Publications

Yap, K-H, Guan, L, Perry, SW & Wong, HS 2009, Adaptive Image Processing A Computational Intelligence Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press.
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Emphasizing developments in state-of-the-art CI techniques, such as content-based image retrieval, this book continues to provide educators, students, researchers, engineers, and technical managers in visual information processing with the ...

Yu, K, Sharp, I & Guo, YJ 2009, Ground‐Based Wireless Positioning, Wiley.
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Ground Based Wireless Positioning provides an in-depth treatment of non-GPS based wireless positioning techniques, with a balance between theory and engineering practice. The book presents the architecture, design and testing of a variety of wireless positioning systems based on the time-of-arrival, signal strength, and angle-of-arrival measurements. These techniques are essential for developing accurate wireless positioning systems which can operate reliably in both indoor and outdoor environments where the Global Positioning System (GPS) proves to be inadequate. The book covers a wide range of issues including radio propagation, parameter identification, statistical signal processing, optimization, and localization in large and multi-hop networks. A comprehensive study on the state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies in wireless positioning and tracking is provided, including anchor-based and anchor-free localisation in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The authors address real world issues such as multipath, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, accuracy limitations and measurement errors. Presenting the latest advances in the field, Ground Based Wireless Positioning is one of the first books to cover non-GPS based technologies for wireless positioning. It serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and engineers specialising in the fields of localization and tracking, and wireless sensor networks. • Provides a comprehensive treatment of methodologies and algorithms for positioning and tracking • Includes practical issues and case studies in designing real wireless positioning systems • Explains non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation and NLOS mitigation techniques • Balances solid theory with engineering practice of non-GPS wireless systems. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 2009, 'Morphotronic System Applications' in Moreno-Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada-Arencibia Alexis, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2009, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas, Spain, pp. 905-912.
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This paper discusses a newly proposed Morphotronic System paradigm that can be used as a general computation model for construction of software. The Morphotronic System allows for a definition of very flexible software prototypes, in which a processing path can be interpreted as an extremum principle. This approach offers a significant improvement to traditional software practices. The system purpose is stated as a conceptual input to the computer system at a starting point of the computation process while the local machine state is completely ignored. The system context and its rules are generated as resources to allocate the computational components. The morphotronic system applies non-Euclidean geometry which allows to shape the context and to define the projection operators for an ideal network of forms.

Sinha, S, Chaczko, Z & Klempous, R 2009, 'SNIPER: A Wireless Sensor Network Simulator' in Moreno-Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada-Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2009, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas, Spain, pp. 913-920.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is fast becoming the holy grail of digital surveillance, data monitoring and analysis. Being relatively cheap, low-powered and easy to deploy WSNs is being adopted in a range of different fields. Currently, the focus is towards optimizing techniques used to form sensor clusters and to route data within a network. In order to satisfy these goals a significant amount of research is being done globally and what tends to be lacking at times is the right tools to make such research work less time consuming and inexpensive. The use of simulation tools is one such adaptation that can help researchers closely analyse a particular aspect of WSN while sticking with a known environment that is applicable to other scenarios in a similar way. This paper presents the performance and features of WSNSim, a WSN Simulator and the immediate advantages that can be experienced by researchers working on various realms in this area.

Tu, P, Huang, X & Dutkiewicz, E 2009, 'Adaptive Subband Selection in OFDM-BasedCognitive Radios' in Cognitive Radio Systems, InTech.
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Ye, Y, He, S, Li, J, Jia, W & Wu, Q 2009, 'Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology' in Wen, P, Li, Y, Polkowski, L, Yao, Y, Tsumoto, S & Wang, G (eds), Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, pp. 571-578.
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Spiral Architecture, a hexagonal image structure is a novel and powerful approach to machine vision system. The pixels on Spiral architecture are geometrically arranged using a 1D (Spiral) addressing scheme in an ascending order along a spiral-like curve. Spiral addition and Spiral multiplication are defined based on the Spiral addresses on Spiral Architecture. These two fundamental operations result in fast and easy translation, rotation and separation on images, and hence play very important roles for image processing on Spiral Architecture. Moreover, 2D coordinates according to rows and columns defined on Spiral Structure provide a good mapping to the ordinary 2D coordinates defined on the common square image structure. Therefore, how to convert the 1D Spiral addresses from and to the 2D coordinates on Spiral Architecture has become very important to apply the theory developed on a hexagonal image structure for image processing (e.g., rotation). In this paper, we perform a fast way to correctly locate any hexagonal pixel when its Spiral address is known, and compute the Spiral address of any hexagonal pixel when its location is known. As an illustration of the use of conversions, we demonstrate the accurate image translation and rotation using experimental results.

-, BM, -, ZC & -, MK 2009, 'Updating Electronic Health Records with Information from Sensor Systems: Considerations Relating To Standards and Architecture Arising From the Development of a Prototype System', Journal of Convergence Information Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 21-26.
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Several countries around the globe are moving towards national and international standards for Electronic Health Records (EHRs). One function of the standards is to guide the long-term convergence of local systems into integrated evolving national health information systems. The Australian commonwealth government is implementing a nationwide EHR system whereby every Australian will be able to upload data to his or her EHR. Thus Australians, if they wish, will eventually be able to upload data from on-body sensors and in-home monitoring systems to their EHRs. This article explores issues associated with the architecture of systems which allow medical records to be updated with information from monitoring/sensor systems. A prototype was developed to determine some of the key architectural considerations. A sensor simulator was implemented for testing purposes which allows a user of the simulator to impersonate a bed or group of in-home or on-body sensors connected with a person who is in a hospital, retirement home or private home. Findings are discussed relating to key architectural considerations including security, maintainability and modularity.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2009, 'Soft Glass Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fiber for Supercontinuum Generation', IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 21, no. 22, pp. 1722-1724.
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Baccelli, F, Kauffmann, B & Veitch, D 2009, 'Inverse problems in queueing theory and Internet probing', Queueing Systems, vol. 63, no. 1-4, pp. 59-107.
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Baccelli, F, Kauffmann, B & Veitch, D 2009, 'Towards multihop available bandwidth estimation', ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 83-84.
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We evaluate the algorithm proposed in [1], which estimates the residual bandwidth on each hop of an Internet path using a para-metric model which consists of a Kelly queueing network. The evaluation is driven by simulation based on real network traces over a two node path. Correction factors are proposed and evaluated to cope with deviations from model assumptions.

Baccelli, F, Machiraju, S, Veitch, D & Bolot, J 2009, 'The Role of PASTA in Network Measurement', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1340-1353.
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Broomhead, T, Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 2009, 'Counter availability and characteristics for feed-forward based synchronization', 2009 International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, pp. 29-34.
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Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2009, 'Radius measurements of optically trapped aerosols through Brownian motion', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 063022-063022.
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Butler, JR, Wills, JB, Mitchem, L, Burnham, DR, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2009, 'Spectroscopic characterisation and manipulation of arrays of sub-picolitre aerosol droplets', Lab Chip, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 521-528.
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Chan, KY, Chan, KW, Pong, GTY, Aydin, ME, Fogarty, TC & Ling, SH 2009, 'A statistics-based genetic algorithm for quality improvements of power supplies', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 468-492.
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This paper presents a new statistics-based evolutionary algorithm to improve the qualities of power supplies, in which operational costs and the stability of the power supply are optimised to provide a highly smooth but low-cost power supply service to customers. The proposed method is incorporated with the characteristics of the stochastic method, evolutionary algorithm and a more systematical statistical method, orthogonal design. It intends to compensate for the built-in randomness of the stochastic method and, at the same time, overcome the limitations of local search methods that are not suitable for handling multi-optima problems. Case studies on the WSCC 9-bus and New England 39-bus systems indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing method in terms of robustness in solution and convergence speed while the solution quality that can offer a more stable and cheaper power supply to customers is achieved. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers.

Chen, Y, Zhang, JA & Jayalath, ADS 2009, 'Low-Complexity Estimation of CFO and Frequency Independent I/Q Mismatch for OFDM Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009, no. 1.
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Cheng, TM, Savkin, AV, Celler, BG, Su, SW & Wang, N 2009, 'Universal algorithm for exercise rate estimation in walking, cycling and rowing using triaxial accelerometry', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 394-U19.
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A technique that can reliably monitor exercise intensity plays an important role for the effectiveness and safety of an exercise prescription. A universal algorithm for the recursive estimation of exercise rate during a variety of aerobic exercises using measurements from a body-mounted triaxial accelerometer (TA) is proposed. Information about the type of exercise is not required by the algorithm and the TA can be mounted at the same location regardless of the exercise type. The algorithm involves period detection and data fusion. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is effective for common aerobic exercises.

Cordero, ML, Rolfsnes, HO, Burnham, DR, Campbell, PA, McGloin, D & Baroud, CN 2009, 'Mixing via thermocapillary generation of flow patterns inside a microfluidic drop', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 075033-075033.
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Davis, SJ, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 2009, 'Using Social Networking and Collections to Enable Video Semantics Acquisition', IEEE MULTIMEDIA, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 52-60.
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Dorrell, DG, Hsieh, M-F & Guo, Y 2009, 'Unbalanced Magnet Pull in Large Brushless Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motors With Rotor Eccentricity', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4586-4589.
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Permanent magnet motors are now the focus of application in larger drive and generator systems. They often utilize rare-earth magnets where attractive forces are large and unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) will be generated even when unexcited. In this paper, a 4-pole machine design is utilized which has either surface magnets or consequent poles. Dynamic eccentricity up to 80% is put into the machine model and a variety of simulations carried out to investigate the UMP. It is found that with strong and thick magnets the machine is robust and the UMP is almost load independent. The consequent pole rotor arrangement produces much higher UMP when the dynamic eccentricity aligns with the steel poles. In the simulations, the different stress components are investigated to assess the validity of a commonly held approximation where the radial force is taken to be a function of the square of the radial air-gap flux.

Du, C, Yang, J, Wu, Q & Zhang, T 2009, 'Face recognition using message passing based clustering method', Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 608-613.
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Traditional subspace analysis methods are inefficient and tend to be affected by noise as they compare the test image to all training images, especifically when there are large numbers of training images. To solve such problem, we propose a fast face recognition (FR) technique called APLDA by combining a novel clustering method affinity propagation (AP) with linear discriminant analysis (LDA). By using AP on the reduced features derived from LDA, a representative face image for each subject can be reached. Thus, our APLDA uses only the representative images rather than all training images for identification. Obviously, APLDA is much more computationally efficient than Fisherface. Also, unlike Fisherface who uses pattern classifier for identification, APLDA performs the identification using AP once again to cluster the test image into one of the representative images. Experimental results also indicate that APLDA outperforms Fisherface in terms of recognition rate. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.

Eslava, S, Kirschhock, CEA, Aldea, S, Baklanov, MR, Iacopi, F, Maex, K & Martens, JA 2009, 'Characterization of spin-on zeolite films prepared from Silicalite-1 nanoparticle suspensions', MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, vol. 118, no. 1-3, pp. 458-466.
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Guillon, M, Miles, REH, Reid, JP & McGloin, D 2009, 'Thermo-optical resonance locking of an optically trapped salt-water microdroplet', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 103041-103041.
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Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 2009, 'Automatic Temporal Segment Detection and Affect Recognition From Face and Body Display', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 64-84.
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Psychologists have long explored mechanisms with which humans recognize other humans' affective states from modalities, such as voice and face display. This exploration has led to the identification of the main mechanisms, including the important role played in the recognition process by the modalities' dynamics. Constrained by the human physiology, the temporal evolution of a modality appears to be well approximated by a sequence of temporal segments called onset, apex, and offset. Stemming from these findings, computer scientists, over the past 15 years, have proposed various methodologies to automate the recognition process. We note, however, two main limitations to date. The first is that much of the past research has focused on affect recognition from single modalities. The second is that even the few multimodal systems have not paid sufficient attention to the modalities' dynamics: The automatic determination of their temporal segments, their synchronization to the purpose of modality fusion, and their role in affect recognition are yet to be adequately explored. To address this issue, this paper focuses on affective face and body display, proposes a method to automatically detect their temporal segments or phases, explores whether the detection of the temporal phases can effectively support recognition of affective states, and recognizes affective states based on phase synchronization/alignment. The experimental results obtained show the following: 1) affective face and body displays are simultaneous but not strictly synchronous; 2) explicit detection of the temporal phases can improve the accuracy of affect recognition; 3) recognition from fused face and body modalities performs better than that from the face or the body modality alone; and 4) synchronized feature-level fusion achieves better performance than decision-level fusion.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Dorrell, DG 2009, 'Design and Analysis of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor With Molded Soft Magnetic Composite Core', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4582-4585.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials and SMC electromagnetic devices have undergone substantial development in the past decade. Much work has been conducted on designing and prototyping various types of electrical machine. However, the iron cores were often made by cutting existing SMC preforms that were formed by compacting SMC powder in simple cylinder or bar-shape molds, and the magnetic properties of the cores may deteriorate significantly during the cutting process. To investigate 'industry production-ready' products, this paper presents the design and analysis of a claw-pole permanent magnet (PM) motor with a molded SMC core of low mass density to replace the existing induction motor in a dishwasher pump. The magnetic properties of the molded SMC core are measured and utilized in the motor design and analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) of magnetic field is carried out to accurately determine key motor parameters, and an improved phase variable model is applied to predict the motor performance. Both parameter computation and performance prediction are validated by the experimental results on the prototype. © 2009 IEEE.

Guo, YJ, Liu, D & Bird, NC 2009, 'Guest Editorial for the Special Issue on Antennas and Propagation Aspects of 60–90 GHz Wireless Communications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2817-2819.
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Ha Hoang Kha, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, TQ 2009, 'Efficient Design of Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks via Convex Optimization', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 966-976.
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This paper presents efficient approaches for designing cosine-modulated filter banks with linear phase prototype filter. First, we show that the design problem of the prototype filter being a spectral factor of 2 Mth-band filter is a nonconvex optimizati

Ha, PN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2009, 'Dynamic Performance of a Current-Phase Control Method for Zone-Control Induction Heating Systems', IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 129, no. 7, pp. 691-697.
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Hakim, A, Hossain, J & Khan, KA 2009, 'Temperature effect on the electrical properties of undoped NiO thin films', Renewable Energy, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2625-2629.
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Hoang, NT, Tuan, HD, Nguyen, TQ & Hoang, HG 2009, 'Optimized Analog Filter Designs With Flat Responses by Semidefinite Programming', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 944-955.
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Analog filters constitute indispensable components of analog circuits. Inspired by recent advances in digital filter design, this paper provides a flexible design for analog filters. All-pole filters have maximally flat passband, so our design minimizes

Hohn, N, Papagiannaki, K & Veitch, D 2009, 'Capturing Router Congestion and Delay', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 789-802.
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Hung Gia Hoang, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, TQ 2009, 'Frequency-Selective KYP Lemma, IIR Filter, and Filter Bank Design', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 956-965.
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For a transfer function F(e(3 omega)) of order n, Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma characterizes a general intractable semi-infinite programming (SIP) condition by a tractable semidefinite programming (SDP) for the entire frequency range. Some recent

Husain, SI, Yuan, J, Zhang, J & Martin, RK 2009, 'Time Domain Equalizer Design Using Bit Error Rate Minimization for UWB Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009, no. 1, pp. 9-9.
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Jian Zhang, Smith, DB, Hanlen, LW, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2009, 'Stability of Narrowband Dynamic Body Area Channel', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 53-56.
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Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA, Agrawal, A, Tanvir, HM & Grattan, KTV 2009, 'Metal-Coated Defect-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Propagation', Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1631-1637.
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Le, H, Schiff, N, Plessis, JD & Hoang, DB 2009, 'A pervasive tele-health system for continual and low intrusive monitoring using peer-to-peer networks', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 330-330.
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There are many people suffering from chronic illnesses, obesity and related diseases such as: high blood pressure, arrhythmia, diabetes, etc. However, with a large number of patients and constant health monitoring requirements, a centralised server will not be able to accommodate such high volumes of data. In this paper, the authors propose to develop a pervasive electronic healthcare system using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The authors developed a heart monitoring application as their first prototype to demonstrate the concept. The main advantage of the model is scalability and cost efficiency. Copyright © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 2009, '5.4-MHz single-crystal silicon wine glass mode disk resonator with quality factor of 2 million', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 156, no. 1, pp. 28-35.
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Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 2009, 'Parasitic feedthrough cancellation techniques for enhanced electrical characterization of electrostatic microresonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 156, no. 1, pp. 36-42.
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Lee, JE-Y, Yan, J & Seshia, AA 2009, 'Low loss HF band SOI wine glass bulk mode capacitive square-plate resonator', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 074003-074003.
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Lei, G, Li, YB, Shao, KR, Yang, GY & Zhao, J 2009, 'Sequential Kriging optimization method for superconducting magnetic energy storage', Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, vol. 29, no. 18, pp. 119-124.
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Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is a research hotspot in the application field of superconducting materials. Using the property of low loss and fast response of superconducting magnet, SMES is employed as a multifunctional electromagnetic system to store and release the power for power system with the connection of power electronic converters. SMES has capacity to reach the objects, such as storing large amount of energy with very low loss, improving the power supply quality and enhancing the stability and reliability of power system. IEEE TEAM Workshop Problem 22 deals with the optimization design of SMES, which is a benchmark problem including low and high dimensional, discrete and continuous optimization cases. To address this problem, sequential optimization method (SOM) and Kriging model are fully discussed. It can be seen that SOM can obtain satisfactory solutions, and the overall computational effort needed is much less than that by direct optimization method. For the 3 parameters problem, the number of finite element sample points is less than 1/10 compared with that of direct method; and for the 8 parameters problem, that number is about 1/3 compared with that of direct method. So the proposed method can be widely employed in the optimization design problem of electromagnetic devices.

Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Improved Sequential Optimization Method for High Dimensional Electromagnetic Device Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3993-3996.
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Improved sequential optimization method (SOM) and dimension reduction optimization method (DROM) are presented for high dimensional optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. Improved SOM can simultaneously optimize the statistical approximate models and optimization algorithms more efficiently compared with SOM. Using DROM, a high dimensional problem can be converted into a low dimensional problem with expert experience or some design of experiment techniques. Then two TEAM benchmark problems (Problem 22 and Problem 25) are investigated to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. From the experimental results, we can see that the presented methods can obviously reduce the computational cost of finite element analysis, while the optimal results also satisfy design specification.

Lei, G, Shao, KR, Li, YB, Yang, GY, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Bayesian Inversion Method and its Information Determination for the Estimation of Particle Size Distribution in Ferrofluids', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3981-3984.
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Using Gaussian numerical integration formula, the problem of estimating the particle size distribution (PSD) in ferrofluids can be converted into an electromagnetic inverse problem. Then we present two Bayesian analytical estimators, minimum mean-square error estimator and maximum a posteriori estimator, to reconstruct the PSD of magnetic particles. In the implementation, weighted minimum norm approach, maximum likelihood estimator, and weighted least square estimator are employed to determine prior information for the unknown parameter. We also present two methods to provide the noise information for the error term. Finally, using Monte Carlo method, we give a ferrofluid example to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC & Barin, E 2009, 'Feasibility study of a non invasive cardiac rhythm management system', International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 5-14.
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Lezana, P, Aguilera, R & Quevedo, DE 2009, 'Model Predictive Control of an Asymmetric Flying Capacitor Converter', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1839-1846.
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Lezana, P, Aguilera, R & Rodriguez, J 2009, 'Fault Detection on Multicell Converter Based on Output Voltage Frequency Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2275-2283.
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Li, Q, Xu, C, Liang, W, Zhong, S, Zheng, X & Zhu, J 2009, 'Residue incorporation and N fertilization affect the response of soil nematodes to the elevated CO2 in a Chinese wheat field', Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1497-1503.
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The interplay between the carbon and other nutrient cycles is the key to understand the responses of soil ecosystems to climatic change. Using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) techniques, we carried out a multifactorial experiment in a Chinese rice-wheat rotation system, to investigate the response of soil nematodes to elevated CO2 under different application rates of N fertilizer (225.0 kg N ha-1 (HN) and 112.5 kg N ha-1(LN), respectively) and residue incorporation (0 kg C ha-1 (ZR), 1000 kg C ha-1 (MR) and 2000 kg C ha-1 (HR), respectively). This study was conducted during the wheat growing season of 2007 after expose to the elevated CO2 for three years. The results in our study indicated that seasonality is an important factor in determining changes in the nematode abundance and diversity. The residue addition effects were more obvious than the elevated CO2, which significantly influenced the abundance of total nematodes and plant-parasites, and some ecological indices. The interactions between residue addition and CO2 significantly influenced nematode dominance and structure indices. High level of N fertilization was found to decrease the nematode diversity, generic richness and maturity indices at wheat jointing stage. There are significant interactions between N fertilization and elevated CO2 for abundance of total nematodes and different trophic groups. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Li, Y, Guo, Y, Lei, G & Shao, K 2009, 'Sequential inference method of electromagnetic optimization in engineering', Huazhong Keji Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 25-28.
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Sequential inference method was presented for engineering electromagnetic optimization by the combination of statistical approximate models with sequential sampling method. In the implementation, approximate models include radial basis model and compactly supported radial basis model; sequential sampling and optimization process is composed of coarse optimization process and fine optimization process. Compared with traditional direct optimization method, the optimization models constructed by the sequential sampling method only need a small sample data, and the overall computational effort needed is much less than that by direct optimization method. Meanwhile, sequential method can provide prior information for the optimization algorithm. Finally, to illustrate the performance of the new method, Monte Carlo simulation experiment and the IEEE TEAM Workshop Problem 22 are investigated. Analysis demonstrates that the computation cost of the new methods is less than 1/10 of direct optimization algorithm. The optimization results are also satisfied the design objectives.

Li, Y, Shao, K, Lei, G & Zhang, A 2009, 'Analysis and simulation of comb-drive electrostatic-structure coupled field', Huazhong Keji Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 96-99.
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A 2D finite element model using reduced order modeling principles for lateral electrostatic comb-drive actuator was proposed, and its coupled field was analyzed. This technique could reduce the comb-drive to a group of equivalent lumped parameters finite elements, which capture the input and output device behavior and its static and dynamic characteristics. The complexity of reduced order model was reduced to a great extent and computing time is decreased. The problem of the strongly coupled field is effectively solved by reduced order modeling. The relation between structure parameters and the electrostatic force and the displacement was discussed. Simulation results were validated using a finite element method, which is not reduced, both methods give very similar results, the maximum displacement error is less than 5%.

Liu, RP, Rosberg, Z, Collings, IB, Wilson, C, Dong, AY & Jha, S 2009, 'Energy Efficient Reliable Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Asymmetric Links.', Int. J. Wirel. Inf. Networks, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 131-141.
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Field measurements reveal that radio link asymmetry has a severe impact on reliable data delivery. We analyze the energy efficiencies of selected reliability schemes for asymmetric radio links using theoretical models. The analysis provides guidelines for retransmission control so as to balance between reliability and energy consumption. We also design two enhancements to the "implicit" ARQ scheme addressing the negative effects of asymmetric radio links. The energy efficiencies of these algorithms are explicitly derived using our theoretical model and validated by simulations and field trials. Based on the analysis of the two enhanced algorithms, we propose an improvement, referred to as Energy Efficient Reliable Data Collection (EERDC) that controls the retransmissions of the enhanced ARQ schemes. Simulations and field trials confirm our theoretical findings and demonstrate that our proposed EERDC algorithm alleviates the impact of link asymmetry and achieves energy savings. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 2009, 'Photovoltaic-Battery-Powered DC Bus System for Common Portable Electronic Devices', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 849-855.
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Lu, DD-C, Iu, HH-C & Pjevalica, V 2009, 'Single-Stage AC/DC Boost–Forward Converter With High Power Factor and Regulated Bus and Output Voltages', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2128-2132.
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Lu, H, Zhu, J, Lin, Z & Guo, Y 2009, 'An inchworm mobile robot using electromagnetic linear actuator', Mechatronics, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1116-1125.
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The capability of motion is one of the important aspects for a micro-robot to fulfill its given tasks. Micro-autonomous systems usually require large force, large displacement and less power consumption. Among different actuation schemes, electromagnetic actuator shows the benefit in a combination of force, displacement and cost effective control. A bristle-based inchworm mobile robot using a short stroke electromagnetic linear actuator is described in the paper. The main body and movable unit of the robot are joined by using a sealed bellows and the bristle legs are designed so that it can operate both on plane surfaces and in liquid. The actuator designed for the robot is a tubular type linear machine with an overall size of ?7 × 10 mm. The key dimensions of the actuator were determined through magnetic field analysis to achieve optimum force output and necessary travel stroke within the limited space. The predicted actuation force of the actuator is 20 mN and the stroke length is 1.2 mm. Two working prototypes of the actuator were constructed and the performance tests show the effectiveness of the design. A sensorless control scheme with a novel start-up strategy for the designed actuator was developed based on the robotic system modeling and the analyzed results show the satisfactory performance of the system.

LU, S, ZHANG, J & FENG, DD 2009, 'DETECTING GHOST AND LEFT OBJECTS IN SURVEILLANCE VIDEO', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 07, pp. 1503-1525.
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This paper proposes an efficient method for detecting ghost and left objects in surveillance video, which, if not identified, may lead to errors or wasted computational power in background modeling and object tracking in video surveillance systems. This method contains two main steps: the first one is to detect stationary objects, which narrows down the evaluation targets to a very small number of regions in the input image; the second step is to discriminate the candidates between ghost and left objects. For the first step, we introduce a novel stationary object detection method based on continuous object tracking and shape matching. For the second step, we propose a fast and robust inpainting method to differentiate between ghost and left objects by reconstructing the real background using the candidate's corresponding regions in the current input and background image. The effectiveness of our method has been validated by experiments over a variety of video sequences and comparisons with existing state-of-art methods.

Luo, L, Zhang, JA & Shi, Z 2009, 'Advanced Receiver Design for Quadrature OFDMA Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009, no. 1, pp. 10-10.
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Meresman, H, Wills, JB, Summers, M, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2009, 'Manipulation and characterisation of accumulation and coarse mode aerosol particles using a Bessel beam trap', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 11, no. 47, pp. 11333-11333.
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Miles, REH, Guillon, M, Mitchem, L, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2009, 'The influence of resonant absorption and heating on the equilibrium size of aqueous-solute aerosol droplets', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 11, no. 33, pp. 7312-7312.
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Nguyen, DHN, Nguyen, HH & Hoang Duong Tuan 2009, 'Power Allocation and Error Performance of Distributed Unitary Space–Time Modulation in Wireless Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3333-3346.
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A wireless relay network allows relays to cooperate with each other, emulate a virtual array of transmit antennas, and perform distributed space-time modulation of the source signals. In this paper, two types of relay networks are considered-one with no

Nguyen, HT & Su, SW 2009, 'Conditions for triangular decoupling control', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1575-1581.
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The main purpose of this article is to explore the relationship of two existing conditions for the triangular decoupling problem. The first one is the triangular-diagonal-dominance condition proposed by Hung and Anderson. The second one is the stable coprime factorisation-described condition proposed by Gomez and Goodwin, which has been proven as a necessary and sufficient condition for the triangular decoupling problem. This article proves that the two conditions are actually equivalent. It also provides easy-to-use criteria for assessment of the solvability of the triangular decoupling problem.

Pasha, SA, Vo, B-N, Tuan, HD & Ma, W-K 2009, 'A Gaussian Mixture PHD Filter for Jump Markov System Models', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 919-936.
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The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is an attractive approach to tracking an unknown and time-varying number of targets in the presence of data association uncertainty, clutter, noise, and detection uncertainty. The PHD filter admits a closed-form solution for a linear Gaussian multi-target model. However, this model is not general enough to accommodate maneuvering targets that switch between several models. In this paper, we generalize the notion of linear jump Markov systems to the multiple target case to accommodate births, deaths, and switching dynamics. We then derive a closed-form solution to the PHD recursion for the proposed linear Gaussian jump Markov multi-target model. Based on this an efficient method for tracking multiple maneuvering targets that switch between a set of linear Gaussian models is developed. An analytic implementation of the PHD filter using statistical linear regression technique is also proposed for targets that switch between a set of nonlinear models. We demonstrate through simulations that the proposed PHD filters are effective in tracking multiple maneuvering targets.

Pathak, N, Nanda, P & Mahanti, GK 2009, 'Synthesis of Thinned Multiple Concentric Circular Ring Array Antennas using Particle Swarm Optimization', Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 709-716.
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In this paper, we propose an optimization method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for thinning a large multiple concentric circular ring array of uniformly excited isotropic antennas and generate a pencil beam in the vertical plane with minimum relative side lobe level (SLL). The half-power beam width of the pattern is attempted to make equal to that of a fully populated array of same size and shape. The synthesis is performed with a standard particle swarm optimization technique as well as with an improved version of standard PSO. Simulation results of the proposed thinned array are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Pota, HR, Athanasius, GX, Li, L & Ugrinovskii, VA 2009, 'Robust Decentralized Control of Power Systems with OLTCs using Markov Jump Parameter Theory', Journal of CPRI, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 202-224.

PRADABPET, C, YOSHIZAWA, S, MIYANAGA, Y & DEJHAN, K 2009, 'New PAPR Reduction in an OFDM System Using Hybrid of PTS-CAPPR Methods with GA Coded Side Information Technique', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E92-A, no. 11, pp. 2830-2836.
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Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 2009, 'NEW PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SYSTEMS BY HYBRID ALGORITHM OF PTS AND APPR METHODS', International Journal of Computers and Applications, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 119-127.
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In this paper, we propose a new peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique by a hybrid algorithm based on a partial transmit sequence (PTS) and adaptive peak power reduction (APPR) methods. This technique is used in a system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM OFDM has orthogonally modulated sub-carriers which unexpectedly give large PAPR and tends to reduce the power efficiency of a RF amplifier. To reduce PAPR, the sequence of input data is rearranged by PTS for the reduction of PAPR and then fed to APPR process in the proposed system. The APPR method controls the peak level of the modulation signal by an adaptive algorithm. It reduces modulation signals over a predefined range. A proposed reduction method consists of these two methods and realizes both advantages at the same time. In simulation results, the proposed method shows the improvement on PAPR, PSD, and also the high performance on bit error rate of an OFDM system.

Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 2009, 'New Papr Reductionin Ofdm Systems By Hybrid Algorithm of Ptsand Appr Methods', International Journal of Computers and Applications, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 119-127.
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Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Agrawal, A, Wongcharoen, T & Grattan, KTV 2009, 'Mode degeneration in bent photonic crystal fiber study by using the finite element method', Applied Optics, vol. 48, no. 31, pp. G131-G131.
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Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 2009, 'Ten Microseconds Over LAN, for Free (Extended)', IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1841-1848.
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Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Lerch, MLF, Petasecca, M, Pignatel, GU, Reinhard, M, Dalla Betta, G-F, Zorzi, N & Rosenfeld, AB 2009, 'Evaluation of Silicon Detectors With Integrated JFET for Biomedical Applications', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1051-1055.
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This paper presents initial results from electrical, spectroscopic and ion beam induced charge (IBIC) characterisation of a novel silicon PIN detector, featuring an on-chip n -channel JFET and matched feedback capacitor integrated on its p-side (frontside). This structure reduces electronic noise by minimising stray capacitance and enables highly efficient optical coupling between the detector back-side and scintillator, providing a fill factor of close to 100%. The detector is specifically designed for use in high resolution gamma cameras, where a pixellated scintillator crystal is directly coupled to an array of silicon photodetectors. The on-chip JFET is matched with the photodiode capacitance and forms the input stage of an external charge sensitive preamplifier (CSA). The integrated monolithic feedback capacitor eliminates the need for an external feedback capacitor in the external electronic readout circuit, improving the system performance by eliminating uncontrolled parasitic capacitances. An optimised noise figure of 152 electrons RMS was obtained with a shaping time of 2 mus and a total detector capacitance of 2 pF. The energy resolution obtained at room temperature (2degC) at 27 keV (direct interaction of I-125 gamma rays) was 5.09%, measured at full width at half maximum (FWHM). The effectiveness of the guard ring in minimising the detector leakage current and its influence on the total charge collection volume is clearly demonstrated by the IBIC images.

SHANG, F, ABOLHASAN, M & WYSOCKI, T 2009, 'AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT ADAPTIVE CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS', International Journal of Information Acquisition, vol. 06, no. 02, pp. 117-126.
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In this paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station (via clusterheads). This paper focuses on reducing the power consumption of wireless sensor networks. We first extend LEACH's stochastic clusterhead selection algorithm by an average energy-based (LEACH-AE) deterministic component to reduce energy consumption. And then an unequal clustering idea is introduced to further reduce energy consumption of clusterheads. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network life by up to 38% before the first node dies in the network. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the existing clustering algorithms such as LEACH, DCHS, LEACH-C.

Shang, FJ, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2009, 'Distributed energy efficient unequal clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks', Tongxin Xuebao/Journal on Communications, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 34-43.
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A distributed energy-efficient unequal clustering (DEEUC) algorithm was proposed for wireless sensor networks by research current routing algorithms. The core of DEEUC has three parts. Firstly, when tentative clusterheads are selected, an average energy factor was introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network nodes so that it may improve the network energy efficiency. Secondly, an energy consumption ratio function was proposed to balance energy-efficient of each node. Finally, an unequal clustering algorithm was proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that DEEUC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against the other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, DEEUC may prolong the lifetime up to 30% against EECS.

Sharp, I, Kegen Yu & Guo, YJ 2009, 'GDOP Analysis for Positioning System Design', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3371-3382.
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Geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) has been widely used as an accuracy metric for navigation and tracking systems. Since high accuracy in a positioning system requires both accurate measurement of the range and a good geometric relationship between the mobile device and the measuring points, the analysis of GDOP is an essential feature in determining the performance of a positioning system. In this paper, we perform GDOP analysis to obtain concise analytical expressions for a number of scenarios, which are generally applicable to geometries where the mobile device is surrounded by base stations. Comparison of the analytical results with simulations using the typical geometries of indoor positioning systems shows good agreement, except when the mobile position is close to a base station. This effect is a consequence of the ranging errors being a significant proportion of the range in short-range tracking systems and discontinuities in GDOP at the base station. The results provide useful information for the design and testing of tracking systems, as well as for the determination of the geometric deployment of base stations for good GDOP in the coverage area. © 2009 IEEE.

Sharp, I, Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Peak and leading edge detection for time-of-arrival estimation in band-limited positioning systems', IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1616-1616.
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The performance of the peak and leading edge detection methods for time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation in band-limited systems is examined. Analytical expressions for the detection performance in the presence of both random noise and multipath interference are derived. A dimensionless performance factor is presented that allows simple comparisons of the TOA estimation algorithms. These equations allow the performance tradeoff analysis to be undertaken without the need for simulations. It is shown that the leading edge detection method has significantly better multipath mitigation characteristics than the peak detection one, but at the expense of inferior noise performance. © 2009, The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Shen, C, Paisitkriangkrai, S & Zhang, J 2009, 'Efficiently Learning a Detection Cascade with Sparse Eigenvectors', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 22-35.
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In this work, we first show that feature selection methods other thanboosting can also be used for training an efficient object detector. Inparticular, we introduce Greedy Sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis (GSLDA)\cite{Moghaddam2007Fast} for its conceptual simplicity and computationalefficiency; and slightly better detection performance is achieved compared with\cite{Viola2004Robust}. Moreover, we propose a new technique, termed BoostedGreedy Sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis (BGSLDA), to efficiently train adetection cascade. BGSLDA exploits the sample re-weighting property of boostingand the class-separability criterion of GSLDA.

Shuhong Wang, Xiangjun Meng, Ningning Guo, Haibo Li, Jie Qiu, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Dikai Liu, Yi Wang & Wei Xu 2009, 'Multilevel Optimization for Surface Mounted PM Machine Incorporating With FEM', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4700-4703.
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In this paper, Multilevel Genetic Algorithm (MLGA) is presented to solve the optimization of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM), which has features of mixed continuous and discrete design variables, multi-modal objective functions, etc. Firstly, the multilevel optimization problem is described by using the problem matrix. The values in the problem matrix are deduced by correlation analysis. Secondly, the architecture and implementation of MLGA are carried out. Thirdly, the new algorithm is applied to a bilevel optimization of SPMSM to verify this multilevel optimization. The results compared with those of traditional genetic algorithm (GA) and discussions of the multilevel optimization are presented. © 2009 IEEE.

Smith, DB, Zhang, JA, Hanlen, LW, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2009, 'Temporal correlation of dynamic on-body area radio channel', Electronics Letters, vol. 45, no. 24, pp. 1212-1212.
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Su, SW, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV, Nguyen, HT, Cheng, TM, Guo, Y & Wang, L 2009, 'Transient and steady state estimation of human oxygen uptake based on noninvasive portable sensor measurements', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1111-1117.
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The main motivation of this study is to establish an ambulatory cardio-respiratory analysis system for the monitoring and evaluation of exercise and regular daily physical activity. We explored the estimation of oxygen uptake by using noninvasive portable sensors. These sensors are easy to use but may suffer from malfunctions under free living environments. A promising solution is to combine sensors with different measuring mechanisms to improve both reliability and accuracy of the estimation results. For this purpose, we selected a wireless heart rate sensor and a tri-axial accelerometer to form a complementary sensor platform. We analyzed the relationship between oxygen uptake measured by gas analysis and data collected from the simple portable sensors using multivariable nonlinear modeling approaches. It was observed that the resulting nonlinear multivariable model could not only achieve a better estimate compared with single input single output models, but also had greater potential to improve reliability.

Tang, X, Ma, M, Ostry, D, Jiao, B & Guo, Y 2009, 'Characterizing impulsive network traffic using truncated α-stable processes', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 980-982.
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It has been recently recognized that aggregated traffic in a variety of networks exhibits a similar impulsiveness over a wide range of aggregation levels, but approaches a Gaussian distribution in the limit as the aggregation level grows. Although several traffic models have been proposed in the past decade, their accuracy in simultaneously characterizing the above properties still needs to be further improved. In this letter, we propose a truncated α-stable process model which is able to capture the impulsiveness of observed network traffic as well as its tendency toward the Gaussian distribution with aggregation. An inherent physical mechanism is also proposed to give insight into the underlying meaning of the proposed model. Simulation results show that the proposed process achieves close agreement with real traffic and outperforms previous models. © 2006 IEEE.

Tran, NN, Pham, DH, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, HH 2009, 'Orthogonal Affine Precoding and Decoding for Channel Estimation and Source Detection in MIMO Frequency-Selective Fading Channels', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1151-1162.
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A new affine precoding and decoding method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-selective fading channels is proposed. The optimal design of the affine precoder consists of a linear precoder and a training sequence, which is superimposed o

Veitch, D 2009, 'Scale Invariance in Computer Network Traffic', Scaling, Fractals and Wavelets, pp. 413-436.
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Veitch, D, Ridoux, J & Korada, SB 2009, 'Robust Synchronization of Absolute and Difference Clocks Over Networks', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 417-430.
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Wang, L, Dimitrijev, S, Han, J, Iacopi, F & Zou, J 2009, 'Transition between amorphous and crystalline phases of SiC deposited on Si substrate using H3SiCH3', Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 311, no. 19, pp. 4442-4446.
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Wang, L, Su, SW, Celler, BG, Chan, GSH, Cheng, TM & Savkin, AV 2009, 'Assessing the human cardiovascular response to moderate exercise: feature extraction by support vector regression', PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 227-244.
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This study aims to quantitatively describe the steady-state relationships among percentage changes in key central cardiovascular variables (i.e. stroke volume, heart rate (HR), total peripheral resistance and cardiac output), measured using non-invasive means, in response to moderate exercise, and the oxygen uptake rate, using a new nonlinear regression approachâsupport vector regression.

WANG, L, WU, Q, LI, M, GONZÀLEZ, J & GENG, XIN 2009, 'EDITORIAL', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 07, pp. 1221-1222.
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Wang, L, Wu, Q, Wang, H, Geng, X & Li, M 2009, 'Image/video-based pattern analysis and HCI applications', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1047-1047.
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Yan, M, Shao, K, Lei, G & Hu, X 2009, 'Absorption of electromagnetic wave by inhomogeneous, unmagnetized plasma', Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 210-213.
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In this article, a novel and normalized Z-transform finite-difference time-domain (ZTFDTD) method is presented. This method uses a more general form of Maxwell's equations using the E, H, D fields. The iterative model of D-E-H-D can be obtained by using the Z-transform resulted frequency-dependent formula between D and E. The advantages of the ZTFDTD consist in that the discrete equations are simple, the results are precise, easy to program and capable of dealing with the key technologies of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), such as absorbing boundary conditions (uniaxial anisotropic perfectly matched layer, UPML) and near-to-far-field transformation. The ZTFDTD method is then used to simulate the interaction of electromagnetic wave with plasma. Using a simplified two-dimensional model, the stealth effect of inhomogeneous, unmagnetized plasma is studied both in different electron densities of plasma, different electromagnetic wave frequencies and different plasma collision frequencies. The numerical results indicate that plasma stealth is effective in theory and a reasonable selection with the plasma parameters that can greatly enhance the effectiveness of plasma stealth. © 2009 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH.

Yang, G, Zhang, Y, Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'A Novel Superposition RBF Collocation Method to Solve Moving Conductor Eddy Current Problems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3977-3980.
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This paper presents a novel radial basis function (RBF) collocation method to solve the moving conductor eddy current problem. The magnetic field is considered an addition of two fields generated respectively by the excitation current and the eddy current according to the source superposition principle. The corresponding governing equations are decoupled and solved with the RBF. Moving coordinate systems in which the separate fields are computed are also constructed to avoid the model reconfiguration caused by the motion. Electromagnetic field equations are analyzed with kinetic equations and circuit equations together to simulate the motion process. A practical engineering problem is computed to verify the method.

Yao, AM, Keen, SAJ, Burnham, DR, Leach, J, Leonardo, RD, McGloin, D & Padgett, MJ 2009, 'Underdamped modes in a hydrodynamically coupled microparticle system', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 053007-053007.
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Yi Wang, Jianguo Zhu, Shuhong Wang, Youguang Guo & Wei Xu 2009, 'Nonlinear Magnetic Model of Surface Mounted PM Machines Incorporating Saturation Saliency', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4684-4687.
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In this paper a comprehensive nonlinear model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is proposed considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. With an identifiable parameter matrix, a numerical nonlinear inductance model is developed, in which the rotor position and the stator current are taken as the variables. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSM is built up. With all the machine dimensions and physical parameters, finite-element analysis (FEA) is applied to calculate the magnetic field of the machine. FEA and performance simulation results are used to verify the new nonlinear model, which can be further used as a virtual model to develop, simulate, and verify the saturation saliency detection strategies.

Yong Zhang, Guangyuan Yang, Shao, KR, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Multiscale Combined Radial Basis Function Collocation Method for Eddy Currents Analysis in High-Speed Moving Conductors', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3973-3976.
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A novel multiscale combined radial basis function (RBF) collocation method, as a truly meshless method, is presented to overcome the shortage of general RBF collocation method and is applied to analyze eddy currents in high-speed moving conductors in this paper. A typical example is set here to illustrate the accuracy and affectivity of the proposed method, including a comparison with general RBF collocation method and finite element method (FEM).

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Anchor Global Position Accuracy Enhancement Based on Data Fusion', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 1616-1623.
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The location information of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks is crucial for various applications such as emergency rescue operations, environmental monitoring, home automation, and traffic control. In this paper, a new method to improve the anchor location accuracy in wireless sensor networks is proposed based on fusion of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and anchor-to-anchor parameter estimates. Novel algorithms are derived to increase the accuracy of anchor locations using both anchor-to-anchor distance and angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimates for both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios. When using anchor-to-anchor distance estimates in LOS conditions, an optimization-based algorithm is developed. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived to benchmark positioning accuracy in 3-D environments with both GPS measurements and anchor-to-anchor parameter estimates, which has not been studied in the literature. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can substantially improve anchor position accuracy, and the performance of the proposed algorithms approaches the CRLB. © 2008 IEEE.

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Anchor-free localisation algorithm and performance analysis in wireless sensor networks', IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 549-549.
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A hybrid anchor-free localisation scheme for multihop wireless sensor networks is presented. First, a relatively dense group of nodes is selected as a base, which are localised by using the multidimensional scaling method. Secondly, the robust quads (RQ) method is employed to localise other nodes, following which the robust triangle and radio range (RTRR) approach is used to perform the localisation task. The RQ and the RTRR methods are used alternately until no more nodes can be localised by the two approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid localisation algorithm performs well in terms of both accuracy and the success rate of localisation. To evaluate the accuracy of anchor-free localisation algorithms, the authors derive two different accuracy measures: the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) to benchmark the coordinate estimation errors and the approximate lower bound to benchmark the distance errors. Simulation results demonstrate that both the CRLB and the distance error lower bound provide references for the accuracy of the location algorithms. © 2009 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Statistical NLOS Identification Based on AOA, TOA, and Signal Strength', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 274-286.
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Nonline-of-sight (NLOS) propagation is one of the challenges in radio positioning. Significant attention has been drawn to the mitigation of the NLOS effect in recent years. This paper focuses on the identification of NLOS conditions by employing the statistical decision theory. A Neyman-Pearson (NP) test method is first derived for scenarios where either 1-D or 2-D angular measurements are provided. A time-of-arrival (TOA) based method is then developed under idealized conditions to provide a performance reference. In the presence of both TOA and received signal strength (RSS) measurements, a joint identification method is derived to efficiently exploit the TOA and RSS measurements. Analytical expressions of the probability of detection (POD) and the probability of false alarm (PFA) are derived for all the scenarios considered. Two theorems and one corollary regarding the line-of-sight (LOS) conditions based on the angle of arrival (AOA) are also presented, and the proofs are provided. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well, and the joint TOA- and RSS-based method considerably outperforms the TOA-based methods. The proposed methods are robust to the model errors, as demonstrated through simulations. It is also shown that the analytical results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2009 IEEE.

Yu, K, Guo, YJ & Hedley, M 2009, 'TOA-based distributed localisation with unknown internal delays and clock frequency offsets in wireless sensor networks', IET Signal Processing, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 106-106.
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Locating sensor nodes in an ad hoc wireless sensor network (WSN) is a challenging task. In general, the network nodes are not synchronised and the internal delays within the nodes are unknown. Here, time-of-arrival (TOA)-based localisation is investigated when practical parameters such as clock time offset, clock frequency offset and system internal delay are all involved. The TOA measurements are made between each pair of nodes that are within radio range. First, an efficient frequency offset (FO) estimation algorithm is derived. Then, a two-stage localisation scheme is proposed. In the first stage, localisation starts from the nodes with the largest numbers of neighbouring anchors and priority is always given to nodes with more neighbouring anchors and/or localised nodes. In the second stage, the locations of all neighbouring nodes are exploited to improve location accuracy. Two iterative algorithms are developed: the Taylor series-based least squares (TS-LS) method and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) optimisation method. During the localisation process, a number of measures are taken to ensure the reliability of each location estimate to avoid abnormal errors and reduce error propagation. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is also derived to benchmark the location accuracy. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2009.

Yue Li, Archer, JW, Tello, J, Rosolen, G, Ceccato, F, Hay, SG, Hellicar, A & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Performance Evaluation of a Passive Millimeter-Wave Imager', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2391-2405.
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A cross-correlating 186-GHz passive millimeter-wave imager has been built. The key components in the signal processing hardware are two 186-GHz receivers and a broadband complex correlator. To evaluate the performance of this imager, its point-spread function, beam pattern, baseline vector, and their variations with the scanning direction have been experimentally measured and derived. Some of these results are needed for optimizing the imager’s parameter settings. Others are required for implementing the modulated-beam and modulated-scene algorithms proposed in a previous paper dealing with the imager’s fringe in its point-spread function. These results will also reveal any problems in the construction process of the imager. The theoretical bases for these measurements are analyzed. Novel algorithms for deriving each antenna’s point-spread function and beam pattern, as well as the imager’s baseline vector from the measurement results of the imager’s point-spread function and beam pattern are proposed and successfully applied in the measurements. Experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2009 IEEE.

Yunkai Huang, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 2009, 'Thermal Analysis of High-Speed SMC Motor Based on Thermal Network and 3-D FEA With Rotational Core Loss Included', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4680-4683.
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This paper presents the thermal analysis of a high-speed motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC). Due to the high operation frequency, the core loss is much greater than the other losses and, hence, is the major heat source in the high-speed motor. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. In this paper, the rotational core-loss model is employed and implemented by using 3-D magnetic-field analysis (FEA). Two methods to model the thermal behavior are presented. The first method uses a combination of lumped and distributed thermal parameters, which are obtained from motor dimensions and thermal constants. The second method employs 3-D FEA to accurately calculate the temperature distribution. Core losses are directly coupled into the thermal calculation by keeping the same hexahedral meshing for magnetic-field analysis and thermal analysis. A testing bench for the high-speed SMC motor prototype has been set up to measure the core loss. The temperature rises were measured by thermal probes. The calculation and measurement results are compared and discussed.

Zhang, J, Luo, L & Shi, Z 2009, 'Quadrature OFDMA systems based on layered FFT structure', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 850-860.
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Zhang, JA, Kennedy, RA & Abhayapala, TD 2009, 'Reduced-Rank Shift-Invariant Technique and Its Application for Synchronization and Channel Identification in UWB Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2008, no. 1, pp. 38-38.
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Zhao, Y, Shapiro, D, Mcgloin, D, Chiu, DT & Marchesini, S 2009, 'Direct observation of the transfer of orbital angular momentum to metal particles from a focused circularly polarized Gaussian beam', Optics Express, vol. 17, no. 25, pp. 23316-23316.
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Zhi Wei Lin, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Johansen, TH & Yoshizawa, Y 2009, 'Flux Distribution at the Cross Section of Stacked Nanostructured Magnetic Ribbon', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3912-3914.
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Conventional magnetization methods only measure the average magnetic properties over the whole sample. The information is insufficient to understand the local character. This paper presents the visualized magnetization process and its profiles in detail at the cross section of the FINEMET ribbon using advanced magnetooptical imaging technique. External magnetic fields were applied parallel to the surface of the ribbon. A magnetization curve was plotted by interpreting the profile of intensity of magnetooptical images. The profile indicates that the flux densities are higher at the cross section of the ribbons compared with those at the gaps between the ribbons. The flux lines mainly transmit inside the FINEMET ribbons though there are some stray fields between the ribbons.

Zhu, JG, Lin, ZW, Guo, YG & Huang, Y 2009, '3D measurement and modelling of magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite', Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 11-15.
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The soft magnetic composite (SMC) is a new type of soft magnetic material made of insulated iron powders. Its special characteristics could enable the development of low cost high performance electrical machines. This paper presents the measurement and modelling of magnetic properties of SMC under 3D magnetizations. Detailed descriptions of the 3D magnetic property tester, principle of measurement, core loss models, and experimental results are included and discussed.

Abdul Rahman, S, Zhang, N & Zhu, J 1970, 'Genetic Algorithm for UTS Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Parameter Optimization', Proceedings of the 13th Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference (APVC 09), Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-8.
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This paper covers modeling, energy management strategy development, genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and simulation results based on the model of the UTS plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The UTS PHEV configuration consists of energy storage system, electric machine (EM), power control unit and internal combustion engine. The difference between the UTS PHEV and the conventional powertrain configurations is that the existing configurations need two EMs to function as the electric generator and motor, respectively, while the UTS PHEV needs only one EM to function as either a generator or electric motor in different time intervals specified by the energy management strategy and therefore, can save space, weight and cost. Extensive research has been conducted on the modeling and comparison of the new and existing powertrain configurations. The objective of this paper is to minimize the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by optimizing the powertrain parameters. The powertrain was simulated for a standard U.S environmental protection agency drive cycle, the highway drive cycle, and the optimization was performed by using the GA.

Abolhasan, M, Hagelstein, B & Wang, JC-P 1970, 'Real-world performance of current proactive multi-hop mesh protocols', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 44-47.
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The proliferation of mesh or ad hoc network protocols has lead to a push for protocol standardisation. While there are a number of both open-source and proprietary mesh routing protocols being developed, there is only a small amount of literature available that shows relative strengths and weaknesses of different protocols. This paper investigates the performance of a number of available routing protocols using a real-world testbed. Three routing protocols - optimised link state routing (OLSR), better approach to mobile ad hoc network (B.A.T.M.A.N.) and BABEL - were chosen for this study. Our investigations focus on the multi-hopping performance and the ability of each routing protocol to recover from link failures. Our results show that B.A.T.M.A.N. and BABEL outperform OLSR both in terms of multi-hopping performance and in route re-discovery latency.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Soft Glass Spiral PCF with Flat Anomalous Dispersion at 1064nm and γ>2000 W−1km−1 at 1550nm', Optical Fiber Communication Conference and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OSA.
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A soft-glass spiral PCF design is analysed using the FEM approach showing γ >2000 W-1km-1 at 1550nm and 4000 W-1km-1(1064nm). The design exhibits low, flat anomalous dispersion (~15 ps/nm.km and dispersion slope~0.25ps/nm2.km) at 1064nm. © Optical Society of America.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'Capacitor voltage estimation for predictive control algorithm of flying capacitor converters', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology - (ICIT), IEEE, Churchill, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1471-1476.
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Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'Predictive control formulation for achieving a reduced finite control set in flying capacitor converters', 2009 European Control Conference (ECC), 2009 European Control Conference (ECC), IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 3955-3960.
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© 2009 EUCA. Multilevel Converters (MCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional two level converters. These topologies present a better output voltage quality due to the reduction of the voltage steps by increasing the voltage number levels. Within the MC family, flying capacitor converters present a special attraction due to the easy way to increase output voltage levels by adding cells. Recently model predictive control algorithms have reached a special interest in MCs applications. In particular, finite control set predictive control algorithms applied to flying capacitor converters have shown that it is possible to achieve a good performance in the control of capacitor voltages and output current. For that purpose, at each sample time the controller explores all the switching states and determines the optimal one to be applied. However, the number of switching states grow exponentially in relation to the number of cells. This increases the time that the algorithm takes to find the optimal switching state. In this paper we present an off- line strategy to reduce the number of switching states to be explored in a finite control set predictive algorithm by using only those which produce that the system state point towards to the reference. Moreover, a sampling period design is presented to guarantee that the system state remains inside of a positive invariant set.

Ahmad, NF, Hoang, DB, Phung, MH & IEEE 1970, 'Robust Preprocessing for Health Care Monitoring Framework', 2009 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-HEALTH NETWORKING, APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES (HEALTHCOM 2009), IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, IEEE Communications Society, Sydney Australia, pp. 169-174.
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Remote health care monitoring is an emerging application that helps to reduce the cost of health care and at the same time improve its quality. However, by its nature, medical sensor data is often unreliable and massive as the data is collected from numerous sensors operating in noisy environments. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of the sensor data and the scalability of the health care monitoring services are among major challenge and is a determining factor in success of the system. In this paper, we propose a robust and flexible processing module as part of an active health care monitoring framework. It is responsible for preparing the sensor data and performing some initial assessment of the data for input to later modules. The proposed preprocessing architecture contains five stages ; validation, transformation, cleaning, reduction and cross-verification. The module is evaluated using synthetic blood pressure data.

Al Aamri, H, Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & IEEE 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery in Absence of Previous Route Information in MANETs', 2009 IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5, 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 63-67.

AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery in Absence of Previous Route Information in MANETs', VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009 IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference Spring, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-5.
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This paper present a new routing protocol for Ad hoc networks, called On-demand Tree-based Routing Protocol (OTRP). This protocol combines the idea of hop-by-hop routing such as AODV with an efficient route discovery algorithm called Tree-based Optimized Flooding (TOF) to improve scalability of Ad hoc networks when there is no previous knowledge about the destination. To achieve this in OTRP, route discovery overheads are minimized by selectively flooding the network through a limited set of nodes, referred to as branching-nodes. The theoretical analysis and simulation results showed that OTRP outperforms AODV, DYMO, and OLSR and it reduces overheads as number of nodes and traffic increase.

AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 1970, 'Routing metric for multi-interface and power-aware nodes in heterogeneous MANETs', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 372-375.
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This paper presents heterogeneity ratio (HR) as a new routing metric for heterogeneous MANETs. This metric is the ratio of number of powerful nodes to hop count that is used to select the best path to destination. Node heterogeneity is modeled in terms of: types and number of different interfaces, power, and transmission ranges. Our proposed routing metric is based on developing route discovery algorithm that is implemented on the top of on-demand tree-based routing protocol (OTRP)[2] to accommodate nodes heterogeneity. Simulation results show that using HR with OTRP heterogeneity aware outperforms other metrics like minimal hop count and maximal number of powerful nodes.

Athanasius, GX & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Design of Robust Controller for Wind Turbines', 2009 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, 2009 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, IEEE, pp. 7-12.
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To optimise the performance of the wind generation, wind turbines employ variable speed (VS) variable pitch (VP) control system. Wind turbine is a complex nonlinear mechanical system exposed to uncontrolled wind profiles. Due to this, dynamic and parametric uncertainties arise in the mathematical model of the wind turbines over different operating conditions. This makes the turbine controller design a challenging task. This paper addresses the problem of designing robust control system for wind turbines in the presence of uncertainties using Minimax LQG (linear quadratic gaussian) design methodology. Using this approach the parameter variations and the model uncertainties are represented using Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQCs). Controllers are synthesised using LMI approach. The designed controllers provide robust performance in the presence of the specified uncertainties. Controllers are designed for a test case system and simulation results are presented. © 2009 IEEE.

Athanasius, GX, Zhu, JG & Sreenatha, AG 1970, 'Robust Control of Unmanned Arial Vehicles', 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, & Telecommunication Technologies (ACT 2009), IEEE, pp. 153-155.
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The dynamics of the UAVs are highly nonlinear and continuously vary with time. Also they are subjected to severe external disturbances. Due to this, dynamic and parametric uncertainties arise in the mathematical model of the UAVs over different operating conditions. This paper addresses the problem of designing robust control system for UAVs in the presence of uncertainties using minimax LQG (linear quadratic gaussian) design methodology. Using this approach the parameter variations and the model uncertainties are represented using Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQCs). Controllers are synthesised using LMI approach. The designed controllers provide robust performance in the presence of the specified uncertainties. © 2009 IEEE.

Benter, A, Xu, R, Moore, W, Antolovich, M & Gao, J 1970, 'Fragment size detection within homogeneous material using ground penetrating radar', 2009 International Radar Conference 'Surveillance for a Safer World', RADAR 2009.
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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) offers the ability to observe the internal structure of a pile of rocks. Large fragments within the pile may not be visible on the surface. Determining these large fragment sizes before collection can improve mine productivity. This research has examined the potential to identify objects where the background media and the object exhibit the same dielectric properties. Preliminary results are presented which show identification is possible using standard GPR equipment.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, D 1970, 'Network Security Considerations for a New Generation Protocol UDT', 2009 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3, IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, IEEE Communications Society, Beijing China, pp. 125-130.
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This paper evaluates security issues of the recently designed and implemented next generation protocol UDTv4 and offers two contributions to this area of research. Firstly, since UDT is a relatively new protocol, its security requirements have not been considered and explored. An examination investigating its security requirements in implementation is performed. The objective is to achieve a wide class of security methods used on existing mature protocols such as TCP and UDP, and other developed variants such as DCCP and STCP. This will assist investigators, designers, and users who consider and incorporate security when implementing UDT. Secondly, it aims to provide ways of securing applications and traffic using UDT protocol as well as making recommendations for adequate methods to address its security requirements. This will highlight UDT's security limitations and determine the threshold of feasible security schemes within the constraints under which UDT was designed and developed.

Bernardo, DV, Chua, BB & Hoang, D 1970, 'Quantitative security risk assessment (SRA) method: An empirical case study', 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), IEEE, Comibatore, India, pp. 972-977.
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This paper introduces a novel approach to a more practical Quantitative SRA. The approach formalized in this paper is based on the methods described in various risk assessment frameworks that were described by existing international standards with adjustments combining qualitative and ranking method based on distance-based approach. The successful implementation of this approach in four organizations provides an alternative conventional means of performing a more practical Quantitative SRA, in a manner consistent with current set of standards and practices.

Brakel, JW, Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, ''From the hippocratic oath to electronic data storage': Ethical aspects for m-health projects in Australia', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Health 2009, Part of the IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2009, International Association for Development of the Information Society International Conference, IADIS Press, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 115-122.
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This paper discusses the issue of ethics when it comes to trialling m-health applications in a hospital environment in Australia. Our team has developed a personalised health monitoring application for smart phones using wireless biosensors to monitor and instruct patients. This paper discusses some of the Australian guidelines regarding ethical aspects of running technological trials of such mobile health projects on cardiac patients. Ethical issues regarding mobile health projects can be generally divided in two parts. The first one concerns any potential dangers to the patient's health. Although testing can also be done on healthy test subjects, the best way to acquire real-life test-data is to perform tests on actual cardiac patients. The second one is the privacy aspect in the doctor-patient relationship as some patients do not want to be identified as having a disease or do not want to have their records kept on file and used in scientific publications. Nevertheless, to show the benefits of this personalized m-health monitoring, a technical trial has to be conducted and research data needs to be published in a verifiable way. This paper gives an introduction into ethical regulations, organizations and issues in Australia. It describes, in detail, the issues involved in conducting technical trials in Australian hospitals. The paper gives several recommendations on how to deal with ethics in personalised m-health monitoring projects. © 2009 IADIS.

Braun, R, Chaczko, Z & Chiang, F 1970, 'Towards a new information-centric view of Wireless Sensor Networks', BROADBANDCOM 2009 - Selected Papers on Broadband Communication, Information Technology and Biomedical Applications, International Conference of Broadband Communication, Information Technology and Biomedical Applications, BroadBandCom '09, Wroclaw, Poland, pp. 229-232.
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This paper presents a new paradigm for viewing the work of Wireless Sensor Networks. The Observed Field (OF) is described as a multi-dimensional Information Space (ISp). The Wireless Sensor Network is described as a Transformation Space (TS), while the information collector is a single point consumer of information, described as an Information Sink (ISi). Formal mathematical descriptions are suggested for the OF and the ISp. Mathematical descriptions for the TS and the ISi, based on the notion of Path Mutual Information, are proposed. Information flows from ISp to ISi via TS. TS can be formally thought of as a multi-dimensional transform function between ISp and ISi. It can be aggregated into a notional multidimensional value. This formal mathematical description can be used to create numerical optimization routines for generating TSs, against cost functions such as power consumption, and constraints such as maximum distance between sensors.

Broomhead, T, Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'Counter availability and characteristics for feed-forward based synchronization', Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, 2009. ISPCS 2009. International Symposium on, IEEE, pp. 1-6.

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 1970, 'Modelling aerosol optical tweezers', Advances in Imaging, Optical Trapping Applications, OSA.
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Chaczko, Z, Kohli, AS, Chiu, C & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'Patient Information Management: Application of Performance Theories for Healthcare', 2009 International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology, 2009 International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology, IEEE, Jeju Island, South Korea, pp. 173-178.
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This paper conceptualises the development of a Patient Information Management system to assist health care professionals and carers in providing an enhanced level of support to patients. By focusing on throughput analysis and mission criticality the system designers can make valued judgement on the needs of the professional and system's long term requirements.

Chaczko, Z, Moses, P & Chiu, C 1970, 'Co-operative Extended Kohonen Mapping (EKM) for Wireless Sensor Networks.', EUROCAST, International Conference Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain February 15-20, 2009, Springer, Spain, pp. 897-904.
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This paper discusses a methodology to manage wireless sensor networks (WSN) with self-organising feature maps, using co-operative Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs). EKMs have been successfully demonstrated in other machine-learning contexts such as learning sensori-motor control and feedback tasks. Through a quantitative analysis of the algorithmic process, an indirect-mapping EKM can self-organise from a given input space, such as theWSNs external factors, to administer theWSNs routing and clustering functions with a control parameter space. Preliminary results demonstrate indirect mapping with EKMs provide an economical control and feedback mechanism by operating in a continuous sensory control space when compared with direct mapping techniques. By training the control parameter, a faster convergence is made with processes such as the recursive least squares method. The management of a WSNs clustering and routing procedures are enhanced by the co-operation of multiple self-organising EKMs to adapt to actively changing conditions in the environment.

Chan, KY, Yiu, KFC, Low, SY, Nordholm, S & Ling, SH 1970, 'Speech recognition enhancement using beamforming and a genetic algorithm', NSS: 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK AND SYSTEM SECURITY, International Conference on network and System Security, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 510-515.
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This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based beamformer to optimize speech recognition accuracy for a pre-trained speech recognizer. The proposed beamformer is designed to tackle the non-differentiable and non-linear natures of speech recognition by employing the GA algorithm to search for the optimal beamformer weights. Specifically, a population of beamformer weights is reproduced by crossover and mutation until the optimal beamformer weights are obtained. Results show that the speech recognition accuracies can be greatly improved even in noisy environments. © 2009 IEEE.

Chen, Y, Zhang, J & Jayalath, D 1970, 'Clipping Noise Compensation for OFDMA Systems', 2009 Australian Communications Theory Workshop, 2009 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 100-104.
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Cheng, B, Ritz, C & Burnett, I 1970, 'Spatial audio coding by squeezing: Analysis and application to compressing multiple soundfields', European Signal Processing Conference, pp. 909-913.
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Spatially Squeezed Surround Audio Coding (S 3AC) proposed by the authors provides efficient compression of multi-channel surround audio. Compression is achieved by exploiting human sound localisation blur to save the surround soundfield information in a squeezed stereo soundfield. In this paper, the localisation loss during the S 3AC analysis/synthesis is evaluated and the minimum size of the S 3AC squeezed soundfield is derived in a frequency dependent form. Results from perceptual listening tests show that, compared with standard squeezing from a 360° surround soundfield to a 60° stereo soundfield, a more intensive squeezing method, such as from 360°-to-5°, does not introduce audible localisation distortion. This leads to a further application of S 3AC for compressing more than one surround soundfield into a single stereo downmix for applications such as spatialised teleconferencing. This application is also described and perceptually evaluate. © EURASIP, 2009.

Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & Ritz, C 1970, 'The effect of microphone directivity patterns on spatial cues for reverberant multichannel meeting speech analysis', European Signal Processing Conference, pp. 2181-2185.
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Multiparty meetings common to many business environments often have participants who are generally stationary. Hence, active speakers can be disambiguated by location, and meeting analysis research groups have proposed the use of speaker location information (spatial cues) for meeting segmentation and higher level analysis. As the cues are estimated from multi-microphone recordings, this paper studies the effect of varying microphone directivity patterns on the spatial cue accuracy and reliability. Results from theoretical simulations and recordings from a real reverberant environment suggest that different spatial cues (based on inter-microphone signal time delays or amplitude level differences) optimally respond to different microphone directivity patterns, where time delay accuracy was found to be independent of the relative microphone configuration. © EURASIP, 2009.

Clarke, J, Lethbridge, J, Liu, RP & Terhorst, A 1970, 'Integrating mobile telephone based sensor networks into the sensor web', 2009 IEEE Sensors, 2009 IEEE Sensors, IEEE, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 1010-+.
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Dalvand, H, Nguyen, HT & Ha, QP 1970, 'Design of Second-Order Sliding Mode Controllers for MR Damper-Embedded Smart Structures', Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2009), 26th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Austin USA, pp. 332-340.
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Design of a current controlled system for MR damper-embedded civil structures

Davis, D & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Environmental monitoring system', BROADBANDCOM 2009 - Selected Papers on Broadband Communication, Information Technology and Biomedical Applications, International Conference of Broadband Communication, Information Technology and Biomedical Applications, BroadBandCom '09, Wroclaw, Poland, pp. 215-221.
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The Environmental Monitoring System's (EMS) main purpose is to monitor key environmental factors utilising incorporated wireless sensor networks (WSN) technology. While the system discussed in this paper is intended to be an integrated turnkey solution for Chemical Manufacturing Plants it is flexible enough to be adapted to static or dynamic situations that warrant environmental monitoring. Principally the discussion looks at various issues that confront the deployment of a supervisory system employing a WSN.

Dyadyuk, V, Bunton, JD & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Study on high rate long range wireless communications in the 71-76 and 81-86 GHz bands', European Microwave Week 2009, EuMW 2009: Science, Progress and Quality at Radiofrequencies, Conference Proceedings - 39th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2009, pp. 1315-1318.
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Performance of high data rate wireless line-of-sight communications in the E-band is analysed using an example of the spectrally efficient multi-gigabit system reported earlier. This paper discussed available technologies, potentials of a further increase of the communication range and challenges in development of the future multi-gigabit wireless networks. © 2009 EuMA.

Dyadyuk, V, Guo, YJ & Bunton, JD 1970, 'Multi-gigabit wireless communication technology in the E-band', 2009 1st International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology, Electronic Systems Technology (Wireless VITAE), IEEE, pp. 137-141.
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The enabling technologies and challenges in development of multi-gigabit wireless communication systems in the E-band are discussed. Potentials of the further improvement of the fixed wireless links performance and feasibility of development of the future ad-hoc or mobile wireless networks in the E-band are evaluated. © 2009 IEEE.

Dyadyuk, V, Guo, YJ & Bunton, JD 1970, 'Multi-Gigabit Wireless Communication Technology in the E-band', 2009 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION THEORY AND AEROSPACE & ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, 1st International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace and Electronic Systems Technology, IEEE, Aalborg, DENMARK, pp. 142-146.

Eslava, S, Urrutia, J, Busawon, AN, Baklanov, MR, Iacopi, F, Maex, K, Kirschhock, CEA & Martens, JA 1970, 'Effects of Silica Sources on Nanoporous Organosilicate Films Templated with Tetraalkylammonium Cations', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 53-58.
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AbstractNanoporous organosilicate films have been recently prepared using tetraalkylammonium cations in acid and basic media, outperforming other materials. Resulting films using basic medium were called zeolite-inspired low-k dielectrics. Here we study the dependence of the properties of these films on the used silica sources: methyltrimethoxy silane (MTMS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). A set of experiments varying the MTMS:TEOS ratio were prepared in acid medium and characterized. A textural, physico-chemical, mechanical, and electrical characterization of this series of experiments is presented.

Fanian, K, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Efficient design of 2-D nonseparable filters of low complexity', 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009, IEEE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 4001-4004.
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By using Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) as a tool, a new deign for Two-Dimensional (2-D) Diamond-Shaped (DS) filters is developed. Surprisingly, the diamond shape of the filter is exactly expressed by using simple 2-D trigonometric polynomial curves of

Folowosele, F, Etienne-Cummings, R & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A CMOS switched capacitor implementation of the Mihalas-Niebur neuron', 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE, pp. 105-108.
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The Mihalas-Niebur neural model is a generalized model of the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with adaptive threshold. It has been shown in simulation to be capable of producing most of the known spiking and bursting patterns of cortical neurons [1]. We present results from the first circuit implementation of the model with six spiking patterns observed in biological regular-spiking, fast-spiking and low-threshold spiking inhibitory neurons. The circuit was implemented in a 0.5um CMOS process occupying an area of 277um by 177um. ©2009 IEEE.

Folowosele, F, Harrison, A, Cassidy, A, Andreou, AG, Etienne-Cummings, R, Mihalas, S, Niebur, E & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A switched capacitor implementation of the generalized linear integrate-and-fire neuron', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 2149-+.
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Gall, M, Grill, A, Iacopi, F, Koike, J & Usui, T 1970, 'Materials, Processes, and Reliability for Advanced Interconnects for Micro- and Nanoelectronics - 2009: Preface', Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings.

Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P & Barin, E 1970, 'A mobile rehabilitation application for the remote monitoring of cardiac patients after a heart attack or a coronary bypass surgery.', PETRA, International Conference on PErvsive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, ACM, Corfu, Greece, pp. 1-7.
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This paper describes a personalised rehabilitation application using a smart phone (PDA) and wireless (bio) sensors. It instructs and motivates patients to follow their exercise programme and keeps track of their progress. It also monitors the relevant biosignals and provides immediate feedback to the patient. Sensors transmit data to the mobile phone where it is analysed locally and the data can also be instantaneously transmitted to a healthcare centre for remote monitoring by a health professional. The rehabilitation application is personalised for each cardiac patient and provides tailored advice (e.g. exercise more, slow down). A trial with a rehabilitation centre is in progress in which we investigate whether the personalised rehabilitation application improves the success of the rehabilitation programme in terms of patient compliance with recommended life style changes (such as increase physical activity or lose weight) and whether use of the system brings peace of mind to cardiac patients.

Guo, L, Guo, N, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Wang, Y 1970, 'Optimization for Capacitor-Driven Coilgun Based on Equivalent Circuit Model and Genetic Algorithm', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 651-+.

Guo, L, Wang, S, Guo, N, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Analysis and Optimization of Electromagnetic Coilgun', APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS (II), 14th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (ISEM 2009), JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS & MECHANICS, Xi'an Jiatong Univ, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 161-+.

Guo, Y, Xu, W, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Design and analysis of a linear induction motor for a prototype HTS maglev transportation system', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 81-84.
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This paper investigates the design and analysis of a linear induction motor (LIM) drive for a prototype transportation system, which is levitated by the interaction force between high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks placed on the ground and permanent magnets (PMs) mounted on the bottom of the vehicle, while the driving force is provided by a linear induction motor system on the side of the prototype vehicle. An equivalent electrical circuit is applied to predict the motor characteristics and the computation results show that the proposed LIM drive system is appropriate for driving the HTS maglev transportation prototype.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Dorrell, D, Lu, H, Wang, Y & IEEE 1970, 'Development of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with a Molded Low-Density Soft Magnetic Composite Stator Core', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 703-710.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Design and analysis of a permanent magnet motor with SMC core for driving dishwasher pump', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, 138, pp. 138-141.
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This paper presents the development of a permanent magnet motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator core for driving a dishwasher pump. The unique properties of the SMC, such as 3D magnetic isotropy and molding production technique, have been taken into account in the design. 3D magnetic field finite element analysis is carried out to accurately compute the motor parameters and an equivalent electrical circuit is derived to predict the motor performance. Analysis results show that the developed motor is appropriate.

Ha Pham Ngoc, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 1970, 'Dynamic performance of a current-phase control method for zone-control induction heating systems', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 833-839.
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Print Request Permissions This paper presents a phase angle control method of coil currents in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system, which has split working coils on a work piece. The ZCIH system controls the amplitude of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the work piece uniform. The coil currents should be adjusted to be in phase with each other to control the current amplitude in a wide range from 0 to 100%. This paper derives the phase-angle change of the coil current in transient states, and reveals that the phase-angle change can be considered as a first-order response. A phase-angle controller was designed and examined in experiments with a two-zone ZCIH system, making it possible to adjust the current phase angle not only in steady states but also in transient states.

Hamilton, TJ, Nelson, NM, Sander, D & Abshire, P 1970, 'A cell impedance sensor based on a silicon cochlea', 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE, pp. 117-120.
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In this paper, we present the design of an integrated CMOS sensor for cell impedance measurement. To achieve simultaneous measurements over a wide frequency range, the impedance sensor has been developed using silicon cochleae as both the input stimulus generator and the output frequency analyzer. This solution, inspired by the accuracy and efficiency of biological systems, has several advantages. The silicon cochlea is able to make measurements over a very wide frequency range (from Hz to MHz) with variable resolution. Power consumption of the sensor is below 30μW due to the biasing regime used in the silicon cochleae. Furthermore, the implementation of the sensor is fully autonomous requiring no reference clocks or signal generators, facilitating integration into larger cell analysis systems. ©2009 IEEE.

Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Rapson, M, Jin, C & Van Schaik, A 1970, 'Understanding the mathematics of hearing using electronic circuits', ANZIAM Journal, Australian Mathematical Publishing Association, Inc., pp. 300-300.
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The human cochlea is a fascinating transduction organ that illustrates the ingenious way in which engineering problems are solved in nature. A healthy cochlea has a dynamic range in the order of 120 dB; that is, the difference between the roar of the engines of a Boeing 747 and the faintest whisper. We discuss the recent assertion that the cochlea is governed by the dynamics of a Hopf bifurcation. In our cochlea model we discretise the basilar membrane into resonant sections with logarithmically decreasing characteristic frequencies. We show that the observed active behaviour of the cochlea can be modelled as a change in the quality factor of the individual resonant sections in a discretised model, and that this has dynamics which embody the Hopf bifurcation. © Austral. Mathematical Soc. 2010.

Hanlen, LW, Smith, D, Zhang, JA & Lewis, D 1970, 'Key-sharing via channel randomness in narrowband body area networks: Is everyday movement sufficient?', Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Body Area Networks, 4th International ICST Conference on Body Area Networks, ICST, ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), pp. 17-17.
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Herek, AM, Su, SW, Trinh, HM & Ha, QP 1970, 'Performance of First and Second-Order Sliding Mode Observers for Nonlinear Systems', Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, The International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart Tasmania Australia, pp. 1-7.
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This paper presents a brief study on the design and performance comparison of conventional first-order and super-twisting second-order sliding mode observers for some nonlinear control systems. Estimation accuracy, fast response, chattering effect, peaking phenomenon and robustness are considered for nonlinear systems under observer-based output feedback control and state feedback control.

Hidayat, R, Dejhan, K, Moungnoul, P & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'OTA-based high frequency CMOS multiplier and squaring circuit', 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2008), IEEE.
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Hoang, DB & Foureur, M 1970, 'Welcome from the technical program chairs', 2009 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), 2009 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2009), IEEE, p. 2.
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Hoang, HG, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Analog flat filter design', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 3225-3228.
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This paper proposes a systematic approach for the design of a general class of analog infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filters, which includes all well-known classical analog filters as a special case. All specifications including the conventional ones an

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Kumble, C 1970, 'Transfer Limit Enhancement Using Decentralized Robust STATCOM Control for Wind Farm', 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, IEEE, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1445-+.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, V & Ramos, RA 1970, 'A robust STATCOM control to augment LVRT capability of fixed speed wind turbines', Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference, 2009 Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 7843-7848.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, V & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Excitation control for large disturbances in power systems with dynamic loads', 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Energy Society General Meeting (PES), IEEE, Calgary, CANADA, pp. 757-+.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, V & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Robust STATCOM control for the enhancement of fault ride-through capability of fixed speed wind generators', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA), IEEE, St Petersburg, RUSSIA, pp. 1505-+.
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Hossain, MS & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Performance analysis of a novel fuzzy logic and MTPA based speed control for IPMSM drive with variable d- and q-axis inductances', 2009 12th International Conference on Computers and Information Technology, 2009 12th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), IEEE, pp. 361-366.
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This paper presents a novel speed control scheme of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) using Fuzzy logic controller considering variable direct and quadrature axis inductances. The Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been designed on the basis of indirect vector control scheme of the IPMSM drive. The complete vector control scheme of the IPMSM drive incorporating the FLC is simulated for a IPMSM using Matlab/Simulink. The performances of the proposed FLC based IPMSM drive are investigated and compared to those obtained from the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) based drive at various dynamic operating conditions, such as, certain change in command speed, step change in load, etc. The comparative results show that the FLC is more robust and, hence, found to be a suitable replacement of the MTPA control for the high performance industrial drive applications. ©2009 IEEE.

Huang, X & Guo, Y 1970, 'Achieving higher throughput for OFDM systems with parallel packet transmission', Australia communications theory workshop, Australia communications theory workshop, Sydney, Australia.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Frequency and Space Precoded MIMO OFDM with Substream Adaptation', 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE.
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A new frequency and space precoding scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. For frequency precoding, the data symbols to be transmitted are divided into multiple substreams, and a predefined unitary matrix is applied to each substream to obtain different linear combinations of data symbols in the substream to gain frequency diversity. For space precoding, different precoding matrices selected from a predefined orthogonal matrix are used to allocate each frequency precoded data symbol to all transmit antennas to gain spatial diversity. The number of substreams and the corresponding data symbol mapping scheme are also adaptively determined at the receiver under varying received signal strength and MIMO channel conditions, and are made available to the transmitter through a low-rate feedback channel. Simulation results show that the proposed MIMO OFDM system with adaptive substream selection can effectively exploit both frequency and spatial diversity, and deliver the maximum system throughput. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'MSE Bounds for Phase Estimation in Presence of Recursive Nuisance Parameters', GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE.
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The mean squared error (MSE) is commonly used to measure and compare the performance of various phase estimation techniques in communications and signal processing systems. When the received signal contains recursive nuisance parameters, the MSE is extremely difficult to obtain and even the conventional modified Cramér-Rao bound (MCRB) can not be readily applied. In this paper, a recursive MSE bound and its simplified calculation method are proposed to solve the problem. As an application example, an adaptive hybrid antenna array and its associated angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation technique are presented. The MSE of the AoA estimation is simulated and compared with the recursive MSE bound and MCRB. The results show that the proposed recursive MSE bound provides a tighter lower MSE bound than the recursive MCRB.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Parallel Packet Transmission Based on OFDM', 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE.
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This paper proposes a parallel packet transmission (PPT) scheme based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The principle of the PPT scheme is to divide a packet into a number of smaller parallel packets, and transmit each smaller packet over an individual subcarrier of the OFDM symbols instead of spreading the data bits in a packet across a number of different subcarriers. It is proved theoretically that the proposed PPT scheme has higher average throughput than the conventional serial packet transmission without precoding. Furthermore, simulation results show that the OFDM system with PPT outperforms the precoded OFDM system with minimum mean squared error equalization in both uncoded and coded cases in terms of average throughput. The PPT scheme provides an alternative and simpler means to combat frequency-selective fading. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Bunton, J 1970, 'Adaptive AoA Estimation and Beamforming with Hybrid Antenna Arrays', 2009 IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall, 2009 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2009-Fall), IEEE.
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A new type of hybrid antenna array consisting of analogue subarrays followed by a digital beamformer is proposed for practical implementation of long range high data rate millimetre wave communications systems. An adaptive algorithm, referred to as the differential beam search (DBS), is proposed for the angle of arrival (AoA) estimation to control the phase shifters in the analogue subarrays and to perform digital beamforming. This algorithm does not need the knowledge of a reference signal and effectively solves the phase ambiguity problem in AoA estimation inherent to the practical subarray configuration. The performance of the proposed DBS algorithms is demonstrated by simulations. © 2009 IEEE.

Iacopi, F, Rooyackers, R, Loo, R, Vanherle, W, Milenin, A, Arstila, K, Verhulst, A, Takeuchi, S, Bender, H, Caymax, M, Hantschel, T, Vandooren, A, Vereecken, PM, De Gendt, S & Heyns, M 1970, 'Seedless Templated Growth of Hetero-Nanostructures for Novel Microelectronics Devices', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 37-42.
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AbstractThe feasibility of a templated seedless approach for growing segmented p-i-n nanowires –based diodes based on selective epitaxial growth is demonstrated. Such diodes are the basic structure for a TunnelFET device. This approach has the potential for being easily scalable at a full-wafer processing, and there is no theoretical limitation for control on nanowires growth and properties when scaling down their diameters, as opposed to an unconstrained vapor-liquid-solid growth. Moreover, Si/SixGe1-x hetero-structures are implemented, showing that this can improve the TFET ON current not only thanks to the lowered barrier for the band-to-band source-channel tunneling, but additionally thanks to its lower thermal budget for growth, allowing for better control of the abruptness of the doping profile at the source-channel tunneling interface.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, T, Liu, R, Nanda, P & He, S 1970, 'A Frame Work for Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection Model', The sixth annual CSIRO ICT Centre Science and Engineering Conference, Centre Science and Engineering Conference, CSIRO, Australian Technology Park, NSW, Australia, pp. 109-110.
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The growth of Internet offers quality and convenience to human life, but at the same time provides a platform for hackers and criminals. The Internet security hence becomes an important issue. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is designed to detect intrusion and also to prevent a system from being compromised. In this paper, we present a novel Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection (GSAD) model. GSAD employs pattern recognition techniques previously used in human detection [2}.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, Z, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, R 1970, 'Intrusion Detection Using Geometrical Structure', 2009 Fourth International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology, 2009 Fourth International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology (FCST), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 327-333.
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We propose a statistical model, namely Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection (GSAD) to detect intrusion using the packet payload in the network. GSAD takes into account the correlations among the packet payload features arranged in a geometrical structure. The representation is based on statistical analysis of Mahalanobis distances among payload features, which calculate the similarity of new data against precomputed profile. It calculates weight factor to determine anomaly in the payload. In the 1999 DARPA intrusion detection evaluation data set, we conduct several tests for limited attacks on port 80 and port 25. Our approach establishes and identifies the correlation among packet payloads in a network. © 2009 IEEE.

Jirabhorn Chaiwongsai, Werapon Chiracharit, Kosin Chamnongthai & Yoshikazu Miyanaga 1970, 'An architecture of HMM-based isolated-word speech recognition with tone detection function', 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2008), IEEE.
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Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA, Agrawal, A, Tanvir, H & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Defect-core PCF with metal coated central air-hole for THz propagation', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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A rigorous finite element analysis on a new Teflon PCF with metal coated central air-hole shows the formation a Surface Plasmon assisted fundamental mode with controllable modal properties for THz sensing application. © 2008 Optical Society of America.

Khan, MAY & Veitch, D 1970, 'Isolating Physical PER for Smart Rate Selection in 802.11', IEEE INFOCOM 2009, 2009 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1080-1088.
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Ki, SK & Lu, DDC 1970, 'Averaged small-signal modeling of a non-isolated single-stage single-switch AC/DC converter', 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009), IEEE, pp. 304-308.
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A transformerless single-stage single-switch AC/DC converter was reported and analyzed recently. The converter features high power factor capability, high conversion efficiency, reduced voltage stress on bulk capacitor, low manufacturing cost and small in size. In this paper, its averaged small signal model is analyzed and presented for the control purpose. By applying small ac signal perturbations and statespace averaging technique, the crucial dynamic transfer functions are derived. Bode plots of the transfer functions are also given for designing the controller. The experimental results validate the model and show in good agreement.

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Design of variable wordlength Viterbi decoder in BICM-OFDM systems', 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Koppi, T, Sheard, J, Naghdy, F, Chicharo, J, Edwards, SL, Brookes, W & Wilson, D 1970, 'What our ICT graduates really need from us: A perspective from the workplace', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 101-109.
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A national Discipline-Based Initiative (DBI) project for Information and Communications Technology (ICT), funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council, has sought the opinions of recent graduates of ICT in the workplace to help inform the curriculum. An online survey was devised to question graduates on workplace requirements and university preparation for abilities categorized as: personal/interpersonal; cognitive; business and technical. The graduates in employment have highlighted broad mismatches between the requirements of their professional work in these categories and the preparation for employment they received from university. A regression analysis was used to determine influences on graduates' opinions of the preparation they received at university. The quantitative and qualitative results from this survey could have far-reaching consequences for ICT education and this initiative will enable the development of curricula that ensures graduates are equipped with the skills required by the ICT industry. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Kusakunniran, W, Li, H & Zhang, J 1970, 'A Direct Method to Self-Calibrate a Surveillance Camera by Observing a Walking Pedestrian', 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 250-255.
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Recent efforts show that it is possible to calibrate a surveillance camera simply from observing a walking human. This procedure can be seen as a special application of the camera self-calibration technique. Several methods have been proposed along this

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Li, H & Zhang, J 1970, 'Automatic Gait Recognition Using Weighted Binary Pattern on Video', 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Genoa, Italy, pp. 49-54.
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Human identification by recognizing the spontaneous gait recorded in real-world setting is a tough and not yet fully resolved problem in biometrics research. Several issues have contributed to the difficulties of this task. They include various poses, different clothes, moderate to large changes of normal walking manner due to carrying diverse goods when walking, and the uncertainty of the environments where the people are walking. In order to achieve a better gait recognition, this paper proposes a new method based on Weighted Binary Pattern (WBP). WBP first constructs binary pattern from a sequence of aligned silhouettes. Then, adaptive weighting technique is applied to discriminate significances of the bits in gait signatures. Being compared with most of existing methods in the literatures, this method can better deal with gait frequency, local spatial-temporal human pose features, and global body shape statistics. The proposed method is validated on several well known benchmark databases. The extensive and encouraging experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high accuracy, but with low complexity and computational time. © 2009 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Li, H & Zhang, J 1970, 'Multiple views gait recognition using View Transformation Model based on optimized Gait Energy Image', 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 1058-1064.
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Gait is one of well recognized biometrics that has been widely used for human identification. However, the current gait recognition might have difficulties due to viewing angle being changed. This is because the viewing angle under which the gait signature database was generated may not be the same as the viewing angle when the probe data are obtained. This paper proposes a new multi-view gait recognition approach which tackles the problems mentioned above. Being different from other approaches of same category, this new method creates a so called View Transformation Model (VTM) based on spatial-domain Gait Energy Image (GEI) by adopting Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique. To further improve the performance of the proposed VTM, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used to optimize the obtained GEI feature vectors. When implementing SVD there are a few practical problems such as large matrix size and over-fitting. In this paper, reduced SVD is introduced to alleviate the effects caused by these problems. Using the generated VTM, the viewing angles of gallery gait data and probe gait data can be transformed into the same direction. Thus, gait signatures can be measured without difficulties. The extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the multiple view gait recognition performance when being compared to the similar methods in literature. ©2009 IEEE.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'A New Differential Evolution with Wavelet Theory Based Mutation Operation', 2009 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-5, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Trondheim, NORWAY, pp. 1116-1122.
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Laird, I, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'High-gain switched-coupled-inductor boost converter', 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009), IEEE, pp. 423-428.
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When a low voltage DC power source is used, a DC-DC converter with a high step-up voltage gain is required to raise the voltage to more applicable levels. This is typically achieved in classical converters which often have to be driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) waves with extremely high duty cycles. Although theoretically step-up converters can achieve an infinite gain as the duty cycle approaches unity, in reality the gain will peak due to losses in the converter. Increasing the duty cycle beyond this point will only degrade the voltage gain. A solution to this problem is to use a converter that will produce the desired gain at a smaller duty cycle. This paper proposes replacing the inductor in the classical boost converter with a switched-coupled-inductor (SCL) configuration in order to achieve high gains with moderate duty cycles. Mathematical analysis is presented along with selected experimental results to support the theoretical considerations.

Lakanchanh, D, Yoshizawa, S, Noppanakeepong, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Histogram compensation to improve blind modulation detection in adaptive OFDM', 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2009), IEEE.
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Lawrence, E, Loke, L, Raban, R, Brookes, W & Aubrey, T 1970, 'Towards an Understanding of Collaboration in Teaching Technology Subjects in an Amalgamated Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE, HYBRID, AND ON-LINE LEARNING (ELML), International Conference on Mobile, Hybrid, and On-Line Learning, IEEE Computer Society Conference Publications, Cancun, Mexico, pp. 47-52.
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The paper sets out a collaborative approach for teaching technology subjects. It Illustrates the benefits of this approach over the single academic owning a particular subject. The paper presents preliminary findings from interviews with academics in a newly combined Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology. It concludes by pointing the way to the future of htis funded research project.

Lawrence, E, Navarro, KF, Hoang, D, Lim, YY & IEEE 1970, 'Data Collection, Correlation and Dissemination of Medical Sensor Information in a WSN', ICNS: 2009 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING AND SERVICES, International Conference on Networking and Services, IEEE, Valencia, Spain, pp. 402-408.
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This paper describes the development of a Wireless Sensor Network personal health monitoring system called Medical MoteCare which uses a combination of medical and environmental sensors. SNMP and CodeBlue agents are incorporated in the system as is the network management software JaguarSX. Network management models and tools provide an alternative, scalable and affordable solution to WSN health monitoring applications that allow for data storage correlation and dissemination as well as timely alerts when parameters are breached. This work forms part of a large grant aimed at providing assistive healthcare for the elderly.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, V & Barin, E 1970, 'Trial Results of a Novel Cardiac Rhythm Management System Using Smart Phones and Wireless ECG Sensors', AMBIENT ASSISTIVE HEALTH AND WELLNESS MANAGEMENT IN THE HEART OF THE CITY, PROCEEDING, International Conference On Smart homes and health Telematics, LNCS Springer, Tours, France, pp. 32-39.
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This paper discusses the trial results of a personalised Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) system using a smart phone (PDA) and a wireless ECG sensor. The system is used in a trial to record and diagnose abnormal cardiac arrhythmias. This novel approach uses standard mobile phones, off-the-shelf ECG sensors and personalised feedback to the patient when compared to a conventional clinical Holter and event monitor systems. The preliminary results are discussed of an ongoing trial conducted with the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney Australia. The results indicate the viability of the system for commercial purposes.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC, Lawrence, EM & Barin, E 1970, 'A PDA-based software interface for remote vital sign monitoring: initial clinical experience', Europace 2009 Vol 11 (suppl 1) Pg 163, CardioRhythm, Europace, Hong Kong, pp. 163-164.

Lezana, P, Aguilera, R & Quevedo, D 1970, 'Steady-state issues with finite control set model predictive control', 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), IEEE, pp. 1776-1781.
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Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) is a novel and promising control scheme for power converters and drives. Many practical and theoretical issues have been presented in the literature, showing good performance of this technique. The present work deals with one of the most relevant aspects of any controller, namely, the steady-state operation. As will be shown, basic FCS-MPC formulations can be enhanced to achieve a zero average steady-state error. We focus on a simple H-Bridge power converter with two complementary switches and discuss benefits and drawbacks of our proposal. ©2009 IEEE.

Li, W & Hoang, D 1970, 'A New Security Scheme for E-health System', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Baltimore, Maryland USA, pp. 361-366.
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Security is a critical requirement for the e-health system because the patient's sensitive information can be accessed remotely and this makes the entire system vulnerable to malicious attacks. In this paper, we present a novel role-interaction-organization security model and apply it to the e-health system which is modeled as a multi-agent system. The roles in our proposed model do not only determine access rights passively, but also initiate requests to interact dynamically with the agents who meet the security requirements. The interaction and the organization models help to identify the actions and responsibilities that a role can assume in the system within the organization and any dynamic interactions it can partake. A simple case from the e-health system is given to illustrate the application of the model. ©2009 IEEE.

Li, Y, Yang, Q, Liu, H, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Study on a wind-solar complementary power inverter', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 159-162.
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This paper studies a wind-solar complementary singlephase sine wave power inverter, including the hardware structure, operating principle, and method to the charging and discharging design. A dual-level three-state intelligent float charging based on PIC single chip control is brought forward for combining the special characteristics of wind-solar energy system. It helps the automatic transfer between charging and discharging and active protection of the battery. Unattended wind-solar complementary power system is achieved. With the help of reasonable calculation and simulation analysis, the final parameters are determined. A prototype of 500W/220V/50Hz single-phase sine wave power inverter has been fabricated. Through the model experiment the output voltage waveforms are found in conformity at both no-load and full-load, and the THD is very low. Therefore, the workability and validity are proved.

Li, Y, Yang, Q, Wang, Y, Sun, J, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z, Xu, W & Wang, Y 1970, 'Improved measurement of three-dimensional magnetic properties of SMC material', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 155-158.
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An improved three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic property measurement system, which can indirectly measure the magnetic field strength H vector in a cubic sample of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material by controlling the three components of the magnetic flux density B vectors, has been developed and calibrated. This paper especially describes the improved structure of the sample with H and B sensing coils, and deals with the magnetic compensation problem. The relationship between the B vector and H vector has been measured under alternating and rotating flux conditions by using the 3-D magnetic measuring system, and the core loss features have been analyzed when the B loci are controlled as circles with increasing magnitudes and ellipses evolving from a straight line to circle in three orthogonal planes.

Lin Luo, Jian Zhang & Zhenning Shi 1970, 'MIMO Quadrature-OFDMA systems', 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2009), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 2739-2743.
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Lin, AT-H, Lee, JE-Y, Yan, J & Seshia, AA 1970, 'Enhanced transduction methods for electrostatically driven MEMS resonators', TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, IEEE.
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Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & Chan, KY 1970, 'A New Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Neural Network Optimization', NSS: 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK AND SYSTEM SECURITY, International Conference on network and System Security, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 516-521.
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This paper presents a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for tuning parameters (weights) of neural networks. The new PSO algorithm is called fuzzy logic-based particle swarm optimization with cross-mutated operation (FPSOCM), where the fuzzy inference system is applied to determine the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the proposed cross-mutated operation by using human knowledge. By introducing the fuzzy system, the value of the inertia weight becomes variable. The cross-mutated operation is effectively force the solution to escape the local optimum. Tuning parameters (weights) of neural networks is presented using the FPSOCM. Numerical example of neural network is given to illustrate that the performance of the FPSOCM is good for tuning the parameters (weights) of neural networks. © 2009 IEEE.

Liu, RP, Sutton, G & Collings, IB 1970, 'A 3-D Markov Chain Queueing Model of IEEE 802.11 DCF with Finite Buffer and Load', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 5320-+.
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Liuming Guo, Ningning Guo, Shuhong Wang, Jie Qiu, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo & Yi Wang 1970, 'Optimization for capacitor-driven coilgun based on equivalent circuit model and genetic algorithm', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 234-239.
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This paper presents an analysis and optimal design of a capacitor-driven inductive coilgun. The electromagnetic FEA model of the capacitor-driven inductance coilgun is established and simulated by using Ansoft. In order to speed up the optimization, an equivalent circuit is designed for simulation of the performances of coilgun. A piece-wise model of projectile is built to account for the eddy current. The simulated results are compared with the modeling of FEA value to verify the developed circuit model. It shows that the results are in a good agreement. The optimization of coilgun is achieved by employing the genetic algorithm (GA) based on the circuit model. It is suggested that the proposed algorithm achieves a better result in the energy efficiency of the coilgun system, and obtain a higher muzzle velocity of the projectile.

Lowe, D, Murray, S & Kong, X 1970, 'USING SYNCHRONIZED LIGHTWEIGHT STATE OBSERVERS TO MINIMISE WIRELESS SENSOR RESOURCE UTILISATION', WINSYS 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS, International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems, INSTICC - Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication, Milan, Italy, pp. 5-12.
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A major trend in the evolution of the Web is the rapidly growing numbers of web-enabled sensors which provide a rich ability to monitor and control our physical environment. The devices are often cheap, lightweight, rapidly deployed and densely interconnected. The current dominant models of Web-based data monitoring are not well-adapted to the operational needs of these devices, particularly in terms of resource utilization. In this paper we describe an approach to the optimization of the resources utilized by these devices based on the use of synchronized state-observers. By embedding state observers with a minimized footprint into both the sensors and the monitoring Web client, we show that it is possible to minimize the utilization of limited sensor resources such as power and bandwidth, and hence to improve the performance and potential applications of these devices.

Lowe, D, Murray, S & Kong, X 1970, 'Using synchronized lightweight state observers to minimise wireless sensor resource utilisation', WINSYS 2009 - International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems, Proceedings, pp. 5-12.
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A major trend in the evolution of the Web is the rapidly growing numbers of web-enabled sensors which provide a rich ability to monitor and control our physical environment. The devices are often cheap, lightweight, rapidly deployed and densely interconnected. The current dominant models of Web-based data monitoring are not well-adapted to the operational needs of these devices, particularly in terms of resource utilization. In this paper we describe an approach to the optimization of the resources utilized by these devices based on the use of synchronized state-observers. By embedding state observers with a minimized footprint into both the sensors and the monitoring Web client, we show that it is possible to minimize the utilization of limited sensor resources such as power and bandwidth, and hence to improve the performance and potential applications of these devices.

Maimour, M, Pham, C & Hoang, D 1970, 'A Congestion Control Framework for Handling Video Surveillance Traffics on WSN', 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, IEEE, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 943-948.
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This paper focuses on congestion control but while previous works considered scalar sensor nodes which only report events in the size of a few bytes, we are addressing congestion control for information-intensive flows such as video flows for surveillance applications in pervasive wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed framework that we describe in order to efficiently handle information-intensive flows in a WSN. This work addresses congestion control with a multi-path routing facility. Next, an efficient congestion detection is proposed as the radio medium is most likely to introduce packet losses due to contention on the radio channel, and not only because of buffer overflow. Then a light-weight load repartition mechanism sits on top in order to take advantages to the path diversity, keeping as long as possible the sending rate constant thus keeping the video quality as high as possible. Simulations are performed in order to get insights into the performances of our proposals.

McGloin, D, Guillon, M, Rudd, D, Burnham, DR, Summers, MD, Firmin, J, Butler, JR, Wills, JB, Mitchem, L, Meresman, H, Reid, JP & Sheridan, A 1970, 'Towards airborne optofluidics', 2009 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies, 2009 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT 2009), IEEE, pp. 404-408.
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This paper details progress towards the possibility of creating integrated optical devices capable of manipulating and analyzing airborne particles in the form of aerosols. We also describe work designed to look at the possibility of controlling optical cavities created using liquid aerosols using light. © 2009 IEEE.

McGloin, D, Guillon, M, Rudd, D, Burnham, DR, Summers, MD, Firmin, J, Butler, JR, Wills, JB, Mitchem, L, Meresman, H, Reid, JP & Sheridan, A 1970, 'Towards Airborne Optofluidics Optical Manipulation Techniques for Airborne Particles', ISOT: 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OPTOMECHATRONIC TECHNOLOGIES, International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies, IEEE, Istanbul, TURKEY, pp. 394-+.

Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Deterministic Initialization of Hidden Markov Models for Human Action Recognition', 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 188-195.
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Human action recognition is often approached in terms of probabilistic models such as the hidden Markov model or other graphical models. When learning such models by way of Expectation- Maximisation algorithms, arbitrary choices must be made for their initial parameters. Often, solutions for the selection of the initial parameters are based on random functions. However, in this paper, we argue that deterministic alternatives are preferable, and propose various methods. Experiments on a video dataset prove that the deterministic initialization is capable of achieving an accuracy that is comparable to or above the average from random initializations and suffers from no deviation thanks to its deterministic nature. The methods proposed naturally extend to be used with other graphical models such as dynamic Bayesian networks and conditional random fields.

Mohamed Mowjoon, D, Agbinya, JI & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'Replicating Cytokines in Modelling Signal Exchange between Nodes in Wireless Mesh Networks', The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2009, IAENG International Conference on Communication Systems and Applications, Newswood Limited, International Association of Engineers, Regal Kowloon Hotel, Kowloon, Hong Kong, pp. 315-318.
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In recent years wireless mesh network (WMN) technologies and their applications have been actively researched and developed as the promising solution for future wireless mobile networks. Conversely security of WMN is often a secondary reflection in development. In our previous work we proposed Artificial Immune System model to employ in secure routing in WMN. This paper proposes an emerging perception to model danger signal exchange between nodes in WMN by emulating the function of Cytokines in Human Immune System (HIS).

More, FJ, Weng, K, Mclean, P & Su, S 1970, 'Analysis of nonlinear and linear behaviors of heart rate for running exercise', 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE, Xi'an, China, pp. 3920-3925.
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This study investigates the nonlinear/linear behaviors of human heart rate response to treadmill exercise, for young and healthy subjects. The heart rate of the subject is measured, starting at a speed of 7 km/h, and increasing until the maximum heart rate for the subject is reached. The obtained nonlinear model is complicated and is not robust. Furthermore, sustained exercise at maximum heart rate is not always safe. For these reasons, this is not a suitable method for running exercise. Instead, we develop simple linear models for the same speed range, which is suitable for treadmill running exercise. We also propose a new model, called 'H model', to predict the percentage of heart rate reserve during running exercise. It has been proven that the presented model can predict the percentage change of heart rate for running exercise in the identified linear response range. © 2009 IEEE.

Nguyen, DHN, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 1970, 'A Novel Power Allocation Scheme for Distributed Space-Time Coding', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 4097-+.
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Nguyen, DHN, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Distributed Beamforming in Relay-Assisted Multiuser Communications', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 2956-+.
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Nguyen, N, Nguyen, HT & Su, S 1970, 'Robust multivariable strategy and its application to a powered wheelchair', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 7114-7117.
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The paper proposes a systematic robust multivariable control strategy based on combination of systematic triangularization technique and robust control strategies. Two design stages are required. In the first design stage, multivariable control problem is reduced into a series of scalar control problems via triangularization technique. For each specific scalar system, two advanced control strategies are proposed and implemented in the second design stage. The first one is based on Model Predictive Control, which is an iterative, finite horizon optimization procedure. The second control strategy is known as Neuro-Sliding Mode Control, which integrates Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Neural Network Design to achieve both chattering-free and system robustness. Real-time implementation on a powered wheelchair system confirms that robustness and desired performance of a multivariable system under model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances can indeed be achieved by the combination of triangularization technique and Neuro-Sliding Mode Control. ©2009 IEEE.

Ni, W & Collings, IB 1970, 'Centralized Inter-Network Spectrum Sharing with Opportunistic Frequency Reuse', GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 2323-2328.
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Nutthacha Prukkanon, Kosin Chamnongthai, Yoshikazu Miyanaga & Kohji Higuchi 1970, 'VT-AMDF, a pitch detection algorithm', 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2009), IEEE.
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Otoom, AF, Concha, OP, Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Mixtures of Normalized Linear Projections', ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR INTELLIGENT VISION SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, Springer, Bordeaux, France, pp. 66-76.
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High dimensional spaces pose a challenge to any classification task. In fact, these spaces contain much redundancy and it becomes crucial to reduce the dimensionality of the data to improve analysis, density modeling, and classification. In this paper, we present a method for dimensionality reduction in mixture models and its use in classification. For each component of the mixture, the data are projected by a linear transformation onto a lower-dimensional space. Subsequently, the projection matrices and the densities in such compressed spaces are learned by means of an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. However, two main issues arise as a result of implementing this approach, namely: 1) the scale of the densities can be different across the mixture components and 2) a singularity problem may occur. We suggest solutions to these problems and validate the proposed method on three image data sets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The classification performance is compared with that of a mixture of probabilistic principal component analysers (MPPCA). Across the three data sets, our accuracy always compares favourably, with improvements ranging from 2.5% to 35.4%. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Chunhua Shen & Jian Zhang 1970, 'Efficiently training a better visual detector with sparse eigenvectors', 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Miami, FL, pp. 1129-1136.
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Face detection plays an important role in many vision applications. Since Viola and Jones [1] proposed the first real-time AdaBoost based object detection system, much ef- fort has been spent on improving the boosting method. In this work, we first show

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Chunhua Shen & Zhang, J 1970, 'Efficiently training a better visual detector with sparse eigenvectors', 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops), IEEE.
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Park, M, Jin, JS, Xu, M, Wong, WSF, Luo, S & Cui, Y 1970, 'Microscopic image segmentation based on color pixels classification', Proceedings of the First International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ICIMCS '09: The First International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ACM, pp. 53-59.
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The computer-assisted microscopy systems can increase the accuracy of the analysis. To guarantee correct results in computer-assisted microscopy, accurate nuclei segmentation is crucially important since images segmentation is the first step towards image understanding and image analysis. In this paper, we present clustering techniques to segment homogeneous clusters in RGB color space and then label each cluster as a different region. According to the evaluation process, 97% of nuclei pixels were correctly delineated with our algorithm and on average 90% of nuclei were correctly detected. Our methods could be of value to computer-based systems designed to objectively interpret microscopic images by accurate nuclei segmentation. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Pasha, SA & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Nonlinear filtering for continuous-time systems using the linear fractional transformation model', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 3289-3292.
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In this paper, we propose Bayesian filtering technique for continuous-time dynamical models with sampled-data measurements using the linear fractional transformation (LFT) model which transforms the nonlinear state space model into an exact equivalent linear model with a simple nonlinear feedback loop. The linear model is amenable to Euler discretization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filtering technique gives better approximation and tracking performance than the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) which diverges for highly nonlinear problems. ©2009 IEEE.

Pasha, SA, Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 1970, 'The LFT based PHD filter for nonlinear jump Markov models in multi-target tracking', Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference, 2009 Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 5478-5483.
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Pham, TQ, Perry, SW & Fletcher, PA 1970, 'Paper Fingerprinting Using alpha-Masked Image Matching', 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, IEEE, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 439-446.
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Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Power Allocation in Wireless Relay Networks with Partial Channel State Information', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 3739-+.
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Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH, Nguyen, DHN & Tuan, HD 1970, 'MMSE Relaying and Power Allocation over Frequency-Selective Rayleigh Fading Channels', GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 2606-+.
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Phung, HM, Hoang, DB & Lawrence, E 1970, 'A Front-End for Collaborative Task Planning on the Grid', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Maryland, USA, pp. 292-299.
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Grid systems allow the sharing of distributed resources of registered participants to perform tasks whose demand may exceed the capacity of individual participating organization. However, the collaborative aspect of Grids is still underdeveloped as they lack features and mechanisms for interaction and collaboration. This paper presents the design and development of an integrated Front-End as a workplace for collaborative task planning over a Grid. The Front-End allows parties to design their joint workplan interactively and collaboratively in real time in the form of editing activities and Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) workflows. The resulting workplan will be executed by the underlying Grid and forms a basis for further collaboration. The Front-End is in fact the centerpiece of our collaborative Framework within a larger Active Assistive Grid infrastructure. ©2009 IEEE.

Phung, HM, Hoang, DB & Lawrence, E 1970, 'A Novel Collaborative Grid Framework for Distributed Healthcare', CCGRID: 2009 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, IEEE International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, IEEE computer Society, Shanghai China, pp. 514-519.
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The increasing ageing population around the world presents an unprecedented challenge in developing economically viable healthcare systems for our societies. To overcome this challenge and maintain a decent level of healthcare, further innovation and deployment of information technologies in the field of healthcare are the keys. Our earlier work puts forward 'An Active Grid Infrastructure for Elderly Care' solution whereby elderly people are monitored non-intrusively to provide essential health information about them; the information concerning their condition is kept in an 'active' health record; and resources involved in the system can be shared by multiple caregivers or organizations allowing them to collaborate in developing relevant care programs for these elderly persons. This paper focuses on the design of the collaborative component of the solution. A framework is proposed for an integrated Grid system that supports collaborative task planning and workflow development. The system will enable healthcare professionals to access the necessary resources, collaborate with each other to develop and execute treatment workflows in a user-friendly and intuitive manner. The paper will discuss the requirements and design principles for key components of the system and present its preliminary implementation. © 2009 IEEE.

Pontt, J, Rodriguez, J, Martin, JS, Aguilera, R & Robles, H 1970, 'Dynamic and Steady Behavior of Harmonic Filter for Compensating Resonance in Mining Systems', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 342-347.
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Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 1970, 'New hybrid of PTS-CAPPR methods using GA for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems', 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 1114-1119.
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In this paper, we propose a new PAPR reduction by using the hybrid of partial transmit sequences (PTS) and cascade adaptive peak power reduction (CAPPR) methods with coded side information (SI) technique design by genetic algorithm(GA). These methods are used in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. The OFDM employs orthogonal subcarriers for data modulation. These sub-carriers unexpectedly present a large peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in some cases. A proposed reduction method consists of these two methods and realizes both advantages at the same time. In order to obtain the optimum condition on PTS for PAPR reduction, a quite large calculation cost must be demanded and thus it is impossible to obtain the optimum PTS. In the proposed method, by using the pseudo-optimum condition with a coded SI technique designed by GA, the total calculation cost becomes drastically reduced. In simulation results, the proposed method shows the improvement on PAPR and also reveals the high performance on bit error rate (BER) of an OFDM system. ©2009 IEEE.

Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 1970, 'Searching phase optimize in PTS-APPR method by GA for PAPR reduction in OFDM-WLAN systems', 2009 Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications, 2009 Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications (CITISIA), IEEE.
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Qin, PY, Weily, AR, Guo, YJ & Liang, CH 1970, 'A Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Folded Dipole Antenna', 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 2092-+.

Qin, PY, Weily, AR, Guo, YJ & Liang, CH 1970, 'A reconfigurable quasi-Yagi folded dipole antenna', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1-4.
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Ricciato, F, Coluccia, A, D'Alconzo, A, Veitch, D, Borgnat, P & Abry, P 1970, 'On the Role of Flows and Sessions in Internet Traffic Modeling: An Explorative Toy-Model', GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1-8.
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Richard Yi Da Xu & Kemp, M 1970, 'Multiple curvature based approach to human upper body parts detection with connected ellipse model fine-tuning', 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009, IEEE, pp. 2577-2580.
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In this paper, we discuss an effective method for detecting human upper body parts from a 2D image silhouette using curvature analysis and ellipse fitting. First we smooth the silhouette so that we can determine just the global features: the head, hands and armpits. Next we reduce the smoothing to detect the local features of the neck and elbows. We model the human upper body by multiple connected ellipses. Thus we segment the body by the extracted features. Ellipses are fitted to each segment. Lastly, we apply a non-linear least square method to minimize the differences between the connected ellipse model and the edge of the silhouette. ©2009 IEEE.

Ruo Du, Qiang Wu, Xiangjian He, Wenjing Jia & Daming Wei 1970, 'Facial expression recognition using histogram variances faces', 2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE, Snowbird, USA, pp. 341-347.
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In human's expression recognition, the representation of expression features is essential for the recognition accuracy. In this work we propose a novel approach for extracting expression dynamic features from facial expression videos. Rather than utilising statistical models e.g. Hidden Markov Model (HMM), our approach integrates expression dynamic features into a static image, the Histogram Variances Face (HVF), by fusing histogram variances among the frames in a video. The HVFs can be automatically obtained from videos with different frame rates and immune to illumination interference. In our experiments, for the videos picturing the same facial expression, e.g., surprise, happy and sadness etc., their corresponding HVFs are similar, even though the performers and frame rates are different. Therefore the static facial recognition approaches can be utilised for the dynamic expression recognition. We have applied this approach on the well-known Cohn-Kanade AU-Coded Facial Expression database then classified HVFs using PCA and Support Vector Machine (SVMs), and found the accuracy of HVFs classification is very encouraging. © 2009 IEEE.

Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Kirkham, R, Moorhead, G, Dunn, P, De Geronimo, G & Rosenfeld, AB 1970, 'SiPM based Detector Module and Digital Data Acquisition System for PET: Initial Results', 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5, IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009, IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 2679-2682.
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Shao, Z, Zhan, Y & Guo, Y 1970, 'Fuzzy neural network-based model reference adaptive inverse control for induction machines', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 56-59.
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In this paper, because the induction machines are described as the plants of highly nonlinear and parameters timevarying, in order to obtain a very well control performances that a conventional model reference adaptive inverse control (MRAIC) can not be gotten, a fuzzy neural network-based model reference adaptive inverse control strategy for induction motors is presented based on the rotor field oriented motion model of induction machines. The fuzzy neural network control (FNNC) is incorporated into the model reference adaptive control (MRAC), a fuzzy basis function network controller (FBNC) and a fuzzy neural network identifier (FNNI) for asynchronous motors adjustable speed system are designed. The proposed controller for asynchronous machines resolves the shortage of MRAC, and employs the advantages of FNNC and MRAC. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is of the feasibility, correctness and effectiveness.

Shingo Yoshizawa & Yoshikazu Miyanaga 1970, 'VLSI Implementation of a 4×4 MIMO-OFDM transceiver with an 80-MHz channel bandwidth', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE.
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Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Designing acoustic vector sensors for localisation of sound sources in air', European Signal Processing Conference, pp. 849-853.
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This paper investigates the design and application of an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS), traditionally used for underwater applications, for localisation of sound sources in air. The paper investigates the relationship between the design factors and the accuracy of Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimates for sources of varying frequency and compares the performance of an AVS with a Uniform Linear Array (ULA) of comparable size. Results show that the design of the AVS is critical in achieving polar responses that result in DOA estimates of high accuracy. For our proposed design, DOA estimates were found to be more accurate for a range of source frequencies when compared to an existing AVS design and were significantly more accurate than those obtained from a ULA of comparable size. © EURASIP, 2009.

Simoes, AM, Alazard, D, Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 1970, 'Lateral flight control design for a highly flexible aircraft using a nonsmooth method', Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference, 2009 Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC 2009), IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 696-701.
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Smith, D, Hanlen, L, Zhang, J, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 1970, 'Characterization of the Dynamic Narrowband On-Body to Off-Body Area Channel', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Smith, D, Hanlen, L, Zhang, JA, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2009, 'Characterization of the Dynamic Narrowband On-Body to Off-Body Area Channel', 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-8, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2009), IEEE, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 4207-+.

Smith, DB, Jian Zhang, Hanlen, LW, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 1970, 'A simulator for the dynamic on-body area propagation channel', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE, pp. 1-4.
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Smith, DB, Zhang, JA, Hanlen, LW, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 1970, 'A Simulator for the Dynamic On-Body Area Propagation Channel', 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, SC, N Charleston, pp. 1244-+.

Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Chen, W, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Multi-realization of nonlinear systems', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 48TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2009 HELD JOINTLY WITH THE 2009 28TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC/CCC 2009), IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 5901-5905.
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The system multi-realization problem is to find a state-variable realization for a set of systems, sharing as many parameters as possible. A multi-realization can be used to efficiently implement a multi-controller architecture for Multiple Model Adaptive Control (MMAC). We extend the linear multi-realization problem to nonlinear systems. The problem of minimal multi-realization of a set of MIMO systems is introduced and solved for feedback linearizable systems.

Su, SW, Nguyen, H, Jarman, R, Zhu, J, Lowe, D, McLean, P, Huang, S, Nguyen, NT, Nicholson, R & Weng, K 1970, 'Model predictive control of gantry crane with input nonlinearity compensation', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 312-316.
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This paper proposed a nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) method for the control of gantry crane. One of the main motivations to apply MPC to control gantry crane is based on its ability to handle control constraints for multivariable systems. A pre-compensator is constructed to compensate the input nonlinearity (nonsymmetric dead zone with saturation) by using its inverse function. By well tuning the weighting function matrices, the control system can properly compromise the control between crane position and swing angle. The proposed control algorithm was implemented for the control of gantry crane system in System Control Lab of University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), and achieved desired experimental results. © 2009 WASET.ORG.

Tan, Z, He, X & Nanda, P 1970, 'Web Service Locating Unit in RFID-Centric Anti-counterfeit System', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, IEEE, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, pp. 389-393.
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Abstract-The problem of piracy has disturbed people's daily life for hundreds of years and has not been relieved until now, though many existing anti-counterfeit solutions have been applied. However, due to the emergences of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technologies, there is a more reliable alternative solution to construct authentication system. On the other hand, there arises another issue of how to simplify the deployment of RFID-centric anti-counterfeit system over the Internet. In this article, we propose an approach, Web Service Locating Unit (WSLU), to achieve this goal to manage numbers of RFID-centric authentication services (relied on web services).

Thanigaivelan, B, Postula, A & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A modified MOSFET small-signal model based on affine arithmetic concepts', 2009 Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics & Electronics (PrimeAsia), Electronics (PrimeAsia), IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 73-76.
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Thi, TH, Lu, S, Zhang, J, Cheng, L & Wang, L 1970, 'Human Body Articulation for Action Recognition in Video Sequences', 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Genova, pp. 92-97.
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This paper presents a new technique for action recognition in video using human body part-based approach, combining both local feature description of each body part, and global graphical model structure of the human action. The human body is divided into elementary points from which a Decomposable Triangulated Graph will be built. The temporal variation of human activity is encoded in the velocity distribution of each node in the graph, while the graph structure shows the spatial configuration of all the nodes in the action. Tracking trajectories of unlabeled good feature points are correctly labeled using Maximum a Posterior probability. Dynamic Programming is then implemented to boost up the exhaustive search for the optimal labeling of unknown body parts and the best possible action. A simple and efficient technique for building the optimal structure of the human action graph is also implemented. Experimental results on the KTH dataset proves the success and potential applications of this proposed technique. © 2009 IEEE.

Thiruvenkatanathan, P, Yan, J, Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 1970, 'Enhancing parametric sensitivity using mode localization in electrically coupled MEMS resonators', TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, IEEE.
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Thomas-Kerr, J, Ritz, C & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Semantic-aware delivery of multimedia', 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology. ISCIT 2009, IEEE, pp. 1498-1503.
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This paper describes a system that is able to take arbitrary semantic metadata, and utilize it in the multimedia delivery decision-making process. Format independence is achieved using schema languages to describe the details of any given content or metadata, so that declarative mapping rules can be specified for translating from format-specific data points to format-independent concepts that are directly used by the framework. The system utilizes the criterion of "semantic-distortion", as an extension of Rate-Distortion Optimization based multimedia delivery. Several short video clips were encoded using H.264/SVC scalable video coding, and Scalable-To-Lossless (SLS) audio coding and adapted to four target bit rates. Subjective tests found a 72% preference for those clips which had been adapted so as to devote more bandwidth to the semantically important parts of the content when compared with standard objective-based bit-rate adaptation. ©2009 IEEE.

Tran, LC, Mertins, A, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 1970, 'Unitary differential space-time-frequency codes for MB-OFDM UWB', 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 1161-1166.
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In a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) system, coherent detection where the channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be exactly known at the receiver requires the transmission of a large number of symbols for channel estimation, thus reducing the bandwidth efficiency. This paper examines the use of unitary differential space-time frequency codes (DSTFCs) in MB-OFDM UWB, which increases the system bandwidth efficiency due to the fact that no CSI is required for differential detection. The proposed DSTFC MB-OFDM system would be useful when the transmission of multiple channel estimation symbols is impractical or uneconomical. Simulation results show that the application of DSTFCs can significantly improve the bit error performance of conventional differential MB-OFDM system (without MIMO). ©2009 IEEE.

Tran, LC, Mertins, A, Huang, X & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Novel cooperative communication schemes for Space-Time-Frequency Coded MB-OFDM UWB', 2009 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2009 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2009), IEEE, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Cooperative communication has been intensively considered for general wireless and sensor networks. However, it has been almost untouched in Space-Time-Frequency Coded Multi-band OFDM Ultra-Wideband (STFC MB-OFDM UWB) systems. This paper thus proposes two cross-layer designs for cooperative communication, namely Simple Cooperative Communication Scheme (SCCS) and Advanced Cooperative Communication Scheme (ACCS), in slow fading scenarios. In the former, nodes always cooperate with one another despite the possibly erroneous reception at the partner nodes, while in the latter, nodes cooperate only in the case of successful reception. Simulations show that these schemes may considerably improve the performance of STFC MB-OFDM UWB without any increase of transmission power. © 2009 IEEE.

Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Mutual information-based optimal training design for spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM', 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2009), IEEE, Kanazawa, JAPAN, pp. 13-16.
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Tuan, HD, Luong, V-J & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Optimization of training sequences for spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2681-2684.
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The optimal training sequence for channel estimation in spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems has not been found for an arbitrary signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Only one class o

Vafi, S, Wysocki, T & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Serially Concatenated Turbo Codes', 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-4.
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The paper presents a new scheme of concatenated codes, referred to as serially concatenated turbo (SCT) codes. The code is constructed as the serial combinations of two turbo codes, i.e. turbo recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes and turbo Bose Ray Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, linked by a pseudo-random interleaver. In comparison with the conventional turbo RSC codes, SCT codes have higher minimum distance values. Based on conducted simulations, it is found that SCT codes outperform turbo RSC codes at the waterfall and error floor regions, while they require reasonable number of iterations at their iterative decoding structure to achieve good performance.

Vafi, S, Wysocki, T, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'Serially Concatenated Turbo Codes', 2009 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING, VOLS 1-8, 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 521-524.

Veitch, D, Augustin, B, Teixeira, R & Friedman, T 1970, 'Failure Control in Multipath Route Tracing', IEEE INFOCOM 2009, 2009 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1395-1403.
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Vezzani, R, Piccardi, M & Cucchiara, R 1970, 'An efficient Bayesian framework for on-line action recognition', 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009, IEEE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 3553-3556.
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On-line action recognition from a continuous stream of actions is still an open problem with fewer solutions proposed compared to time-segmented action recognition. The most challenging task is to classify the current action while finding its time boundaries at the same time. In this paper we propose an approach capable of performing on-line action segmentation and recognition by means of batteries of HMM taking into account all the possible time boundaries and action classes. A suitable Bayesian normalization is applied to make observation sequences of different length comparable and computational optimizations are introduce to achieve real-time performances. Results on a well known action dataset prove the efficacy of the proposed method.

Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Safaei, F 1970, 'OLSR-R³: Optimised link state routing with reactive route recovery', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, pp. 359-362.
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The optimised link state routing (OLSR) is a proactive routing protocol which relies on periodical broadcast of routing packets. However, due to the one-to-many relationship of broadcast traffic, the delivery of these packets can not be guaranteed by underlying MAC protocol, particularly in a congested condition. In this paper, the possible routing pathologies and failures of OLSR in a congested network are explored. In addition, a hybrid routing protocol which integrates OLSR with Reactive Route Recovery (OLSR-R3) is proposed to rectify the erratic routing behaviour described in this paper. Simulation studies are presented which show that the proposed solution is effective in addressing the underlining problems.

Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'Characterising the Behaviour of IEEE 802.11 Broadcast Transmissions in Ad Hoc Wireless LANs', 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-8, IEEE International Confernece on Communications, IEEE, Dresden, Germany, pp. 4934-4938.
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This paper evaluates the performance of the IEEE 802.11 broadcast traffic under both saturation and non-saturation conditions. The evaluation highlights some important characteristics of IEEE 802.11 broadcast traffic as compared to corresponding unicast traffic. Moreover, it underlines the inaccuracy of the broadcast saturation model proposed by Ma and Chen due to the absence of backoff counter freeze process when channel is busy. Computer simulations are used to validate the accuracy of the new model and demonstrate the importance of capturing the freezing of backoff counter in the analytical study of IEEE 802.11 broadcast.

Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'End-to-End Path Stability of Reactive Routing Protocols in IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks', 2009 IEEE 34TH CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS (LCN 2009), IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 499-505.
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Over the years, a considerable research effort has been applied to the design of ad hoc network routing protocols. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the subtle interactions between routing protocols and lower layers in the protocol stack. In this paper, the instability which may arise when reactive routing protocols interact with the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is investigated. In particular, several erratic behaviours of the Ad hod On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in a congested IEEE 802.11 ad hoc network are demonstrated. A cross-layer solution is proposed based on an Adaptive Bulk Trigger policy and a Dynamic Window Selection scheme. Simulation studies are presented which show that the proposed solution is effective in alleviating erratic behaviour of AODV and improving the end-to-end path stability.

Wang, W, Shen, C, Zhang, J & Paisitkriangkrai, S 1970, 'A Two-Layer Night-Time Vehicle Detector', 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 162-167.
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We present a two-layer night time vehicle detector in this work. At the first layer, vehicle headlight detection [1, 2, 3] is applied to find areas (bounding boxes) where the possible pairs of headlights locate in the image, the Haar feature based AdaBoo

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Initial rotor position and magnet polarity identification of PM synchronous machines based on numerical simulation', AUPEC'09 - 19th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Systems, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper a comprehensive nonlinear model of surface mounted permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machine (SPMSM) is developed considering both the structural and saturation saliencies. After experimentally identifying all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSM is built, in which the rotor position and stator current are taken as the variables to calculate the inductances. A pulse injection based scheme is proposed to detect the initial rotor position and magnet polarity. A rotor vibration analysis is carried out to finalize the injected signal. The saturation saliency embedded in the nonlinear model is utilized to identify the rotor polarity, which is essential for starting the SPMSM. Simulations are taken for several different rotor initial positions and the result shows that the proposed method is suitable for the SPMSM drive.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, S, Xu, W & Li, Y 1970, 'Simulation of sensorless drive for surface mounted PM machine based on comprehensive machine model', 2009 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2009 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1-4.
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In this paper a comprehensive mathematical model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is developed, in which the nonlinear inductance is expressed a composite function of the rotor position and the stator current. With all the parameters identified experimentally, the new model incorporates both the structural and the saturation saliencies. A sensorless drive system is proposed and simulated based on the comprehensive mathematical model. High frequency carrier signals are injected to the stator windings to detect the rotor axis position and additional DC voltage pulses are added to identify the rotor magnetic polarity based on the saturation effect in the stator core. With the estimated rotor position information, the SPMSM drive system is developed based on the vector control and simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, S, Xu, W & Li, Y 1970, 'Simulation of Sensorless Drive for Surface Mounted PM Machine Based on Comprehensive Machine Model', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, 12th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Tokyo, JAPAN, pp. 609-+.

Wei Xu, Jianguo Zhu, Longcheng Tan, Youguang Guo, Shuhong Wang & Yi Wang 1970, 'Optimal design of a linear induction motor applied in transportation', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology - (ICIT), IEEE, Gippsland, Australia, pp. 790-795.
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Several optimal design schemes of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) adopted in linear metro are presented in this paper. Firstly, the equivalent circuit of SLIM fully considering the end effects, half-filled slots, back-iron saturation and skin effect is proposed, based on one-dimensional air-gap magnetic equations. In the circuit, several coefficients including longitudinal end effect coefficients Kr(s) and Kx(s), transversal end edge effect coefficients Cr(s) and Cx(s), and skin effect coefficient Kf are achieved by using the dummy electric potential method and complex power equivalence between primary and secondary sides. Furthermore, several optimal design restraint equations of SLIM are provided in order to improve the operational efficiency and reduce the primary weight. These nonlinear equations are solved by using genetic algorithm and mixture penalty function method. The optimal schemes are compared with the original design of one company, where analysis on parameters is made in detail. These results show that the optimal schemes are reasonable for improving the performance of SLIM.

Wei Xu, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Longcheng Tan & Shuhong Wang 1970, 'Analysis on performance of linear induction motor basing on winding function method', 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE, Xi'an, China, pp. 3639-3642.
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Winding function method is adopted in this paper basing on air-gap magnetic flux density equations, and a new equivalent circuit is presented so as to analyze single linear induction motor (SLIM) applied in linear metro. Steady and dynamic performances of SLIM can be predicted by this circuit considering end effects, half filled slots, saturated iron and skin effect. To begin with, Dynamic situation under constant current constant frequency and several stable cases like constant current constant frequency or variable frequencies, constant voltage constant frequency or variable frequencies are presented in detail. Then, dynamic characteristics of SLIM under slip frequency control in both constant current and voltage drive regions are investigated. Furthermore, comparisons between conclusions on phase current, thrust, efficiency of high power SLIM and experimental results are made. The results indicate that winding function method is definitely reasonable to describe performance of SLIM, especially its end effects. It can be used in the design and performance prediction of SLIM. © 2009 IEEE.

Wei Xu, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Yi Wang, Yongchang Zhang & Longcheng Tan 1970, 'Equivalent circuits for single-sided linear induction motors', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 1288-1295.
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Single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) have lately been applied in transportation system traction drives, especially in the intermediate speed range. They have merits such as the ability to exert thrust on the secondary without mechanical contact, high acceleration or deceleration, less wheel wear, small turning circle radius and flexible road line. The theory of operation for these machines can be directly derived from rotary induction motors, but several issues involving the transversal edge and the longitudinal end effects, and half-filled slots at the primary ends, need to be investigated. In this paper, a T model equivalent circuit is proposed which is based on onedimensional magnetic equations of the air-gap, where half-filled slots are considered by an equivalent pole number. Then, it deduces two-axis equivalent circuits to study the SLIM dynamic performance. The theoretical analyses have been validated by experimental results on SLIM prototypes.

Won, J-I, Shin, S, Ha, K-S, Kwon, J-K & Koo, Y-S 1970, 'The novel SCR-based ESD protection device with high holding voltage', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE, pp. 2149-2152.
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In this paper we present the circuits and simulation results for a silicon neuron which is based on a modified version of the Mihalas-Niebur neural model [1]. This silicon neuron produces 15 of the 20 known neural spiking and bursting behaviors. It has low complexity and reliable matching and can thus be easily integrated into more complex neuromorphic systems. Implemented in a 0.15um 1.5V CMOS process, each neuron consumes about 7.5nW of power at 1kHz and occupies an area of 70um by 70um. ©2009 IEEE.

Xiangjian He, Jianmin Li, Daming Wei, Wenjing Jia & Qiang Wu 1970, 'Canny edge detection on a virtual hexagonal image structure', 2009 Joint Conferences on Pervasive Computing (JCPC), 2009 Joint Conferences on Pervasive Computing (JCPC), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 167-172.
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Canny edge detector is the most popular tool for edge detection and has many applications in the areas of image processing, multimedia and computer vision. The Canny algorithm optimizes the edge detection through noise filtering using an optimal function approximated by the first derivative of a Gaussian. It identifies the edge points by computing the gradients of light intensity function based on the fact that the edge points likely appear where the gradient magnitudes are large. Hexagonal structure is an image structure alternative to traditional square image structure. Because all the existing hardware for capturing image and for displaying image are produced based on square structure, an approach that uses linear interpolation described for conversion between square and hexagonal structures. Gaussian filtering together with gradient computation is performed on the hexagonal structure. The pixel edge strengths on the square structure are then estimated before the thresholds of Canny algorithm are applied to determine the final edge map. The experimental results show the edge detection on hexagonal structure using static and video images, and the comparison with the results using Canny algorithm on square structure. ©2009 IEEE.

Xu, M, Luo, S, Jin, JS & Park, M 1970, 'Affective content analysis by mid-level representation in multiple modalities', Proceedings of the First International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ICIMCS '09: The First International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ACM, pp. 201-207.
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Movie affective content detection attracts ever-increasing research efforts. However, the affective content analysis is still a challenging task due to the gap between low-level perceptual features and high-level human perception of the media. Moreover, clues from multiple modalities should be considered for affective analysis, since they were used in movies to represent emotions and romance emotional atmosphere. In this paper, mid-level representations are generated from low-level features. These mid-level representations are from multiple modalities and used for affective content inference. Besides video shots which is commonly used for video content analysis, audio sounds, dialogue and subtitle are explored to contribute to detect affective content. Since affective analysis rely on movie genres, experiments are implemented in respective genres. The results shows that audio sounds, dialogues and subtitles are effective and efficient for affective content detection. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Dorrell, DG, Li, Y & Wang, Y 1970, 'Drive system analysis of a novel plug-in hybrid vehicle', 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), IEEE, Porto, Portugal, pp. 3717-3722.
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With breakthroughs in battery technology, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), jointly powered by an electric drive and an internal combustion engine are becoming a realistic alternative. In a PHEV, the battery is charged by the grid and the electric machine plays the major role in the vehicle drive so that the engine is only required to provide extra torque when accelerating and to drive the generator and vehicle when the battery level is low. This paper discusses a PHEV drive system with only one electric machine which functions as either a motor or generator and a supercapacitor bank for fast charging and discharging during regenerative braking and fast acceleration. The drive system is modeled using PSAT software. Several performance indexes, such as fuel economy, engine efficiency, range and acceleration are used to compare with a traditional vehicle. The PHEV performance is investigated using three typical driving cycles, i.e., an urban driving schedule, an extra-urban driving cycle and a highway fuel economy driving schedule. These are evaluated in detail.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y, Wang, Y & Wang, S 1970, 'Performance analysis of electric machine drives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 60-63.
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Much attention has been paid to electric vehicles recently due to environmental concerns. The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) consisting of both electricity storage and gasoline tank is welcome to electric vehicle market. In the PHEV system, the electric machine drive is one of the key issues. The ideal tendency is to use the drive machine over the entire torque/speed range with high starting torque and wide constant power range. The proposed PHEV drive system in this paper has only one electric machine which functions as either a motor or generator at a time and a supercapacitor bank for fast charging and discharging during the regenerative braking and fast acceleration. The drive machine must be designed for frequent start or stop, high acceleration or deceleration, high torque or power density, and good transient performance at all speed range. This paper analyzes the new PHEV resistance power and the driving traits. The drive system is modeled and analyzed by the powertrain system analysis toolkit (PSAT) encoded in Matlab/Simulink toolbox. It compares the different driving performances between the new PHEV and one traditional vehicle in urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS). © 2009 IEEE.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Tan, L & Wang, S 1970, 'Analysis on Performance of Linear Induction Motor Basing on Winding Function Method', ICIEA: 2009 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-6, 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 3630-+.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, S, Wang, Y & Shi, Z 1970, 'Survey on electrical machines in electrical vehicles', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 167-170.
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With great concerns on clean environment, there is a fast growing interest in electrical vehicles (EVs). As one of the key technologies, the motor drive has been developed quickly. In this paper, the characteristics of four traditional machines are first reviewed and evaluated, which include the direct current machine (DCM), induction machine (IM), switched reluctance machine (SRM) and permanent magnet brushless machine (PMBM). Then, the topologies and performances of four special machines are discussed, including the transverse flux machine (TFM), axial flux machine (AFM), doubly salient permanent magnet machine (DMPM) and dual mechanical port electrical machine (DMPEM). Finally, future research trends of electrical machines in EVs are described. © 2009 IEEE.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, Y, Zhang, Y & Tan, L 1970, 'Equivalent Circuits for Single-sided Linear Induction Motors', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 1226-+.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y & Shi, Z 1970, 'Steady and dynamic performance analysis of a single-sided linear induction motor', AUPEC'09 - 19th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Systems, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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The train propelled by a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) has been paid much attention recently by both academia and industry. The SLIM drive has advantages such as the direct thrust without the need of friction between wheel and railway track, small cross-sectional area, lack of gear box, and flexible line choice thanks to the greater climbing capability and smaller turning circle compared with a rotary machine drive. However, the SLIM has longitudinal end effect and half-filled slots for its cut-open primary magnetic circuit, which could reduce the air gap average flux linkage and thrust. This paper, based on winding function method, supposes that the SLIM has three groups of windings: primary, secondary fundamental, and secondary end effect windings. The proposed method can consider the actual winding distribution and structure information, and can calculate the mutual-, self-, and leakage inductances for describing the influence of longitudinal end effect and half-filled slots. Then, a new equivalent model is presented to analyze different dynamic and steady state performances. The comprehensive comparison between simulations and experiments indicates that the proposed model can be applied for the SLIM performance prediction and control scheme evaluation.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Dorrell, DG, Li, Y & Li, Y 1970, 'An improved series equivalent circuit of a single-sided linear induction motor', 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), IEEE, Porto, Portugal, pp. 3874-3879.
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The derivation of the equivalent circuit for a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) is not straightforward. Especially if it includes longitudinal end effects from the cut-open primary magnetic path, transverse edge effects from the differing widths between the primary lamination and secondary sheet, and half filled primary slots. This paper proposes an improved series equivalent circuit for this machine. The longitudinal end effects are estimated using three different impedances representing the normal, forwards and backwards flux density waves in the air-gap. The transverse edge effects accounted for with a correction coefficient Kt and an air-gap flux density correction coefficient Kb. Using the series circuit, the performance of the SLIM was assessed in a similar manner to a rotating induction machine. A 4 kW SLIM prototype was tested which validated the simulation technique.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Dorrell, DG, Li, Y, Li, Y & IEEE 1970, 'An Improved Series Equivalent Circuit of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor', IECON: 2009 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-6, 35th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Porto, PORTUGAL, pp. 3679-3684.

Ye, Y, He, X, Li, J, Jia, W & Wu, Q 1970, 'Image Transformation on Hexagonal Structure Based on Conversion between 1D and 2D Coordinates', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 571-578.
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Spiral Architecture, a hexagonal image structure is a novel and powerful approach to machine vision system. The pixels on Spiral architecture are geometrically arranged using a 1D (Spiral) addressing scheme in an ascending order along a spiral-like curve. Spiral addition and Spiral multiplication are defined based on the Spiral addresses on Spiral Architecture. These two fundamental operations result in fast and easy translation, rotation and separation on images, and hence play very important roles for image processing on Spiral Architecture. Moreover, 2D coordinates according to rows and columns defined on Spiral Structure provide a good mapping to the ordinary 2D coordinates defined on the common square image structure. Therefore, how to convert the 1D Spiral addresses from and to the 2D coordinates on Spiral Architecture has become very important to apply the theory developed on a hexagonal image structure for image processing (e.g., rotation). In this paper, we perform a fast way to correctly locate any hexagonal pixel when its Spiral address is known, and compute the Spiral address of any hexagonal pixel when its location is known. As an illustration of the use of conversions, we demonstrate the accurate image translation and rotation using experimental results. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Yeung, CW, Leung, FHF, Chan, KY, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'An Integrated Approach of Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine for Gene Signature Selection and Cancer Prediction', IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Atlanta, USA, pp. 1728-1734.
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To improve cancer diagnosis and drug development, the classification of tumor types based on genomic information is important. As DNA microarray studies produce a large amount of data, expression data are highly redundant and noisy, and most genes are believed to be uninformative with respect to the studied classes. Only a fraction of genes may present distinct profiles for different classes of samples. Classification tools to deal with these issues are thus important. These tools should learn to robustly identify a subset of informative genes embedded in a large dataset that is contaminated with high dimensional noises. In this paper, an integrated approach of support vector machine (SVM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed for this purpose. The proposed approach can simultaneously optimize the selection of feature subset and the classifier through a common solution coding mechanism. As an illustration, the proposed approach is applied to search the combinational gene signatures for predicting histologic response to chemotherapy of osteosarcoma patients. Crossvalidation results show that the proposed approach outperforms other existing methods in terms of classification accuracy. Further validation using an independent dataset shows misclassification of only one out of fourteen patient samples, suggesting that the selected gene signatures can reflect the chemoresistance in osteosarcoma. © 2009 IEEE.

Yongchang Zhang, Zhengming Zhao, Ting Lu, Liqiang Yuan, Wei Xu & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'A comparative study of Luenberger observer, sliding mode observer and extended Kalman filter for sensorless vector control of induction motor drives', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, pp. 2466-2473.
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Observer-based sensorless techniques are becoming more and more popular and universal. This paper presents a comparative study of three kinds of observers for direct field oriented controlled (DFOC) induction motor (IM) drive: Luenberger observer (LO), sliding mode observer (SMO) and extended Kalman filter (EKF). Each kind of observer employs the dynamic full-order IM model and mechanical equation is introduced to improve the performance of speed estimation. Theoretical principles of the three observers are illustrated. Not only computer simulations, but also a series of experimental results are presented to evaluate the performances of the three observers. A comprehensive analysis and comparisons are given from several aspects, such as steady state accuracy, dynamic performance, low speed operation, parameter sensitivity, noise sensitivity and complexity. The advantages and disadvantages of each observer are summarized and a comprehensive conclusion is given. © 2009 IEEE.

Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu, Dorrell, D, Haiyan Lu & Yi Wang 1970, 'Development of a claw pole permanent magnet motor with a molded low-density soft magnetic composite stator core', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 294-301.
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SMC (soft magnetic composite) materials and SMC electrical machines have undergone significant development in the past decade. For the molding of the SMC core, if a high productivity low pressure press is used, the manufacturing cost can be dramatically reduced. However, the magnetic properties of the SMC core and the machine performance are highly dependant on the mass density of the core. This paper presents the development of a claw pole permanent magnet motor with a low mass density SMC stator core molded at low pressure which can replace the existing single phase induction motor in a dish washer pump. The developed SMC motor has been prototyped and tested. Both the parameter computation and performance prediction are validated by the experimental results. These show that the low mass density SMC core is suitable for low cost mass production of SMC electrical machines.

Yu, Y, Kodagoda, S & Ha, QP 1970, 'Relative Distance Estimation for Indoor Multi-Robot Control Using Monocular Digital Camera', Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Distance measurement methodologies based on the digital camera usually require extensive calibration routines, some are even derived from complicated image processing algorithms resulting in low picture frame rates. Particularly, in a dynamic camera system, due to the unpredictability of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, the reliable measuring results are highly dependent on the accuracy of extra sensors. In this paper, a simple algorithm for relative distance estimation is proposed for multi-robot control with a monocular digital camera. Reasonable accuracy is achieved by judging the 2D perspective projection image ratio (PPIR) of robots' labels on a TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display) monitor without any additional sensory cost and complicated calibration effort. Further, the algorithm does not contain any trigonometric functions so that it can be easily implemented on an embedded system using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology.

Yuedong Zhan, Hua Wang, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Fault monitoring and control of PEM fuel cell as backup power for UPS applications', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 631-638.
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Abstract-This paper presents the expert fault monitoring and intelligent comprehensive control of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (PEMFC) as backup power source for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system. The failure status can be shown on the screen of a micro-computer (or a PC) linked with the UPS through an RS-232 and on the control panel of the UPS through LED indicator lights. The proposed intelligent comprehensive monitors and controllers of PEMFC and UPS can supply high quality power with flexible conversion functions, leading to the establishment of reliable power management for UPS applications. Finally, a suitable strategy and technique of fault monitoring and control for a UPS hybrid system with backup PEMFC and battery is implemented. The performances of the monitors and controllers are evaluated by experimental results, showing that the developed UPS system with backup PEMFC and battery power sources is suitable for industry applications.

Yuki Ogasawara, Shinya Odagiri, Shingo Yoshizawa & Yoshikazu Miyanaga 1970, 'Performance evaluation of environment-adaptive agent system in OFDM cognitive radio', 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2008), IEEE.
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Zainal, MS, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A study of sub-threshold digital circuits for wireless communication systems', 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 1263-1268.
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Digital circuit designs in sub-threshold region have been studied in recent years. Their works focus on special purpose for some digital applications in low frequency. This paper proposed modeling analysis of each CMOS logic cell operating at sub-threshold region. We explore the delays and power dissipation of logic cell and make scaled factors mapping from typical voltage to sub-threshold voltage conditions. We evaluated the minimum requirement for 4 bits, 6 bits and 10 bits orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) demodulator to operate in sub-threshold region. The simulation results are characteristics of OFDM wireless communication system when it operates at low voltage. It also clearly shows that low voltage is not a barrier for large-scale digital circuits to operate under the threshold voltage. ©2009 IEEE.

Zainal, MS, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Low power FFT design for wireless communication systems', 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2008), IEEE.
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Zhan, Y, Hua Wang, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Wei Xu 1970, 'Intelligent comprehensive control and monitor of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell for hybrid UPS system', 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE, Xi'an, China, pp. 3107-3112.
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This paper, to improve the performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, avoid the hydrogen and oxygen/air starvation of electrochemical reaction and the performance deterioration of the stack, prevent the dehydration and drying of the membrane, keep the water content in the membrane, heighten the utilization of the gases, and track the output power of a hybrid uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with backup PEMFC and battery power sources, conducts research in the dynamic model, the on-line parameters monitoring of PEMFC, such as the resistance in the PEMFC stack using the current interrupt method and the performance improvement of the PEMFC employing an intelligent comprehensive control strategy of the operation parameters, such as operating temperature, pressures and mass flows of hydrogen and air, the output current and voltage for the PEMFC stack, the power supply switching between PEMFC and battery. The intelligent comprehensive control and monitor method is proposed and applied to the PEMFC generating system employed for the power source of UPS. The experimental results show that the proposal method can effectively monitor and control the pressures of the inlet hydrogen and the operating temperature of the stack, automatically switch the power supply between PEMFC and battery, efficaciously prevent the destroy of the stack when the load changes sharply, the hydrogen is purged and the output current is interrupted regularly, and reasonably improve the performance of the PEMFC through the water balance and thermal management, and real-time realize the tracking for the changes of the output power and the distribution of the mass flow rates of hydrogen and air.

Zhan, Y, Wang, H, Shao, Z, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Modeling and control of power converters in UPS applications with PEM fuel cell', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 1-4.
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This paper investigates practical cost-effective DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter and AC/DC rectifier for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The developed power converters can supply high quality power with flexible conversion functions, leading to the establishment of reliable power management for UPS applications. A comprehensive control strategy of the PEMFC is implemented for energy management of the UPS hybrid system. The performances of the proposed power converters and their controllers are evaluated by experimental results, showing that the developed UPS system with backup PEMFC and battery power sources is suitable for industry application.

Zhan, Y, Wang, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Fault Monitoring and Control of PEM Fuel Cell as Backup Power for UPS Applications', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 1034-+.

Zhan, Y, Wang, H, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Intelligent Comprehensive Control and Monitor of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Hybrid UPS System', ICIEA: 2009 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-6, 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 3098-+.

Zhang, A, Hanlen, LW, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 1970, 'Interference in body area networks: Are signal-links and interference-links independent?', 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2009), IEEE, IEEE.
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Zhang, G, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 1970, 'Analysis of K-Channel Multiple Description Quantization', 2009 Data Compression Conference, 2009 Data Compression Conference (DCC), IEEE, pp. 53-62.
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Zhang, J & Hanlen, LW 1970, 'Non-Coherent Receiver with Fractional Sampling for Impulsive UWB Systems', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, pp. 1-5.
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Zhang, J, Paisitkriangkrai, S & Shen, C 1970, 'An overview of fast pedestrian detection: Feature selection and cascade framework of boosted features', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, New York, NY, pp. 1566-1567.
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Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Lu, T, Yuan, L, Xu, W & Zhu, J 1970, 'A Comparative Study of Luenberger Observer, Sliding Mode Observer and Extended Kalman Filter for Sensor less Vector Control of Induction Motor Drives', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 2720-+.

Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhu, J, Xu, W & Dorrell, DG 1970, 'Speed sensorless direct torque control of 3-level inverter-fed induction motor drive based on optimized switching table', 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), IEEE, Porto, Portugal, pp. 1316-1321.
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Three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters are very appropriate for high-power adjustable-speed drive applications. Direct torque control is characterized by the merits of fast response, simple structure and strong robustness to motor parameters variations. This paper presents a 3-level inverter-fed direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor (IM) drive based on optimized switching table. The problems of high voltage jump, smooth vector switching and neutral point balance are investigated and solved by introducing appropriate intermediate vectors. Furthermore, a speed-adaptive flux observer is employed to enhance the performance of the system by estimating the state variables including the stator flux and state current. Large starting current, which can occur in conventional DTC drives, is controlled effectively by introducing pre-excitation of the stator flux. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes introduced in this paper.

Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhu, J, Xu, W, Dorrell, DG & IEEE 1970, 'Speed Sensor less Direct Torque Control of 3-Level Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive Based on Optimized Switching Table', IECON: 2009 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-6, 35th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Porto, PORTUGAL, pp. 1227-1232.

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W, Wang, Y & Zhao, Z 1970, 'A sensorless DTC strategy of induction motor fed by three-level inverter based on discrete space vector modulation', AUPEC'09 - 19th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Systems, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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A sensorless direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor drive fed by a 3-level inverter is presented based on discrete space vector modulation. A novel vector synthesis sequence is proposed to solve the problems caused by the topology of the 3-level inverter, such as neutral point unbalance and excessive voltage jump, while maintaining the merits of simplicity and robustness. Fuzzy logic control and speed adaptive flux observer are introduced to enhance the performance of system. The problem of large starting current is investigated and solved by introducing the technique of pre-excitation. A 32-bit fixed-point DSP based 3-level motor drive has been developed and a series of experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.

Zhang, Z, Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & IEEE 1970, 'HEAD DETECTION FOR VIDEO SURVEILLANCE BASED ON CATEGORICAL HAIR AND SKIN COLOUR MODELS', 2009 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 1137-1140.
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We propose a new robust head detection algorithm that is capable of handling significantly different conditions in terms of viewpoint, tilt angle, scale and resolution. To this aim, we built a new model for the head based on appearance distributions and shape constraints. We construct a categorical model for hair and skin, separately, and train the models for four categories of hair (brown, red, blond and black) and three categories of skin representing the different illumination conditions (bright, standard and dark). The shape constraint fits an elliptical model to the candidate region and compares its parameters with priors based on human anatomy. The experimental results validate the usability of the proposed algorithm in various video surveillance and multimedia applications. ©2009 IEEE.

Zheng, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Overlapping Impacts and Resource Coordination for High-density Wireless Communication', 2009 IEEE-RIVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND VISION FOR THE FUTURE, IEEE-RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies, Research Innovation, and Vision for the Future, IEEE eXpress Conference Publishing, Da Nang University of Technology, Vietnam, pp. 180-186.
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A high-density wireless environment could not avoid ceel/BSS (Basic Service Set) overlapping, which may cause Co-channel interference. Such interference makes it difficult to support QoS. It is desirable that BSSs can share a single frequency channel without interference-free for a business-sound wireless deployment. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis on OBSS co-existence and QoS, based on the context of 802.11 WiFi as an example. The uplink and downlink transmission are separated into two periods. The grouping assigments using coloring theory are carried out based on the topology to divide BSSs into groups and time span to avoid downlink collision.

Zheng, L, Hoang, DB & Li, M 1970, 'Applying Fair Intelligent Congestion Control in a hybrid QoS architecture for wireless environment', 2009 7th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS), Signal Processing (ICICS), IEEE, Macau, China, pp. 1-6.
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This simple and scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS control model is acceptable for the core of the network. However, more explicit and stringent admission and reservation based QoS mechanisms are required in the wireless access segment of the network, where available resources are severely limited and the degree of traffic aggregation is not significant, thus rendering the DiffServ principles less effective. In this paper we present a suitable hybrid QoS architecture framework to address the problem. At the wireless access end, the local QoS mechanism is designed in the context of IEEE 802.11 WLAN with 802.11e QoS extensions. At the edge and over the DiffServ domain, the Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) algorithm is applied to provide fairness among traffic aggregates and control congestion at the bottleneck interface between the wireless link and the network core.

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Lu, H & Zhu, J 1970, 'Design and electromagnetic analysis of a HTS linear synchronous motor', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 5-10.
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High temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (LSM) integrated with HTS magnetic levitation system, can realize self-levitation and self-guidance without any sliding friction, which will have important applications in many fields such as electromagnetic aircraft launch system, maglev transportation. This paper presents the design and electromagnetic analysis of a HTS LSM, which is levitated by a magnetic levitation system consisting of HTS bulkspermanent magnet (PM) guideways. Numerical analysis and magnetic field finite element analysis (FEA) methods are applied to analyze the thrust, levitation and guidance force characteristics, and the electromagnetic performance of HTS LSM under no-load and load situations are studied with the analysis results are given. Finally, the primary motor running testing results are provided.

Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z & Huang, Y 1970, 'Low cost high performance SMC motors: From material to application', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 385-391.
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The major advantage of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is to be able to manufacture electrical machines by the highly matured powder metallurgical technology at low cost. This paper presents our extensive studies on the measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of SMC materials and novel machine topologies of 3D fluxes. © 2009 IEEE.

Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z & Huang, Y 1970, 'Low Cost High Performance SMC Motors: From Material to Application', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES, International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Univ Elect Sci & Technol, Chengdu, pp. 381-+.

Burnham, DR, Reece, PJ & McGloin, D 2009, 'Parameter exploration of optically trapped liquid aerosols'.

Ye, T, Veitch, DN, Iannaccone, G & Bhattacharyya, S 2009, 'System and method for trace replay using parallelized streams'.

Ye, T, Veitch, DN, Iannaccone, G & Bhattacharyya, S 2009, 'System and method for trace replay using parallelized streams'.