Publications

Chen, W, Su, SW, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y, Nguyen, N, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Nonlinear Modeling Using Support Vector Machine for Heart Rate Response to Exercise' in Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 255-270.
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In order to accurately regulate cardiovascular response to exercise for an individual exerciser, this study proposed a control oriented modeling approach to depict nonlinear behavior of heart rate response at both the onset and offset of treadmill exercise. With the aim of capturing nonlinear dynamic behaviors, a well designed exercise protocol has been applied for a healthy male subject. Non-invasively measured variables, such as ECG,, body movements and oxygen saturation (SpO2), have been reliably monitored and recorded. Based on several sets of experimental data, both steady state gain and time constant of heart rate response are identified. The nonlinear models relating to steady state gain and time constant (vs. walking speed) were built up based on support vector machine regression (SVR). The nonlinear behaviors at both onset and offset of exercise have been well described by using the established SVR models. The model provides the fundamentals for the optimization of exercise efforts by using model-based optimal control approaches, which is the following step of this study.

Dehestani, D, Guo, Y, Ling, SH, Su, SW & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Intelligent Fault Detection and Isolation of HVAC System Based on Online Support Vector Machine' in Lam, HK, Ling, SW & Nguyen, H (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 287-304.
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Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are often one of the largest energy consuming parts in modern buildings. Two focused issues of HVAC systems are energy saving and its safety. Regular checking and maintenance are usually the keys to tackle these problems. Due to the high cost of maintenance, preventive maintenance plays an important role. One cost-effective strategy is the development of analytic fault detection and isolation (FDI) modules by online monitoring of the key variables of HVAC systems. This chapter investigates real-time FDI for HVAC systems by using online support vector machine (SVM), by which we are able to train an FDI system with manageable complexity under real-time working conditions. It also proposes a new approach which allows us to detect unknown faults and update the classifier by using these previously unknown faults. Based on the proposed approach, a semi-unsupervised fault detection methodology has been developed for HVAC systems. This chapter also identifies the variables which are the indications of the particular faults we are interested in. Simulation studies are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed online FDI approach.

Evans, R, Li, L, Mareels, I, Okello, N, Pham, M, Qiu, W & Saleem, SK 2012, 'Real-Time Optimal Control of River Basin Networks' in Wang, L & Garnier, H (eds), System Identification, Environmental Modelling, and Control System Design, Springer London, London, pp. 403-421.
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River basins are key components of water supply grids. However, unlike energy grids which are operated in closed-loop [16, 28], river basins are largely open-loop systems. One reason is the difficulty associated with the development of suitable models. Traditionally, river basin modeling efforts have focused on process-based methodologies that are potentially very accurate but not amenable to the design of feedback controllers. For control purposes river basin operators often rely on simulation-optimization and/or rule-based approaches. This method may work well for long-term planning intervals (e.g. months) but is impractical for real-term operations (e.g. hours).

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Mahmud, MA 2012, 'Decentralized STATCOM/ESS Control for Wind Generators' in Smart Power Grids 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 401-437.
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Wind energy has emerged as the fastest growing source of renewable energy and is expected to see continued strong growth in the immediate future. Wind power generation is required to provide a certain reliability of supply and a certain level of stability. Motivated by the above issues, many grid operators have started to introduce new grid-codes which treat wind power generation in a special manner. Most interconnection standards today require wind farms to have the ability to withstand severe faults, usually called the fault ride-through (FRT) capability or, in some cases, the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. The design and implementation of a new control scheme for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and transient stability enhancement for wind turbines equipped with fixed-speed induction generators in large interconnected power systems is presented in this chapter. The low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) capability is provided by extending range of the operation of the controlled system to include typical post-fault conditions. A systematic procedure is proposed to design decentralized multi-variable controllers for large interconnected power systems using minimax output-feedback control design method and the controller design procedure is formulated as an optimization problem involving rankconstrained linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In this chapter it is shown that STATCOM with energy storage system (STATCOM/ESS), controlled via robust control technique, is an effective device for improving the LVRT capability of fixed-speed wind turbines. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Kale, A, Chaczko, Z & Rudas, I 2012, 'Parallel Robot Vision Using Genetic Algorithm and Object Centroid' in Moreno Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 170-178.
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Parallel Robots are playing a very important role in the medical, automotive, food and many manufacturing applications. Due to its high speed and efficient operation, it is gaining an increasing popularity in these application domains. For making the parallel robots more automated and an intelligent a machine vision system with robust performance is needed. Here, a Machine Vision Algorithm based on Genetic Evolutionary principles for object detection in the Delta Parallel Robot based systems is proposed. The solution applies a simple, robust and high speed algorithm to accurately detect objects for the application domain. The Image Acquisition of a robotâs workspace is performed by using a camera mounted on the end-effector of the robot. The system is trained with the object database and with the most significant visual features of every class of objects. Images are assessed periodically for detecting the Region of Interest (ROI) within an image of the robotâs workspace. The ROI is defined as an area in which a presence of object features is detected. The ROI detection is achieved by applying a random sampling of pixels and an assessment of color threshold of every pixel. The color intensity is assumed as one of the features for classification that is based on the training data. After classification process, the Genetic Algorithm is applied to locate the centroid of an object in every class. In a given application class, the Centroid is considered as the most important feature. Knowledge of an approximate location of the Centroid of objects helps to maintain a high speed and reliable pick and place operations of the Delta robot system. The proposed algorithm is tested by detecting presence of electronic components in the workspace. Experimental results show that the suggested approach offers a reliable solution for the Delta robot system.

Kong, X, Liu, L & Ryu, H-G 2012, 'Activity-Artifact Flow of GPS/INS Integration for Positioning Error De-Correlation' in Elbahhar, FB & Rivenq, A (eds), New Approach of Indoor and Outdoor Localization Systems, InTech, Rijeka, Crotia, pp. 193-212.
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Vehicle positioning systems are composed of positioning sensors and positioning algorithms. Positioning sensors provide direct or indirect position, velocity, attitude and timing information. Positioning algorithms transfer sensor direct readings to desired positioning information. Positioning sensors are classified into absolute sensors and dead reckoning sensors (Sukkarieh, 2000). Absolute sensors directly provide the relationships between vehicle position and external positioning references. Dead reckoning sensors measure the vehicles position and orientation increment to its last moment without external references. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a widely used absolute positioning system using external satellite references. Inertial Navigation System (INS) is an example of dead reckoning positioning system. INS uses inertial measurement unit (IMU) to measure the self-contained position changing rate, then computes the desired positioning information. INS has been employed in navigation for rockets, missiles, aircrafts, land vehicles, ocean vessels and robots

Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'FRONT MATTER', IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, pp. i-x.
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Ling, SH, San, PP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Hypoglycemia Detection for Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Evolved Fuzzy Inference System Approach' in Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 61-85.
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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is classified as Type 1 diabetes and it can be further classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic. Hypoglycemia is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes. In this chapter, we measure physiological parameters continuously to provide a non-invasive hypoglycemia detection for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the physiological parameters of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, such as heart rate, corrected QT interval, change of heart rate and change of corrected QT interval, an evolved fuzzy inference model is developed for classification of hypoglycemia. To optimize the rules and membership functions of the fuzzy system, a hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM) is introduced. For the clinical study, 15 children with Type 1 diabetes are volunteered overnight. All the real data sets are collected from the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia and are randomly organized into a training set (10 patients) and testing set (5 patients). The results show that the evolved fuzzy inference system approach performs well in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2012, 'Worst Case Voltage Variation on Microgrid' in Smart Power Grids 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 305-318.
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Integration of different types of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution network has significant effects on voltage profile for both customers and distribution network service providers (DNSPs). This impact may manifest itself positively or negatively, depending on the voltage variation and the amount of DERs that can be connected to the distribution networks. This chapter presents a way to estimate the voltage variation and the amount of the DERs in a microgrid. To do this, a voltage rise formula is derived with some approximation and the validation of this formula is checked by comparing with the existing power {pipe}systems simulation software. Using the voltage variation formula, the worst case scenario of microgrid is used to estimate the amount of voltage variation and maximum permissible DERs. The relationship between voltage level, voltage rise, and connection cost of DERs in a microgrid is also described in this chapter. Finally, based on the worst case scenario of microgrid; some recommendations are given to counteract the voltage rise effect. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Decentralised Model Predictive Control of Time-Varying Splitting Parallel Systems' in Control of Linear Parameter Varying Systems with Applications, Springer US, pp. 217-251.
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Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Decentralised model predictive control of time-varying splitting parallel systems' in Mohammadpour, J & Scherer, CW (eds), Control of Linear Parameter Varying Systems with Applications, Springer, Boston, pp. 217-251.
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This chapter is devoted to the development of a decentralised model predictive control (MPC) strategy for splitting parallel systems that have time-varying and unknown splitting ratios. The large-scale system in consideration consists of several dynamically-coupled modular subsystems. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated multivariable controller employing the open-loop MPC algorithms in conjunction with stability constraints. The connection topology of the large-scale systems includes serial, parallel and recirculated configurations. The solution to splitting parallel systems in this chapter is not only an alternative to the hybrid approach for duty-standby modes, but also a novel approach that accommodates the concurrent operations of splitting parallel systems. The effectiveness of this approach rests on the newly introduced asymptotically positive real constraint (APRC) which prescribes an approaching characteristic towards a positive real property of the system under control. The asymptotic attribute of APRC smooths out all significant wind-up actions in the control trajectories. The APRCs are developed into a one-time-step quadratic constraint on the local control vectors, which plays the role of a stability constraint for the decentralised MPC. The recursive feasibility is assured by characterizing the APRC with dynamic multiplier matrices. Numerical simulations for two typical modular systems in an alumina refinery are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

Zeng, C, Jia, W, He, X & Xu, M 2012, 'Recent advances on graph-based image segmentation techniques' in Bai, X, Cheng, J & Hancock, E (eds), Graph-Based Methods in Computer Vision: Developments and Applications, IGI Global, Hershey, Pennsylvania (USA), pp. 140-154.
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Image segmentation techniques using graph theory has become a thriving research area in computer vision community in recent years. This chapter mainly focuses on the most up-to-date research achievements in graph-based image segmentation published in top journals and conferences in computer vision community. The representative graph-based image segmentation methods included in this chapter are classified into six categories: minimum-cut/maximum-flow model (called graph-cut in some literatures), random walk model, minimum spanning tree model, normalized cut model and isoperimetric graph partitioning. The basic rationales of these models are presented, and the image segmentation methods based on these graph-based models are discussed as the main concern of this chapter. Several performance evaluation methods for image segmentation are given. Some public databases for testing image segmentation algorithms are introduced and the future work on graph-based image segmentation is discussed at the end of this chapter. © 2013, IGI Global.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kumar, A & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Ultra low bending loss equiangular spiral photonic crystal fibers in the terahertz regime', AIP Advances, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 022140-022140.
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An Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fiber (ES-PCF) design in Topas® for use in the Terahertz regime is presented. The design shows ultra low bending loss and very low confinement loss compared to conventional Hexagonal PCF (H-PCF). The ES-PCF has excellent modal confinement properties, together with several parameters to allow the optimization of the performance over a range of important characteristics. A full vector Finite Element simulation has been used to characterize the design which can be fabricated by a range of techniques including extrusion and drilling.

Athab, HS, Lu, DD-C & Ramar, K 2012, 'A Single-Switch AC/DC Flyback Converter Using a CCM/DCM Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction Front-End', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1517-1526.
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This paper discusses the major issues that exist in the single-stage ac/dc converters with power factor correction (PFC) and presents a novel converter based on a quasi-active PFC scheme. Two additional windings wound in the transformer of a conventional dc/dc flyback converter are used to drive and achieve continuous current mode operation of an input inductor. In addition, direct energy transfer paths are provided through the additional windings to improve the conversion efficiency and to reduce the dc bus capacitor voltage below 450 V for universal line applications. The proposed converter can be easily designed to comply with IEC 61000-3-2 Class D requirement and to achieve fast output voltage regulation. By properly tuning the converter parameters, a good tradeoff between efficiency, dc bus capacitor voltage stress, and harmonic content can be achieved. Operating principles, analysis, and experimental results of the proposed method are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 2012, 'Multi-layer security analysis and experimentation of high speed protocol data transfer for GRID', International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing, vol. 3, no. 2/3, pp. 81-81.
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GRID computing infrastructures and applications coordinate uncontrolled and decentralised resources; using new fast data transfer protocols deliver and provide high data transmission that can meet high performance computing requirements of users, institutions, and industries. For such environments standard transport protocols such as TCP and UDP are not always sufficient given their fixed set of properties and limited flexibility. Today, TCP protocol variants have demonstrated better performance in either GRID simulations or WAN and in some limited network experiments. However, practical use in real applications of these protocols is still very limited because of the implementation and installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transfer bulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application level solutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered in the application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based Data Transport Protocol).UDT is considered one of the most recently developed new transport protocols with congestion control algorithms. It was developed to support next generation high-speed networks, GRID, and including wide area optical networks. We surveyed and conducted experiments on existing mechanisms to determine their viability to secure UDT. The results of the experiments provide important dimensions to our aim of developing a comprehensive security architecture for UDT in the future.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Bird, TS 2012, 'A Frequency Reconfigurable Printed Yagi-Uda Dipole Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2905-2912.
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A frequency reconfigurable printed Yagi-Uda antenna is presented for cognitive radio applications. A 46% continuous frequency tuning bandwidth is obtained by loading the driver dipole arms and four directors with varactor diodes. This configuration allows a high-gain and an almost constant end-fire pattern to be maintained while the antenna operating frequency is tuned. A parametric study was undertaken considering the inter-director spacing, director length tapering, and reflector geometry. It was found possible over the band that the front-to-back ratio is > 16 dB, the sidelobe level is < -14 dB and the cross polarization levels in the principal planes are < - 15.5 dB. From 1-dB compression point measurements, the maximum input power of the antenna with the present diodes is limited to 17.6 dBm at 700 MHz. This suggests that reconfigurable antennas which use active components should have an IIP3 specification placed on them. The frequency selective feature of the antenna makes it as an attractive user terminal antenna for fixed point-to-multipoint cognitive radio enabled broadband wireless access. © 2012 IEEE.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Qin, P-Y 2012, 'Frequency Switchable Printed Yagi-Uda Dipole Sub-Array for Base Station Antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1639-1642.
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A frequency switchable printed Yagi-Uda dipole sub-array is proposed as an array element for base station antennas. The sub-array consists of four Yagi-Uda dipole elements loaded with PIN diodes. The electrical lengths of the director and driven dipole elements can be changed by controlling the PIN diodes states so that the sub-array can operate in two different frequency bands. The impedance bandwidth (|S11|≤ -10dB) is measured to be 4.9% and 12.9% in the lower (from 2.39 to 2.51 GHz) and higher band (from 3.18 to 3.62 GHz), respectively. The measured gain of the sub-array is 9.2 and 11.9 dBi at 2.44 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The end-fire fan-beam pattern is obtained across the two operation bands, which makes the antenna element suitable for base station application with frequency reconfigurablity.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S, Jiang, F & Klempous, R 2012, 'The Implementation of 3TZ Model of Software Development', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 433-439.
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Abstract This paper presents the concepts and explores issues related to the 3 Time Zones (3TZ) model of software development in global workspace environment. The 3TZ model itself seeks to take advantages of differences in time zones between places around the world. By engaging software development teams in different regions separated by 8 hours each, it is possible for their combined working hours to cover the whole 24 hours period. Thus, while they each work their normal 8 hour days, together they are able to achieve in 1 day what a single team would achieve in 3 days. They are able to achieve this by passing on their work from one team to the next as one finishes their workday and the next team starts their workday. The 3TZ model of software development revolves around the employment of a software development team distributed in at least 3 different locations around the world in 3 different time zones. If work was passed on from one team to the next and adjacent teams were separated by 8 hours, then 24 hours continuous collaborative software development could be achieved. Though this poses many challenges, when dealt with there is great potential for software to be developed much faster than is possible for a single, collocated development team. In the global economy, we have seen a decrease in the barriers towards communication across the globe along with an increase of service availability to support this communication. Software development is one of the disciplines that is capable of effectively utilizing and benefiting from global collaboration prospect lent by ever increasing capability of information and communication technology. 24 hours continuous development is ideal for application towards tasks that have hard deadlines or require work completed as soon as possible. This article will mainly focus on introducing 24/7 global models that can be applied in cloud environment used in three diffe...

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Aslanzadeh, S & Dune, T 2012, 'Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor Networks', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 55-62.
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Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor NetworksArchitects of ad-hoc wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (SANETS) face various problems and challenges. The main limitations relate to aspects such as the number of sensor nodes involved, low bandwidth, management of resources and issues related to energy management. In order for these networks to be functionally proficient, the underlying software system must be able to effectively handle unreliable and dynamic distributed communication, power constraints of wireless devices, failure of hardware devices in hostile environments and the remote allocation of distributed processing tasks throughout the wireless network. The solution must be solved in a highly scalable manner. This paper provides the requirements analysis and presents the design of a software system middleware that provides a scalable solution for ad-hoc sensor network infrastructure made of both stationary and mobile sensors and actuators.

Chan, KY, Yiu, CKF, Dillon, TS, Nordholm, S & Ling, SH 2012, 'Enhancement of Speech Recognitions for Control Automation Using an Intelligent Particle Swarm Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 869-879.
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For over two decades, speech control mechanisms have been widely applied in manufacturing systems such as factory automation, warehouse automation, and industrial robotic control for over two decades. To implement speech controls, a commercial speech recognizer is used as the interface between users and the automation system. However, users commands are often contaminated by environmental noise which degrades the performance of speech recognition for controlling automation systems. This paper presents a multichannel signal enhancement methodology to improve the performance of commercial speech recognizers. The proposed methodology aims to optimize speech recognition accuracy of a commercial speech recognizer in a noisy environment based on a beamformer, which is developed by an intelligent particle swarm optimization. It overcomes the limitation of the existing signal enhancement approaches whereby the parameters inside commercial speech recognizers are required to be tuned, which is impossible in a real-world situation. Also, it overcomes the limitation of the existing optimization algorithm including gradient descent methods, genetic algorithms and classical particle swarm optimization that are unlikely to develop optimal beamformers for maximizing speech recognition accuracy. The performance of the proposed methodology was evaluated by developing beamformers for a commercial speech recognizer, which was implemented on warehouse automation. Results indicate a signi?cant improvement regarding speech recognition accuracy

Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Wei Lin, Z 2012, 'Transient analysis and control of bias magnetic state in the transformer of on-line pulse-width-modulation switching full bridge direct current-direct current converter', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 07E709-07E709.
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This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) based method for analyzing and controlling the bias magnetic state of the transformer of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) switching full bridge dc-dc converter. A field-circuit indirect coupling method for predicting the transient bias magnetic state is introduced first. To increase flexibility of the proposed method, a novel transformer model which can address not only its basic input-output characteristic, but also the nonlinear magnetizing inductance, is proposed. Both the asymmetric characteristic and the variable laws of the current flowing through the two secondary windings during the period of PWM switching-off state are highlighted. Finally, the peak magnetizing current controlled method based on the on-line magnetizing current computation is introduced. Analysis results show that this method can address the magnetic saturation at winding ends, and hence many previous difficulties, such as the start-up process and asymmetry of power electronics, can be easily controlled.

Chen, X, Lei, G, Yang, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2012, 'An Improved Population-Based Incremental Learning Method for Objects Buried in Planar Layered Media', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1027-1030.
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An evolutionary algorithm, the estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA), is used to reconstruct the objects that buried in planar layered media. It is essential that fast forward solvers be used to solve the forward scattering problem for the nonlinear inverse scattering methods, since it can avoid errors by approximation. The EDA is a predominant all-round optimizing method in the macroscopic simulation of evolution process species of nature. Recent studies have shown that the EDA provides better solution for nonlinear problems than the microscopic evolutionary algorithm, such as genetic algorithm (GA) in some cases. The EDA is simpler, both computationally and theoretically, than the GA. We discuss how this can be used to calculate the permittivity and conductivity of the targets. We show preliminary results indicating the potential of reconstruction for buried objects. Compared with other methods, the experiment result shows that the EDA algorithm reduces the number of iteration.

Chen, X, Lei, G, Yang, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2012, 'Using Improved Domain Decomposition Method and Radial Basis Functions to Determine Electromagnetic Fields Near Material Interfaces', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 199-202.
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This paper presents a novel approach for solving problems of electromagnetic fields near material interfaces. This novel approach is based on combination of radial basis functions (RBF) and improved domain decomposition (DD) method. We discuss three radi

Chen, X, Yang, J, Wu, Q, Zhao, J & He, X 2012, 'Directional high-pass filter for blurry image analysis', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 760-771.
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High-frequency energy distributions are important characteristics of blurry images. In this paper, directional high-pass filters are proposed to analyze blurry images. Firstly, we show that the proposed directional high-pass filters can effectively estimate the motion direction of motion blurred images. A closed-form solution for motion direction estimation is derived. It achieves a higher estimation accuracy and is also faster than previous methods. Secondly, the paper suggests two important applications of the directional high-frequency energy analysis. It can be employed to identify out-of-focus blur and motion blur, and to detect motion blurred regions in observed images. Experiments on both synthetic and real blurred images are conducted. Encouraging results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cheng, P, Gui, L, Rui, Y, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Zhang, W 2012, 'Compressed Sensing Based Channel Estimation for Two-Way Relay Networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 201-204.
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In this letter, a novel channel estimation scheme based on compressed sensing (CS) theory is proposed for two-way relay networks (TWRN) in sparse frequency-selective fading channels. Unlike point-to-point systems, applying CS theory to sparse channel estimation in TWRN is much more challenging since the equivalent channels (terminal-relay-terminal) may be no longer sparse due to the linear convolutional operation. To solve this problem, instead of directly estimating the equivalent channels, a linear precoding based method is designed to firstly separate the individual channels between the terminals and the relay from the equivalent channels. CS theory is then applied to the time-domain channel estimation with much smaller number of pilot symbols. This scheme enables accurate channel estimation for TWRN with significant overhead reduction. Extensive numerical results are provided to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 IEEE.

Chu, GML, Lu, DDC & Agelidis, VG 2012, 'Flyback-based high step-up converter with reduced power processing stages', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 349-357.
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Chu, GML, Lu, DDC & Agelidis, VG 2012, 'Practical application of valley current mode control in a flyback converter with a large duty cycle', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 552-552.
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Dear, RD, Burnham, DR, Summers, MD, McGloin, D & Ritchie, GAD 2012, 'Single aerosol trapping with an annular beam: improved particle localisation', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 14, no. 45, pp. 15826-15826.
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Ekpenyong, UE, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2012, 'An improved robust model for generator maintenance scheduling', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 92, pp. 29-36.
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Foroughi, J, Kimiaghalam, B, Ghorbani, SR, Safaei, F & Abolhasan, M 2012, 'Effect of conducting polypyrrole on the transport properties of carbon nanotube yarn', THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 520, no. 24, pp. 7049-7053.
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Experiments were conducted to measure the electrical conductivity in three types of pristine and carbon nanotube-polypyrrole (CNT-PPy) composite yarns and its dependence on over a wide temperature range. The experimental results fit well with the analyti

Fu, WN, Ho, SL, Niu, S & Zhu, J 2012, 'Comparison Study of Finite Element Methods to Deal With Floating Conductors in Electric Field', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 351-354.
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In transient magnetic field computation, it is highly desirable if the stray capacitances among all conductors can be computed and their effects addressed conveniently. Because of the existence of floating conductors, the general finite element (FE) solv

Garcia-Vigueras, M, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Efficient Synthesis of 1-D Fabry–Perot Antennas With Low Sidelobe Levels', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 869-872.
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A novel technique for the efficient synthesis of one-dimensional (1-D) Fabry-Perot leaky-wave antennas with low sidelobe levels is described. It is based on the study of the reflection characteristics presented by the two periodic surfaces that form the cavity. The synthesis technique avoids the search for modal solutions in the complex plane, which is typically needed to characterize the dispersion of the leaky modes associated with the antenna geometry. Instead, it involves the solution of two simple equations, so that the desired aperture distribution (amplitude and phase) can be directly synthesized. Numerical and experimental results show that the method can be used to efficiently synthesize 1-D Fabry-Perot low sidelobe leaky-wave antennas for any desired scanning angle. © 2002-2011 IEEE.

Gerold, B, Glynne-Jones, P, McDougall, C, McGloin, D, Cochran, S, Melzer, A & Prentice, P 2012, 'Directed jetting from collapsing cavities exposed to focused ultrasound', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 024104-024104.
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We demonstrate directed jetting from pulsed laser-induced cavities subjected to a burst of focused ultrasound. Alignment of the ultrasound focus and the pressure amplitudes in the vicinity of the cavity dictate the direction and length of the resulting jet, respectively. We interpret our observations in terms of radiation forces exerted on the cavity, due to the pressure gradient introduced to the ultrasound focus by its presence. We support our hypothesis with a linear analysis of the force distribution across the cavity surface, at the moment of maximum inflation, which shows reasonable predictive agreement with the observed jet characteristics.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lin, Z & Li, Y 2012, 'Core Loss Calculation for Soft Magnetic Composite Electrical Machines', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 3112-3115.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are especially suitable for developing electrical machines with complex structure and three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux path. In these SMC machines, the magnetic field is in general 3-D and rotational, so the mechanism and calculation of core loss may be quite different from that in traditional electrical machines with laminated steels in which the magnetic field is restrained. This paper investigates the calculation of core loss in a permanent magnet claw pole motor with SMC stator core. First, core loss models are developed based on the experimental data on SMC samples by using a 3-D magnetic property tester. Then, 3-D magnetic time-stepping field finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to find the flux density locus in each element when the rotor rotates. The core loss is computed based on the magnetic field FEA results by using the developed core loss models. The calculations agree well with the experimental measurements on the SMC motor prototype.

Guo, YJ, Xiaojing Huang & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'A Hybrid Adaptive Antenna Array for Long-Range mm-Wave Communications [Antenna Applications Corner]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 271-282.
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Owing to the availability of wide (GHz) bandwidth at mm-wave frequencies, there is growing interest in high-speed mm-wave communications systems. However, the limited physical size and volume of the antenna and RF system do pose several major challenges. This article presents CSIRO's research on hybrid adaptive antenna arrays and associated digital-beamforming algorithms for achieving high-speed long-range communications in the millimeter-wave frequency bands. The hybrid antenna array consists of a number of analog subarrays, followed by a digital beamformer. Two subarray configurations - the interleaved subarray and the side-by-side subarray - are described. The adaptive angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming algorithms in both the time and frequency domains are discussed. The performance of the system was evaluated by simulations. An early stage proof-of-concept adaptive antenna array prototype in the 71 to 76 GHz E band is presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Gupta, K, Gulen, F, Sun, L, Aguilera, R, Chakrabarti, A, Kiselar, J, Agarwal, MK & Wald, DN 2012, 'GSK3 is a regulator of RAR-mediated differentiation', Leukemia, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1277-1285.
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Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Electronic Full-Space Scanning With 1-D Fabry–Pérot LWA Using Electromagnetic Band-Gap', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1426-1429.
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A novel mechanism to obtain full-space electronic scanning from a half-space scanning one-dimensional (1-D) Fabry-Pérot (FP) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this letter. By using a central feed that divides the structure into two independently controlled leaky lines, one each side, and making use of the electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) region of the FP resonator, the antenna can be electronically tuned to operate in three different regimes: backward scanning, forward scanning, and broadside radiation. Leaky-mode dispersion theory and experimental results of a fabricated prototype demonstrate a continuous electronic scanning from-25° to +25° at 5.5 GHz. © 2011 IEEE.

Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Electronically Steerable 1-D Fabry-Perot Leaky-Wave Antenna Employing a Tunable High Impedance Surface', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 5046-5055.
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© 2012 IEEE. A novel fixed-frequency electronically-steerable one-dimensional (1-D) leaky-wave antenna is presented. The antenna is based on a parallel-plate waveguide loaded with a planar partially reflective surface and a tunable high impedance surface (HIS), which creates a 1-D Fabry-Perot leaky-waveguide. The tunable HIS consists of printed patches loaded with varactor diodes that allow the electronic tuning of the cavity resonance condition. Using a simple Transverse Equivalent Network, it is theoretically shown how the variation of the varactors’ junction capacitance allows the scanning of the antenna pointing angle from broadside towards the endfire direction at a fixed frequency. Experimental results of an antenna prototype operating at 5.6 GHz are reported, demonstrating that the new reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna can provide electronic beam scanning in an angular range from 9° to 30°.

Han, L, Fu, C, Zou, D, Lee, C & Jia, W 2012, 'Task-based behavior detection of illegal codes', Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol. 55, no. 1-2, pp. 80-86.
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Detecting unseen illegal codes is always a challenging task. As the main action to deal with this problem, the behavior detection is unsatisfactory in both effectiveness and efficiency. This paper proposes task-based behavior detection (TBBD) which detects new illegal codes based on the user's task instead of only on the software behavior. First, the paper proposes three prerequisites of TBBD and four judgment rules, i.e., resource abnormal rule, relation abnormal rule, space abnormal rule and time abnormal rule. Then, by analyzing the effectiveness and comparison of the four judgment rules, we present an explicit judgment process of TBBD. Finally, the paper carries on the experiments. The test result verifies the validity and feasibility of TBBD. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Experimental Evaluation of Noise Robustness for Extended Whole-Word Model with Multi-Condition Training', IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems, vol. 132, no. 10, pp. 1667-1674.
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Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Mesh-Insensitive Methodology for Magnetic Force Computation in Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 287-290.
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A novel mesh-insensitive methodology for magnetic force computation is presented. The force value is obtained by integration on several layers of mesh elements around the objects on which the force needs to be computed. The number of layers can be automa

Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Power-Balanced Time-Stepping Finite Element Method for Transient Magnetic Field Computation', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 291-294.
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Conventional transient finite-element methods (FEM) of magnetic field and electric circuit coupled problems often result in unbalanced power computation. In the worst case, the output power may be even miscomputed to be larger than the input power which

Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Sensitivity Analysis Method for Equivalent Parameter Extraction of Transient Magnetic Field With Internal Circuits', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 295-298.
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A sensitivity analysis method for the equivalent parameter extraction of transient magnetic field problems with internally coupled circuits is presented. In contrast to conventional methods using physical meaning and physical relationships for parameter

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 2012, 'Improved low-voltage-ride-through capability of fixed-speed wind turbines using decentralised control of STATCOM with energy storage system', IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 719-719.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 2012, 'Investigation of the Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Power Penetration on the Angle and Voltage Stability of Power Systems', IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 76-84.
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Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK, Mithulananthan, N & Pota, HR 2012, 'Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems', Applied Energy, vol. 99, pp. 355-362.
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Huang, X, Guo, Y, Zhang, A & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'A multi-gigabit microwave backhaul', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 122-129.
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The rapid growth of multimedia broadband wireless services has placed huge pressure on the backhaul infrastructure. As cost-effective alternatives to fibre backhauls, high speed microwave backhauls provide a number of significant benefits, especially for bringing broadband services to rural and regional areas. This article addresses the challenges to wireless backhauls and presents a multi-gigabit microwave backhaul system, called Ngara backhaul, which is being developed at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia. The various innovative aspects of the Ngara backhaul system including spectrum aggregation, peak-toaverage power ratio reduction, out-of-band emission cancellation, and sample rate conversion, are reported. © 2012 IEEE.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'Multi-gigabit wireless backhauls for broadband networks', Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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With the emergence of next generation broadband wireless access and mobile systems, huge demands are being placed on the backhaul infrastructure. As cost-effective alternatives to traditional copper and fibre backhauls, high speed and long range wireless backhauls become more and more attractive. However, current existing wireless backhaul systems neither provide sufficiently high speed nor meet the requirements to achieve both high speed and long range at the same time. Multi-gigabit data rates can be obtained using millimetre-wave (mmwave) point-to-point systems, but the practical transmission range is still the major weakness. Traditional microwave systems can achieve longer transmission range, but the data rates are limited to a few hundred Mega bits per second only. In this article, a review on the demand for multi-gigabit wireless backhauls is given and the benefits of wireless backhauls are described. The radio propagation characteristics in both mm-wave and microwave frequency bands are provided to show the difference in transmission range for wireless backhauls in the two different bands. The state-of-the-art mm-wave and microwave technologies currently being developed at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) are introduced to illustrate CSIRO's technology leadership in high speed and long range broadband wireless backhaul systems. It is hoped that the article will stimulate further research interest and industry development.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Zhang, JA 2012, 'Sample Rate Conversion Using B-Spline Interpolation for OFDM Based Software Defined Radios', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2113-2122.
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This paper proposes arbitrary ratio sample rate conversion (SRC) architectures and a simpler B-spline interpolation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based software defined radios (SDRs) with multiband and multi-channel capabilities. Different from conventional standalone digital front-end designs for SDRs, the proposed SRC architectures combine the B-spline interpolation with OFDM modulation and equalization for OFDM transmitter and receiver respectively. With this combined design, the passband droop introduced by the B-spline interpolation can be more efficiently compensated using frequency-domain pre-distortion, instead of conventional time-domain pre-filtering, and hence an overall system complexity reduction is achieved. A novel multi-period B-spline interpolation and re-sampling structure is then constructed, and an interpolation algorithm with lower implementation complexity than that of the conventional Farrow structure is further developed. The SRC performance is also analysed by deriving the signal-to-peak distortion ratio formulas which can be used as design tools for determining the required orders of B-splines in the OFDM transmitter and receiver respectively. Finally, SRC examples used in a high-speed multiband multi-channel microwave backhaul system are given and compared with conventional polyphase filterbank interpolation to demonstrate the practicality and performance of the proposed SRC architectures and interpolation algorithm. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

Huang, Y, Dong, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Core Loss Modeling for Permanent-Magnet Motor Based on Flux Variation Locus and Finite-Element Method', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1023-1026.
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Core-loss prediction is an important issue in design and analysis of permanent-magnet (PM) motors. Because of the diverse structure, flux distribution, and rotational variation of flux, it is difficult to predict the core loss in a machine exactly. In th

Iqbal, A & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Piezoresistive Sensing in a SOI Mechanically Coupled Micromechanical Multiple-Resonator Array', IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3091-3096.
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Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 2012, '11-kV Series-Connected H-Bridge Multilevel Converter for Direct Grid Connection of Renewable Energy Systems', Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 70-78.
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Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by consumers, it is difficult to operate a power system installed with only one type of renewable energy resource. Grid-based renewable generation may be the only solution to overcome this problem. The conventional approach based on a low-voltage converter with power frequency transformer is commonly employed for grid connection of offshore renewable energy systems. Because of the heavy weight and large size of the transformer, the system can be expensive and complex in terms of installation and maintenance. In this paper, an 11-kV series connected H-bridge (SCHB) multilevel voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed to achieve a compact and light direct grid connection of renewable energy systems. This paper presents the design, simulation and analysis of a five level (5L)-SCHB and an eleven level (11L)-SCHB VSC for 11-kV grid-based renewable energy systems. The performance, cost, modulation scheme and harmonic spectra of the converter are analyzed

Jian Xun Jin, Lu Hai Zheng, You Guang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, Grantham, C, Sorrell, CC & Wei Xu 2012, 'High-Temperature Superconducting Linear Synchronous Motors Integrated With HTS Magnetic Levitation Components', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 5202617-5202617.
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High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) including HTS bulks and tapes have potential applications in linear motion drive and magnetic levitation/suspension systems generating substantial advantages over conventional ones. When an HTS linear motor is inte

KANETA, Y, YOSHIZAWA, S, MINATO, S-I, ARIMURA, H & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'A Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGA-Based Pattern Matching Hardware for Subclasses of Regular Expressions', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E95.D, no. 7, pp. 1847-1857.
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Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M & Abdipour, A 2012, 'A broadband and compact asymmetrical backward coupled-line coupler with high coupling level', AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 569-574.
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Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 2012, 'Fast Global Optimal Power Allocation in Wireless Networks by Local D.C. Programming', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 510-515.
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Power allocations in an interference-limited wireless network for global maximization of the weighted sum throughput or global optimization of the minimum weighted rate among network links are not only important but also very hard optimization problems d

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Variable wordlength soft-decision Viterbi decoder for power-efficient wireless LAN', Integration, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 132-140.
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Kong, X, Liu, L & Tran, TP 2012, 'A cost-effective system design approach for vehicle positioning using GNSS/INS integration', International Journal of Vehicle Safety, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 28-28.
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This paper presents a system design approach for vehicle positioning systems. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and inertial sensors are major positioning measurements used in this approach. A number of phases are designed in this approach including: system architecture design using an estimator, GNSS error modeling, estimator low level design, simulation and experiment design, frequency domain simulation, time domain experiment, sensor selection and deployment decision making. This approach enables to model GNSS errors from end user's view point, and choose low cost inertial sensors to meet positioning system requirements using a new sensor selection criterion.

Kumar, A, Rastogi, V, Agrawal, A & Rahman, BMA 2012, 'Birefringence analysis of segmented cladding fiber', Applied Optics, vol. 51, no. 15, pp. 3104-3104.
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Kusakunniran, W, Qiang Wu, Jian Zhang & Hongdong Li 2012, 'Gait Recognition Across Various Walking Speeds Using Higher Order Shape Configuration Based on a Differential Composition Model', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1654-1668.
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Gait has been known as an effective biometric feature to identify a person at a distance. However, variation of walking speeds may lead to significant changes to human walking patterns. It causes many difficulties for gait recognition. A comprehensive analysis has been carried out in this paper to identify such effects. Based on the analysis, Procrustes shape analysis is adopted for gait signature description and relevant similarity measurement. To tackle the challenges raised by speed change, this paper proposes a higher order shape configuration for gait shape description, which deliberately conserves discriminative information in the gait signatures and is still able to tolerate the varying walking speed. Instead of simply measuring the similarity between two gaits by treating them as two unified objects, a differential composition model (DCM) is constructed. The DCM differentiates the different effects caused by walking speed changes on various human body parts. In the meantime, it also balances well the different discriminabilities of each body part on the overall gait similarity measurements. In this model, the Fisher discriminant ratio is adopted to calculate weights for each body part. Comprehensive experiments based on widely adopted gait databases demonstrate that our proposed method is efficient for cross-speed gait recognition and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. © 1996-2012 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 2012, 'Cross-view and multi-view gait recognitions based on view transformation model using multi-layer perceptron', PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 882-889.
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Gait has been shown to be an efficient biometric feature for human identification at a distance. However, performance of gait recognition can be affected by view variation. This leads to a consequent difficulty of cross-view gait recognition. A novel method is proposed to solve the above difficulty by using view transformation model (VTM). VTM is constructed based on regression processes by adopting multi-layer perceptron (MLP) as a regression tool. VTM estimates gait feature from one view using a well selected region of interest (ROI) on gait feature from another view. Thus, trained VTMs can normalize gait features from across views into the same view before gait similarity is measured. Moreover, this paper proposes a new multi-view gait recognition which estimates gait feature on one view using selected gait features from several other views. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms other baseline methods in literature for both cross-view and multi-view gait recognitions. In our experiments, particularly, average accuracies of 99%, 98% and 93% are achieved for multiple views gait recognition by using 5 cameras, 4 cameras and 3 cameras respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 2012, 'Gait Recognition Under Various Viewing Angles Based on Correlated Motion Regression', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 966-980.
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It is well recognized that gait is an important biometric feature to identify a person at a distance, e.g., in video surveillance application. However, in reality, change of viewing angle causes significant challenge for gait recognition. A novel approach using regression-based view transformation model (VTM) is proposed to address this challenge. Gait features from across views can be normalized into a common view using learned VTM(s). In principle, a VTM is used to transform gait feature from one viewing angle (source) into another viewing angle (target). It consists of multiple regression processes to explore correlated walking motions, which are encoded in gait features, between source and target views. In the learning processes, sparse regression based on the elastic net is adopted as the regression function, which is free from the problem of overfitting and results in more stable regression models for VTM construction. Based on widely adopted gait database, experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves upon existing VTM-based methods and outperforms most other baseline methods reported in the literature. Several practical scenarios of applying the proposed method for gait recognition under various views are also discussed in this paper. © 2012 IEEE.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, SH & Shi, EC 2012, 'An Improved Differential Evolution and Its Industrial Application', Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 04, no. 02, pp. 81-97.
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In this paper, an improved Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates double wavelet-based operations is proposed to solve the Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem. The double wavelet mutations are applied in order to enhance DE in exploring the solution space more effectively for better solution quality and stability. The first stage of wavelet operation is embedded in the DE mutation operation, in which the scaling factor is governed by a wavelet function. In the second stage, a wavelet-based mutation operation is embedded in the DE crossover operation. The trial population vectors are modified by the wavelet function. A suite of benchmark test functions is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed DE in different problems. The result shows empirically that the proposed method out-performs signifycantly the conventional methods in terms of convergence speed, solution quality and solution stability. Then the proposed method is applied to the Economic Load Dispatch with Valve-Point Loading (ELD-VPL) problem, which is a process to share the power demand among the online generators in a power system for minimum fuel cost. Two different conditions of the ELD problem have been tested in this paper. It is observed that the proposed method gives satisfactory optimal costs when compared with the other techniques in the literature

Lee, JE-Y & Xu, Y 2012, 'Direct inference of parameters for piezoresistive micromechanical resonators embedded in feedthrough', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 186, pp. 257-263.
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Lei, G, Chen, XM, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Xu, W & Shao, KR 2012, 'Multiobjective Sequential Optimization Method for the Design of Industrial Electromagnetic Devices', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 4538-4541.
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A multiobjective sequential optimization method (MSOM) is presented to deal with practical design problems of industrial electromagnetic devices. MSOM consists of a sequential optimization strategy of multiobjective optimization model and a modified central composite design (CCD) sampling method. To improve the optimization efficiency, Kriging model is employed to construct the approximate multiobjective optimization models. Then a modified CCD sampling method is presented to update the sample sets with the obtained Pareto optimal points and Kriging models. Thereafter, by investigating a test function and a three-dimensional permanent magnet transverse flux machine, it can be found that the proposed method is efficient, and the computation cost of finite element analysis can be saved remarkably.

Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Chen, XM, Xu, W & Shao, KR 2012, 'Sequential Subspace Optimization Method for Electromagnetic Devices Design With Orthogonal Design Technique', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 479-482.
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We present two new sequential optimization strategies, a sequential subspace optimization method (SSOM) and an improved sequential optimization method (SOM) with orthogonal experimental design technique, to deal with optimization design problems of elect

Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Wang, TS, Chen, XM & Shao, KR 2012, 'System Level Six Sigma Robust Optimization of a Drive System With PM Transverse Flux Machine', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 923-926.
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From our previous study, permanent magnet (PM) transverse flux machine with soft magnetic composite material core is very promising. However, from the point of view of engineering application, at least two more aspects have to be considered. First, not o

Li, Y, Yang, Q, An, J, Zhao, Z & Zhu, J 2012, 'Three dimensional magnetic properties measurement of soft magnetic composite materials', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 160-165.
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It is difficult for conventional one dimensional (1D) and 2D testing methods to analyze the magnetic properties of the magnetic materials comprehensively. A novel 3D magnetic properties testing method is studied in this paper, which can help to understand the magnetization process and analyze the core loss accurately. A 3D magnetic property tester was designed and 3D rotational magnetic properties measurement of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under rotational excitations were carried out. Calibration and compensation of the novel B-H sensing coils and accurate calculation of the B and H vectors were also analyzed in detail. According to the experimental results, 3D magnetic hysteresis properties and core loss features are analyzed and discussed.

Li, Y, Yang, Q, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Magnetic Properties Measurement of Soft Magnetic Composite Materials Over Wide Range of Excitation Frequency', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 88-97.
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Accurate measurements of magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material are performed on an improved 3-D tester by means of novel precision B-H sensing coils attached to the surface of a cubic SMC specimen. By controlling the adjustable ex

Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Johansen, TH, Shi, X & Choi, KY 2012, 'Flux distribution in Fe-based superconducting materials by magneto-optical imaging', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 07E143-07E143.
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This paper presents the magnetic flux distributions in Fe-based superconducting materials including single crystal of Ba(Fe1.9Ni0.1)As2 and Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2, as well as polycrystalline SmFeO0.75F0.2As by means of magneto-optical imaging (MOI) technique. The single crystals were grown out of FeAs flux while polycrystalline sample was grown by hot-press. A MOI film with in-plan magnetization was used to visualize flux distributions at the sample surface. A series of magneto-optical images was taken when the samples were zero-field cooled and field cooled. The flux behavior, including penetration into and expelling from the samples, as well as pinning properties were studied. When external fields increase, flux is completely shielded from the crystals, then, gradually penetrates toward the crystal center from the edge. For polycrystalline sample, Meissner state was observed at very low field. With increasing the field further, flux penetrates into the sample easily along grain boundary, then into grain. Compared with high-Tc cuprates, it is found that the flux distributions in Fe-based superconducting materials are very similar to that in high-Tc cuprates with strong pinning strength.

Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia detection using hybrid particle swarm optimized fuzzy reasoning model', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 177-184.
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Introduction: Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. This paper will make a contribution to knowledge in the modeling and design of a non-invasive hypoglycemia monitor for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using a fuzzy-reasoning system. Methods: Based on the heart rate and the corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, we have developed a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization-based fuzzy-reasoning model to recognize the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. To optimize the fuzzy rules and the fuzzy-membership functions, a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization with wavelet mutation operation is investigated. Conclusion: We have investigated the detection for the natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes in T1DM using a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization-based fuzzy-reasoning model with physiological parameters. In this study, no restricted environment (e.g. patient's dietary requirements) is required. Furthermore, the sampling time is between 5 and 10 min. To conclude, we have shown that the testing performances of the proposed algorithm for detection of advanced hypoglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes for T1DM patients are satisfactory.

Ling, SSH, Nguyen, H & Lam, HK 2012, 'Computational intelligence in health technologies.', Int J Bioinform Res Appl, vol. 8, no. 5-6, pp. 323-324.

Lu, DDC & Nguyen, QN 2012, 'A photovoltaic panel emulator using a buck-boost DC/DC converter and a low cost micro-controller', Solar Energy, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1477-1484.
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Mahamedi, B & Zhu, JG 2012, 'A Novel Approach to Detect Symmetrical Faults Occurring During Power Swings by Using Frequency Components of Instantaneous Three-Phase Active Power', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1368-1376.
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Since distance relays are prone to interpret a power swing as a three-phase fault, they should be blocked during the power swing to prevent undesired trips. On the other hand, if any fault occurs during a power swing, they should be fast and reliably unb

Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2012, 'Dynamic Stability of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using Zero Dynamic Design Approach', IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 564-571.
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Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2012, 'Full-order nonlinear observer-based excitation controller design for interconnected power systems via exact linearization approach', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 54-62.
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Masihpour, M, Abolhasan, M & Franklin, DR 2012, 'NFMIC Cooperative Communication Methods for Body Area Networks.', J. Networks, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 1431-1440.
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To achieve higher data rate or to extend the coverage range of a wireless communication system, cooperative relay has been seen as a promising solution. This concept has been integrated in many traditional wireless communication networks. However, it has not been extensively examined for near field magnetic induction communication (NFMIC) systems. This paper aims to apply cooperative relay to NFMIC in a sense that is applicable to body area networking, since NFMIC is stated to be a suitable physical layer for body area networks. We have shown that using idle NFMIC nodes as relaying terminals, the system performance will be enhanced, as compared to a point to point communication system. In this context we have proposed three relaying methods to enhance the data rate and the received signal power in a personal area network. The relaying strategies are denoted as MI-Relay, MAMI Relay1 and MAMI Relay2. In this paper, using theoretical studies and simulation results, we have compared the performance of the three strategies and we have shown that higher data rates can be achieved through MAMI Relay1. However, we have discussed that the separation distance between relaying nodes and the source or destination can be a key factor for relay node selection.

McGloin, D 2012, 'An optical trampoline', Nature, vol. 492, no. 7427, pp. 51-52.
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Ni, W & Collings, I 2012, 'Indoor wireless networks of the future: adaptive network architecture', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 130-137.
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Ni, W & Collings, IB 2012, 'Adaptive Adjacent-Frequency Interference Mitigation in Multi-Hop Point-To-Point FDD Wireless Backhaul Networks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1988-1991.
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Ni, W, Collings, IB & Liu, RP 2012, 'Relay Handover and Link Adaptation Design for Fixed Relays in IMT-Advanced Using a New Markov Chain Model', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1839-1853.
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Fixed relay networks will be an integrated component of future International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-Advanced. In this paper, we propose a new approach to relay handover and link adaptation. Our approach is built on a new Markov chain model (MCM) that comprehensively characterizes different relay protocols and quantifies their quality-of-service (QoS) measures, such as packet drop rate and latency, and spectral efficiency. Our relay handover and link adaptation scheme combats channel fluctuations while satisfying QoS requirements. It also accommodates multiple relay stations, supports multiplexing and diversity, and copes with mutually related and time-dependent transmissions. Analytical results, which were validated by simulations, show that our scheme can reduce the packet loss by up to three orders of magnitude. It also decreases the packet delay by up to 18% and improves the throughput by up to 10%. © 2012 IEEE.

Ni, W, Li, X, Ao, M, Zhang, H, Hou, Z, Si, S & Wang, W 2012, 'Using the real-life vision test to assess the functional vision of age-related cataract patients', Eye, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1402-1411.
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PURPOSE: (1) To describe and validate a newly developed, timed performance-based measures of functional vision-the real-life vision test (RLVT). (2) To determine how RLVT relates to clinical measures and self-report assessment of visual function and the complex interactions among visual impairment, psychosocial status, and demographic factors. METHODS: A total of 64 patients with age-related cataract and 45 age-matched controls were evaluated by four types of measurements: (1) demographic, medical, cognitive, and depressive evaluation and the reaction time (RT) testing; (2) clinical measures (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and the color perception); (3) the 25-item National Eye Institute's Visual Functioning Questionnaire; and (4) the RLVT. Spearman's coefficients, partial correlation, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to determine the relationship among RLVT, clinical measures, and self-report assessment of visual function while controlling for confounders. RESULTS: Control subjects performed RLVT significantly better than the cataract patients. RLVT correlated well with both clinical and self-report assessments of visual function. All subscales of RLVT remained highly associated with most of the clinical measures, even after adjusting for age, years of education, depression, cognitive status, and the RT. Distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, and binocular contrast sensitivity were significant predictors of the RLVT performances. CONCLUSIONS: Given the strong relationship among RLVT, clinical measures, and the self-report assessments, our results highlight the potential usefulness of RLVT for assessing the functional vision of cataract patients. RLVT may provide information not obtainable from clinical measures or surveys and therefore it is essential to be incorporated into future ophthalmological practice.

Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Convenient Mesh Rotation Method of Finite Element Analysis Using Sub-Matrix Transformation Approach', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 303-306.
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This paper presents a novel sub-matrix transformation method on mesh rotation problems in the finite element analysis (FEA) of electric machines. This proposed approach is simple, convenient and readily implementable. For each rotor position, only the tr

Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'Eddy Current Reduction in High-Speed Machines and Eddy Current Loss Analysis With Multislice Time-Stepping Finite-Element Method', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1007-1010.
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The significance of eddy-current in high-speed permanent magnet machines cannot be underestimated in that it has serious implications on the machine's efficiency or even demagnetizes the PMs because of an overheating problem. It is necessary to accuratel

Nuryani, N, Ling, SSH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Electrocardiographic Signals and Swarm-Based Support Vector Machine for Hypoglycemia Detection', ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 934-945.
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Cardiac arrhythmia relating to hypoglycemia is suggested as a cause of death in diabetic patients. This article introduces electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters for artificially induced hypoglycemia detection. In addition, a hybrid technique of swarm-based support vector machine (SVM) is introduced for hypoglycemia detection using the ECG parameters as inputs. In this technique, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the SVM to detect hypoglycemia. In an experiment using medical data of patients with Type 1 diabetes, the introduced ECG parameters show significant contributions to the performance of the hypoglycemia detection and the proposed detection technique performs well in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Obaidullah, K, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Genetic Algorithm Parameter Requirements for Detection in MIMO Fading Channels', Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 251-258.
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Parr, G, Hailes, S, How, JP, McGeehan, J & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Guest Editorial: Communications Challenges and Dynamics for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 849-851.
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Peng, Y, Xu, M, Ni, Z, Jin, JS & Luo, S 2012, 'Combining Front Vehicle Detection with 3D Pose Estimation for a Better Driver Assistance', International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 93-93.
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Driver assistant systems enhance traffic safety and efficiency. The accurate 3D pose of a front vehicle can help a driver to make the right decision on the road. We propose a novel real-time system to estimate the 3D pose of the front vehicle. This system consists of two parallel threads: vehicle rear tracking and mapping. The vehicle rear is first identified in the video captured by an onboard camera, after license plate localization and foreground extraction. The 3D pose estimation technique is then employed with respect to the extracted vehicle rear. Most current 3D pose estimation techniques need prior models or a stereo initialization with user cooperation. It is extremely difficult to obtain prior models due to the varying appearance of vehicles' rears. Moreover, it is unsafe to ask for drivers' cooperation when a vehicle is running. In our system, two initial keyframes for stereo algorithms are automatically extracted by vehicle rear detection and tracking. Map points are defined as a collection of point features extracted from the vehicle's rear with their 3D information. These map points are inferences that relate the 2D features detected in following vehicles' rears with the 3D world. The relative 3D pose of the onboard camera to the front vehicle rear is then estimated through matching the map points with point features detected on the front vehicle rear. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system by testing on real-time and synthesized videos. In order to make the experimental analysis visible, we demonstrated an estimated 3D pose through augmented reality, which needs accurate and real-time 3D pose estimation.

Pham, HN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2012, 'Estimating Method of Heat Distribution Using 3-D Resistance Matrix for Zone-Control Induction Heating Systems', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3374-3382.
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This paper focuses on the analysis and control of the heat distribution in zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) systems, which consist of two or more split working coils and inverter units. This paper carries out theoretical analysis of the generated heat in the workpiece and reveals a relationship between the coil currents and the heat distribution. As a result, it is determined that the heat distribution can be estimated by a simple calculation using a 3-D resistance matrix. The experimental results which use a six-zone ZCIH laboratory setup, verify the validity of the developed theory.

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2012, 'Relay Assignment for Max-Min Capacity in Cooperative Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2387-2394.
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This paper is concerned with the problem of relay assignment in cooperative wireless networks having multiple sources, multiple relays, and a single destination. With the objective of maximizing the minimum capacity among all sources in the network, a mi

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Ngo, DT 2012, 'Nonsmooth Optimization for Efficient Beamforming in Cognitive Radio Multicast Transmission', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2941-2951.
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It is known that the design of optimal transmit beamforming vectors for cognitive radio multicast transmission can be formulated as indefinite quadratic optimization programs. Given the challenges of such nonconvex problems, the conventional approach in

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 2012, 'Beamforming Optimization in Multi-User Amplify-and-Forward Wireless Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1510-1520.
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Optimization problems of beamforming in multiuser amplify-and-forward (AF) wireless relay networks are indefinite (nonconvex) quadratic programs, which require effective computational solutions. Solutions to these problems have often been obtained by rel

Power, R, Reid, JP, Anand, S, McGloin, D, Almohamedi, A, Mistry, NS & Hudson, AJ 2012, 'Observation of the Binary Coalescence and Equilibration of Micrometer-Sized Droplets of Aqueous Aerosol in a Single-Beam Gradient-Force Optical Trap', The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 116, no. 35, pp. 8873-8884.
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Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Weily, AR & Liang, C-H 2012, 'A Pattern Reconfigurable U-Slot Antenna and Its Applications in MIMO Systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 516-528.
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A new compact pattern reconfigurable U-slot antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a U-slot patch and eight shorting posts. Each edge of the square patch is connected to two shorting posts via PIN diodes. By switching between the different states of the PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can operate in either monopolar patch or normal patch mode in similar frequency ranges. Therefore, its radiation pattern can be switched between conical and boresight patterns electrically. In addition, the plane with the maximum power level of the conical pattern can be changed between two orthogonal planes. Owing to a novel design of the switch geometry, the antenna does not need dc bias lines. The measured overlapping impedance bandwidth (|S11| <; -10 dB) of the two modes is 6.6% with a center frequency of 5.32 GHz. The measured radiation patterns agree well with simulated results. The antennas are incorporated in a 2 × 2 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system to demonstrate the improvement in system capacity. In the real-time MIMO-OFDM channel measurement, it is shown that compared to omnidirectional antennas, the pattern reconfigurable antennas can enhance the system capacity, with 17% improvement in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario and 12% in a non-LOS (NLOS) scenario at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB.

Quevedo, DE, Aguilera, RP, Perez, MA, Cortes, P & Lizana, R 2012, 'Model Predictive Control of an AFE Rectifier With Dynamic References', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3128-3136.
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Ridoux, J, Veitch, D & Broomhead, T 2012, 'The Case for Feed-Forward Clock Synchronization', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 231-242.
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Variable latencies due to communication delays or system noise is the central challenge faced by time-keeping algorithms when synchronizing over the network. Using extensive experiments, we explore the robustness of synchronization in the face of both normal and extreme latency variability and compare the feedback approaches of ntpd and ptpd (a software implementation of IEEE-1588) to the feed-forward approach of the RADclock and advocate for the benefits of a feed-forward approach. Noting the current lack of kernel support, we present extensions to existing mechanisms in the Linux and FreeBSD kernels giving full access to all available raw counters, and then evaluate the TSC, HPET, and ACPI counters' suitability as hardware timing sources. We demonstrate how the RADclock achieves the same microsecond accuracy with each counter.

Sheng Ye, Xianling Liang, Wenzhi Wang, Ronghong Jin, Junping Geng, Bird, TS & Guo, YJ 2012, 'High-Gain Planar Antenna Arrays for Mobile Satellite Communications [Antenna Applications Corner]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 256-268.
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Two large and low-profile panel antenna arrays, used as receiving and transmitting antennas for mobile satellite communications, are described. The receiving and transmitting arrays have overall dimensions of 120 cm × 20.7 cm × 1.3cm and 107.5 cm × 20.4 cm × 1.7 cm, respectively. They exhibit high gains and adequate efficiencies, due to integrated array designs. For the receiving panel array, a method using a number of high-efficiency subarrays, combined with a novel active integrated global feed network, is proposed. For the transmitting panel array, a number of high-efficiency subarrays, together with a novel compact waveguide feed network, is employed. Based on the above techniques, two large panel antenna arrays were successfully developed. We present the detailed designs of the subarrays, the passive and active feed networks, and the vertical transitions. Simulated and experimental results showed that the designed receiving and transmitting panel arrays achieved measured gains and efficiencies of 34.1 dBi and 48.2%, and 33.5 dBi and 36.3%, respectively, in each band. This indicated that the proposed antenna panels are good candidates for future satellite communications applications. © 2011 IEEE.

Singh, U & Kamal, TS 2012, 'Synthesis of thinned planar concentric circular antenna arrays using biogeography-based optimisation', IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 822-829.
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Abstract: In this paper, we propose an optimization method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for thinning a large multiple concentric circular ring array of uniformly excited isotropic antennas and generate a pencil beam in the vertical plane with minimum relative side lobe level (SLL). The half-power beam width of the pattern is attempted to make equal to that of a fully populated array of same size and shape. The synthesis is performed with a standard particle swarm optimization technique as well as with an improved version of standard PSO. Simulation results of the proposed thinned array are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Siriteanu, C, Miyanaga, Y, Blostein, SD, Kuriki, S & Shi, X 2012, 'MIMO Zero-Forcing Detection Analysis for Correlated and Estimated Rician Fading', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3087-3099.
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Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Chen, W & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Multi-realization of nonlinear systems', AUTOMATICA, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1455-1461.
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The system multi-realization problem is to find a state-variable realization for a set of systems, sharing as many parameters as possible. A multi-realization can be used to efficiently implement a multi-controller architecture for multiple model adaptive control. We extend the linear multi-realization problem to nonlinear systems. The problem of minimal multi-realization of a set of MIMO systems is introduced and solved for static feedback linearizable systems.

Sun, X-C, Cui, H-Y, Liu, R-P, Chen, J-Y & Liu, Y-J 2012, 'Modeling deterministic echo state network with loop reservoir', Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 689-701.
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Echo state network (ESN), which efficiently models nonlinear dynamic systems, has been proposed as a special form of recurrent neural network. However, most of the proposed ESNs consist of complex reservoir structures, leading to excessive computational cost. Recently, minimum complexity ESNs were proposed and proved to exhibit high performance and low computational cost. In this paper, we propose a simple deterministic ESN with a loop reservoir, i.e., an ESN with an adjacentfeedback loop reservoir. The novel reservoir is constructed by introducing regular adjacent feedback based on the simplest loop reservoir. Only a single free parameter is tuned, which considerably simplifies the ESN construction. The combination of a simplified reservoir and fewer free parameters provides superior prediction performance. In the benchmark datasets and real-world tasks, our scheme obtains higher prediction accuracy with relatively low complexity, compared to the classic ESN and the minimum complexity ESN. Furthermore, we prove that all the linear ESNs with the simplest loop reservoir possess the same memory capacity, arbitrarily converging to the optimal value. © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

SUN, Y & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'A Noise-Robust Continuous Speech Recognition System Using Block-Based Dynamic Range Adjustment', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E95-D, no. 3, pp. 844-852.
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Takahashi, N, Dorrell, D & Guo, Y 2012, 'COMPUMAG 2011 Publication Chairs' Foreword', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 172-172.
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Teng, Q, Zhu, J, Wang, T & Lei, G 2012, 'Fault tolerant direct torque control of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors', WSEAS Transactions on Systems, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 465-476.
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The model of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with loss of one phase or loss of one transistor is built and its fault tolerant direct torque control (DTC) is investigated. Extra-leg extraswitch inverter is put to use in the post-fault operation. Two different flux estimators are employed in order to calculate stator flux linkage & their corresponding torque and switching table is kept the same as the case of DTC for the healthy motor. The parameters of PI controller and hysteresis controller are determined by differential evolution algorithm. Dynamic responses of both healthy and unhealthy PMSM DTC system adopting aforementioned two flux estimators are given to compare their performance via simulation and some discussion is presented. The simulation results show the proposed fault tolerant DTC yields satisfactory torque and speed control no matter which one of two flux estimators provided in the paper is employed.

Thi, TH, Cheng, L, Zhang, J, Wang, L & Satoh, S 2012, 'Integrating local action elements for action analysis', Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 378-395.
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In this paper, we propose a framework for human action analysis from video footage. A video action sequence in our perspective is a dynamic structure of sparse local spatial-temporal patches termed action elements, so the problems of action analysis in video are carried out here based on the set of local characteristics as well as global shape of a prescribed action. We first detect a set of action elements that are the most compact entities of an action, then we extend the idea of Implicit Shape Model to space time, in order to properly integrate the spatial and temporal properties of these action elements. In particular, we consider two different recipes to construct action elements: one is to use a Sparse Bayesian Feature Classifier to choose action elements from all detected Spatial Temporal Interest Points, and is termed discriminative action elements. The other one detects affine invariant local features from the holistic Motion History Images, and picks up action elements according to their compactness scores, and is called generative action elements. Action elements detected from either way are then used to construct a voting space based on their local feature representations as well as their global configuration constraints. Our approach is evaluated in the two main contexts of current human action analysis challenges, action retrieval and action classification. Comprehensive experimental results show that our proposed framework marginally outperforms all existing state-of-the-arts techniques on a range of different datasets. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thi, TH, Cheng, L, Zhang, J, Wang, L & Satoh, S 2012, 'Structured learning of local features for human action classification and localization', Image and Vision Computing, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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Human action recognition is a promising yet non-trivial computer vision field with many potential applications. Current advances in bag-of-feature approaches have brought significant insights into recognizing human actions within complex context. It is, however, a common practice in literature to consider action as merely an orderless set of local salient features. This representation has been shown to be oversimplified, which inherently limits traditional approaches from robust deployment in real-life scenarios. In this work, we propose and show that, by taking into account global configuration of local features, we can greatly improve recognition performance. We first introduce a novel feature selection process called Sparse Hierarchical Bayes Filter to select only the most contributive features of each action type based on neighboring structure constraints. We then present the application of structured learning in human action analysis. That is, by representing human action as a complex set of local features, we can incorporate different spatial and temporal feature constraints into the learning tasks of human action classification and localization. In particular, we tackle the problem of action localization in video using structured learning with two alternatives: one is Dynamic Conditional Random Field from probabilistic perspective; the other is Structural Support Vector Machine from max-margin point of view. We evaluate our modular classification-localization framework on various testbeds, in which our proposed framework is proven to be highly effective and robust compared against bag-of-feature methods. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 2012, 'Training Designs for Amplify-and-Forward Relaying With Spatially Correlated Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2864-2870.
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This paper proposes an optimal training design for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system, in which the source, relay, and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. Examined is the scenario when spatial correlation exists among the multiple

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 2012, 'Training signal designs for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems', IET Communications, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 2630-2638.
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Optimal training design and channel estimation for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is still an open research topic of great interest. This study first applies tractable semi-definite programming (SDP) to obtain the optimal training signal for the general case of spatial channel correlations for multi-user MIMO-OFDM. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the SDP-based solution, an approximate solution in closed-form is then presented. For a special case of transmit correlations, an optimal solution in closed-form expression is also derived. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed designs and their performance advantage over the existing equi-powered training designs

Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Increased dissipation from distributed etch holes in a lateral breathing mode silicon micromechanical resonator', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101, no. 2.
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Etch holes are commonly used design features when fabricating silicon-on-insulator micromechanical resonators to realize free standing structures. This paper shows that including etch-holes in a square-extensional mode resonator results in marked reduction of quality factor (Q) by 75%. The cause of this drop is explained by our finite element model used to theoretically estimate Q. These theoretical estimates agree well with measurement results. Our analyses show that anchor loss is dominant in a plain structure while etch holes increase thermoelastic damping to the point where both dissipation factors become comparable in determining the actual Q.

Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Thermoelastic Dissipation in Etch-Hole Filled Lamé Bulk-Mode Silicon Microresonators', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 450-452.
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Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Design and Characterization of Low-Loss Porous-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 2315-2325.
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Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Abana, H & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Stabilized Large Mode Area in Tapered Photonic Crystal Fiber for Stable Coupling', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 340-349.
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Wang Wenzhi, Ye Sheng, Liang Xianling, Jin Ronghong, Bird, TS, Guo, YJ & Geng Junping 2012, 'Even- and Odd-Mode Analysis of Thick and Wide Transverse Slot in Waveguides Based on a Variational Method', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 3349-3358.
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Based on a new variational method, an even- and odd-mode analysis of transverse coupling slot between waveguides is presented. The proposed method is capable of dealing with slots of finite wall thickness. It uses multiple incident waves with symmetry to simplify the field distribution in the vicinity of the slot, enabling the adoption of one-expansion-term trial functions with sufficient accuracy, even in the instance of wide slots. Analytical solutions are provided, and the calculated results demonstrate excellent agreement with those of numerical simulation. The computation time with the new formulation is, however, significantly shorter. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Wang, Z, Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Position Detection Strategy for Sensorless Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Motors at Low Speed Using Transient Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1003-1006.
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A novel solution for sensorless starting of conventional surface mounted PM motors is proposed. The strategy of the proposed scheme is to creatively formulate a combination of electromagnetic field with transient finite element method (FEM). The proposed solution is an improvement over and above conventional methods in that it is based on rotor position detection at zero speed with high frequency signal injection and back EMF detection. Previous researches tend to consider the induced signal from different winding terminals independently. The proposed methodology however exploits the induced voltage signals from two of the motor winding terminals, using the third terminal as the signal injection point. The strategy also eliminates the process of polarity tests. The relationship between the dependency of induced signals and the rotor position angle is summarized, and a simple motor starting scheme is proposed. Effects arising from the transient characteristics of the injected/induced signals are fully addressed using FEM.

Wijeratne, INM, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Numerical Analysis of Second Harmonic Generation in Soft Glass Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fibers', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 357-368.
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Xia, X, Zhang, J & Cass, W 2012, 'Energy management of commercial buildings – A case study from a POET perspective of energy efficiency', Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 23-31.
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This paper aims at analyzing the energy management activities for commercial buildings of a financial service company in South Africa by energy efficiency in terms of performance, operation, equipment and technology (POET). The sustainability of a general energy management program is discussed within this POET framework. As an application of this discussion to the commercial building scenario, the award winning energy management program of this financial service group company is featured from the POET perspective of energy efficiency. The case study shows that the POET based framework can not only cover all major energy management activities, but also identify further energy efficiency improvement opportunities.

Xiao, X, Xu, C, Wang, J & Xu, M 2012, 'Enhanced 3-D Modeling for Landmark Image Classification', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1246-1258.
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Landmark image classification is a challenging task due to the various circumstances, e.g., illumination, viewpoint, zoom in/out and occlusion under which landmark images are taken. Most existing approaches utilize features extracted from the whole image including both landmark and non-landmark areas. However, non-landmark areas introduce redundant and noisy information. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve landmark image classification consisting of three steps. First, an attention-based 3-D reconstruction method is proposed to reconstruct sparse 3-D landmark models. Second, the sparse 3-D models are projected onto iconic images in order to identify images of the hot regions. For a landmark, hot regions are parts of a landmark which attract photographers' attention and are popularly captured in photos. These hot region images are later used to enhance reconstructed sparse 3-D models. Third, the landmark regions are obtained through mapping the enhanced 3-D models to landmark images. A k-dimensional tree (kd-tree) is then constructed for each landmark based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) features extracted from the landmark area to classify unlabeled images into pre-defined landmark categories. The proposed method is evaluated using 291661 images of 51 landmarks. Experiments of comparison indicate that our method outperforms bag-of-words (BoW) based approach 18.5% and method of spatial-pyramid-matching using sparse-coding (ScSPM) 8.4%. © 2012 IEEE.

Xu, J, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Tang, Z 2012, 'Fast and Accurate Human Detection Using a Cascade of Boosted MS-LBP Features', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 676-679.
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In this letter, a new scheme for generating local binary patterns (LBP) is presented. This Modified Symmetric LBP (MS-LBP) feature takes advantage of LBP and gradient features. It is then applied into a boosted cascade framework for human detection. By combining MS-LBP with Haar-like feature into the boosted framework, the performances of heterogeneous features based detectors are evaluated for the best trade-off between accuracy and speed. Two feature training schemes, namely Single AdaBoost Training Scheme (SATS) and Dual AdaBoost Training Scheme (DATS) are proposed and compared. On the top of AdaBoost, two multidimensional feature projection methods are described. A comprehensive experiment is presented. Apart from obtaining higher detection accuracy, the detection speed based on DATS is 17 times faster than HOG method. © 1994-2012 IEEE.

Xu, M, He, X, Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Chia, L-T & Hu, Y 2012, 'Content on demand video adaptation based on MPEG-21 digital item adaptation', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
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One of the major objectives in multimedia research is to provide pervasive access and personalized use of multimedia information. Pervasive access of video data implies the access of cognitive and affective aspects of video content. Personalized use requires the services satisfy individual user's needs on video content. This article attempts to provide a content-on-demand (CoD) video adaptation solution by considering users' preference on cognitive content and affective content for video media in general, sports video and movies in particular. In this article, CoD video adaptation system is developed to support users' decision in selecting their content of interest and adaptively deliver video source by selecting relevant content and dropping frames while considering network conditions. First, video contents are annotated by the description schemes (DSs) provided by MPEG-7 multimedia description schemes (MDSs). Then, to achieve a generic adaptation solution, the adaptation is developed following MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) framework. We study the MPEG-21 reference software on XML generation and develop our own system for CoD video adaptation in three steps: (1) the content information is parsed from MPEG-7 annotation XML file together with bitstream to generate generic Bitstream Syntax Description (gBSD); (2) Users' preference, network characteristic and adaptation QoS (AQoS) are considered for making adaptation decision; (3) adaptation engine automatically parses adaptation decisions and gBSD to achieve adaptation. Unlike most existing adaptation work, the system adapts the content of interest in the video stream according to users' preference. We implement the above-mentioned MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards and provide a generic video adaptation solution. Adaptation based on gBSD avoids complex video computation. Thirty students from various departments were invited to assess the system and their responses have been positive. © 2012 Xu et al.

Xu, W, Lei, G, Wang, T, Yu, X, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Theoretical Research on New Laminated Structure Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Novel Topologic Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 4050-4053.
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In this paper, a novel configuration for University of Technology Sydney (UTS) plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is introduced which has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time. For continuous working, more strict requests are made to the drive machine, mainly including good thermal dissipation capability, high torque density, great flux weakening ability, etc. One new laminated structure flux switching permanent magnet machine (LSFSPMM) is proposed in this paper, which stator and rotor are laminated in parallel to the axis. It can make full use of PM flux linkage and reduce the core loss particularly in the high excitation frequency. Based on the 2D model prediction by finite element algorithm (FEA), LSFSPMM has lower cogging torque, higher torque density, greater flux weakening ability, higher efficiency, etc., and hence it can be regarded as one ideal candidate for the UTS PHEV drive system.

Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Single-Device and On-Chip Feedthrough Cancellation for Hybrid MEMS Resonators', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 4930-4937.
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Yang, X, Tao, X, Cui, Q & Jay Guo, Y 2012, 'Interference-constrained adaptive simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission scheme for unslotted cognitive radio network', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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Cognitive radio (CR) is widely recognized as a novel approach to improve the spectrum efficiency. However, there exists one problem needed to be resolved urgently, that is the two conflicting goals in CR network: one is to minimize the interference to primary (licensed) system; the other is to maximize the throughput of secondary (unlicensed) system. Meanwhile, the secondary user (SU) has to monitor the spectrum continuously to avoid the interference to primary user (PU), thus the throughput of the secondary system is affected by how often and how long the spectrum sensing is performed. Aiming to balance the two conflicting goals, this article proposes a novel Interference-Constrained Adaptive Simultaneous spectrum Sensing and data Transmission (ICASST) scheme for unslotted CR network, where SUs are not synchronized with PUs. In the ICASST scheme, taking advantage of the statistic information of PU’s activities, the data transmission time is adaptively adjusted to avoid the interference peculiar to unslotted CR network; the operation of spectrum sensing is moved to SU receiver from SU transmitter to increase the data transmission time and hence improve the throughput of SU. Simulation results validate the efficiency of ICASST scheme, which significantly increases the throughput of secondary system and decreases the interference to PU simultaneously. © 2012 Yang et al.

Yang, X, Tao, X, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Cui, Q 2012, 'Subsampled circulant matrix based analogue compressed sensing', Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 13, pp. 767-767.
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The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is an attractive analogue compressed sensing technique proposed recently. Unfortunately, the MWC has high hardware complexity owing to its parallel structure. To reduce the complexity, proposed is a novel subsampled circulant matrix based analogue compressed sensing (SCM-ACS) scheme. Using the cyclic shifts of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the SCM-ACS scheme reduces the number of physical parallel channels from m to 1 with larger processing time, where m ranges from several dozen to several hundred. It is proved that when m=O(r log 2 M log 3 r) the measurement matrix of the SCM-ACS scheme satisfies the restricted isometry property condition with probability 1-M -O(1), where M is the length of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, and r is the sparsity of the input signal. Simulation results show that the SCM-ACS scheme outperforms the MWC on recovery performance. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Yang, Y, Roy, SM, Karmakar, NC & Zhu, X 2012, 'A NOVEL NARROW BANDPASS FILTER FOR IMAGE REJECTION AND CHANNEL SELECTION IN A WIRELESS SLEEP APNOEA MONITORING SYSTEM', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 125, pp. 483-501.
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A highly compact bandpass filter (BPF) is designed with a capacitively-coupled compact ring resonator. The ground plane is perturbed with a combination of two inter-digital and two spiral defected ground structures (DGSs), which enhance the selectivity and suppress the higher order harmonics of the BPF respectively. The filter has a selectivity of 0.22 dB/MHz, passband insertion loss (IL) of 1.55 dB and bandwidth of 61MHz at 2.53 GHz. The proposed compact ring resonator yields a size reduction of 70.5% compared to a conventional ring resonator. This BPF is significant for wireless telemetry monitoring systems for physiological parameters including electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) using portable devices.

Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'A novel microstrip lowpass filter using compact microstrip resonant cells and uniquely shaped defected ground structures', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2462-2464.
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AbstractA novel microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) with high selectivity and wide stopband is proposed in this letter.The proposed LPF consists of three compact microstrip resonant cells, two E‐shaped feed‐lines on the top layer and four defected ground structure (DGS) slots on the ground plane. The top layer LPF is designed to have a sharp roll‐off characteristic, whereas the engineered DGS slots on the ground plane are used to reduce the passband ripples and extend the stopband bandwidth of the proposed LPF. A selectivity of 53.4 dB/GHz is achieved. The stopband with an attenuation level of 20 dB is obtained from 2.96 to 13.2 GHz. The filter is optimally designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulated and measured results are presented, which show a good agreement between simulation and measurement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2462–2464, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27126

Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'Compact microstrip lowpass filter for harmonics suppression using a new defected ground structure', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1385-1387.
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AbstractA compact microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) for harmonics suppression is proposed. An open stub LPF with uniquely shaped defect ground structure cells is used to optimize the LPF performance. A stopband attenuation of greater than 20 dB is obtained from 3.42 GHz to more than 18 GHz. The physical size of the proposed LPF, excluding transmission lines, is only 10 × 15 mm2. Good agreements between simulation and measurements are observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1385–1387, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26809

Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'Microstrip lowpass filter based on split ring and complementary split ring resonators', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1723-1726.
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AbstractA novel split ring and complementary split ring resonator is proposed in this letter.The proposed resonator can generate two notches without increasing the physical size. A microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) is designed based on the proposed resonator. The cutoff frequency of the designed LPF is 3.7 GHz and the stopband with an attenuation level lower than −20 dB is obtained from 3.9 to 7.5 GHz. The selectivity is calculated to be 85 dB/GHz. The physical size of the LPF with transmission lines is 29 × 6 mm2. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1723–1726, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26887

YOSHIZAWA, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'Design of Area- and Power-Efficient Pipeline FFT Processors for 8x8 MIMO-OFDM Systems', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E95-A, no. 2, pp. 550-558.
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Yue, XD, Miao, DQ, Zhang, N, Cao, LB & Wu, Q 2012, 'Multiscale roughness measure for color image segmentation', Information Sciences, vol. 216, pp. 93-112.
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Color image segmentation is always an important technique in image processing system. Highly precise segmentation with low computation complexity can be achieved through roughness measurement which approximate the color histogram based on rough set theory. However, due to the imprecise description of neighborhood similarity, the existing roughness measure tends to over-focus on the trivial homogeneous regions but is not accurate enough to measure the color homogeneity. This paper aims to construct a multiscale roughness measure through simulating the human vision. We apply the theories of linear scale-space and rough sets to generate the hierarchical roughness of color distribution under multiple scales. This multiscale roughness can tolerate the disturbance of trivial regions and also can provide the multilevel homogeneity representation in vision, which therefore produces precise and intuitive segmentation results. Furthermore, we propose roughness entropy for scale selection. The optimal scale for segmentation is decided by the entropy variation. The proposed method shows the encouraging performance in the experiments based on Berkeley segmentation database. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Yuwono, M, Moulton, BD, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Unsupervised machine-learning method for improving the performance of ambulatory fall-detection systems', BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE, vol. 11, pp. 1-11.
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Background: Falls can cause trauma, disability and death among older people. Ambulatory accelerometer devices are currently capable of detecting falls in a controlled environment. However, research suggests that most current approaches can tend to have insufficient sensitivity and specificity in non-laboratory environments, in part because impacts can be experienced as part of ordinary daily living activities. Method: We used a waist-worn wireless tri-axial accelerometer combined with digital signal processing, clustering and neural network classifiers. The method includes the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform, Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization, Gaussian Distribution of Clustered Knowledge and an ensemble of classifiers including a multilayer perceptron and Augmented Radial Basis Function (ARBF) neural networks. Results: Preliminary testing with 8 healthy individuals in a home environment yields 98.6% sensitivity to falls and 99.6% specificity for routine Activities of Daily Living (ADL) data. Single ARB and MLP classifiers were compared with a combined classifier. The combined classifier offers the greatest sensitivity, with a slight reduction in specificity for routine ADL and an increased specificity for exercise activities. In preliminary tests, the approach achieves 100% sensitivity on in-group falls, 97.65% on out-group falls, 99.33% specificity on routine ADL, and 96.59% specificity on exercise ADL. Conclusion: The pre-processing and feature-extraction steps appear to simplify the signal while successfully extracting the essential features that are required to characterize a fall. The results suggest this combination of classifiers can perform better than MLP alone. Preliminary testing suggests these methods may be useful for researchers who are attempting to improve the performance of ambulatory fall detection systems.

Zhan, Y, Wang, H & Zhu, J 2012, 'Modelling and control of hybrid UPS system with backup PEM fuel cell/battery', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1322-1331.
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This paper describes the dynamics modelling of a practical and cost-effective DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter and AC/DC rectifier for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and battery. Further

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 2012, 'Linear Coordinate-Descent Message Passing for Quadratic Optimization', Neural Computation, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3340-3370.
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In this letter, we propose a new message-passing algorithm for quadratic optimization. The design of the new algorithm is based on linear coordinate descent between neighboring nodes. The updating messages are in a form of linear functions as compared to the min-sum algorithm of which the messages are in a form of quadratic functions. As a result, the linear coordinate-descent (LiCD) algorithm transmits only one parameter per message as opposed to the min-sum algorithm, which transmits two parameters per message. We show that when the quadratic matrix is walk-summable, the LiCD algorithm converges. By taking the LiCD algorithm as a subroutine, we also fix the convergence issue for a general quadratic matrix. The LiCD algorithm works in either a synchronous or asynchronous message-passing manner. Experimental results show that for a general graph with multiple cycles, the LiCD algorithm has comparable convergence speed to the min-sum algorithm, thereby reducing the number of parameters to be transmitted and the computational complexity.

Zhang, G, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 2012, 'Optimal Index Assignment for Multiple Description Scalar Quantization With Translated Lattice Codebooks', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 4444-4451.
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Zhang, H, Xia, X & Zhang, J 2012, 'Optimal sizing and operation of pumping systems to achieve energy efficiency and load shifting', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 86, pp. 41-50.
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Zhang, J, Li, N, Yang, Q & Hu, C 2012, 'Self-adaptive chaotic differential evolution algorithm for solving constrained circular packing problem', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 8, no. 18, pp. 7747-7755.
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Circles packing into a circular container with equilibrium constraint is a NP hard layout optimization problem. It has a broad application in engineering. This paper studies a two-dimensional constrained packing problem. Classical differential evolution for solving this problem is easy to fall into local optima. An adaptive chaotic differential evolution algorithm is proposed to improve the performance in this paper. The weighting parameters are dynamically adjusted by chaotic mutation in the searching procedure. The penalty factors of the fitness function are modified during iteration. To keep the diversity of the population, we limit the population's concentration. To enhance the local search capability, we adopt adaptive mutation of the global optimal individual. The improved algorithm can maintain the basic algorithm's structure as well as extend the searching scales, and can hold the diversity of population as well as increase the searching accuracy. Furthermore, our improved algorithm can escape from premature and speed up the convergence. Numerical examples indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. © 2012 Binary Information Press.

Zhang, J, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Li, H, Zhang, Q, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2012, 'Finite Element Analysis and Evaluation of Stator Insulation in High Voltage Synchronous Motor', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 955-958.
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In this paper, two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is used to compute the electric field in stator slot of a synchronous motor. The electrical insulation between the conductors and the edges of slot is evaluated. The relationship between size o

Zhang, JA & Huang, X 2012, 'Autocorrelation Based Coarse Timing with Differential Normalization', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 526-530.
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Two novel differential normalization factors, depending on the severity of carrier frequency offset, are proposed for autocorrelation based coarse timing scheme. Compared with the conventional normalization factor based on signal energy, they improve the robustness of the timing metric to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), improve the mainlobe sharpness of the timing metric and reduce both missed detection and false alarm probabilities. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X & Suzuki, H 2012, 'Phase-Shifted Interpolation for Complex Signals', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1466-1469.
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This letter proposes simple algorithms for computing a phase shift term, which is introduced to greatly improve the accuracy of complex signal interpolation, applicable to any interpolator. Based on a cost function targeting at minimizing the phase transition between adjacent samples, the phase shift term can be easily computed using either signal statistics obtained in advance or known base samples in real time. Simulation results, exemplified for channel interpolation in OFDM systems, show that the proposed phase estimators can significantly improve the interpolation performance for various interpolators such as spline, low-pass filter, and linear and cubic polynomial interpolators, compared to the case without phase shifting. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Cantoni, A & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Sidelobe Suppression with Orthogonal Projection for Multicarrier Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 589-599.
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Sidelobe suppression, or out-of-band emission reduction, in multicarrier systems is conventionally achieved via time-domain windowing which is spectrum inefficient. Although some sidelobe cancellation and signal predistortion techniques have been proposed for spectrum shaping, they are generally not well balanced between complexity and suppression performance. In this paper, an efficient and low-complexity sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection (SSOP) scheme is proposed. The SSOP scheme uses an orthogonal projection matrix for sidelobe suppression, and adopts as few as one reserved subcarrier for recovering the distorted signal in the receiver. Unlike most known approaches, the SSOP scheme requires multiplications as few as the number of subcarriers in the band, and enables straightforward selection of parameters. Analytical and simulation results show that more than 50dB sidelobe suppression can be readily achieved with only a slight degradation in receiver performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, Y, Chen, W, Su, SW & Celler, B 2012, 'Nonlinear modelling and control for heart rate response to exercise', International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications, vol. 8, no. 5/6, pp. 397-397.
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In order to accurately regulate cardiovascular response to exercise for individual exerciser, this study proposes a modelling and control integrated approach based on ε-insensitive Support Vector Regression (SVR) and switching control strategy. Firstly, a control oriented modelling approach is proposed to depict nonlinear behaviours of cardiovascular response at both onset and offset of treadmill exercises by using support vector machine regression. Then, based on the established nonlinear time-variant model, a novel switching Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm has been proposed for the optimisation of exercise efforts. The designed controller can take into account both coefficient drifting and parameter jump by embedding the identified model coefficient into the optimiser and adopting switching strategy during the transfer between onset and offset of exercises. The effectiveness of the proposed modelling and control approach was shown from the regulation of dynamical heart rate response to exercise through simulation using MATLAB.

Zhang, Y, Miyanaga, Y & Siriteanu, C 2012, 'Robust Speech Recognition with Dynamic Time Warping and Nonlinear Median Filter', Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 147-157.
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Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Zhao, Z, Xu, W & Dorrell, DG 2012, 'An Improved Direct Torque Control for Three-Level Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Sensorless Drive', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1502-1513.
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A sensorless three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter-fed induction motor drive is proposed in this paper. The conventional direct torque control (DTC) switching table fails to consider the circuit limitations, such as neutral-point-balance and smooth vector switching, caused by the topology of a three-level inverter. Two kinds of modified schemes for three-level DTC are proposed to solve these problems. They also provide performance enhancement while maintaining robustness and simplicity. Fuzzy logic control and the speed-adaptive flux observer (with novel gain and load toque observation) are introduced to enhance the performance of the system. The issue of large starting current is investigated and solved by introducing the technique of preexcitation. A 32-bit fixed-point DSP-based motor drive is developed to achieve high-performance sensorless control over a wide speed range. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is confirmed by simulation implementation and experimental validation.

Zhao, Y, Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Parameterized Mesh Generation and Refinement Method for Finite Element Parameter Sweeping Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 239-242.
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A parameterized mesh generation and refinement method is presented for parameter sweeping analysis of electromagnetic designs. The advantages of the method are distinct in that the method is remeshing-free, thus it can significantly reduce the numerical

Zheng, F-C, Correia, L, Guo, YJ, O'Farrell, T & Madan, R 2012, 'Guest Editorial', Journal of Communications, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 713-715.
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Zheng, L, Hoang, DB & Li, M 2012, 'Wireless Hybrid QoS Architecture with an Enhancement of Fair Intelligent Congestion Control', Wireless Engineering and Technology, vol. 03, no. 03, pp. 113-124.
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More subtle and explicit QoS control mechanisms are required at the radio access level, even though the simple and scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS control model is acceptable for the core of the network. At the radio access level, available resources are severely limited and the degree of traffic aggregation is not significant, thus rendering the DiffServ principles less effective. In this paper we present a suitable hybrid QoS architecture framework to address the problem. At the wireless access end, the local QoS mechanism is designed in the context of IEEE 802.11 WLAN with 802.11e QoS extensions; so streams of those session-based applications are admitted, established according to the traffic profile they require, and guaranteed. As the core in the Admission Control of the hybrid QoS architecture, the Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) algorithm is applied to provide fairness among traffic aggregates and control congestion at the bottleneck interface between the wireless link and the network core via mechanisms of packet scheduling, buffer management, feedback and adjustments. It manages effectively the overloading scenario by preventing traffic violation from uncontrolled traffic, and providing guarantee to the priority traffic in terms of guaranteed bandwidth allocation and specified delay

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2012, 'Performance Analysis of an HTS Magnetic Suspension and Propulsion System With a Double-Sided HTS Linear Synchronous Motor', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 655-658.
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A novel HTS magnetic suspension and propulsion system driven by a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) has been developed, which is suspended by an HTS magnetic suspension subsystem located on the bottom of the HTSLSM secondary mover. The s

Zhou, J, Su, S, Guo, AH & Chen, WD 2012, 'Abnormalities Detection of IMU Based on PCA in Motion Monitoring', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 224, no. 1, pp. 533-538.
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Inertial measurement units (IMU) are used as an affordable and effective remote measurement method for health monitoring in body sensor networks (BSNs) based on tracking people’s daily motions and activities. These inertial sensors are mostly micro-electro-mechanical systems with a combination of multi-axis combinations of precision gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers to sense multiple degrees of freedom (DoF).Unfortunately in the process of motion monitoring actual sensor outputs may contain some abnormalities, which might result in the misinterpretations of activities. In this paper, we use Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with Hotelling’s T2 and SPE statistic to detect abnormal data in the process of motion monitoring with IMU to ensure the reliability and accuracy in application. The simulated results prove this method is effective and feasible.

Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Reversed Nonlinear Oscillations in Lamé-Mode Single-Crystal-Silicon Microresonators', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1492-1494.
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Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'System-level circuit simulation of nonlinearity in micromechanical resonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 186, pp. 15-20.
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Zhu, H, Chu, Q-X & Tian, X-K 2012, 'Compact UWB bandpass filter using folded-T-shaped resonator with a notch-band', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1366-1373.
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Zhu, J, Lu, J & Nafalki, A 2012, 'COMPUMAG 2011 Chairmen's Foreword', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 171-171.
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Adistambha, K, Davis, S, Ritz, CH, Stirling, D & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Toward human motion search using fingerprinting', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 1033-1038.
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This paper investigates a 'fingerprinting' technique for describing human motion sequences. This work shows that human motion fingerprints can facilitate the search of human motion within large databases, similar to the fingerprinting approach used for the search of audio and image databases. This paper investigates the extraction of a reliable set of features from human motion capture data sequences that can be combined to generate a unique fingerprint. Results show that the fingerprints could be used to reliably differentiate between unique motions. © 2012 IEEE.

Afshar, S, Kavehei, O, van Schaik, A, Tapson, J, Skafidas, S & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Emergence of competitive control in a memristor-based neuromorphic circuit', The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane), IEEE.
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Recent work in neuroscience is revealing how the blowfly rapidly detects orientation using neural circuits distributed directly behind its photo receptors. These circuits like all biological systems rely on timing, competition, feedback, and energy optimization. The recent realization of the passive memristor device, the so-called fourth fundamental passive element of circuit theory, assists with making low power biologically inspired parallel analog computation achievable. Building on these developments, we present a memristor-based neuromorphic competitive control (mNCC) circuit, which utilizes a single sensor and can control the output of N actuators delivering optimal scalable performance, and immunity from device variation and environmental noise. © 2012 IEEE.

Aguilera, RP, Lezana, P & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'A switched Model Predictive Control formulation for Flying Capacitor Converters', 2012 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC), 2012 EPE-ECCE Europe Congress, IEEE, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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This work presents a switched Model Predictive Control (MPC) formulation for Flying Capacitor Converters (FCC's). The key idea of our proposal is to use standard Finite Control Set MPC (FCS-MPC) to lead the system to a region near to the desired reference, e.g. during reference changes. Once the system state is close to the reference, the optimal solution of Explicit MPC will be used to finally achieve the desired reference. The actuation of this local controller will be modulated using a PWM stage. As an illustrative example we apply this proposal to control an FCC. Thus, the output current control as well as the balancing of the floating voltages will be achieved with a zero steady state error and a constant switching frequency. © 2012 IEEE.

Ahad, MT, Dyson, L & Gay, V 1970, 'Towards an M-banking framework for rural SMEs in Bangladesh', INNOVATION VISION 2020: SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, VOLS 1-4, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1153-1164.
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This research aims at discovering factors which impact on the intention of rural SME owners and managers to adopt m-banking in Bangladesh. Over the last ten years, a wide spectrum of mbanking frameworks has emerged that offers new insights into the adoption and acceptance of mbanking. However, m-banking has still not been extended to rural Bangladesh. To fill the gap this research surveyed 550 SMEs owners/managers in four rural villages. The result indicates that poor banking facilities, cost, credibility, gender, education and SME category are the main factors that significantly influence the intention to adopt m-banking. The analysis introduces three factors which have been largely overlooked in prior literature. The study broadens our understanding of m-banking and provides insights into developing m-banking strategies in Bangladesh. This research will be of potential value in accelerating the development of m-banking in Bangladesh

AL Sabbagh, A, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'A power efficient RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 997-1002.
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The Fourth Generation of wireless network (4G) is a heterogeneous network where different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) are integrated. This requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support efficient utilization of radio resources and to provide the required Quality of Service (QoS) for allocated calls. RAT selection algorithms are an important part of CRRM. This paper proposes an intelligent hybrid power efficient RAT selection algorithm (patent pending1). It is a battery power saver algorithm which includes sorting available RATs, collecting information on each RAT using the IEEE P1900.4 Protocol, and making decisions for selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. The proposed power efficient algorithm is compared to centralized and distributed algorithms in terms of new call blocking and Vertical Handover (VHO) call dropping probabilities. Users' satisfactions probability and saving battery power percentage are also compared. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the centralized and distributed algorithms in terms of blocking, dropping and users' satisfactions probabilities. The proposed and the distributed algorithms have similar performance in term of saving battery power, and both perform better than the centralized algorithm. © 2012 IEEE.

Al Sabbagh, A, Braun, RM & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Interaction of Radio Resource Management in Heterogeneous wireless Networks', 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 34-35.

AlAamri, H, Safaei, F, Abolhasan, M & Franklin, DR 1970, 'Location-Based Utilization for Unidirectional Links in MANETs', Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, XPS (Xpert Publishing Services) / IARIA, Venice, Italy, pp. 248-253.
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AbstractHeterogeneous Mobile Ad hoc Network(HMANET) comprises different nodes with different capabilities. Hence, transmission and receiving capabilities aredifferent. This causes unidirectionality problem. Avoidances is the most used strategy in researches to route data, e.g., Blacklist. In this paper, we proposed a strategy for on-demand routing protocols to detect unidirectional link and resolve it in timely fashion. This strategy is based on utilizing locations of nodes to filter and cache incoming RREQ packets to find reliable path to destination in the existence of unidirectional links. Simulation results show that our strategy outperforms Blacklist strategy in homogeneous and heterogeneous MANET.

Ali, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Critical parameter analysis and LQR control for the distribution system with DFIG', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE, San Diego, CA.
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Arya, V & Veitch, D 1970, 'Sparsity without the Complexity: Loss Localisation Using Tree Measurements', NETWORKING 2012 Proceedings, Part I (LNCS), International IFIP-TC Networking Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 289-303.
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We study network loss tomography based on observing average loss rates over a set of paths forming a tree – a severely underdetermined linear problem for the unknown link loss probabilities. We examine in detail the role of sparsity as a regularising principle, pointing out that the problem is technically distinct from others in the compressed sensing literature. While sparsity has been applied in the context of tomography, key questions regarding uniqueness and recovery remain unanswered. Our work exploits the tree structure of path measurements to derive sufficient conditions for sparse solutions to be unique and the condition that ℓ1 minimization recovers the true underlying solution. We present a fast single-pass linear algorithm for ℓ1 minimization and prove that a minimum ℓ1 solution is both unique and sparsest for tree topologies. By considering the placement of lossy links within trees, we show that sparse solutions remain unique more often than is commonly supposed. We prove similar results for a noisy version of the problem.

Athab, H, Yazdani, A, Wu, B & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'A single-switch single-stage quasi-active PFC converter with bus voltage following peak input voltage', IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 3762-3767.
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In this paper a new single-switch quasi- active power factor correction (PFC) converter based on two flyback dc/dc modules is proposed. To achieve high efficiency, part of the input power is directly transferred to the load by dc/dc flyback module 1. The rest of the input power is stored in the dc bus capacitor and reprocessed by a smaller dc/dc flyback module 2. The dc bus capacitor and the dc/dc module 2 also serve as a regenerative snubber. Due to the direct power transfer, lower voltage stress on the dc bus capacitor is achieved. A quasi-active PFC circuit is added to improve the power factor. The quasiactive PFC circuit is driven by a magnetic switch using a third winding coupled to the transformer of the dc/dc module 1. The input current harmonics of the proposed converter can easily meet IEC 61000-3-2 Class D requirements. The dc bus capacitor voltage is always equal the peak input voltage regardless of the load condition. Operating principles, analysis, and simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. © 2012 IEEE.

Azabi, Y, Agrawal, A, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Residual Dispersion Compensation with a Spiral PCF', Advanced Photonics Congress, Specialty Optical Fibers, OSA.
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Bargi, A, Da Xu, RY & Piccardi, M 1970, 'An online HDP-HMM for joint action segmentation and classification in motion capture data', 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops), IEEE, Providence RI, USA, pp. 1-7.
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Since its inception, action recognition research has mainly focused on recognizing actions from closed, predefined sets of classes. Conversely, the problem of recognizing actions from open, possibly incremental sets of classes is still largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose a novel online method based on the âsticky❠hierarchical Dirichlet process and the hidden Markov model [11, 5]. This approach, labelled as the online HDP-HMM, provides joint segmentation and classification of actions while a) processing the data in an online, recursive manner, b) discovering new classes as they occur, and c) adjusting its parameters over the streaming data. In a set of experiments, we have applied the online HDP-HMM to recognize actions from motion capture data from the TUM kitchen dataset, a challenging dataset of manipulation actions in a kitchen [12]. The results show significant accuracy in action classification, time segmentation and determination of the number of action classes

Batool, U, Rehman, A, Khalil, N, Islam, M, Afzal, MU & Tauqeer, T 1970, 'Energy extraction from RF/ Microwave signal', 2012 15th International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), 2012 15th International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), IEEE, Riphah Int Univ, Islamabad, PAKISTAN, pp. 165-170.
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Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Compositional Logic for Proof of Correctness of Proposed UDT Security Mechanisms', 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS (AINA), International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (was ICOIN), IEEE, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 686-694.
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We present an approach to analyze the applicability and secrecy properties of the selected security mechanisms when implemented with UDT. This approach extends applicability refinement methodology with symbolic model in UDT implementations. In our approach, we carry out a formal proof of correctness, therefore, determining applicability, using formal composition logic. This approach is modular, comprising a separate proof of each protocol section and providing insight into the network environment in which each section can be reliably employed. Moreover, the proof holds for a variety of failure recovery strategies and other implementation and configuration options. We derive our technique from the protocol composite logic on TLS and Kerberos in the literature. We, maintain, however, the novelty of our work for UDT specifically our newly developed mechanisms such as UDT-AO, UDT-DTLS, UDT-Kerberos(GSS-API) specifically for UDT.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Symbolic Analysis of the Proposed UDT Security Architecture', 2012 26th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2012 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), IEEE, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 171-176.
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In this paper, we analyze our UDT security architecture using rewrite based systems and automata. We present and use symbolic analysis approach to effectively verify our proposed architecture. This approach allows dataflow replication in the implementation of selected mechanisms integrated into the proposed architecture. We consider this approach effective by utilizing the properties of the rewrite systems to represent specific flows of the architecture to present a theoretical and reliable method to perform the analysis. We introduce abstract representation of the components that composes the architecture and conduct our analysis, through structural, semantics and query analyses. The result of this work, which is first in the literature, is a more robust theoretical and practical representation of a viable security architecture of UDT that is applicable to other high speed network protocols

Bin Qin, Xu, W, Nian Liu, Zhang, Y, Jiefeng Hu & Zhu, J 1970, 'Theoretical research on short circuit fault of rotor inner winding in large turbo generator', IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Montreal, Canada, pp. 6218-6223.
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This paper analyzes the rotor magnetic potential distribution of one large turbo generator both in normal and rotor inner winding short-circuit fault states. By the influence of short fault, the second harmonic current of the stator winding will induce one half and one two-third harmonic currents to the stator winding and the rotor winding respectively. Furthermore, it also analyzes theoretically the effect of inter-turn short circuit on characteristic parameters, which include the stator current, the stator voltage, the rotor current, the rotor voltage, and the active/reactive power. Then a method is proposed to predict or identify different practical faults in details, which is on the base of the relative variation laws of those characteristic parameters varying with the severity of the rotor inter-turn short circuit fault. The fault criterion of rotor inter turn short-circuit on-line identification has been investigated, which can estimate different types of faults. Finally, theoretical analysis based on simulation in Simulink/Matlab is carried out by using the dynamic short-circuit model of large turbo generator units. This paper could give good guidance for the judgment of the rotor inner winding short-circuit fault of large turbo generator by the right choice of characteristic parameters.

Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Multi-dimensional Information Space View of Wireless Sensor Networks with Optimization Applications', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (EUROCAST), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 146-152.
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This paper presents an optimization example using a new paradigm for viewing the work of Wireless Sensor Networks. In our earlier paper [1] the Observed Field (OF) is described as a multi-dimensional 'Information Space' (ISp). The Wireless Sensor Network is described as a 'Transformation Space' (TS), while the information collector is a single point consumer of information, described as an 'Information Sink' (ISi). Formal mathematical descriptions were suggested for the OF and the ISp. We showed how the TS can be formally thought of as a multi-dimensional transform function between ISp and ISi. It can be aggregated into a notional multi-dimensional value between {0,1}. In this paper, this formal mathematical description is used to create a genetic algorithm based optimization strategy for creating routes through the TS, using a cost function based on mutual information. The example uses a connectivity array, a mutual information array and the PBIL algorithm. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Braun, R, Chaczko, Z, Neilson, M & Aslanzadeh, S 1970, 'A practical approach for redesigning system engineering processes', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Istanbul, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the methodology of applying Business Process Reengineering and Total Quality Management principles to a model a telecommunications service and infrastructure provider company. By applying these principles to existing processes this paper aims to provide redefined and reengineered processes for consideration of implementation into the company's business model. The processes that this paper is focusing on are purely engineering based processes and as such, do not represent, change or consider processes outside of the engineering department. The overall aim of this paper is to demonstrate a typical use of methodology and ICT tools that can be used for training students in the improvement of engineering processes and to enable them to design a more streamlined and productive work environment. © 2012 IEEE.

Burnett, I 1970, 'Welcome message from the general chair', 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2012), IEEE.
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Cantoni, A, Jian Zhang, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection for OFDM systems', 2012 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW), 2012 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW), IEEE, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 37-42.
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Sidelobe suppression, or out-of-band emission reduction, in OFDM systems can be achieved via time-domain windowing but this may result in significantly reduced spectrum efficiency. Alternatively, sidelobe cancellation and signal predistortion techniques have been proposed for spectrum shaping, but schemes achieving a good balance between complexity and performance are yet to be developed. In this paper, an efficient and low-complexity technique referred to as 'sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection' (SSOP) scheme is proposed. An analysis of the SNR performance and robustness characteristics of the proposed technique are also presented. Numerical results show that significant sidelobe suppression can be readily achieved with slight receiver performance degradation. © 2012 IEEE.

Chaczko, Z & Szymanski, J 1970, 'Teaching multidisciplinary engineering using concepts and technology of WSN', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-7.
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Topic(s) : Communication, Networking & Broadcasting ; Computing & Processing (Hardware/Software) ; General Topics for Engineers (Math, Science & Engineering) Conference Location : Istanbul Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-2332-1 INSPEC Accession Number: 12882984 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/ITHET.2012.6246055 Date of Current Version : 23 July 2012 Issue Date : 21-23 June 2012

Chaczko, Z, Klempous, R, Nikodem, J & Aslanzadeh, S 1970, 'Group-work teaching and learning involving 3 Time Zones (3TZ) model of collaboration in the global workspace', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-7.
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This paper discusses concepts of group-work teaching and learning of practice based subjects within ICT engineering programs using 3 Time Zones (3TZ) collaborative, global workspace environment. The methodology intends to explore and evaluate a new collaborative framework for teaching system analysis and design, as well as software engineering in higher education, using new convergent technologies. The project is compatible with a model of teaching and learning that involves a blend of three interrelated features: an integrated exposure to professional practice and multidisciplinary skills, a practice situated in a global environment, as well as a research inspired and integrated learning. © 2012 IEEE.

Chai, R, Hunter, GP, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Real-Time Microcontroller based Brain Computer Interface for Mental Task Classifications using Wireless EEG Signals from Two Channels', Biomedical Engineering / 765: Telehealth / 766: Assistive Technologies, Biomedical Engineering, ACTAPRESS, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 336-342.
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A brain computer interface (BCI) using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activities could provide severely disabled people with alternative means of control and communication. In a practical system, portability, low power and real-time operation are the keys requirements. This could be accomplished by using an embedded microcontroller based system. The main contribution of this paper shows the development of a real-time BCI prototype system to classify groups of mental tasks based on such a system. The relevant mental tasks used are mental arithmetic, figure rotation, letter composing, visual counting and eyes closed action. Moreover, the system uses a separate two channels only wireless EEG measurement module with the active positions at parietal and occipital lobes. The result shows the wireless EEG module has a good performance with a CMRR of more than 95dB. In addition, the size of the module is small (36×36 mm 2) and current consumption is low enough to operate off a 3V coin cell battery. The mental tasks were classified using a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. An accuracy of around 70% was achieved with bit rate at around 0.4 bits/trial for six subjects tested to select between three separate mental tasks.

Chai, R, Ling, SH, Hunter, GP, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Mental Non-motor Imagery Tasks Classifications of Brain Computer Interface for Wheelchair Commands Using Genetic Algorithm-Based Neural Network', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 978-984.
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A genetic algorithm (GA)-based neural network classification in the application of brain computer interface (BCI) for controlling a wheelchair is presented in this paper. This study uses an electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive BCI approach to discriminate three non-motor imagery mental tasks for disabled individuals who may have difficulty in using BCI based motor imagery tasks. The three tasks classification is mapped into three wheelchair movements: left, right and forward and the relevant combination mental tasks used in this study are mental arithmetic, letter composing, Rubik's cube rolling, visual counting, ringtone imagery and spatial navigation. The results show the proposed system provides good classification performance after selecting the most effective of three discriminative tasks across combination of the different non-motor imagery mental tasks for the five subjects tested. The average classification accuracy is between 76% and 85 %, with information transfer rates varies from 0.5 to 0.8 bits per trial.

Chai, R, Ling, SH, Hunter, GP, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Mental Task Classifications using Prefrontal Cortex Electroencephalograph Signals', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1831-1834.
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For an electroencephalograph (EEG)-based brain computer interface (BCI) application, the use of gel on the hair area of the scalp is needed for low impedance electrical contact. This causes the set up procedure to be time consuming and inconvenient for a practical BCI system. Moreover, studies of other cortical areas are useful for BCI development. As a more convenient alternative, this paper presents the EEG based-BCI using the prefrontal cortex non-hair area to classify mental tasks at three electrodes position: Fp1, Fpz and Fp2. The relevant mental tasks used are mental arithmetic, ringtone, finger tapping and words composition with additional tasks which are baseline and eyes closed. The feature extraction is based on the Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) energy method and the classification algorithm is based on an artificial neural network (ANN) with genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. The results show that the dominant alpha wave during eyes closed can still clearly be detected in the prefrontal cortex. The classification accuracy for five subjects, mental tasks vs. baseline task resulted in average accuracy is 73% and the average accuracy for pairs of mental task combinations is 72%. © 2012 IEEE.

Chai, R, Ling, SH, Hunter, GP, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Toward Fewer EEG Channels and Better Feature Extractor of Non-Motor Imagery Mental Tasks Classification for a Wheelchair Thought Controller', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 5266-5269.
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This paper presents a non-motor imagery tasks classification electroencephalography (EEG) based brain computer interface (BCI) for wheelchair control. It uses only two EEG channels and a better feature extractor to improve the portability and accuracy in the practical system. In addition, two different features extraction methods, power spectral density (PSD) and Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) energy are compared to find a better method with improved classification accuracy using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based neural network classifier. The results from five subjects show that using the original eight channels with three tasks, accuracy between 76% and 85% is achieved. With only two channels in combination with the best chosen task using a PSD feature extractor, the accuracy is reduced to between 65% and 79%. However, the HHT based method provides an improved accuracy between 70% and 84% for the classification of three discriminative tasks using two EEG channels. © 2012 IEEE.

Chaiwongsai, J, Chiracharit, W, Chamnongthai, K, Miyanaga, Y & Higuchi, K 1970, 'Reduced complexity tone classifier for automatic tonal speech recognizer', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Che, E, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Relay selection in multi-user amplify-forward wireless relay networks', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 2485-2488.
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For multi-user (MU) amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative networks, their spectral efficiency can be upgraded within the orthogonal transmission of each source node to an assigned subset of all available relays while their information throughput can be improved through optimized power allocation. We consider the joint optimization in both relay assignment for each source-destination pair and power allocation, which is in fact among the hardest problems in optimization. This is the minimization of a nonconvex objective function subject to mixed integer constraints. The existing numerical algorithms could rarely address to its solutions through computationally affordable procedures. Even the conventional relaxation of the integer constraints by linear constraints does not lead to convex optimization, so the standard convexification does not work either. Nevertheless, we show that it can be effectively solved in the d.c. (difference of two convex) programming context. Numerical simulation confirms the effectiveness of our setting.

Che, E, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Ngo, HQ 1970, 'Bregman divergence based sensor selections for spectrum sensing', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2648-2652.
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Sensor selection is to pick out an appropriate subset of active sensors for reliable collaborative sensing. Naturally, the selected sensors should be as uncorrelated as possible to have more independent sensing outputs for information fusion. In this paper, various uncorrelation metrics are unified by the concept of Bregman divergence. The sensor selections are then systematically formulated as NP-hard integer programs. Unlike commonly used exhaustive enumeration, heuristic searches or simple relaxation of discrete constraints with inherent drawbacks, this paper recasts them into a continuous d.c. (difference of two convex functions) program under convex constraints. Accordingly, an efficient iterative optimization procedure is tailored for locating the optimal solution. Simulation results show its superior performances in comparison with other existing sensor selections. © 2012 IEEE.

Chen, DP, Du, Y, Wang, XL, Cheng, ZX, Dou, SX, Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG & Xu, B 1970, 'Oxygen-vacancy effect on structural, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties in multiferroic YMnO3 single crystals', Journal of Applied Physics, Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, AIP Publishing, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, pp. 07D913-07D913.
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We have investigated the structural, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties of magnetically frustrated multiferroic YMnO3 single crystals. The ferroelectric domain structures of YMnO3 samples were studied by piezoresponse force microscopy. Instead of domain vortex structure in stoichiometric crystals, YMnO3−δ exhibits a random domain configuration with straight domain walls. In magnetic measurements, the YMnO3−δ crystal shows typical antiferromagnetic behavior with higher Néel temperature and lower magnetization compared to the stoichiometric sample. The ordered oxygen vacancies dominate multiferroicity through tailoring the domain wall structure.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Active data-centric framework for data protection in cloud environment', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, Geelong, Vic., pp. 1-11.
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Cloud computing is an emerging evolutionary computing model that provides highly scalable services over highspeed Internet on a pay-as-usage model. However, cloud-based solutions still have not been widely deployed in some sensitive areas, such as banking and healthcare. The lack of widespread development is related to users' concern that their confidential data or privacy would leak out in the cloud's outsourced environment. To address this problem, we propose a novel active data-centric framework to ultimately improve the transparency and accountability of actual usage of the users' data in cloud. Our data-centric framework emphasizes 'active' feature which packages the raw data with active properties that enforce data usage with active defending and protection capability. To achieve the active scheme, we devise the Triggerable Data File Structure (TDFS). Moreover, we employ the zero-knowledge proof scheme to verify the request's identification without revealing any vital information. Our experimental outcomes demonstrate the efficiency, dependability, and scalability of our framework. Lingfeng Chen, Doan B.Hoang © 2012.

Chen, Y, Liu, RP, Wang, C, de Groot, M & Zeng, Z 1970, 'Consumer Operational Comfort Level based power demand management in the smart grid', 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), IEEE, Berlin, Germany.
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In the smart grid, peak-load shifting allows smart homes to limit their peak hour demand to reduce electricity cost. By means of balancing the demand and supply, efficiency and stability are achieved in the power grid. While most existing Demand Response (DR) programs only use pricing signals to encourage consumers to alter their power consumption patterns, the impacts on consumers have been overlooked. In this paper, we propose a novel demand management scheme that takes into account of the consumer comfort level. We define the concept of Operational Comfort Level (OCL), and construct the OCL models for a range of smart appliances. These OCL models are integrated into our load management scheme. We develop a Min-Max Load Scheduling (MMLS) algorithm to minimize the peak-to-average ratio (PAR), while maximize the OCL of consumers. Simulation results confirm that our proposed MMLS algorithm is able to achieve both peak-load shifting and energy cost saving with minimal impact on consumers' comfort levels. © 2012 IEEE.

Cheng, P, Gui, L, Tao, M, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Rui, Y 1970, 'Sparse channel estimation for OFDM transmission over two-way works', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 3948-3953.
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Compressed sensing (CS) has recently emerged as a powerful signal acquisition paradigm. CS enables the recovery of high-dimensional sparse signals from much fewer samples than usually required. Further, quite a few recent channel measurement experiments show that many wireless channels also tend to exhibit sparsity. In this case, CS theory can be applicable to sparse channel estimation and its effectiveness has been validated in point-to-point (P2P) communication. In this work, we study sparse channel estimation for two-way relay networks (TWRN). Unlike P2P systems, applying CS theory to sparse channel estimation in TWRN is much more challenging. One issue is that the equivalent channels (terminal-relay-terminal) may be no longer sparse due to the linear convolutional operation. On this basis, novel schemes are proposed to solve this problem and effectively improve the accuracy of TWRN channel estimation when using CS theory. Extensive numerical results are provided to corroborate the proposed studies. © 2012 IEEE.

Chiu, C & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Multi-dimensional Representations of Laparoscopic Simulations for SANETs', Proceedings of the Eurocast 2011, Computer Aided Systems Theory Conference, International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (EUROCAST), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 225-232.
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13th International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, February 2011

Chiu, C, Chaczko, Z & Kong, X 1970, 'Design of an Intelligent Health System Using Evolutionary Middleware for Sensor Actor Networks', 2012 International Conference on Information Science and Applications, 2012 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), IEEE, Suwon, South Korea, pp. 1-6.
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Information infrastructure for healthcare is undergoing a transformational shift in the way it is perceived and used by health professionals. This is driven by the need to unify patient records seamlessly, and integrate emerging technologies in the Sensor-Actor Network (SANET) realm that incorporate patient sensory systems such as wireless sensor networks and body-area networks. By harnessing The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), it ensures integrity is considered throughout development processes by analyzing the problem space and scenarios, constraints, requirements, risks, enablers and inhibitors of the legacy application architectures. The proposed architecture with TOGAF components incorporating SANETs addresses the need to harmonize legacy operations in a consistent manner with industry best practice to ensure universal patient records are comprehensive and secure, thus protecting against identity theft and adhering to privacy regulation compliance.

Chomsiri, T, He, X & Nanda, P 1970, 'Limitation of Listed-Rule Firewall and the Design of Tree-Rule Firewall', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Internet and Distributed Computing Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Fujian, China, pp. 275-287.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. This research will illustrate that firewalls today (Listed-Rule Firewall) have five important limitations which may lead to security problem, speed problem, and 'difficult to use' problem. These limitations consist of, firstly, limitation about 'Shadowed rules' (the rule that cannot match with any packet because a packet will be matched with other rules above) which can lead to security and speed problem. Secondly, limitation about swapping position between rules can bring a change in firewall policy and cause security problem. The third limitation is about 'Redundant rules' which can cause speed problem. Next, limitation of rule design; firewall administrators have to put 'Bigger Rules' only at the bottom or lower positions that can result in a 'difficult to use' problem. Lastly, limitation from sequential computation can lead to speed problem. Moreover, we also propose design of the new firewall named 'Tree-Rule Firewall' which does not have above limitations.

Cooper, CS, Hagelstein, B, Franklin, D & IEEE 1970, 'Implementation of Opportunistic Cooperative Diversity in an Ad-Hoc Network using Commodity Hardware', 2012 8TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC), ACM International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IEEE, Limassol, Cyprus, pp. 165-168.
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Davis, M, Villain, B, Ridoux, J, Orgerie, A-C & Veitch, D 1970, 'An IEEE-1588 compatible RADclock', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication Proceedings, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication (ISPCS), IEEE, San Franciscio, pp. 1-6.
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Dehestani, D, Su, S, Nguyen, H, Guo, Y, Wall, J & Eftekhari, F 1970, 'Comprehensive sensitivity analysis of Heat Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system based on neural network model', 10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012, pp. 1555-1560.
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Finding healthy HVAC model as the health reference for monitoring and fault tolerant system is the main aim in this area. To dispel this concern a comprehensive transient model of Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems is developed by a fast Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in this study. The model is based on experimental data that are taken from our HVAC laboratory scale. The neural network is developed by using MATLAB coding and simulation technique. Our proposed model is validated against real HVAC system by minimum error. The developed model in this study can be used for a pre tuning of control system and put to good use for fault detection and isolation in order to accomplish highquality health monitoring and result in energy saving. The magnitude and trait of features are a good potential for automatic fault tolerant system based on machine learning systems.

Dehestani, D, Su, S, Nguyen, H, Vakiloroaya, V, Wall, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Intelligent model based fault detection for heat ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system based on ANN model and SVM classifier', 10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012, pp. 1253-1258.
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Due to a growing demand in improving energy efficiency in the built environment, reducing the energy consumption and operating costs of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems while still maintaining occupant comfort has become one of the critical issues. Reports indicate that efficiency and availability are heavily dependent upon high reliability and maintainability. Recently, the concept of e-maintenance has been introduced to reduce the cost of maintenance. In e-maintenance systems, the intelligent fault detection and isolation (FDI) system plays a crucial role for identifying equipment and other system failures. Applying these techniques to HVAC system fault detection makes it possible to improve total cost effectiveness of maintenance and thus increase the capacity utilization rates of equipment. Reduction of energy wasting in the system by on time fault detection is another important goal of applying these techniques. Therefore, this work proposes a new model based fault detection technique for HVAC systems based on Neural Network (NN) model and online support vector machines (SVM) classifier which integrates a dimension reduction scheme to analyze the failure of system. The NN generate a high accurate model which is based reference for SVM classifier. Finally, a series of experimental fault data are applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Final results show that online SVM can accurately detect faults in a HVAC cooling tower with minimum usage data. The technique is also shown to outperform an offline SVM on such energy systems for classification.

Dinh, TH, Phung, MD, Tran, TH & Tran, QV 1970, 'Localization of a unicycle-like mobile robot using LRF and omni-directional camera', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), IEEE, Penang, MALAYSIA, pp. 477-482.
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Du, R, Wu, Q, He, X & Yang, J 1970, 'Multi-Instance Learning with an Extended Kernel Density Estimation for Object Categorization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 477-482.
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Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a variational supervised learning. Instead of getting a set of instances that are labeled, the learner receives a set of bags that are labeled. Each bag contains many instances. In this paper, we present a novel MIL algorithm that can efficiently learn classifiers in a large instance space. We achieve this by estimating instance distribution using a proposed extended kernel density estimation (eKDE) which is an alternative to previous diverse density estimation (DDE). A fast method is devised to approximately locate the multiple modes of eKDE. Comparing to DDE, eKDE is more efficient and robust to the labeling noise (the mislabeled training data). We compare our approach with other state-of-the-art MIL methods in object categorization on the popular Caltech-4 and SIVAL datasets, the results illustrate that our approach provides superior performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Du, R, Wu, Q, He, X & Yang, J 1970, 'Object Categorization Based on a Supervised Mean Shift Algorithm', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Florence, Italy, pp. 611-614.
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In this work, we present a C++ implementation of object categorization with the bag-of-word (BoW) framework. Unlike typical BoW models which consider the whole area of an image as the region of interest (ROI) for visual codebook generation, our implementation only considers the regions of target objects as ROIs and the unrelated backgrounds will be excluded for generating codebook. This is achieved by a supervised mean shift algorithm. Our work is on the benchmark SIVAL dataset and utilizes a Maximum Margin Supervised Topic Model for classification. The final performance of our work is quite encouraging. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Furqan, F & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Wireless Fair Intelligent Congestion Control -- A QoS Performance Evaluation', 2012 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, 2012 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), IEEE, pp. 3-9.
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In WiMAX architecture to avoid congestion at the base station, a mechanism namely WiMAX Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (WFICC) was proposed in [11]. WFICC ensures that the traffic is scheduled in such a way that the base station output buffer operates around a target operating point, without violating the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of connections. However, only preliminary results were presented in [11]. The aim of this paper is to investigate WFICC thoroughly and evaluate its performance in terms of throughput, delay and jitter for various Class of Services (CoSs) under various parameter settings of the algorithm. A detailed and comprehensive simulation study on various settings of parameters is performed in ns-2. The results show that WFICC performs extremely well in allocating resources fairly among Class of Services (CoSs), yet preserving their QoS requirements. Furthermore, WFICC is robust and easily adapted to various traffic conditions. © 2012 IEEE.

Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'Personalised Mobile Health and Fitness Apps: Lessons learned from myFitnessCompanion®.', pHealth, 9th International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano Technologies for Personalized Health, IOS Press, Porto, Portugal, pp. 248-253.
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Smartphone and tablets are slowly but steadily changing the way we look after our health and fitness. Today, many high quality mobile apps are available for users and health professionals and cover the whole health care chain, i.e. information collection, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Our team has developed a mobile health and fitness app called myFitnessCompanion (R) which has been available via Android market since February 2011. The objective of this paper is to share our experience with rolling out a mobile health and fitness app. We discuss the acceptance of health apps by end-users and healthcare industry. We discuss the acceptance of health apps will be distributed in the near future, the use of Personal Health Record (PHR) systems such as Microsoft Health Vault and impact of regulations (FDA) on the future of mobile health apps. The paper is based on seven years of experience by the authors as mobile health and fitness application developers and we discuss the challenges and opportunities for app developers in the health industry.

George, L, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A reconfigurable buck-boost switched capacitor converter with adaptive gain and discrete frequency scaling control', 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012), 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2012), IEEE, pp. 869-872.
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This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable buck-boost switched capacitor converter using a novel control method that allows coarse and fine control of the output voltage. The converter uses adaptive gain control, discrete frequency scaling and burst mode switching to regulate the power delivered to a range of output voltages and loads. This control scheme has been implemented in a fully-integrated switched capacitor converter design using a standard bulk CMOS 0.18μm process. Simulation results show that the converter has an output voltage range of 0.8-2.2V, can deliver up to 5mA in load current and can be up to 68% efficient. © 2012 IEEE.

George, L, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A synchronous buck-boost converter on a Silicon-On-Sapphire 0.5&#x00B5;m process', 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2012-2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, pp. 348-351.
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This paper presents the design of a synchronous non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter on a Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) 0.5μm process. The converter uses voltage-mode feedback and PWM control to regulate the power delivered to a range of output voltages and loads. The circuit has been simulated using Cadence and its performance has been measured. The converter has an output voltage range of 1.2-4V and can deliver up to 750 mA. It is up to 92% efficient with a maximum ripple voltage of 80mV and uses significantly less die area than similar converters on standard CMOS processes. © 2012 IEEE.

Gernez, E, Harada, CM, Bootsman, R, Chaczko, Z, Levine, G & Keen, P 1970, 'Protei open source sailing drones: A platform for education in ocean exploration and conservation', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE.
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The Open-H2O community is developing ocean technology with the aim of co-designing the technology; licensing under the Open Source Software and Hardware protocols; and gathering ocean data from its different technology users and developers. Protei is a fleet of autonomous, shape-shifting, sailing vessels for ocean exploration and conservation, created by the Open-H2O community. This paper presents the tools and learning environments used during the development of Protei, and the opportunities created in terms of education and engagement of the Public, Scientific and Industrial sectors. Three case studies are presented, concluding with the challenges and education perspectives lying in the growth of the Open-H2O community. © 2012 IEEE.

Guo, Y, Dehestani, D, Li, J, Wall, J, West, S & Su, S 1970, 'Intelligent outlier detection for HVAC system fault detection', 10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012, Healthy Buildings, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1553-1554.

Guo, Y, Lei, G, Zhu, J & Pham, DH 1970, 'Performance analysis of a permanet magnet SMC transverse flux motor with multiobjective optimization strategy', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper presents the performance analysis of two different multiobjective optimization schemes for a permanent magnet transverse flux motor (TFM) drive, in which soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is employed as the motor core. Firstly, deterministic multiobjective optimization method is introduced for developing the SMC TFM motor drive while taking into account the unique properties of SMC. Secondly, robust multiobjective optimization method is presented to improve the reliability of the drive from the point of view of industrial application. The optimization results show that the performances of the drive system with robust design optimization have improved a lot compared with deterministic design optimization; the designed products have very low probability of failure against manufacturing error and environment variation; this is crucial in modern quality control. Furthermore, the users have flexibility to choose among a series of optimal results in those obtained multiobjective optimization solutions. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Guo, Y, Zeng, J, Zhu, J, Lin, Z & Li, Y 1970, 'Magnetic Hysteresis of Magnetorheological Fluid under 2D Rotating Magnetic Field Excitation', the 13th International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions: Book of Abstracts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1-2.

Guo, YJ 1970, 'Antenna and RF technologies for future wireless communications systems', 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 74-75.
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Owing to spectrum scarcity, omnipresence of interference, size restrictions and cost limitations, the proliferation of wireless communications systems has posed several major challenges to antenna and RF designers. This calls for new antenna technologies and advanced RF receivers for future systems. In this paper, research activities in wireless communications at CSIRO will be presented. In particular, we will focus on two areas, namely, reconfigurable antennas and integrated receivers employing high temperature superconducting (HTS) devices. The former would ease the demand on antenna real estate and enhance system performance. The latter would increase the sensitivity of receivers, thus enabling low power operation, greater coverage and the employment of novel interference cancellation techniques. © 2012 IEEE.

Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Garcia-Vigueras, M, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Novel topology of Fabry-Perot electronically steerable leaky-wave antenna', 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, pp. 224-228.
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A novel topology of electronically-steerable one-dimensional Fabry-Perot leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed. The structure is based on a host parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) which encloses a Fabry-Perot cavity created by two printed-circuits boards (PCB): a top planar partially reflective surface (PRS) and a bottom tunable high impedance surface (HIS) loaded with varactors. The control of the scattering properties of the bottom tunable HIS by the variation of the varactors’ capacitance enables control of the Fabry-Perot cavity resonance and thus the scanning of the antenna pointing angle from broadside towards the endfire direction at a fixed frequency. Full-wave simulations obtained with commercial finite element method solver (HFSS) demonstrate as a proof of concept a continuous scanning range of the pointing angle from 5° to 50° at a design frequency of 5.6 GHz. © 2012 IEEE.

Haddad, A, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Enhancement Interval Training Exercise based on the Analysis of Dynamic Cardio-Respiratory Response', Biomedical Engineering / 765: Telehealth / 766: Assistive Technologies, Biomedical Engineering, ACTAPRESS, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 458-464.
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Interval training is an effective method of improving aerobic function and cardiovascular fitness. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) are major indicators of human cardiovascular response to exercises. This study investigates human heart rate as well as oxygen uptake response dynamics to running exercises. Eight healthy male subjects were asked to run on a motor-controlled treadmill under a predefined running protocol. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored and recorded using a COSMED portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed). The running protocol was repeated twice by each subject and averaged values were taken of each data set to reduce the influence of various internal and environmental factors on the measurements. Experimental results showed that the time constant of offset exercise for both heart rate and oxygen uptake is longer than that of onset exercise; they also showed that VO2 reached the steady state faster than heart rate for both onset and offset cases. These experimental results will also be used to build an interval training protocol. This study also showed how onset and offset time constants, as well as onset and offset steady state gains of an average VO2 profile can be used to simulate an interval training protocol.

Hasan, MA, Xu, M, He, X & Chen, L 1970, 'Shot Classification Using Domain Specific Features for Movie Management', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on DASFAA, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Busan, South Korea, pp. 314-318.
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Among many video types, movie content indexing and retrieval is a significantly challenging task because of the wide variety of shooting techniques and the broad range of genres. A movie consists of a series of video shots. Managing a movie at shot level provides a feasible way for movie understanding and summarization. Consequently, an effective shot classification is greatly desired for advanced movie management. In this demo, we explore novel domain specific features for effective shot classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method classifies movie shots from wide range of movie genres with improved accuracy compared to existing work. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

He, Y, Su, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Shi, J 1970, 'An efficient implementation of uplink baseband signal generator in LTE UE transmitters', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 444-448.
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An efficient hardware-optimized uplink baseband signal generation algorithm and its ASIC implementation in the LTE user equipment (UE) transmitter are presented in this paper. Optimization covers top level as well as module level. A paralleled Turbo encoder and a Cooley-Tukey based DFT are proposed. The optimized algorithm achieves significantly lower computational complexity compared with the original algorithm in the LTE specification and better performance compared to the existing results. The ASIC architecture is designed to reduce the logic complexity and implemented in 55nm CMOS, which achieves short time latency and low hardware cost in terms of the cell area. © 2012 IEEE.

Heusdens, R, Zhang, G, Hendriks, RC, Zeng, Y & Kleijn, WB 1970, 'Distributed MVDR beamforming for (wireless) microphone networks using message passing', International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement, IWAENC 2012.
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In this paper we present a distributed algorithm for MVDR beamforming which is based on message passing. The message-passing algorithm performs generalized linear-coordinate descent (GLiCD) operations to exchange messages between neighboring microphone nodes, which converges increasingly fast as the noise correlation matrix becomes more and more diagonal. The algorithm makes use of a trade-off parameter which controls the off-diagonal energy of the noise correlation matrix. For the case the noise correlation matrix is truly diagonal, the performance of the GLiCD algorithm is equivalent to that of the delay-and-sum beamformer (DSB). The algorithm does not require any constraint on the network topology, is fully scalable and can exploit sparse network geometries, thereby making it suitable for distributed signal processing in large scale networks.

Hoang, DB & Kamyabpour, N 1970, 'An Energy Driven Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks', 2012 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, APPLICATIONS, AND TECHNOLOGIES (PDCAT 2012), International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 10-15.
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Most wireless sensor networks operate with very limited energy sources-their batteries, and hence their usefulness in real life applications is severely constrained. The challenging issues are how to optimize the use of their energy or to harvest their own energy in order to lengthen their lives for wider classes of application. Tackling these important issues requires a robust architecture that takes into account the energy consumption level of functional constituents and their interdependency. Without such architecture, it would be difficult to formulate and optimize the overall energy consumption of a wireless sensor network. Unlike most current researches that focus on a single energy constituent of WSNs independent from and regardless of other constituents, this paper presents an Energy Driven Architecture (EDA) as a new architecture and indicates a novel approach for minimising the total energy consumption of a WSN.

Hoang, DB & Pham, C 1970, 'Connectivity abstractions and &#x201C;service-oriented network&#x201D; architecture', 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), IEEE, Maui, HI, USA, pp. 337-342.
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Current generation networks have been designed only for network connectivity; they have been stretched to the limit with many afterthought add-on features including quality of service, mobility, programmability, and security so that they can be deployed for business applications and processes. As such, service deployment on current networks are difficult, time consuming and with limited successes. This paper suggests a service architecture based on network connectivity abstraction, user connectivity abstraction and application/service connectivity abstraction. The paper also proposes a service-oriented network (SON) architecture that facilitates the development of services and applications regardless of the underlying network access technologies. The architecture is conceived through the consideration of the essential requirements of generic Internet applications from the service and network providers' perspective that addresses the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) application deployment pattern, user location and device mobility, and the structure of IP-converged networks.

Hoang, DB, Elliott, D, Mckinley, S, Nanda, P, Schulte, J & Duc Nguyen 1970, 'Tele-monitoring techniques to support recovery at home for survivors of a critical illness', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), IEEE, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, pp. 101-106.
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This paper proposes and explores the design of a system that includes sensor-based procedures and techniques for remote physiological sensing and functional assessment for these individuals. The remote monitoring (e.g. heart rate, SpOz level) and assessment system (6-minute walk test) was developed to support the recovery of survivors following a critical illness after their hospital discharge. The paper suggests a new model of care, through a clinician-patient remote monitoring loop, that will enable minimisation of the cost of frequent home visits and allow patients to recover safely in their home environment. © 2012 IEEE.

Hoang, DT & Niyato, D 1970, 'Performance analysis of cognitive machine-to-machine communications', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS), IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 245-249.
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Hoang, DT, Niyato, D & Wang, P 1970, 'Optimal admission control policy for mobile cloud computing hotspot with cloudlet', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Paris, FRANCE, pp. 3145-3149.
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Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK, Mithulananthan, N, Pota, HR & Lu, J 1970, 'Dynamic interactions among multiple DER controllers in distribution systems', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON 2012), IEEE, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND.
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Hsing, A, Geisler, H, Ryan, V, Cheng, M, Machani, K, Breuer, D, Lehr, MU, Paul, J, Iacopi, F & Dauskardt, R 1970, 'Microprobing the mechanical effects of varying dielectric porosity in advanced interconnect structures', 2012 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2012 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference - IITC, IEEE, USA.
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Chip-package interaction has become a major concern due to increasingly porous low-K dielectrics. During the packaging process, shear stresses are exerted on fragile interconnect structures. We use a microprobe metrology system to experimentally measure how interconnect stacks with different dielectric porosities behave under various shear loading conditions and a wide range of temperatures. © 2012 IEEE.

Hu, J, Zhu, J, Platt, G, Dorrell, DG & Society, IEEEIE 1970, 'Model-Predictive Direct Power Control of AC/DC Converters with One Step Delay Compensation', 38TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY (IECON 2012), Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Montreal, Canada, pp. 4892-4897.
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This paper presents a model-predictive direct power control (MPDPC) strategy for a three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier. The controller uses a system model to predict the system behavior on each sampling interval for each voltage vector. A cost function is then used to evaluate the active and reactive power ripples, from which the vector that generates the lowest power ripple will be applied during the next sampling interval. In addition, the influence of a one-step delay in the digital implementation is investigated and this is compensated for using a predictive scheme. The main advantages of the proposed strategy are that there is no need to use a switching table for voltage vector positioning, the power ripple is reduced, and the system displays excellent steady-state and dynamic performance. The proposed MPDPC was validated both in simulation, using MATLAB/Simulink, and experimentally, with a 5 kVA laboratory AC/DC converter.

Huang, Y & Huang, X 1970, 'Optimal spectrum sensing over multipath channels', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1522-1527.
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Wireless propagation phenomena including multipath pose significant challenges to reliable spectrum sensing which is a fundamental requirement for dynamic spectrum access and system coexistence. In this paper, an optimal detection technique along with two reduced-complexity alternatives, modified energy detection (MED) and equal gain detection (EGD), are proposed to improve the detection probability for spectrum sensing over severe multipath channels. By incorporating the resolvable multipaths and multiple receiving antennas into the system model and assuming the availability of a priori temporal correlation about the source signal, these detection methods are derived based on maximum log-likelihood ratio test under low signal-to-noise ratio condition. Simulation results show that the proposed optimal detection outperforms the conventional generalized likelihood ratio test in a multipath environment either with or without a priori information. The proposed MED significantly improves the performance of conventional energy detection after a priori information is exploited. Finally, the proposed EGD performs better than MED and approaches the optimal detection as the number of multipaths increases. © 2012 IEEE.

Huang, Y & Huang, X 1970, 'Spectrum sensing over frequency-selective fading channel with tap and spatial correlations', 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC), 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2012), IEEE, Sydney., NSW, Australia, pp. 2143-2148.
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Reliable spectrum sensing should be able to operate under realistic wireless environments such as multipath and fading. Based on the optimal spectrum sensing with multiple receiver antennas over multipath channels, this paper presents further studies into two more practical detection methods, the modified energy detection (MED) and the equal gain detection (EGD), over frequency-selective fading channels, with focus on the impact of multipath tap correlation on the sensing performance. Both simulation and analytical results are provided. It is verified that utilizing multipath propagation enhances the detection probability of the EGD, which approaches that of the optimal detection. The EGD also demonstrates better performance than the MED and the conventional generalized likelihood ratio test. The tap correlation can have either constructive or destructive effect to the spectrum sensing system depending on how well the tap correlation matches the source signal's temporal correlation, whereas the spatial correlation always degrades the detection performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Huq, MA, Dutkiewicz, E, Gengfa Fang, Ren Ping Liu & Vesilo, R 1970, 'MEB MAC: Improved channel access scheme for medical emergency traffic in WBAN', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 371-376.
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Emergency data delivery is an important service for medical Wireless Body Area Networks. The successful dissemination of emergency messages can make a huge difference between life and death. The utmost importance of emergency message dissemination requires high reliability while the intermittent nature of alarms requires minimum channel access delay for almost instantaneous delivery. IEEE 802.15.6 beacon enabled networks have defined an adjustable superframe structure that consists of contention-free and contention access periods. Short superframes can satisfy the channel access delay requirements of emergency traffic but penalizes the energy efficiency of all devices in the network. On the other hand, long superframes increase the energy efficiency but the channel access delay is also increased. To balance this contradicting requirement of energy efficiency and Quality of Service, we propose the Medical Emergency Body (MEB) MAC protocol that inserts listening windows dynamically within the contention free periods. The frequency of listening window insertion is determined by the minimum delay tolerance. Furthermore, MEB MAC utilizes idle time slots to insert additional listening window opportunities for emergency traffic, without affecting the network throughput. Our analysis shows that MEB MAC is able to reduce channel access delay for emergency traffic especially for long superframe durations. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the MEB MAC scheme in serving emergency messages in medical body area networks. © 2012 IEEE.

Hussain, S, Basu, A, Wang, M & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'DELTRON: Neuromorphic architectures for delay based learning', 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2012-2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN, pp. 304-307.
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Iji Ayobami, B, Zhu, F, Heimlich, M & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Proposed Ultra Wide-Band system, &amp; receiver circuit for implant wireless body area networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 139-142.
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Implant-able wireless body area networks (WBAN) are a promising technology for health monitoring and treatment for patients requiring special care and monitoring, where sensors are placed inside the human body to carry out measurements which may include telemetry or video streaming. Ultra Wide- Band technology (UWB) is investigated as a candidate for the proposed implanted wireless body area sensor network due to its wide frequency spectrum and, hence, its low bit energy. UWB is introduced and then explored in terms of system constraints and circuit implementation. The main focus of the paper is to describe how applicable UWB is used for implant WBANs and to invite future work on designing a radio capable of being installed inside the human body for medical care and monitoring. We have presented the RF front end receiver in 0.25μm CMOS Silanna process. © 2012 IEEE.

Islam, M, Afzal, MU, Ahmad, M & Tauqeer, T 1970, 'Simulation and modeling of ground penetrating RADARs', 2012 International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2012 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2012), IEEE, pp. 390-395.
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This paper focuses on providing a design capable of calculating range to target, material of target, Doppler shift of the target, and gives the low cost implementation of the complete design if hardware is also considered. The proposed model also provide basis for designing ground penetrating Radars capable of detecting underground metallic as well as non-metallic objects. While selecting a frequency for the ground penetrating Radars water absorption, attenuation, material of target and ground properties should be kept in mind. 1 GHz frequency is therefore selected as it can penetrate ground and is also sensitive to non-metallic targets. For the Simulations Linear Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radar principles are used as it is found that they give good short range calculations and also have finer range resolution as compared to pulsed Doppler radars. The overall simulations are done on Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Complete ground modeling is also done for the simulations. The proposed ADS simulation model not only detects the presence and relative frequency shift of the target, it can also deal with the changing dielectric constant of target and ground, water content and conductivity of ground. Range resolution up to 40cm can be achieved if the proposed model is implemented. © 2012 IEEE.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A medium-frequency transformer with multiple secondary windings for grid connection through H-bridge voltage source converters', ICEMS 2012 - Proceedings: 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Sytems (ICEMS), IEEE, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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Although the power output of today's wind turbine has exceeded 7 MW, the voltage rating of the most common generator is below 700 V. A low-frequency transformer is commonly used to step-up the voltage to the grid voltage level, e.g. 11 kV or 33 kV. These heavy and bulky low-frequency transformers significantly increase the volume and weight of nacelle. To achieve a compact and light nacelle, a medium-voltage converter with series-connected H-bridge (SCHB) topology would be an attractive technology for future wind turbines. However, the SCHB converter requires multiple isolated and balanced DC sources, which makes the application not straightforward. As an alternative approach to generate multiple isolated and balanced sources a prototype transformer with six secondary windings, 1.26 kVA and 10 kHz, is designed and developed for 1 kV five levels SCHB multilevel converters. The experimental results show that the proposed system may be attractive in grid based renewable energy systems. © 2012 IEEJ Industry Appl Soc.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A novel medium-voltage converter system for compact and light wind turbine generators', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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The classical approach based on low-voltage converter is commonly employed a low-frequency transformer (inside or outside the nacelle) of wind turbine system. Because of the heave weight and large size of the transformer, the turbine can be expensive and complex for installation and maintenance. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light wind turbine a medium-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge multilevel converter topology is proposed. The transformer-less novel architecture thus leads to a compact and environmentally friendly design, which can save large amount of installation, running and maintenance costs of wind turbine. This paper mainly focuses on design and simulation of the proposed wind turbine. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A transformer-less compact and light wind turbine generating system for offshore wind farms', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, Malaysia, pp. 605-610.
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Offshore wind turbines are distributed in a wide area where the power is generated usually at low voltage levels of 380~690 V. To reduce electrical power transmission losses, a low-frequency transformer is placed inside the nacelle of the offshore wind turbine to step-up the voltage up to the voltage levels of 11~33 kV. The heave weight and large size of the step-up transformer significantly increase the weight and volume of the nacelle. These penalties are critical in offshore applications, where cost of installation and regular maintenance are extremely high. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light offshore wind turbine a medium-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge multilevel converter topology is proposed in this paper. The transformer-less approach thus leads to a compact and environmentally friendly design, which can save large amount of installation, running and maintenance costs of offshore wind turbines. This paper mainly focuses on design and simulation of 33 kV offshore wind turbine generating system.

Iwaizumi, H, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A new high-speed and low-power LSI design of SVD-MIMO-OFDM systems', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Jayawickrama, BA, Dutkiewicz, E & Fang, G 1970, 'Spectrum sensing error optimisation in cognitive radio networks.', ISCIT, International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 787-792.
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Jian Zhang, Cantoni, A, Xiaojing Huang & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection for OFDM systems: Performance characterization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2012), IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 3959-3963.
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A low-complexity and efficient sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection (SSOP) scheme is proposed in [1] for OFDM systems. This paper provides comprehensive performance analysis for the zero-forcing receiver for the SSOP scheme. Via rigorous proof, we show the independence of the orthogonal projection matrix on the ordering of the suppression distances, and the monotonicity of the SNR with the suppression distance and the number of reserved subcarriers. We also characterized the SNR degradation of the single-side and double-side suppression schemes analytically. These analytical results match with the numerical results well. © 2012 IEEE.

Jian Zhang, Xiaojing Huang, Suzuki, H & Zhuo Chen 1970, 'Phase-shifted interpolation for channel matrix inversion in MIMO-OFDM systems', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2012), IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 3831-3835.
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Channel matrix inversion, which requires significant hardware resource and computational power, is a very challenging problem in MIMO-OFDM systems. Casting the frequency-domain channel matrix into a polynomial matrix, interpolation-based matrix inversion provides a promising solution to this problem. In this paper, by showing that the polynomial coefficients can be well approximated by a Gaussian function, we propose an efficient algorithm, which relaxes the requirement for knowing the maximum multipath delay spread and enables the use of simple low-complexity interpolators by introducing a phase shift term to the signal to be interpolated. Simulation results show that significant complexity saving can be achieved with little equalization performance degradation. © 2012 IEEE.

Jiang, F, Ling, SH, Chan, KY, Chaczko, Z, Leung, FHF, Frater, MR & IEEE 1970, 'An Immunology-inspired Multi-engine Anomaly Detection System with Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimisations', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE WCCI, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1279-1286.
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In this paper, multiple detection engines with multi-layered intrusion detection mechanisms are proposed for enhancing computer security. The principle is to coordinate the results from each single-engine intrusion alert system, which seamlessly integrates with a multiple layered distributed service-oriented structure. An improved hidden Markov model (HMM) is created for the detection engine which is capable of the immunology-based self/nonself discrimination. The classifications of normal and abnormal behaviours of system calls are further examined by an advanced fuzzy-based inference process tuned by HPSOWM. Considering a real benchmark dataset from the public domain, our experimental results show that the proposed scheme can greatly shorten the training time of HMM and significantly reduce the false positive rate. The proposed HPSOWM works especially well for the efficient classification of unknown behaviors and malicious attacks.

Jin Lai, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Comparison of cooperative spectrum sensing strategies in distributed cognitive radio networks', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, USA, pp. 1513-1518.
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Cooperative spectrum sensing has been proposed to significantly improve spectrum sensing accuracy by taking advantage of the cooperation among secondary users (SUs), but also this incurs some sensing cost. In this paper, we present a cooperative spectrum sensing model with consideration to spectrum sensing cost in distributed cognitive radio networks where each SU aims to maximize its utility. Under the scenario with selfish SUs, we formulate cooperative spectrum sensing as a non-cooperative game and obtain the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the formulated spectrum sensing game by deriving the sensing probabilities of SUs. Under the scenario with limited collaboration of SUs, we formulate cooperative spectrum sensing as a nonlinear optimization problem and derive the optimal sensing strategy of SUs by using our proposed Newton-Raphson based algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that SUs with limited collaboration are able to achieve much better performance than the outcome of the Nash equilibrium and by choosing the optimal sensing strategy SUs are able to maximize their utility, which is an effective tradeoff between SU throughput and sensing cost. © 2012 IEEE.

Jin, R, Geng, J, Liang, X, Ye, S, Wang, W, Bird, TS & Guo, YJ 1970, 'High gain planar antenna arrays applied in mobile satellite communication', 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), IEEE, pp. 136-137.
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Two large and low profile panel antenna arrays used as receiving and transmitting antennas for mobile satellite communications are described. The two arrays have an overall size of 120×20.7×1.3cm 3 and 107.5×20.4×1.7cm 3 , respectively, and exhibit high gains and adequate efficiencies due to effective array designs. For the receiving panel array, a method using a number of high efficiency sub-arrays combined with a novel active integrated global feed network is proposed. For the transmitting panel array, a number of high efficiency sub-arrays together with a novel compact waveguide feed network is employed. Based on the above techniques, two large panel antenna arrays are successfully developed. We present detailed designs of the sub-arrays, the passive and active feed networks, and the vertical transitions. Simulated and experimental results show that the designed receiving and transmitting panel arrays achieve the measured gains and efficiencies of 34.1dBi, 48.2% and 33.5dBi, 36.3%, respectively, which indicates that the proposed antenna panels are good candidates for future satellite communications applications. © 2012 IEEE.

Kamyabpour, N & Hoang, DB 1970, 'A Task Based Sensor-Centeric Model for overall Energy Consumption', 2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE, Gwangju, China, pp. 237-244.
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Sensors have limited resources so it is important to manage the resourcesefficiently to maximize their use. A sensor's battery is a crucial resource asit singly determines the lifetime of sensor network applications. Since thesedevices are useful only when they are able to communicate with the world, radiotransceiver of a sensor as an I/O and a costly unit plays a key role in itslifetime. This resource often consumes a big portion of the sensor's energy asit must be active most of the time to announce the existence of the sensor inthe network. As such the radio component has to deal with its embedded sensornetwork whose parameters and operations have significant effects on thesensor's lifetime. In existing energy models, hardware is considered, but theenvironment and the network's parameters did not receive adequate attention.Energy consumption components of traditional network architecture are oftenconsidered individually and separately, and their influences on each other havenot been considered in these approaches. In this paper we consider all possibletasks of a sensor in its embedded network and propose an energy managementmodel. We categorize these tasks in five energy consuming constituents. Thesensor's Energy Consumption (EC) is modeled on its energy consumingconstituents and their input parameters and tasks. The sensor's EC can thus bereduced by managing and executing efficiently the tasks of its constituents.The proposed approach can be effective for power management, and it also can beused to guide the design of energy efficient wireless sensor networks throughnetwork parameterization and optimization.

Kamyabpour, N & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Statistical Analysis to Extract Effective Parameters on Overall Energy Consumption of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)', 2012 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, APPLICATIONS, AND TECHNOLOGIES (PDCAT 2012), International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 20-23.
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In this paper, we use statistical tools to analysis dependency between Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) parameters and overall Energy Consumption (EC). Our approach has two key steps: profiling, and effective parameter extraction. In former step, a sensor network simulator is re-run 800 times with different values of the WSN parameters to profile the average residual energy in nodes. In latter step, three statistical analyses (p-value, linear and non-linear correlation) are applied to the outcome of profiled experiments to extract the most effective parameters on WSN residual energy.

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R, Dutkiewicz, E & Liu, RP 1970, 'Design considerations of reinforcement learning power controllers in Wireless Body Area Networks', 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC), 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2012), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 2030-2036.
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A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) comprises a number of tiny devices implanted in/on the body that sample physiological signals of the human body and send them to a coordinator node for medical or other purposes. As these miniature devices run on built-in batteries, energy is the most valuable resource in WBANs. This makes signal interference between neighboring WBANs a serious threat because it causes energy waste in these systems. To mitigate this internetwork interference, we propose a dynamic power control mechanism in WBANs which employs reinforcement learning (RL) to learn from experience and improve its performance. This paper presents guidelines in designing efficient RL power controllers in WBANs and provides an analysis of the effect of the reward function, discount factor, learning rate and eligibility trace parameter where the main performance criteria used are convergence and solution optimality in terms of throughput and energy consumption per bit. © 2012 IEEE.

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R, Dutkiewicz, E & Ren Ping Liu 1970, 'Reinforcement learning in power control games for internetwork interference mitigation in Wireless Body Area Networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, pp. 256-262.
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A major cause of energy waste in wireless networks is the interference between nodes working in the same frequency band. This problem appears to be more serious in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) in which energy is the most valuable resource. In order to cope with this issue, power control techniques can be employed. Amongst potential approaches, those with intelligence which allow WBANs to improve their performance by learning from experience can remarkably increase flexibility and adaptability. Besides, approaches with less inter-node negotiation and cooperation are more attractive in WBANBs due to their low overhead and superior scalability. In this paper, we propose a power controller which employs Reinforcement Learning (RL) to enable WBANs to learn from experience and coordinate their power levels in a distributed manner with no inter-node negotiation and cooperation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed power controller with different RL algorithms and compare them to a counterpart approach based on game theory without learning. Their performances are evaluated in terms of optimality of the solution and convergence. We show that the RL-based power controller can trade off throughput for transmission power level and achieve lower energy consumption compared to the counterpart game. © 2012 IEEE.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD, Nguyen, HH & Pham, TT 1970, 'D.C. programming for cooperative beamforming in SC-FDMA multi-user multi-relay networks', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, USA, pp. 4998-5003.
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We are concerned with a cooperative beamforming design for multi-user multi-relay wireless networks in which the single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) technique is employed at the terminals. The problem of interest is to find the beamforming weights across relays to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) among users subject to individual power constraints at each relay. Such a beamforming design is shown to be a hard nonconvex program and therefore it is mathematically challenging to find the optimal solution. By exploring its partial convex structures, we recast the design problem as minimization of a d.c. (difference of two convex) objective function subject to convex constraints and develop an effective iterative algorithm of low complexity to solve it. Simulation results show that our optimal cooperative beamforming scheme realizes the inherent diversity order of the relay network and it performs significantly better than the equal-power beamforming weights.

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A low-power MMSE MIMO detector using dynamic voltage wordlength scaling for 4&#x00D7;4 MIMO-OFDM systems', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE.
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Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Vesilo, R & Zheng, C 1970, 'Dynamic spectrum access with two channel sensing in cognitive radio networks', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1757-1762.
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In this paper we present a novel dynamic spectrum sensing and access model in cognitive radio networks. This model allows secondary users (SUs) to sequentially sense two channels in a single time slot and provides coordinated access of multiple SUs to the available channels. The presented access model is formulated as a channel assignment optimization problem which is shown to be NP-hard. We subsequently propose and analyze a Markov chain based greedy channel assignment scheme (MCGA) which allows for sequential sensing of two channels with a priority order per time slot. Finally, we analyze and evaluate the performance of our approach in a saturated network. Our analytical results, validated by simulation, indicate that compared to the existing work, our approach can achieve significant improvements in terms of SU throughput and MAC delay. © 2012 IEEE.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Cooperative sensing with detection threshold optimization in cognitive radio networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 781-786.
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Spectrum sensing is a key enabling technology for cognitive radio networks where secondary users (SUs) are allowed to opportunistically utilize the potentially unused frequency band without causing harmful interference to the licensed users. Cooperative spectrum sensing has been proposed to significantly improve spectrum sensing accuracy by taking advantage of the cooperation among geographically distributed multiple SUs. In this paper, we present a cooperative spectrum sensing model with an individual energy detection threshold for each SU and formulate cooperative spectrum sensing as a nonlinear optimization problem to minimize the probability of false alarm subject to the constraint of missed detection probability. We then propose a suboptimal scheme based on a heuristic algorithm by assigning a distinct detection threshold to each individual cooperative spectrum sensing SU. Numerical results show that given a threshold of missed detection probability, the proposed scheme compared with the existing work can achieve a significant reduction in the false alarm probability, indicating that more spectrum opportunities can be identified by SUs. © 2012 IEEE.

Lai, YW & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'In situ study of thermal deformation of metal resistive heater on silicon nitride membrane by digital holographic microscopy', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Le, TM, Liu, RP & Hedley, M 1970, 'Rogue access point detection and localization', 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC), 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2012), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 2489-2493.
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The threat of rogue Access Points (APs) has attracted significant attentions from both industrial and academic researchers. However existing solutions focus on rogue AP detection, rather than localization. We propose a Rogue AP Detection and Localization (RAPDL) architecture, which integrates rogue AP detection and localization into one software system. A RAPDL demonstration system has been developed in our laboratory. In the RAPDL system, the monitors identify potential rogue APs, measure their properties and report relevant information to the server. The RAPDL server collects information from all monitors, and runs a localization algorithm to identify and locate the rogue APs. We implemented two localization algorithms in the RAPDL system based on received signal strength (RSS) and compare their performance. Experimental results acquired in an office environment show that RAPDL can detect and locate rogue APs quickly and accurately. © 2012 IEEE.

Leijdekkers, P & Gay, V 1970, 'User Adoption of Mobile Apps for Chronic Disease Management: A Case Study Based on myFitnessCompanion®.', ICOST, International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics (ICOST), Springer, Artimino, Italy, pp. 42-49.
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Health and fitness apps for smart phones and tablets are changing the way we look after your health. This paper analyses the usage of such an app called myFitnessCompanion for chronic disease management. The analysis is based on data collected from 5000* users over a period of 7 months. Highlights of the study show that blood glucose, weight and blood pressure are teh main physsiological data being monitored. Americans and Germans are the front-runners in adopting mobile health apps and are willing to pay for it. Most users choose to enter data manually instead of using automated wireless Bluetooth sensors. Users prefer to store the collected data on the phone rather than exporting it to Personal Health Record Systems

Li, S, Kong, X & Lowe, D 1970, 'Dynamic Path Determination of Mobile Beacons Employing Reinforcement Learning for Wireless Sensor Localization', 2012 26th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2012 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), IEEE, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 760-765.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are extensively applied in civil and military areas. Localization is an essential prerequisite for many WSN applications, and is often based on beacons that provide geographical information in real time. Mobile Beacons (MB) can be used to replace many static beacons with paths that can be controlled in real-time. Robotic and/or flight vehicles can work as MBs. In this paper we consider the use of reinforcement learning (RL) (a significant branch of machine learning) to control MBs. Usually, RL needs an infinite series of episodes to determine an optimal policy. We propose however a method of localization employing mobile beacon whose behavior will be controlled by an adapted RL algorithm. A MB learns and makes decisions based on weighted information collected from unknown sensors. Simulation results show that the adapted RL algorithm provides sufficient information to the MB to localise unknown sensors in a lightweight but effective way

li, S, Kong, X, Lowe, D & Ryu, H-G 1970, 'Wireless Sensor Network Localization with Autonomous Mobile Beacon by Path Finding', 2012 International Conference on Information Science and Applications, 2012 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), IEEE, Suwon, South Korea, pp. 39-44.
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Sensor data with geographical information become ubiquitous with development of location base applications in various businesses. There is no exception to Wireless sensor network (WSN) as it is getting more practical under the booming of semiconductor industry. Localization of WSN usually depends on beacons that equip with GPS or GSM module. The cost of finance and energy hamper the application of WSN. Robot or flight vehicle called Mobile Beacon (MB) can relieve the issue and enhance the application area of WSN. Based on the framework we proposed in [14], we renovate the algorithm to find the best position for MB in every step by grouping weight of cosine similarity to mining the relation between responsible sensors. The MB machine works in an autonomous mode to find dynamic path without any supervision. In simulation, it is proved that the novel method makes the best of observation and covers unknown sensors as many as possible without heavy computation and struggle of energy. With appropriate parameters, the method can reach a 90% average coverage rate on any random distribution of sensors.

Li, Y, Zhao, Z, Yang, Q, Zhu, J & Wang, Y 1970, 'Tensor Magnetic Reluctivity Properties of Soft Magnetic Composite Materials', 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF), IEEE, Dalian, Liaoning, pp. 1-4.
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In order to comprehensively analyze the magnetic field distribution in rotating flux machines, a three dimensional (3-D) magnetic properties testing system fitting for cubic specimen has been constructed and modeled. This paper emphatically studies the tensor magnetic reluctivity properties based on measurement of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials in 3-D magnetization conditions. By means of the experiential data, 3-D reluctivity tensor is calculated and analyzed. The characteristics of the tensor matrix diagonal and off-diagonal elements are analyzed in different conditions considering the maximum flux density, orientation, and axis ratio of the elliptical magnetic flux density B locus.

Ling, L, Burnett, IS, Cheng, E & IEEE 1970, 'A Dense 3D Reconstruction Approach From Uncalibrated Video Sequences', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO WORKSHOPS (ICMEW), IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 587-592.
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Current approaches for 3D reconstruction from feature points of images are classed as sparse and dense techniques. However, the sparse approaches are insufficient for surface reconstruction since only sparsely distributed feature points are presented. Further, existing dense reconstruction approaches require pre-calibrated camera orientation, which limits the applicability and flexibility. This paper proposes a one-stop 3D reconstruction solution that reconstructs a highly dense surface from an uncalibrated video sequence, the camera orientations and surface reconstruction are simultaneously computed from new dense point features using an approach motivated by Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. Further, this paper presents a flexible automatic method with the simple interface of 'videos to 3D model'. These improvements are essential to practical applications in 3D modeling and visualization. The reliability of the proposed algorithm has been tested on various data sets and the accuracy and performance are compared with both sparse and dense reconstruction benchmark algorithms. © 2012 IEEE.

Linh Lan Nguyen, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Identification of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic patients using ECG parameters', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 2716-2719.
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Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia are both serious diseases related to diabetes mellitus. Among Type 1 Diabetic patients, there are who experience both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events. The aim of this study was to identify of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia based on ECG changes in this population. An ECG Acquisition and Analysis System based on LabVIEW software has been developed for collecting ECG signals and extracting features with abnormal changes. ECG parameters included Heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval (QTeC), PR interval, corrected RT interval (RTC) and corrected TpTe interval (TpTe C ). Blood glucose levels were used to classify glycemic states in subjects as hypoglycemic state ( 60 mml/l, Hypo), as normoglycemic state (80 to 110 mmol/l, Normo), and as hyperglycemic state 150 mml/l, Hyper). The results indicated that hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states produce significant inverse changes on those ECG parameters. © 2012 IEEE.

Maali, Y, Rafiei, A, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D & Safaei, F 1970, 'A Fuzzy Logic Node Relocation Model in WSNs', 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS'2012), International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Hostile and harsh environments may preclude the possibility of manual redeployment of new sensor nodes, especially in the areas suffering from widespread damage and unbalanced node deployments. Distributed local relocations of currently deployed nodes is one promising solution to this problem. By using expected global node density and force-based movement algorithms inspired by the laws of nature, it is possible to address the aforementioned challenge. Force-based movement algorithms steer nodes towards their new locations based on the aggregation of exerted virtual forces on the node from their neighborhood. Some implicit assumptions about nodes' global status such as expected global node density are not realistic in dynamic and harsh environments. Thus, to conform to the uncertain nature and local interactions of nodes, a combination of radial-angular force fuzzy movement algorithms is suggested. The performance of the proposed model in terms of percentage of coverage, uniformity and average movement under three different boundary conditions are evaluated and compared with distributed self-spreading algorithms (DSSA). The results show that the simple fuzzy movement algorithm either outperforms or matches DSSA even if nodes don't benefit from expected global node density as in DSSA. © 2012 IEEE.

Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Nonlinear controller design for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems using partial feedback linearization', 2012 2nd Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2012, 2nd Australian Control Conference (AUCC), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 30-35.
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This paper deals with the design of a nonlinear controller for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems to maintain the current injected into the grid in phase with grid voltage and to regulate the DC link voltage for achieving maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The controller is designed based on the partial feedback linearization which transforms the nonlinear system into a reduced order linear system and an autonomous system whose dynamics are known as internal dynamics of the system. This paper also deals with the stability of internal dynamics of PV systems which is a basic requirement to design partial feedback linearizing controller. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated in terms of delivering maximum power and synchronization of grid current with voltage under changes in atmospheric conditions. © 2012 Institute of Engineers.

Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Robust zero dynamic excitation controller for power systems under structured uncertainty', 2012 2nd Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2012, 2nd Australian Control Conference (AUCC), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 203-208.
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This paper presents a robust excitation controller design for power systems to improve the dynamic stability following large disturbances. The controller is designed based on the partial feedback linearization where some parts of power systems need to be linearized. The robustness of the proposed control scheme is ensured by considering uncertainties within power systems model. In this paper, the uncertainties in power systems model are considered as the structured uncertainties which need to satisfy the matching condition. The performance of the designed controller is evaluated on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system under major disturbances. Simulation results show the robustness of the proposed excitation controller as compared to that of normal partial feedback linearizing controller by enhancing both the transient stability and voltage regulation under severe disturbances. © 2012 Institute of Engineers.

Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Zero dynamic excitation controller for multimachine power systems to augment transient stability and voltage regulation', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE.
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This paper presents a new excitation controller design for multimachine power systems to augment transient stability and voltage regulation. To design the controller, zero dynamic design approach of feedback linearization is used which transforms the nonlinear power system model into a partially linear system, i.e., a reduced order linear system. Any linear controller design technique for reduced order linear system can be employed to enhance the stability of whole system provided that the internal dynamics of the systems are stable. In this paper, zero dynamic excitation control laws are derived for multimachine power systems whose performances are tested on 3 machine 11 bus two area system. Simulation results clearly indicate the performances of zero dynamic controller following large disturbances. © 2012 IEEE.

Mahmud, MMA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Partial feedback linearizing controller design for a DSTATCOM to enhance voltage stability of distribution network with distributed generation', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON 2012), IEEE, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND.
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Matekovits, L, Thalakotuna, DNP, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Investigation on FET switch integration techniques for a tunable microwave periodic structure', 2012 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2012 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology 'Small Antennas and Unconventional Applications' (iWAT), IEEE, pp. 44-47.
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A recently proposed tunable microwave periodic structure requires many switches to dynamically change its microwave propagation and radiation characteristics. The performance of a discrete Field Effect Transistor (FET) switch package, suitable for the structure, is investigated in two potential configurations. In one configuration, the switch is co-planar with the ground plane and in the other it is on a different surface. Measurements made on two test boards confirm that when the switches are turned "on" the switch insertion losses are not significantly different between the two configurations. However when the switches are turned "off", locating the switches on the ground plane provide better isolation between RF ports. © 2012 IEEE.

McDonald, C, McPherson, M, McDougall, C & McGloin, D 1970, 'HoloHands: games console interface for controlling holographic optical manipulation', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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McDougall, C, Henderson, R, Carnegie, DJ, Sokolovskii, GS, Rafailov, EU & McGloin, D 1970, 'Flexible particle manipulation techniques with conical refraction-based optical tweezers', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Mistry, NS, Power, R, Anand, S, McGloin, D, Almohamedi, A, Downie, M, Reid, JP & Hudson, AJ 1970, 'Analysis of optical trap mediated aerosol coalescence', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & IEEE 1970, 'Energy Efficient Thermal and Power Aware (ETPA) Routing in Body Area Networks', 2012 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PIMRC), IEEE International Symposium on Personal and Indoor Mobile Radio Conference, IEEE, Sydney, pp. 1108-1113.
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Research on routing in a network of intelligent, lightweight, micro and nano-technology sensors deployed in or around the body, namely Body Area Network (BAN), has gained great interest in the recent years. In this paper, we present an energy efficient, thermal and power aware routing algorithm for BANs named Energy Efficient Thermal and Power Aware routing (ETPA). ETPA considers a node's temperature, energy level and received power from adjacent nodes in the cost function calculation. An optimization problem is also defined in order to minimize average temperature rise in the network. Our analysis demonstrates that ETPA can significantly decrease temperature rise and power consumption as well as providing a more efficient usage of the available resources compared to the most efficient routing protocol proposed so far in BANs, namely PRPLC. Also, ETPA has a considerably higher depletion time that guarantees a longer lasting communication among nodes. © 2012 IEEE.

Movassaghi, S, Arab, P & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Wireless technologies for Body Area Networks: Characteristics and challenges', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Queensland, Australia, pp. 42-47.
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Body Area Networks (BANs) are an exciting new networking technology expected to cause a dramatic shift on the way people think and manage their health and the way they benefit from information technology and advancements in a wide range of medical and non-medical applications. Since BANs are in the early stages of their development, a number of fundamental features and challenges need to be investigated to overcome the stringent requirements tied with this technology. Also the choice of an appropriate wireless technology is required to enable BAN systems to communicate physiological data. This paper provides an overview of existing wireless technologies applicable to BANs. The specific features of each wireless technology is described along with their major advantages, drawbacks and most appropriate application in BANs. Comparison of the described technologies are provided from different aspects of frequency range, data rate, coverage area, modulation technique and network topology.

Mudugamuwa, DJ, He, X & Jia, W 1970, 'Battle-Lemarie wavelet pyramid for improved GSM image denoising', Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, International Conference on Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 3156-3159.
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Removing noise from a digital image is a challenging problem. Application of Gaussian Scale Mixtures (GSM) in the wavelet domain has been reported to be one of the most effective denoising algorithms, published to date. The performance of this algorithm depends on the chosen wavelet representation. In this paper, we introduce an improved wavelet pyramid representation based on the Battle-Lemarie wavelet which favors the GSM denoising performance. We present the experimental denoising results using the proposed pyramid representation, and they outperform state-of-the-art GSM denoising results reported in the literature. © 2012 ICPR Org Committee.

Mudugamuwa, DJ, He, X & Jia, W 1970, 'Efficient Super-Resolution by Finer Sub-Pixel Motion Prediction and Bilateral Filtering', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 800-805.
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Super-resolution reconstruction produces high-resolution images from a set of low-resolution images of the same scene. In the last two and a half decades, many super-resolution algorithms have been proposed. These algorithms are very sensitive to their assumed models of motion and noise, and computationally expensive for many practical applications. In this paper we adopt earlier reported fast prediction based sub-pixel motion estimation and a novel interpolation scheme based on the bilateral filter to produce a fast color super-resolution reconstruction that can accommodate arbitrary local motion patterns. The proposed algorithm exploits photometric proximity and available finer fractional motion information in the high resolution grid, to reconstruct enhanced super-resolved image frames. Experiments show a PSNR performance comparable to the state-of-the-art but at a fraction of their computational cost. © 2012 IEEE.

Muhammad, KS & Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu 1970, 'Two-switch ZCS totem-pole bridgeless PFC boost rectifier', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, Malaysia, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper, a new two-switch zero current switching (ZCS) bridgeless boost rectifier with high power factor (PF) is proposed. The proposed bridgeless converter is based on a totem-pole configuration which allows the current to flow from high side to low side and vice versa during resonance. Hence, no auxiliary switch is needed to provide soft switching for all semiconductor devices. An average current mode controlled is employed to provide high PF and smooth input current waveform. A detailed analysis of the converter operations and controls are presented. © 2012 IEEE.

Mujtaba, M, Nanda, P & He, X 1970, 'Border Gateway Protocol Anomaly Detection Using Failure Quality Control Method', 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Liverpool, UK, pp. 1239-1244.
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de-facto inter-domain routing protocol used across thousands of Autonomous Systems (AS) joined together in the Internet. Security has been a major issue for BGP. Nevertheless, BGP suffers from serious threats even today, like Denial of Service (DoS) attack and misconfiguration of routing information. BGP is one of the complex routing protocols and hard to configure against malicious attacks. However, it is important to detect such malicious activities in a network, which could otherwise cause problems for availability of services in the Internet. In this paper we use the Failure Quality Control (FQC), a technique to detect anomaly packets in the network for real time intrusion detection. © 2012 IEEE.

Mukunthan, A, Cooper, C, Safaei, F, Franklin, D, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'Studying the Impact of the CORNER Propagation Model on VANET Routing in Urban Environments', 2012 IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC FALL), IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Québec City, QC, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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Nguyen, AV, Nguyen, LB, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Development of a Bayesian neural network to perform obstacle avoidance for an intelligent wheelchair', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1884-1887.
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This paper presents an extension of a real-time obstacle avoidance algorithm for our laser-based intelligent wheelchair, to provide independent mobility for people with physical, cognitive, and/or perceptual impairments. The laser range finder URG-04LX mounted on the front of the wheelchair collects immediate environment information, and then the raw laser data are directly used to control the wheelchair in real-time without any modification. The central control role is an obstacle avoidance algorithm which is a neural network trained under supervision of Bayesian framework, to optimize its structure and weight values. The experiment results demonstrated that this new approach provides safety, smoothness for autonomous tasks and significantly improves the performance of the system in difficult tasks such as door passing. © 2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, JS, Nguyen, TN, Tran, Y, Su, SW, Craig, A, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Real-time Performance of a Hands-free Semi-autonomous Wheelchair System Using a Combination of Stereoscopic and Spherical Vision', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 3069-3072.
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This paper is concerned with the operational performance of a semi-autonomous wheelchair system named TIM (Thought-controlled Intelligent Machine), which uses cameras in a system configuration modeled on the vision system of a horse. This new camera configuration utilizes stereoscopic vision for 3-Dimensional (3D) depth perception and mapping ahead of the wheelchair, combined with a spherical camera system for 360-degrees of monocular vision. The unique combination allows for static components of an unknown environment to be mapped and any surrounding dynamic obstacles to be detected, during real-time autonomous navigation, minimizing blind-spots and preventing accidental collisions with people or obstacles. Combining this vision system with a shared control strategy provides intelligent assistive guidance during wheelchair navigation, and can accompany any hands-free wheelchair control technology for people with severe physical disability. Testing of this system in crowded dynamic environments has displayed the feasibility and real-time performance of this system when assisting hands-free control technologies, in this case being a proof-of-concept brain-computer interface (BCI). © 2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, LB, Nguyen, AV, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'A Particle Swarm Optimization-based Neural Network for Detecting Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Using Electroencephalography Signals', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 2730-2735.
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For patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), hypoglycemia or the state of low blood glucose level is a very common but dangerous complication. Hypoglycemia episodes can lead to a large number of serious symptoms and effects, including unconsciousness, coma and even death. The variety of hypoglycemia symptoms is originated from the inadequate supply of glucose to the brain. By analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals from five T1DM patients during an overnight study, we find that under hypoglycemia, both centroid theta frequency and centroid alpha frequency change significantly against non-hypoglycemia conditions. Furthermore, a neural network is developed to detect hypoglycemia using the mentioned two EEG features. A standard particle swarm optimization strategy is applied to optimize the parameters of this neural network. By using the proposed method, we obtain the classification performance of 82% sensitivity and 63% specificity. The results demonstrate that hypoglycemia episodes can be detected non-invasively and effectively from EEG signals.

Nguyen, LB, Nguyen, AV, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'An Adaptive Strategy of Classification for Detecting Hypoglycemia using Only Two EEG Channels', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 3515-3518.
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Hypoglycemia is the most common but highly feared side effect of the insulin therapy for patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Severe episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to unconsciousness, coma, and even death. The variety of hypoglycemic symptoms arises from the activation of the autonomous central nervous system and from reduced cerebral glucose consumption. In this study, electroencephalography (EEG) signals from five T1DM patients during an overnight clamp study were measured and analyzed. By applying a method of feature extraction using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and classification using neural networks, we establish that hypoglycemia can be detected non-invasively using EEG signals from only two channels. This paper demonstrates that a significant advantage can be achieved by implementing adaptive training. By adapting the classifier to a previously unseen person, the classification results can be improved from 60% sensitivity and 54% specificity to 75% sensitivity and 67% specificity.

Nicholson, A, Jenkins, J, van Schaik, A, Hamilton, TJ & Lehmann, T 1970, 'A 1.2V 2-bit phase interpolator for 65nm CMOS', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE, pp. 2039-2042.
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We present a digital phase interpolator (PI) design for 65nm CMOS that avoids conventional analog structures, accurately achieves 2-bits phase resolution across a range of rise time and input delays from t rise: 48ps → 200ps using a ratio t rise/t delay of at least 1 or greater. Increased accuracy is available for certain rise times using ratios increasing between 1 and 10 as verified by simulations across process corners using extracted parasitic capacitances but ignoring MOSFET mismatch effects. Power consumption was estimated at 30nW/MHz → 38nW/MHz across a range of process variation corners in these operating conditions. Monte Carlo simulations across process and MOSFET mismatch conditions show large variations in estimated accuracy. Monte Carlo trials show the PI achieves a worst case DNL error (mean±3σ) of 1.06 LSB using t rise/t delay ratio of 5.3 and 48ps rise time, and a worst case DNL error (mean ±2σ) of 0.49 LSB for t rise/t delay ratio of 4 and 84ps rise time. © 2012 IEEE.

Nuryani, N, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Hybrid Particle Swarm-based Fuzzy Support Vector Machine for Hypoglycemia Detection', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Australia, pp. 450-455.
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Severe hypoglycemia is potentially life-threatening. This article introduces a novel hypoglycemia detection strategy using a hybrid particle swarm - based fuzzy support vector machine (SFisSvm) technique. The inputs of this system are six electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters. The system parameters of SFisSvm are optimized using a particle swarm optimization method. The proposed hypoglycemia detector system is a combination of two subsystems, namely, fuzzy inference system (FIS) and support vector machine (SVM). Two most significant inputs, heart rate and RTpc are fed to FIS, and its output is used for input of the SVM. The other ECG parameters and the output of FIS are fed to SVM and, then, are classified to indicate the presence of hypoglycemia. In this study, three and five membership functions are investigated for FIS. Furthermore, radial basis function (RBF), sigmoid and linear kernel functions are employed for mapping the inputs to high dimensional space in SVM. Performances of SFisSvm with different kernel functions are compared. As conclusion, the performance of SFisSvm is found with 75.19%, 83.71% and 79.33% in terms of sensitivity, specificity and geometric mean.

Obaidullah, K & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Efficient algorithm with lognormal distributions for overloaded MIMO wireless system', 2012 Conference Handbook - Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2012.
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Due to outstanding search strength and well organized steps, genetic algorithm (GA) has gained high interest in the field of overloaded multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications system. For overloaded MIMO system employing spatial multiplexing transmission we evaluate the performance and complexity of genetic algorithm (GA)-based detection, against the maximum-likelihood (ML) approach. We consider transmit-correlated fading channels with realistic Laplacian power azimuth spectrum. The values of the azimuth spread (AS) and Rician K-factor are set by the means of the lognormal distributions obtained from WINNER II channel models. First, we confirm that for constant complexity, GA performance is same for different combinations of GA parameters. Then, we compare the GA performance with ML in several WINNER II scenarios and channel matrix means. Finally, we compare the complexity of GA with ML. We find that GA perform similarly with ML throughout the SNR points for different scenarios and different deterministic rank. We also find that for achieving performance, GA complexity is much less than ML and thus, is an advantage in field programmable gate array (FPGA) design. © 2012 APSIPA.

Obaidullah, K & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Efficient algorithm with WINNER II lognormal distributions for MIMO systems', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Odeh, N, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & Franklin, DR 1970, 'On the impact of RD link in resource allocation for multi-cell OFDMA cooperative relay networks with partial CSI.', ISCIT, International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, pp. 690-695.
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is paper investigates the impact of the relay-to-destination channel gain on subcarrier allocation for uplink OFDMA based cooperative relay networks using multiple amplify-and- forward (AF) relaying protocols. The closed form outage probability is derived for the system under partial channel state information (PCSI) and considering the presence of intercell interference (ICI). The results show that the impact of the link between the relay station and the destination is very low when the ICI is high. Hence, under this condition, the channel information of this link can be ignored during the resource allocation which significantly reduces the complexity of the resource allocation processes. Furthermore, this paper quantifies the level of interference at which the RD link can be ignored.

Orchi, TF, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Stability improvement of wind farms using shunt and series compensation', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Green Smart Grid Systems, IEEE, Bali, INDONESIA.
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This paper presents a comparison of the performance of series and shunt compensation in stability improvement of wind farms. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) are used as shunt and series compensator respectively in order to enhance the system stability. The effect of control parameter tuning is also analysed. A comparison is also made between the required ratings of STATCOM and SSSC. To maintain permissible voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) SSSC can perform well as STATCOM with lower voltage rating if it is placed at suitable position in the network. Effects of load variation and fault duration are investigated through nonlinear simulations. Constant power load is considered and varied with time to investigate the load changing effect. Simulations are carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment on a test system. It is found that both STATCOM and SSSC can enhance the performance of wind farms, however, they can be selected for a system depending on the system structure and operating conditions. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Orgerie, A-C, Gonçalves, P, Davis, M, Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'Distributed Simulation and Visualization of Unsteady Flows in a Transcontinental Context', Supercomputing.

Orgerie, A-C, Gonçalves, P, Imbert, M, Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'Survey of Network Metrology Platforms', 2012 IEEE/IPSJ 12th International Symposium on Applications and the Internet, 2012 IEEE/IPSJ 12th International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT), IEEE, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 220-225.
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Ostos, JC & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Modeling and analysis of CCM non-isolated high step-up interleaved buck-boost dc/dc converters', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, Malaysia, pp. 28-31.
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This paper presents a new non-isolated high step-up topology by connecting two buck-boost DC/DC converters in the interleaved form. The presented topology has two identical buck-boost converters connected in a parallel-input, series-output manner for boosting the output voltage. This new topology can serve as an alternative to the typically used transformer isolated converter topology. A low-frequency modeling technique MISSCO is used to model and analyse the converter and simulations results are shown. © 2012 IEEE.

Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Xu, M & Cui, Y 1970, '3D Pose Estimation of Front Vehicle Towards a Better Driver Assistance System', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), IEEE, Melbourne Australia, pp. 522-527.
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Driver assistance system enhances traffic safety and efficiency. Accurate 3D pose of front vehicle can help driver to make right decisions on road. We propose a novel real-time system to estimate 3D pose of the front vehicle. This system consists of two parallel threads: vehicle rear tracking and mapping. Vehicle rear is firstly identified in the video captured by an on-board camera, after license plate localization and foreground extraction. 3D pose estimation technique is then employed with respect to extracted vehicle rear. Most 3D pose estimation techniques need prior models or a stereo initialization with user cooperation. It is extremely difficult to obtain prior models due to various appearances of vehicle rears. Moreover, it is unsafe to ask for driver's cooperation when vehicle is running. In our system, two initial key frames for stereo algorithm are automatically extracted by vehicle rear detection and tracking. Map points are defined as a collection of point features extracted from vehicle rear with their 3D information. These map points are inferences that relating 2D features detected in following vehicle rears with 3D world. Relative 3D Pose between current vehicle rear and on-board camera is then estimated through mapping that matches map points with current point features. We demonstrate the abilities of our system by augmented reality, which needs accurate and real-time 3D pose estimation. © 2012 IEEE.

Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Xu, M & Cui, Y 1970, 'Vehicle Type Classification Using PCA with Self-Clustering', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 384-389.
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Different conditions, such as occlusions, changes of lighting, shadows and rotations, make vehicle type classification still a challenging task, especially for real-time applications. Most existing methods rely on presumptions on certain conditions, such as lighting conditions and special camera settings. However, these presumptions usually do not work for applications in real world. In this paper, we propose a robust vehicle type classification method based on adaptive multi-class Principal Components Analysis (PCA). We treat car images captured at daytime and night-time separately. Vehicle front is extracted by examining vehicle front width and the location of license plate. Then, after generating eigenvectors to represent extracted vehicle fronts, we propose a PCA method with self-clustering to classify vehicle type. The comparison experiments with the state of art methods and real-time evaluations demonstrate the promising performance of our proposed method. Moreover, as we do not find any public database including sufficient desired images, we built up online our own database including 4924 high-resolution images of vehicle front view for further research on this topic. © 2012 IEEE.

Peng, Y, Luo, S, Xu, M, Ni, Z, Jin, JS, Wang, J & Zhao, G 1970, 'Bag of features using sparse coding for gender classification', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ICIMCS '12: The 4th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ACM, Wuhan, China, pp. 80-83.
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Gender classification is challenging. Methods for gender classification need to discriminate subtle differences between male and female. Bag-of-Features (BoF) method with sparse coding has been proven very powerful in image classification. In this paper, we apply BoF method for gender classification. We use two sets of images: training images and testing images. All images are represented by a set of Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors. In training stage, using sparse coding, Visual Words Dictionary (VWD) is constructed from SIFT descriptors extracted from training images. In testing, SIFT descriptors of testing images are approximated by visual words in VWD. The choices of approximating visual words determine the classification decision. We apply our method and another two popular methods on public dataset for gender classification. We achieved promising results. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

Peng, Y, Xu, M, Ni, Z, Jin, JS & Luo, S 1970, 'Accurate Pedestrian Counting System Based on Local Features', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Singapore, pp. 850-860.
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Accurate pedestrian counting are challenging in real-world due to occlusions, pedestrians' overlays or camera view sensitive. In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust pedestrian detection and counting system to address these problems. Our proposed method is group-based, where the count of people in a dense moving group is estimated as a whole. Moving groups containing single or several pedestrians are discriminated from other moving objects. Our method utilizes 9 features of each moving group within a video frame to estimate the pedestrian number in each group. Pedestrian counts are optimized by a novel tracking method, which is based on an analysis of moving groups match, split or merge. Comparison experiments with other two current methods on three benchmark surveillance videos show the effectiveness of our proposed method. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Pham, DH, Hunter, G, Li, L & Zhu, J 1970, 'Microgrid topology for different applications in Vietnam', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper proposes a common microgrid including distributed energy resources (DER) like diesel generation, photovoltaic cells (PV cells), wind turbine or other renewable energy sources (RES), an energy storage system and both ac and dc loads. This micro grid topology is applicable to various areas such as city buildings, a factory, a household, a small village or a rural farm. Case study for several areas will also be presented in this paper. For different cases, depending on the strength of the utility grid, the number of available DER and user convenience, ac, dc or hybrid microgrid can be applied. To improve the reliability of the microgrid, an energy storage system made of batteries connected in series is established to support the bus voltage immediately when the microgrid is disconnected from the main grid and when in stand-alone mode. This energy storage system can be charged from the main bus voltage through a converter. Overall, the microgrid is controlled by a microgrid control center. As an example, establishment and operation of microgrid for a rural farm will be shown. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Pham, HN, Fujita, H, Uchida, N & Ozaki, K 1970, 'Heat distribution control using current amplitude and phase angle in zone-control induction heating systems', 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Raleigh, NC, USA, pp. 2474-2481.
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This paper proposes a new control method to expand the controllable zone number in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system. The ZCIH system consists of multiple working coils and multiple inverters to control the amplitude and phase angle of each coil current to obtain uniformity in the temperature profile across a workpiece. The ZCIH system makes it possible to control the heat distribution, resulting in a fast heating capability at high temperature conditions. This paper derives a relation between the coil currents and the heat generated on each zone, when the phase angle between coil currents are controlled. Based on the analysis, a new control method is proposed to control the generated heat across the workpiece by adjusting both amplitudes and phase angles of the coil currents. Experimental results clarified that the proposed method can control the heat generated on five zones using only three working coils. As a result, N working coils are possible to control the heat generated on 2N1 zones, leading to a remarkable heat distribution improvement and/or a significant cost reduction in the ZCIH system.

Phan, AH & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Optimized beamforming problem in Amplify-forward wireless MIMO relay networks', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2577-2581.
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Total relay transmit power minimization in Amplify-forward (AF) MIMO relay beamforming is naturally formulated as an indefinite quadratic (nonconvex) program and then semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique can be used to locate their optimal solutions. Indeed, SDR often gives rank-one optimal solution within a low number of relaying antennas and communicating users. However, as the antennas number increases, the computational complexity of SDR grows up explosively that requires a huge amount of additional variables. In this paper, a more efficient problem formulation is introduced, which needs a much reduced number of auxiliary variables but the optimal solutions are still achieved iteratively. Furthermore, it works as well as for max-min relay power optimization, for which SDR seems to be powerless for solution. Simulation shows the viability of the proposed approach. © 2012 IEEE.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'D.C. iterations for SINR maximin multicasting in Cognitive radio', 2012 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2012 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2012), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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The design of transmit beamforming vectors to maximize the threshold of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINR) at the secondary receivers in cognitive multicast transmission is maximin optimization of quadratic fractional functions. There is no efficient solver for this hard maximin program. In the present paper, we show that the program can be effectively represented by a canonical d.c. (difference of convex functions) program of the same size. Accordingly, d.c. iterations are derived to locate its optimized solution. Our thorough numerical examples verify that the proposed algorithms offer almost global optimality whilst requiring relatively low computational load. © 2012 IEEE.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'Spectral optimization for beamforming in MIMO relay wireless networks', 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, Hue, Vietnam, pp. 156-160.
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The amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay beamforming problems are conventionally formulated as nonconvex quadratic programs, and then the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique can be used to locate their optimal solutions. Although this technique can obtain the optimal beamforming, it introduces a large number of additional variables. Therefore, the computational complexity of the SDR method is prohibitively high when the number of antennas is high. In this paper, we recast the MIMO relay beamforming problem as an optimization problem of spectral functions. As compared to previous SDR methods, our formulation significantly reduces the number of auxiliary variables while the optimal solutions are still achieved by an efficient iterative algorithm. Consequently, as shown by numerical simulations, our proposed method offers a lower computational time as compared to the SDR formulation.

Politi, N, Jenkins, J, van Schaik, A, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A method for measuring switching frequency using complex asynchronous logic circuits', 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2012-2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, pp. 679-682.
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In order to optimize logic libraries for high-speed operation, and be able to compare new library designs with existing ones, a method that allows switching frequency measurement on-chip is required. In this paper we present a measurement technique to evaluate the switching frequency (and therefore the maximum speed) of digital circuits. The method utilizes asynchronous logic, and is flexible-allowing measurements and comparison to be performed on digital circuits of varying complexity. This measurement method was integrated onto an IC in a 65nm CMOS technology. We provide simulation results that show that the technique is not only able to provide switching frequency measurements but can also identify the critical path through the circuit under test. Such information is critical for logic library optimization. © 2012 IEEE.

Pourashraf, P, Safaei, F, Franklin, DR & IEEE 1970, 'Distributed Area of Interest Management for Large-Scale Immersive Video Conferencing', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO WORKSHOPS (ICMEW), IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 139-144.
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Although video conferencing and its related applications have grown into a significant research area, the limited scalability of conference size is still a major problem. In this paper, a range of strategies for real-time area of interest (AOI) management in a 3D immersive video conference (IVC) are evaluated with the objective of minimising the required video transmission capacity and hence maximising the number of concurrent users. The paper shows that with judicious application of these techniques, the download capacity requirements of clients can be reduced by as much as 90% in a crowded virtual space.

Qin, PY, Ding, C & Guo, YJ 1970, 'A high-gain beam-steering quasi-yagi antenna', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 122-125.
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Recently, beam-steering reconfigurable antennas have gained considerable attention due to their capability of enhancing the performance of wireless communication systems [1]-[5]. By changing the main beam direction, they have the potential to avoid noise sources, to mitigate the multipath fading, to provide larger coverage, and to save energy. Unfortunately, most of the currently reported beam steering antennas suffer from either the low realized gain or the very small overlapped impedance bandwidth. In [1] and [2], rectangular single-arm spiral antennas are employed to realize beam scanning. The gains of the antennas in [1] and [2] are between 3-6 dBi and 4 dBi, respectively, and the bandwidths of the two antennas are about 6% (axial ratio bandwidth) and about 1.4% (50MHz at 3.7 GHz), respectively. In addition, a four-element L-shaped antenna array is proposed that can switch the main beam to 8 directions [3]. The gain of this design is around -0.5-2.1 dBi and the impedance bandwidth is 4% (2.42-2.54 GHz). In [4], a reconfigurable patch-slot-ring antenna is designed with both elevation and azimuth beam switching. The 6-dB impedance bandwidth for all modes is 2.6% centred at 2.05 GHz, and the measured peak gains are 6.1-6.7 dBi. Furthermore, a beam-tilting pattern reconfigurable microstrip parasitic dipole array is shown in [5] with an impedance bandwidth of 5%. The gain of this antenna is not reported. There is no doubt that the small impedance bandwidth or the low gain of the above antennas can significantly limit their applications. © 2012 IEICE.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Experimental analysis of a polarization reconfigurable antenna for MIMO systems', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 638-642.
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Qu, Z, Wang, J, Xu, M & Lu, H 1970, 'A Grid Based Resizing Framework via Effectively Combining Cropping with Warping', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2012, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Computer Society, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA, pp. 2997-3000.
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Image retargeting is a problem of adapting images to arbitrary aspect ratios in order to maximize users browsing experience. As two major solutions for image retargeting, warping and cropping have their own advantages and limitations respectively. In this paper, a grid based resizing framework is proposed for effectively combining warping with cropping. Firstly, warping preserves more important content within the cropping window through retaining the aspect ratios of salient grids and distorting the non-salient ones. Secondly, cropping provides extra space for warping to absorb the spatial deformation and assures the important content is retained in retargeted image simultaneously. Finally the objective function is formulated as two energy terms for warping and cropping respectively. And, a nonlinear optimization is applied to obtain the retargeting results. Our approach could make warping and cropping complement each other, and improve the quality of retargeted image effectively. Experiments and comparisons on the ReTargetMe dataset demonstrate the superiority of our approach.

Radmanesh, N, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'Wideband Sound Reproduction in a 2D Multi-zone System Using a Combined Two-stage Lasso-LS Algorithm', 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM), IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM), IEEE, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp. 453-456.
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This paper addresses the provision of personal soundfields (zones) to multiple listeners in a space for which there are several fixed, virtual sources. For such multizone systems, optimization of speaker positions and weightings is important to reduce the number of active speakers. In this paper a two stage pressure matching optimization is proposed for wideband sound sources (such as speech signals). In the first stage, the least-absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) is used to select the speakers' positions for all sources and frequencies. A second stage then optimizes reproduction using all selected speakers on the basis of regularized least-squares (LS) or Lasso algorithm. The performance of these new, two-stage approaches is investigated for different speaker numbers, frequency range and reproduction angles. Results show that a limited arc of speakers using a two-stage optimization can give up to 38dB improvement in zone normalized squared error over a single-stage LS optimization.

Rafiei, A, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Safaei, F 1970, 'WSNs Coverage Hole Partial Recovery by Nodes' Constrained and Autonomous Movements Using Virtual alpha-chords', ICWMC 2012, The Eighth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), XPS (Xpert Publishing Services) / IARIA, Venice, pp. 74-80.

Rahman, BMA, Leung, DMH, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Finite element solutions of nanophotonics devices', AIP Conference Proceedings, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2009: (ICCMSE 2009), AIP, pp. 1283-1286.
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Rahman, MS, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Agent based power system transient stability enhancement', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON 2012), IEEE, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND.
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Rahman, SA, Walker, PD, Zhang, N, Zhu, JG & Du, H 1970, 'A Comparative Study of Vehicle Drive Performance and Energy Efficiency', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Automotive Technologies, International Conference on Sustainable Automotive Technologies, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, pp. 319-324.
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In this paper, two typres of increasingly more efficient and greener vehicles are analyzed and compared. These vehicles are: a proposed conceptual series-parrallel powertrain, the University of Technology, Sydney plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (UTS PHEV); and, a conventional series-parrallel hybrid electric vehicle with an internal combustion engine. The UTS PHEV requires only a single electric machine to function as an electric motor or generator in different time intervals controlled by a special energy management strategy. The UTS PHEV uses two energy storage device, the battery and the untracapacitor, which can work together effectively to maintain the state of charge at a high level in order to improve the vehicle drive performance and energy efficiency. With the assistance of a novel automatic transmission, the UTS PHEV can operate under multiple modes to suit the needs of various driving cycles including those in an emergency. A special power and energy management strategy was developed to control the power flows within the vehicle according to the desired operating mode.

Rashid, U, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Maximin relay beamforming in multi-user amplify-forward wireless relay networks', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3008-3012.
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This paper considers beamforming problem in relay-assisted multi-user communication and presents an efficient algorithm to solve Min-max optimization of information throughput under limited power resources. We use DC programming and penalty function method to handle the inherent non-convexity of the associated objective function and follow an iterative procedure to solve for the global optimal beamforming vector. Extensive simulations are performed to establish the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm over conventional techniques based on randomization. © 2012 IEEE.

Rashid, U, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Kha, HH 1970, 'Multisensor data fusion in nonlinear Bayesian filtering', 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, Hue, Vietnam, pp. 351-354.
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In this paper, an optimal multisensor data fusion method is proposed to estimate the state of a highly nonlinear dynamic model. Data fusion from spatially distributed sensors is expressed as a semi definite program (SDP) that aims at minimizing mean-squared error (MSE) of the state estimate under total transmit power constraints. Furthermore, a Bayesian filtering technique, based on unscented transformations and linear fractional transformations (LFT), is presented under multisensor framework to implement the SDP. Extensive simulations are performed to justify effectiveness of the proposed multisensor scheme over a single sensor supplied with the same power budget as that of the entire sensor network.

Roy, NK, Pota, HR, Hossain, MJ & Cornforth, D 1970, 'An effective VAR planning to improve dynamic voltage profile of distribution networks with distributed wind generation', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE.
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This paper proposes an effective VAR planning based on reactive power margin for the enhancement of dynamic voltage stability in distribution networks with distributed wind generation. The analysis is carried over a distribution test system representative of the Kumamoto area in Japan. The detailed mathematical modeling of the system is also presented. Firstly, this paper provides simulation results showing the effects of composite load on voltage dynamics in the distribution network through an accurate time-domain analysis. Then, a cost-effective combination of shunt capacitor bank and distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) is selected to ensure fast voltage recovery after a sudden disturbance. The analysis shows that the proposed approach can reduce the size of compensating devices, which in turn, reduces the cost. It also reduces power loss of the system. © 2012 IEEE.

Roy, NK, Pota, HR, Hossain, MJ & Cornforth, D 1970, 'Impact of SCIG and DFIG type wind turbine on the stability of distribution networks: Static and dynamic aspects', 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), IEEE, pp. 543-548.
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This paper presents potential barriers to integrate the squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) type wind turbine in distribution networks. The analysis is carried out over a 16 bus distribution test system. Both static and dynamic analyses are performed to see the impact of two different generators on the distribution system. The simulation results show that both SCIG and DFIG type wind turbines have significant impact on the static voltage stability, power loss, and dynamic behavior of the system, which should be taken into account to improve systems performance before integrating wind generation in existing distribution networks. © 2012 IEEE.

Sabbagh, AAL, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'A mobility optimization CRRM approach for Next Generation Wireless Networks', 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 609-613.
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Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. This is achieved through the integration of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) over a common platform. Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) was proposed to manage radio resource utilization in heterogeneous wireless networks and to provide required Quality of Service (QoS) for allocated calls. RAT selection algorithms are an integral part of the CRRM algorithms. Their role is to decide, when a new or Vertical Handover (VHO) call is requested, which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and when to admit them. In this paper, we propose an intelligent hybrid RAT selection approach for mobility optimization (patent pending) which includes sorting available RATs, collecting information on each RAT using the IEEE P1900.4 Protocol, and making decisions for selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comparison for the performance of centralized load-balancing, distributed and the proposed mobility optimization algorithms is presented in terms of new calls blocking probability, VHO calls dropping probability and satisfactions probability. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the centralized load-balancing and distributed algorithms in terms of blocking, dropping and satisfactions probabilities. © 2012 IEEE.

Saito, K, Kitao, K, Imai, T & Miura, S 1970, 'Human-body shadowing modeling for indoor quasi-static MIMO channels', ISAPE2012, 2012 10th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory (ISAPE - 2012), IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Massive MIMO can dramatically improve capacity and spectral efficiency. However, it is not very clear whether it can significantly improve the signal blockage problem that exists in single antenna systems. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the human body on indoor massive MIMO channels, using practically measured channel data for a 32x8 massive MIMO system in a complex office environment. We introduce a parameter of Power Imbalance (PI) indices to estimate the wide-sense none-stationarity in multiple domains and another parameter of Channel Popularity Indices (CPI) to predict the popularity of MIMO channel. We find that in most cases, the presence of the human body still has a non- negligible negative impact. It decreases the ergodic capacity by about 8% and increases the path loss exponent by 1. In average, the ergodic capacity for NLOS channels are 15% higher than that for LOS.

Salman, N, Guo, YJ, Kemp, AH & Ghogho, M 1970, 'Analysis of linear least square solution for RSS based localization', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 1051-1054.
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Positioning of wireless devices has received a great deal of interest from researchers in the last decade. In order to locate nodes in low complexity and power efficient networks, the received signal strength (RSS) based positioning systems have been the center of focus. RSS based localization needs no additional hardware and hence is favored for low complexity and cheap localization networks. A major source of error in RSS location estimation is due to shadowing effects in multipath wireless channels. In this paper we analyze the performance of RSS location estimator based on the linear least square approach. We derive expressions for mean square error (MSE) and bias of location estimates. The theoretical analysis is compared with simulation results and it is observed that the analysis accurately predicts the performance of the location estimation. We also discuss the impact of reference node placement on estimation bias. © 2012 IEEE.

San, PP, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Intelligent Detection of Hypoglycemic Episodes in Children with Type 1 Diabetes using Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 6325-6328.
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Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is the most common complication experienced by Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. It is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. The most common physiological parameter to be effected from hypoglycemic reaction are heart rate (HR) and correct QT interval (QTc) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Based on physiological parameters, an intelligent diagnostics system, using the hybrid approach of adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), is developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemia. The proposed ANFIS is characterized by adaptive neural network capabilities and the fuzzy inference system. To optimize the membership functions and adaptive network parameters, a global learning optimization algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM) is used. For clinical study, 15 children with Type 1 diabetes volunteered for an overnight study. All the real data sets are collected from the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Several experiments were conducted with 5 patients each, for a training set (184 data points), a validation set (192 data points) and a testing set (153 data points), which are randomly selected. The effectiveness of the proposed detection method is found to be satisfactory by giving better sensitivity, 79.09% and acceptable specificity, 51.82%. © 2012 IEEE.

Schulte, J, Duc, NA, Hoang, DB, Elliott, D, McKinley, S & Nanda, P 1970, 'A remote sensor-based 6-minute functional walking ability test', 2012 IEEE Sensors, 2012 IEEE Sensors, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-4.
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This paper proposes and implements an integrated remote sensor-based 6-minute walk test (6MWT) for monitoring a patient's clinical condition and correlate this data to the walking activity that the patient is performing to assess his/her functional ability and physical performance. The 6MWT is known to be one of the most effective rehabilitation tests for a clinician to assess individuals with a variety of clinical conditions including survivors of a critical illness. Our method deploys body sensors for measuring health conditions and an on-body accelerometer for detecting motion. An intelligent algorithm was developed to detect a walk step, count the number of steps, and dynamically derive the step distance based on an individual's real-time walking parameters. The path and the derived walk distance are then related to their vital signs to assess their functional ability under various walk conditions. Our remote 6MWT is being considered for a telehealth rehabilitation procedure in an integrated assistive healthcare system. © 2012 IEEE.

Shen, Y, Miao, Z & Zhang, J 1970, 'Unsupervised online learning trajectory analysis based on weighted directed graph', Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, International Conference on Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 1306-1309.
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In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised online learning trajectory analysis method based on weighted directed graph. Each trajectory can be represented as a sequence of key points. In the training stage, unsupervised expectation-maximization algorithm (EM) is applied for training data to cluster key points. Each class is a Gaussian distribution. It is considered as a node of the graph. According to the classification of key points, we can build a weighted directed graph to represent the trajectory network in the scene. Each path is a category of trajectories. In the test stage, we adopt online EM algorithm to classify trajectories and update the graph. In the experiments, we test our approach and obtain a good performance compared with state-of-the-art approaches. © 2012 ICPR Org Committee.

Shi, X, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Realistic Rician fading channel based optimal linear MIMO precoding evaluation', 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing, 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP), IEEE.
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Siwakoti, YP & Town, GE 1970, 'Three-phase transformerless grid connected Quasi Z-Source Inverter for solar photovoltaic systems with minimal leakage current', 2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), IEEE, pp. 368-373.
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We present the design of 3-phase transformerless grid connected Quasi Z-Source Inverter with minimal leakage current, suitable for application in solar photovoltaic systems. A modified space vector pulse width modulation technique with a reduced number of commutations per sector was used to minimize the leakage current without adding extra circuitry (filters and/or leakage current isolation/bypass circuits) in a transformerless Quasi Z-Source Inverter. Theoretical analysis of the proposed system is presented in detail and verified using Matlab Simulink®. © 2012 IEEE.

Sun, X, Cui, H, Liu, R, Chen, J & Liu, Y 1970, 'Multistep ahead prediction for real-time VBR video traffic using deterministic echo state network', 2012 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems, 2012 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 928-931.
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Variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic, exhibiting high self-similarity and burstiness, has been a major traffic component in high speed network. However, its complex bit rate distribution makes VBR video traffic prediction, especially multistep ahead prediction, very difficult. Recently, deterministic echo state network with adjacent-feedback loop reservoir structure (ALR) was proved to have high prediction accuracy, good memory capacity, and simple structure. In the paper, we apply ALR to real-time VBR video traffic prediction. The proposed scheme makes use of loop reservoir with identity activation function to conduct sample learning in high dimension states. Experimental results show that the simplified ALR scheme can effectively capture dynamic characteristics of VBR video traffic with less training time. Its multistep prediction accuracy is improved by 2% on average, compared with the neural network based on multi-resolution learning. © 2012 IEEE.

Sun, Z, Zhong, SS, Esselle, KP, Guo, J & Cai, Y 1970, 'Broadband dual-band dual-polarized overlapped antenna element', 2012 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC), 2012 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC), IEEE, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 223-226.
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A broadband dual-band dual-polarized (DBDP) shared-aperture array is proposed, where the novel L- and C- band overlapped stacked patches are designed as the unit cell of full array. The impedance bandwidth in the lower band is enhanced by avoiding perforation. The DBDP unit cell prototype has been fabricated to validate the overlapped-structure feasibility for phased array applications. The impedance bandwidths (|S 11 | ≤ -10dB) of 17.6% (219MHz) and 15% (790 MHz) are measured in L- and C-band, respectively, while good radiation patterns are also confirmed in both bands. © 2012 IEEE.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P & Liu, RP 1970, 'Triangle-Area-Based Multivariate Correlation Analysis for Effective Denial-of-Service Attack Detection', 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Liverpool UK, pp. 33-40.
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Cloud computing plays an important role in current converged networks. It brings convenience of accessing services and information to users regardless of location and time. However, there are some critical security issues residing in cloud computing, such as availability of services. Denial of service occurring on cloud computing has even more serious impact on the Internet. Therefore, this paper studies the techniques for detecting Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks to network services and proposes an effective system for DoS attack detection. The proposed system applies the idea of Multivariate Correlation Analysis (MCA) to network traffic characterization and employs the principal of anomaly-based detection in attack recognition. This makes our solution capable of detecting known and unknown DoS attacks effectively by learning the patterns of legitimate network traffic only. Furthermore, a triangle area technique is proposed to enhance and speed up the process of MCA. The effectiveness of our proposed detection system is evaluated on the KDD Cup 99 dataset, and the influence of both non-normalized and normalized data on the performance of the detection system is examined. The results presented in the system evaluation section illustrate that our DoS attack detection system outperforms two state-of-theart approaches. © 2012 IEEE.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, RP 1970, 'Evaluation on multivariate correlation analysis based denial-of-service attack detection system', Proceedings of the First International Conference on Security of Internet of Things, SECURIT '12: First International Conference on Security of Internet of Things, ACM, Kollam, India, pp. 160-164.
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In this paper, a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack detection system is explored, where a multivariate correlation analysis technique based on Euclidean distance is applied for network traffic characterization and the principal of anomaly-based detection is employed in attack recognition. The effectiveness of the detection system is evaluated on the KDD Cup 99 dataset and the influence of data normalization on the performance of attack detection is analyzed in this paper as well. The evaluation results and comparisons prove that the detection system is effective in distinguishing DoS attack network traffic from legitimate network traffic and outperforms two state-of-the-art systems. Copyright 2012 ACM.

Thalakotuna, DN, Esselle, KP, Heimlich, M, Matekovits, L & Hay, SG 1970, 'A technique to extract dispersion characteristics of one-dimensional periodic structures', Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2012 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Chicago, IL.
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Thalakotuna, DNP, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP, Hay, S & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Dispersion analysis of a reconfigurable unit cell in a one dimensional periodic architecture', 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, pp. 2881-2883.
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Dispersion analysis of a unit cell in a one dimensional microstrip based periodic arrangement is studied. Topology of the unit cell allows it to reconfigure the internal design using active devices into two different states. Active devices are modeled using perfect electric conductors in this study, which take in to account the different state of the switches. The obtained dispersion diagram provides useful insight into bounded and unbounded modes inside the unit cell in both states. The modal analysis reveals the possible applications for this potentially reconfigurable unit cell based periodic arrangement in microwave filters and leaky wave antennas. © 2012 IEEE.

Thanigaivelan, B, Wiles, J & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A low power neural recording amplifier with programmable gain and bandwidth', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE, pp. 2219-2222.
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In this paper we present the design and implementation of a low power neural amplifier which has two programmable gains in two programmable bandwidths. The bandwidths are programmable between 0.7-300Hz, suitable for measuring local field potentials and 1.95-5.4kHz, suitable for measuring action potentials. The amplifier achieves a maximum gain of 79dB in the higher bandwidth. A chip has been designed and implemented using a 0.5μm technology with 8 neural amplifiers. On average the neural amplifier consumes less than 14μW at 3.3V. © 2012 IEEE.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Global optimization for human skin investigation in terahertz', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 5474-5477.
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In this paper, the electromagnetic interaction between human skin and terahertz radiation is investigated through the double Debye parametersâ extraction algorithm. The changes of skin content are contrasted at the frequencies below one terahertz(THz) but the recent approaches could provide only a rough estimation. We propose an global optimization based identification, which results in globally accurate estimators in the frequency range up to two THz, and thus supports the validity of Debye model for Terahertz waveâs propagation and reflection in skin. Simulation results confirm our prominent methodology.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'System identification for Terahertz wave's propagation and reflection in human skin', 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, Hue, Vietnam, pp. 364-368.
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This paper is concerned with parameter identification for the double Debye model of the Terahertz wave's propagation and reflection in human skin. The existing methods could provide estimators, which are accurate at the frequencies higher than one THz but rather row at the lower frequencies, where the majority of contrast for differentiating the changes of skin content is present. We propose another approach by using parametric quadratic optimization to locate the global optimal estimator. Simulation results confirm our reliable and prominent technique.

Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Study on thermoelastic dissipation in bulk mode resonators with etch holes', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Tynkkynen, J, Pham, NH & Fujita, H 1970, 'High-Frequency Cycloconverter for Domestic Induction Heating Appliances', IEEJ Japan Industry Application Society Conference,, IEEJ Japan Industry Application Society Conference, pp. 321-324.

Verma, V, Hossain, MJ, Saha, T & Chakraborty, C 1970, 'Performance of MRAS based speed estimators for grid connected doubly fed induction machines during voltage dips', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE, San Diego, CA.
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Villain, B, Davis, M, Ridoux, J, Veitch, D & Normand, N 1970, 'Probing the latencies of software timestamping', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication Proceedings, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication (ISPCS), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1-6.
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Wang, F, Toe, WJ, Harstone, A, Lee, WM, McGloin, D, Gao, Q, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C & Reece, PJ 1970, 'Mapping optical process in semiconductor nanowires using dynamic optical tweezers', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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We present a novel method for spatial mapping of the luminescent properties of single optically trapped semiconductor nanowires by combing dynamic optical tweezers with micro-photoluminescence. The technique involves the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) to control the axial position of the trapping focus relative to the excitation source and collection optics. When a nanowire is held in this arrangement, scanning the axial position of the trapping beam enables different sections of the nanowire axis to be probed. In this context we consider the axial resolution of the luminescence mapping and optimization of the nanowire trapping by spherical aberration correction. © 2012 SPIE.

Wang, R, Tapson, J, Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'An aVLSI programmable axonal delay circuit with spike timing dependent delay adaptation', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 2413-2416.
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Wang, S, Wu, Q, He, X & Xu, M 1970, 'On splitting dataset: Boosting Locally Adaptive Regression Kernels for car localization', 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV 2012), IEEE, Guangzhou, China (People's Republic of), pp. 1154-1159.
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In this paper, we study the impact of learning an Adaboost classifier with small sample set (i.e., with fewer training examples). In particular, we make use of car localization as an underlying application, because car localization can be widely used to various real world applications. In order to evaluate the performance of Adaboost learning with a few examples, we simply apply Adaboost learning to a recently proposed feature descriptor - Locally Adaptive Regression Kernel (LARK). As a type of state-of-the-art feature descriptor, LARK is robust against illumination changes and noises. More importantly, we use LARK because its spatial property is also favorable for our purpose (i.e., each patch in the LARK descriptor corresponds to one unique pixel in the original image). In addition to learning a detector from the entire training dataset, we also split the original training dataset into several sub-groups and then we train one detector for each sub-group. We compare those features associated using the detector of each sub-group with that of the detector learnt with the entire training dataset and propose improvements based on the comparison results. Our experimental results indicate that the Adaboost learning is only successful on a small dataset when those learnt features simultaneously satisfy two conditions that: 1. features are learnt from the Region of Interest (ROI), and 2. features are sufficiently far away from each other. © 2012 IEEE.

Wang, T, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Zhang, Y 1970, 'An assessment of the influence of sampling frequency on steady-state performance of PMSM drive system', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-4.
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This paper presents simulation and experimental studies of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control methods, including vector control (VC) or field oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC) and model predictive control (MPC). The steady-state performances under a range of sampling frequency (1.5k Hz-20k Hz) of each method are performed in Matlab/Simulink and dSAPCE system. A comprehensive analysis based on these tests shows that the efficiency of control methods (sampling frequency vs. torque ripple) decreases along with the increase of sampling frequency. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Wong, GY, Leung, FHF, Ling, S-H & IEEE 1970, 'Predicting Protein-Ligand Binding Site with Differential Evolution and Support Vector Machine', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Australia, pp. 2724-2729.
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Identification of protein-ligand binding site is an important task in structure-based drug design and docking algorithms. In these two decades, many different approaches have been developed to predict the binding site, such as geometric, energetic and sequence-based methods. When the scores are calculated from these methods, the method of classification is very important and can affect the prediction results greatly. A developed support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the pockets, which are most likely to bind ligands with the attributes of grid value, interaction potential, offset from protein, conservation score and the information around the pockets. Since SVM is sensitive to the input parameters and the positive samples are more relevant than negative samples, differential evolution (DE) is applied to find out the suitable parameters for SVM. We compare our algorithm to four other approaches: LIGSITE, SURFNET, PocketFinder and Concavity. Our algorithm is found to provide the highest success rate.

Wu, Y, Lu, S, Mei, T, Zhang, J & Li, S 1970, 'Local visual words coding for low bit rate mobile visual search', Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '12: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Nara, Japan., pp. 989-992.
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Mobile visual search has attracted extensive attention for its huge potential for numerous applications. Research on this topic has been focused on two schemes: sending query images, and sending compact descriptors extracted on mobile phones. The first scheme requires about 30-40KB data to transmit, while the second can reduce the bit rate by 10 times. In this paper, we propose a third scheme for extremely low bit rate mobile visual search, which sends compressed visual words consisting of vocabulary tree histogram and descriptor orientations rather than descriptors. This scheme can further reduce the bit rate with few extra computational costs on the client. Specifically, we store a vocabulary tree and extract visual descriptors on the mobile client. A light-weight pre-retrieval is performed to obtain the visited leaf nodes in the vocabulary tree. The orientation of each local descriptor and the tree histogram are then encoded to be transmitted to server. Our new scheme transmits less than 1KB data, which reduces the bit rate in the second scheme by 3 times, and obtains about 30% improvement in terms of search accuracy over the traditional Bag-of-Words baseline. The time cost is only 1.5 secs on the client and 240 msecs on the server. © 2012 ACM.

Xianjun Yang, Dutkiewicz, E, Qimei Cui, Xiaofeng Tao, Guo, YJ & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Compressed Network Coding for Distributed Storage in Wireless Sensor Networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 816-821.
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Distributed storage plays a very important role in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially in catastrophic scenarios. To improve the energy efficiency of distributed storage, this paper proposes a Compressed Network Coding based Distributed Storage (CNCDS) scheme. Exploiting the correlation of sensor readings and utilizing the Compressed Sensing (CS) theory and network coding technology, the proposed CNCDS scheme achieves good energy efficiency by reducing the number of transmissions and receptions. Theoretical analysis proves that, the measurement matrix of CNCDS scheme guarantees good CS recovery performance. Simulation results show that, compared with the conventional ICStorage scheme, the proposed CNCDS scheme reduces the number of transmissions, the number of receptions and the CS recovery mean squared error (MSE) by up to 55%, 74% and 76% respectively. In contrast to the conventional NICStorage scheme, the proposed CNCDS scheme can simultaneously reduce the number of transmissions, receptions and recovery MSE. © 2012 IEEE.

Xu, J, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Tang, Z 1970, 'Object Detection Based on Co-occurrence GMuLBP Features', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 943-948.
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Image co-occurrence has shown great powers on object classification because it captures the characteristic of individual features and spatial relationship between them simultaneously. For example, Co-occurrence Histogram of Oriented Gradients (CoHOG) has achieved great success on human detection task. However, the gradient orientation in CoHOG is sensitive to noise. In addition, CoHOG does not take gradient magnitude into account which is a key component to reinforce the feature detection. In this paper, we propose a new LBP feature detector based image co-occurrence. Building on uniform Local Binary Patterns, the new feature detector detects Co-occurrence Orientation through Gradient Magnitude calculation. It is known as CoGMuLBP. An extension version of the GoGMuLBP is also presented. The experimental results on the UIUC car data set show that the proposed features outperform state-of-the-art methods. © 2012 IEEE.

Xu, KC, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Ranging based positioning employing co-operative arrays', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 1055-1059.
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A novel wireless positioning method employing an array of sensors which are capable of doing range estimates is proposed. Collectively, all the sensors in the sensor array can produce the direction of arrival (DoA) and the range information of mobile targets. To improve the positioning accuracy, it is proposed to introduce co-operations between the sensor arrays. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the use of the co-operation can increase the positioning accuracy significantly. Compared with other known methods, the proposed method does not require any phase measurement in the sensor arrays, so the system is relatively easy to operate and maintain. © 2012 IEEE.

Xu, W, Lei, G, Zhang, Y, Wang, T, Zhu, J & IEEE 1970, 'Development of Electrical Drive System for the UTS PHEV', 2012 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE), IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, Raleigh, NC, USA, pp. 1886-1893.
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In this paper, a novel drive configuration of the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) plug-in HEV (PHEV) is introduced firstly, which has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time. Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the UTS PHEV should be governed by one special energy management strategy (EMS) particularly in different time intervals, such as the transition from motor to generator. From the system view, the performance analysis of the whole car have been done by the help of PSAT software so as to decide main dimensions for the drive configurations, and brief comparisons are made to the fuel economy and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between traditional HEV and UTS PHEV. After that, for continuous working based the sole machine, more strict requests are put forward to the drive system, mainly including high torque/power density, good thermal dissipation capability, great flux weakening ability for high speed cruising, strong mechanical redundancy capability, etc. As per these tough requirements, qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made on different types of drive machines, especially on those series of stator-mounted permanent magnet machines (SMPMMs), including double salient permanent magnet machine (DSPMM), flux reversal machine (FRM), and flux switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM). Then one new axially laminated flux switching permanent magnet machine (ALFSPMM) is proposed, which stator and rotor are laminated in parallel to the axis. It can make full usage of PM flux linkage and reduce the core loss particularly in the high excitation frequency. Based on the 2D model prediction by finite element algorithm (FEA), the ALFSPMM has lower cogging torque, higher torque density, greater flux weakening ability, higher efficiency, etc., and hence it can be regarded as one ideal candidate for the UTS PHEV drive system. In order to save time and expense, one prototype with 2 kW has been built u...

Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Evidence on the impact of T-shaped tether variations on Q factor of bulk-mode square-plate resonators', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Yang, X, Guo, YJ, Cui, Q, Tao, X & Huang, X 1970, 'Random circulant orthogonal matrix based Analog Compressed Sensing', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, pp. 3605-3609.
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Analog Compressed Sensing (CS) has attracted considerable research interest in sampling area. One of the promising analog CS technique is the recently proposed Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC). However, MWC has a very high hardware complexity due to its parallel structure. To reduce the hardware complexity of MWC, this paper proposes a novel Random Circulant Orthogonal Matrix based Analog Compressed Sensing (RCOM-ACS) scheme. By circularly shifting the periodic mixing function, the RCOM-ACS scheme reduces the number of physical parallel channels from m to 1 at the cost of longer processing time, where m is in the order of several dozen to several hundred in MWC. It is proved that the m×M measurement matrix of RCOM-ACS scheme satisfies the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) condition with probability 1-M -O(1) when m = O(rlog2Mlog3r), where M is the length of the periodic mixing function, r denotes the sparsity of the input signal. Furthermore, to make a good tradeoff between processing time and hardware complexity, a short processing time RCOM-ACS scheme is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that, the proposed schemes outperform MWC in terms of recovery performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Yu Zhang, Wei Xu, Nian Liu, Yunhong Zhang, Jiefeng Hu & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Research on lightning over-voltage in 1000kV gas insulated switchgear substation', IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Montreal, Canada, pp. 6212-6217.
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This paper investigates the lightning over-voltage process of a 1000 kV ultra-high voltage(UHV) gas insulated switchgear(GIS) substation by the help of one electromagnetic transient simulation software, Electromagnetic Transients Program-Alternative Transients Program (ATP-EMTP). Taking the near lightning stroke for example, the simulation model is built with a substation, some incoming lines and their relevant line terminals. Firstly, it studies different influences of various substation operation modes, line voltage, and impulse grounding resistance, etc. Secondly, in order to identify the over-voltage distribution and variation of the electrical substation equipments (mainly transformers), it studies the over-voltage influence generated by lightning invasion wave in the whole system. Finally, based on comprehensive simulation and theoretical analysis, some suggestions are proposed to restrict the lightning over-voltage.

Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'A resource allocation scheme for balanced performance improvement in LTE networks with inter-cell interference', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 1630-1635.
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In this paper we propose a novel resource allocation scheme to achieve a balanced performance improvement for all users in a LTE network subject to inter-cell interference. In the proposed scheme the resource allocation process is implemented in two steps. In the first step interference coordination and scheduling are first conducted in a global manner to prevent cell-edge users from mutual interference. In the second step, optimal power allocation is conducted to maximize performance of cell-edge users while maintaining high performance of cell-center users. The optimal power allocation problem is solved using the Lagrange decomposition method. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly improve performance for all users in a multi-cell network and achieve a better performance balance between cell-edge and cell-center users. © 2012 IEEE.

Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'Adaptive power allocation for soft frequency reuse in multi-cell LTE networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 991-996.
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This paper presents a novel power allocation approach for soft frequency reuse (SFR) adopted in a multi-cell LTE network. Based on the fact that major inter-cell interference (ICI) is coordinated by SFR, the proposed power allocation focuses on dealing with mutual interference between cell-edge and cell-center users in the network. It is formulated as an optimization problem, where the performance of cell-edge users is optimized under the condition that desirable performance must be maintained for cell-center users. The optimal solution can be obtained by using the Lagrange decomposition method. Simulation results show that our approach can significantly improve performance of cell-edge users by achieving 20% gain over conventional SFR with average power allocation when higher performance for cell-center users is maintained. © 2012 IEEE.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, B, Nguyen, H & IEEE 1970, 'Fast unsupervised learning method for rapid estimation of cluster centroids', 2012 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, pp. 889-896.
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Data clustering is a process where a set of data points is divided into groups of similar points. Recent approaches for data clustering have seen the development of unsupervised learning algorithms based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques. These include Particle Swarm Clustering (PSC) and Modified PSC (mPSC) algorithms for solving clustering problems. However, the PSC and mPSC algorithms tend to be computationally expensive when applied to datasets that have higher levels of dimensionality and large volumes. This paper presents a novel and more efficient swarm clustering strategy we call Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE). We compare the performance of RCE with the performance of PSC and mPSC in several ways including complexity analyses and particle behavior analyses. Our benchmark testing suggests that RCE can reach a solution 274 times quicker than PSC and 270 times quicker than mPSC for a clustering task where the dataset has a dimension of 80 and a volume of 500. We also investigated particle behaviors on two-class two-dimensional datasets with volume of 500, presenting 250 data for each well-separated class with known Gaussian centers. We found that RCE converged to the appropriate centers at 70 updates on average, compared to 19802 updates for PSC and 23006 updates for mPSC. An ANOVA indicates RCE is significantly faster than both PSC and mPSC.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, B, Nguyen, H & IEEE 1970, 'Method for increasing the computation speed of an unsupervised learning approach for data clustering', 2012 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Brisbane, pp. 2957-2964.
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Clustering can be especially effective where the data is irregular, noisy and/or not differentiable. A major obstacle for many clustering techniques is that they are computationally expensive, hence limited to smaller data volume and dimension. We propose a lightweight swarm clustering solution called Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE). Based on our experiments, RCE has significantly quickened optimization time of its predecessors, Particle Swarm Clustering (PSC) and Modified Particle Swarm Clustering (mPSC). Our experimental results show that on benchmark datasets, RCE produces generally better clusters compared to PSC, mPSC, K-means and Fuzzy C-means. Compared with K-means and Fuzzy C-means which produces clusters with 62% and 55% purities on average respectively, thyroid dataset has successfully clustered on average 71% purity in 14.3 seconds.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, BD, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Gait Cycle Spectrogram Analysis using a Torso-attached Inertial Sensor', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 6539-6542.
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Measurement of gait parameters can provide important information about a person's health and safety. Automatic analysis of gait using kinematic sensors is a newly emerging area of research. We describe a new way to detect walking, and measure gait cadence, by using time-frequency signal processing together with spectrogram analysis of signals from a chest-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU). A pilot study of 11 participants suggests that this method is able to distinguish between walk and non-walk activities with up to 88.70% sensitivity and 97.70% specificity. Limitations of the method include instability associated with manual fine-tuning of local and global threshold levels. © 2012 IEEE.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, BD, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Gait episode identification based on wavelet feature clustering of spectrogram images', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 2949-2952.
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Measurement of gait parameters can provide important information about a person's health and safety. Automatic analysis of gait using kinematic sensors is a newly emerging area of research. We propose a new approach to detect gait episodes using Neural Network and and clustering of wavelet-decomposed spectrogram images. Signals from a chest-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) is processed using Explicit Complementary Filter (ECF) to estimate and track torso angle. Using the feature obtained from wavelet decomposition of spectrogram images, we use an Augmented Radial Basis Neural Network (ARBF) to classify walking episodes. Cluster centroids of ARBF are optimized using Rapid Cluster Estimation (RCE). A pilot study of 11 participants suggests that our approach is able to distinguish between walk and non-walk activities with up to 85.71% sensitivity and 91.34% specificity. © 2012 IEEE.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, BD, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Optimization Strategies for Rapid Centroid Estimation', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 6212-6215.
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Particle swarm algorithm has been extensively utilized as a tool to solve optimization problems. Recently proposed particle swarm±based clustering algorithm called the Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE) is a lightweight alteration to Particle Swarm Clustering (PSC). The RCE in its standard form is shown to be superior to conventional PSC algorithm. We have observed some limitations in RCE including the possibility to stagnate at a local minimum combination and the restriction in swarm size. We propose strategies to optimize RCE further by introducing RCE+ and swarm RCE+. Five benchmark datasets from UCI machine learning database are used to test the performance of these new strategies. In Glass dataset swarm RCE+ is able to achieve highest purity centroid combinations with less iteration (90.3%±1.1% in 9±5 iterations) followed by RCE+ (89%±3.5% in 65±62 iterations) and RCE (87%±5.9% in 54±44). Similar quality is also reflected in other benchmark datasets including Iris, Wine, Breast Cancer, and Diabetes.

Zare Borzeshi, E, Perez Concha, O & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Human Action Recognition in Video by Fusion of Structural and Spatio-temporal Features', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Joint IAPR International Workshop on SSPR & SPR, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Japan, pp. 474-482.
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The problem of human action recognition has received increasing attention in recent years for its importance in many applications. Local representations and in particular STIP descriptors have gained increasing popularity for action recognition. Yet, the main limitation of those approaches is that they do not capture the spatial relationships in the subject performing the action. This paper proposes a novel method based on the fusion of global spatial relationships provided by graph embedding and the local spatio-temporal information of STIP descriptors. Experiments on an action recognition dataset reported in the paper show that recognition accuracy can be significantly improved by combining the structural information with the spatio-temporal features. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Zeng, J, Bai, B, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Lin, Z 1970, 'Assembly Process's Simulation of High-Field Permanent-Magnet Flux Source Based on Vector Magnetic Hysteresis Model', 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF), IEEE, Dalian, China, pp. 1-4.
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In this paper, the recently research results of assembly process's simulation of high-field permanent-magnetic flux source is presented. A 2D vector Jiles-Atherton magnetic hysteresis model is employed in magnetic field finite element analysis. Abnormal magnetization phenomena of permanent magnetic material during the assembly process are simulated and the distribution and account of abnormal magnetization points is obtained. It can be a significant guide for the manufacture of magic ring

Zeng, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lin, Z 1970, '2D Vectorial Magnetic Hysteresis Property Measurement of Magneto-Rheological Fluid Material', the 12th International Workshop on 1&2 Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing, Vienna, Austria.

Zeng, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Li, Y & Li, J 1970, 'Magnetic Hysteresis Properties Measurement for Magneto-Rheological Elastomer', the 13th International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions: Book of Abstracts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1-2.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Convergence of generalized linear coordinate-descent message-passing for quadratic optimization', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT, IEEE, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 1997-2001.
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Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Generalized linear coordinate-descent message-passing for convex optimization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2012), IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 2009-2012.
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In this paper we propose a generalized linear coordinate-descent (GLiCD) algorithm for a class of unconstrained convex optimization problems. The considered objective function can be decomposed into edge-functions and node-functions of a graphical model. The messages of the GLiCD algorithm are in a form of linear functions, as compared to the min-sum algorithm of which the form of messages depends on the objective function. Thus, the implementation of the GLiCD algorithm is much simpler than that of the min-sum algorithm. A theorem is stated according to which the algorithm converges to the optimal solution if the objective function satisfies a diagonal-dominant condition. As an application, the GLiCD algorithm is exploited in solving the averaging problem in sensor networks, where the performance is compared to that of the min-sum algorithm.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Linear coordinate-descent message-passing for quadratic optimization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 2005-2008.
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In this paper we propose a new message-passing algorithm for quadratic optimization. The design of the new algorithm is based on linear coordinate-descent between neighboring nodes. The updating messages are in a form of linear functions as compared to the min-sum algorithm of which the messages are in a form of quadratic functions. Therefore, the linear coordinate-descent (LiCD) algorithm has simpler updating rules than the min-sum algorithm. It is shown that when the quadratic matrix is walk-summable, the LiCD algorithm converges. As an application, the LiCD algorithm is utilized in solving general linear systems. The performance of the LiCD algorithm is found empirically to be comparable to that of the min-sum algorithm, but at lower complexity in terms of computation and storage.

Zhang, J, Schonfeld, D & Feng, DD 1970, 'Message from ICME 2012 General Chairs', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW 2012), IEEE.
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ICME 2012 is the thirteen in the series of ICME conferences that has been held annually since 2000, in various cities throughout the world. The success of this conference would not have been possible without the generous help of sponsors. Paper prizes and Student Travel Grants are sponsored by the National Information and Communications Technology Australia (NICTA), Microsoft Research, IBM Research, Canon Information Systems Research Australia (CiSRA), and Advanced Analytics Institute (AAI) at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS). ICME 2012 features a new plenary session - Time Machine! The session consists of a series of expert presentations that re-introduce ideas published "before their time" and, as a result, their impact has not yet been fully realized. ICME 2012 also has outstanding lectures including keynote lectures and research overviews. ICME 2012 will offer several paper prizes, including Best Paper Award, Best Student Paper Award, and Best Demo Award. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, J, Schonfeld, D & Feng, DD 1970, 'Message from the ICME 2012 General Chairs', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE.
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Zhang, Y, Haddad, A, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Onset and Offset Exercise Response Model in Electronic Terms', Biomedical Engineering / 765: Telehealth / 766: Assistive Technologies, Biomedical Engineering, ACTAPRESS, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 122-128.
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This paper investigated human heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) dynamics to running exercise and developed an electronic circuitry based mathematical model to quantitatively depict the metabolic and energy-generating process at both onset and offset of exercises. In order to investigate transient responses of both HR and VO2, eight healthy male subjects were asked to run on a motor-controlled treadmill exercise under a predefined running protocol. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored and recorded using a COSMED portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed). The observed experimental results verified the belief that cardio-respiratory responses dynamics at onset and offset of moderate or high intense exercises are significantly different. In order to find a rational explanation for this phenomenon, a novel idea was inspired by applying a simple switchable resistance-capacitor (RC) circuit to unify the complex dynamics at onset and offset of exercises. The proposed physical system can not only analytically explain body's energy-generating process, metabolism and cardio-respiratory responses, but also mathematically account for cardio-respiratory dynamics at both onset and offset of exercises, in which the continuity of the output and states during switching is guaranteed.

Zhang, Y, Su, S, Savkin, A, Celler, B & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Multi-loop integral controllability analysis for nonlinear multiple-input single-output processes', 2012 2nd Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2012, Australian Control Conference, IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 81-85.
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Multi-loop integral control is still one of the most popular control strategies in industry due to its simplicity, efficiency, offset free tracking, and capability for fault tolerance. Skogestad and Morari introduced Decentralized Integral Controllability (DIC) to investigate the decentralized unconditional stability under multi-loop integral control for square systems. However, in engineering practice, some multivariable processes may not be square, which often utilize multiple redundant control inputs for the regulation of only one single output. This study extends the concept of Decentralized Integral Controllability to non-square systems, and presents sufficient conditions for Multiple-Input Single-Output nonlinear processes based on singular perturbation analysis. The proposed controllability analysis method is applied in the control of a real time temperature control system and achieves desired temperature tracking results. © 2012 Institute of Engineers.

Zheng, C, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu, Vesilo, R & Zhou, Z 1970, 'Efficient network coding transmission in 2-hop multi-channel cognitive radio networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 574-579.
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In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), there is no guarantee on the availability of spectrum for the opportunistic communications between cognitive radio (CR) users. Transmission design plays a key role in leveraging the benefits of CRNs. In this paper, we propose an efficient batch transmission scheme for the data transmission in multi-channel CRNs with practical lossy channels. The proposed scheme exploits the dynamic spectrum opportunities by combining opportunistic routing strategy with network coding based multi-channel transmission. We derive network performance measures of the scheme in terms of batch delay, which provide better insights into the data transmission capability than packet based link delay analysis. Our analyses, validated by simulations, show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms others, reducing batch delay by up to 60%. © 2012 IEEE.

Zheng, L, Hoang, DB & ACM 1970, 'Further Analysis and Tuning of Registered Multi-cycle Polling in Wireless Medium Access Management', HP-MOSYS '12: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM WORKSHOP ON HIGH PERFORMANCE MOBILE OPPORTUNISTIC SYSTEMS, ACM/IEEE International Conference on Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, ACM, Paphos, Cyprus Island, pp. 53-59.
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Multimedia applications are supported by enhancing polling mechanisms to achieve Quality of Service, QoS, in the IEEE 802 MAC layer. We first briefly introduce the problems of reliability and efficiency with the basic polling medium access, particularly in highly loaded environments. A novel mechanism, Registered Polling is then described in details. The proposed mechanism provides a simple and efficient channel for implicit information update on traffic conditions. Based on these updates, it optimizes the actual polling order to meet the needs of multimedia applications. However, performance analysis shows dilemma between network utilization and delay bound guarantee. This motivates us to further investigate a multi-cycle enhancement. It is designed based on the detailed performance analysis on different traffic scenarios. The final scheme not only manages the network resources efficiently with total network utilization improvement but also proves us the parameterized QoS supports particularly for session-based applications.

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Design of an HTS Levitated Double-Sided HTSLSM for Maglev', Physics Procedia, Superconductivity Centennial Conference (SCC), Elsevier BV, Hague, NETHERLANDS, pp. 1031-1036.
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© 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Guest Editors. A hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous propulsion system composed of a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in the middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been proposed for a middle-low-speed maglev. Three carriages has been made up for the proposed maglev, and each carriage consists of four HTSLSM modules. The HTSLSM has been designed to reach a speed of 69 km/h and a maximum thrust of 48.9 kN for each motor. The finite element analysis has been used for the theoretical verification. The results obtained show that the HTS linear propulsion system satisfies the principal requirements for the maglev.

Zhou, J, Su, SW & Guo, A 1970, 'Fault Detection and Identification of COSMED K4b2 based on PCA and Neural Network', WASET: International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, WASET, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 729-734.
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COSMED K4b2 is a portable electrical device designed to test pulmonary functions. It is ideal for many applications that need the measurement of the cardio-respiratory response either in the field or in the lab is capable with the capability to delivery real time data to a sink node or a PC base station with storing data in the memory at the same time. But the actual sensor outputs and data received may contain some errors, such as impulsive noise which can be related to sensors, low batteries, environment or disturbance in data acquisition process. These abnormal outputs might cause misinterpretations of exercise or living activities to persons being monitored. In our paper we propose an effective and feasible method to detect and identify errors in applications by principal component analysis (PCA) and a back propagation (BP) neural network.

Zhu, H, Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Material nonlinearity limits on a Lam&#x00E9;-mode single crystal bulk resonator', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Zhu, JJ & Xu, X 1970, 'Biopsychically inspired cognitive control for autonomous agents based on motivated learning', 2012 17th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR), 2012 17th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR), IEEE, Miedzyzdroje, POLAND, pp. 1-8.
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Narayan, B & Brookes, W Australian Government Office of Learning and Teaching 2012, Changing the Culture of Teaching and Learning in ICT and Engineering: Facilitating Research Professors to be Teaching and Learning Leaders, Sydney.

Barua, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D & Safaei, F 2012, 'Outage Probability Analysis of Dual Hop Relay Networks in Presence of Interference'.
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Cooperative relaying improves the performance of wireless networks by forminga network of multiple independent virtual sources transmitting the sameinformation as the source node. However, interference induced in the networkreduces the performance of cooperative communications. In this work thestatistical properties, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and theprobability density function (PDF) for a basic dual hop cooperative relaynetwork with an arbitrary number of interferers over Rayleigh fading channelsare derived. Two system models are considered: in the first system model, theinterferers are only at the relay node; and in the second system model,interferers are both at the relay and the destination. This work is furtherextended to Nakagami-m faded interfering channels. Simulation results arepresented on outage probability performance to verify the theoretical analysis.

Duffield, NG, Arya, V & Veitch, DN 2012, 'Multicast-based inference of temporal loss characteristics in packet data networks', Google Patents.

Gorst-Rasmussen, A, Veitch, D & Gefferth, A 2012, 'Why FARIMA models are brittle'.

Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Computational Intelligence and Its Applications Evolutionary Computation, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network and Support Vector Machine Techniques', World Scientific, pp. 1-307.
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This book focuses on computational intelligence techniques and their applications — fast-growing and promising research topics that have drawn a great deal of attention from researchers over the years.