Publications

Jakovich, J, Schweitzer, J, Brookes, WC, Edwards, M, Jupp, JR, Kirchner, NG & Nikolova, N 2011, U.lab An Emerging Interdisciplinary Framework for Innovation Projects at UTS, 1, DAB Documents Faculty of Design, Architecture & Building University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Design thinking aims to capture designers' creativity-driven approach to innovation that can be applied to anything from physical products and intangible services, to formulating and solving complex social problems. Design thinking promotes a particular mind-set that takes the user experience, or a human-centred perspective, as point of departure. While research into the application of design thinking to business problems is well documented, the utilisation of design thinking in university innovation is limited to few cases, and requires better understanding of how to establish design thinking capacity in an academic collaboration context. This research establishes an interdisciplinary design thinking framework at the University of Technology, Sydney, that forms the basis for three experimental projects. New design thinking tools, such as '5X5' and 'faceboard', are developed and a novel public and university innovation program is tested over ten repeated scenarios. The design thinking framework can be adopted for practice and further research. This volume documents the first-steps taken by a cross-faculty university group towards developing an interdisciplinary innovation capacity. It demonstrates how through trialling the practices and methods of design thinking, a deep appreciation of designing, thinking, and practicing creativity emerges across non-design participants. Diverse disciplinary backgrounds and perspectives are illustrated as a source of opportunity to address complex teaching and research challenges. 'U.Lab - It's About You' is published by DAB Docs, University of Technology, Sydney.

Chen, Y, Wu, Q & He, X 2011, 'Human Action Recognition Based on Radon Transform.' in Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H (eds), Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communications, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 369-389.
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A new feature description is used for human action representation and recognition. Features are extracted from the Radon transforms of silhouette images. Using the features, key postures are selected. Key postures are combined to construct an action template for each action sequence. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is applied to obtain low dimensional feature vectors. Different classification methods are used for human action recognition. Experiments are carried out based on a publicly available human action database. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L, Pathikulangara, J, R., A, Nikolic, N, D., J & Jay, Y 2011, 'Adaptive Antenna Arrays for Ad-Hoc Millimetre-Wave Wireless Communications' in Mutamed, K (ed), Advanced Trends in Wireless Communications, InTech, USA, pp. 93-116.
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New technologies that employ millimetre-wave frequency bands to achieve high speed wireless links are gaining more attention (Dyadyuk et. al., 2007, 2009b, 2010a; Hirata et. al., 2006; Lockie & Peck, 2009; Kasugi et. al., 2009; Wells, 2009) due to increasing demand for wideband wireless communications. Very wide uncongested spectrum is available in the E—bands (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz) recently allocated for wireless communications in USA, Europe, Korea, Russia and Australia. The E-band provides an opportunity for line-of – sight (LOS) links with higher data rates, well suited for fibre replacement and backhaul applications. Future mobile and ad-hoc communications networks will require higher bandwidth and longer range. An ad-hoc or mobile (e.g. inter-aircraft) network that relies on high gain antennas also requires beam scanning. Adaptive antenna arrays have found a wide rage of applications and are becoming essential parts of wireless communications systems (Abbaspour-Tamijani & Sarabandi, 2003; Do-Hong & Russer, 2004; Gross, 2005; Guo, 2004; Krim & Viberg, 1996; Mailloux, 2005, 2007; Rogstad et al., 2003; Singh et al., 2008). While the spectrum available in the millimetre-wave frequency bands enables multi-gigabit-per second data rates, the practically achievable communication range is limited by several factors. These include the higher atmospheric attenuation at these frequencies and limited output power of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) (Doan et al., 2004; Dyadyuk et al., 2008a; Kasper et al., 2009; Floyd et al., 2007; Reynolds et. al., 2006; Vamsi et. al., 2005, Zirath et al., 2004) due to physical constraints. Therefore, the performance of the ad-hoc or mobile millimetre-wave networks requires enhancement by using spatial power combining antenna arrays.

H., C, Shujau, M, Zheng, X, Cheng, B, Cheng, E & S, I 2011, 'Backward Compatible Spatialized Teleconferencing based on Squeezed Recordings' in Strumillo, P (ed), Advances in Sound Localization, InTech, UK, pp. 363-384.
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Commercial teleconferencing systems currently available, although offering sophisticated video stimulus of the remote participants, commonly employ only mono or stereo audio playback for the user. However, in teleconferencing applications where there are multiple participants at multiple sites, spatializing the audio reproduced at each site (using headphones or loudspeakers) to assist listeners to distinguish between participating speakers can significantly improve the meeting experience (Baldis, 2001; Evans et al., 2000; Ward & Elko 1999; Kilgore et al., 2003; Wrigley et al., 2009; James & Hawksford, 2008). An example is Vocal Village (Kilgore et al., 2003), which uses online avatars to co-locate remote participants over the Internet in virtual space with audio spatialized over headphones (Kilgore, et al., 2003). This system adds speaker location cues to monaural speech to create a user manipulable soundfield that matches the avatar’s position in the virtual space. Giving participants the freedom to manipulate the acoustic location of other participants in the rendered sound scene that they experience has been shown to provide for improved multitasking performance (Wrigley et al., 2009). A system for multiparty teleconferencing requires firstly a stage for recording speech from multiple participants at each site. These signals then need to be compressed to allow for efficient transmission of the spatial speech. One approach is to utilise close-talking microphones to record each participant (e.g. lapel microphones), and then encode each speech signal separately prior to transmission (James & Hawksford, 2008). Alternatively, for increased flexibility, a microphone array located at a central point on, say, a meeting table can be used to generate a multichannel recording of the meeting speech A microphone array approach is adopted in this work and allows for processing of the recordings to identify relative spatial locations of the sources as well as multichannel sp...

Lowe, D, Murray, S & Kong, X 2011, 'Wireless Sensor Resource Usage Optimisation Using Embedded State Predictors' in Obaidat, MS & Filipe, J (eds), e-Business and Telecommunications - ICETE 2009, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 320-331.
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The increasing prevalence and sophistication of wireless sensors is creating an opportunity for improving, or in many cases enabling, the real-time monitoring and control of distributed physical systems. However, whilst a major issue in the use of these sensors is their resource utilisation, there has only been limited consideration given to the interplay between the data sampling requirements of the control and monitoring systems and the design characteristics of the wireless sensors. In this paper we describe an approach to the optimization of the resources utilized by these devices based on the use of synchronized state predictors. By embedding state predictors into the sensors themselves it becomes possible for the sensors to predict their optimal sampling rate consistent with maintaining monitoring or control performance, and hence minimize the utilization of limited sensor resources such as power and bandwidth.

Madden, C & Piccardi, M 2011, 'System-Wide Tracking of Individuals' in Remagnino, P, Jain, LC & Monekosso, DN (eds), Innovations in Defence Support Systems – 3, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 83-103.
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Tracking the movements of people around surveillance systems is becoming increasingly important in the current security conscious environment. This chapter discusses recent research to assist with tracking the movement of individuals throughout the full surveillance area, even when those views do not overlap and may be separated by significant distances. This is due to advances in tracking within a camera view, which allows feature models to be built of an individual. The feature models can include a range of shape, appearance, and transition features appropriate for use with surveillance footage. These may also utilise spatial information about the objects from both the real world and image planes to increase individual discriminitivity. These feature models can be combined and compared within a statistical framework to determine the probability of any two tracks being made by the same individual. It is this combination of such tracks that allows for system wide tracking of individuals to be performed. Techniques are also presented to improve the accuracy of the feature information. These include the application of spatial or temporal smoothing, the identifcation and removal of signifcant feature errors, as well as the mitigation of other potential error sources like illumination. The results of both the individual features, and the combined system wide tracks are presented based upon an analysis of individuals observed in realistic surveillance footage. These show that current camera technology will not produce a fully automated system, but can provide signifcant information to assist security operators.

Riduan, M, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 2011, 'A Survey of Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks' in Foerster, A (ed), Emerging Communications for Wireless Sensor Networks, InTech, USA, pp. 5-90.
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This chapter examines various important low duty cycle MAC protocols and the two most important MAC protocols designed specifically for cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) transmission. In most cases, the low duty cycle MAC protocols trade off latency for energy efficient operation. Also, we can observe later that asynchronous MAC protocols are more scalable than synchronous MAC protocols. On the one hand, when sensor nodes join or leave a group or a cluster, the MAC needs to resynchronise the network over and over in such protocols as LEACH and S-MAC. Frequent re-synchronisation can lead to higher energy consumption. The situation becomes more complex when global synchronisation is required instead of local synchronisation. Thus a balance must be made between frequent synchronisation and scalability in synchronous MAC protocol design. On the other hand, in some cases with asynchronous MAC, the higher scalability comes at the cost of higher transmission energy due to the implementation of a long preamble and overhearing in such protocols as RF Wake-up and B-MAC. However, the burden of long preamble transmission is reduced gradually by the introduction of short packet techniques such in SpeckMAC and X-MAC. Moreover, it is important to note that little attention has been paid to increasing the link reliability in SISO systems. The only mechanism used is the ACK packet feedback in protocols such IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and WiseMAC. The MIMO-LEACH and CMACON protocols provide measures to increase link reliability and at the same time reduce transmission power by exploiting spatial diversity gain. On the one hand, the MIMO-LEACH protocol employs a duty cycle mechanism through TDMA time slots assignments which reduces the total energy consumption. Furthermore, multihop communication between cluster heads is introduced to replace the direct communication which reduces further the total energy consumption. Also, collisions can be avoided with the disti...

Alomari, MM & Zhu, JG 2011, 'Bifurcation control of subsynchronous resonance using TCSC', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 2363-2370.
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This paper presents the use of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) to control bifurcations of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in multimachine power system. The modified second system of the IEEE second benchmark model of subsynchronous resonance is considered. The dynamics of the damper windings, automatic voltage regulator (AVR), and power system stabilizer (PSS) on SSR in power system are included. In the case of neglecting TCSC, the results show that the operating point of the system loses stability via subcritical Hopf bifurcation. When we add TCSC to the system, all bifurcations are eliminated. Therefore, the Thyristor-Controlled compensated system never loses stability at any realistic firing angle. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Anand, S, Engelbrecht, A & McGloin, D 2011, 'Optically written optofluidic ice channels', Journal of Optics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 044005-044005.
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Baccelli, F, Machiraju, S, Veitch, D & Bolot, J 2011, 'Probing for Loss: The Case Against Probe Trains', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 590-592.
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Badenhorst, W, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'Optimal hoist scheduling of a deep level mine twin rock winder system for demand side management', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 1088-1095.
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Barua, B, Abolhasan, M & Safaei, F 2011, 'On the Symbol Error Probability of Multihop Parallel Relay Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 719-721.
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In this paper we analyze the symbol error probability (SEP) of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Rayleigh fading channels for M-ary Phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation. The general closed form expression of the SEP is derived. We present numerical results on the performance of the network.

Barua, B, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & Franklin, DR 2011, 'On the Error Exponent of Amplify and Forward Relay Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1047-1049.
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In this letter we derive the exact random coding error exponent of a dual hop amplify and forward (AF) relay network with channel state information (CSI) assisted ideal relay gain. Numerical results have been presented, which provide insight about the performance tradeoff between the error exponent and the data rate of the network. Finally we present the capacity analysis of this relay network.

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2011, 'Modeling of optical traps for aerosols', Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2856-2856.
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Cajote, RD, Aramvith, S & Miyanaga, Y 2011, 'FMO-based H.264 frame layer rate control for low bit rate video transmission', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2011, no. 1.
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Abstract The use of flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) in H.264/AVC improves error resiliency at the expense of reduced coding efficiency with added overhead bits for slice headers and signalling. The trade-off is most severe at low bit rates, where header bits occupy a significant portion of the total bit budget. To better manage the rate and improve coding efficiency, we propose enhancements to the H.264/AVC frame layer rate control, which take into consideration the effects of using FMO for video transmission. In this article, we propose a new header bits model, an enhanced frame complexity measure, a bit allocation and a quantization parameter adjustment scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed improvements achieve better visual quality compared with the JM 9.2 frame layer rate control with FMO enabled using a different number of slice groups. Using FMO as an error resilient tool with better rate management is suitable in applications that have limited bandwidth and in error prone environments such as video transmission for mobile terminals.

Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 2011, 'Reasoning by SVD and Morphotronic Network', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 145-152.
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The immune system of the vertebrates possess the capabilities of 'intelligent' information processing, which include memory, the ability to learn, to recognize, and to make decisions with respect to unknown situations. The mathematical formalization of t

Chan, KY, Ling, SH, Dillon, TS & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Diagnosis of hypoglycemic episodes using a neural network based rule discovery system', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9799-9808.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the T1DM patients' physiological parameters, corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, change of heart rate, and the change of corrected QT interval, we have developed a neural network based rule discovery system with hybridizing the approaches of neural networks and genetic algorithm to identify the presences of hypoglycemic episodes for TIDM patients. The proposed neural network based rule discovery system is built and is validated by using the real T1DM patients' data sets collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Experimental results show that the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can achieve more accurate results on both trained and unseen T1DM patients' data sets compared with those developed based on the commonly used classification methods for medical diagnosis, statistical regression, fuzzy regression and genetic programming. Apart from the achievement of these better results, the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can provide explicit information in the form of production rules which compensate for the deficiency of traditional neural network method which do not provide a clear understanding of how they work in prediction as they are in an implicit black-box structure. This explicit information provided by the product rules can convince medical doctors to use the neural networks to perform diagnosis of hypoglycemia on T1DM patients.

Chiu, C & Chaczko, Z 2011, 'Deployment of an Agent-based SANET Architecture for Healthcare Services', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 309-315.
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Deployment of an Agent-based SANET Architecture for Healthcare ServicesThis paper describes the adaptation of a computational technique utilizing Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs) and Rao-Blackwell-Kolmogorov (R-B) Filtering mechanisms for the administration of Sensor-Actuator networks (SANETs). Inspired by the BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) Agent model from Rao and Georgeff, EKMs perform the quantitative analysis of an algorithmic artificial neural network process by using an indirect-mapping EKM to self-organize, while the Rao-Blackwell filtering mechanism reduces the external noise and interference in the problem set introduced through the self-organization process. Initial results demonstrate that a combinatorial approach to optimization with EKMs and Rao-Blackwell filtering provides an improvement in event trajectory approximation in comparison to standalone cooperative EKM processes to allow responsive event detection and optimization in patient healthcare.

Conneely, M, Rolfsnes, HO, Main, C, McGloin, D & Campbell, PA 2011, 'On the accuracy of framing-rate measurements in ultra-high speed rotating mirror cameras', Optics Express, vol. 19, no. 17, pp. 16432-16432.
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Cunha, I, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 2011, 'Predicting and tracking internet path changes', ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 122-133.
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This paper investigates to what extent it is possible to use traceroute-style probing for accurately tracking Internet path changes. When the number of paths is large, the usual traceroute based approach misses many path changes because it probes all paths equally. Based on empirical observations, we argue that monitors can optimize probing according to the likelihood of path changes. We design a simple predictor of path changes using a nearest neighbor model. Although predicting path changes is not very accurate, we show that it can be used to improve probe targeting. Our path tracking method, called DTrack, detects up to two times more path changes than traditional probing, with lower detection delay, as well as providing complete load-balancer information.

Dehestani, D, Eftekhari, F, Guo, Y, Ling, S, Su, S & Nguyen, H 2011, 'Online Support Vector Machine Applicationfor Model Based Fault Detection and Isolationof HVAC System', International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-72.
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Abstract—Preventive maintenance plays an important role in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. One cost effective strategy is the development of analytic fault detection and isolation (FDI) module by online monitoring the key variables of HAVC systems. This paper investigates realtime FDI for HAVC system by using online Support Vector Machine (SVM), by which we are able to train a FDI system with manageable complexity under real time working conditions. It is also proposed a new approach which allows us to detect unknown faults and updating the classifier by using these previously unknown faults. Based on the proposed approach, a semi unsupervised fault detection methodology has been developed for HVAC systems

Du, C, Yang, J, Wu, Q & He, X 2011, 'Locating facial landmarks by support vector machine-based active shape model', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 151-151.
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Active shape model (ASM) plays an important role in face research such as face recognition, pose estimation and gaze estimation. A crucial step of the common ASM is finding a new position for each facial landmark at each iteration. Mahalanobis distance minimisation is used for this finding, provided there are enough training data such that the grey-level profiles for each landmark following a multivariate Gaussian distribution. However, this condition could not be satisfied in most cases. In this paper, a novel method support vector machine-based active shape model (SVMBASM) is proposed for this task. It approaches the finding task as a small sample size classification problem. Moreover, considering the poor classification performance caused by the imbalanced dataset which contains more negative instances (incorrect candidates for new position) than positive instances (correct candidates for new position), a multi-class classification framework is further proposed. Performance evaluation on Shanghai Jiao Tong University face database shows that the proposed SVMBASM outperforms the original ASM in terms of the average error and average frequency of convergence. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Du, Y & Lu, DD-C 2011, 'Battery-integrated boost converter utilizing distributed MPPT configuration for photovoltaic systems', Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1992-2002.
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Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L & Pathikulangara, J 2011, 'Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band', International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 259-266.
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This paper reports the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements a digitally beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71–76 GHz frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Wideband frequency-domain angle-of-arrival estimation and beam-forming algorithms were developed and implemented using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) at 1 Gbps. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results and experimental data for an analogue-beam-formed array. This work is a stepping stone toward practical realization of larger hybrid arrays in the E-band.

Ebrahimi, T, Karam, L, Pereira, F, El-Maleh, K & Burnett, I 2011, 'The Quality of Multimedia: Challenges and Trends [From the Guest Editors]', IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 17-148.
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Fitch, AL, Iu, HHC & Lu, DDC 2011, 'An Analog Computer for Electronic Engineering Education', IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 550-557.
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Folowosele, F, Hamilton, TJ & Etienne-Cummings, R 2011, 'Silicon Modeling of the Mihalaş–Niebur Neuron', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1915-1927.
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There are a number of spiking and bursting neuron models with varying levels of complexity, ranging from the simple integrate-and-fire model to the more complex Hodgkin-Huxley model. The simpler models tend to be easily implemented in silicon but yet not biologically plausible. Conversely, the more complex models tend to occupy a large area although they are more biologically plausible. In this paper, we present the 0.5 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) implementation of the Mihala-Niebur neuron modela generalized model of the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with adaptive thresholdthat is able to produce most of the known spiking and bursting patterns that have been observed in biology. Our implementation modifies the original proposed model, making it more amenable to CMOS implementation and more biologically plausible. All but one of the spiking propertiestonic spiking, class 1 spiking, phasic spiking, hyperpolarized spiking, rebound spiking, spike frequency adaptation, accommodation, threshold variability, integrator and input bistabilityare demonstrated in this model. © 2011 IEEE.

Fradet, E, McDougall, C, Abbyad, P, Dangla, R, McGloin, D & Baroud, CN 2011, 'Combining rails and anchors with laser forcing for selective manipulation within 2D droplet arrays', Lab on a Chip, vol. 11, no. 24, pp. 4228-4228.
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Gao, L, Xu, M, Yan, SF, Liu, MG, Hou, CH & Wang, DH 2011, 'Content-aware broadcast soccer video retargeting using fuzzy logic', Electronics Letters, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 694-694.
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A content-aware video retargeting method is proposed for playing broadcast soccer video in small displays. Four visual perception clues are predefined based on soccer game-specific knowledge and modelled by visual attention features firstly. Then, a fuzzy logic inference system is proposed to estimate visual attention values (AVs) of ball and players by fusing attention features. AVs are later used to determine the region of interest (ROI) of each frame. Finally, a retargeted video is generated by the ROI of each frame with polynomial curve fitting for temporal smoothing. Both subjective and objective evaluation results are promising. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Garcia-Vigueras, M, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, '1D-Leaky Wave Antenna Employing Parallel-Plate Waveguide Loaded With PRS and HIS', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 3687-3694.
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A new type of one-dimensional leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with independent control of the beam-pointing angle and beamwidth is presented. The antenna is based on a simple structure composed of a bulk parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) loaded with two printed circuit boards (PCBs), each one consisting of an array of printed dipoles. One PCB acts as a partially reflective surface (PRS), and the other grounded PCB behaves as a high impedance surface (HIS). It is shown that an independent control of the leaky-mode phase and leakage rate can be achieved by changing the lengths of the PRS and HIS dipoles, thus resulting in a flexible adjustment of the LWA pointing direction and directivity. The leaky-mode dispersion curves are obtained with a simple Transverse Equivalent Network (TEN), and they are validated with three-dimensional full-wave simulations. Experimental results on fabricated prototypes operating at 15 GHz are reported, demonstrating the versatile and independent control of the LWA performance by changing the PRS and HIS parameters. © 2011 IEEE.

Garcia-Vigueras, M, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Enhancing Frequency-Scanning Response of Leaky-Wave Antennas Using High-Impedance Surfaces', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 7-10.
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The use of high-impedance surfaces (HISs) to increase the frequency-scanning sensitivity of hollow leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) is presented. The LWA consists of a hollow rectangular waveguide with one of its narrow walls replaced by a partially reflective surface, and it is loaded with a metallodielectric HIS to increase its beam-scanning response. Theoretical results based on a simple transverse equivalent network illustrate the physical mechanism responsible for the improvement, and they are verified by experiments on a prototype working in the 11-16 GHz band. © 2006 IEEE.

Gerold, B, Kotopoulis, S, McDougall, C, McGloin, D, Postema, M & Prentice, P 2011, 'Laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation in focused ultrasound', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 044902-044902.
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Acoustic cavitation can occur in therapeutic applications of high-amplitude focused ultrasound. Studying acoustic cavitation has been challenging, because the onset of nucleation is unpredictable. We hypothesized that acoustic cavitation can be forced to occur at a specific location using a laser to nucleate a microcavity in a pre-established ultrasound field. In this paper we describe a scientific instrument that is dedicated to this outcome, combining a focused ultrasound transducer with a pulsed laser. We present high-speed photographic observations of laser-induced cavitation and laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation, at frame rates of 0.5×106 frames per second, from laser pulses of energy above and below the optical breakdown threshold, respectively. Acoustic recordings demonstrated inertial cavitation can be controllably introduced to the ultrasound focus. This technique will contribute to the understanding of cavitation evolution in focused ultrasound including for potential therapeutic applications.

Gomez-Tornero, JL, Quesada-Pereira, F, Alvarez-Melcon, A, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency Steerable Two Dimensional Focusing Using Rectilinear Leaky-Wave Lenses', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 407-415.
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The concept of frequency steerable two-dimensional electromagnetic focusing by using a tapered leaky-wave line source embedded in a parallel-plate medium is presented. Accurate expressions for analyzing the focusing pattern of a rectilinear leaky-wave lens (LWL) from its constituent leaky-mode tapered propagation constant are described. The influence of the main LWL structural parameters on the synthesis of the focusing pattern is discussed. The ability to generate frequency steerable focusing patterns has been demonstrated by means of an example involving a LWL in hybrid waveguide printed-circuit technology and the results are validated by a commercial full-wave solver. © 2010 IEEE.

Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Rectilinear Leaky-Wave Antennas With Broad Beam Patterns Using Hybrid Printed-Circuit Waveguides', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3999-4007.
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A theoretical study on the design of broadbeam leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) of uniform type and rectilinear geometry is presented. A new broadbeam LWA structure based on the hybrid printed-circuit waveguide is proposed, which allows for the necessary flexible and independent control of the leaky-wave phase and leakage constants. The study shows that both the real and virtual focus LWAs can be synthesized in a simple manner by tapering the printed-slot along the LWA properly, but the real focus LWA is preferred in practice. Practical issues concerning the tapering of these LWA are investigated, including the tuning of the radiation pattern asymmetry level and beamwidth, the control of the ripple level inside the broad radiated main beam, and the frequency response of the broadbeam LWA. The paper provides new insight and guidance for the design of this type of LWAs. © 2011 IEEE.

Hossain, MJ, Hoque, MA & Islam, KK 2011, 'Simplified Fuzzy Control for Flux-Weakening Speed Control of IPMSM Drive', Advances in Fuzzy Systems, vol. 2011, pp. 1-9.
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This paper presents a simplified fuzzy logic-based speed control scheme of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) above the base speed using a flux-weakening method. In this work, nonlinear expressions ofd-axis andq-axis currents of the IPMSM have been derived and subsequently incorporated in the control algorithm for the practical purpose in order to implement fuzzy-based flux-weakening strategy to operate the motor above the base speed. The fundamentals of fuzzy logic algorithms as related to motor control applications are also illustrated. A simplified fuzzy speed controller (FLC) for the IPMSM drive has been designed and incorporated in the drive system to maintain high performance standards. The efficacy of the proposed simplified FLC-based IPMSM drive is verified by simulation at various dynamic operating conditions. The simplified FLC is found to be robust and efficient. Laboratory test results of proportional integral (PI) controller-based IPMSM drive have been compared with the simulated results of fuzzy controller-based flux-weakening IPMSM drive system.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 2011, 'Robust STATCOM control for the stabilisation of fixed-speed wind turbines during low voltages', Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 2897-2905.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 2011, 'Excitation control for improving transient stability limit and voltage regulation with dynamic loads', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 4971-4976.
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This paper presents a new robust control methodology to improve the power system transient stability and voltage regulation in interconnected power systems including dynamic loads. The inclusion of dynamic load model significantly increases the nonlinearity of the system. The automatic voltage regulation (AVR) and power system stabiliser (PSS) design problems are coordinated for the augmentation of stability. The nonlinear behaviour of power systems has been represented in this paper by an uncertain term, derived from the Cauchy remainder of the Taylor series expansion. An IEEE benchmark test system has been used to demonstrate the performance of the designed controller. Large disturbance simulations demonstrate that the proposed controller enhances voltage stability as well as transient stability of a power system during severe transients. © 2011 IFAC.

Huang, Y, Dong, J, Jin, L, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2011, 'Eddy-Current Loss Prediction in the Rotor Magnets of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator With Modular Winding Feeding a Rectifier Load', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4203-4206.
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In a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with modular winding, significant eddy current may be induced in the rotor magnets due to asynchronous rotating stator magneto-motive forces (MMFs), and a rectifier load may signify the situation further. The eddy-current loss prediction in the rotor magnets of a PMSG with modular winding feeding a rectifier load is described. An analytical method considering the stator current harmonics and stator MMF spatial harmonics and a time-stepping, coupled-circuit, 2-D finite-element method (FEM) are adopted. The predicted losses obtained from these two methods are compared and investigated.

HUU VU, T, ARAMVITH, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2011, 'New Error Resilience Technique Using Adaptive FMO and Intra Refresh for H.264 Video Transmission', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E94-A, no. 8, pp. 1647-1655.
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Iacopi, F, Choi, JH, Terashima, K, Rice, PM & Dubois, G 2011, 'Cryogenic plasmas for controlled processing of nanoporous materials', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 3634-3634.
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Indiveri, G, Linares-Barranco, B, Hamilton, TJ, Schaik, AV, Etienne-Cummings, R, Delbruck, T, Liu, S-C, Dudek, P, Häfliger, P, Renaud, S, Schemmel, J, Cauwenberghs, G, Arthur, J, Hynna, K, Folowosele, F, Saighi, S, Serrano-Gotarredona, T, Wijekoon, J, Wang, Y & Boahen, K 2011, 'Neuromorphic Silicon Neuron Circuits', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 5.
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Jamdagni, A, Tan, T, Nanda, P, He, S & Liu, R 2011, 'Mahalanobis Distance Map Approach for Anomaly Detection of Web-Based Attacks', Journal of Network Forensics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 25-39.
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Web serverss and web-based applications are commonly used attack targets. The main issue are how to prevent unauthorized access and to protect web server from the attack. Intrusion Detection Systems and networks. This paper focuses on the detection of various web-based attacks using Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detectin (GSAD) model. Further, a novel algorithm is proposed using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for the selection of most discriminating features to reduce the computational complexity of payload-based GSAD model. GSAD model is based on a pattern recognition technique used in image payload features to calculate the difference between normal and abnormal network traffice. GSAD model is evaluated experimentally on the real attacks (GATECH) dataset and on the DARPA 1999 dataset.

Jiang, Y, He, X, Lin, F & Jia, W 2011, 'An Encoding and Labeling Scheme Based on Continued Fraction for Dynamic XML', Journal of Software, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 2043-2049.
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Much research about labeling schemes has been conducted to efficiently determine the ancestor-descendant relationships and the document-order between any two random XML nodes without re-labeling for updates. In this paper, we present an efficient XML encoding and labeling scheme for dynamic XML document, named Continued Fraction-based Encoding (CFE). The proposed CFE scheme labels nodes with continued fractions and has the following three important properties: (1) CFE codes can be inserted between any two consecutive CFE codes with the orders kept and without re-encoding the existing nodes; (2) CFE is orthogonal to specific labeling schemes, thus it can be applied broadly to different labeling schemes or other applications to efficiently process the updates; (3) CFE supports all structural relationships query in XPath. Two test data sets were built for evaluation. The experimental results show that CFE provides fairly reasonable XML query processing performance while completely avoiding relabeling for updates. © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2011, 'Analysis and experimental validation of an HTS linear synchronous propulsion prototype with HTS magnetic suspension', Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 471, no. 17-18, pp. 520-527.
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A high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear propulsion system composed of a single-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in its middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been developed. The HTSLSM uses an HTS bulk magnet array on the moving secondary, and the fieldtrapped characteristics of the HTS bulk using different magnetized methods have been measured and compared to identify their magnetization capability. In order to generate a large levitation force for the system, three different types of permanent magnet guideways (PMGs) have been numerically analyzed and experimentally verified to obtain an optimal PMG. Based on comprehensive experimental prototype tests, the results show that the HTS linear propulsion system can run with stable magnetic suspension having a constant air-gap length, and the thrust characteristics versus the exciting current, working frequency and the air-gap length have also been obtained. This work forms the basis for developing a practical HTS linear propulsion system by using HTS bulks both for propulsion and suspension.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Influence of external traveling-wave magnetic field on trapped field of a high temperature superconducting bulk magnet used in a linear synchronous motor', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 11, pp. 113913-113913.
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A single-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) has been developed with a pulse magnetization system to obtain the HTS bulk magnet array with alternating magnetic poles for the motor secondary. In order to identify the trapped field characteristics of the HTS bulk magnet exposed to the external traveling-wave magnetic field generated by the primary of the HTSLSM, a measurement system has been built up and the relevant experiments have been carried out. The relationships between the trapped field attenuation of the HTS bulk magnet and the amplitude, frequency and acting direction of the external traveling-wave magnetic field are experimentally obtained to allow the HTSLSM characteristics to be practically verified.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Thrust characteristics of a double-sided high temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor with a high temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 073916-073916.
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An electromagnetic design of a double-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet secondary is introduced in this paper. A HTS magnetic suspension system is applied to replace the sliding rail to levitate the secondary mover resulting in the HTSLSM moving without sliding friction. The thrust model of the HTSLSM is built using a magnetic circuit method and the thrust characteristics obtained from the model are compared with finite element analysis and practical testing results. The theoretical analysis on the prototype has also been verified by measurements.

Jin, JX, Zheng, LH, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2011, 'Performance Characteristics of an HTS Linear Synchronous Motor With HTS Bulk Magnet Secondary', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2469-2477.
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A single-sided high-temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet array as its secondary has been developed, and a split pulse coil magnetization system is used to magnetize the secondary HTS bulks with alternating magnetic poles. The electromagnetic parameters of the HTSLSM have been calculated to verify its performance. The HTSLSM is incorporated with a developed control system based on the voltage space vector pulsewidth modulation strategy implemented by a computer-software-controlled platform. A compositive experimental testing system has also been developed to measure the thrust and normal force of the HTSLSM. The traits of the thrust and normal force have been comprehensively identi?ed experimentally, and the results from the experiments and analysis would bene?t the electromagnetic design and the control scheme development for the HTSLSM.

KANO, H, YOSHIZAWA, S, GUNJI, T, OKAMOTO, S, TAWARAYAMA, M & MIYANAGA, Y 2011, 'Development and Outdoor Evaluation of an Experimental Platform in an 80-MHz Bandwidth 2×2 MIMO-OFDM System in 5.2-GHz Band', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E94.D, no. 12, pp. 2400-2408.
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Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M, Hakimi, A & Abdipour, A 2011, 'A Novel Broad Bandwidth and Compact Backward Coupler with High Couplinglevel', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 2-3, pp. 283-293.
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Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 2011, 'Optimal Design of FIR Triplet Halfband Filter Bank and Application in Image Coding', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 586-591.
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This correspondence proposes an efficient semidefinite programming (SDP) method for the design of a class of linear phase finite impulse response triplet halfband filter banks whose filters have optimal frequency selectivity for a prescribed regularity o

Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 2011, 'Direct parameter extraction in feedthrough-embedded capacitive MEMS resonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 167, no. 2, pp. 237-244.
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Lee, JE-Y, Yan, J & Seshia, AA 2011, 'Study of lateral mode SOI-MEMS resonators for reduced anchor loss', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 045010-045010.
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Li, Y, Lin, ZW, Liu, H, Wang, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Yang, Q 2011, 'Three-dimensional magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite material at different frequencies', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 07B503-07B503.
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Due to their intrinsic isotropic magnetic properties, soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are applied in electrical machines in which the magnetic energy can be transported in three dimensions (3-D). However, in real applications, complicated magnetic properties such as anisotropy and nonlinearity, are found, in particular, at ahigh frequency range. This paper studies the 3-D magnetic properties of SMC materials under complicated magnetizations, such as circular, elliptical, and spherical excitations. The magnetic flux density vector B loci, magnetic field strength vector H loci, and core losses at magnetization frequencies ranging from 50–1000 Hz were measured and discussed using an improved 3-D testing system. Experimental results show that rotational core losses are greater than alternating losses at the same magnitude of flux density. In addition, rotational loss increases sharply around the saturation point, but is not observed in alternating loss.

Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, ZW, Guo, Y & Zhang, C 2011, 'Study on Rotational Hysteresis and Core Loss Under Three-Dimensional Magnetization', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3520-3523.
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In this paper, magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under alternating and various rotational magnetizations have been properly measured, modeled, and analyzed at typical frequencies of 5, 50, and 500 Hz. The relationship between the magnetic flux density vector B and magnetic field strength vector H has been systemically studied when the B loci are well controlled to be circles and ellipses in three orthogonal planes of the three-dimensional (3-D) tester. The core loss features against magnetic flux densities with alternating and rotational magnetizations are also compared and analyzed. It is found that the rotational core losses are nearly twice of the alternating core losses at the same magnitude of flux density. Experimental results show that SMC materials have good 3-D features, and great potential for application in rotational magnetic flux machines.

Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Guo, YG, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Philips, M, Cortie, M, Li, YC, Choi, K-Y & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe(1.9)Ni(0.1)As(2) single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging (vol 109, 07E142, 2011)', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 10.
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Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Guo, YG, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Philips, M, Cortie, M, Li, YC, Choi, K-Y & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 0-0.
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Superconductivity has been found in newly discovered iron-based compounds. This paper studies the motion of magnetic vortices in BaFe1.9Ni 0.1As2 single crystal by means of the magneto-optical imaging technique. A series of magneto-optical images reflecting magnetic flux distribution at the crystal surface were taken when the crystal was zero-field cooled to 10 K. The behavior of the vortices, including penetration into and expulsion from the single crystal with increasing and decreasing external fields, respectively, is discussed. The motion behavior is similar to that observed in high-Tc superconducting cuprates with strong vortex pinning; however, the flux-front is irregular due to randomly distributed defects in the crystal. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Ling, SH & Lam, HK 2011, 'Playing Tic-Tac-Toe Using Genetic Neural Network with Double Transfer Functions', Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 03, no. 01, pp. 37-44.
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Computational intelligence is a powerful tool for game development. In this paper, an algorithm of playing the game Tic-Tac-Toe with computational intelligence is developed. This algorithm is learned by a Neural Network with Double Transfer functions (NNDTF), which is trained by genetic algorithm (GA). In the NNDTF, the neuron has two transfer functions and exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer that enhances the learning ability of the network. A Tic-Tac-Toe game is used to show that the NNDTF provide a better performance than the traditional neural network does.

Ling, SSH & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Genetic-Algorithm-Based Multiple Regression With Fuzzy Inference System for Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 308-315.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures, and even death. It is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemic monitor is a noninvasive monitor that measures some physiological parameters continuously to provide detection of hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (T1DM). Based on heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval of the ECG signal, change of HR, and the change of corrected QT interval, we develop a genetic algorithm (GA)-based multiple regression with fuzzy inference system (FIS) to classify the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. GA is used to find the optimal fuzzy rules and membership functions of FIS and the model parameters of regression method. From a clinical study of 16 children with T1DM, natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes is associated with HRs and corrected QT intervals. The overall data were organized into a training set (eight patients) and a testing set (another eight patients) randomly selected. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs a good sensitivity with an acceptable specificity. © 2006 IEEE.

Liu, Y, Liu, B & Ling, SH 2011, 'The almost periodic solution of Lotka-Volterra recurrent neural networks with delays', NEUROCOMPUTING, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1062-1068.
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By the fixed-point theorem subject to different polyhedrons and some inequalities (e.g., the inequality resulted from quadratic programming), we obtain three theorems for the Lotka-Volterra recurrent neural networks having almost periodic coefficients and delays. One of the three theorems can only ensure the existence of an almost periodic solution, whose existence and uniqueness the other two theorems are about. By using Lyapunov function, the sufficient condition guaranteeing the global stability of the solution is presented. Furthermore, two numerical examples are employed to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the obtained criteria. Compared with known results, the networks model is novel, and the results are extended and improved. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Lu, Q, Yu, M, Ye, Y, Fang, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Thrust Force of Novel PM Transverse Flux Linear Oscillating Actuators With Moving Magnet', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4211-4214.
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This paper investigates the thrust forces of two novel permanent magnet transverse flux linear oscillating actuators (TFLOAs), one with moving magnet and the other moving both magnet and iron core, for pump and compressor drives. Different from the conventional linear actuators, the lamination construction of the TFLOAs is similar to that of a normal rotating motor, which is easy to stack. Based on a simple magnetic circuit model taking into account the interpole leakage flux, the thrust forces are deduced analytically. The predicted results are verified by the finite element analyses and validated by experiments. It is shown that the thrust force performances of both TFLOAs are similar, whereas the former has a lower thrust force density and higher resonant frequency.

Ma, M, Huang, X, Jiao, B & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Optimal Orthogonal Precoding for Power Leakage Suppression in DFT-Based Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 844-853.
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A solution to the power leakage minimization problem in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based communication systems is presented. In a conventional DFT based system, modulated subcarriers exhibit high sidelobe levels, which leads to significant out-of-band power leakage. Existing techniques found in the literature either do not achieve sufficient sidelobe suppression or suffer from significant spectral efficiency loss. Precoding can be seen as a general linear processing method for power leakage reduction, however, how to design the optimal linear precoder is still an open problem. In this paper, the power leakage suppression is first treated as a matrix Frobenius norm minimization problem, and then the optimal orthogonal precoding matrix design for the power leakage suppression is proposed based on singular value decomposition (SVD). By further exploiting the extra degrees of freedom in the precoding matrix, two kinds of optimized precoding matrices, one with multi-carrier property and the other with single-carrier property, are developed to take the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), respectively. Simulation results show that both the multi-carrier and the single-carrier precoding schemes achieve significant power leakage suppression, and have similar peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and bit-error-rate (BER) to those of OFDM and SC-FDMA systems, respectively. © 2011 IEEE.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2011, 'Analysis of Voltage Rise Effect on Distribution Network with Distributed Generation', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 14796-14801.
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Connections of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks are increasing. These connections of distributed generation cause voltage rise in the distribution network. This paper presents a detail analysis of how does voltage rise on distribution network due to the penetration of distributed generation. This paper also presents how does the voltage rise affect the connection of distributed generation on distribution network. The analysis is done on a simple two-bus distribution network and a radial distribution network with and without DG by using worst case scenario (minimum load maximum generation). Finally, some recommendations are given to counteract the voltage rise effect. © 2011 IFAC.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2011, 'Robust Nonlinear State Feedback for Power Systems under Structured Uncertainty', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 3741-3746.
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This paper presents a robust nonlinear state feedback linearization approach for power systems with uncertainties. The uncertainties considered here are a class of bounded perturbations to the state model of power systems. The control law is applied through the excitation system of the synchronous generators connected to the power systems to enhance the stability of the system. In this paper, uncertainties are considered for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. A Lyapunov-based concept is used to guarantee uniform ultimate boundedness. © 2011 IFAC.

Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhang, Q, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Liu, D 2011, 'Robust Multilevel Optimization of PMSM Using Design for Six Sigma', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3248-3251.
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In this paper, a robust optimization method based on design for six sigma (DFSS) is combined to the optimization of a surface mounted permanent synchronous machine (PMSM) by using multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA). First, MLGA and DFSS are introduced in the robust optimization. Second, by taking into account the tolerances of the motor products, important input parameters could be varied with six sigma distribution and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method is used to reduce the calculation cost. Third, to verify the new algorithm, the presented algorithm is applied to the optimization of a PMSM. The results compared with those of traditional GA and MLGA and the discussion of the robust optimization combined with MLGA are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 2011, 'Addressing Schemes for Body Area Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1310-1313.
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This letter explores address allocation in Body Area Networks (BANs) and proposes two novel schemes - Optimized Prophet Address Allocation (OPAA) and Hierarchical Collision-free Address Protocol (HCAP). The aim of the schemes is to use fewer bits in the address space, solve address wastage problems, reduce collisions and improve power efficiency. The usability and efficiency of the proposed schemes is shown through simulation and analysis. © 2006 IEEE.

Ngoc, HP, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2011, 'Phase Angle Control of High-Frequency Resonant Currents in a Multiple Inverter System for Zone-Control Induction Heating', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 3357-3366.
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This paper presents a phase angle control method of high-frequency resonant currents in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system, which consists of split working coils and multiple inverters. The ZCIH system controls the amplitude of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the workpiece uniform. The amplitude of the coil current can be controlled in a wide range when its phase angle is adjusted to be the same with other coil currents. This paper theoretically derives the phase-angle change of the coil current in transient states, and reveals that the phase-angle change can be considered as a first-order response. A phase-angle controller was designed and examined in experiments using a two-zone ZCIH system. It is clarified that the phase angle control makes it possible to adjust the current phase angle not only in steady states but also in transient states.

Nguyen, TN, Su, SW & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Robust Neuro-Sliding Mode Multivariable Control Strategy for Powered Wheelchairs', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-111.
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This paper proposes an advanced robust multivariable control strategy for a powered wheelchair system. The new control strategy is based on a combination of the systematic triangularization technique and the robust neuro-sliding mode control approach. This strategy effectively copes with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances in real-time in order to achieve robustness and optimal performance of a multivariable system. This novel strategy reduces coupling effects on a multivariable system, eliminates chattering phenomena, and avoids the plant Jacobian calculation problem. Furthermore, the strategy can also achieve fast and global convergence using less computation. The effectiveness of the new multivariable control strategy is verified in real-time implementation on a powered wheelchair system. The obtained results confirm that robustness and desired performance of the overall system are guaranteed, even under parameter uncertainty and external disturbance effects. © 2010 IEEE.

NGUYEN, TXM, MIYANAGA, Y & SAIVICHIT, C 2011, 'Connectivity Modeling Analysis in Flight-Path Based Aviation Ad Hoc Networks', IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol. E94-B, no. 6, pp. 1606-1616.
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Ni, W, Chen, Z, Suzuki, H & Collings, IB 2011, 'On the Performance of Semi-Orthogonal User Selection with Limited Feedback', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1359-1361.
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Otoom, AF, Gunes, H, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 2011, 'MLiT: mixtures of Gaussians under linear transformations', PATTERN ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 193-205.
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The curse of dimensionality hinders the effectiveness of density estimation in high dimensional spaces. Many techniques have been proposed in the past to discover embedded, locally linear manifolds of lower dimensionality, including the mixture of principal component analyzers, the mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers and the mixture of factor analyzers. In this paper, we propose a novel mixture model for reducing dimensionality based on a linear transformation which is not restricted to be orthogonal nor aligned along the principal directions. For experimental validation, we have used the proposed model for classification of five 'hard' data sets and compared its accuracy with that of other popular classifiers. The performance of the proposed method has outperformed that of the mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers on four out of the five compared data sets with improvements ranging from 0. 5 to 3.2%. Moreover, on all data sets, the accuracy achieved by the proposed method outperformed that of the Gaussian mixture model with improvements ranging from 0.2 to 3.4%. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Mei, T, Zhang, J & Hua, X-S 2011, 'Clip-based hierarchical representation for near-duplicate video detection', International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 88, no. 18, pp. 3817-3833.
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Pan, HH, Wang, ZK, Lim, HS, Ng, SC, Zhang, VL, Kuok, MH, Tran, TT & Lu, XM 2011, 'Hypersonic confined eigenvibrations of gold nano-octahedra', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 98, no. 13, pp. 133123-133123.
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The size-dependence of the vibrational mode frequencies of octahedron-shaped gold nanocrystals has been measured by micro-Brillouin spectroscopy. A finite element analysis reveals that the nine well-resolved peaks observed are due to confined acoustic modes with each peak arising from more than one mode. The elastic constants of the nanocrystals are found to be comparable to those of bulk gold crystals. Findings suggest that the eigenfrequencies of any free regular-shaped homogeneous object always scale with its inverse linear dimension. Additionally, this universal relationship is valid for such objects of any size in the classical regime and is independent of elastic properties.

Pham, TQ, Perry, SW, Fletcher, PA & Ashman, RA 2011, 'Paper fingerprinting using alpha-masked image matching', IET Computer Vision, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 232-232.
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Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2011, 'Beamforming in Nonorthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1258-1263.
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This paper considers wireless amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks in which the source communicates with the relays and destination in the first phase and the relays simultaneously forward signals to the destination in the second phase over uncorrelat

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Cai, Y, Dutkiewicz, E & Liang, C-H 2011, 'A Reconfigurable Antenna With Frequency and Polarization Agility', IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 10, pp. 1373-1376.
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A new antenna with both frequency and polarization reconfigurability is presented. The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch with a single probe feed located along the diagonal line. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to a shorting post via a p-i-n diode for polarization switching and two varactor diodes for frequency tuning. By switching between the different states of the p-i-n diodes, the proposed antenna can produce radiation patterns with horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarization. By varying the dc bias voltage, the operating frequency of each polarization of the antenna can be independently tuned. The frequency tuning range is from 1.35 to 2.25 GHz (|S11| <; -10 dB) for either horizontal or vertical polarization and from 1.35 to 1.9 GHz for the 45° linear polarization. Measured results on frequency tuning ranges and radiation patterns agree well with numerical simulations.

Rahman, BMA, Uthman, M, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Design of bent photonic crystal fiber supporting a single polarization', Applied Optics, vol. 50, no. 35, pp. 6505-6505.
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Sabbagh, AA, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 2011, 'A comprehensive survey on rat selection algorithms for heterogeneous networks', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 73, pp. 141-145.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Salisa, AR, Zhang, N & Zhu, JG 2011, 'A Comparative Analysis of Fuel Economy and Emissions Between a Conventional HEV and the UTS PHEV', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 44-54.
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Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the novel powertrain configuration of the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) plug-in HEV (PHEV) contains only one electric machine, which functions as either an electric motor or a generator in different time intervals specified by a special energy management strategy (EMS). This paper presents a comparative analysis of the fuel economy and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between a conventional HEV and the UTS PHEV, which includes vehicle modeling, EMS development, and a simulation model of the conventional HEV, which is embedded in the advanced vehicle simulator, and the UTS PHEV simulation code. The fuel economy and the emissions, such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are computed, analyzed, and compared for the two standard drive cycles, i.e., 1) the high-speed highway drive cycle and 2) the low-speed city drive cycle, proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and their combination. © 2010 IEEE.

Shahbazi, M, Wang, XL, Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG, Dou, SX & Choi, KY 2011, 'Magnetoresistance, critical current density, and magnetic flux pinning mechanism in nickel doped BaFe2As2 single crystals', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 07E151-07E151.
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The critical current density, Jc, flux pinning behavior and magneto- resistance results of BaFe2-xNixAs2 single crystal have been investigated in fields up to 13 T over a temperature range of 2 to 20 K. The magnetoresistance below the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) shows Arrhenius thermally activated behavior: ρ = ρoexp(-Uo(T,H)/kBT), where Uo is the thermally activated energy. BaFe2-xNixAs2 exhibits high thermally activated flux flow energy with a very weak field dependence. Jc is as high as 2 × 105 A/cm2 for zero magnetic field at 2 K. Jc was found to decrease for B &lt; 1 T, but showed a very weak field dependence and remained nearly constant with increasing magnetic field for B &gt; 1 T at T = 2, 5, and 10 K. Flux jumping was also observed in magnetization loops at very low temperature for large sample, which is related to the high Jc in the single crystal. A peak effect was observed at 10 K.

Shahbazi, M, Wang, XL, Shekhar, C, Srivastava, ON, Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG & Dou, SX 2011, 'Upper critical field and thermally activated flux flow in LaFeAsO1−xFx', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 07E162-07E162.
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The magneto-resistance, critical current density, Jc, upper critical field, Hc2, and flux pinning properties of LaFeAsO1−xFx superconductors were investigated systematically by magnetic and magneto-transport measurements in the fields up to 13 T over a temperature range of 5–35 K. It was found that the Hc2 increased with increasing fluorine concentration up to x ≤ 0.15, while with higher fluorine doping, Hc2 decreased. A peak effect in the Jc as a function of field was observed at T &lt; 15 K for both the 5% and 15% fluorine doped samples. The broadening of the superconducting transition in magnetic field can be well understood by the thermally activated flux flow model. The pinning potential, Uo, scales as Uo/kB ∝ B−n with n = 0.13 for B &lt; 1 T and n =− 0.68 for B &gt; 1 T for LaFeAsO0.85F0.15.

Tanvir, H, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Evolution of Highly Confined Surface Plasmon Modes in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Waveguides', Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 2116-2125.
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Thalakotuna, D, Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M, Esselle, KP & Hay, SG 2011, 'Active Switching Devices in a Tunable EBG Structure: Placement Strategies and Modelling', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 11-12, pp. 1740-1751.
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Tran, T & Ha, QP 2011, 'Networked control systems with accumulative quadratic constraint', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 108-+.
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Presented is a newly developed stability condition used as the stability constraint for the model predictive control of networked control systems in an imperfect data environment. The closed-loop stability is established in real time based on the evolvement of input and output correlations prescribed in the accumulative quadratic constraint. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Stabilising agent design for the control of interconnected systems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1140-1156.
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This article presents a new control design strategy for stabilising large-scale interconnected systems operating in semi-automatic control modes. The large-scale system is modelled by subsystems connected to each other in an arbitrary configuration. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated multivariable controller that also allows for a manual control mode. The notion of asymptotically positive realness constraint (APRC) is introduced and applied for deriving the interconnection stabilisability condition in the time domain. The interactions between subsystems are taken into consideration in the stability condition. The APRC is subsequently employed in the so-called stabilising agent to accommodate the closed-loop control and man-in-the-loop coexistence. The multipliers of the APRC quadratic supply rate are updated on-the-fly to ensure that the constraint satisfaction of stabilising agents is recursively feasible. The stabilising agents are developed independently from the control law under the same auspice controller. Due to this independence, operational errors from the manual control adjustments, that may destabilise the control systems, can be avoided. The decentralised agents render stabilising bounds for the manipulated variables in the automatic control mode, and at the same time, provide warning signals and manipulation guidance for the operators to prevent possible plant-wide destabilisation in the manual control mode. Our main results are illustrated through numerical simulations for an industrial modular system.

Tran, TP, Nguyen, TTS, Tsai, P & Kong, X 2011, 'BSPNN: boosted subspace probabilistic neural network for email security', Artificial Intelligence Review, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 369-382.
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Detailed information on ACM DL web site: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1969389.1969400 "BSPNN: boosted subspace probabilistic neural network for email security"

Tran, TT & Lu, X 2011, 'Synergistic Effect of Ag and Pd Ions on Shape-Selective Growth of Polyhedral Au Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 3638-3645.
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Tune, P & Veitch, D 2011, 'Fisher Information in Flow Size Distribution Estimation', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 7011-7035.
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van Staden, AJ, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'A model predictive control strategy for load shifting in a water pumping scheme with maximum demand charges', Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 12, pp. 4785-4794.
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Weaver, M, Green, J, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Cutajar, D, Franklin, D, Jakubek, J, Carolan, MG, Conway, M, Pospisil, S, Kron, T, Metcalfe, P, Zaider, M & Rosenfeld, AB 2011, 'Three-dimensional dosimetry imaging of I-125 plaque for eye cancer treatment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 633, pp. S276-S278.
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Wong, K-YK, Zhang, G & Chen, Z 2011, 'A Stratified Approach for Camera Calibration Using Spheres', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 305-316.
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Xia, X & Zhang, J 2011, 'Modeling and Control of Heavy-Haul Trains [Applications of Control]', IEEE Control Systems, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 18-31.
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Xia, X, Zhang, J & Elaiw, A 2011, 'An application of model predictive control to the dynamic economic dispatch of power generation', Control Engineering Practice, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 638-648.
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Xiao, H, Qiu, J, Wang, S, Zhang, Q, Gong, W, Xin, Y, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2011, 'Analysis of Transient Overvoltage in 220 kV Saturated Core HTS FCL', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2620-2623.
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Saturated Core High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Fault Current Limiter (FCL) is one kind of limiters that can work effectively on short-circuit current limitation. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model depending on ac coil of HTS FCL is built for voltage distribution analysis under transient overvoltage. The equivalent circuit components, such as the capacitances and inductances, are calculated by using ?nite element method. The voltage distribution and oscillation analysis of ac coil may bene?t to the insulation design of HTS FCL.

Xiaojing Huang & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency-Domain AoA Estimation and Beamforming with Wideband Hybrid Arrays', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2543-2553.
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High speed long range millimetre-wave (mm-wave) links can be achieved by using wideband hybrid antenna arrays of sub-arrays. Due to the array architecture difference, conventional wideband angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming techniques are not applicable to such wideband hybrid arrays. Targeted at point-to-point line-of-sight wireless transmission in the 70/80 GHz E bands, a unified frequency-domain AoA estimation and beamforming algorithm suitable for large scale wideband hybrid arrays of both interleaved and side-by-side sub-arrays is proposed in this paper. The AoA estimation performance is analyzed by deriving a recursive modified Cramr-Rao bound (MCRB). The effect of mutual coupling among antenna elements on the estimation performance is also considered for the hybrid array of side-by-side sub-arrays. The analytical results can be used to determine system parameters according to required system specifications. Simulation results show that the proposed AoA estimation algorithm is robust against practical impairments, and the frequency dependency of the array pattern is significantly reduced after digital beamforming. Simulated mean square errors of AoA estimation are also compared with the analytical bounds, showing that the derived recursive MCRB provides a meaningful indication to the AoA estimation performance. © 2006 IEEE.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y & Lei, G 2011, 'New Axial Laminated-Structure Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine With 6/7 Poles', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2823-2826.
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In this paper, one new axially laminated-structure ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (ALSFSPMM) with 6/7 (stator/rotor) poles is proposed. Different from the conventional ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM), the stator and rotor of ALSFSPMM are laminated parallel to the axial direction, which can make full use of PM ?ux linkage, decrease part magnetic saturation, and reduce the iron loss particularly in the range of high speed. By the 2-D model prediction of ?nite element algorithm (FEA), ALSFSPMM has lower cogging torque, stronger ?ux weakening ability, greater torque density, higher ef?ciency, etc., and hence it is an ideal candidate for the drive system of plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV).

Yang, G, Chen, X, Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2011, 'Domain Decomposition Combined Radial Basis Function Collocation Method to Solve Transient Eddy Current Magnetic Problems With Moving Conductors', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2939-2942.
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Radial basis function (RBF) collocation method is a kind of pure meshless numerical method and has been applied to solve static and transient electromagnetic problems. Especially, it shows a great advantage in the computation of moving conductor eddy current magnetic problems. To simulate the conductor movement, the field equations are decoupled with superposition principle and solved by time-domain iteration under moving coordinate systems. One problem is that the coefficient matrix of RBF governing equations, which needs to be computed in each iteration step, is full. As the number of RBF nodes increases, the computational capacity will grow rapidly. The domain decomposition method (DDM), which divides the solving domain into several subdomains, could be conveniently combined with RBF collocation method. This paper first applies DDM combined RBF collocation method to compute transient eddy current magnetic field problems with moving conductors. With this novel method, the iteration only proceeds in the subdomains containing conductors. And the magnetic field in the subdomains without conductors needs to be computed just once before the iteration. The dimension of the coefficient matrix computed in the iteration is only determined by the number of nodes in the corresponding subdomains and on the interfaces. An engineering problem is computed to show that the DDM combined RBF collocation method is much more efficient than the normal one.

Yong Cai & Guo, YJ 2011, 'A Frequency-Agile Compact Array With a Reconfigurable Decoupling and Matching Network', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1031-1034.
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A new frequency-agile compact antenna array incorporating a reconfigurable decoupling and matching network (DMN) is presented. The array consists of two printed monopole antennas, each loaded with a p-i-n diode. By changing the p-i-n diode states through an inductive biasing line, the array operating frequency can be tuned to the 2.5-or 3.5-GHz band. The array interelement spacing is chosen to be as small as 0.05 λ 0 at 2.5 GHz, which results in a strong mutual coupling between antenna ports. A reconfigurable DMN is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling when the array frequency is switched. Measured results show that the use of the DMN realizes a matched (S 11 ≤-10 dB) and decoupled (S 21 ≤-20 dB) bandwidth of 150 and 160 MHz in the lower and higher bands, respectively. In addition, compared to the strongly coupled array, at least 9% antenna total efficiency improvement is measured over a 125-MHz bandwidth in both the lower and the higher bands. The effect of the ohmic loss in the DMN on the antenna correlation is also investigated. © 2011 IEEE.

Yongchang Zhang & Jianguo Zhu 2011, 'A Novel Duty Cycle Control Strategy to Reduce Both Torque and Flux Ripples for DTC of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives With Switching Frequency Reduction', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 3055-3067.
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Conventional switching-table-based direct torque control (DTC) presents large torque and flux ripples as well as variable switching frequency. Many methods have been proposed to tackle the aforementioned problems, among which duty cycle control is a kind

Yongchang Zhang & Jianguo Zhu 2011, 'Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Reduced Torque Ripple and Commutation Frequency', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 235-248.
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In conventional direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, there is usually undesired torque and flux ripple. The existing literature have proposed some methods to reduce torque and flux ripple by optimizing the duty ratio o

YOSHIZAWA, S, IKEUCHI, H & MIYANAGA, Y 2011, 'VLSI Implementation of a Scalable Pipeline MMSE MIMO Detector for a 4*4 MIMO-OFDM Receiver', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E94-A, no. 1, pp. 324-331.
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Zhang, G, Ostergaard, J, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 2011, 'High-Rate Analysis of Symmetric L-Channel Multiple Description Coding', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 1846-1856.
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Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'A model predictive control approach to the periodic implementation of the solutions of the optimal dynamic resource allocation problem', Automatica, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 358-362.
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Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z & Zhu, J 2011, 'A Hybrid PWM Applied to High-Power Three-Level Inverter-Fed Induction-Motor Drives', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 3409-3420.
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A hybrid pulsewidth modulation (PWM), combining the merits of both space-vector PWM (SVPWM) and selective harmonic elimination (SHE) PWM (SHEPWM), is proposed for three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter-fed high-power adjustable-speed drives, wh

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Xu, W & Guo, Y 2011, 'A Simple Method to Reduce Torque Ripple in Direct Torque-Controlled Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor by Using Vectors With Variable Amplitude and Angle', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2848-2859.
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In this paper, a modified direct torque control (DTC) for permanent-magnet synchronous machines, which enables important torque- and flux-ripple reduction by using voltage vectors with variable amplitude and angle, is proposed. In the proposed DTC, the amplitudes of torque and flux errors are differentiated and employed to regulate the amplitude and angle of the output voltage vectors online, which are finally synthesized by space-vector modulation (SVM). Two simple formulas are developed to derive the amplitude and angle of the commanding voltage vectors from the errors of torque and flux only. The conventional switching table and hysteresis controllers are eliminated, and a fixed switching frequency is obtained with the help of SVM. Stator flux is estimated from an improved voltage model, which is based on a low-pass filter with compensations of the amplitude and phase. The proposed DTC is comparatively investigated with the existing SVM-DTC from the aspects of theory analysis, computer simulation, and experimental validation. The simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed DTC is very simple and provides excellent steady-state response, quick dynamic performance, and strong robustness against external disturbance and control-parameter variations.

Zhao, W, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 2011, 'Current Control of Grid-Connected Boost Inverter With Zero Steady-State Error', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2825-2834.
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Zheng, L, He, X, Wu, Q & Samali, B 2011, 'A system for licence plate recognition using a hierarchically combined classifier', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 189-189.
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In a real time, automatic licence plate recognition system, licence detection, character segmentation and character recognition are three important components. All these three components generally require high accuracy and fast recognition speed to process. In this paper, general processing steps for license plate recognition (LPR) are addressed. After three types of combined classifiers are introduced and compared, a hierarchically combined classifier is designed based on an inductive learning-based method and an support vector machine (SVM)-based classification. This approach employs the inductive learning-based method to roughly divide all classes into smaller groups. Then, the SVM approach is used for character classification in individual groups. Having obtained a collection of samples of characters in advance from licence plates after licence detection and character segmentation steps, some known samples are available for training. After the training process, the inductive learning rules are extracted for rough classification and the parameters used for SVM-based classification are obtained. Then, a classification tree is constructed for next fast training and testing processes based on SVMs. The experimental results show that the hierarchically combined classifier is better than either the inductive learning-based classification or the SVM-based classification with a lower error rate and a faster processing speed. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Lin, ZW, Li, YJ & Huang, YK 2011, 'Development of PM Transverse Flux Motors With Soft Magnetic Composite Cores', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4376-4383.
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Compared with the conventional fixed speed drive, a major factor that handicaps the wide acceptance of variable speed drive with high ef?ciency permanent magnet (PM) motors is its high cost. This paper presents an effort to reduce the material and manufacturing costs of PM motors by using the soft magnetic composite (SMC), and the highly matured powder metallurgic technology. Because the SMCs magnetic properties are quite different from that of the traditional silicon steel sheets, special efforts have been made on measurement and modelling of vectorial magnetic properties, electrical machine topologies, and drive schemes in order to make the best use of the material. Various PM SMC motors of transverse ?ux topologies have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The detailed results are presented and discussed

Afzal, MU, Qureshi, AA, Tarar, MA & Taqueer, T 1970, 'Modeling and simulation of an X-band planar phased array antenna', 2011 China-Japan Joint Microwave Conference Proceedings, CJMW 2011, pp. 231-234.
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In fields like medical science, communication, weather forecasting and defense industry, active phased array radars is a revolutionary development, due to its benefit of beam steering over conventional radar. Small size, light weight, efficient and high gain antenna array design are important areas of research in active phase array radar that can meet the subject requirements. Paper presents compact micro strip patched phase array antenna at X-band. The design process, along with the simulated results of beam steering, is presented. Simulations were carried out in Momentum - an Electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool of Advance Design System (ADS) software. Simulated results matched well with the theoretical values. © 2011 CJMW.

Afzal, MU, Qureshi, AA, Tarar, MA & Tauqeer, T 1970, 'Analysis, design, and simulation of phased array radar front-end', 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2011), IEEE.
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Phased array technology has brought revolution not only in the defense but also in the commercial industry. Considering the development taking place in this area, it can be safely said that the future belongs to the phased array technology. This paper presents system level modeling and integration of the front end of phased array radar. This includes the modeling and simulation of an antenna array, transceiver (TR) module and the target detection. Concept of beam formation and steering is also explained with the help of simulation. The system level modeling is carried out in Advance Design System (ADS) and Momentum - an Electromagnetic (EM) tool of ADS. An effort in the simulations is made towards the realization, understanding and highlighting the challenges involved in the practical implementation of the system. © 2011 IEEE.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Ultra Low Bending Loss Spiral Photonic Crystal Fibers in Terahertz Regime', CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, CLEO: Science and Innovations, OSA.
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Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On stability and performance of finite control set MPC for power converters', 2011 Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, 2011 IEEE Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE), IEEE, Munich, Germany, pp. 55-62.
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In the present work, we provide sufficient conditions for local practical stability for a specific class of power converters controlled via Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control which can be modeled as linear time-invariant systems with quantized input. In addition, we also establish bounds on the steady state behaviour of such systems. As illustrative examples, we apply our results to two converters, namely, a buck DC-DC converter, and a 2-level DC-AC inverter in a dq-coordinate frame. © 2011 IEEE.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On the stability of MPC with a Finite Input Alphabet', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, IFAC World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano, Italy, pp. 7975-7980.
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This paper studies stability of Model Predictive Control for systems with a finite input alphabet. Since this kind of systems may present a steady-state error under closedloop control, the forms is on stability in the sense of ultimate boundedness of solutions. To derive suffcient conditions for stability, two different approaches are presented. The first one approximates the finite input alphabet via saturation-control allowing us to analyze the problem from a robust control perspective. In the second approach, a direct analysis of the problem is carried out. The results thus obtained are shown to be less conservative regarding ultimate bounded set than those obtained via the robust control approach. © 2011 IFAC.

Al Sabbagh, A, Braun, RM & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'A Comprehensive Survey on RAT Selection Algorithms for Beyond 3G Networks', International Conference on Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2011), International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - WASET, Dubai, pp. 834-838.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Ali, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Identification of critical parameters for distribution networks with DFIG and dynamic loads', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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In this paper, the modelling of distribution network with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented in a different way where the resistances of the lines are considered. Induction motor is considered as dynamic load which causes the voltage stability problems in power distribution system. Based on this modelling, this paper presents an analysis to investigate the critical parameters for distribution systems with dynamic loads where DFIGs are used as distributed generation that affect the stability. In order to analyze the critical parameters, the system is linearized about an operating point by using Taylor series expansion method. The critical parameters are investigated through the concept of eigenvalues and participation factors. Finally this paper shows that varying the line resistor, the marginally stable system goes to the unstable mode. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Anand, S, Nylk, J, Dodds, C, Cooper, JM, Neale, SN & McGloin, D 1970, 'Optical manipulation of aerosols using surface acoustic wave nebulisation', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in Mid-Infrared', 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1 km1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © 2011 OSA.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular Spiral Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber for Supercontinuum Generation in Mid-Infrared', CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, CLEO: Applications and Technology, OSA.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km at 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1km-1 at 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/ CLEO 2011.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in mid-infrared', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1km-1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/CLEO 2011.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in mid-infrared', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1km-1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/CLEO 2011.

Aziz, T, Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 1970, 'Stability evaluation of distributed generator integrated system with index based placement of STATCOM', 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia), IEEE.
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Wide-scale penetration of small distributed generation (DG) units to weak distribution systems is one of the major concerns for power system engineers. As grid standards limit reactive power generation capability of small DG units, lack of sufficient reactive power support, brings the problem of slow voltage recovery under post-fault conditions. In this paper, a STATic COMpensator (STATCOM), which is chosen as a dynamic volt-ampere reactive (VAR) compensator has been placed in DG integrated systems based on a new index. Impact of index based placement of STATCOMs on angle stability has been investigated in details with both modal and time domain analyses. Simulation results confirm satisfactory voltage recovery and damping improvement with index based placement of STATCOMs. An IEEE industrial mesh system with various dynamic motor loads is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM placement technique. © 2011 IEEE.

Balasubramanian, V, Hoang, DB & Zia, TA 1970, 'Addressing the Confidentiality and Integrity of Assistive Care Loop Framework Using Wireless Sensor Networks', 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering, 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), IEEE, Las Vegas Nevada USA, pp. 416-421.
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In-house healthcare monitoring applications are continuous time-critical applications often built upon Body Area Wireless Sensor Networks (BAWSNs). Our Assistive Care Loop Framework (ACLF) is an in-house healthcare application capable of monitoring the health conditions of aged/patients over a dedicated period of time by deploying the BAWSN as the monitoring component. However, the wireless medium used in the BAWSN for communications is prone to vulnerabilities that could open a door to attackers tampering with or compromising the userâs data privacy. Hence, it is imperative to maintain the privacy and integrity of the data to gain the confidence and hence, the acceptance of the users of the healthcare applications. Furthermore, in time-critical applications, the vital health conditions must be monitored at regular intervals within their specified critical time. Therefore, the security model proposed for the BAWSN must not incur undue overheads when meeting the critical time requirements of the application. In this paper, we propose and implement a secure adaptive triple-key scheme (TKS) for the BAWSN to achieve the privacy and integrity of the monitored data with minimal overheads. We then present the performance results of our scheme for the BAWSN, using real-time test-bed implementations and simulations.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Empirical Survey: Experimentation and Implementations of High Speed Protocol Data Transfer for GRID', 2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), IEEE, Biopolis Singapore, pp. 335-340.
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Many TCP protocol variants have demonstrated better performance in simulation and several limited network experiments. However, practical use in real applications of these protocols is still very limited because of the implementation and installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transfer bulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application level solutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered in the application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based Data Transport Protocol). UDT is considered one of the most recently developed new transport protocols with congestion control algorithms. It was developed to support next generation high-speed networks, including wide area optical networks. It is considered a state-of-the-art protocol, which promptly addresses various infrastructure requirements for transmitting data in high-speed networks. Its development, however, creates new vulnerabilities because like many other protocols, it is designed to rely solely on existing security mechanisms for existing protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Some of these security mechanisms cannot be used to absolutely protect UDT, just as security mechanisms devised for wired networks cannot be used to protect unwired ones. Both the recently developed UDT and the decades-old TCP/UDP lack a well-thought-out security architecture that addresses problems in today's networks. In this paper, we extend our previous work and implement our developed security methodology that can assist network and security investigators, designers, and users who consider and incorporate security when implementing UDT across wide area networks. These can support security architectural designs of UDP-based protocols as well as assist in the future development of other state-of-the-art fast data transfer protocols.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Formalization and Information-Theoretic Soundness in the Development of Security Architecture for Next Generation Network Protocol - UDT', SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, International Conference on Security Technology (SecTech), Springer Verlag Berlin, Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 183-194.
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The development and deployment of User Datagram Protocol (UDP)- based Data Transfer (UDT) is undoubtedly strongly reliant upon existing security mechanisms. However, existing mechanisms are developed for mature protocols such as TCP/UDP. We, therefore, developed proprietary mechanisms to form a security architecture for UDT. The primary objectives of the architecture include the management of messages through Authentication Option (AO) and cryptographic keys, the security of data communications, and the integration of data protection enhancing technologies across all the layers. Our approach is the result of our work which started in 2008. We verified each mechanism through formalisation to achieve informationtheoretic soundness of the architecture. The results achieve the enhancement of existing schemes to introduce a novel approach to integrate mechanisms to secure UDT in its deployment. The architecture does include available and well-discussed schemes, which are used in other protocols, with proven computational intelligence which can be upgraded so as to provide improved security and primary protection in future extensive UDT deployments. In this work, we present UDT Security Architecture with suitable mechanisms to ensure preservation of data integrity in data transmission.

Borzeshi, EZ, Piccardi, M & Xu, RYD 1970, 'A discriminative prototype selection approach for graph embedding in human action recognition', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), IEEE, Barcelona Spain, pp. 1295-1301.
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This paper proposes a novel graph-based method for representing a human's shape during the performance of an action. Despite their strong representational power, graphs are computationally cumbersome for pattern analysis. One way of circumventing this problem is that of transforming the graphs into a vector space by means of graph embedding. Such an embedding can be conveniently obtained by way of a set of 'prototype' graphs and a dissimilarity measure: yet, the critical step in this approach is the selection of a suitable set of prototypes which can capture both the salient structure within each action class as well as the intra-class variation. This paper proposes a new discriminative approach for the selection of prototypes which maximizes a function of the inter- and intra-class distances. Experiments on an action recognition dataset reported in the paper show that such a discriminative approach outperforms well-established prototype selection methods such as center, border and random prototype selection.

Borzeshi, EZ, Xu, R & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic Human Action Recognition in Videos by Graph Embedding', Lecture Notes in Computer Science.Image Analysis and Processing - ICIAP 2011.16th International Conference Part II, International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Ravenna, Italy, pp. 19-28.
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The problem of human action recognition has received increasing attention in recent years for its importance in many applications. Yet, the main limitation of current approaches is that they do not capture well the spatial relationships in the subject performing the action. This paper presents an initial study which uses graphs to represent the actorâs shape and graph embedding to then convert the graph into a suitable feature vector. In this way, we can benefit from the wide range of statistical classifiers while retaining the strong representational power of graphs. The paper shows that, although the proposed method does not yet achieve accuracy comparable to that of the best existing approaches, the embedded graphs are capable of describing the deformable human shape and its evolution along the time. This confirms the interesting rationale of the approach and its potential for future performance.

Borzeshi, EZ, Xu, R & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic Human Action Recognition in Videos by Graph Embedding', IMAGE ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING - ICIAP 2011, PT II, 16th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Ravenna, ITALY, pp. 19-28.

Cai, Y & Jay Guo, Y 1970, 'A reconfigurable decoupling and matching network for a frequency agile compact array', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, pp. 896-899.
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A novel frequency reconfigurable compact array incorporating a reconfigurable decoupling and matching network (DMN) is proposed. The array radiating part consists of two printed monopole antennas. An inductive biasing line is devised to control the PIN diode states so that the array operating frequency is switchable between 2.5 and 3.5 GHz bands. The element spacing is chosen to be as small as 0.050 at 2.5GHz, which leads to a strong mutual coupling between antenna ports. A reconfigurable DMN is proposed to mitigate the mutual coupling effect for both 2.5 and 3.5GHz bands. Simulation results show that the use of the DMN realizes a well matched (S11 <= -10dB) and decoupled (S21 <= -20dB) bandwidth of 70MHz and 120MHz in the lower and higher bands, respectively. The antenna total efficiency can be substantially affected by the internal resistor when the PIN diodes are in the ON state. The compact size and frequency reconfigurability feature greatly save the antenna real estate. The decoupled array can be useful for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) diversity system. © 2011 EurAAP.

Chaczko, Z & Aslanzadeh, S 1970, 'C2EN: Anisotropic Model of Cloud Computing', 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering, 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), IEEE, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 467-473.
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In Cloud computing, due to non-locale and a multi-tenancy of services and resources, there is a need for sophisticated methods for the metering of efficiency, availability and utilisation of services and resources. Setup and management of computing infrastructure, that is in a state of constant flux, related uncertainties of the state of individual elements as well as levels of their usage per application or user on an hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly basis - pose serious challenges. This paper describes how the Anisotropic Network concept, with its mathematical apparatus, can be adopted to model, monitor and manage usage of the cloud computing resources and services seen as an elastic network of interacting elements that are in a constant motion. Various aspects of service utilisation prediction and anisotropic resource movements related to the novel Cloud Computing Elastic Network (C2EN) model will be discussed in the context of a mathematical model and experimental results of simulations.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S & Klempous, R 1970, 'Development of software with cloud computing in 3TZ collaborative team environment', 7th International Conference on Broadband Communications and Biomedical Applications, 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 318-323.
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In the global economy, we have seen a decrease in the barriers towards communication across the globe along with an increase of service availability to support this communication. Software development is one discipline that is capable of effectively utilizing and benefiting from global collaboration prospect lent by ever increasing capability of information and communication technology. 24-hour continues development is ideal for application towards tasks that have hard-deadlines or require work completed as soon as possible. This article will mainly focus on introducing 24/7 global models that can be applied in cloud environment used in three different time zones. The case study related to developing agricultural software has been investigated in this article.

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Aslanzadeh, S & Dune, T 1970, 'Software Infrastructure for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks.', ICSEng, International Conference on Systems Engineering, IEEE, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 474-479.
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In the development of large ad-hoc Wireless Sensor and Actuator Agent Networks (SANETS), a multitude of disparate problems are faced. In order for these networks to function, software must be able to effectively manage: unreliable dynamic distributed communication, the power constraints of un-wired devices, failure of hardware devices in hostile environments and the remote allocation of distributed processing tasks throughout the network. The solutions to these problems must be solved in a highly scalable manner. The paper describes the process of analysis of the requirements and presents a design of a service-oriented software infrastructure (middleware) solution for scalable ad-hoc networks, in a context of a system made of mobile sensors and actuators.

Chan, KY & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Analysis of RF MEMS integrated tunable high impedance surface at 60 GHz', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 562-565.
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This paper presents an analysis of tunable high impedance surface (HIS) integrated with RF MEMS varactors at 60 GHz. The HIS phase response with different number of RF MEMS varactors integrated with dipoles is shown. The effect of shifting RF MEMS varactors across the proposed dipoles and patches are highlighted. This paper provides a guideline for designing HIS integrated with RF MEMS varactors. It illustrates the significance of RF MEMS varactor location versus HIS phase response. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Kwong, CK, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'Using Genetic Programming for Developing Relationship between Engineering Characteristics and Customer Requirements in New Products', 2011 6TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (ICIEA), IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 526-531.
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In product planning, development of models of relationship between engineering characteristics and customer requirements in new products is an important process in quality function deployment (QFD), which is a widely used customer driven approach. In this paper, a methodology based on genetic programming (GP) is presented to generate a reliable model that can be used to predict the customer requirements from the engineering characteristics. The proposed GP based method, which has the capability to carry out simultaneous optimization of model relationship structures and parameters, is used to automatically generate accurate nonlinear models relating the two requirements. A case study of the digital camera design shows that the proposed GP based method produce a more accurate and interpretable models than the other commonly used methods, which ignore nonlinear terms in the model development. © 2011 IEEE.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Ling, SH, Kwong, CK & IEEE 1970, 'Determination Of Process Conditions Of Epoxy Dispensing Processes Using A Genetic Algorithm Based Neural Fuzzy Networks', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2253-2260.
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In this paper, process conditions of epoxy dispensing processes are determined by the proposed genetic algorithm based neural fuzzy networks, which consists of two tasks: a) the approach of neural fuzzy networks, which was shown to be better than the other existing approaches, is proposed to develop models in relating between process parameters and quality characteristics for the epoxy dispensing processes; b) the approach of genetic algorithm is used to determine process parameters with respect to pre-defined quality requirements based on the developed neural fuzzy network models. The results indicate that, based on the proposed genetic algorithm based neural fuzzy network, estimated process parameters can achieve specified requirements of microchip encapsulations with high and robust qualities.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Novel Data Protection Model in Healthcare Cloud', 2011 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, Communication (HPCC), IEEE, Banff, AB, Canada, pp. 550-555.
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Abstract- deploying state-of-the-art technologies is vital and inevitable in healthcare industry to cope with emerging services such as healthcare resource sharing and integration, collaborative consultation, and electronic health record. Cloud computing allows simple and easy user access, coping with users' dynamic and elastic demands, providing metered usage for its resources and hence is increasingly being adopted by individual users as well as enterprise users. The Cloud is being considered as appropriate technology for future healthcare infrastructure. However, in order to use of Cloud services effectively, users' data and/or resource have to be transferred to the cloud side and this inevitably raises several serious issues concerning losing control of users' resource, data privacy protection, data ownership and security. This paper addresses security and privacy challenges in healthcare cloud by deploying a novel framework with CPRBAC (Cloud-based Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control) model for controllability, traceability of data and authorized access to system resources. Furthermore, the work seeks to develop a unique active auditing service that is capable of tracing, tracking, and triggering an alarm on any operation, data or policy violations in the Cloud environment.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Towards Scalable, Fine-Grained, Intrusion-Tolerant Data Protection Models for Healthcare Cloud', 2011IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2011 IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Changsha, China, pp. 126-133.
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Despite cloud computing has been widely adopted by most industries, the healthcare industry still reveals a slow development in cloud-based solution due to the raising of user fear that their confidential health data or privacy would leak out in the cloud. To allay users' concern of data control, data ownership, security and privacy, we propose a robust data protection framework which is surrounded by a chain of protection schemes from access control, monitoring, to active auditing. The framework includes three key components which are Cloud-based Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control (CPRBAC) model, Triggerable Data File Structure (TDFS), and Active Auditing Scheme (AAS respectively. Our schemes address controllability, trace ability of data and authorize access to healthcare system resource. Data violation against access control policies can be proactively triggered to perform corresponding defense mechanisms. Our goal is to bring benefits of cloud computing to healthcare industries to assist them improve quality of service and reduce the cost of overall healthcare.

Chen, S, Nepal, S & Liu, R 1970, 'Secure Connectivity for Intra-cloud and Inter-cloud Communication', 2011 40th International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, 2011 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW), IEEE, Taipei City, Taiwan, pp. 154-159.
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The cloud has become an attractive platform for enterprises to deploy and execute their business services for B2B collaborations. Naturally, some of the confidential B2B collaborations require secure tunnels to secure the messaging between the services that are deployed within the same cloud or different clouds. This article examines this issue by reviewing existing network security technologies and presenting an electronic contract based solution that provides a secure Connectivity as a Service (CaaS) for intra-cloud and inter-cloud communications with little or no configuration effort. © 2011 IEEE.

Chen, X, He, X, Yang, J & Wu, Q 1970, 'An effective document image deblurring algorithm', CVPR 2011, 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Colorado Springs, pp. 369-376.
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Deblurring camera-based document image is an important task in digital document processing, since it can improve both the accuracy of optical character recognition systems and the visual quality of document images. Traditional deblurring algorithms have been proposed to work for natural-scene images. However the natural-scene images are not consistent with document images. In this paper, the distinct characteristics of document images are investigated. We propose a content-aware prior for document image deblurring. It is based on document image foreground segmentation. Besides, an upper-bound constraint combined with total variation based method is proposed to suppress the rings in the deblurred image. Comparing with the traditional general purpose deblurring methods, the proposed deblurring algorithm can produce more pleasing results on document images. Encouraging experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. © 2011 IEEE.

Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'ON THE EFFECT OF AMR AND AMR-WB GSM COMPRESSION ON OVERLAPPED SPEECH FOR FORENSIC ANALYSIS', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 1872-1875.
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The recent ubiquity of mobile telephony has posed the challenge of forensic speech analysis on compressed speech content. Whilst existing research studies have investigated the effect of mobile speech compression on speaker and speech parameters, this paper addresses the effect of speech compression on parameters when an interfering background speaker is present in clean and noisy conditions. Preliminary evaluations presented in this paper study the effect of the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) speech coders on the Linear Prediction (LP) speech spectrum, Line Spectral Frequencies (LSFs), and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Results indicate that due caution should be employed for the forensic analysis of mobile telephony speech: speech coder parameters are significantly degraded when an interfering speaker or noise is present, compared to parameters obtained from the main speaker alone. Moreover, at high SNR the speech parameters exhibit values that gradually transition from those ideally and independently obtained from the main speaker to those of the background speaker as the amplitude of the background interfering speaker increases. © 2011 IEEE.

Concha, OP, Da Xu, RY, Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'HMM-MIO: An enhanced hidden Markov model for action recognition', CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS, 2011 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops), IEEE, Colorado Spring, CO, pp. 62-69.
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Generative models can be flexibly employed in a variety of tasks such as classification, detection and segmentation thanks to their explicit modelling of likelihood functions. However, likelihood functions are hard to model accurately in many real cases. In this paper, we present an enhanced hidden Markov model capable of dealing with the noisy, high-dimensional and sparse measurements typical of action feature sets. The modified model, named hidden Markov model with multiple, independent observations (HMM-MIO), joins: a) robustness to observation outliers, b) dimensionality reduction, and c) processing of sparse observations. In the paper, a set of experimental results over the Weizmann and KTH datasets shows that this model can be tuned to achieve classification accuracy comparable to that of discriminative classifiers. While discriminative approaches remain the natural choice for classification tasks, our results prove that likelihoods, too, can be modelled to a high level of accuracy. In the near future, we plan extension of HMM-MIO along the lines of infinite Markov models and its integration into a switching model for continuous human action recognition. © 2011 IEEE.

Conneely, M, Rolfsnes, HO, McGloin, D, Main, C & Campbell, PA 1970, 'Role of mirror dynamics in determining the accuracy of framing rate in an ultra high speed rotating mirror camera', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Cunha, I, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 1970, 'Predicting and tracking internet path changes', Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference, SIGCOMM '11: ACM SIGCOMM 2011 Conference, ACM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 122-133.
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This paper investigates to what extent it is possible to use traceroute-style probing for accurately tracking Internet path changes. When the number of paths is large, the usual traceroute based approach misses many path changes because it probes all paths equally. Based on empirical observations, we argue that monitors can optimize probing according to the likelihood of path changes. We design a simple predictor of path changes using a nearest neighbor model. Although predicting path changes is not very accurate, we show that it can be used to improve probe targeting. Our path tracking method, called DTrack, detects up to two times more path changes than traditional probing, with lower detection delay, as well as providing complete load-balancer information.

Dehestani, D, Nguyen, H, Eftekhari, F, Madadnia, J, Su, S & Guo, Y 1970, 'Comprehensive Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of Fixed Bed Reactor with Finite Element Method', Modelling and Simulation, Modelling and Simulation, ACTAPRESS, pp. 63-70.
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Wall cooled catalytic fixed bed reactors are commonplace in the process industries. In the case of reactions with high exothermic heat effects substantial radial and axial temperature gradients develop within the packed tubes. Accurate determination of the location and magnitude of the hotspot temperature is essential for the design, operation and control of such reactors. A transient 2D pseudo homogeneous model of a jacketed tubular fixed reactor is developed in this study. The transient model equations can be solved efficiently using the finite element technique. The model is validated against pilot plant scale and industrial scale data. The model developed in this study can accurately predict the experimental axial profiles at both the pilot and the industrial scales. The model developed in this study can be put to good use for model predictive control of the phthalic anhydride reactor and the development of safe start-up and shut-down procedures to avoid the formation of explosive mixtures. The transient 2D pseudo homogeneous model developed in this study can be used to analyze and optimize the long term operation of such deactivating fixed beds.

Dong, YF, Kanhere, S, Chou, CT & Ren Ping Liu 1970, 'Automatic image capturing and processing for PetrolWatch', 2011 17th IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2011 17th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 236-240.
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In our previous work [1], we proposed a Participatory Sensing (PS) architecture called PetrolWatch to collect and share fuel prices from camera images of road-side price board (billboard) of service (or gas) stations. A key part of the PetrolWatch architecture, and the main focus of this paper, is the automatic billboard image capture from a moving car without user intervention. We develop the system design and implementation of the automatic image collection for PetrolWatch. Capturing a clear image by an unassisted mobile phone from a moving car is proved to be a challenge by our street driving experiments. We design the camera control and image pre-selection schemes to address this challenge. In particular, we leverage the advanced capabilities of modern mobile phones to design an acceptable camera triggering range and set the camera focus accordingly. Experiment results show that our design improve fuel price extraction rate by more than 40%. To deal with blurred images caused by vehicle vibrations, we design a set of pre-selection thresholds based on the measures from embedded accelerometer of the mobile phone. Our experiments show that our pre-selection improves the system efficiency by eliminating 78.57% of the blurred images. © 2011 IEEE.

Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu & Wenfei Wang 1970, 'Bridgeless power factor correction circuits with voltage-doubler configuration', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2011), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1037-1042.
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This paper presents a generalized approach to deriving single-phase power factor correction (PFC) circuits with bridgeless and voltage-doubler structures. The approach requires two dc/dc converters connected in a parallel-input series-output manner. Compared to conventional full-bridge diode rectified PFC circuit, which has two diodes along the input current path, the PFC circuits derived by this approach have one diode only, hence reducing the converter losses. Through the proposed approach, some recently reported bridgeless PFC circuits have been identified and new possible combinations can be generated. A design example of dual buck dc/dc converters operating in discontinuous-input- voltage mode (DIVM) is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Evans, R, Li, L, Mareels, I, Okello, N, Pham, M, Qiu, W & Saleem, SK 1970, 'Real-time Optimal Control of River Basin Networks', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, IFAC World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano, Italy, pp. 11459-11464.
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River basins are key components of water supply grids. River basin operators must handle a complex set of objectives including runoff storage, flood control, supply for consumptive use, hydroelectric power generation, silting management, and maintenance of river basin ecology. At present, operators rely on a combination of simulation and optimization tools to help them make operational decisions. The complexity associated with this approach makes it suitable for long term planning but not daily or hourly operation. The consequence is that between longerterm optimized operation points, river basins are largely operated in open loop. This leads to operational inefficiencies most notably wasted water and poor ecological outcomes. This paper proposes a systematic approach using optimal control based on simple low order models for the real-time operation of entire river basin networks. © 2011 IFAC.

Furqan, F & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Analysis of Parameters Contributing Performance and Coverage of Mobile WiMAX with Mix Traffic', 2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, 2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), IEEE, Gwangju, China, pp. 313-318.
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With high data rate and mobility support wireless networks are becoming an essential access component and an integral part of the ubiquitous Internet. As the provision of wireless networks is cost effective, they are being adopted for broadband access in rural areas (e.g., the Australian National Broadband Network). In this paper we present a comprehensive study of the parameters that effect both the capacity and coverage of IEEE 802.16e WiMAX which will serve as a basis for designing an effective access network including network dimensioning and provisioning QoS for dynamic and mixed distribution of services. In particular, the effect of physical and MAC layer overhead is considered for capacity evaluation with a simple scheduler. The paper also discusses the usage of compressed MAPs with SUB-DL-UL-MAP to reduce overheads and increase network capacity. Different scenarios are presented to evaluate the effect of standard and compressed overhead on capacity and coverage

Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'The Good, The Bad and the Ugly about Social Networks for Health Apps.', EUC, IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne Australia, pp. 463-468.
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Mobile devices are blending into our lives and change the way we manage our social life but also how we look after our health. Hundreds of health apps are available for mobile devices and many use social network functionalities that allow users to exchange personal experiences and discuss their health with others. This has many positive results but also negative side effects. This paper discusses the good, the bad and the ugly about social network integration with mobile health applications. It is based on a comprehensive review of literature, social networking health forums, surveys, and our own experience with health apps for mobile devices.

Gmel, G, Hamilton, TJ, Leblebici, Y & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A silicon model of the inner hair cell', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 91-96.
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In this paper we present an electrical model of the inner hair cell based on an improved mathematical model. The model is implemented in silicon in the current domain using translinear circuits. It improves on previous models by taking into consideration the potassium and calcium ion flow into and out of the inner hair cell, yielding a more accurate real-time model of the auditory pathway. © 2011 IEEE.

Gregory, B, Gregory, S, Wood, D, Masters, Y, Hillier, M, Stokes-Thompson, F, Bogdanovych, A, Butler, D, Hay, L, Jegathesan, JJ, Flintoff, K, Schutt, S, Linegar, D, Alderton, R, Cram, A, Stupans, I, Orwin, LMK, Meredith, G, Mccormick, D, Collins, F, Grenfell, J, Zagami, J, Ellis, A, Jacka, L, Campbell, J, Larson, I, Fluck, A, Thomas, A, Farley, H, Muldoon, N, Abbas, A, Sinnappan, S, Neville, K, Burnett, I, Aitken, A, Simoff, S, Scutter, S, Wang, X, Souter, K, Ellis, D, Salomon, M, Wadley, G, Jacobson, M, Newstead, A, Hayes, G, Grant, S & Yusupova, A 1970, 'How are Australian higher education institutions contributing to change through innovative teaching and learning in virtual worlds?', ASCILITE 2011 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 475-490.
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Over the past decade, teaching and learning in virtual worlds has been at the forefront of many higher education institutions around the world. The DEHub Virtual Worlds Working Group (VWWG) consisting of Australian and New Zealand higher education academics was formed in 2009. These educators are investigating the role that virtual worlds play in the future of education and actively changing the direction of their own teaching practice and curricula. 47 academics reporting on 28 Australian higher education institutions present an overview of how they have changed directions through the effective use of virtual worlds for diverse teaching and learning activities such as business scenarios and virtual excursions, role-play simulations, experimentation and language development. The case studies offer insights into the ways in which institutions are continuing to change directions in their teaching to meet changing demands for innovative teaching, learning and research in virtual worlds. This paper highlights the ways in which the authors are using virtual worlds to create opportunities for rich, immersive and authentic activities that would be difficult or not possible to achieve through more traditional approaches. © 2011 Brent Gregory, Sue Gregory, Denise Wood, Yvonne Masters, Mathew Hillier, Frederick Stokes-Thompson, Anton Bogdanovych, Des Butler, Lyn Hay, Jay Jay Jegathesan, Kim Flintoff, Stefan Schutt,Dale Linegar, Robyn Alderton, Andrew Cram, Ieva Stupans, Lindy McKeown Orwin, Grant Meredith, Debbie McCormick, Francesca Collins, Jenny Grenfell, Jason Zagami, Allan Ellis, Lisa Jacka, Angela Thomas, Helen Farley, Nona Muldoon, Ali Abbas, Suku Sinnappan, Katrina Neville, Ian Burnett, Ashley Aitken, Simeon Simoff, Sheila Scutter, Xiangyu Wang, Kay Souter, David Ellis, Mandy Salomon, Greg Wadley, Michael Jacobson, Anne Newstead, Gary Hayes, Scott Grant, Alyona Yusupova.

Hamilton, TJ & Tapson, J 1970, 'A neuromorphic cross-correlation chip', 2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, pp. 865-868.
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Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'Silicon implementation of the generalized integrate-and-fire neuron model', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 108-112.
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In this paper we present the design, implementation and preliminary results from a silicon neuron (SiN) based on the generalized integrate-and-fire neuron model. The SiN is integrated onto a chip with a number of similar SiNs. In this paper we show the results from a single neuron, however, in the future it is our aim to show that real-time, low-power and highly configurable spiking neural networks are feasible on silicon chips. © 2011 IEEE.

He, Y, Wang, J, Su, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Shi, J 1970, 'An efficient implementation of PRACH generator in LTE UE transmitters', 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC 2011), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 2226-2230.
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An efficient hardware-optimized Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal generation algorithm and its ASIC implementation in the LTE user equipment (UE) transmitter are presented in this paper. A simplified DFT of the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence as well as a phase computation are applied to the prime size DFT of the PRACH preamble and the large size IDFT is accomplished by groups of smaller size IFFTs. The optimized algorithm achieves significantly lower computational complexity compared with the original algorithm in the LTE specification and better performance compared to another publication. The ASIC architecture is also designed to reduce the memory size and logic complexity, which achieves a low hardware cost in terms of the cell area. The proposed design was implemented in 65nm CMOS and it was demonstrated that this design can satisfy the timing requirements of the LTE specification. © 2011 IEEE.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 1970, 'A new approach of modelling power systems for robust control', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Impacts of large-scale wind generators penetration on the voltage stability of power systems', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI.
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Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 1970, 'A control methodology for renewable energy integrations in distribution systems', 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia), IEEE.
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This paper presents a systematic control methodology for intermittent renewable energy integrations in low voltage distribution systems considering operating constraints and limits. An output feedback decentralized controller is synthesized for renewable generators using a linear quadratic robust control strategy. The change in volatile renewable generations is considered as an uncertain term in the design algorithm. The designed controller, for both wind and photovoltaic (PV), ensures both steady state and transient voltage stability for a given integration level. Effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified on a 43 bus industrial mesh distribution system under large disturbances and it is found that the designed control scheme enhances the stability and making the renewable integration grid friendly. © 2011 IEEE.

Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 1970, 'Impacts of wind and solar integrations on the dynamic operations of distribution systems', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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The integration of large-scale distributed generation (DG) and energy storage significantly affect the dynamic behaviors of distribution systems. Distributed systems are facing new challenges in terms of their dynamic behaviors due to the addition of large-scale DG into low-voltage distribution systems. This paper analyses the important effects of the penetration of large-scale wind, solar and energy storage on the dynamic operation of distribution systems during transient conditions. The impact of keeping DG units connected to a distribution grid during and after a grid disturbance is investigated. The behaviors of energy storage devices under fault conditions during a distributed system's islanding are also studied. The impact of the penetration of renewable energy resources on a system is demonstrated through nonlinear simulations using the IEEE benchmark sixteen bus distribution system. The results show that solar, wind and energy storage dynamics have significant impacts on dynamic behaviors and voltage stability of distribution systems. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Hsing, A, Iacopi, F, Lehr, MU, Geisler, H, Machani, K, Ryan, V, Paul, J, Besser, P & Dauskardt, R 1970, 'Mechanical microprobing of Cu pillars and influence of dielectric properties on chip-package interaction', Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC), pp. 52-53.

Hu, J, Zhu, J & Platt, G 1970, 'Smart grid &#x2014; The next generation electricity grid with power flow optimization and high power quality', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, China, pp. 1-6.
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As the demand for electricity power increases rapidly while the fossil fuels decrease year by year, taking use of renewable resources seems very necessary. However, due to the discontinuous nature of the renewable resources and the hierarchical topology of the existing grid, the power quality and grid stability will deteriorate as more and more distributed generations (DGs) connected to the grid. It is a good idea to combine local utilization, local consumption, energy storage and DGs to form grid-friendly micro grid, these micro grids are then assembled to be an intelligent power system - Smart Grid. It can optimize the power flow and integrate power generation and consumption effectively. Most importantly, the power quality and grid stability can be improved greatly. This paper depicts how smart grid addresses the current issues of power system. It also figures out the key technologies and expectation of the smart grid.

Hu, J, Zhu, J, Dorrell, DG & IEEE 1970, 'A Comparative Study of Direct Power Control of AC/DC Converters for Renewable Energy Generation', IECON 2011: 37TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Australia, pp. 3453-3458.
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Direct power control (DPC) has been proposed and well developed for its distinguished advantages such as simplicity, robustness, excellent steady-state and dynamic response. This paper presents a comparative study of DPC strategies of AC/DC converters for renewable energy generation. First, the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are given by control theory investigation. In addition, virtual flux concept is studied and a voltage sensorless algorithm for SVM-based predictive DPC is proposed. Furthermore, steady-state and transient performance will be analyzed in simulation in terms of active and reactive power ripples, total distortion harmonic (THD) of line currents, sampling frequency, switching frequency tracking behavior, etc. Finally, a comprehensive comparison is drawn, based on which the most suitable strategy can be chosen according to different applications.

Hu, J, Zhu, J, Ma, Q & Zhang, Y 1970, 'Predictive direct virtual torque control of doubly fed induction generator for grid synchronization', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, China, pp. 1-6.
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Predictive direct torque control (PDTC) has been proposed and well developed because of its excellent steady-state and transient performance. On the other hand, due to the elimination of proportional-integral regulator, direct virtual torque control was presented and proved to be an effective method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) grid synchronization. This paper proposes a novel DFIG grid synchronization strategy combining the merits of PDTC and virtual torque concept. The control system is very simple and robust while the smooth and fast grid synchronization is achieved.

Hu, J, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y & Guo, Y 1970, 'Predictive direct power control of doubly fed induction generator with power ripples reduction and one step delay compensation for wind power generation', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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Hu, J, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Platt, G, Dorrell, DG, Ma, Q & IEEE 1970, 'Predictive Direct Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Grid Synchronization in Wind Power Generation', 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE), IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 2381-2388.
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Predictive direct control has been proposed and well developed because of its combination of simplicity and excellent steady-state and transient performance. This paper presents a predictive direct control strategy of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for grid synchronization. In no-load mode, predictive direct virtual torque control (PDVTC) is employed to meet the grid synchronization conditions. In grid-connected mode, the stator is connected to the grid, predictive direct power control (PDPC) is utilized with the purpose of flexible active and reactive power regulation. Furthermore, a rotor position sensorless scheme is proposed to make the control structure simpler during the grid synchronization process. The whole system is very simple and robust while the smooth and fast grid synchronization is achieved.

Hu, J, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Qishuang Ma & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Simple and robust predictive direct control of DFIG with low constant switching frequency and reduced torque and flux ripples', 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), Drives Conference (IEMDC), IEEE, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, pp. 781-786.
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For conventional direct torque control (CDTC) methods, there are usually undesired torque and flux ripples mainly for two reasons. First, the vectors selected are not necessary the best. Secondly, one-step delay influence in digital implementation causes additional torque and flux ripples. This paper proposes a novel predictive direct torque control (PDTC) strategy of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The proposed strategy aims to reduce torque and flux ripples effectively at low constant switching frequency by appropriately arranging two active vectors followed by one zero vector within one control period. Furthermore, one-step delay is compensated using a mode-based prediction scheme. Finally, the control system is simplified through further analysis of the transient slope of torque and flux without performance degradation. Simulation results validate the proposed strategy with excellent steady-state and transient performance, which makes it very suitable for wind power generation.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Closed-form MSE performance for phase estimation from Gaussian reference signals', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 154-158.
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In many communications and signal processing applications, phase information carried on Gaussian distributed reference signals is often required for various purposes, such as the carrier frequency offset estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The performance of phase estimation is usually measured by the mean square error (MSE) which is often infeasible to obtain. Instead, the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) and modified Cramér-Rao Bound (MCRB) are used to give lower MSE bounds for the phase estimation. This paper presents closed-form MSE approximations for estimating phase information from Gaussian reference signals, which provide better indications of the MSE performance than the MCRB. It is also shown that the MCRB is only attainable at high signal-to-noise ratios and with large number of observed signal samples. Simulated and analytical results are compared to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the derived MSE formulas. © 2011 IEEE.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Performance and cost comparison of NPC, FC and SCHB multilevel converter topologies for high-voltage applications', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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The rapid increase in global energy consumption and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions have accelerated the renewable energy technology into a more competitive area. Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by the consumers, grid based renewable generation has gained significant popularity in the world. High-voltage converter can interconnect the renewable systems to the grid directly without introducing a lossy, costly and bulky transformer. Three popular multilevel converter topologies: Neutral Point Clamped (NPC), Flying Capacitor (FC) and Series Connected H-Bridge (SCHB) have successfully made their way into the industry and therefore can be considered a mature and proven technology for low and medium voltage applications. But most of them are not suitable for high-voltage applications. This paper presents the comparison of a Five-Level (5L)-NPC, a 5LFC, a 5L-SCHB, an Eleven-Level (11L)-NPC, an 11L-FC and an 11L-SCHB topologies for an 11 kV Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The comparison is made in terms of number of semiconductors, semiconductor cost, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), filter size and control complexity.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Transformer-less local grid based 11 kV SCHB multilevel converter for renewable energy systems', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by the consumers, it is difficult to operate a power system installed with only one type of renewable energy resource. The local grid based renewable generation may be the only solution to overcome this problem. In this regard, an 11 kV Series Connected H-Bridge (SCHB) multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is proposed, which is the transformer less, cost effective solution to interface the renewable generation system to the local grid directly. This paper presents the design, simulation and analysis of a Five Level (5L)-SCHB and an Eleven Level (11L)-SCHB VSC for an 11 kV local grid based renewable energy systems. The performance, cost, modulation scheme and harmonic spectra of the converter are the bases for analysis.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y, Zhu, JG, Dorrell, D & IEEE 1970, 'Design and Comparison of 11 kV Multilevel Voltage Source Converters for Local Grid Based Renewable Energy Systems', IECON 2011: 37TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 3596-3601.
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Because the availability of renewable energy is highly variable and the power demand by the consumers could have a very different characteristic, it is very desirable to connect a renewable generation system to the grid. In this respect, the 11 kV multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) has no heavy transformer and is the cost effective solution to interfacing a renewable generation system to the local grid directly. This paper presents the design and comparison of a Five-Level Neutral Point Clamped (5L-NPC), a Five-Level Flying Capacitor (5L-FC), a Five-Level Series Connected H-Bridge (5L-SCHB), an Eleven-Level Neutral Point Clamped (11LNPC), an Eleven-Level Flying Capacitor (11L-FC), and an Eleven-Level Series Connected H-Bridge (5L-SCHB) VSC for an 11 kV local grid based converter. The cost of power semiconductors and capacitors, modulation schemes and harmonic spectra of the converters are the bases for comparison.

Islam, MR, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'H-bridge multilevel voltage source converter for direct grid connection of renewable energy systems', 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia), IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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The conventional approach based on low-voltage converter with power frequency transformer is commonly employed for grid connection of offshore renewable power generation systems. Because of the heavy weight and large size of the transformer, the system can be expensive and complex for installation and maintenance. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light direct grid connection, a high-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge (SCHB) multilevel converter topology is proposed in this paper. Since the SCHB converter requires a large number of isolated and balanced DC supplies, a high frequency transformer link is employed to couple the SCHB to the single low voltage DC supply. This paper presents the design and simulation of the proposed system.

Jian Bin Zeng, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Lin, ZW 1970, 'Magnetic hysteresis property of magneto-rheological fluid material under 2D fluxes', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 256-259.
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This paper systematically reports our recent study on the magnetic hysteresis property of magnetorheological (MR) fluid material under one dimension alternating and two dimension rotating magnetic field. The measurement was completed by a single sheet tester and a MR fluid sample container. The principle of measurement and the calibrating procedure of sensor coil are presented. The experiment results, such as H-B loop, H & B vector loci and lagging angle between H and B are analyzed and discussed. The results will be useful in the design of smart structure using MR material fluid. © 2011 IEEE.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Experimental study on thrust and normal force of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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Kaji, T, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Development of an ASIP-based singular value decomposition processor in SVD-MIMO systems', 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS), 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2011), IEEE.
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Kamyabpour, N & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Modeling overall energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks', The 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE Computer Society, Wuhan China, pp. 273-279.
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Minimizing the energy consumption of a wireless sensor network application is crucial for effective realization of the intended application in terms of cost, lifetime, and functionality. However, the minimizing task is hardly possible as no overall energy cost function is available for optimization. Optimizing a specific component of the total energy cost does not help in reducing the total energy cost as this reduction may be negated by an increase in the energy consumption of other components of the application. Recently we proposed Hierarchy Energy Driven Architecture as a robust architecture that takes into account all principal energy constituents of wireless sensor network applications. Based on the proposed architecture, this paper presents a single overall model and proposes a feasible formulation to express the overall energy consumption of a generic wireless sensor network application in terms of its energy constituents. The formulation offers a concrete expression for evaluating the performance of a wireless sensor network application, optimizing its constituent's operations, and designing more energy-efficient applications. The paper also presents simulation results to demonstrate the feasibility of our model and energy formulation

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R, Dutkiewicz, E & Ren Liu 1970, 'Dynamic power control in Wireless Body Area Networks using reinforcement learning with approximation', 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2011), IEEE, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 2203-2208.
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A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is made up of multiple tiny physiological sensors implanted in/on the human body with each sensor equipped with a wireless transceiver that communicates to a coordinator in a star topology. Energy is the scarcest resource in WBANs. Power control mechanisms to achieve a certain level of utility while using as little power for transmission as possible can play an important role in reducing energy consumption in such very energy-constrained networks. In this paper, we propose a novel power controller to mitigate internetwork interference in WBANs and increase the maximum achievable throughput with the minimum energy consumption. The proposed power controller employs reinforcement learning with approximation to learn from the environment and improve its performance. We compare the performance of the proposed controller to two other power controllers, one based on game theory and the other one based on fuzzy logic. Simulation results show that compared to the other two approaches, RLPC provides a substantial saving in energy consumption per bit, with a substantial increase in network lifetime. © 2011 IEEE.

Keshavarz, R, Danaeian, M, Movahhedi, M & Hakimi, A 1970, 'A compact dual-band branch-line coupler based on the interdigital transmission line', 2011 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, ICEE 2011.
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A dual-band (DB) microstrip branch-line coupler with quadrature phase difference based on the interdigital transmission line (TL) is presented. Interdigital TLs are realized by cascading interdigital capacitors (cells of the structure) in series. The design procedure to reach the dual-band interdigital transmission lines at two arbitrary frequencies is presented. Dual-band operation for branch-line coupler is achieved by implementing the interdigital TLs with 3 cells in each branch to provide a phase of -90° at the lower operation frequency band (2GHz) and 270° phase shift at the upper frequency band (3GHz). Branches length is approximately 0.8 Γg and as compared to the conventional DB composite right/left handed (CRLH) branch-line couplers, the proposed structure achieves smaller dimension. Also, simulation results show that the dual-band proposed coupler exhibits an amplitude balance of ±2 dB from 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz in the lower band and from 2.8 GHz to 3.2 GHz in the upper band. Moreover, at mentioned frequency bands, the phase difference between the coupled and through ports is 90°±10°. © 2011 AmirKabir Univ of Tech.

Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M & Hakimi, A 1970, 'A compact and broadband backward coupler with high coupling-level based on composite right/left-handed transmission line', 2011 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, ICEE 2011.
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Based on composite right/left handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) we propose a backward coupled-line coupler characterized by reduced size and enhanced bandwidth with respect to many other CRLH coupled-line couplers which have been introduced. This symmetric microstrip coupler with quadrature phase difference has also higher coupling-level and wider bandwidth than conventional coupled-line couplers. The proposed CRLH coupled-line coupler has been realized only by conventional TL and grounded stubs without series capacitor (e.g. interdigital capacitor). The design procedure to reach the coupler with predefined coupling-level and characteristic impedance of its ports is clearly presented. The design prototype is a 3-dB microstrip coupler with 0.2 mm spacing between coupled lines over a wide bandwidth of 60% from 2.2 GHz to 4.1 GHz (amplitude balance of 2 dB) centered at 3 GHz. The coupled-line length of the proposed structure is approximately λg/4. To characterize this structure an equivalent circuit model also has been established. Good agreement between the full-wave simulation and equivalent circuit model has been achieved and the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent circuit model is verified. © 2011 AmirKabir Univ of Tech.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Fast Local D.C. Programming for Optimal Power Allocation in Wireless Networks', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Power allocations in an interference-limited wireless network for global maximization of the weighted sum throughput or global maximization of the minimum rate among network links are not only important but also very hard optimization problems due to their nonconvexity nature. Recently developed methods are either unable to locate the global optimal solutions or prohibitively complex for practical applications. This paper exploits the d.c. (difference of two convex functions/sets) structure of either the objective function or constraint of the these global optimization problems to develop efficient iterative algorithms with very low complexity. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed algorithms are able to locate the global optimal solutions by only a few iterations and they are superior to the previously-proposed methods in both performance and computation complexity.Recently developed methods are either unable to locate the global optimal solutions or prohibitively complex for practical applications. This paper exploits the d.c. (difference of two convex functions/sets) structure of either the objective function or constraint of the these global optimization problems to develop efficient iterative algorithms with very low complexity. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed algorithms are able to locate the global optimal solutions by only a few iterations and they are superior to the previously-proposed methods in both performance and computation complexity. © 2011 IEEE.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'An optimal design of FIR filters with discrete coefficients and image sampling application', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 93-96.
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The paper proposes a new approach for the design of linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters with discrete coefficient values. This problem is a very hard combinatoric discrete optimization, which results in the prohibitive computational complexity for solution. In this paper, we first explicitly express the discrete coefficients of filters as indefinite quadratic but continuous constraints. We then develop an efficient iterative algorithm to tackle the nonconvex optimization problem to locate optimal discrete filter coefficients. By numerical simulation results, we show that our proposed method significantly outperform the methods using quantized coefficients of filters. We also provide an image sampling application to illustrate the performance of our designed filters. © 2011 IEEE.

Khan, MAY & Veitch, D 1970, 'SmartRate: A new dynamic rate adaptation algorithm for 802.11 wireless networks', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on 'A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks' (WoWMoM), IEEE, Lucca, Italy, pp. 1-10.
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Traditional rate adaptation algorithms (RAAs) suffer under congested scenarios as they are unable to differentiate between packet errors due to poor physical channel conditions, from those due to collisions arising from contention for the channel. This degrades the rate selection which results in a dramatic loss of throughput both for individual users and the system. This paper presents `SmartRate', a throughput and packet size aware, passive measurement based, clientside RAA. It employs 802.11 MAC fragmentation for physical PER isolation, and employs a dynamic sampling regime to collect per-rate statistics. It uses a novel RSSI based volatility adaptivity mechanism to fine tune various parameters of the algorithm under different channel conditions (stationary or mobile). We compare SmartRate against SampleRate and AMRR in our wireless testbed and show that SmartRate outperforms them in single and multi-user cases.

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Dynamic wordlength calibration for energy reduction FFT processors in wireless LAN', 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), IEEE.
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Kong, X, Liu, L & Chen, J 1970, 'Modeling Agile Software Maintenance Process Using Analytical Theory of Project Investment', Procedia Engineering, International Conference on Advances in Engineering, Elsevier BV, Nanjing, China, pp. 138-142.
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A new modeling approach to analyze the impact of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness of agile maintenance process is presented in this paper. Based on a causal loop diagram the authors developed earlier and the analytical theory of project investment, this paper analyzed the effect of schedule pressure on the economic effectiveness. Preliminary results show that maintenance effectiveness is low when schedule pressure is high, and is high when schedule pressure is low.

Kong, X, Liu, L & Lowe, D 1970, 'A cost-effective design approach for integrated positioning system', 2011 Fourth International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization, 2011 Fourth International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO), IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1-6.
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Proceeding Web site: http://www.proceedings.com/11642.html IEEE site: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5771302

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 1970, 'Pairwise Shape configuration-based PSA for gait recognition under small viewing angle change', 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Klagenfurt, Austria, pp. 17-22.
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Two main components of Procrustes Shape Analysis (PSA) are adopted and adapted specifically to address gait recognition under small viewing angle change: 1) Procrustes Mean Shape (PMS) for gait signature description; 2) Procrustes Distance (PD) for similarity measurement. Pairwise Shape Configuration (PSC) is proposed as a shape descriptor in place of existing Centroid Shape Configuration (CSC) in conventional PSA. PSC can better tolerate shape change caused by viewing angle change than CSC. Small variation of viewing angle makes large impact only on global gait appearance. Without major impact on local spatio-temporal motion, PSC which effectively embeds local shape information can generate robust view-invariant gait feature. To enhance gait recognition performance, a novel boundary re-sampling process is proposed. It provides only necessary re-sampled points to PSC description. In the meantime, it efficiently solves problems of boundary point correspondence, boundary normalization and boundary smoothness. This re-sampling process adopts prior knowledge of body pose structure. Comprehensive experiment is carried out on the CASIA gait database. The proposed method is shown to significantly improve performance of gait recognition under small viewing angle change without additional requirements of supervised learning, known viewing angle and multi-camera system, when compared with other methods in literatures. © 2011 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 1970, 'Speed-invariant gait recognition based on Procrustes Shape Analysis using higher-order shape configuration', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 545-548.
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Walking speed change is considered a typical challenge hindering reliable human gait recognition. This paper proposes a novel method to extract speed-invariant gait feature based on Procrustes Shape Analysis (PSA). Two major components of PSA, i.e., Procrustes Mean Shape (PMS) and Procrustes Distance (PD), are adopted and adapted specifically for the purpose of speed-invariant gait recognition. One of our major contributions in this work is that, instead of using conventional Centroid Shape Configuration (CSC) which is not suitable to describe individual gait when body shape changes particularly due to change of walking speed, we propose a new descriptor named Higher-order derivative Shape Configuration (HSC) which can generate robust speed-invariant gait feature. From the first order to the higher order, derivative shape configuration contains gait shape information of different levels. Intuitively, the higher order of derivative is able to describe gait with shape change caused by the larger change of walking speed. Encouraging experimental results show that our proposed method is efficient for speed-invariant gait recognition and evidently outperforms other existing methods in the literatures. © 2011 IEEE.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Joint Admission Control for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks', Proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 276-280.
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This paper studies the performance of admission control in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). We propose a CRN architecture featuring cooperation among several CRNs in the same geographical area. Joint Admission Control (JAC) enables secondary users (SUs) to have access to the combined spectrum pool of the cooperating CRNs. Three joint admission control schemes are investigated and quantitatively analyzed using continuous-time Markov chain analysis. Analytical results reveal new insights that the channel-aware admission control scheme achieves the lowest blocking probability at the expense of communication overhead for obtaining channel usage information in each CRN while the weighted selection scheme obtains the lowest forced termination probability. Moreover, we quantify the gain of cooperation through performance comparison between Joint Admission Control and separate admission control where SUs are restricted to using only one specific CRN. We demonstrate that JAC can achieve significant performance improvement. © 2011 ICST.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Vesilo, R & Fang, G 1970, 'Network selection in cooperative cognitive radio networks', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 378-383.
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This paper studies network selection issues in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CRNs) where secondary users (SUs) have access to the combined spectrum pool of cooperating CRNs. Motivated by the service degradation of SUs caused by unnecessary network handover in cooperative CRNs, we formulate the network selection problem as a nonlinear optimization problem to minimize overall SU handover probability. We subsequently propose three network selection schemes and theoretically evaluate their performance using corresponding Markov chain models. Our numerical results indicate that a jointly-optimized network selection scheme which takes into account both the number of free channels and the traffic intensity of primary users in each CRN obtains the lowest probability of SU handover. Furthermore, compared to the random selection scheme, the jointly-optimized network selection scheme achieves significant reduction in SU handover probability while having no negative impact on other performance metrics of secondary users, such as blocking probability, forced termination probability and completion probability. © 2011 IEEE.

Lai, J, Liu, RP, Dutkiewicz, E & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Optimal Channel Reservation in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks', 2011 IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2011-Spring), IEEE, Yokohama, Japan.
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This paper studies optimal channel reservation in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CRNs) where secondary users (SUs) have access to the combined spectrum pool of cooperating CRNs. Motivated by SU high forced termination in cooperative CRNs, we propose two channel reservation schemes, Fixed Channel Placement Reservation (FCPR) and Dynamic Channel Placement Reservation (DCPR), and theoretically analyze their performances using the Markov chain approach. Our numerical results, validated by simulation, indicate that for a given number of reserved channels, the DCPR algorithm achieves better user experience by reducing the forced termination probability. Based on this analysis, we propose two enhanced reservation algorithms: Algorithm A maximizes the overall capacity of CRNs to enable network operators to increase their revenue; Algorithm B minimizes the user experience cost function to provide better services. © 2011 IEEE.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, S-H, Shi, EC & IEEE 1970, 'Economic Load Dispatch using Intelligent Optimization with Fuzzy Control', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2219-2224.
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In this paper, Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates fuzzy control and k-nearest neighbors algorithm is proposed to tackle the economic load dispatch problem. To provide the self-terminating ability, a technique called Iteration Windows (IW) is introduced to govern the number of iteration in each searching stage during the optimization. The size of IW is controlled by a fuzzy controller, which uses the information provided by the k-nearest neighbors system to analyze the population during the searching process. The controller keeps controlling the IW till the end of the searching process. A wavelet based mutation process is embedded in the DE searching process to enhance the searching performance. The weight F of DE is also controlled by the fuzzy controller to further speed up the searching process. The proposed method is employed to solve the Economic Load Dispatch with Valve-Point Loading (ELDVPL) Problem. It is shown empirically that the proposed method can terminate the searching process with a reasonable number of iteration and performs significantly better than the conventional methods in terms of convergence speed and solution quality.

Laird, I & Lu, DDC 1970, 'SPICE steady state modelling of thermoelectric generators involving the Thomson effect', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1584-1589.
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During operation thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are subject to the following thermal effects; Heat conduction according to Fourier's law, Joule heating, Peltier heating and Thomson heating. Many SPICE-based models exist for TEGs however in the vast majority of them the Thomson effect is neglected due to its relatively small size compared to the other effects, as well as the complexity that results from including the Thomson effect in the model. This paper seeks to present a model that governs the steady state performance of a TEG that includes the Thomson effect whilst limiting the complexity of the SPICE model. © 2011 IEEE.

Lee, K & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A study of robust speech recognition using modified running-spectrum-filtering', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 314-317.
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This paper proposes Low-Pass running spectrum filtering (Low-Pass RSF) with low filter order. Using the proposed filtering, additive noises in high frequency band of the modulation spectrum domain are reduced and high speed calculation mechanism are realized. The cepstrum mean subtraction method (CMS) and dynamic range adjustment (DRA) are also employed with Low-Pass RSF. Using the proposed method, the similar recognition performance as conventional noise robust speech recognition can be obtained with quite low calculation cost. © 2011 IEEE.

Lei, G, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Li, K, Li, Y & Shao, KR 1970, 'Multiobjective electromagnetic devices design based on improved EDA with sequential optimization of the probability model', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-4.
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Leung, HC & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Particle swarm optimization for OPF with consideration of FACTS devices', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 2406-2410.
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This paper presents a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method approach to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) in power systems incorporated with flexible ac transmission system (FACTS). The above approach integrates the power flow control needs into the OPF problem to fully utilize the characteristics of FACTS devices. A versatile FACTS device, UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller), is considered. In the solution process, PSO coupled with full AC power flow, selects the best regulation to minimize the total cost and keep the power flows within their security limits. The optimization process with PSO is presented with case study examples using IEEE modified 14-bus system to demonstrate its applicability. The results have been compared with genetic algorithm (GA) to show the feasibility and the potential of this approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, L, Okello, N, Pham, M, Saleem, SK, Qiu, W, Evans, R, Mareels, I & IEEE 1970, 'Model Predictive Control of Murray-Darling Basin Networks', 2011 CHINESE CONTROL AND DECISION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, Chinese Control and Decision Conference, IEEE, Mianyang, China, pp. 722-727.
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River basins are the most significant component in water supply grids and are under increasing pressure from competing demands for fresh water. However, unlike energy grids which are managed very efficiently using closed-loop operation, water grids, and river basins in particular, are largely open-loop systems. One reason is the difficulty associated with developing suitable models and feedback controllers. This paper proposes a systematic approach using model predictive control based on simple low order models for the real-time operation of entire river basin networks. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, S, Lowe, D, Kong, X & Braun, R 1970, 'Wireless sensor network localization algorithm using dynamic path of mobile beacon', The 17th Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, 2011 IEEE 17th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, pp. 344-349.
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Localization is one of the basic prerequisites of sensors in various applications of wireless sensor networks. A beacon is a special sensor with geographical knowledge and which can be employed to help localize general sensors. A mobile beacon is treated as a replacement for many static beacons since it is movable and flexible and often powerful. The path of a mobile beacon will determine the rate of coverage and accuracy of position determination that it supports. Whereas a static path is planned before any localization action, a dynamic path is determined in real-time based on the demands of initially unknown sensors and hence can be more efficient than a static path. In this paper, we proposed a method of localization employed a mobile beacon whose path will be selected according to the real-time information of unknown sensors. The method is designed to be both 'thrifty' in both energy consumption and economical cost, and lightweight in terms of computation load. Simulation results show that the method is lightweight but effective and efficient. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, YB, Lei, G, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Optimization design of a voice coil actuator based on improved SOM', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 224-227.
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Voice coil actuator is a new kind of direct drive motor. It has many good performances, such as high acceleration and fast response. We present an improved sequential optimization method (SOM) and dimension reduction optimization method to design optimization a cylindrical voice coil actuator in this work. In the implementation, design of experiments (DOE) technique and Kriging approximate model are employed to improve the optimization efficiency. From the discussion, we can see that the proposed methods are very efficient. And computation cost of finite element analysis can be reduced remarkably (more than 2/3 of the cost has been saved) by the proposed methods.

Li, Z, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Geers, G 1970, 'SKRWM based descriptor for pedestrian detection in thermal images', 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 1-6.
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Pedestrian detection in a thermal image is a difficult task due to intrinsic challenges:1) low image resolution, 2) thermal noising, 3) polarity changes, 4) lack of color, texture or depth information. To address these challenges, we propose a novel mid-level feature descriptor for pedestrian detection in thermal domain, which combines pixel-level Steering Kernel Regression Weights Matrix (SKRWM) with their corresponding covariances. SKRWM can properly capture the local structure of pixels, while the covariance computation can further provide the correlation of low level feature. This mid-level feature descriptor not only captures the pixel-level data difference and spatial differences of local structure, but also explores the correlations among low-level features. In the case of human detection, the proposed mid-level feature descriptor can discriminatively distinguish pedestrian from complexity. For testing the performance of proposed feature descriptor, a popular classifier framework based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is also built. Overall, our experimental results show that proposed approach has overcome the problems caused by background subtraction in [1] while attains comparable detection accuracy compared to the state-of-the-arts. © 2011 IEEE.

Ling, L, Burnett, IS, Cheng, E & IEEE 1970, 'A Flexible Markerless Registration Method for Video Augmented Reality', 2011 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING (MMSP), IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Hangzhou, China.
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This paper proposes a flexible, markerless registration method that addresses the problem of realistic virtual object placement at any position in a video sequence. The registration consists of two steps: four points are specified by the user to build the world coordinate system, where the virtual object is rendered. A self-calibration camera tracking algorithm is then proposed to recover the camera viewpoint frame-by-frame, such that the virtual object can be dynamically and correctly rendered according to camera movement. The proposed registration method needs no reference fiducials, knowledge of camera parameters or the user environment, where the virtual object can be placed in any environment even without any distinct features. Experimental evaluations demonstrate low errors for several camera motion rotations around the X and Y axes for the self-calibration algorithm. Finally, virtual object rendering applications in different user environments are evaluated. © 2011 IEEE.

Ling, L, Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'EIGHT SOLUTIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL MATRIX FOR CONTINUOUS CAMERA MOTION TRACKING IN VIDEO AUGMENTED REALITY', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO (ICME), IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, LaSalle, Ramon Llull University Barcelona, Spain.
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This paper considers a self-calibration approach to the estimation of motion parameters for an unknown camera used for video-based augmented reality. Whilst existing systems derive four SVD solutions of the essential matrix, which encodes the epipolar geometry between two camera views, this paper presents eight possible solutions derived from mathematical computation and geometrical analysis. The eight solutions not only reflect the position and orientation of the camera in static displacement but also the dynamic, relative orientation between the camera and an object in continuous motion. This paper details a novel algorithm that introduces three geometric constraints to determine the rotation and translation matrix from the eight possible essential matrix solutions. An OpenGL camera motion simulator is used to demonstrate and evaluate the reliability of the proposed algorithms; this directly visualizes the abstract computer vision parameters into real 3D. © 2011 IEEE.

Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'Hypoglycemia Detection using Fuzzy Inference System with Genetic Algorithm', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2225-2231.
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AbstractIn this paper, we develope a genetic algorithm based fuzzy inference system to recognize hypoglycemic episodes based on heart rate and corrected QT interval of the telectrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the membership functions and fuzzy rules. A practical experiment based on data from 15 children with T1DM is studied. All the data sets are collected from the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. To prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (over-fitting), a validation strategy that may adjust the fitness function is proposed. Thus, the data are organized into a training set, a validation set, and a testing set randomly selected. The classification results in term of sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis show that the proposed classification method performs well.

Liu, RP, Sutton, GJ, Yang, X & Collings, IB 1970, 'Modelling QoS Performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF under Practical Channel Fading Conditions', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan.
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We consider the impacts of channel fading on the quality of service (QoS) performance of the IEEE 802.11 system. Traditional 2-D Markov chain models, while suitable for throughput analysis, are unable to capture the QoS performance due to the lack of a proper queueing model. We present a 3-D Markov chain queueing model that incorporates channel fading effects and solve the Markov chain efficiently with our Collapsed Transition onto Basis approach. In doing so, we are able to investigate important QoS measures, packet delay and loss, as well as throughput, for a 802.11 system under practical channel fading conditions. The analytical results are validated by extensive simulations. Our 3-D model offers new insights in channel fading effects on system capacity and QoS performance. We demonstrate that our 3-D model can also be used to provides guidelines for traffic control. © 2011 IEEE.

Liu, X & Zhang, J 1970, 'Active learning for human action recognition with Gaussian Processes', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 3253-3256.
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This paper presents an active learning approach for recognizing human actions in videos based on multiple kernel combined method. We design the classifier based on Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) through Gaussian Processes (GP) regression. This classifier is then trained in an active learning approach. In each iteration, one optimal sample is selected to be interactively annotated and incorporated into training set. The selection of the sample is based on the heuristic feedback of the GP classifier. To our knowledge, GP regression MKL based active learning methods have not been applied to address the human action recognition yet. We test this approach on standard benchmarks. This approach outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in accuracy while requires significantly less training samples. © 2011 IEEE.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Nonlinear excitation controller for power systems using Zero dynamic design approach', 2011 North American Power Symposium, 2011 North American Power Symposium (NAPS 2011), IEEE.
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This paper presents a nonlinear excitation controller design technique for interconnected power systems. A zero dynamic design approach is used to design the controller which is useful when the system is partially linearizable and the obtained control law, using this approach is simpler as compared to that of a fully or exactly linearizable system. The performance of this controller is tested on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system over a wide variation of operating region and compared to the nonlinear excitation controller which is designed using the concept of exact linearization. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme can improve the stability of power systems, regardless of operating points and the performance is very similar to that of exactly linearized controller. © 2011 IEEE.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Nonlinear observer design for interconnected power systems', Proceedings of the 2011 Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2011, pp. 161-166.
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This paper presents a generalized nonlinear observer design method for interconnected power systems. The concepts of nonlinear coordinate transformation, Lie derivative, and relative degree are used to design the observer for power systems. In this proposed design framework, the both cases are considered-when the relative degree of a nonlinear system is equal to the order of the system and when the relative degree is not equal to the order of the system. The nonlinear observer gain is calculated from the Jacobian of nonlinear coordinate transformation. The main advantages of this design technique is the simplicity to construct the unmeasured states and applications to other fields. The proposed observer is simulated on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system to construct all the states of power system and a comparison between the actual states and observed states is also presented. © 2011 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA & AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Selection of output function in nonlinear feedback linearizing excitation control for power systems', Proceedings of the 2011 Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2011, pp. 458-463.
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The selection of output function for nonlinear feedback linearizing controller is an important task as the design of controller depends on the output function of the systems. This paper present a detailed analysis to select the output function to design nonlinear feedback linearizing excitation controller for power systems. Depending on the relative degree of the system which depends on the output function of the system, different approaches of feedback linearization needs to be used for the design of nonlinear control. In this paper, different approaches are discussed with suitable output functions and some of these may not be practical. Based on a practical output function, a nonlinear feedback linearizing excitation controller is designed and tested for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. © 2011 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA & AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Worst case scenario for large distribution networks with distributed generation', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI.
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Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ali, MS 1970, 'Generalized Lyapunov function for stability analysis of interconnected power systems', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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The formulation of Lyapunov function is necessary to analyze the stability of a system. This paper presents an idea for formulating generalized Lyapunov function for the stability analysis of interconnected power systems. Lyapunov function is formulated based on the total energy of power system where the system is considered as a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. The negative definiteness of the derivative of proposed Lyapunov function is proved through the application of zero dynamic control law. This paper also presents the formulation of control Lyapunov function to design a excitation controller for the generator. The performance of control Lyapunov function based excitation is tested on the SMIB system. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ali, MS 1970, 'Zero dynamic excitation controller design for power system with dynamic load', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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This paper presents a novel approach of excitation controller design for power system with dynamic load where induction motor is considered as the dynamic load. To design the controller, zero dynamic design approach of feedback linearization is used. The zero dynamic design approach is applicable when the system is partially linearized. The paper also presents the linearizability of power system with dynamic load. Based on the partial linearizability, a zero dynamic excitation control law is derived for power system with dynamic load and the performance of the designed controller on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) with induction motor load through some simulation results. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Nasiruzzaman, ABM 1970, 'Voltage control of distribution networks with distributed generation using reactive power compensation', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 985-990.
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Matekovits, L, Thalakotuna, DNP, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Wide-band matching of a tunable periodic structure in GaAs technology', 2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, pp. 376-379.
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Wide-band matching of a tunable 1D periodic microwave structure, designed for fabrication in GaAs technology, is investigated. The two-layer unit cell of the periodic structure consists of a microstrip line loaded by multiple rectangular patches, which can be selectively short-circuited. The wide variation of the position of the bandgap, obtained by electrically controlled switches, induces a large variation of the effective dielectric constant in the considered wide frequency range. This effect is further reflected as a significant variation of the characteristic impedance, and hence a potentially high mismatch loss. A method for wide-band minimization of the mismatch (with respect to a 50ω reference impedance), without compromising the performance of the device, is presented. © 2011 IEEE.

McDougall, C, Fradet, E, Baroud, CN & McGloin, D 1970, 'Optical manipulation of 'drops on rails' in two dimensional microfluidic devices', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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McGloin, D 1970, 'Towards cooling of optically trapped aerosols', Frontiers in Optics 2011/Laser Science XXVII, Frontiers in Optics, OSA.
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Miyazaki, N, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Low-power dynamic MIMO detection for a 4&#x00D7;4 MIMO-OFDM receiver', 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS), 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2011), IEEE.
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Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Robust density modelling using the student's t-distribution for human action recognition', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels Belgium, pp. 3261-3264.
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The extraction of human features from videos is often inaccurate and prone to outliers. Such outliers can severely affect density modelling when the Gaussian distribution is used as the model since it is highly sensitive to outliers. The Gaussian distribution is also often used as base component of graphical models for recognising human actions in the videos (hidden Markov model and others) and the presence of outliers can significantly affect the recognition accuracy. In contrast, the Student's t-distribution is more robust to outliers and can be exploited to improve the recognition rate in the presence of abnormal data. In this paper, we present an HMM which uses mixtures of t-distributions as observation probabilities and show how experiments over two well-known datasets (Weizmann, MuHAVi) reported a remarkable improvement in classification accuracy.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 1970, 'Hierarchical Collision-free Addressing Protocol(HCAP) for Body Area Networks', 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), IEEE INFOCOM 2011 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 543-548.
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In Body Area Networks (BANs) the addressing scheme used to address nodes is fundamental to the effective operation of a BAN. This paper proposes a novel BAN addressing scheme called Hierarchical Collision-free Addressing Protocol (HCAP). Proposed scheme is collision free, reduces power consumption and tackles the address wastage problem. Two important scenarios (random location and fixed location) are defined and studied. Through a series of simulation results we show the efficiency and usability of the proposed scheme in Body Area Networks. © 2011 IEEE.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & IEEE 1970, 'Optimized Prophet Address Allocation (OPAA) for Body Area Networks', 2011 7TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC), ACM International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 2098-2102.
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Each node in a Body Area Network (BAN) needs to be assigned with a free IP address before it may participate in any sort of communication. This paper evaluates the performance of an IP address allocation scheme, namely Prophet allocation to be used for BANs. This allocation scheme is a fully decentralized addressing scheme which is applicable to BANs as it provides low latency, low communication overhead and low complexity. Relative theoretical analysis and simulation experiments have also been conducted to demonstrate its benefits which also represent the reason for the choice of this allocation scheme. It also solves the issues related to network partition and merger efficiently. © 2011 IEEE.

Mudugamuwa, DJ, Wenjing Jia, Xiangjian He & Jie Yang 1970, 'An overcomplete pyramid representation for improved gsm image denoising', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-6.
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Removing noise from a digital image is a challenging problem. Application of Gaussian Scale Mixtures (GSM) in the wavelet domain has been reported to be one of the most effective denoising algorithms, published to date. In this paper we investigate the impact of overcomplete wavelet image representations on the GSM image denoising algorithm. We explore the desirable local characteristics of wavelet coefficients that can enhance the efficiency of GSM denoising and based on the findings, we devise an improved over-complete pyramid representation to enhance the GSM denoising performance. We present the experimental denoising results using the proposed pyramid representation, and they outperform state-of-the-art GSM denoising results reported in the literature. © 2011 IEEE.

Mujtaba, M & Nanda, P 1970, 'Analysis of BGP security vulnerabilities', Proceedings of the 9th Australian Information Security Management Conference, Australian Information Security Management Conference, SECAU- Security Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Citigate Hotel, Perth, pp. 204-214.
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a dynamic routing protocol in the Internet that allows Autonomous System (AS) to exchange information with other networks. The main goal of BGP is to provide a loop free path to the destination. Security has been a major issue for BGP and due to a large number of attacks on routers; it has resulted in router misconfiguration, power failure and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Detection and prevention of attacks in router at early stages of implementation has been a major research focus in the past few years. In this research paper, we compare three statistical based anomaly detection algorithms (CUSUM, adaptive threshold and k-mean cluster) through experiment. We then carry out analysis, based on detection probability, false alarm rate and capture intensity (high & low) on the attacked routers.

Myint, H & Nanda, P 1970, 'An Integrated Model Supporting Billing and QOS in the Internet', 2011 12th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, Distributed Computing, IEEE, Sydney Australia, pp. 38-44.
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This article develops a charging scheme that is simple and easily usable for the users and provides them with the incentives to use only the resources they need. This scheme is developed on the time-volume charging approach to show how the contributing providers can share the total charge earned by each mobile and wireless service instance in a fair way, with each provider collecting the portion of charge that corresponds to the consumption of its own resources for the service. This is also an important issue for the commercial viability of mobile services to mobile users, given that its provision spans multiple domains. Our proposed architecture is compliant to the relevant standards and can serve as a basis for applying other Internet charging schemes as well. © 2011 IEEE.

Nguyen Thi Xuan My, Miyanaga, Y & Saivichit, C 1970, 'Link longevity-based routing mechanisms for aviation ad hoc network', 2011 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), 2011 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), IEEE.
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Nguyen, AV, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Development of a Bayesian recursive algorithm to find free-spaces for an intelligent wheelchair', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 7250-7253.
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This paper introduces a new shared control strategy for an intelligent wheelchair using a Bayesian recursive algorithm. Using the local environment information gathered by a laser range finder sensor and commands acquired through a user interface, a Bayesian recursive algorithm has been developed to find the most appropriate free-space, which corresponds to the highest posterior probability value. Then, an autonomous navigation algorithm will assist to manoeuvre the wheelchair in the chosen freespace. Experiment results demonstrate that the new method provides excellent performance with great flexibility and fast response.

Nguyen, JS, Tran, Y, Su, SW, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Semi-autonomous Wheelchair Developed Using a Unique Camera System Configuration Biologically Inspired by Equine Vision', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 5762-5765.
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This paper is concerned with the design and development of a semi-autonomous wheelchair system using cameras in a system configuration modeled on the vision system of a horse. This new camera configuration utilizes stereoscopic vision for 3-Dimensional (3D) depth perception and mapping ahead of the wheelchair, combined with a spherical camera system for 360-degrees of monocular vision. This unique combination allows for static components of an unknown environment to be mapped and any surrounding dynamic obstacles to be detected, during real-time autonomous navigation, minimizing blind-spots and preventing accidental collisions with people or obstacles. This novel vision system combined with shared control strategies provides intelligent assistive guidance during wheelchair navigation and can accompany any hands-free wheelchair control technology. Leading up to experimental trials with patients at the Royal Rehabilitation Centre (RRC) in Ryde, results have displayed the effectiveness of this system to assist the user in navigating safely within the RRC whilst avoiding potential collisions. © 2011 IEEE.

Nguyen, LB, Ling, SSH, Jones, TW, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Identification of hypoglycemic states for patients with T1DM using various parameters derived from EEG signals', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 2760-2763.
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For patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), hypoglycemia is a very common but dangerous complication which can lead to unconsciousness, coma and even death. The variety of hypoglycemia symptoms is originated from the inadequate supply of glucose to the brain. In this study, we explore the connection between hypoglycemic episodes and the electrical activity of neurons within the brain or electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. By analyzing EEG signals from a clinical study of five children with T1DM, associated with hypoglycemia at night, we find that some EEG parameters change significantly under hypoglycemia condition. Based on these parameters, a method of detecting hypoglycemic episodes using EEG signals with a feed-forward multi-layer neural network is proposed. In our application, the classification results are 72% sensitivity and 55% specificity when the EEG signals are acquired from 2 electrodes C3 and O2. Furthermore, signals from different channels are also analyzed to observe the contributions of each channel to the performance of hypoglycemia classification.

Nguyen, TN, Nguyen, H, Su, S & Celler, B 1970, 'Robust online adaptive neural network control for the regulation of treadmill exercises', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, USA, pp. 1005-1008.
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The paper proposes a robust online adaptive neural network control scheme for an automated treadmill system. The proposed control scheme is based on Feedback-Error Learning Approach (FELA), by using which the plant Jacobian calculation problem is avoided. Modification of the learning algorithm is proposed to solve the overtraining issue, guaranteeing to system stability and system convergence. As an adaptive neural network controller can adapt itself to deal with system uncertainties and external disturbances, this scheme is very suitable for treadmill exercise regulation when the model of the exerciser is unknown or inaccurate. In this study, exercise intensity (measured by heart rate) is regulated by simultaneously manipulating both treadmill speed and gradient in order to achieve fast tracking for which a single input multi output (SIMO) adaptive neural network controller has been designed. Real-time experiment result confirms that robust performance for nonlinear multivariable system under model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances can indeed be achieved. © 2011 IEEE.

Nikodem, J, Klempous, R, Nikodem, M & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Multi-hop and directed routing based on neighborhood cooperation in WSN', 2011 15th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2011 15th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES), IEEE, Poprad, Slovakia, pp. 221-227.
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The paper describes a relational abstraction of neighborhood cooperation for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) where node can identify its neighbors around it. Since radio links have limited range only some nodes have a direct contact with the Base Station (BS) and data transmission is executed using multi-hop communication to ensure that information is send from one node to another towards the BS. The novel abstract uses a subordination relation, to manage the neighbor cooperation between the WSN nodes, that exploits topological properties of the WSN. Based on the hop-distance from the BS, any node k is able to establish a set N<(k) consisting of nodes to which k has to send communication messages in order to maintain the data-flow direction towards the BS.

Nuryani, Ling, S, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Ventricular Repolarization Variability for Hypoglycemia Detection', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 7961-7964.
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Hypoglycemia is the most acute and common complication of Type 1 diabetes and is a limiting factor in a glycemic management of diabetes. In this paper, two main contributions are presented; firstly, ventricular repolarization variabilities are introduced for hypoglycemia detection, and secondly, a swarm-based support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with the inputs of the repolarization variabilities is developed to detect hypoglycemia. By using the algorithm and including several repolarization variabilities as inputs, the best hypoglycemia detection performance is found with sensitivity and specificity of 82.14% and 60.19%, respectively.

Obaidullah, K, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Evaluation of genetic algorithm-based detection for correlated MIMO fading channels', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Obaidullah, K, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Fading effects on parameter selection in genetic algorithm for MIMO detection', 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS), 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2011), IEEE.
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Otoom, AF, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Boosting mixtures of gaussians under normalized linear transformations for image classification', 7th International Conference on Information Technology and Application, ICITA 2011, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE, Sydney Australia, pp. 184-189.
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We address the problem of image classification. Our aim is to improve the performance of MLiT: mixture of Gaussians under Linear transformations, a feature-based classifier proposed in [1] aiming to reduce dimensionality based on a linear transformation which is not restricted to be orthogonal. Boosting might offer an interesting solution by improving the performance of a given base classification algorithm. In this paper, we propose to integrate MLiT within the framework of AdaBoost, which is a widely applied method for boosting. For experimental validation, we have evaluated the proposed method on the four UCI data sets (Vehicle, OpticDigit, WDBC, WPBC) [2] and the author's own. Boosting has proved capable of enhancing the performance of the base classifier on two data sets with improvements of up to 12.8%.

Pasha, SA & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Stochastic Intensity Propagation via LFT Modelling', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, International Federation of Automatic Control World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano, Italy, pp. 7779-7784.
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Recently linear fractional transformation (LFT) modelling has demonstrated considerable potential for the filtering problem of highly nonlinear state space systems. A characteristic of the LFT model is the feedback loop which encapsulates the nonlinearity of the state-space model in a structure that is both simple and sparse. For a broad class of practical problems the LFT gives an equivalent representation of the nonlinear state space models which is more efficient due to its structure. With an approximation localized to a simple nonlinearity in the feedback path, it has been shown that this approach works reasonably well where conventional linearization techniques fail. In this paper, we propose nonlinear filtering via LFT modelling for propagating the stochastic conditional intensity function for problems in multi-target filtering. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the performance of the proposed filter. © 2011 IFAC.

Peng, Y, Xu, M, Jin, JS, Luo, S & Zhao, G 1970, 'Cascade-Based License Plate Localization with Line Segment Features and Haar-Like Features', 2011 Sixth International Conference on Image and Graphics, Graphics (ICIG), IEEE, Hefei, Anchui China, pp. 1023-1028.
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AdaBoost classifiers with Haar-like features are widely used for license plate (LP) localization. However, it normally requires high-dimensional Haar-like features which cause extremely high computational cost. In this paper, a rejection cascade was built for LP localization with reduced Haar-like features. We first introduced line segment features as pre-input of Haarlike features for AdaBoost to eliminate more than 70% of the background in an image. Line segment features, including density, directionality and regularity, were extracted from line segments, which were detected by applying Hough Transform on an edge image. Later, AdaBoost classifiers with Haar-like features were further applied to identify the exact location of license plates. Our method dramatically reduced the demanded dimensions of Haar-like features, therefore saved much time in AdaBoost training stage. By comparing our method with methods of only using Haar-like features and only using line segment features, experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method achieved the best detection rate with significantly reduced dimensions of Haar-like features. © 2011 IEEE.

Pham Ngoc, H, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 1970, 'Dynamic analysis and control of a zone-control induction heating system', 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 4093-4100.
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This paper presents a quick and accurate power control method for a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system. The ZCIH system consists of multiple working coils connected to multiple H-bridge inverters. The system controls the amplitude and phase angle of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the workpiece uniform. This paper proposes a new control method for the coil currents based on a circuit model using real and imaginary (Re-Im) current/voltage components. The method detects and controls the Re-Im components of the coil current instead of the current amplitude and phase angle. As a result, the proposed method enables decoupling control for the system, making the control for each working coil independent from the others. Experiments on a 6-zone ZCIH laboratory setup are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method. It is clarified that the proposed method has a stable operation both in transient and steady states. The proposed system and control method enable system complexity reduction and control stability improvements.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'Optimized Solutions for Beamforming Problems in Amplify-Forward Wireless Relay Networks', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Beamforming problems in amlify-forward (AF) wireless relay network can be formulated as nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problems which is very difficult to solve directly. Generally, by transforming a QCQP problem into a semi-definite program (SDP) and by relaxing rank-one constraints, the problem can be tackled essentially. If resulting matrices found after solving SDP problems are of rank-one then the task can be terminated. However, in some scenarios such as minimizing individual power constraints on relays, most of the rank-one dropped SDP solutions have rank higher than one. In this case, a nonsmooth reverse convex optimization technique is employed to solve the problem iteratively then rank-one solutions can be optimized numerically. © 2011 IEEE.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'Space-time beamforming for multiuser wireless relay networks', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 2836-2839.
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The paper is concerned with a multiuser communication network, which is assisted by multiple relays. It has been observed through our previous related works that the conventional simultaneous beamforming at parallel amply-and-forward (AF) relays is not quite effective and often infeasible to target practically desirable signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at the destinations. To overcome this shortage, we propose the time-division for multiple-user transmission to the relays so the later can perform beamforming on signals received from the individuals and then parallelly forward its combinations at once to the destinations. The optimal beamforming problem is a nonconvex quadratically constrained optimization, which is globally solved by our tailored algorithm of nonsmooth optimization. Its found global optimal solutions are shown very effective and over-perform other possible multi-user relay beamformings. © 2011 IEEE.

Pradabpet, C, Miyanaga, Y & Chivapreecha, S 1970, 'New hybrid of PTS-CAPPR methods with non-uniform phase factor and coded SI technique in OFDM systems', The 8th Electrical Engineering/ Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI) Association of Thailand - Conference 2011, 2011 8th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON 2011), IEEE, pp. 377-380.
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In this paper, we propose a new PAPR reduction by using hybrid of partial transmit sequences (PTS) and cascade adaptive peak power reduction (CAPPR) methods with non-uniform phase factor and coded side information (SI) technique. These methods are used for reduce peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The hybrid of PTS-CAPPR methods when number of sub-block increases, high efficiency of PAPR reduction can be obtained. However, a quite large calculation cost must be demanded and thus it is impossible to obtain the optimum. In the proposed method, we introduce non-uniform phase factor and coded SI technique. The total calculation cost and number bit of side information for recovering original data becomes drastically reduced. In simulation results, the proposed method demonstrated the improvement of PAPR and bit error rate (BER) performance. © 2011 IEEE.

Prukkanon, N, Chamnongthai, K & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'VT-AMDF pitch detection algorithm and Thai tone recognition system', The 8th Electrical Engineering/ Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI) Association of Thailand - Conference 2011, 2011 8th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON 2011), IEEE.
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Qin, PY, Guo, YJ & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Capacity enhancement of 2×2 MIMO system using pattern reconfigurable antennas', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, USA, pp. 1694-1697.
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The capacity enhancement of a multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system using pattern reconfigurable antennas is investigated. In the study, pattern reconfigurable U-slot antennas are incorporated in a 2×2 MIMO-OFDM demonstrator and the channel measurements are conducted in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) indoor environments. Capacities of the system with pattern reconfigurable and omnidirectional antennas are compared. Measured results show that the pattern reconfigurable antennas can enhance the system capacity, with 17% improvement in the LOS scenario and 12% in the NLOS scenario at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB, with respect to the reference omnidirectional antennas. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Qing Fang Teng, Wei Zhong Zhang, Jian Guo Zhu & You Guang Guo 1970, 'Design of protection circuit for arc welding power supply', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 232-234.
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The paper discusses the design of protection circuits responsible for the reliability of arc welding power supply. The protection circuits include three parts, and they are soft-start circuit for anti-surge, circuit for eliminating transformer DC bias magnetic field and circuit for transient over-voltage suppression, respectively. The detail calculations about component parameters of these circuits are given. The transformer and the power devices in this paper are regarded as ideal devices. Meanwhile, their losses are neglected. The method can provide certain guide for improving reliability of protection circuit.

Qing Fang Teng, Wei Zhong Zhang, Jian Guo Zhu & You Guang Guo 1970, 'Modeling of arc welding power supply', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 228-231.
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This paper gives a method of establishing small-signal model for full-bridge inverter arc welding power supply via statespace averaging treatment and linearization method. On the basis of the model, the frequency response reflecting dynamical characteristics of arc welding power supply is analyzed by means of MATLAB. The simulation result has agreement with experiment result as regards dynamical property. The small signal frequent mathematical model established in the paper can reflect basic characteristic of practical arc welding power system.

Qudah, I, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 1970, 'Proposed Novel Solution to Improve Medication Adherence for Cardiac Patients', 2011 IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT), IEEE Comptuting Society, Jordan Amman, pp. 310-315.
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In this paper we describe our approach to improve medication adherence. The issue of medication adherence is widely been studied. The paper discusses the differences between existing technologies/devices used to improve medication adherence and proposes a novel solution that links between technologty and behavious change model to predict and assess people tendency to make a change models to predict and assess people tendency to make a change models to predict and assess people tendency to make a change in their health behaviour towards adhering to their medication regimens. The use of technology in this intervention is aiming at assessing the effectiveness of using technology to motivate subjects and improve their medication adherence ratings.

Quek, A, Wang, Z, Zhang, J & Feng, D 1970, 'Structural Image Classification with Graph Neural Networks', 2011 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Noosa, Queensland, Australia, pp. 416-421.
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Many approaches to image classification tend to transform an image into an unstructured set of numeric feature vectors obtained globally and/or locally, and as a result lose important relational information between regions. In order to encode the geometric relationships between image regions, we propose a variety of structural image representations that are not specialised for any particular image category. Besides the traditional grid-partitioning and global segmentation methods, we investigate the use of local scale-invariant region detectors. Regions are connected based not only upon nearest-neighbour heuristics, but also upon minimum spanning trees and Delaunay triangulation. In order to maintain the topological and spatial relationships between regions, and also to effectively process undirected connections represented as graphs, we utilise the recently-proposed graph neural network model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first utilisation of the model to process graph structures based on local-sampling techniques, for the task of image classification. Our experimental results demonstrate great potential for further work in this domain. © 2011 IEEE.

Qureshi, AA, Afzal, MU, Taqueer, T & Tarar, MA 1970, 'Performance analysis of FR-4 substrate for high frequency microstrip antennas', 2011 China-Japan Joint Microwave Conference Proceedings, CJMW 2011, pp. 159-162.
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This work investigated the use of FR-4 substrate as a possible candidate for antenna design in the X-band. For this purpose single element microstrip antennas have been designed at frequencies ranging from 2 to 10 GHz. The variations in the antenna performance due to frequency increase have been studied. S-parameters have been used as a comparison metric between the simulated and fabricated antennas. The work provided an insight into the performance of antennas. Consequently, the modifications required in the antenna simulation design environment are suggested. © 2011 CJMW.

Qureshi, AA, Afzal, MU, Tauqeer, T & Tarar, MA 1970, 'Signal analysis, design methodolgy, and modular development of a TR module for phased array radars', 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2011), IEEE.
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Phased array radars have received considerable importance both in commercial and defense communications. Lot of research has been carried out regarding development of its necessary components such as the antenna array, transmit/receive module (TRM) and processor unit. The cost, efficiency, wide bandwidth, and fabrication technology for the TRM have been pursued as key research areas. Cost reduction techniques till date have focused on the use of high tech MMIC fabrication techniques. Literature lacks in guiding a novice design engineer working on TRM in a cost effective manner. This paper presents mathematical analysis of signals processed in a TRM to enable a design engineer understand the constraints involved in the system design. The behavioral simulation, at 2.0 GHz, of TR module has been performed and, simulated results of phase shifter and TR switch sub-modules are also presented. Detailed system simulation is performed using lumped components for cost effective implementation in a lab environment. The results depict a close realization of the mathematical formulation. © 2011 IEEE.

Radmanesh, N, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'REPRODUCTION OF INDEPENDENT NARROWBAND SOUNDFIELDS IN A MULTIZONE SURROUND SYSTEM AND ITS EXTENSION TO SPEECH SIGNAL SOURCES', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 461-464.
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Rafiei, A, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D & Safaei, F 1970, 'Boundary Node Selection Algorithms in WSNs', 2011 IEEE 36TH CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS (LCN), IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Bonn, Germany, pp. 251-254.
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Physical damage and/or node power exhaustion may lead to coverage holes in WSNs. Coverage holes can be directly detected by certain proximate nodes known as boundary nodes (B-nodes). Due to the sensor nodes' redundant deployment and autonomous fault detection, holes are surrounded by a margin of B-nodes (MB-nodes). If all B-nodes in the margin take part in the hole recovery processes, either by increasing their transmission power or by relocating towards region of interest (ROI), the probability of collision, interference, disconnection, and isolation may increase affecting the rest of the network's performance and QoS. Thus, distributed boundary node selection algorithms (BNS-Algorithms) are proposed to address these issues. BNS-algorithms allow B-nodes to self-select based on available 1-hop information extracted from nodes' simple geometrical and statistical features. Our results show that the performance of the proposed distributed BNS-algorithms approaches that of their centralized counterparts. © 2011 IEEE.

Rahali, E, Chong, WJ, Chaczko, Z & Braun, R 1970, 'Holonic Modelling of Business Process Management', 2011 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, 2011 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Kusadasi, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 1-6.
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This paper discusses experiences of applying a Holonic approach for Modelling the Business Process Management (BPM) in the telecommunication domain. Topics presented in this paper include shared experiences as well as common problems both experienced and anticipated in adaptation of Holonic approach for specifying and modelling the UMTS technology using the AnyLogic multi-agent based simulation software. The theory of Holonic modelling for BPM would be applied as a development paradigm for the models. © 2011 IEEE.

Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Uthman, M, Wijeratne, INM & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Finite element characterisation of photonic crystal fibers', 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011), 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC), IEEE, pp. 660-664.
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Rashid, U, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Semi-definite programming for distributed tracking of dynamic objects by nonlinear sensor network', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 3532-3535.
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This paper discusses dynamic state estimation for nonlinear measurement model through distributed multisensor network under power constraints. For this scenario, we propose an optimized power allocation strategy based on semidefinite programming, that achieves minimum mean-squared error for the estimate subject to constraints on total transmit power. System nonlinearity is handled effectively with the help of distributed unscented Kalman filtering and linear fractional transformation. Furthermore, advantage of using multiple sensors over a single independent sensor is established through simulation results for tracking a maneuvering target. © 2011 IEEE.

Roy, NK, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Effects of load modeling in power distribution system with distributed wind generation', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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This paper presents the impact of different types of load models in distribution network with distributed wind generation. The analysis is carried out for a test distribution system representative of the Kumamoto area in Japan. Firstly, this paper provides static analysis showing the impact of static load on distribution system. Then, it investigates the effects of static as well as composite load based on the load composition of IEEE task force report [1] through an accurate time-domain analysis. The analysis shows that modeling of loads has a significant impact on the voltage dynamics of the distribution system with distributed generation. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Roy, NK, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Voltage profile improvement for distributed wind generation using D-STATCOM', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI.
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Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Kirkham, R, Moorhead, G, Dunn, P, De Geronimo, G, Rosenfeld, AB & IEEE 1970, 'Preclinical Studies Using a Prototype High-Resolution PET System with Depth of Interaction', 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC), Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Anaheim, California, USA, pp. 3305-3307.
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A novel high resolution PET scanner dedicated to imaging small volumes (small animals or positron mammography) has been developed. The system utilises a novel SiPM detector array coupled to a pixelated LYSO scintillator and placed in an edge-on formation around the ring. The unique design provides a more accurate placement of the Lines of Response (LoR) by measuring the Depth of Interaction (DoI) which results in a uniform spatial resolution across the whole field of view (FoV). Analytical modelling of the effect of parallax error on spatial resolution is presented. A full prototype of the system is simulated using GATE/GEANT4 with Ge-68 point sources placed at various positions within the FoV. The simulation results are compared to experimental measurements on the prototype system, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach to determining the DoI is demonstrated. The effectiveness of the DoI estimation in achieving a uniform spatial resolution across the entire FoV is demonstrated where a 30% improvement in spatial resolution close to the outer edge of the gantry ring is obtained. Preliminary images of a micro-Defrise phantom filled with F-18 obtained using the prototype system are presented and compared with a simulation of the same configuration. © 2011 IEEE.

San, PP, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Block Based Neural Network for Hypoglycemia Detection', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 5666-5669.
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In this paper, evolvable block based neural network (BBNN) is presented for detection of hypoglycemia episodes. The structure of BBNN consists of a two-dimensional (2D) array of fundamental blocks with four variable inputoutput nodes and weight connections. Depending on the structure settings, each block can have one of four different internal configurations. To provide early detection of hypoglycemia episodes, the physiological parameters such as heart rate (HR) and corrected QT interval (QTc) of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal are used as the inputs of BBNN. The overall structure and weights of BBNN are optimized by an evolutionary algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM). The optimized structures and weights of BBNN are capable to compensate large variations of ECG patterns caused by individual and temporal difference since a fixed structure classifiers are easy to fail to trace ECG signals with large variations. The ECG data of 15 patients are organized into a training set, a testing set and a validation set, each of which has randomly selected 5 patients. The simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm, BBNN with HPSOWM can successfully detect the hypoglycemic episodes in T1DM in term of testing sensitivity (76.74%) and test specificity (50.91%).

Sen, J 1970, 'Secure Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks', Book Chapter: Jaydip Sen (2011). Secure Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks, Wireless Mesh Networks, Nobuo Funabiki (Ed.), InTech. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/secure-routing-in-wireless-mesh-networks, International Conference on Information Systems Security (ICISS), Springer, Jaipur, India, pp. 393-408.
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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising concept to meet thechallenges in next-generation networks such as providing flexible, adaptive,and reconfigurable architecture while offering cost-effective solutions to theservice providers. Unlike traditional Wi-Fi networks, with each access point(AP) connected to the wired network, in WMNs only a subset of the APs arerequired to be connected to the wired network. The APs that are connected tothe wired network are called the Internet gateways (IGWs), while the APs thatdo not have wired connections are called the mesh routers (MRs). The MRs areconnected to the IGWs using multi-hop communication. The IGWs provide access toconventional clients and interconnect ad hoc, sensor, cellular, and othernetworks to the Internet. However, most of the existing routing protocols forWMNs are extensions of protocols originally designed for mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs) and thus they perform sub-optimally. Moreover, most routing protocolsfor WMNs are designed without security issues in mind, where the nodes are allassumed to be honest. In practical deployment scenarios, this assumption doesnot hold. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of security issues inWMNs and then particularly focuses on secure routing in these networks. First,it identifies security vulnerabilities in the medium access control (MAC) andthe network layers. Various possibilities of compromising data confidentiality,data integrity, replay attacks and offline cryptanalysis are also discussed.Then various types of attacks in the MAC and the network layers are discussed.After enumerating the various types of attacks on the MAC and the networklayer, the chapter briefly discusses on some of the preventive mechanisms forthese attacks.

Shi, X, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'MIMO precoding performance for correlated and estimated Rician fading', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Linear Predictive perceptual filtering for Acoustic Vector Sensors: Exploiting directional recordings for high quality speech enhancement', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 5068-5071.
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This paper investigates the performance of a new technique for speech enhancement which combines Linear Predictive (LP) spectrum-based perceptual filtering to the recordings obtained from an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS). The technique takes advantage of the directional polar responses of the AVS to obtain a significantly more accurate representation of the LP spectrum of a target speech signal in the presence of noise when compared to single channel, omni-directional recordings. Comparisons between the speech quality obtained from the proposed technique and existing beamforming-based speech enhancement techniques for the AVS are made through Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) tests and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) listening tests. Results show significant improvements in PESQ and MOS scores of 0.2 and 1.6, respectively, for the proposed enhancement technique. Being based on a miniature microphone array, the approach is particular suitable for hands free communication applications in mobile telephony. © 2011 IEEE.

Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Separation of speech sources using an Acoustic Vector Sensor', 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), IEEE, Hangzhou, China.
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This paper investigates how the directional characteristics of an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS) can be used to separate speech sources. The technique described in this work takes advantage of the frequency domain direction of arrival estimates to identify the location, relative to the AVS array, of each individual speaker in a group of speakers and separate them accordingly into individual speech signals. Results presented in this work show that the technique can be used for real-time separation of speech sources using a single 20ms frame of speech, furthermore the results presented show that there is an average improvement in the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) for the proposed algorithm over the unprocessed recording of 15.1 dB and an average improvement of 5.4 dB in terms of Signal to Distortion Ratio (SDR) over the unprocessed recordings. In addition to the SIR and SDR results, Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) and listening tests both show an improvement in perceptual quality of 1 Mean Opinion Score (MOS) over unprocessed recordings. © 2011 IEEE.

Siriteanu, C & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Realistic performance and complexity of multi-antenna wireless communications systems', Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, ICUIMC '11: The 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, ACM.
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Multi-antenna transceivers can enhance transmission reliability, data rate, and user capacity. They are thus essential in future ubiquitous networks that connect us to personal devices and the internet. This paper demonstrates the dramatic effects of actual propagation conditions on transceiver performance and complexity. Propagation is parameterized by the azimuth spread (AS) and Rician k-factor, which determine the channel spatial statistics. As receiver combining method we select maximal-ratio eigencombining (MREC), also known as eigenbeamforming. For MREC, we have recently derived a convenient average error probability expression applicable to Rayleigh or Rician fading channels with spatially-correlated fading and estimated channel state information (CSI). We average numerically this expression over realistic AS and k distributions for measured indoor, sub/urban, and rural scenarios. Numerical results are shown for estimated Rayleigh and Rician fading, fixed and random k, and various AS-k correlation values. Copyright 2011 ACM.

Siriteanu, C, Shi, X & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Analysis and simulation of MIMO zero-forcing detection performance for correlated and estimated Rician-fading channel', 2011 Australian Communications Theory Workshop, 2011 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW), IEEE.
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Siriteanu, C, Shi, X & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'MIMO Zero-Forcing Detection Performance for Correlated and Estimated Rician Fading with Lognormal Azimuth Spread and K-Factor', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE.
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Sun, Y & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'New continuous speech feature adjustment for a noise-robust CSR system', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 309-313.
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We propose a noise-robust continuous speech recognition (CSR) method for recognition. In model building, we extract the novel feature vector by using running spectrum analysis (RSA) and dynamic range adjustment (DRA) methods. DRA adjusts the dynamic range on MFCC modulation spectrum domain (MSD). In recognition, the algorithm automatically divides the continuous speech into short sentences and blocks, then we use DRA based on the blocks. The proposed algorithm efficiency is studied for clean and noisy environment. In our experiments, all HMMs have been trained by using the Japanese newspaper article sentence (JNAS) database. The average recognition rate improves under various types of noise and SNR conditions. © 2011 IEEE.

Takizawa, J, Kaji, T, Yoshizawa, S, Gunji, T, Tawarayama, M & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Development of wireless video transmission equipment by cooperating hardware and software in wideband MIMO-OFDM system', 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS), 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2011), IEEE.
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This paper presents a wireless video transmission equipment by cooperating hardware and software in wideband 22 MIMO-OFDM system. Hardware processes of wireless transmission in MIMO detection, MIMO-OFDM modulation/demodulation, error correction, and oversampling are implemented in a FPGA board. Software processes deal with video transmission in data buffering, streaming packet generation, and video encoding/decoding. We have considered an optimal scheme in both software and hardware implementations. Quality of MPEG-4 video transmission has been evaluated in the developed equipment. © 2011 IEEE.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P & Liu, RP 1970, 'Denial-of-Service Attack Detection Based on Multivariate Correlation Analysis', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 756-765.
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The reliability and availability of network services are being threatened by the growing number of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Effective mechanisms for DoS attack detection are demanded. Therefore, we propose a multivariate correlation analysis approach to investigate and extract second-order statistics from the observed network traffic records. These second-order statistics extracted by the proposed analysis approach can provide important correlative information hiding among the features. By making use of this hidden information, the detection accuracy can be significantly enhanced. The effectiveness of the proposed multivariate correlation analysis approach is evaluated on the KDD CUP 99 dataset. The evaluation shows encouraging results with average 99.96% detection rate and 2.08% false positive rate. Comparisons also show that our multivariate correlation analysis based detection approach outperforms some other current researches in detecting DoS attacks. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P & Liu, RP 1970, 'Multivariate Correlation Analysis Technique Based on Euclidean Distance Map for Network Traffic Characterization', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Information and Communications Security, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Beijing, China, pp. 388-398.
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The quality of feature has significant impact on the performance of detection techniques used for Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. The features that fail to provide accurate characterization for network traffic records make the techniques suffer from low accuracy in detection. Although researches have been conducted and attempted to overcome this problem, there are some constraints in these works. In this paper, we propose a technique based on Euclidean Distance Map (EDM) for optimal feature extraction. The proposed technique runs analysis on original feature space (first-order statistics) and extracts the multivariate correlations between the first-order statistics. The extracted multivariate correlations, namely second-order statistics, preserve significant discriminative information for accurate characterizations of network traffic records, and these multivariate correlations can be the high-quality potential features for DoS attack detection. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated using KDD CUP 99 dataset and experimental analysis shows encouraging results. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Thalakotuna, DNP, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Dynamic tuning of electromagnetic bandgap', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, pp. 1065-1067.
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Dynamically changing the position and width of the electromagnetic band gap of a periodic microwave structure is investigated. The one-dimensional structure consists of twenty four unit cells. It has two dielectric layers: a relatively thick Alumina bottom layer and a thin Polymide top layer, with a thickness ratio of 252. There is a microstrip on the top surface. Metal patches, sandwiched between the two layers, are selectively short circuited to the ground plane on the bottom surface, using vias and FET switches, to change the bandgap and hence the cut-off characteristics of the microwave structure. The results obtained for different switching patterns indicate that this structure can be used in filtering and sensing applications in 2.9 GHz 3.1GHz range. © 2011 EurAAP.

Thalakotuna, DNP, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Effect of active device insertion losses on the electromagnetic bandgap characteristics of a tunable 1D periodic structure in the S band', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Spokane, WA, pp. 1808-1811.
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Tian Shi Wang, Zhu, JG, You Guang Guo, Gang Lei & Xu, W 1970, 'Simulation and experimental studies of permanent magnet synchronous motor control methods', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 252-255.
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This paper presents simulation and experimental studies of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control methods, including vector control (VC) or field oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC) and model predictive control (MPC). The static and dynamic performance of each method are performed and compared in Matlab/Simulink and dSAPCE system.

Ting Sun & Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu 1970, 'Digital time-multiplexing control of single-switch dual-output DC/DC converter', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2011), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 828-833.
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A single-switch dual-output buck DC/DC converter with digital time-multiplexing control (TMC) technique is presented in this paper. Adaptive weighted voltage control (WVC) is introduced over the existing fixed WVC for power conversion and it is capable of flexibly and dynamically distributing output voltage errors. The digital TMC is implemented by a low cost micro-controller. Simulation and experimental results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 1970, 'Channel estimation for amplify-and-forward relaying with spatially correlated antennas', 2011 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2011 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2011), IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 1-5.
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This paper proposes an optimal training design for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system in which the source, relay and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. Examined is the scenario when spatial correlation exists among the multiple antennas employed at each node in the system and such information is properly taken into account in the training design. The training design problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently solved with the iterative bisection procedure. Simulation results demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed training design for the linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) channel vector estimation over the training design for the LMMSE channel matrix estimation.

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 1970, 'Designs of Training Signals for Spatially Correlated Multi-User MIMO-OFDM', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan.
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Optimal training design and channel estimation for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is still an open research topic of great interest. This paper applies tractable semi-definite programming to obtain the optimal training signal for the general case of spatial channel correlations for multi-user MIMO-OFDM. The optimal solution in closed-form expression is also derived for a special case of transmit correlations. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed designs and their performance advantage over the equi-powered training designs. © 2011 IEEE.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 1970, 'Decentralised Predictive Control with Energy Dissipation Bounds for Wireless Structural Control Applications', 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2011), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul Korea, pp. 39-44.
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Decentralized control architectures for multi-storey buildings using wireless sensors and distributed embedding systems have been attracting more research recently. The designs for this application are however limited by the computational capacity embedded in each subsystem, the communication bandwidth and range of wireless channels, as well as the temporal constraints for real-time seismic protections. This paper presents a novel decentralized predictive control (DPC) strategy which can meet these design constraints. The control design takes into account the guaranteed closed-loop stability for the large-scale structure which is established from the dissipative systems theory. The proposed DPC strategy features two offline control laws to be switched-over online to minimize the computational and communication demands. By emulating the energy dissipation rate with a stabilizing constraint for the DPC optimization, the seismic protection performance of structural networked controls can be improved. The approach is designated with energy-dissipation DPC for structures using semiactive dampers. The approximated polynomial models of magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are adopted for linear systems in decentralized control designs. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the analytical developments.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 1970, 'Set-point tracking semi-automatic control of interconnected systems with input disturbances', Proceedings of the 2011 Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2011, Australian Control Conference, Engineers Australia & IEEE, Melbourne Australia, pp. 224-229.
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This paper presents the novel concept of incrementally accumulative quadratic constraint (IAQC) and its use in the constrained stabilisation for complex interconnected systems in set-point control (set-point tracking) schemes. IAQC is an incremental and discrete-time version of the integral quadratic constraint (IQC) in the time domain. A constructive method of stabilising agents for use with decentralised model predictive controllers (MPC) in semi-automatic modes is subsequently introduced. Here, the nonzero set-point control and local disturbances are effectively dealt with by employing a quadratical dissipativity criterion w.r.t control inputs and plant outputs, and a norm bounded gain for the disturbance input and plant output pair. The procedure of IAQC-based stabilising agents accommodates the coexistence of feedback control and man-in-the-loop regulation. The multiplier matrices of the IAQC are updated on-the-fly to assure the constrained feasibility. The control application of a counter-current washing circuit in a hydrometallurgical process is simulated to illustrate the viability of the presented stabilising agent. © 2011 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA & AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL.

Tran, T, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Semi-automatic control of modular systems with intermittent data losses', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2011), IEEE, Trieste Italy, pp. 625-630.
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This paper presents a control procedure of distributed stabilising agents for dynamically-coupled systems operating in the imperfect data environment of a mesh device network. A multivariable controller is applied to each single modular subsystem, which also allows for a manual control mode. To deal with the device network, intermittent data losses are compensated for on-the-fly using the incrementally accumulative quadratic constraint (AQC). The incrementally AQC is employed in the procedure of stabilising agents to accommodate the coexistence of closed-loop control and man-in-the-loop regulation. These agents render stabilising bounds for the manipulated variables in the automatic control mode, and at the same time, provide warning signals and manipulation guidance for the operators to prevent possible plant-wide destabilisation in the semi-automatic control mode. Taking the control constraints into consideration, the feasibility of AQC-based stabilising bounds is guaranteed for the consecutive datalost periods of device networks. The innovative aspect of the proposed approach rests on the stability condition developed from the input and output evolution prescribed in the controller AQC and the system dissipativity, as well as the method of remedying data losses right after the incidents. Simulation results are provided for the model predictive control of an industrial modular system in the mineral processing industry. © 2011 IEEE.

Tran, T, Ha, QP, Nguyen, HT & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Toward Plant-wide Control of Reticulated Systems Arising in Alumina Refineries with Online Stabilisation', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, IFAC World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano Italy, pp. 10529-10534.
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This paper presents a novel distributed model predictive control strategy for reticulated systems of the alumina refining process. The plant-wide control is facilitated by the constructive method of online stabilisations that is applicable to the model predictive controllers (MPC) as stability constraints. The plant-wide process is modeled as a large-scale system formed by the subsystems of different unit operations interconnected to each other. The stability condition for the interconnected system is derived from the accumulative quadratic constraint (AQC), which is subsequently developed into receding-horizon stability constraints for MPC. The proposed online stabilisation scheme can be implemented for a department and/or the whole alumina refinery, which consists of four main departments of digestion, clarification, precipitation-filtration, and evaporation. The theoretical results are illustrated by simulations for a typical example of three dynamically-coupled subsystems.

Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Error-entropy based channel state estimation of spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 3468-3471.
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This paper deals with optimized training sequences to estimate multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) channel states in the presence of spatial fading correlations. The optimization criterion is the entropy minimization of the error between the high multi-dimensional and correlated channel state and its estimator. The globally optimized training sequences are exactly solved by a semi-definite programming (SDP) of tractable computational complexity O((M t (M t + 1)/2) 2.5 ), where M t is the transmit antenna number. With new tight two-sided bounds for the objective function, the optimal value of the generic SDP can be approximately solved by the standard water-filling algorithm. Intensive simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of our methods. © 2011 IEEE.

Tuan, HD, Son, TT, Tuy, H & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Optimum multi-user detection by nonsmooth optimization', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 3444-3447.
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The optimum multiuser detection (OMD) is a discrete (binary) optimization. The previously developed approaches often relax it by a semi-definite program (SDP) and then employ randomization for searching the optimal solution around the solution of this relaxed SDP. In this paper, we show the limited capacity of this SDP program, which at the end cannot give a better solution than the simple linear minimum mean square error detector (LMMSE). Our departure point is to express the problem as quadratic minimization over quadratic equality constraint (QMQE) or concave quadratic minimization over a box of continuous optimization (CQOB). The QMQE allows us to develop a nonsmooth optimization algorithm to locate the global optimal solution of OMD, while CQOB facilities effective confirmation of the solutions found by QMQE. Our intensive simulation clearly shows that the algorithm outperforms all previously developed algorithms while the computational burden is essentially reduced. © 2011 IEEE.

Tune, P & Veitch, D 1970, 'Sampling vs sketching: An information theoretic comparison', 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE INFOCOM 2011 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2105-2113.
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The main approaches to high speed measurement in routers are traffic sampling, and sketching. However, it is not known which paradigm is inherently better at extracting information from traffic streams. We tackle this problem for the first time using Fisher information as a means of comparison, in the context of flow size distribution measurement. We first provide a side-by-side information theoretic comparison, and then with added resource constraints according to simple models of router implementations. Finally, we evaluate the performance of both methods on actual traffic traces.

Vakiloroaya, V, Su, SW & Ha, QP 1970, 'HVAC Integrated Control for Energy Saving and Comfort Enhancement', 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2011), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul Korea, pp. 245-250.
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The overall attainable reduction in energy consumption and enhancement of human comfort of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are dependant on thermodynamic behavior of buildings as well as performance of HVAC components and device control strategies. In this paper by refining the models of HVAC components, the influence of integrated control of shading blinds and natural ventilation on HVAC system performance is discussed in terms of energy savings and human comfort. An actual central cooling plant of a commercial building in the hot and dry climate condition is used for experimental data collection, modeling and strategy testing. Subject to comfort constraints, interactions between the buildingâs transient hourly load and system performance are considered to show how the system energy consumption varies at different control strategies. For validation, a holistic approach is proposed to integrate dynamic operations of shading devices with direct and indirect ventilation of a commercial building equipped with a central cooling plant. Simulation results are provided to show possibility of significant energy saving and comfort enhancement by implementing proper control strategies.

Van, A, Gay, V, Kennedy, PJ, Barin, E & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'Understanding risk factors in cardiac rehabilitation patients with random forests and decision trees.', AusDM, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Ballarat, Australia, pp. 11-22.

Wang, L, He, X, Du, R, Jia, W, Wu, Q & Yeh, W-C 1970, 'Facial Expression Recognition on Hexagonal Structure Using LBP-Based Histogram Variances', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Multimedia Modeling Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 35-45.
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In our earlier work, we have proposed an HVF (Histogram Variance Face) approach and proved its effectiveness for facial expression recognition. In this paper, we extend the HVF approach and present a novel approach for facial expression. We take into account the human perspective and understanding of facial expressions. For the first time, we propose to use the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) defined on the hexagonal structure to extract local, dynamic facial features from facial expression images. The dynamic LBP features are used to construct a static image, namely Hexagonal Histogram Variance Face (HHVF), for the video representing a facial expression. We show that the HHVFs representing the same facial expression (e.g., surprise, happy and sadness etc.) are similar no matter if the performers and frame rates are different. Therefore, the proposed facial recognition approach can be utilised for the dynamic expression recognition. We have tested our approach on the well-known Cohn-Kanade AU-Coded Facial Expression database. We have found the improved accuracy of HHVF-based classification compared with the HVF-based approach. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Wang, N, Zhang, J & Xia, X 1970, 'Energy consumption of air conditioners at different temperature set points', IEEE Africon '11, AFRICON 2011, IEEE, Livingstone, ZAMBIA.
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Wang, R, Tapson, J, Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'An analogue VLSI implementation of polychromous spiking neural networks', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 97-102.
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We present an analogue VLSI implementation of a polychronous network of spiking neurons. The network is capable of storing and retrieving spatial-temporal spike patterns. It consists of 14 leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons and corresponding axonal connections with programmable delays. © 2011 IEEE.

Wang, S, Jia, W, Wu, Q, He, X & Yang, J 1970, 'Learning Global and Local Features for License Plate Detection', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 547-556.
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This paper proposes an intelligent system that is capable of automatically detecting license plates from static images captured by a digital still camera. A supervised learning approach is used to extract features from license plates, and both global feature and local feature are organized into a cascaded structure. In general, our framework can be divided into two stages. The first stage is constructed by extracting global correlation features and a posterior probability can be estimated to quickly determine the degree of resemblance between the evaluated image region and a license plate. The second stage is constructed by further extracting local dense-SIFT (dSIFT) features for AdaBoost supervised learning approach, and the selected dSIFT features will be used to construct a strong classifier. Using dSIFT as a type of highly distinctive local feature, our algorithm gives high detection rate under various complex conditions. The proposed framework is compared with existing works and promising results are obtained. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Wang, S, Wu, Q, He, X & Jia, W 1970, 'More on Weak Feature: Self-correlate Histogram Distances', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and Video Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Gwangju, South Korea, pp. 214-223.
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In object detection research, there is a discussion on weak feature and strong feature, feature descriptors, regardless of being considered as 'weak feature descriptors' or 'strong feature descriptors' does not necessarily imply detector performance unless combined with relevant classification algorithms. Since 2001, main stream object detection research projects have been following the Viola Jone's weak feature (Haar-like feature) and AdaBoost classifier approach. Until 2005, when Dalal and Triggs have created the approach of a strong feature (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) framework for human detection. This paper proposes an approach to improve the salience of a weak feature descriptor by using intra-feature correlation. Although the intensity histogram distance feature known as Histogram Distance of Haar Regions (HDHR) itself is considered as a weak feature and can only be used to construct a weak learner to learn an AdaBoost classifier. In our paper, we explore the pairwise correlations between each and every histograms constructed and a strong feature can then be formulated. With the newly constructed strong feature based on histogram distances, a SVM classifier can be trained and later used for classification tasks. Promising experimental results have been obtained. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Wang, T, Zhu, J & Zhang, Y 1970, 'Model predictive torque control for PMSM with duty ratio optimization', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE.
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This paper presents the application of model based predictive torque control (MPTC) with duty ratio optimization for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. By using MPTC, significant reduction in torque and flux ripples can be achieved by selecting the voltage vector best satisfying the demands of torque and flux. Moreover, the MPTC drive system can maintain the performance by incorporating duty ratio optimization of the active vector with a lower sampling frequency. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in this paper. © 2011 IEEE.

Wang, W, Wu, Q, Jia, W & He, S 1970, 'Training-Free License Plate Detection Using Vehicle Symmetry and Simple Features', Proceedings: Twenty-sixth International Conference Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 260-265.
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In this paper, we propose a training free license plate detection method. We use a challenging benchmark dataset for license plate detection. Unlike many existing approaches, the proposed approach is a training free method, which does not require supervised training procedure and yet can achieve a reasonably good performance. Our motivation comes from the fact that, although license plates are largely variant in color, size, aspect ratio, illumination condition and so on, the rear view of vehicles is mostly symmetric with regard to the vehicles central axis. In addition, license plates for most vehicles are usually located on or close to the vertical axis of the vehicle body along which the vehicle is nearly symmetric. Taking advantage of such prior knowledge, the license plate detection problem is made simpler compared to the conventional scanning window approach which not only requires a large number of scanning window locations, but also requires different parameter settings such as scanning window sizes, aspect ratios and so on.

Wenfei Wang, Lu, DD-C & Chu, GM-L 1970, 'Digital control of bridgeless buck PFC converter in discontinuous-input-voltage-mode', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1312-1317.
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A new digital controlled, bridgeless ac/dc buck converter that operates in discontinuous-input-voltage mode (DIVM) is presented. It has inherent power factor correction property and draws continuous input current during conduction period with a constant duty cycle. In addition, the efficiency of the proposed buck PFC rectifier is improved by adopting a bridgeless configuration. The converter also works as a voltage doubler which reduces the size of the output capacitors. Detailed operating analysis, design criteria, and modeling of the buck converter are reported. Experimental results for verifying the theoretical analysis are also presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Wenfeng Cui, Bo Yang, Yi Zhao, Wuhua Li & Xiangning He 1970, 'A novel single-phase transformerless grid-connected inverter', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE.
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Xianming Ye, Xia, X, Zhang, J & Chen, Y 1970, 'Characterizing long memories in electric water heater power consumption time series', IEEE Africon '11, AFRICON 2011, IEEE, Livingstone, ZAMBIA.
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Xiao, X, Xu, C, Wang, J & Xu, M 1970, 'Landmark recognition and retrieval', Proceedings of the 2011 joint ACM workshop on Human gesture and behavior understanding, MM '11: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Scottsdale, USA, pp. 77-78.
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Existing landmark retrieval methods cannot provide a comprehensive solution, by which user can view different angles of landmark. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reconstruct and retrieve 3D landmark models by direct 2D to 3D matching. In an offline module, firstly, attention-based 3D reconstruction method is proposed to reconstruct sparse 3D landmark models. Secondly, we construct textured 3D landmark model for each sparse 3D landmark model. Finally, a 3D landmark recognizer is built for each landmark based on the 3D landmark model. In online module, query images are recognized by the 3D landmark recognizers using a 2D to 3D matching approach. For each recognized query image, a 3D landmark model and a 3D landmark texture model are presented as a query result. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Xiaojing Huang & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Wideband AoA Estimation and Beamforming with Hybrid Antenna Array', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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High speed long range millimetre-wave (mm-wave) links can be achieved by using wideband hybrid antenna arrays of sub-arrays. However, conventional wideband angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming algorithms are not applicable to the wideband hybrid arrays due to the array architecture difference. In this paper, an adaptive frequency-domain AoA estimation and beamforming algorithm suitable for practical wideband hybrid array of side-by-side sub-arrays is proposed. Mean square error bounds under simplified array configuration and extreme array imperfection condition are also given. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust with low complexity and fast convergence. © 2011 IEEE.

Xu, KC, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'DoA based positioning employing uniform circular arrays', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 328-332.
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In this paper, a methodology of employing a set of uniform circular arrays to localize the 3D position of a target in sensor networks is presented and the theoretical framework is given. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the method and illustrate the effect of the element pattern on the accuracy of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation and positioning. A weighted least squares method (WLSM) is proposed as a means to increase the robustness of the method. © 2011 IEEE.

Xu, M, Wang, J, Hasan, MA, He, X, Xu, C, Lu, H & Jin, JS 1970, 'Using context saliency for movie shot classification', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 3653-3656.
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Movie shot classification is vital but challenging task due to various movie genres, different movie shooting techniques and much more shot types than other video domain. Variety of shot types are used in movies in order to attract audiences attention and enhance their watching experience. In this paper, we introduce context saliency to measure visual attention distributed in keyframes for movie shot classification. Different from traditional saliency maps, context saliency map is generated by removing redundancy from contrast saliency and incorporating geometry constrains. Context saliency is later combined with color and texture features to generate feature vectors. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify keyframes into pre-defined shot classes. Different from the existing works of either performing in a certain movie genre or classifying movie shot into limited directing semantic classes, the proposed method has three unique features: 1) context saliency significantly improves movie shot classification; 2) our method works for all movie genres; 3) our method deals with the most common types of video shots in movies. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective and efficient for movie shot classification. © 2011 IEEE.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y & Hu, J 1970, 'Cogging torque reduction for radially laminated flux-switching permanent magnet machine with 12/14 poles', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 3590-3595.
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Flux-switching permanent-magnet machine (FSPMM) offers high torque density, impressive flux weakening capability and mechanical ruggedness because of its distinctive configuration, and is potentially suitable for the application in the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). However, the FSPMM compared with other traditional machines commonly used in the PHEV generally exhibits higher cogging torque for its double salient structures of both stator and rotor poles. Furthermore, the back EMF wave including odd harmonics especially 3rd and 5th ones are not ideally sinusoidal that could bring some extra copper loss and decrease its efficiency. Hence, how to minimize the cogging torque so to reduce the torque ripple, and how to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the back EMF wave are important issues in the field of FSPMM. Four rotor topologies in this paper are proposed to suppress the cogging torque and make the back EMF more sinusoidal for an FSPMM with 12/14 (stator/rotor) poles so as to make it more suitable to the brushless AC (BLAC) operation. Plenty of theory analysis and quantitative comparisons are made between different schemes. The validity of the proposed techniques has been confirmed by 2-D models of the finite element algorithm (FEA) executed in commercial software, Ansoft Maxwell 12.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y & Wang, T 1970, 'Electromagnetic design and performance evaluation on 75 kW axially laminated flux switching permanent magnet machine', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE.
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One 75 kW axially laminated flux switching permanent magnet machine (ALFSPMM) with 12/14 (stator/rotor) poles is proposed in this paper. For the stator lamination in parallel with the direction of permanent magnet flux linkage, it can make full use of permanent magnet and reduce relevant flux leakage and iron loss especially in high speed applications. Because of partly serious saturation and nonlinear trait of inductance, optimal electromagnetic design has been done to decrease the cogging torque and part saturation of flux density distributed in the tip or edge of stator tooth and rotor pole. Theoretical investigation on ALFSPMM is confirmed by plentiful simulations mainly based on two-dimensional model analyzed by finite element algorithm on the platform of commercial software Ansoft Maxwell 12. Compared with the traditional flux switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM), ALFSPMM has stronger torque density, greater flux weakening ability, and higher efficiency. It can be regarded as one ideal candidate for the drive system of plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV). © 2011 IEEE.

Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Differential-input piezoresistively-sensed square-extensional mode resonator for parasitic feedthrough cancellation', 2011 16th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, TRANSDUCERS 2011 - 2011 16th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, IEEE.
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Xue, X & Huang, X 1970, 'Block transform OFDM: A robust power and bandwidth efficient system with improved frequency diversity performance', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 205-210.
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Block transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BT-OFDM) - a system sitting in-between two extreme data transmission schemes, i.e., the conventional OFDM system and the single-carrier system, with a balanced system performance is proposed in this paper. Through data symbol grouping and block transformation, the BT-OFDM uses reduced size inverse fast Fourier transform to take the advantages of the single-carrier system to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional OFDM system. Frequency domain representation of the BT-OFDM signal reveals that the block transformation implicitly realizes a precoding or block spreading of the transmitted data symbols. When suitable IFFT size is selected, the BT-OFDM also offers the lowest overall system complexity. © 2011 IEEE.

Yang Du, Lu, DD-C, Cornforth, D & James, G 1970, 'A study on the harmonic issues at CSIRO Microgrid', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2011), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 203-207.
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With increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to the electricity network in Australia, power quality becomes a major concern. There is an increasing interest in Microgrids due to their potential to provide a solution to integrate renewable energy into the wider grid. This paper presents a study on the harmonic issues in a Microgrid. Different experimental scenarios have been carried out to characterize the voltage and current distortions under different operation conditions. Matlab/Simulink simulation and field experimental results have been provided. The results showed that the harmonic current emission can be affected by the output power level of PV inverter. In addition, the current and voltage waveforms distortion at the Point of Common Coupling to the grid is significantly increased when the net power follow through the bus is close to zero. © 2011 IEEE.

Yang, Y & Nanda, P 1970, 'Building Content Distribution Network: A Solution to Achieve QoS on Internet', 2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications (iTAP 2011), IEEE, Wuhan, China, pp. 1-3.
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Content Distribution Network (CDN) involves several technologies, rather than just one technology working alone. CDN is another method to provide Quality of Service (QoS) to different applications and deliver different types of media content to end-users over the Internet. Since it is important to improve Internet performance in recent years, CDN has been an approach providing better Internet services. There are a number of technologies and components included in the CDN, and also several challenges needed to be considered for its performance. This paper presents basic components of CDN and summarizes the challenges and issues analyzing the development of CDNs towards QoS. © 2011 IEEE.

Yang, Y, Cai, Y, Chan, KY, Ramer, R & Guo, YJ 1970, 'MEMS-loaded millimeter wave frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1318-1321.
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A new millimeter-wave frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi antenna is presented. The quasi-Yagi antenna is printed on a quartz substrate integrated with RF MEMS switches. It consists of one driven dipole, two dipole directors, and one truncated ground plane as reflector. By controlling the actuation of the RF MEMS loaded on the driven and director dipole elements, the antenna operation frequency is switchable in the millimeter wave wireless personal area network (WPAN) band (57-66 GHz) and E-band (71-86 GHz). The end-fire pattern of the Yagi-antenna is maintained in both two-bands. Theoretical results show that the antenna gain varies from 5.5 to 6.7 dBi in the lower band and from 6.5 dBi to 8.1 dBi in the higher band respectively. A high resistive biasing line configuration is presented and its effect on the antenna reflection coefficient is investigated. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Yang, Y, Karmakar, N & Zhu, X 1970, 'A portable wireless monitoring system for sleep apnoea diagnosis based on active RFID technology', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, USA, pp. 187-190.
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A novel portable wireless monitoring system for sleep apnoea diagnosis is presented in this paper. The presented system is composed of two main parts. The first is an on-body sensor system; the second is a reader and base station. In order to minimize the physical size of the on-body sensors and to avoid interference with 2.4 GHz wireless applications, the system is designed to operate in the 5.8 GHz ISM band. Each on-body sensor system consists of a physiological signal detection circuit, an analogue-to-digital convertor (ADC), a microcontroller (MCU), a transceiver, a channel selection bandpass filter (BPF) and a narrow band antenna. The reader uses 6 narrow band antennas, 6 channel selection BPFs, a transceiver and a MCU. Instead of dealing with channel selection at baseband, multiple passive BPFs at the RF front-end are adopted to select the desired signals, in order to minimize the power consumption and cost of the overall system. Moreover, a 5.8 GHz circular patch antenna is simulated and measured. Both the simulated return loss of 21 dB and the measured one of 26 dB have a 10 dB bandwidth of 140 MHz which satisfies the requirements for the reader system. The measured antenna gain from 5.725 GHz to 5.875 GHz is more than 7.5 dBi. Furthermore, the 3 dB beam-width is about 60° and the front to back ratio is 14 dB. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Yang, Y, Roy, SM, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 1970, 'A novel high selectivity bandpass filter for wireless monitoring of sleep apnoea patients', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1590-1593.
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In this paper, a novel high selectivity compact dual planar microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with compact ring resonator and two uniquely designed defected ground structures (DGSs) is proposed. By employing the inter-digital and spiral DGSs, the filter selectivity can be significantly enhanced with a wide suppression of higher order harmonics. The filter has a selectivity of 220 dB/GHz, passband insertion loss (IL) of 1.55 dB and bandwidth of 61 MHz at 2.53 GHz. Moreover, the proposed compact ring resonator saves 70.5% area compared to a conventional ring resonator. The significance of this BPF to be applied in wireless telemetry monitoring systems has been introduced in this paper. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 1970, 'Design of a novel microstrip lowpass filter for UWB chipless RFID readers', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 98-101.
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UWB chipless RFID receivers require compact and low cost integration solutions aiming at improving the signal integrity. A wide stopband, high selectivity and compact microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) is therefore needed. A combination of compact microstrip resonant cells (CMRCs) and uniquely shaped defect ground structures (DGS) are used in present LPF design to optimize the filter performances. The stopband with an attenuation level lower than 20 dB is obtained from 3.1 GHz up to 20 GHz. Both simulated and measured results are presented, showing a good agreement between simulation and measurement. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Yi Lei, Zhao, Z, Xu, W & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Modeling and analysis of MW-level grid-connected PV plant', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 890-895.
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This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of the basic composition, characteristic and the interactions with grid for megawatt (MW)-level large scale grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) plants. For a MW-level PV plant, numbers of inverters with relatively smaller capacity are employed to operated in parallel. When the irradiance on the large area of PV array is not equal, the output power verses the voltage of the PV array will have several peak values and affect the maximal power tracking. LCL filters are adopted for filtering the harmonics generated by inverters, but due to its inherent resonance character, additional damping strategy is required. The power quantity of harmonics and voltage fluctuation may occur when one MW-level PV plant is connected to grid. For these characteristics, with the modeling and simulation of a real MW-level PV plant, this paper proposed and verified a novel method toward MPPT of large area PV arrays. The parallel running of inverters and grid voltage fluctuation are also simulated. Finally, the interaction with the grid voltage fluctuation is explored in detail.

Yiwei Yu, Dutkiewicz, E, Xiaojing Huang & Mueck, M 1970, 'Inter-Cell Interference Coordination for Type I Relay Networks in LTE Systems', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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The decode-and-forward relay technique has been introduced in next generation wireless networks (such as LTE) to extend coverage and improve performance, although it may generate additional inter-cell interference. Soft frequency reuse (SFR) has been proposed as the most promising frequency planning strategy to mitigate inter-cell interference in LTE systems. In this paper we propose an effective combination of relay networks and SFR, with a dedicated relay topology and the SFR-based resource allocation scheme. In the proposed relay network, each relay station (RS) can jointly serve cell-edge users from adjacent cells to increase efficiency. The proposed resource allocation scheme, on the other hand, is able to achieve throughput improvement for both cell-edge users and cell-center users by minimizing the interference impact in the system. The benefit of relay networks with SFR-based resource allocation in terms of 30% overall performance improvement over conventional non-relay networks can be realized as demonstrated by the simulation results. © 2011 IEEE.

Yong Cai, Guo, YJ & Peiyuan Qin 1970, 'Frequency switchable quasi-Yagi dipole array for base station antennas', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Spokane, WA, USA, pp. 738-741.
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A frequency agile quasi-Yagi dipole sub-array is proposed as an array element for base station antennas. The sub-array consists of four printed Yagi dipole antennas loaded with PIN diodes. The lengths of the director and driven dipole elements can be changed by controlling the PIN diodes states so that the sub-array can operate in either 2.5 or 3.5GHz band. Simulation results show that by using a broadband microstrip-to-coplanar stripline (CPS) feeding structure, the sub-array is well matched with impedance bandwidth (|S11| ≤ 10dB) of 6.5% and 10.5% in the lower and higher bands, respectively. The end-fire fan-beam pattern is obtained across the dual bands, which makes the antenna element suitable for base station applications that require frequency reconfigurability. Predicted gains are 9.4 and 12dBi at 2.5 and 3.5GHz, respectively.

Yongchang Zhang & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Direct torque control of cascaded brushless doubly fed induction generator for wind energy applications', 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), Drives Conference (IEMDC), IEEE, pp. 741-746.
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This paper proposes a novel configuration for wind energy applications by using a cascaded brushless doubly fed induction generator (CBDFIG) controlled by direct torque control (DTC), which eliminates the slip rings and brushes associated with the conventional DFIG and features quick response. Due to the increased complexity of CBDFIG model, prior vector control for CBDFIG is complicated and relies much on the machine parameters and controller tuning. Furthermore, so far the literature regarding CBDFIG did not address the issue of grid synchronization, which is important for reducing the impacts on both grid and CBDFIG and useful for re-closing after fault is cleared. This paper investigates the analysis and design of DTC of CBDFIG for both grid synchronization and grid connected operations without changing the switching table. The influence of additional rotor circuit is investigated and it is found that this influence is small and can be neglected. The DTC developed in this paper is very simple and achieves excellent dynamic response and steady state performance. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the developed DTC for CBDFIG. © 2011 IEEE.

Yoshizawa, S, Nakagawa, D, Miyazaki, N, Kaji, T & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'LSI development of 8&#x00D7;8 single-user MIMO-OFDM for IEEE 802.11ac WLANs', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Yoshizawa, S, Orikasa, A & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'An area and power efficient pipeline FFT processor for 8&#x00D7;8 MIMO-OFDM systems', 2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE.
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Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'Interference coordination and performance enhancement for shared relay networks in LTE-Advanced systems', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 384-389.
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In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive resource allocation scheme to achieve inter-cell interference coordination and performance enhancement for the shared relay network in LTE-Advanced systems. In the scheme, the allocation process is implemented by two steps. The global frequency planning strategies are first employed to realize the interference coordination in the multi-cell environment. Then dedicated local scheduling algorithms are applied to provide further performance enhancement for cell-edge users. As shown in the simulation results, our proposed scheme can achieve the significant performance improvement for cell-edge users while maintaining the high performance for cell-center users, and thus obtain the better performance balance in the system. © 2011 IEEE.

Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'Load Distribution Aware Soft Frequency Reuse for Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation and Throughput Maximization in LTE Networks', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan.
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This paper proposes a novel load distribution aware soft frequency reuse (LDA-SFR) scheme for inter-cell interference mitigation and performance optimization in next generation wireless networks. Our proposed scheme aims to provide a solution to effectively achieve inter-cell interference mitigation while maintaining high spectrum efficiency to all users in the cell. The proposed scheme consists of two novel algorithms: edge bandwidth reuse and centre bandwidth compensation. Using the edge bandwidth reuse algorithm, cell-edge users can take advantage of uneven traffic load and user distributions within each cell to expand their resource allocations. The center bandwidth compensation algorithm, on the other hand, provides a protection mechanism for cell-center users to avoid exhaustive edge bandwidth extension. Applying LDA-SFR to an LTE network and comparing its performance against that of existing soft frequency reuse (SFR) and adaptive soft frequency reuse (ASFR) schemes indicates that LDA-SFR is superior as it achieves fairness between cell-edge users and cell-center users in terms of average throughput improvement. © 2011 IEEE.

Yue Dong Zhan, You Guang Guo & Jian Guo Zhu 1970, 'Intelligent coordination steering control of automated guided vehicle', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 204-207.
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In this paper, based on the neural network, fuzzy control and bang-bang control, an intelligent coordination control strategy for automated guided vehicle (AGV) steering system is presented. The dynamic steering model of distance error and orientation angle error for AGV is expressed. With least square method of system identification, the model of AGV is identified. Because a toy type of AGV is employed, its structure is simple, but AGV model parameters are variable according to the operating conditions and environment. In order to improve the dynamic performances of AGV, the intelligent coordinated control strategy is used to design the AGV controller in the AGV steering control system. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Yue Dong Zhan, You Guang Guo & Jian Guo Zhu 1970, 'Terminal sliding mode speed controller based on vector control for brushless doubly fed machine', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 200-203.
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In this paper, based on the principle of rotor field oriented vector control (VC), a terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) for brushless doubly fed machine (BDFM) adjustable speed system is presented. Because of using the fast terminal sliding mode control, the proposed controller for BDFM eliminates the average chattering encountered by most TSMC schemes, and employs the robustness and excellent dynamic performances of TSMC. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is of the feasibility, correctness and effectiveness.

Yun Hong Zhang, Wei Xu, Xian Yong Xiao, Ceng Bi Zeng & Jian Guo Zhu 1970, 'Speed adjustment of permanent magnet synchronous machine based on fuzzy self-adapting PI controller', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, pp. 169-174.
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This paper presents a fuzzy self-adapting PI controller in the current loop to modify the speed response of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) based on the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique. By the SVPWM modification, it can improve the utilization of DC voltage and reduce the torque ripple. Meanwhile, the fuzzy self-adapting PI controller can correct the parameters of PI automatically and adaptively when outer parameters are changed. Simulations indicate that the fuzzy self-adapting PI controller has better dynamic performances and greater robustness than that traditional PI controller. © 2011 IEEE.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW & Moulton, B 1970, 'Fall detection using a Gaussian distribution of clustered knowledge, augmented radial basis neural-network, and multilayer perceptron', 7th International Conference on Broadband Communications and Biomedical Applications, 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 145-150.
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The rapidly increasing population of elderly people has posed a big challenge to research in fall prevention and detection. Substantial amounts of injuries, disabilities, traumas and deaths among elderly people due to falls have been reported worldwide. There is therefore a need for a reliable, simple, and affordable automatic fall detection system. This paper proposes a reliable fall detection algorithm using minimal information from a single waist worn wireless tri-axial accelerometer. The method proposed is to approach fall detection using digital signal processing and neural networks. This method includes the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization (RegPSO), a proposed method called Gaussian Distribution of Clustered Knowledge (GCK), and an Ensemble of Classifiers using two different classifiers: Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) and Augmented Radial Basis Neural Networks (ARBF). The proposed method has been tested on 8 healthy individuals in a home environment and yields promising result of up to 100% sensitivity on ingroup, 97.65% sensitivity on outgroup, and 99.56% specificity on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) data.

Yuxin, Z & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'An improved dynamic time warping algorithm employing nonlinear median filtering', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 439-442.
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This paper proposes an improved dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm with a nonlinear median filtering (NMF). Recognition accuracy of conventional DTW algorithms are less than the hidden Markov model (HMM) by same voice activity detection (VAD) and noise-reduction with running spectrum filtering (RSF) and dynamic range adjustment (DRA). For analyzing some incorrect results, unlike in conventional DTW, we do not use the minimum distance to recognize. we employ NMF and seek the median distance of the every reference word with the unknown speech waveform. All recognition accuracy of conventional DTW algorithms are improved much more by NMF. The recognition accuracy of Itakura's DTW algorithm is the best. Its recognition accuracy similar to that of the HMM approach in 10 dB and 20 dB white noise. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhan, YD, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Intelligent comprehensive control to prevent performance degradation of PEM fuel cell', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 196-199.
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To prevent the performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this paper conducts research in intelligent comprehensive control of the operational parameters, such as the operating temperature, pressure, mass flows of hydrogen and air for the PEMFC stack, current density, the exhaust emission quantity of reactant gas, and humidity of the hydrogen and air/oxygen. An analysis is presented about the factors which affect the performance of PEMFC stack, including the influences of the leakage loss, and internal structures of the stack. An intelligent comprehensive control strategy is proposed and applied to a 300 W PEMFC system for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with backup PEMFC and battery power sources. The experimental results show that the performances of PEMFC have been improved comparing with the normal performance using the conventional PI control, and performance degradation can be prevented effectively.

Zhang, G 1970, 'On the Rate Region of the Vector Gaussian One-Helper Distributed Source-Coding Problem', 2011 Data Compression Conference, 2011 Data Compression Conference (DCC), IEEE, Snowbird, UT, USA, pp. 263-272.
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In this paper we consider the rate region of the vector Gaussian one-helper distributed source coding problem. In particular, we derive optimality conditions under which a weighted sum rate is minimum by using a contradiction-based argument. When the sources are specified to be scalar, the optimality conditions can always be constructed for any weighted sum rate. In the derivation of the optimality conditions, we introduce a new concept of "source enhancement", which can be viewed as a dual to the well known "channel enhancement" technique. In particular, source enhancement refers to the operation of increasing the covariance matrix of a Gaussian source in a partial ordering sense. This new technique makes the derivation of the optimality conditions straightforward.

Zhang, G & Kleijn, WB 1970, 'Bounding the Rate Region of the Two-Terminal Vector Gaussian CEO Problem', 2011 Data Compression Conference, 2011 Data Compression Conference (DCC), IEEE, pp. 488-488.
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Zhang, J, Hanlen, LW, Wang, AY & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Superframe-level time-hopping system with variable contention access period for wireless body area communications', 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2011), IEEE, Toronto, Canada, pp. 2178-2182.
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Coexistence of multiple wireless body area networks (WBAN) is a very challenging problem because piconets move frequently and each piconet can have hundreds of sensors. The IEEE 802.15.6 task group is developing a standard based on superframe-level frequency-hopping scheme, which is a good solution to the piconet coexistence problem without requiring coordination between piconets. However, its spectrum efficiency is very low when only a single piconet is operating. In this paper we propose a superframe-level time-hopping scheme with variable contention access period. Compared to the frequency-hopping scheme, the proposed scheme has similar interference mitigation capability, but can achieve significant improvement in energy consumption, latency and spectrum efficiency. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhang, J, Huang, M & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Detecting DDoS Attack in Spam Emails using Density-Weight Model', Volume II, Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Theory and Information Security, IEEE International Conference on Information Theory and Information Security, IEEE Press, Hangzhou, China, pp. 344-352.
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DDoS attacks whose are embedded in spam emails are increasingly becoming numerous and sophisticated in nature. Hence this has given a growing need for spam email analysis to identify these attacks. The uses of these intrusion detection systems have given rise to two new challenges, 1) how to incrase the accuracy of detection, 2) how to present large spam email networks for better understanding. In this paper we introduce a new analytical model that uses two coefficient vectors: 'density' and 'weight' to measure the network density and system workload for the analysis of DDoS attack of spam emails. We then use a visual clustering method to classify and display the spam emails for better understanding of the spam email network. The experiment shows that the proposed new model can increase the accuracy of the detection of DDoS attacks.

Zhang, L & Veitch, D 1970, 'Learning Entropy', NETWORKING 2011 Part I, International IFIP-TC Networking Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Valencia, Spain, pp. 15-27.
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Entropy has been widely used for anomaly detection in various disciplines. One such is in network attack detection, where its role is to detect significant changes in underlying distribution shape due to anomalous behaviour such as attacks. In this paper, we point out that entropy has significant blind spots, which can be made use by adversaries to evade detection. To illustrate the potential pitfalls, we give an in-principle analysis of network attack detection, in which we design a camouflage technique and show analytically that it can perfectly mask attacks from entropy based detector with low costs in terms of the volume of traffic brought in for camouflage. Finally, we illustrate and apply our technique to both synthetic distributions and ones taken from real traffic traces, and show how attacks undermine the detector.

Zhang, L, Veitch, D & Ramamohanarao, K 1970, 'The role of KL divergence in anomaly detection', Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems, SIGMETRICS '11: ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, ACM, USA, pp. 123-124.
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We study the role of Kullback-Leibler divergence in the framework of anomaly detection, where its abilities as a statistic underlying detection have never been investigated in depth. We give an in-principle analysis of network attack detection, showing explicitly attacks may be masked at minimal cost through 'camouflage'. We illustrate on both synthetic distributions and ones taken from real traffic.

Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Hu, J, Xu, W & Zhu, J 1970, 'A cascaded brushless doubly fed induction generator for wind energy applications based on direct power control', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China.
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This paper proposes a direct power control (DPC) strategy for cascaded brushless doubly fed induction generator (CBDFIG), which eliminates the slip rings and brushes in conventional DFIG wind turbine systems and features quick dynamic response and excellent steady state performance. Prior methods for controlling CBDFIG are based on vector control (VC), which is complicated and requires much tuning work and machine parameters. Appropriate decoupling and fine PI tuning are mandatory to obtain good performance over the entire operating range. Furthermore, there are few papers regarding the grid synchronization issue of CBDFIG. This paper firstly analyzes the influence of each voltage vector on active/reactive powers and then proposes a unified switching table for both grid-connected operation and grid synchronization process. The effectiveness of the developed DPC method for CBDFIG is confirmed by the presented simulation results. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Wang, T, Hu, J & Zhu, J 1970, 'Predictive direct torque and flux control of doubly fed induction generator with switching frequency reduction for wind energy applications', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China.
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A model based predictive torque and flux control (PTFC) is proposed in this paper for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) applied in wind energy applications. Different from the conventional switching-table-based direct torque control (DTC), which selects the output vector from a switching table, the developed PTFC selects the most suitable vector minimizing the errors of rotor flux and torque based on predictions of their evolutions versus time. Compared to DTC with the same sampling frequency, there are significant reductions in both torque and flux ripples for PTFC with lower switching frequency, while their dynamic performances are similar. Furthermore, by incorporating the frequency reduction in PTFC, the average switching frequency can be reduced up to 38.76% without affecting its performance. The results of PTFC operating at a very low switching frequency of below 550 Hz are presented, validating the capability of PTFC to satisfy the low switching frequency requirement of high power wind energy applications. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PTFC. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Wang, T, Xu, W & Zhu, J 1970, 'Evaluation of a class of improved DTC method applied in DFIG for wind energy applications', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China.
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Large torque ripple and variable switching frequency are the two most notable drawbacks of conventional switching table based direct torque control (DTC) for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). By using one active vector and one null vector during one control cycle, the torque ripple can be significantly reduced while achieving almost constant switching frequency. This paper propose a very simple but effective method to obtain the duty ratio of the active vector, which is able to reduce the complexity and improve the system robustness while reducing both torque and flux ripples. Furthermore, this paper points that by appropriately arranging the sequence of active vector and null vector, the switching frequency can be further reduced and the performance is only slightly affected. This fact is useful for high power wind energy applications with restricted switching frequency. The developed method is compared with one of the prior analytical methods based on torque ripple RMS minimization and exhibits lower rotor flux ripple and better harmonic performance of stator and rotor currents. The presented simulation results obtained from a 15 kW DFIG validates its effectiveness. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Xu, W, Hu, J & Zhu, J 1970, 'Grid synchronization of DFIG using model predictive direct power control', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China.
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This paper presents a model based predictive direct power control (MPDPC) strategy to achieve soft and fast grid synchronization of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) applied in wind energy applications. The future behavior of active and reactive powers is predicted in MPDPC using the discrete model of DFIG and the most appropriate voltage vector is selected to minimize the errors between the reference value and feedback value of active/reactive powers. Furthermore, the PI regulator and current loop in the existing methods are eliminated, featuring low complexity. The grid connection process is very quick and smooth without any overcurrent. The developed novel MPDPC is compared with prior method based on switching-table-based DPC (STDPC) and shows quicker response, better steady state performance and lower switching frequency, which are validated by the simulation results obtained from a 15 kW DFIG system. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J & Hu, J 1970, 'Model predictive direct torque control for grid synchronization of doubly fed induction generator', 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), Drives Conference (IEMDC), IEEE, pp. 765-770.
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A novel model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) is proposed in this paper to achieve soft and fast grid synchronization for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). This method is based on the direct control of a virtual torque and the rotor flux, which selects the optimal rotor voltage vector through an evaluation of a cost function. Neither PI regulator nor grid voltage measurement is needed for the MPDTC and only the information of grid voltage, rotor current and rotor position are necessary. The influence of one-step delay caused by digital implementation is also investigated in this paper. The MPDTC is compared with the switching-table-based direct torque control (STDTC) and exhibits better performance in terms of lower ripples in torque and flux, less rotor current harmonics and lower switching frequency. The presented simulation results verify the effectiveness of the novel method. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhao, W, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'Novel current control of grid-connected boost-inverter with zero steady-state error', 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2011 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2011, IEEE, Fort Worth, TX, USA, pp. 1267-1272.
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This paper proposes a current control strategy with zero steady-state tracking error for grid-connected boost-inverters. Two boost converters are controlled separately to achieve both output current tracking and balanced output voltages. Based on cascading control and feedback linearization, the inner and outer-loop controllers are derived combining the inversion of boost converter model and the output error compensation. After the boost converter model is linearized, a proportional-and-resonant controller is derived from the internal model principle to achieve zero tracking error. Experimental results confirm that the proposed control achieves good current tracking to meet stringent grid-connection harmonics standards. © 2011 IEEE.

Zheng, C, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Vesilo, R, Fang, G & Zhou, Z 1970, 'Opportunistic routing in multi-channel cognitive radio networks', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 532-537.
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Cognitive radio (CR) is an exciting technology to improve spectrum utilization. However, spectrum availability can change very fast due to primary user's activity, which makes most of existing CR routing protocols fail to work because they are designed for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with slow variation of spectrum availability. Opportunistic routing is a promising routing paradigm for CRNs with fast variation of spectrum availability. We propose a multi-channel spectrum aware opportunistic routing (MSAOR) algorithm based on link delay analysis. By introducing channel access probability to characterize the opportunistic CR link, access delay is integrated into queuing delay. Our analysis shows that our algorithm achieves a lower link delay than the existing routing algorithm SAOR (spectrum aware opportunistic routing). Our simulation results also show that our MSAOR algorithm can reduce end-to-end delay by up to 50%, can increase the supported offered load by up to 190% and is more robust than SAOR. © 2011 IEEE.

Zheng, C, Liu, RP, Yang, X, Collings, IB, Zhou, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Maximum Flow-Segment Based Channel Assignment and Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2011 IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2011-Spring), IEEE, Yokohama, Japan.
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In multi-hop cognitive radio networks (CRNs), there can be dramatic increase in end-to-end delay when a traffic flow switches between a number of channels along its path. We propose a new Maximum Flow-Segment (MFS) based scheme to channel assignment in CRN by minimizing the number of times the channel is switched along a flow. Our MFS based scheme has been efficiently integrated into the AODV on-demand routing protocol. We demonstrate that our MFS based scheme reduces the number of channel switches for the traffic flows and reduces the end-to-end delay by 50%. Our scheme also minimizes the routing overhead, and achieves a higher and more stable throughput than the link based approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Simulating Nonlinearity in MEMS Resonators by a Charge Controlled Capacitor', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 403-406.
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Baccelli, F & Veitch, D 2011, 'Convexity of Workload Autocorrelation in a Stationary Single Server Queue with Independent Increment Input'.

Pham, TT 2011, 'A REAL-TIME NEURAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR DRAGONFLIES'.

Zhang, G, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 2011, 'Optimal Index Assignment for Multiple Description Scalar Quantization'.
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We provide a method for designing an optimal index assignment for scalarK-description coding. The method stems from a construction of translated scalarlattices, which provides a performance advantage by exploiting a so-calledstaggered gain. Interestingly, generation of the optimal index assignment isbased on a lattice in K-1 dimensional space. The use of the K-1 dimensionallattice facilitates analytic insight into the performance and eliminates theneed for a greedy optimization of the index assignment. It is shown that thatthe optimal index assignment is not unique. This is illustrated for thetwo-description case, where a periodic index assignment is selected frompossible optimal assignments and described in detail. The new index assignmentis applied to design of a K-description quantizer, which is found to outperforma reference K-description quantizer at high rates. The performance advantagedue to the staggered gain increases with increasing redundancy among thedescriptions.