactions with ground and the slip problem. Simulation and real-time results to date are presented.

Haiwei Lu & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'A study on characteristics of electromagnetic and piezoelectric micro actuators', IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, 2005. ICM '05., 2005 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 591-+.
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Haiwei Lu, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'A Permanent Magnet Linear Motor for Micro Robots', 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, IEEE, Kuala Lumper, Malaysia, pp. 590-595.
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Haiwei Lu, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Development of a slotless tubular linear interior permanent magnet micro motor for robotic applications', INTERMAG Asia 2005. Digests of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, 2005., INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE, p. 105.
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Hanh Le, Doan Hoang & Simmonds, A 1970, 'A self-organising model for topology-aware overlay formation', IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1566-1571.
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One of the major weaknesses of existing peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is that their overlay structures do not correlate to the physical underlying network topology. As a result, the overlays waste network resources and introduce excessive end-to-end latency for P2P applications. In this paper, we present a new model for topology-aware overlay formation. Firstly, it clusters nodes that are close to each other in terms of network latency and network membership. Secondly, it discovers the underlying topology between clusters to form an efficient overlay. The model is self-organising and distributed without the need of global knowledge.

Hanh Le, Doan Hoang, Simmonds, A, Yousef, B & Chan, J 1970, 'An efficient mechanism for mobility support using peer-to-peer overlay networks', INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., IEEE, pp. 325-330.
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Expanding the Internet infrastructure to span mobile devices is a challenging task. The Internet's addressing and routing scheme was originally designed for fixed devices making it inoperable without redirection and tracking functions such as those proposed by Mobile IP. However, Mobile IP requires prior network setup, and causes a large added overhead. In this paper, we propose a new approach to support mobile IP users using a Peer-to-Peer overlay network. The proposed overlay exploits locality to efficiently use the network resources and manage location data in a self-organizing and distributed fashion. The simulation results are presented. © 2005 IEEE.

Hanh Le, Hoang, D & Simmonds, A 1970, 'An optimised geographically-aware overlay network', INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., IEEE, Perth, Aust, pp. 372-377.
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Hatakawa, Y, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Robust VLSI Architecture for System-On-Chip Design and its implementation in Viterbi Decoder', 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Kobe, JAPAN, pp. 25-28.
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He, S, Jia, W, Lin, Q & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Detection of Heart Movement Manner Based on Hexagonal Image Structure', Proceedings of the First International Conference on Medical Imaging and Telemedicine, Middlesex University Press, Wuyi Mountain, P. R. China, pp. 28-31.

He, S, Wang, H, Wu, Q & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Contractive IFS for fractal image compression on spiral architecture', Proceedings of 2005 Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, IEEE, Hong Kong, China, pp. 171-176.

He, X, Hintz, T, Wu, Q & Zheng, L 1970, 'Number recognition using inductive learning on spiral architecture', Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Computer Vision, VISION'05, International conference in computer vision, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 58-62.
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In this paper, a number recognition algorithm on Spiral Architecture is proposed. This algorithm employs RULES-3 inductive learning method and template matching technique. The algorithm starts from a collection of samples of numbers or letters used in number plates. Edge maps of the samples are then detected based on Spiral Architecture. A set of rules are extracted using these samples by RULES-3. The rules describe the frequencies of 9 different edge masks appearing in the samples. Each mask is a cluster of 7 hexagonal pixels. In order to recognize a number plate, all characters (digits or letters) are tested one by one using the extracted rules. The number recognition is achieved by the frequencies of the 9 masks.

Hoang, D, Le, H & Simmonds, A 1970, 'PIPPON: A Physical Infrastructure-aware Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network', TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Hoang, HG, Tuan, HD, Vo, B & Kha, HH 1970, 'Beam Pattern Synthesis for Large Symmetric Arrays with Bounds on Sidelobe and Mainlobe Levels', 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 1014-1018.
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Bounding the sidelobe and mainlobe levels of a symmetric antenna array with complex weights can be posed as semi-infinite trigonometric constraints. Standard optimization techniques can be used to convert the semi-infinite trigonometric constraints into

Hoang, HG, Vo, B-N, Tuan, HD & Son, TT 1970, 'Mask constrained beam pattern synthesis for large arrays', Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2005., Eighth International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2005., IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 387-390.
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Antenna array pattern synthesis with mask constraints can be formulated as a convex optimization problem with semi-infinite trigonometric polynomial constraints. The current approach uses a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) characterization of the semi-infi

Hoofman, RJOM, Verheijden, GJAM, Michelon, J, Iacopi, F, Travaly, Y, Baklanov, MR, Tokei, Z & Beyer, GP 1970, 'Challenges in the implementation of low-k dielectrics in the back-end of line', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, 14th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors, ELSEVIER, Univ Leuven, Dept Psychol, Louvain, BELGIUM, pp. 337-344.
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Huang, S, Kwok, N, Dissanayake, G, Ha, QP & Fang, G 1970, 'Multi-Step Look-Ahead Trajectory Planning in SLAM: Possibility and Necessity', Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Automation, The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Inc, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1103-1108.
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In this paper, the possibility and necessity of multistep trajectory planning in Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based SLAM is investigated. The objective of the trajectory planning here is to minimize the estimation error of the robot and landmark locations subject to a given time horizon. We show that the problem can be regarded as an optimization problem for a gradually identified model. A numerical method is proposed for trajectory planning using a variant of the nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC). The proposed method is optimal in the sense that the control action is computed using all the information available at the time of decision making. Simulation results are included to compare the results from the one-step look-ahead trajectory planning and the proposed multi-step lookahead technique

Hui Zhang, Guoqiang Zhang & Wong, K-YK 1970, 'Camera calibration with spheres: linear approaches', IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, rnational Conference on Image Processing, IEEE, pp. 1150-1153.
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This paper addresses the problem of camera calibration from spheres. By studying the relationship between the dual images of spheres and that of the absolute conic, a linear solution has been derived from a recently proposed non-linear semi-definite approach. However, experiments show that this approach is quite sensitive to noise. In order to overcome this problem, a second approach has been proposed, where the orthogonal calibration relationship is obtained by regarding any two spheres as a surface of revolution. This allows a camera to be fully calibrated from an image of three spheres. Besides, a conic homography is derived from the imaged spheres, and from its eigenvectors the orthogonal invariants can be computed directly. Experiments on synthetic and real data show the practicality of such an approach. © 2005 IEEE.

Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH, Mazurenko, A, Struyf, H, Mannaert, G, Travaly, Y, Maznev, A, Abell, TJ, Tower, J, Maex, K & IEEE 1970, 'Surface Acoustic Waves as a technique for in-line detection of processing damage to low-k dielectrics', Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE International InterconnectTechnology Conference 2005, IEEE, Burlingame, CA, pp. 217-219.
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Iyer, NPR & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Modeling and Simulation of A Six Step Discontinuous Current Mode Inverter Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Using SIMULINK', 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, IEEE, pp. 1056-1061.
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This manuscript describes modelling of a six step discontinuous current mode inverter fed PMSM drive using SIMULINK. The dq-axis voltage-current and torque relation in terms of machine parameters are used to develop the SIMULINK model. A six step 120 degree mode inverter model is newly developed using SIMULINK. Performance test and measurement were conducted on Lybotec six step discontinuous current inverter fed PMSM drive at no load in the laboratory. These values are used in this open loop model. Simulation results for phase advance angle of π/6 and π/4 are given and compared with experimental results. © 2005 IEEE.

Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Zhiwei Lin & Jinjiang Zhong 1970, 'Measurement and modeling of SMC materials under vector magnetizations', 2005 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Nanjing, China, pp. 2354-2359.
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In a rotating electrical machine, the local flux density loci could be very complex, e.g. alternating, circularly or elliptically rotating in a plane tilted from any coordinate axis, or even an irregular loop in a three-dimensional space. Different magnetization patterns have very different effects on the machine performance such as core losses, which should be properly taken into account in the design and application of electrical machines. This paper presents the measurement and modeling of the magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under various vector magnetizations, and the approach to predicting core losses in electrical machines with SMC cores.

Kami, Y, Han, C & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'LDPC codes performance based on OFDM wireless communication system', 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Chung Chi Coll, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 313-316.
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Kong, X & Lowe, D 1970, 'NavOptim coding: Web navigational construction to minimise navigation effort', AusWeb05: 11th Australasian World Wide Web Conference, Australian World Wide Web Conference, Norsearch Conference Service, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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Web applications have rapidly become critical to the interaction that organisations have with their external stakeholders. A major factor in the effectiveness of this interaction is the ease with which users can locate information and functionality which they are seeking. Effective design is however complicated by the multiple purposes and users which Web applications typically support. In our earlier work we described a model for evaluating the overall navigation entropy of a Web application which provides a measure of the weighted effort required of users. In this paper we describe a navigational design method aimed at minimizing this navigational entropy. The approach uses a theoretical navigational depth for the various information and service components to moderate a nested hierarchical clustering of the content. © 2005. Xiaoying Kong and David Lowe.

Kong, X & Lowe, D 1970, 'NavOptim: On the Possibility of Minimising Navigation Effort', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Web Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, Australia, pp. 581-584.
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Web applications have rapidly become critical to the interaction that organisations have with their external stakeholders. A major factor in the effectiveness of this interaction is the ease with which users can locate information and functionality which they are seeking. Effective design is complicated by the multiple purposes and users which Web applications support. In our earlier work we described a model for evaluating the weighted effort required of users. In this paper we describe an approach to minimizing this navigational effort. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Kong, X, Liu, L & Lowe, DB 1970, 'Modelling an Agile Web Maintenance Process', Systems Thinking and Complexity Science: Insights for Action, Annual ANZSYS/Managing the Complex V Conference, ISCE Publishing, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.

Lauf, S & Burnett, I 1970, 'A Protected Digital Item Declaration Language for MPEG-21', First International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'05), First International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'05), IEEE, Florence, ITALY, pp. 275-278.
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Lauf, S & Burnett, I 1970, 'Implementation of a mobile MPEG-21 peer', Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM05: 2005 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, pp. 323-326.
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The MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework aims to realize interoperable access to content across heterogeneous networks and devices. Within the Framework, the concept of Digital Items is introduced as a structured digital representation for multimedia. To demonstrate the applicability of MPEG-21 to seamless multimedia interactions on limited platforms, the authors have produced an implementation of MPEG-21 for a mobile device, in Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME). This paper examines the design and implementation of the Mobile MPEG-21 Peer, including a specialized architecture and processing mechanisms specific to the J2ME platform. Copyright © 2005 ACM.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, V & IEEE 1970, 'Personalized service and network adaptation for smart devices', 2005 ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (APCC), VOLS 1& 2, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 867-871.
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Li, AH, Liu, HK, Ionescu, M, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Collings, EW, Sumption, MD, Bhatia, M, Lin, ZW & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Improvement of critical current density and thermally assisted individual vortex depinning in pulsed-laser-deposited YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films on SrTiO3 (100) substrate with surface modification by Ag nanodots', Journal of Applied Physics, 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, AIP Publishing, Jacksonville, FL, pp. 10B107-10B107.
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Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 (100) single-crystal substrates whose surfaces were modified by the introduction of Ag nanodots. The critical current density (Jc) was found to increase with the number of Ag shots. Zero-field magnetic Jc0 at 77K increased from 8×105 up to 3.5×106A∕cm2 as the number of Ag shots increased from 0 to over 150 times. Microstructure investigations indicated that the crystallinity and the ab alignment gradually improved as the number of Ag nanodots increased. Thermally activated depinning of individual vortices is suggested responsible for a field-independent Jc plateau.

Liberati, NB, Platen, E, Martini, F & Piccardi, M 1970, 'A multi-point distributed random variable accelerator for Monte Carlo simulation in finance', 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, Proceedings, International Conference on Intelligent Systems Designs and Applications, IEEE, Wroclaw, Poland, pp. 532-537.
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The pricing and hedging of complex derivative securities via Monte Carlo simulations of stochastic differential equations constitutes an intensive computational task. To achieve 'real time' execution, as often required by financial institutions, one needs highly efficient implementations of the multi-point distributed random variables underlying the simulations. In this paper a fast and flexible dedicated hardware solution is proposed. A comparative performance analysis demonstrates that the hardware solution is bottleneck-free and flexible, and significantly increases the computational efficiency of the software solution. © 2005 IEEE.

Liberati, NB, Platen, E, Martini, F & Piccardi, M 1970, 'An FPGA generator for multipoint distributed random variables (abstract only)', Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays, FPGA05: ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays 2005, ACM, p. 280.
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Multi-point distributed random variables whose moments match those of a Gaussian random variable up to a certain order play an important role in Monte Carlo simulations of weak approximations of stochastic differential equations. In applications such as finance, where "real time" execution is required, there is a strong need for highly efficient implementations. In this paper a fast and flexible dedicated hardware solution on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented. A comparative performance analysis between a software-only and the proposed hardware solution demonstrates that the FPGA solution is bottleneck-free, retains the flexibility of the software solution and significantly increases the computational efficiency.

Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'A variable-parameter neural network trained by improved genetic algorithm and its application', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005), IEEE, Montreal, CANADA, pp. 1343-1348.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'Genetic algorithm-based variable translation wavelet neural network and its application', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005), IEEE, Montreal, CANADA, pp. 1365-1370.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'Real-coded genetic algorithm with average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation for network parameters learning', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005), IEEE, Montreal, CANADA, pp. 1325-1330.

Liu, J, Li, SS, He, XJ & Wu, Q 1970, 'A study of fractal based watermarking for images', DCABES and ICPACE Joint Conference on Distributed Algorithms for Science and Engineering, Joint Meeting of the International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science/International Conference on Parallel Algorithms and Computing Evironments, UNIV GREENWICH, SCH COMPUTING & MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, Univ Greenwich, Maritime Greenwich Campus, Greenwich, ENGLAND, pp. 127-130.
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In this paper, we will provide a study on Fractal based watermarking techniques available today. Fractal is a technique that makes use of the similarity of the natural phenomena of irregular shapes. Only in recent years it has been used in image coding a

Lowe, D & Kong, X 1970, 'Applying NavOptim to minimise navigational effort', Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web - WWW '05, Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference, ACM Press, Chiba, Japan, pp. 1056-1057.
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Lu, S, Zhang, J & Feng, D 1970, 'Classification of Moving Humans Using Eigen-Features and Support Vector Machines', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, CAIP 2005, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Versailles, pp. 522-529.
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This paper describes a method of categorizing the moving objects using eigen-features and support vector machines. Eigen-features, generally used in face recognition and static image classification, are applied to classify the moving objects detected fro

Lubonski, M, Gay, V, Simmonds, A & IEEE 1970, 'A conceptual architecture for adaptation in remote desktop systems driven by the user perception of multimedia', 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Vols 1& 2, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 891-895.
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Lubonski, M, Gay, V, Simmonds, A & IEEE 1970, 'An adaptation architecture to improve user-perceived QoS of multimedia services for enterprise remote desktop protocols', 2005 Next Generation Internet Networks, Next Generation Internet Networks Traffic Engineering, IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 149-156.
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Limitations in the contemporary best effort WAN combined with an increase in demand of the business users for multimedia are the main challenges for remote desktop solutions. Thin client remote desktop protocols are now mature enough to work efficiently over low bandwidth and low quality links for normal office applications. However, they face significant challenges when working with more demanding data flows such as multimedia streams. This paper introduces the server-side component of the architecture for remote desktop environment aiming at improving user perception of the more demanding and network sensitive multimedia applications and services. Our component maps of user-perceived Quality of Service (QoS) onto network-level performance parameters in order to improve overall end-to-end QoS. The set of perception rules defined for each application and type of user triggers the adaptation mechanisms to change the transmission parameters in order to meet end user expectations. The adaptation mechanisms can optimize the usage of the available network resources within a dedicated network link both for different flows within single client connection and for all clients connected to the same server module. The result of such an optimization is a new set of connection parameters adjusted to network state changes and user perception of remote desktop. In the paper we discuss requirements of such QoS control mechanisms and respective adaptation mechanisms, followed by the detailed description of the proposed component architecture.

Machiraju, S, Veitch, D, Baccelli, F, Nucci, A & Bolot, JC 1970, 'Theory and practice of cross-traffic estimation', ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), ACM, pp. 400-401.
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Active probing heuristics are usually based on queuing systems. However, a rigorous probabilistic treatment of probing methods has been lacking. For instance, it is not known even in principle, what can and cannot be measured in general, nor the true limitations of existing methods. We provide a probabilistic treatment for the measurement of cross traffic in the 1-hop case. We derive inversion formulae for the cross traffic process, and explain their fundamental limits, using an intuitive geometric framework.

Machiraju, S, Veitch, D, Baccelli, F, Nucci, A & Bolot, JC 1970, 'Theory and practice of cross-traffic estimation', ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, ACM, pp. 400-401.

Madden, CS & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Height measurement as a session-based biometric for people matching across disjoint camera views', Proceedings Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2005, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Wickliffe Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 282-286.

Maex, K, Brongersma, SH, Iacopi, F, Vanstreels, K, Travaly, Y, Baklanov, M, D'Haen, J & Beyer, G 1970, 'Aggressive scaling of Cu/low k: impact on metrology', Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005, 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology, AMER INST PHYSICS, Richardson, TX, pp. 475-481.

Martini, F, Piccardi, M, Liberati, NB, Platen, E & IEEE 1970, 'A hardware generator for multi-point distributed random variables', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Computer Society Press, Kobe, Japan, pp. 1702-1705.
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In Monte Carlo simulation of weak approximation of stochastic differential equations, multi-point distributed random variables play an important role. However, they need highly efficient implementations to meet the 'real-time' requirements of applications such as the pricing of complex derivative securities. In this paper a fast and fexible dedicated hardware generator of multi-point distributed random variables on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented. A comparative performance analysis demonstrates that the hardware solution is bottleneck-free, retains the fexibility of a traditional software implementation and significantly increases the computational fficiency of the overall simulation. © 2005 IEEE.

Mathew, R, Yu, Z & Zhang, J 1970, 'Detecting New Stable Objects In Surveillance Video', 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Shanghai, pp. 0-0.
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We describe a novel method to detect new stable objects in video. This includes detecting new objects that appear in a scene and remain stationary for a period of time. Examples include detecting a dropped bag or a parked car. Our method utilizes the sta

Milne, G, McGloin, D & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Colloidal dynamics in the circularly symmetric optical potential of a Bessel beam', SPIE Proceedings, Optics & Photonics 2005, SPIE, pp. 1-11.
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Milne, G, Paterson, L, McGloin, D, Riches, A & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Light-induced separation and flow of microscopic and biological particles', SPIE Proceedings, Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2005, SPIE, San Jose, CA, pp. 46-53.
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Min Xu, Liang-Tien Chia & Jin, J 1970, 'Affective Content Analysis in Comedy and Horror Videos by Audio Emotional Event Detection', 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, pp. 622-625.
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We study the problem of affective content analysis. In this paper -we think of affective contents as those video/audio segments, which may cause an audience's strong reactions or special emotional experiences, such as laughing or fear. Those emotional factors are related to the users' attention, evaluation, and memories of the content The modeling of affective effects depends on the video genres. In this work, we focus on comedy and horror films to extract the affective content by detecting a set of so-called audio emotional events (AEE) such as laughing, horror sounds, etc. Those AEE can be modeled by various audio processing techniques, and they can directly reflect an audience's emotion. We use the AEE as a clue to locate corresponding video segments. Domain knowledge is more or less employed at this stage. Our experimental dataset consists of 40-minutes comedy video and 40-minutes horror film. An average recall and precision of above 90% is achieved. It is shown that, in addition to rich visual information, an appropriate usage of special audios is an effective way to assist affective content analysis. © 2005 IEEE.

Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Message from general co-chair', IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2005. ISCIT 2005., IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2005. ISCIT 2005., IEEE, p. 7.
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Peterson, C, Chaczko, Z, Scott, C & Davis, D 1970, 'SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 35-40.
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Software is developed and implemented by enterprises that wish to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. This process is often undertaken by persons who have little or no formal training in the field, particularly in developing countries. The results are frequently disadvantageous and often fatal to the enterprise. The University of Technology, Sydney has designed a special short postgraduate program targeted at persons in developing countries who have or wish to have such software responsibility. The response to this program has proven to be significant as it provides a fast and effective approach to increasing the software project management capability. Copyright © 2005 IFAC.

Phan, HT & Hoang, DB 1970, 'FICC-DiffServ: A new QoS architecture supporting resources discovery, admission and congestion controls', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Vol 2, Proceedings, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 710-715.
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Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS architecture is scalable but inadequate to deal with network congestion and unable to provide fairness among its traffic aggregates. Recently, IETF has recommended additional functions including admission control an

Phan, HT, Hoang, DB, Yousef, B & Society, IEEEC 1970, 'Performance analysis of the FICC-DiffServ architecture', LCN 2005: 30th Conference on Local Computer Networks, Proceedings, IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Sydney, Aust, pp. 451-457.
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This paper analyses the behaviour and evaluates the performance of a new QoS DiffServ model, called FICC-DiffServ, as implemented in [I]. The implementation proposed a comprehensive framework for DiffServ networks. In the model, the fair intelligent congestion control (FICC) algorithm is applied to provide fairness among traffic aggregates and control congestion inside the networks. Simulation results show that the FICC-DiffServ is robust and simple to implement. It provides excellent fairness and minimizes the packet delay and jitter under a wide range of variations of both internal and external network conditions. In addition, the paper investigates the dynamicity of the overall system by studying the impact of its target operating point on the overall system performance and suggesting a scheme to adjust the operating point adaptively

Piccardi, M & Cheng, ED 1970, 'Track matching over disjoint camera views based on an incremental major color spectrum histogram', Proceedings. IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2005., IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2005., IEEE, Como, Itlay, pp. 147-152.
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Matching tracks from a single individual across disjoint camera views is a challenging task in video surveillance. In this paper, a Major Color Spectrum Histogram representation (MCSHR) is introduced to represent a moving object by using a normalized distance between two points in the RGB space. Then, an incremental MCSHR is proposed to cope with small pose changes and segmentation errors occurring along the track. Finally, a similarity measurement algorithm is proposed based on the incremental MCSHR to measure the similarity of any two tracked moving objects. The proposed similarity measurement algorithm proved capable of measuring the similarity of the two moving objects accurately. Experimental results show that with three to five frames integration, the proposed incremental MCSHR algorithm can make matching more robust and reliable than single-frame matching, especially for small pose changes. The matching performance is not obviously improved instead when the number of integration is more than five. The similarity of a same moving object in two different tracks has been improved from 92% to 95% with the integration number increased from three to five, while two different moving objects have been easily discriminated. The proposed algorithm can be used to match tracks from single individuals in camera networks which do not provide full coverage of the monitored space. © 2005 IEEE.

Qiang Wu, Xiangjian He & Hintz, T 1970, 'Bi-Lateral Filtering Based Edge Detection on Hexagonal Architecture', Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005., (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005., IEEE.
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Edge detection plays an important role in image processing area but is still an open problem. This paper presents a novel edge detection method based on bi-lateral filtering which achieves better performance than single Gaussian filtering. In this form of filtering, both spatial closeness and intensity similarity of pixels are considered in order to preserve important visual cues provided by edges and reduce the sharpness of transitions in intensity values as well. In addition, the edge detection method proposed in this paper is achieved on hexagonally sampled images. Due to the compact and circular nature of the hexagonal lattice, a better quality edge map is obtained on hexagonal architecture than common edge detection on square architecture. Experimental results using our proposed method in this paper exhibit encouraging performance. © 2005 IEEE.

Richard, O, Iacopi, F, Tokei, Z & Bender, H 1970, 'Damage layer in silica-based low-k material induced by the patterning plasma process studied by energy-filtered TEM', Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, 14th Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND, pp. 347-350.

Rong, L & Burnett, I 1970, 'BitTorrent in a Dynamic Resource Adapting Peer-to-Peer Network', First International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'05), First International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'05), IEEE, Florence, ITALY, pp. 224-227.
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Rong, L & Burnett, I 1970, 'Dynamic resource adaptation in a heterogeneous Peer-to-Peer environment', 2005 2nd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC2005, 2nd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 416-420.
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This paper focuses on metadata-based, multimedia resource representation and retrieval in a P2P environment as a means of Universal Multimedia Access (UMA). The primary focus of the work is a P2P architecture which uses MPEG-21 as a standards based technique to dynamically adapt resources to various usage environments. In the architecture, a super peer based approach is used to cluster peers, store peer information, perform searches and instruct peers to adapt/send resources. Also a two-stages based adaptation method is introduced to adapt search results and resources in an intelligent manner based on the usage environment attributes. The concept is demonstrated using a test-bed built based on the JXTA peer-to-peer frame-work. In addition, simulation results show that the proposed architecture reduces download time while increasing resource availabilities and download speed in the network when compared to traditional P2P systems. © 2004 IEEE.

Rong, L & Burnett, I 1970, 'Improved Dynamic Multimedia Resource Adaptation-based Peer-to-Peer System through Locality-based Clustering and Service', TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE.
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A dynamic P2P architecture based on MPEG-21 was proposed in our previous work to support resource adaptation/personalization according to the surrounding usage environment and user preferences. In this paper, we improve the proposed system through two separate but related modifications. Firstly, peers are clustered according to registered geographic location information. Secondly, based on that registered location information, a locality-based service is introduced which allows users to search services according to their geographic locations. The service complements the proposed P2P architecture by encouraging service providers to increase the uptime of their devices and hence provide the spare computer power for active adaptation of resources for low-end peers. Simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces download time and network delays while increasing resource availability and download speed in the network.

Shoudong Huang, Kwok, NM, Dissanayake, G, Ha, QP & Gu Fang 1970, 'Multi-Step Look-Ahead Trajectory Planning in SLAM: Possibility and Necessity', Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 1091-1096.
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Smith, D, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, I 1970, 'A Sequential Approach to Sparse Component Analysis', 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE.
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A sequential approach to Sparse Component Analysis (SeqTIF) is proposed in this paper. Although SeqTIF employs the estimation process of the simultaneous TIFROM algorithm [1], a source cancellation and deflation technique are also incorporated to sequentially estimate speech signals in the mixture. Results indicate that SeqTIF's separation performance shows a clear improvement upon the simultaneous TIFROM approach, due to the less restrictive assumptions it places upon the signals in the mixture. In particular, the analysis indicates SeqTIF's data efficiency is high, enabling the sequential approach to track a time-varying mixture with much greater accuracy than the simultaneous algorithm. Furthermore, SeqTIF is a more flexible approach, free from the constraints that a simultaneous approach places upon the mixing system.

Smith, D, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, I 1970, 'An investigation of temporal modeling in blind signal separation', Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2005., Eighth International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2005., IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 503-506.
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Spoor, DJ, Zhu, J & Nichols, P 1970, 'Filtering effects of substation secondary circuits on power system traveling wave transients', ICEMS 2005: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Vols 1-3, 8th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2005), INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LTD, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 2360-2365.

Struyf, H, Hendrickx, D, Van Olmen, J, Iacopi, F, Richard, O, Travaly, Y, Van Hove, M, Boullart, W, Vanhaelemeersch, S & IEEE 1970, 'Low-damage damascene patterning of SiOC(H) low-k dielectrics', Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE International InterconnectTechnology Conference 2005, IEEE, Burlingame, CA, pp. 30-32.
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Su, SW, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Ambikairajah, E, Savkin, AV & IEEE 1970, 'Estimation of walking energy expenditure by using support vector regression', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3526-3529.
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This paper develops a new predictor of walking energy expenditure from wireless measurements of body movements using triaxial accelerometers. Reliable data were collected from repeated walking experiments in different conditions on a treadmill with simultaneous measurement of expired oxygen and carbon dioxide. Support vector regression, a powerful non-linear regression method, was used to process and model the data. This novel processing method sets this investigation apart from existing papers. Good results were achieved in the robust estimation of walking related energy expenditure from a number of variables derived from triaxial accelerometer and treadmill speed

Su, SW, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV & IEEE 1970, 'Heart rate control during treadmill exercise', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2471-2474.
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A computer-controlled treadmill and related data collection and processing systems have been developed for the control of heart rate during treadmill exercise. Minimizing deviations of heart rate from a preset profile is achieved by controlling the speed and/or the gradient of the treadmill. A simple and practical heart rate measurement algorithm has been developed to robustly measure the variations of heart rate. Both conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and fuzzy proportional-integral (PI) control approaches have been employed for the controller design. The fuzzy proportional-integral algorithm achieved better heart rate tracking performance. Finally, a heart rate based exercising protocol was successfully implemented on the newly designed exercise system

T.D. Hoang, T.T. Son, B. Vo & T.Q. Nguyen 1970, 'LMI Characterization for The Convex Hull of Trigonometric Curves and Applications', Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005., (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005., IEEE, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 425-428.
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In this paper, we develop a new linear matrix inequality (LW technique, which is practical for solutions of the general trigonometric semi-infinite linear constraint (TSIC) of competitive orders. Based on the new full LMI characterization for the convex

Thomas-Kerr, J, Burnett, I & Ciufo, P 1970, 'Bitstream Binding Language &#8211; Mapping XML Multimedia Containers into Streams', 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, Toronto, CANADA, pp. 626-629.
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Uppu, S, Hoang, DB & Hintz, T 1970, 'A novel exception handling scheme for out patient workflow in a wireless handheld hospital environment', ISWS '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Web Services and Applications, international symposium on web services and applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 169-175.

Van Schaik, A, Reeve, R, Jin, C & Hamilton, T 1970, 'An a VLSI cricket ear model', Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1385-1392.
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Female crickets can locate males by phonotaxis to the mating song they produce. The behaviour and underlying physiology has been studied in some depth showing that the cricket auditory system solves this complex problem in a unique manner. We present an analogue very large scale integrated (aVLSI) circuit model of this process and show that results from testing the circuit agree with simulation and what is known from the behaviour and physiology of the cricket auditory system. The aVLSI circuitry is now being extended to use on a robot along with previously modelled neural circuitry to better understand the complete sensorimotor pathway.

Wang, H, Wang, M, Hintz, T, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'Fractal image compression on a pseudo Spiral Architecture', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computer Science Conference, ACM, Newcastle, Aust, pp. 201-208.
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Fractal image compression is a relatively recent image compression method which exploits similarities in different parts of the image. The basic idea is to represent an image by fractals and each of which is the fixed point of an Iterated Function System (IFS). Therefore, an input image can be represented by a series of IFS codes rather than pixels. In this way, an impressive compression ratio 10000:1 can be achieved. The application of fractal image compression presented in this paper is based on a novel image structure, Spiral Architecture, which has hexagonal instead of square pixels as the basic element. In the paper evidence would suggest that introducing Spiral Architecture into fractal image compression will improve the compression performance in compression ratio with little suffering in image quality. There are also much research could be done in this area to further improve the results. Copyright © 2005, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Wang, L, Su, SW, Celler, BG, Ambikairajah, E & IEEE 1970, 'Analysis of orientation error of triaxial accelerometers on the assessment of energy expenditure', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3514-3517.
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This paper investigates the effects of orientation error in the positioning of triaxial accelerometers on the assessment of energy expenditure. Four subjects walked on a treadmill at varying velocities ranging from 4km.h-1 to 5km.h-1 . During each test, a triaxial accelerometer attached to the lower back at arbitrary orientations to record body accelerations. Energy expenditure was estimated by the sum of the integrals of the absolute value of accelerometer output from all the three measurement directions. Based on theoretical analysis and experimental observations, it is concluded that small orientation errors (<3deg) have no distinguishable effects on the estimation of energy expenditure. We propose an efficient method to compensate for larger orientation errors. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of this proposed compensation method

Wang, L, Su, SW, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV & IEEE 1970, 'Modeling of a gas concentration measurement system', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 6695-6698.
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Energy expenditure can be calculated via measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Precise measurement of expired gas concentrations and volume is required for this determination. For a given gas concentration measurement system, the establishment of a model is a good way to effectively use the equipments and achieve more accurate energy expenditure calculations. This paper proposes a simple but effective approach for the modeling of a gas concentration measurement system.

Wang, S, Qiu, J, Li, Q, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A Parametric Finite Element Analysis Package for Electromagnetic Fields of Electrical Machine', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, pp. 82-87.

Watterson, PA, Collocott, SJ, Dunlop, JB, Gwan, PB, Hunter, GP, Kalan, BA & Lovatt, HC 1970, 'High-torque brushless DC motor for a valve actuator', 2005 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Nanging, China, pp. 153-158.
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Wenjing Jia, Huaifeng Zhang & Xiangjian He 1970, 'Mean Shift for Accurate Number Plate Detection', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 732-737.
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This paper presents a robust method for number plate detection, where mean shift segmentation is used to segment color vehicle images into candidate regions. Three features are extracted in order to decide whether a candidate region contains a number plate, namely, rectangularity, aspect ratio, and edge density. Then, the Mahalanobis classifier is used with respect to the above three features to detect number plate regions accurately. The experimental results show that our algorithm produces high robustness and accuracy. © 2005 IEEE.

Wenjing Jia, Huaifeng Zhang, Xiangjian He & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Mean shift for accurate license plate localization', Proceedings. 2005 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005., 2005 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005., IEEE, Vienna, Austria, pp. 566-571.
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This paper presents a region-based algorithm for accurate license plate localization, where mean shift is utilized to filter and segment color vehicle images into candidate regions. Three features are extracted in order to decide whether a candidate region represents a real license plate, namely, rectangularity, aspect ratio, and edge density. Then, the Mahalanobis classifier is used with respect to above three features to classify license plate regions and non-license plate regions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produces high robustness and accuracy. © 2005 IEEE.

Wu, Q, He, S & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Bi-lateral filtering based edge detection on hexagonal architecture', 2005 IEEE International Conference On Acoustics, Speech, And Signal Processing, Vols 1-5 - Speech Processing, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp. 11713-11716.
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Edge detection plays an important role in image processing area but is still an open problem. This paper presents a novel edge detection method based on bi-lateral filtering which achieves better performance than single Gaussian filtering. In this form of filtering, both spatial closeness and intensity similarity of pixels are considered in order to preserve important visual cues provided by edges and reduce the sharpness of transitions in intensity values as well. In addition, the edge detection method proposed in this paper is achieved on hexagonally sampled images. Due to the compact and circular nature of the hexagonal lattice, a better quality edge map is obtained on hexagonal architecture than common edge detection on square architecture. Experimental results using our proposed method in this paper exhibit encouraging performance.

Xiangjian He & Wenjing Jia 1970, 'Hexagonal Structure for Intelligent Vision', 2005 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, 2005 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, IEEE, Karachi, Pakistan, pp. 52-64.
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Using hexagonal grids to represent digital images have been studied for more than 40 years. Increased processing capabilities of graphic devices and recent improvements in CCD technology have made hexagonal sampling attractive for practical applications and brought new interests on this topic. The hexagonal structure is considered to be preferable to the rectangular structure due to its higher sampling efficiency, consistent connectivity and higher angular resolution and is even proved to be superior to square structure in many applications. Since there is no mature hardware for hexagonal-based image capture and display, square to hexagonal image conversion has to be done before hexagonal-based image processing. Although hexagonal image representation and storage has not yet come to a standard, experiments based on existing hexagonal coordinate systems have never ceased. In this paper, we firstly introduced general reasons that hexagonally sampled images are chosen for research. Then, typical hexagonal coordinates and addressing schemes, as well as hexagonal based image processing and applications, are fully reviewed. © 2005 IEEE.

Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Simple implementations of mutually orthogonal complementary sets of sequences', 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Chung Chi Coll, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 369-372.
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Xiaoying Kong, Li Liu & Lowe, D 1970, 'Supporting Web user interface prototyping through information modeling and system architecting', IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE'05), IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE'05), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 63-70.
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Existing design methods used for developing webcentric systems are mostly adapted from methods for designing traditional software systems. Web-centric systems however differ from traditional software systems, in terms of both organizational and technical characteristics. Effective design methods for webcentric systems need to address these characteristics specific to web-centric systems. This paper proposes a design method for web-centric systems. The de-sign process comprises three steps: prototyping, information modeling and sys-tem architecture design. The method is differentiated from existing design methods in that the design process commences from user interface prototyping. Information modeling activities are further enhanced in this method. To cope with the complexity of web systems, each design step is partitioned into both structural modeling and behavioral modeling. The design method is illustrated by applying the method to the design of a commercial web application.

Xiaoying Kong, Li Liu & Lowe, D 1970, 'Web System Trace Model Using a Web Application Architecture Framework', 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, IEEE, Hong Kong, China, pp. 508-513.
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Traceability analysis is crucial to the development of web-centric systems, particularly those with frequent system changes, fine-grained evolution and maintenance, and high level of requirements uncertainty. A trace model at the level of the web system architecture is presented in this paper to address the specific challenges of developing web-centric systems. The trace model separates the concerns of different participants in the web development life cycle into perspectives; and classifies each perspective into structure, behaviour and location. Tracing relationships are presented along two dimensions: within perspectives; and among perspectives. Examples of tracing relationships are presented using UML. © 2005 IEEE.

Xu, X & Zangari, G 1970, 'Microscopic structure and magnetic behavior of arrays of electrodeposited Ni and Fe nanowires', Journal of Applied Physics, 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, AIP Publishing, Jacksonville, FL, pp. 10A306-10A306.
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Arrays of Ni and Fe nanowires with length up to 6μm were fabricated by voltage controlled electrodeposition within track etched polycarbonate membranes with nominal pore diameter 50nm, using dc or pulsed voltage. Magnetostatic interactions between wires are found to be important in determining magnetic properties and switching processes. Ni arrays switch by quasicoherent rotation when the magnetic field is applied near to the average wire axis, and by curling at large angles. The importance of curling processes increases with wire length, due to the larger demagnetizing field. The properties of Fe wires are dominated by magnetostatic interactions; these arrays switch by curling and no definite easy axis is observed in pulse-plated, amorphous wires.

Ye, T, Veitch, D, Iannaccone, G & Bhattacharyya, S 1970, 'Divide and conquer: PC-based packet trace replay at OC-48 speeds', Proceddings - First International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, Tridentcom 2005, IEEE, pp. 262-271.
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Today's Internet backbone networking devices need to be tested under realistic traffic conditions at transmission rates of OC-48 and above. While commercially available synthetic traffic generators are capable of keeping up with high transmission rates, they fail to produce realistic mixes of flow, packet and address arrival patterns. We explore the alternative of replaying real packet traces from high-speed links using multiple commodity PCs equipped with lower-speed network interfaces. Such an approach is inherently cost-effective because of the use of commodity hardware, and can scale up to any desired transmission rate. We first examine how to split a trace among multiple PCs for the purpose of replaying, and validate our technique using simulations. We use a wavelet 'spectrum' or energy plot for this purpose which enables traffic processes to be viewed simultaneously on many time-scales. Then we present an implementation using Linux PCs with gigabit Ethernet interfaces to replay OC-48 packet traces from the Sprint backbone. Our results show that the replayed trace is very similar to the original trace at most time scales. We are also able to pinpoint the specific system components that contributed to the replay inaccuracy, as well as identify several important challenges that remain to be explored in-depth.

Ying Yan, Jianguo Zhu, Haiwei Lu, Youguang Guo & Shuhong Wang 1970, 'A PMSM model incorporating structural and saturation saliencies', 2005 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Nanjing, China, pp. 194-199.
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Sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems have become very attractive due to their advantages, such as the reduction of hardware complexity and hence the reduced system cost and increased reliability. In order to accurately determine the rotor position required for correct electronic commutation, various methods have been proposed. Among them, the most versatile makes use of the structural and/or magnetic saturation saliencies of the PMSM. This paper presents a non-linear model for PMSMs with the saliencies. The phase inductances of a PMSM are measured and expressed by Fourier series at different rotor positions according to their patterns. The dynamic performance of the PMSM is simulated and compared with that based on a model without considering saliency to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Ying Yan, Jianguo Zhu, Haiwei Lu, Youguang Guo & Shuhong Wang 1970, 'Study of A PMSM Model Incorporating Structural and Saturation Saliencies', 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, IEEE, Kuala Lumper, Malaysia, pp. 575-580.
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Sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems have become more attractive due to their advantages, such as reduction of hardware complexity and hence the system cost and increment of system reliability. In order to correctly obtain the rotor position required for the appropriate control, various methods have been proposed. Among them, the most versatile method makes use of the structural and magnetic saturation saliencies of the PMSM. This paper presents a non-linear model of permanent magnet synchronous motors with the saliencies. The phase inductances of a PMSM motor are measured and expressed by Fourier series under different stator currents and rotor positions according to its pattern. The simulated dynamic performance is compared with that based on a model without considering saliency to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMSM model.

Yong Zhang, Shao, KR, Youguang Guo & Lavers, JD 1970, 'A boundary meshless method for transient Eddy current analysis', INTERMAG Asia 2005. Digests of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, 2005., INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE, p. 931.
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Yonguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Haiwei Lu 1970, 'Design of SMC motors using hybrid optimization techniques and 3D FEA with increasing accuracy', 2005 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Nanjing, China, pp. 2296-2301.
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This paper presents the design and analysis of a three-phase three-stack permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator core. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) of magnetic field is performed to accurately calculate key motor parameters and performance. Combined optimization techniques and 3D FEA with increasing accuracy are applied to effectively reduce the computational time. The designed motor has been fabricated and tested. The theoretical calculations are validated by the experimental results on the prototype.

Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y, Ochi, H, Itho, Y, Hataoka, N, Sai, B, Takayama, N & Hirata, M 1970, '300-Mbps OFDM transceiver for wireless communication with an 80-MHz bandwidth', 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE.
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YouGuang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu & Haiwei Lu 1970, 'Design and Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Claw Pole/Transverse Flux Motor with SMC Core', 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, 2005 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, IEEE, pp. 1413-1418.
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This paper presents the design and analysis of a claw pole/transverse flux motor (CPTFM) with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core and permanent magnet flux-concentrating rotor. Three-dimensional magnetic field finite element analysis is conducted to accurately calculate key motor parameters such as winding flux, back electromotive force, winding inductance, and core loss. Equivalent electric circuit is derived under optimum brushless DC control condition for motor performance prediction, and computer search techniques are applied for design optimization. All these computations and analyses have been implemented in a commercial software ANSYS for development of the SMC CPTFM prototype.

Yousef, B, Doan Hoang & Rogers, G 1970, 'Autonomic Resource Management for Extensible Control Planes', Sixth IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, Sixth IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, IEEE, Taormina - Giardini Naxos, Italy, pp. 522-526.
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A dynamically extensible control plane is a key enabling feature of next generation intelligent self-configuring networks. This extensibility can be achieved by enabling service deployment into the control plane of a network. These services consume unpre

Yousef, B, Doan Hoang, Thamsakom, P, Hanh Le & Chan, J 1970, 'Network support for distributed web services', INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 797-801.
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Web servers rely on edge network devices to perform a number of operations that directly affect the experience of clients and Web services. Distributing Web services across geographic locations owned and configured by third parties is becoming increasingly popular in dealing with high demands. Under the current distributed model, a uniform configuration across all sites is difficult to maintain, resulting in different clients and service experience, which are dependent on the local set-up. In this paper, we propose a model and architecture that enable the owner of a Web service to maintain uniform configuration across all hosting sites. The model enables the administrator of a Web service to write a single configuration script that is then executed on all edge devices at all hosting sites. This is enabled by deploying a new edge device architecture called Serviter. Serviter enables safe sharing of devices through strict partitioning and hardware abstraction thereby facilitating interoperability among vendors.

Yousef, B, Hoang, DB, Rogers, G & Society, IEEEC 1970, 'Partitioning and differentiated resource allocation in programmable networks', 10TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, IFIP, Cartagena, Spain, pp. 840-845.
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Programmable network architectures facilitate dynamically updatable functionality to enable selective and trusted third parties on-demand service deployment. Resource and security management of such architectures on shared infrastructure have proven as challenging tasks. This is due to the extent of functionality provided to users and the heterogenous nature of service resource requirements and resource availability. In this paper we present a new programmable network platform that enables safe sharing by providing each trusted user (e.g., an Internet Service Provider) with a secure, separate, and resource assured partition, representing a ‘virtual router’, to accommodate their services. To allocate router internal resources among these partitions and among competing services within a partition, this paper uses a new scalable and adaptive mechanism called Control plane-Quality of Service (C-QoS).

Zhang, H, Jia, W, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'Modified Color Ratio Gradient', 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 317-320.
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Color ratio gradient is an efficient method used for color image retrieval and object recognition, which is shown to be illumination-independent and geometry-insensitive when tested on scenery images. However, color ratio gradient produces unsatisfied matching result while dealing with relatively uniform objects without rich color texture. In addition, performance of color ratio gradient degenerates while processing unsaturated color image objects. In this paper, a scheme with modified color ratio gradient is presented, which addresses the two problems above. Experimental results using the proposed method in this paper exhibit more robust performance.

Zhang, H, Zhang, G & Wong, K-YK 1970, 'Auto-Calibration and Motion Recovery from Silhouettes for Turntable Sequences', Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2005, British Machine Vision Conference 2005, British Machine Vision Association.
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This paper addresses the problem of structure and motion from silhouettes for turntable sequences. Previous works have exploited corresponding points induced by epipolar tangencies to estimate the image invariants under turntable motion and recover the epipolar geometry. In these approaches, however, camera intrinsics are needed in order to obtain Euclidean motion and reconstruction. This paper proposes a novel approach to precisely estimate the image invariants and the rotation angles in the absence of the camera intrinsics, and to perform auto-calibration. By exploiting a special parameterization of the epipoles, it is shown that the imaged circular points can be formulated in terms of the image invariants. A fixed scalar k, introduced to account for the different scales in the homogeneous representations of the image invariants used in the parameterizations, is found crucial in both calibration and motion estimation. Given the image invariants, namely the horizon, the imaged rotation axis and its orthogonal vanishing point, this scalar can be determined from the epipoles in an image triplet. A robust method for estimating k is proposed and the rotation angles can be recovered using this estimated value of k. All the estimated variables are then refined using bundle-adjustment and auto-calibration is performed using the imaged circular points, the imaged rotation axis and the associated vanishing point. This allows the recovery of the full camera positions and orientations, and hence Euclidean reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate the simplicity of this novel approach and the high precision in the estimated motion and reconstruction.

Zhong, JJ, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG & Lin, ZW 1970, 'Improved measurement with 20 rotating fluxes considering effect of magnetization', INTERMAG ASIA 2005: Digests of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, p. 909.

Zhong, JJ, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG & Lin, ZW 1970, 'Improved measurement with 2D rotating fluxes considering effect of magnetization', INTERMAG Asia 2005. Digests of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, 2005., INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE.
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Abry, P, Goncalves, P, Flandrin, P, Veitch, D, Chainais, P, Lashermes, B, Hohn, N, Roux, S, Borgnat, P, Taqqu, M & others 2005, Navigating Scaling: Modelling and Analysing, DTIC Document.

Veitch, D 2005, Scaling in Computer Network Traffic, DTIC Document.