Publications

Kroenke, D, Wilson, DN & Brookes, W 2015, Experiencing Management Information Systems, Fourth edition.

Lu, J & Hossain, J 2015, Vehicle-to-Grid: Linking electric vehicles to the smart grid, Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2015. Plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles (PEVs) have the potential to provide substantial storage to a city’s grid, a key component in mitigating intermittency issues of power sources. But the batteries of these vehicles also need to be chchged at times when their users need them. Thus, V2G (vehicle-to-grid) is becoming an important issue in the future grid. An integrated treatment of this system, from power generation, monitoring, storage in stationchy and PEV batteries to control is a complex task. This book explores the connection between the stationchy grid and PEV power storage. Topics covered include: the impact of PEVs and V2G on smcht grid and renewable energy systems; distributed energy resource with PEV battery energy storage in the smcht grid; power conversion technology in smcht grid and PEVs; power control and monitoring of smcht grid with PEVs; PEV chchging technologies and V2G on distributed energy resources and utility interfaces; economic, social and environmental dimensions of PEVs in the smcht grid. This book will be of interest to resechchers and advanced students in electric vehicles and smcht grid technologies, and policy-makers and planners developing smcht grid infrastructure and sustainable transport initiatives.

Guo, YJ & Qin, P-Y 2015, 'Reconfigurable Antennas for Wireless Communications' in Handbook of Antenna Technologies, Springer Singapore, pp. 1-38.
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The Handbook of Antenna Technologies aims to present the rapid development of antenna technologies, particularly in the past two decades, and also showcasing the newly developed technologies and the latest applications.

Jianguo Zhu, Islam, MR, Jiefeng Hu, Prasetya, S, Yuedong Zhan, Jafari, M, Hung Dung Pham & Youguang Guo 2015, 'Distributed Energy Resource with PEV Battery Energy Storage in the Smart Grid' in Vehicle-to-Grid: Linking electric vehicles to the smart grid, Institution of Engineering and Technology, UK, pp. 43-80.
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© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2015. This chapter presents various aspects of grid-connected distributed generation systems with electric vehicle, including the historical growth of two dominating renewable energy sources, i.e., wind and solar, the existing technologies for large-scale generation, transmission and distribution, power quality, reliability, technical challenges, and possible solutions. Recent development of grid integration technologies, converter topologies, and control techniques are the foremost intention of this chapter.

Kale, A & Chaczko, Z 2015, 'Evolutionary Feature Optimization and Classification for Monitoring Floating Objects' in Borowik, G, Chaczko, Z, Jacak, W & Luba, T (eds), Studies in Computational Intelligence, Springer International Publishing, Germany, pp. 3-16.
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Water surfaces are polluted due to various man-made and natural pollutants. In urban areas, natural water sources including rivers, lakes and creeks are the biggest collectors of such contaminants. Monitoring of water sources can help to investigate many of details relating to the types of litter and their origin. Usually two principle methods are applied for this type of applications, which include either a use of in-situ sensors or monitoring by computer vision methods. Sensory approach can detect detailed properties of a water including salinity and chemical composition. Whereas, a camera based detection helps to monitor visible substances like floating or immersed objects in a transparent water. Current computer vision systems require an application specific computational models to address a variability introduced due to the environmental fluctuations. Hence, a computer vision algorithm is proposed to detect and classify floating objects in various environmental irregularities. This method uses an evolutionary algorithmic principles to learn inconsistencies in the patterns by using a historical data of river pollution. A proof of the concept is built and validated using a real life data of pollutants. The experimental results clearly indicate the advantages of proposed scheme over the other benchmark methods used for addressing the similar problem.

Leijdekkers, P & Gay, V 2015, 'Improving User Engagement by Aggregating and Analysing Health and Fitness Data on a Mobile App' in Inclusive Smart Cities and e-Health, Springer International Publishing, pp. 325-330.
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Lu, J & Hossain, J 2015, 'Introduction to the Smart Grid using PEVs' in Vehicle-to-Grid: Linking electric vehicles to the smart grid, Institution of Engineering and Technology, pp. 1-10.
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© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2015. The smart grid, regarded as the next generation of power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated resilient energy delivery network. The smart grid will meet environmental targets to accommodate a greater emphasis on demand response, and to support plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) as well as distributed generation and storage capabilities. The PEVs including all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) will play a significant role in the electric power system. The connection of PEVs can have serious impact on the future smart grid. Although PEVs can provide a new opportunity to reduce oil consumption by drawing on power from the electric power grid, they can be used as energy storage to provide the energy into power grid. The power flow between PEVs and the grid can be bidirectional if PEVs have the function of vehicle-to-grid (V2G), which can be either as flexible loads (charging mode) or storage sources (discharging mode). To maximize the benefits of V2G, the emerging PEV infrastructure must provide access to electricity from the smart grid, satisfy driver expectations, and ensure safety. This chapter introduces a basic concept of the smart grid and its "building blocks,"microgrids, and impact of PEVs on distributed energy resources in the smart grid and V2G technology and PEVs charging infrastructures.

Rahman, MS, Rafi, FH, Hossain, MJ & Lu, J 2015, 'Power Control and Monitoring of the Smart Grid with Evs' in Vehicle-to-Grid: Linking electric vehicles to the smart grid, Institution of Engineering and Technology, pp. 107-156.
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© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2015. The usage of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) has increased significantly in recent years due to environmental concerns and hike in the fossil fuel price. These vehicles possess dual dynamic characteristics. They act as a load while in G2V (grid-to-vehicle) mode and as a generator while in V2G (vehicle-to-grid) mode. V2G concept can improve utility grid performance with regard to efficiency, stability and reliability by offering reactive power management and active power control, tracking intermittent renewable energy sources, load balancing and shifting via valley filling support, peak load shaving and current harmonics filtering in the output. On the other hand, G2V includes conventional and fast battery charging that can stress the grid distribution network due to high-power rating of EV batteries and by injecting harmonics. Sophisticated active and reactive power regulation as well as state-of-the-art monitoring system is required to overcome the impacts and to implement successful interfacing. This chapter discusses the impacts of G2V/V2G concepts on the smart grid active and reactive power profile and their optimum control strategies. The importance of and the technologies needed for smart monitoring system in charging/discharging mode are also reviewed. Simulation results show that controlled implementation of V2G can significantly contribute to enhancing dynamic performance and stability of the microgrid under different operating conditions.

van Schaik, A & Hamilton, T 2015, 'Silicon Cochlea Building Blocks' in Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems, Wiley, pp. 219-235.
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© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This chapter goes into the details of some of the circuit blocks used in the silicon cochleas discussed in Chapter 4. It looks at some of the basic circuit structures used in the design of various one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) silicon cochleas. Nearly all silicon cochleas are built around second-order low-pass or band-pass filters. These filters are usually described as second-order sections.

van Schaik, A, Hamilton, T & Liu, SC 2015, 'Silicon Cochleas' in Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems, Wiley, pp. 71-90.
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© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. While the previous chapter was about neuromorphic silicon retinas, this one is on silicon cochleas. The cochlea is biology's sound sensor - it turns vibrations in the air into a neural signal. This chapter briefly explains the operation of the various components of the biological cochlea and introduces circuits that can simulate these components. Silicon cochlea designs typically divide the biological cochlea into several sections that are equally spaced along its length. Each section is then modeled by an electronic circuit. Silicon cochlea designs may be classified as 1D or 2D, depending on the coupling between these sections. Circuits for both variants are presented. They may also be classified as active or passive, depending on whether the quality factor of each cochlear section changes as a function of the output signal of the section or not. Details for both implementations are presented. A tree diagram at the end of the chapter illustrates the progression of silicon cochlea modeling.

Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Ni, W & Hagelstein, B 2015, 'Software-Defined Wireless Networking: Centralized, Distributed, or Hybrid?', IEEE NETWORK, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 32-38.
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© 2015 IEEE. Scalability is a key issue in large scale WDNs, such as vehicular networks and device-to-device networks. To address the issue, this article extends the SDN concept, and presents a new network architecture that eliminates the need of multi-hop flooding for route discovery, thereby enabling WDNs to scale. The key idea of the new architecture is to split network control and data forwarding by using two separate frequency bands. Another important aspect of the architecture is that computational complexity of routing is split between the SDN controller and the forwarding nodes, thereby allowing nodes to make distributed routing decisions. As a result, network control of the new architecture has a hybrid structure, which improves the operability and scalability of large scale WDNs. Our case study shows that the new architecture is able to substantially improve scalability and reliability of WDNs, especially in mobile environments.

Abu Alsheikh, M, Hoang, DT, Niyato, D, Tan, H-P & Lin, S 2015, 'Markov Decision Processes With Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey', IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1239-1267.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous and resource-limited devices. The devices cooperate to monitor one or more physical phenomena within an area of interest. WSNs operate as stochastic systems because of randomness in the monitored environments. For long service time and low maintenance cost, WSNs require adaptive and robust methods to address data exchange, topology formulation, resource and power optimization, sensing coverage and object detection, and security challenges. In these problems, sensor nodes are used to make optimized decisions from a set of accessible strategies to achieve design goals. This survey reviews numerous applications of the Markov decision process (MDP) framework, a powerful decision-making tool to develop adaptive algorithms and protocols for WSNs. Furthermore, various solution methods are discussed and compared to serve as a guide for using MDPs in WSNs.

Acuna, P, Moran, L, Rivera, M, Aguilera, R, Burgos, R & Agelidis, VG 2015, 'A Single-Objective Predictive Control Method for a Multivariable Single-Phase Three-Level NPC Converter-Based Active Power Filter', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 4598-4607.
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© 1982-2012 IEEE. A single-objective predictive control method that deals with four main control objectives applied to a multivariable single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped converter operating as an active power filter is proposed in this paper. The four control objectives are to self-support the dc-bus voltage under load variations, to compensate the reactive power and the current harmonics, and to balance the dc capacitor voltages by using a predefined combination of the redundant switching states of the converter. The main contribution of the proposed method is that these objectives are accomplished without using weighting factors in the cost function, which eliminates problems such as multiobjective optimization or additional empirical procedures for determination of these factors. As a result, the method is easy to implement and rapidly selects the optimal voltage to improve the dynamic-state performance. Experimental results from a 2-kVA prototype are presented to prove that the method is valid for single-phase compensation. The well-known effect of model parameter errors' issue, which is inherent in predictive control methods, is also tested to confirm that the harmonic distortion in the grid current is below 5% even when the predictive model has a 25% error between actual and theoretically estimated grid impedance values.

Afshar, S, George, L, Thakur, CS, Tapson, J, van Schaik, A, de Chazal, P & Hamilton, TJ 2015, 'Turn Down That Noise: Synaptic Encoding of Afferent SNR in a Single Spiking Neuron', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 188-196.
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Afzal, MU & Esselle, KP 2015, 'Quasi-analytical synthesis of continuous phase correcting structures to increase the directivity of circularly polarized Fabry-Perot resonator antennas', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 117, no. 21, pp. 214902-214902.
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This paper presents a quasi-analytical technique to design a continuous, all-dielectric phase correcting structures (PCSs) for circularly polarized Fabry-Perot resonator antennas (FPRAs). The PCS has been realized by varying the thickness of a rotationally symmetric dielectric block placed above the antenna. A global analytical expression is derived for the PCS thickness profile, which is required to achieve nearly uniform phase distribution at the output of the PCS, despite the non-uniform phase distribution at its input. An alternative piecewise technique based on spline interpolation is also explored to design a PCS. It is shown from both far- and near-field results that a PCS tremendously improves the radiation performance of the FPRA. These improvements include an increase in peak directivity from 22 to 120 (from 13.4 dBic to 20.8 dBic) and a decrease of 3 dB beamwidth from 41.5° to 15°. The phase-corrected antenna also has a good directivity bandwidth of 1.3 GHz, which is 11% of the center frequency.

Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Zeb, BA 2015, 'Dielectric Phase-Correcting Structures for Electromagnetic Band Gap Resonator Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 3390-3399.
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A novel technique to design a phase-correcting structure (PCS) for an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) resonator antenna (ERA) is presented. The aperture field of a classical ERA has a significantly nonuniform phase distribution, which adversely affects its radiation characteristics. An all-dielectric PCS was designed to transform such a phase distribution to a nearly uniform phase distribution. A prototype designed using proposed technique was fabricated and tested to verify proposed methodology and to validate predicted results. A very good agreement between the predicted and the measured results is noted. Significant increase in antenna performance has been achieved due to this phase correction, including 9-dB improvement in antenna directivity (from 12.3 dBi to 21.6 dBi), lower side lobes, higher gain, and better aperture efficiency. The phase-corrected antenna has a 3-dB directivity bandwidth of 8%.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 2015, 'Predictive Control of Power Converters: Designs With Guaranteed Performance', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 53-63.
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Aguilera, RP, Lezana, P & Quevedo, DE 2015, 'Switched Model Predictive Control for Improved Transient and Steady-State Performance', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 968-977.
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Ahmed, M, Khawaja, M, Notarianni, M, Wang, B, Goding, D, Gupta, B, Boeckl, JJ, Takshi, A, Motta, N, Saddow, SE & Iacopi, F 2015, 'A thin film approach for SiC-derived graphene as an on-chip electrode for supercapacitors', Nanotechnology, vol. 26, no. 43, pp. 434005-434005.
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Ahmed, M, Khawaja, M, Notarianni, M, Wang, B, Goding, D, Gupta, B, Boeckl, JJ, Takshi, A, Motta, N, Saddow, SE & Iacopi, F 2015, 'Porous SiC/Graphene-on-Wafer Electrodes for Supercapacitors', ECS Meeting Abstracts, vol. MA2015-01, no. 1, pp. 186-186.
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The intensive research on epitaxial 3C SiC/Si wafers has opened up a new era for the micro-fabrication industry and led to the direct growth of high quality and large area graphene layers on the device location for on-chip applications.[1] This new technology to grow graphene on silicon possesses various advantages over the conventional methodology, such as eliminating the complex and unreliable process of transferring graphene flakes and replacing expensive SiC wafers, and also prompts the use of graphene for energy storage, e.g. as supercapacitors, at wafer level. However, morphology control of the graphene layers on silicon remains a challenge to further enhance the performance of supercapacitors, which mainly relies on the surface area of the active graphene layers through an electrochemical double layer mechanism. To address this issue, we demonstrate, for the first time, creating porosity on the graphene surface. The growth of porous graphene on wafers in our work presents a facile, highly reproducible and low-cost approach to obtain highly continuous graphene layers with extremely low sheet resistance. Our preliminary electrochemical investigation indicates that the porous SiC/graphene-on-wafer electrode can deliver typical supercapacitive behaviours and the porosity we create on the graphene surface can facilitate the electrochemical performance by providing more accessible surface area. Graphene prepared via this routine can also be employed to fabricate micro-supercapacitors in an interdiginated pattern for future on-chip integration and energy storage. [1] B.V. Cunning, M. Ahmed, N. Mishra, A.R. Kermany, B. Wood, F. Iacopi, Nanotechnology, 25 (2014) 325301.

An, L & Lu, DD-C 2015, 'Design of a Single-Switch DC/DC Converter for a PV-Battery-Powered Pump System With PFM+PWM Control', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 910-921.
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© 2014 IEEE. A single-switch nonisolated dc/dc converter for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV)-battery-powered pump system is proposed in this paper. The converter is formed by combining a buck converter with a buck-boost converter. This integration also resulted in reduced repeated power processing, hence improving the conversion efficiency. With only a single transistor, the converter is able to perform three tasks simultaneously, namely, maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT), battery charging, and driving the pump at constant flow rate. To achieve these control objectives, the two inductors operate in different modes such that variable switching frequency control and duty cycle control can be used to manage MPPT and output voltage regulation, respectively. The battery in the converter provides a more steady dc-link voltage as compared to that of a conventional single-stage converter and hence mitigates the high voltage stress problem. Experimental results of a 14-W laboratory prototype converter with a maximum efficiency of 92% confirmed the performance of the proposed converter when used in a PV-battery pump system.

Argha, A, Li, L, Su, SW & Nguyen, H 2015, 'Controllability Analysis of Two-Dimensional Systems Using 1D Approaches', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 2977-2982.
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© 1963-2012 IEEE. Working with the 1D form of 2D systems is an alternative strategy to reduce the inherent complexity of 2D systems. To achieve the 1D form of 2D systems, different from the so-called WAM model, a new row (column) process was proposed recently. The controllability analysis of this new 1D form is explored in this note. Two new notions of controllability named WAM-controllability and directional controllability for the underlying 2D systems are defined. Corresponding conditions on the WAM-controllability and directional controllability are derived, which are particularly useful for the control problems of 2D systems via 1D framework. According to the presented directional controllability, a directional minimum energy control input is derived for 2D systems. A numerical example demonstrates the applicability of the presented analysis.

Azim, MI, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2015, 'Design of a Controller for Active Power Sharing in a Highly-Resistive Microgrid', IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 48, no. 30, pp. 288-293.
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Azzi, M, Duc, H & Ha, QP 2015, 'Toward sustainable energy usage in the power generation and construction sectors—a case study of Australia', Automation in Construction, vol. 59, pp. 122-127.
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Cassidy, MJ, Kim, K, Ni, W & Gu, W 2015, 'A problem of limited-access special lanes. Part I: Spatiotemporal studies of real freeway traffic', Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 80, pp. 307-319.
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Cassidy, MJ, Kim, K, Ni, W & Gu, W 2015, 'A problem of limited-access special lanes. Part II: Exploring remedies via simulation', Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 80, pp. 320-329.
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Chakraborty, C, Ho-Ching Iu, H & Dah-Chuan Lu, D 2015, 'Power converters, control, and energy management for distributed generation', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 4466-4470.
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Chan, KY, Lam, HK, Dillon, TS & Ling, SH 2015, 'A Stepwise-Based Fuzzy Regression Procedure for Developing Customer Preference Models in New Product Development', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1728-1745.
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© 2014 IEEE. Fuzzy regression methods have commonly been used to develop consumer preferences models, which correlate the engineering characteristics with consumer preferences regarding a new product; the consumer preference models provide a platform, whereby product developers can decide the engineering characteristics in order to satisfy consumer preferences prior to developing the products. Recent research shows that these fuzzy regression methods are commonly used to model customer preferences. However, these approaches have a common limitation in that they do not investigate the appropriate polynomial structure, which includes significant regressors with only significant engineering characteristics; also, they cannot generate interaction or high-order regressors in the models. The inclusion of insignificant regressors is not an effective approach when developing the models. Exclusion of significant regressors may affect the generalization capability of the consumer preference models. In this paper, a novel fuzzy modeling method is proposed, namely fuzzy stepwise regression (F-SR), in order to develop a customer preference model which is structured with an appropriate polynomial, which includes only significant regressors. Based on the appropriate polynomial structure, the fuzzy coefficients are determined using the fuzzy least-squares regression. The developed fuzzy regression model attempts to obtain a better generalization capability using a smaller number of regressors. The effectiveness of the F-SR is evaluated based on two design problems, namely a tea maker design and a solder paste dispenser design. Results show that better generalization capabilities can be obtained compared with the fuzzy regression methods commonly used for new product development. In addition, smaller scale consumer preference models with fewer engineering characteristics can be obtained. Hence, a simpler and more effective product development platform can be provided.

Che, E, Tuan, HD, Minh Tam Tam, HH & Nguyen, HH 2015, 'Successive Interference Mitigation in Multiuser MIMO Channels', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 2185-2199.
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Chen, X, Ni, W, Wang, X & Sun, Y 2015, 'Provisioning quality-of-service to energy harvesting wireless communications', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 102-109.
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Cook, AJ, Gargiulo, GD, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 2015, 'Open platform, eight‐channel, portable bio‐potential and activity data logger for wearable medical device development', Electronics Letters, vol. 51, no. 21, pp. 1641-1643.
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© 2015 The Institution of Engineering and Technology. The design of a wearable, portable and reconfigurable physical activity and an eight-channel bio-potential data logger, capable of increasing compliance by enabling customised feedback (i.e. calories expenditure and amount of physical activity) is presented while recording clinically meaningful information regarding a subject's health. Here an application of the device to the cardio-vascular system comprising simultaneous recording of ECG and activity in both resting and under-stress conditions is presented (clinical trials are performed under the supervision of expert cardiologists at Prince of Wales Hospital NSW, Australia). The designed device (based around the low-power LPC1768 ARM processor and the bio-potential front-end ADS1298) is an open-source one and is provided under the GPL GNU 3.0 collaborative licence.

Cooper, CS, Mukunthan, A, Safaei, F, Ros, M, Franklin, DR & Abolhasan, M 2015, 'Including general environmental effects in K-factor approximation for rice-distributed VANET channels.', Phys. Commun., vol. 14, pp. 32-44.
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This paper presents a method of approximating the Rician K-factor based on the instantaneous static environment. The strongest signal propagation paths are resolved in order to determine specular and diffuse powers for approximation. The model is experimentally validated in two different urban areas in New South Wales, Australia. Good agreement between the model and experimental data was obtained over short-range communication links, demonstrating the suitability of the model in urban VANETs. The paper concludes with recommendations for methods to account for vehicles in the simulation and incorporating additional phenomena (such as scattering) in the approximation.

Corsetti, S, Miles, REH, McDonald, C, Belotti, Y, Reid, JP, Kiefer, J & McGloin, D 2015, 'Probing the Evaporation Dynamics of Ethanol/Gasoline Biofuel Blends Using Single Droplet Manipulation Techniques', The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 119, no. 51, pp. 12797-12804.
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Corsetti, S, Zehentbauer, FM, McGloin, D & Kiefer, J 2015, 'Characterization of gasoline/ethanol blends by infrared and excess infrared spectroscopy', Fuel, vol. 141, pp. 136-142.
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Cui, Y, Zhang, J, Guo, D & Jin, Z 2015, 'Robust facial landmark localization using classified random ferns and pose-based initialization', Signal Processing, vol. 110, pp. 46-53.
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Ding, C, Guo, YJ, Qin, P-Y & Yang, Y 2015, 'A Compact Microstrip Phase Shifter Employing Reconfigurable Defected Microstrip Structure (RDMS) for Phased Array Antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 1985-1996.
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© 1963-2012 IEEE. A compact phase shifter using reconfigurable defected microstrip structure (RDMS) is proposed for phased array antennas. A complete phase shifter design scheme that serves as an engineering guidance is described. Stepwise phase shifters that have phase-shifting ranges of 90° and 180° with a step size of 45° are designed, fabricated, and tested. The experimental results demonstrate that the size, maximum insertion loss of the phase shifters, and the quantity of the lumped elements are reduced by 80%-90%, 25%-30%, and 50%, respectively, compared to our previous work. Subsequently, a four-element phased array is built employing such RDMS-based phase shifters, realizing a size reduction of 55% in the array size. The measurement results show that the phased array antenna is able to switch its main beam between -15°, 0°, and 15° in the H-plane, with the average realized gain around 10 dBi.

Ding, J, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 2015, 'Joint optimal relay location and power allocation for ultra-wideband-based wireless body area networks', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2015, no. 1.
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© 2015, Ding et al.; licensee Springer. In this paper, we study the joint optimal relay location and power allocation problem for single-relay-assisted ultra-wideband (UWB)-based wireless body area networks (WBANs). Specifically, to optimize spectral efficiency (SE) for single-relay cooperative communication in UWB-based WBANs, we seek the relay with the optimal location together with the corresponding optimal power allocation. With proposed relay-location-based network models, the SE maximization problems are mathematically formulated by considering three practical scenarios, namely, along-torso scenario, around-torso scenario, and in-body scenario. Taking into account realistic power considerations for each scenario, the optimal relay location and power allocation are jointly derived and analyzed. Numerical results show the necessity of utilization of relay node for the spectral and energy-efficient transmission in UWB-based WBANs and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in particular for the around-torso and in-body scenarios. With the joint optimal relay location and power allocation, the proposed scheme is able to prolong the network lifetime and extend the transmission range in WBANs significantly compared to direct transmission.

Du, Y, Lu, DD-C, Chu, GML & Xiao, W 2015, 'Closed-Form Solution of Time-Varying Model and Its Applications for Output Current Harmonics in Two-Stage PV Inverter', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 142-150.
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Duan, N, Xu, W, Wang, S, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2015, 'A new Preisach type hysteresis model of high temperature superconductors', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 117, no. 17, pp. 17A718-17A718.
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This paper presents a new Preisach type hysteresis model for the high temperature superconductor. This model requires only the limiting hysteresis loop as the input data, and for this model, the limiting hysteresis loop is first separated into two limiting M−H loops based on the mechanisms, which can then be modeled by two separate modified Preisach algorithms. The area integrations of the Preisach distribution functions are determined only based on the limiting M−H loops. The validity and accuracy of this model is confirmed by comparing the simulation and experiment results of Bi-2223 and YBa2Cu3Ox superconducting tapes with external magnetic fields.

Duan, N, Xu, W, Wang, S, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2015, 'Hysteresis Modeling of High-Temperature Superconductor Using Simplified Preisach Model', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 1-4.
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Ekpenyong, UE, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2015, 'How information propagation in social networks can improve energy savings based on time of use tariff', Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 19, pp. 26-33.
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Fan, X, Cao, L & Da Xu, RY 2015, 'Dynamic Infinite Mixed-Membership Stochastic Blockmodel', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 2072-2085.
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© 2014 IEEE. Directional and pairwise measurements are often used to model interactions in a social network setting. The mixed-membership stochastic blockmodel (MMSB) was a seminal work in this area, and its ability has been extended. However, models such as MMSB face particular challenges in modeling dynamic networks, for example, with the unknown number of communities. Accordingly, this paper proposes a dynamic infinite mixed-membership stochastic blockmodel, a generalized framework that extends the existing work to potentially infinite communities inside a network in dynamic settings (i.e., networks are observed over time). Additional model parameters are introduced to reflect the degree of persistence among one's memberships at consecutive time stamps. Under this framework, two specific models, namely mixture time variant and mixture time invariant models, are proposed to depict two different time correlation structures. Two effective posterior sampling strategies and their results are presented, respectively, using synthetic and real-world data.

Gao, S, Chamberlain, NF & Guo, YJ 2015, 'Guest Editorial Antennas for Satellite Communications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 1186-1190.
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© 1963-2012 IEEE. The objective of this special issue is to bring together the most updated research contributions addressing antennas for satellite communications (both spaceborne and user terminals), and propose new applications, solutions, and challenges for the future.

Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 2015, 'Bringing Health and Fitness Data Together for Connected Health Care: Mobile Apps as Enablers of Interoperability', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, vol. 17, no. 11.
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Background: A transformation is underway regarding how we deal with our health. Mobile devices make it possible to have continuous access to personal health information. Wearable devices, such as Fitbit and Apple’s smartwatch, can collect data continuously and provide insights into our health and fitness. However, lack of interoperability and the presence of data silos prevent users and health professionals from getting an integrated view of health and fitness data. To provide better health outcomes, a complete picture is needed which combines informal health and fitness data collected by the user together with official health records collected by health professionals. Mobile apps are well positioned to play an important role in the aggregation since they can tap into these official and informal health and data silos. Objective: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that a mobile app can be used to aggregate health and fitness data and can enable interoperability. It discusses various technical interoperability challenges encountered while integrating data into one place. Methods: For 8 years, we have worked with third-party partners, including wearable device manufacturers, electronic health record providers, and app developers, to connect an Android app to their (wearable) devices, back-end servers, and systems. Results: The result of this research is a health and fitness app called myFitnessCompanion, which enables users to aggregate their data in one place. Over 6000 users use the app worldwide to aggregate their health and fitness data. It demonstrates that mobile apps can be used to enable interoperability. Challenges encountered in the research process included the different wireless protocols and standards used to communicate with wireless devices, the diversity of security and authorization protocols used to be able to exchange data with servers, and lack of standards usage, such as Health Level Seven, for medical information exchange. Conclusion...

Gefferth, A, Molnár, S & Veitch, D 2015, 'Discrete Self-Similarity'.

George, L, Gargiulo, G, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, T 2015, 'Concept Design for a 1-Lead Wearable/Implantable ECG Front-End: Power Management', Sensors, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 29297-29315.
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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Power supply quality and stability are critical for wearable and implantable biomedical applications. For this reason we have designed a reconfigurable switched-capacitor DC-DC converter that, aside from having an extremely small footprint (with an active on-chip area of only 0.04 mm2), uses a novel output voltage control method based upon a combination of adaptive gain and discrete frequency scaling control schemes. This novel DC-DC converter achieves a measured output voltage range of 1.0 to 2.2V with power delivery up to 7.5mW with 75% efficiency. In this paper, we present the use of this converter as a power supply for a concept design of a wearable (15mm × 15 mm) 1-lead ECG front-end sensor device that simultaneously harvests power and communicates with external receivers when exposed to a suitable RF field. Due to voltage range limitations of the fabrication process of the current prototype chip, we focus our analysis solely on the power supply of the ECG front-end whose design is also detailed in this paper. Measurement results show not just that the power supplied is regulated, clean and does not infringe upon the ECG bandwidth, but that there is negligible difference between signals acquired using standard linear power-supplies and when the power is regulated by our power management chip.

Ghias, AMYM, Pou, J, Capella, GJ, Agelidis, VG, Aguilera, RP & Meynard, T 2015, 'Single-Carrier Phase-Disposition PWM Implementation for Multilevel Flying Capacitor Converters', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 5376-5380.
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© 2015 IEEE. This letter proposes a new implementation of phase-disposition pulse-width modulation (PD-PWM) for multilevel flying capacitor (FC) converters using a single triangular carrier. The proposed implementation is much simpler than conventional PD-PWM techniques based on multiple trapezoidal-shaped carriers, generates the same results as far as natural capacitor voltage balance is concerned and offers better quality line-to-line voltages when compared to phase-shifted PWM. The proposed algorithm is based on reshaping the reference signal to fit within the range of a single carrier and assigning each crossing of the reference signal with the carrier to a particular pair of switches at any time. The proposed algorithm is suitable for digital implementation taking maximum benefit from the PWM units available in the processor. Simulation and experimental results are presented from the five-level FC converter to verify the proposed PD-PWM implementation.

Gilmore, R 2015, 'The world’s fastest wireless backhaul radio', Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Fibre is commonly perceived to be the dominant transport mechanism for transferring data from access points back to a central office, where it is aggregated onto the core network. However, high speed and long range wireless backhaul remains a cost-effective alternative to fibre networks. In some areas, wireless backhaul is dominant and becoming more and more attractive. However, commercially available wireless backhaul systems do not meet the requirements for both high speed and long range at the same time with sufficiently low latency for some applications. Traditional microwave systems can achieve long transmission range, but the data rates are then limited to a few hundred megabits per second. Multi-gigabit per second wireless communications can be achieved using millimetre-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands, especially in E-band, but the practical transmission range has then always been a major weakness.In this article, the world’s first 5Gbps radio solution – and the fastest commercial backhaul product – developed by EM Solutions Pty Ltd with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) – is described. As well as achieving a state-of-the-art data rate, other key design features include maximal path length, minimal latency, and constant antenna pointing under wind and tower vibration.

Gmel, GE, Hamilton, TJ, Obradovic, M, Gorman, RB, Single, PS, Chenery, HJ, Coyne, T, Silburn, PA & Parker, JL 2015, 'A new biomarker for subthalamic deep brain stimulation for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease—a pilot study', Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 066013-066013.
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© 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd. Objective. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become the standard treatment for advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other motor disorders. Although the surgical procedure has improved in accuracy over the years thanks to imaging and microelectrode recordings, the underlying principles that render DBS effective are still debated today. The aim of this paper is to present initial findings around a new biomarker that is capable of assessing the efficacy of DBS treatment for PD which could be used both as a research tool, as well as in the context of a closed-loop stimulator. Approach. We have used a novel multi-channel stimulator and recording device capable of measuring the response of nervous tissue to stimulation very close to the stimulus site with minimal latency, rejecting most of the stimulus artefact usually found with commercial devices. We have recorded and analyzed the responses obtained intraoperatively in two patients undergoing DBS surgery in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for advanced PD. Main results. We have identified a biomarker in the responses of the STN to DBS. The responses can be analyzed in two parts, an initial evoked compound action potential arising directly after the stimulus onset, and late responses (LRs), taking the form of positive peaks, that follow the initial response. We have observed a morphological change in the LRs coinciding with a decrease in the rigidity of the patients. Significance. These initial results could lead to a better characterization of the DBS therapy, and the design of adaptive DBS algorithms that could significantly improve existing therapies and help us gain insights into the functioning of the basal ganglia and DBS.

Golsorkhi, MS & Lu, DDC 2015, 'A Control Method for Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrids Based on V-I Droop Characteristics', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1196-1204.
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© 1986-2012 IEEE. Microgrids' performance and stability mostly depend on power-flow control strategy. In order to allow for coordinated control while maintaining reliable operation, decentralized control methods based on P and Q droop characteristics have been utilized. Inherently, the power droop control methods have slow dynamics. In this paper, a novel control method based on V-I characteristics is introduced to exploit the flexibility and fast dynamics of the inverter-based distributed energy resources. In the proposed method, the direct and quadrature axis voltage components are drooped with the corresponding currents according to a piecewise linear droop function. Eigenvalue analysis of a sample microgrid shows that the proposed method features faster dynamics and improved damping compared to the conventional droop scheme. Simulation results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.

Guan, D-F, Ding, C, Qian, Z-P, Zhang, Y-S, Cao, W-Q & Dutkiewicz, E 2015, 'An SIW-Based Large-Scale Corporate-Feed Array Antenna', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 2969-2976.
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© 2015 IEEE. A 16 × 16 substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed array antenna is proposed in this paper. The array consists of two layers. The top layer employs novel SIW-based subarrays with a compact size. The bottom layer is an 8 × 8 SIW corporate-feed network to feed the subarrays. The Chebyshev amplitude weighting is employed in the feed network, which substantially reduces the side lobe level (SLL). The array antenna is fabricated using low-cost printed circuit board technology. The experimental results show that the proposed array antenna has a large bandwidth of 15% from 18.5 to 21.5 GHz with a peak gain of 29.1 dBi at 20.5 GHz. Across the entire band, high radiation efficiency above 62% and a low SLL below -17 dB are realized. The design principle can be used as a guidance for large-scale planar array antenna design and the proposed antenna can be used as a receiving antenna located on the ground in satellite communication systems.

Guo, D, Ding, J, Tang, J, Xu, M & Zhao, C 2015, 'NIF-based seam carving for image resizing', Multimedia Systems, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 603-613.
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Gupta, B, Notarianni, M, Mishra, N, Shafiei, M, Iacopi, F & Motta, N 2015, 'Corrigendum to “Evolution of epitaxial graphene layers on 3C SiC/Si (1 1 1) as a function of annealing temperature in UHV” [Carbon 68 (2014) 563–572]', Carbon, vol. 84, pp. 280-280.
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Gupta, B, Placidi, E, Hogan, C, Mishra, N, Iacopi, F & Motta, N 2015, 'The transition from 3C SiC(111) to graphene captured by Ultra High Vacuum Scanning Tunneling Microscopy', Carbon, vol. 91, pp. 378-385.
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Ha, Q, Royel, S, Li, J & Li, Y 2015, 'Hysteresis Modeling of Smart Structure MR Devices using Describing Functions', IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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© 1996-2012 IEEE. Magnetorheological (MR) devices have been quite promising for semiactive control, thanks to their capability of adjusting structural parameters, under a low-power control signal, to effectively withstand severe dynamic loadings including seismic events. MR devices, using visco-elastic and ferromagnetic materials, are subject to hysteresis, which may degrade the performance of smart structures. Therefore, this multivalued nonlinearity needs to be properly modeled and characterized for control and health monitoring. As engineering structures operate as low-pass filter in normal conditions, it is suitable to use the classical describing function (DF) method for modeling and analysis of the hysteretic behaviors in MR device-based smart structures. Data obtained from characterizing tests are recorded in look-up tables to obtain the DFs for these devices, using a curve-fitting technique. The proposed DFs are then useful in structural frequency analysis. Experimental results are reported for a steel beam with MR pin joints subject to quake-induced vibrations provided by a shake table.

Ha, QP & Vakiloroaya, V 2015, 'Modeling and optimal control of an energy-efficient hybrid solar air conditioning system', AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION, vol. 49, no. Part B, pp. 262-270.
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© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The paper addresses the modeling and optimal control problem of a new hybrid solar-assisted air conditioning system developed for performance enhancement and energy efficiency improvement. To regulate the mass flow rate of the refrigerant vapor passing through a water storage tank for increasing the refrigerant's sub-cooling process at partial loads, we propose a new discharge bypass line together with an inline solenoid valve, installed after the compressor. In addition, to control the air flow rate, a variable speed drive is coupled with the condenser fan. For the control purpose, a lumped parameter model is first developed to describe the system dynamics in an explicit input-output relationship; then, a linear optimal control scheme is applied for the system's multivariable control. The system has been fully-instrumented to examine its performance under different operation conditions. The system model is then validated by extensive experimental tests. Based on the obtained dynamic model, an optimal controller is designed to minimize a quadratic cost function. Numerical algorithms, implemented in a simulation tool, are then employed to predict the energy performance of the system under transient loads. The experimental results obtained from implementation with PLC demonstrate that the newly-developed system can deliver higher system efficiency owing to amelioration of the refrigeration effect in the direct expansion evaporator and adjustment of its air flow rate. The development is thus promising for improvement of energy efficiency, enhancement of the system performance while fulfilling the cooling demand.

Habibullah, M & Lu, DD-C 2015, 'A Speed-Sensorless FS-PTC of Induction Motors Using Extended Kalman Filters', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 6765-6778.
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© 2015 IEEE. A sensorless finite-state predictive torque control (FS-PTC) strategy uses stator current, estimated stator and rotor flux, and estimated rotor speed to predict stator flux and torque. Direct application of measured stator currents and using a noisy estimated speed in the prediction model degrade the steady-state performance in terms of higher current total harmonic distortion (THD), torque ripple, and flux ripple, particularly at low speeds. This paper proposes an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based, which is a promising state observer, improved prediction model of sensorless FS-PTC for induction motor drives. The EKF has been used to estimate rotor speed, rotor/stator flux, and stator currents accurately. The estimated stator currents, instead of measured currents, are fed back to the prediction model, and thus, small stator current THD is confirmed. Depending on the commanded speed, either the rotor current model or the open-loop stator voltage model is proposed for the EKF to achieve better performance in a wide speed range, including the field-weakening region. The proposed control system has been verified experimentally, and excellent torque and flux responses, robustness, and stable operation at lower and higher speeds have been achieved.

Hasan, MA, Xu, M, He, X & Wang, Y 2015, 'A camera motion histogram descriptor for video shot classification', Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 74, no. 24, pp. 11073-11098.
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© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. In this paper, a novel camera motion descriptor is proposed for video shot classification. In the proposed method, raw motion information of consecutive video frames are extracted by computing the motion vector of each macroblock to form motion vector fields (MVFs). Next, a motion consistency analysis is applied on MVFs to eliminate the inconsistent motion vectors. Then, MVFs are divided into nine (3 × 3) local regions and the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is applied on the motion vectors extracted from each local region in the temporal direction. Consistent motion vectors of a number of MVFs are compactly represented at a time to characterize temporal camera motion. Accordingly, each local region of the whole video shot is represented using a sequence of compactly represented vectors. Finally, the sequence of vectors is converted into a histogram to describe the camera motions of each local region. Combination of all the local histograms is considered as the camera motion descriptor of a video shot. The shot descriptors are used in a classifier to classify video shots. In this work, we use support vector machine (SVM) for performing classification tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed camera motion descriptor has strong discriminative capability to classify different camera motion patterns in professionally captured video shots effectively. We also show that our proposed approach outperforms two state-of-the-art video shot classification methods.

Heidari, R, Afroz, F, Subramanian, R, Cong, S, Sandrasegaran, K & Kong, X 2015, 'Packet Scheduling Study For Heterogeneous Traffic In Downlink 3gpplte System', International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 91-106.
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Long Term Evolution (LTE) network deploys Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology for downlink multi-carrier transmission. To meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for LTE networks, packet scheduling has been employed. Packet scheduling determines when and how the user’s packets are transmitted to the receiver. Therefore effective design of packet scheduling algorithm is an important discussion. The aims of packet scheduling are maximizing system throughput, guaranteeing fairness among users, andminimizing either or both PacketLoss Ratio (PLR)and packet delay. Inthis paper, the performance of two packet scheduling algorithms namely Log Maximum-Largest Weighted Delay First (LOG-MLWDF) and Max Delay Unit (MDU), developed for OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)networks, has been investigated in LTE downlink networks, and acomparison of those algorithmswith a well-known scheduling algorithm namely Maximum-Largest Weighted Delay First(MLWDF) has been studied.The performance evaluation was in terms of system throughput, PLR and fairness index. This study was performed forboth real time (voice and video streaming)and non-real time (best effort)perspectives. Results show that for streaming flows,LOG-MLWDF shows best PLR performance among the considered scheduling schemes, and for best effort flows, it outperforms theother two algorithms in terms of packet delay and throughput.

Hoang, DT, Lu, X, Niyato, D, Wang, P & Han, Z 2015, 'Applications of Repeated Games in Wireless Networks: A Survey', IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2102-2135.
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A repeated game is an effective tool to model interactions and conflicts forplayers aiming to achieve their objectives in a long-term basis. Contrary tostatic noncooperative games that model an interaction among players in only oneperiod, in repeated games, interactions of players repeat for multiple periods;and thus the players become aware of other players' past behaviors and theirfuture benefits, and will adapt their behavior accordingly. In wirelessnetworks, conflicts among wireless nodes can lead to selfish behaviors,resulting in poor network performances and detrimental individual payoffs. Inthis paper, we survey the applications of repeated games in different wirelessnetworks. The main goal is to demonstrate the use of repeated games toencourage wireless nodes to cooperate, thereby improving network performancesand avoiding network disruption due to selfish behaviors. Furthermore, variousproblems in wireless networks and variations of repeated game models togetherwith the corresponding solutions are discussed in this survey. Finally, weoutline some open issues and future research directions.

Hoang, DT, Niyato, D, Wang, P & Kim, DI 2015, 'Performance Analysis of Wireless Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Networks Under Smart Jamming Attacks', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 200-216.
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In cognitive radio networks with wireless energy harvesting, secondary users are able to harvest energy from a wireless power source and then use the harvested energy to transmit data opportunistically on an idle channel allocated to primary users. Such networks have become more common due to pervasiveness of wireless charging, improving the performance of the secondary users. However, in such networks, the secondary users can be vulnerable to jamming attacks by malicious users who can also harvest wireless energy to launch the attacks. In this paper, we first formulate the throughput optimization problem for a secondary user under the attacks by jammers as a Markov decision process (MDP). We then introduce a new solution based on the deception tactic to deal with smart jamming attacks. Furthermore, we propose a learning algorithm for the secondary user to find an optimal transmission policy and extend to the case with multiple secondary users in the same environment. Through the simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithms can effectively reduce adverse effects from smart jammers even when they use different attack strategies.

Hoang, DT, Niyato, D, Wang, P & Kim, DI 2015, 'Performance Optimization for Cooperative Multiuser Cognitive Radio Networks with RF Energy Harvesting Capability', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 3614-3629.
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We study the performance optimization problem for a cognitive radio network with radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting capability for secondary users. In such networks, the secondary users are able to not only transmit packets on a channel licensed to a primary user when the channel is idle, but also harvest RF energy from the primary users' transmissions when the channel is busy. Specifically, we propose a system model where the secondary users are able to cooperate to maximize the overall network throughput through sensing a set of common channels. We first consider the case where the secondary users cooperate in a TDMA fashion and propose a novel solution based on a learning algorithm to find optimal channel access policies for the secondary users. Then, we examine the case where the secondary users cooperate in a decentralized manner and we formulate the cooperative decentralized optimization problem as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (DEC-POMDP). To solve the cooperative decentralized stochastic optimization problem, we apply a decentralized learning algorithm based on the policy gradient and the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain optimal channel access policies. Extensive performance evaluation is conducted and it shows the efficiency and the convergence of the learning algorithms.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Aldeen, M 2015, 'Robust Control for Power Sharing in Microgrids With Low-Inertia Wind and PV Generators', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1067-1077.
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Hossain, MS, Zander, P, Kamal, MS & Chowdhury, L 2015, 'Belief‐rule‐based expert systems for evaluation of e‐government: a case study', Expert Systems, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 563-577.
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AbstractLittle knowledge exists on the impact and results associated with e‐government projects in many specific‐use domains. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of e‐government systems. Because the development of e‐government is a continuous process of improvement, it requires continuous evaluation of the overall e‐government system as well as evaluation of its various dimensions such as determinants, characteristics and results. E‐government development is often complex, with multiple stakeholders, large user bases and complex goals. Consequently, even experts have difficulties in evaluating these systems, especially in an integrated and comprehensive way, as well as on an aggregate level. Expert systems are a candidate solution to evaluate such complex e‐government systems. However, it is difficult for expert systems to cope with uncertain evaluation data that are vague, inconsistent, highly subjective or in other ways, challenging to formalize. This paper presents an approach that can handle uncertainty in e‐government evaluation: the combination of Belief Rule Base knowledge representation and Evidential Reasoning. This approach is illustrated with a concrete prototype, known as the Belief Rule Based Expert System (BRBES) and implemented in the local e‐government of Bangladesh. The results have been compared with a recently developed method of evaluating e‐government, and it is demonstrated that the results of the BRBES are more accurate and reliable. The BRBES can be used to identify the factors that need to be improved to achieve the overall aim of an e‐government project. In addition, various ‘what if’ scenarios can be generated, and developers and managers can obtain a foretaste of the outcomes. Thus, the system can be used to facilitate decision‐making processes under uncertainty.

Hu, J, Zhu, J & Dorrell, DG 2015, 'Model Predictive Control of Grid-Connected Inverters for PV Systems With Flexible Power Regulation and Switching Frequency Reduction', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 587-594.
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Hu, Y, Zhang, J, Cao, W, Wu, J, Tian, GY, Finney, SJ & Kirtley, JL 2015, 'Online Two-Section PV Array Fault Diagnosis With Optimized Voltage Sensor Locations', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 7237-7246.
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Huang, L, Cheng, J, Li, X, Yuan, D, Ni, W, Qu, G, Guan, Q, Zhang, Y & Wang, B 2015, 'Sulfur quantum dots wrapped by conductive polymer shell with internal void spaces for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 4049-4057.
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Novel core–shell sulfur quantum dots/PVK nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile two-step dissolution–precipitation method.

Huang, TN, Yi, X, Boon, CC, He, X, Feng, G, Lim, WM & Zhu, X 2015, 'A CMOS W-Band <formula formulatype='inline'> <tex Notation='TeX'>$4{\times}$</tex></formula> Quasi-Subharmonic Mixer', IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 385-387.
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Huang, X, Zhang, JA & Guo, YJ 2015, 'Out-of-band emission reduction and a unified framework for precoded OFDM', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 151-159.
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© 1979-2012 IEEE. OFDM has been regarded as a promising candidate for use in cognitive radio systems with dynamic spectrum reuse capability. However, conventional OFDM has significant OOBE, which can cause severe interference to systems operating in adjacent frequency bands. In addition to conventional techniques such as spectral shaping filtering, guard band insertion, and time domain windowing, new OOBE reduction techniques, including cancellation carrier and spectral precoding, have been proposed in recent years. This article reviews various OOBE reduction techniques and proposes a generalized lowcomplexity OOBE reduction framework for discrete Fourier transform precoded OFDM. With the allocation of explicit frequency domain cancellation subcarriers and data domain cancellation symbols, the proposed framework enables various configurations to achieve significant OOBE reduction with low implementation complexity, and provides flexibility in balancing OOBE reduction and other performance metrics such as peak-to-average power ratio.

Iacopi, F, Mishra, N, Cunning, BV, Goding, D, Dimitrijev, S, Brock, R, Dauskardt, RH, Wood, B & Boeckl, J 2015, 'A catalytic alloy approach for graphene on epitaxial SiC on silicon wafers', Journal of Materials Research, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 609-616.
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Abstract

Iacopi, F, Van Hove, M, Charles, M & Endo, K 2015, 'Power electronics with wide bandgap materials: Toward greener, more efficient technologies', MRS Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 390-395.
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Abstract

Ji, L-Y, Guo, YJ, Qin, P-Y, Gong, S-X & Mittra, R 2015, 'A Reconfigurable Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) Antenna for Beam Steering', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 2387-2395.
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The design of a novel partially reflective surface (PRS) antenna with the capability of beam steering is presented in this paper. The beam steering is realized by employing a reconfigurable PRS structure to achieve a changeable reflection phase as well as using a phased array as the source to excite the PRS antenna. A prototype antenna including the biasing network is fabricated and measured. It achieves a consistent beam steering from -15 degrees to 15 degrees with respect to the broadside direction across an overlapped frequency range from 5.5 to 5.7 GHz with measured realized gains over 12 dBi. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results for the input reflection coefficients and radiation patterns is achieved, which validates the feasibility of the design principle. Compared with other beam steering PRS antennas, the proposed one enables a larger beam steering angle with comparable gains, requires a simpler biasing network, and is more compact.

Jonáš, A, McGloin, D & Kiraz, A 2015, 'Droplet Lasers', Optics and Photonics News, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 36-36.
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Karim, MR, Rahman, BMA, Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A & Agrawal, GP 2015, 'Ultrabroadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation through dispersion engineering of chalcogenide microstructured fibers', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 2343-2351.
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Kemp, M & Xu, RYD 2015, 'Geometrically-constrained balloon fitting for multiple connected ellipses', Pattern Recognition, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 2198-2208.
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Khan, MI & kamal, MS 2015, 'Performance evaluation of Warshall algorithm and dynamic programming for Markov chain in local sequence alignment', Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 78-81.
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Kwok, N, Shi, H, Fang, G, Ha, Q, Yu, Y-H, Wu, T, Li, H & Nguyen, T 2015, 'Color image enhancement using correlated intensity and saturation adjustments', JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS, vol. 62, no. 13, pp. 1037-1047.
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© 2015 Taylor & Francis. The enhancement of digital color images needs to be performed in accordance with human perception in terms of hue, saturation, and intensity attributes instead of improving only the contrast. Two approaches were developed in this work, which use a correlated adjustment mechanism incorporating intensity and saturation attributes and provide contrast and saturation enhancements together with brightness consistency. In these algorithms, object edges are emphasized for contrast, and image saturation is increased by boosting the salient regions. Furthermore, intensity and saturation enhancements are carried out in a lattice structure where adjustments are made inter-related for better performance. Experiments were conducted with benchmark and real-world images. Results had shown improvements in image qualities both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP & Vesilo, R 2015, 'Opportunistic Spectrum Access with Two Channel Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 126-138.
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Lam, HK, Ekong, U, Xiao, B, Ouyang, G, Liu, H, Chan, KY & Ling, SH 2015, 'Variable weight neural networks and their applications on material surface and epilepsy seizure phase classifications', NEUROCOMPUTING, vol. 149, pp. 1177-1187.
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Lei, G, Liu, C, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2015, 'Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization of a PM Transverse Flux Machine With Soft Magnetic Composite Core', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1-4.
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Lei, G, Liu, C, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2015, 'Techniques for Multilevel Design Optimization of Permanent Magnet Motors', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1574-1584.
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Lei, G, Wang, T, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Wang, S 2015, 'System-Level Design Optimization Method for Electrical Drive Systems—Robust Approach', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 4702-4713.
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A system-level design optimization method under the framework of a deterministic approach was presented for electrical drive systems in our previous work, in which not only motors but also the integrated control schemes were designed and optimized to achieve good steady and dynamic performances. However, there are many unavoidable uncertainties (noise factors) in the industrial manufacturing process, such as material characteristics and manufacturing precision. These will result in big fluctuations for the product's reliability and quality in mass production, which are not investigated in the deterministic approach. Therefore, a robust approach based on the technique of design for six sigma is presented for the system-level design optimization of drive systems to improve the reliability and quality of products in batch production in this work. Meanwhile, two system-level optimization frameworks are presented for the proposed method, namely, single-level (only at the system level) and multilevel frameworks. Finally, a drive system is investigated as an example, and detailed results are presented and discussed. It can be found that the reliability and quality levels of the investigated drive system have been greatly increased by using the proposed robust approach.

Li, K, Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Han, Z, Rosenfeld, AB, Hutton, B & Lerch, MLF 2015, 'A new virtual ring-based system matrix generator for iterative image reconstruction in high resolution small volume PET systems', PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, vol. 60, no. 17, pp. 6949-6973.
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Li, X, Wang, Z, Zhang, Z, Chen, L, Cheng, J, Ni, W, Wang, B & Xie, E 2015, 'Light Illuminated α−Fe2O3/Pt Nanoparticles as Water Activation Agent for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, no. 1.
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AbstractThe photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is hampered by strong bonds of H2O molecules and low ionic conductivity of pure water. The photocatalysts dispersed in pure water can serve as a water activation agent, which provides an alternative pathway to overcome such limitations. Here we report that the light illuminated α−Fe2O3/Pt nanoparticles may produce a reservoir of reactive intermediates including H2O2, ·OH, OH− and H+ capable of promoting the pure water reduction/oxidation half−reactions at cathode and highly photocatalytic−active TiO2/In2S3/AgInS2 photoanode, respectively. Remarkable photocurrent enhancement has been obtained with α−Fe2O3/Pt as water activation agent. The use of α−Fe2O3/Pt to promote the reactivity of pure water represents a new paradigm for reproducible hydrogen fuel provision by PEC water splitting, allowing efficient splitting of pure water without adding of corrosive chemicals or sacrificial agent.

Lijun Zhang, Xiaohua Xia & Jiangfeng Zhang 2015, 'Medium Density Control for Coal Washing Dense Medium Cyclone Circuits', IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1117-1122.
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Lin, S, Ni, W, Tian, H & Liu, RP 2015, 'An Evolutionary Game Theoretic Framework for Femtocell Radio Resource Management', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 6365-6376.
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© 2002-2012 IEEE. Plug-and-play femtocells will be an integrating part of future cellular networks. Resource management and interference mitigation become challenging, suffering from severely delayed network control in large-scale deployments. We propose a new game theoretic framework, where fast interference suppression is decoupled from the relatively slow frequency allocation process to tolerate the delayed control. The key idea is to cast femtocell clustering as an outer-loop evolutionary game coupled with bankruptcy channel allocation, which drives the cells to spontaneously switch to less interfered clusters. Within each cluster, we design an inner-loop non-cooperative power control game, such that the requirement of prompt control is eliminated. The two loops interact recursively with analytically confirmed stability. Simulations show that our framework can improve the throughput by 13.2% in a network of 200 cells, compared to the prior art. The gain grows further with the network size.

Liu, C, Zhu, J, Wang, Y, Guo, Y & Lei, G 2015, 'Comparison of Claw-Pole Machines With Different Rotor Structures', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1-4.
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Liu, C, Zhu, J, Wang, Y, Guo, Y, Lei, G & Liu, X 2015, 'Development of a low-cost double rotor axial flux motor with soft magnetic composite and ferrite permanent magnet materials', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 117, no. 17, pp. 17B507-17B507.
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This paper proposes a low-cost double rotor axial flux motor (DRAFM) with low cost soft magnetic composite (SMC) core and ferrite permanent magnets (PMs). The topology and operating principle of DRAFM and design considerations for best use of magnetic materials are presented. A 905 W 4800 rpm DRAFM is designed for replacing the high cost NdFeB permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a refrigerator compressor. By using the finite element method, the electromagnetic parameters and performance of the DRAFM operated under the field oriented control scheme are calculated. Through the analysis, it is shown that that the SMC and ferrite PM materials can be good candidates for low-cost electric motor applications.

Liu, H, Zhu, X, Boon, CC & He, X 2015, 'Cell-Based Variable-Gain Amplifiers With Accurate dB-Linear Characteristic in 0.18 µm CMOS Technology', IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 586-596.
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A simple and robust “cell-based” method is presented for the design of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs). The proposed unit cell utilizes a unique gain compensation method and achieves accurate dB-linear characteristic across a wide tuning range with low power consumption and wide bandwidth. Several such highly dB-linear unit cells can be cascaded to provide the required gain range for a VGA. To prove the concept, single-cell, 5-cell, 10-cell and 15-cell reconfigurable VGAs were fabricated in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the 10-cell VGA achieves a gain range of 38.6 dB with less than 0.19 dB gain error. The 15-cell VGA can either be used as recon- figurable VGA for analog control voltage or tunable PGA for digital control stream, with the flexibility of scaling gain range, gain error/step and power consumption. For the VGA at highest gain setting, it consumes 1.12 mW and achieves a gain range of 56 dB, gain error less than 0.3 dB.

Liu, H, Zhu, X, Boon, CC & Yi, X 2015, 'Design of an oscillator with low phase noise and medium output power in a 0.25 µm GaN‐on‐SiC high electron‐mobility transistors technology', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 795-801.
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Liu, H, Zhu, X, Boon, CC, Yi, X & Kong, L 2015, 'A 71 dB 150 <formula formulatype='inline'><tex Notation='TeX'>$\mu {\rm W}$</tex></formula> Variable-Gain Amplifier in 0.18 <formula formulatype='inline'><tex Notation='TeX'>$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> CMOS Technology', IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 334-336.
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Liu, L, Kong, X & Chen, J 2015, 'How project duration, upfront costs and uncertainty interact and impact on software development productivity? A simulation approach', International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 39-39.
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Identifying impact factors on software development productivity and the static relations between the impact factors and performance has been the main focus in the literature. Insight into the dynamic relation between key factors and performance dimensions would expand and complement the conventional wisdom on software development productivity. This is the first study to present such dynamic relationship based on an Analytical Theory of Project Investment. Through simulation, we have demonstrated the dynamic relationship between project duration, the uncertainty level of the perceived project value, the fixed project upfront cost and software development productivity. The findings provide practitioners with insight into how these factors interact and impact on software development project productivity.

Liu, W, Jia, S, Li, P, Chen, X, Yang, J & Wu, Q 2015, 'An MRF-Based Depth Upsampling: Upsample the Depth Map With Its Own Property', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1708-1712.
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Liu, W, Xue, H, Yu, Z, Wu, Q & Yang, J 2015, 'RGB-D depth-map restoration using smooth depth neighborhood supports', Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 033015-033015.
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Liu, X, Wang, L, Huang, G-B, Zhang, J & Yin, J 2015, 'Multiple kernel extreme learning machine', Neurocomputing, vol. 149, pp. 253-264.
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Liu, Z, Zhang, Z, Wu, Q & Wang, Y 2015, 'Enhancing person re-identification by integrating gait biometric', Neurocomputing, vol. 168, pp. 1144-1156.
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Person re-identification is an important problem for associating behavior of people monitored in surveillance camera networks. The fundamental challenges of person re-identification are the large appearance distortions caused by view angles, illumination and occlusions. To address these challenges, a method is proposed in this paper to enhance person re-identification by integrating gait biometric. The proposed framework consists of the hierarchical feature extraction and descriptor matching with learned metric matrices. Considering the appearance feature is not discriminative in some cases, the feature in this work composes of the appearance features and the gait feature for shape and temporal information. In order to solve the view-angle change problem and measuring similarity, data are mapped into a metric space so that distances between people can be measured more accurately. Then two fusion strategies are adopted. The score-level fusion computes distances on the appearance feature and the gait feature, respectively, and combine them as the final distance between samples. The feature-level fusion firstly installs two types of features in series and then computes distances by the fused feature. Finally, our method is tested on the CASIA gait dataset. Experiments show that integrating gait biometric is an effective way to enhance person re-identification.

Lu, S, Mei, T, Wang, J, Zhang, J, Wang, Z & Li, S 2015, 'Exploratory Product Image Search With Circle-to-Search Interaction', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1190-1202.
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Ma, X, Liu, D, Zhang, J & Xin, J 2015, 'A fast affine-invariant features for image stitching under large viewpoint changes', Neurocomputing, vol. 151, no. P3, pp. 1430-1438.
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© 2014 Elsevier B.V. Image alignment and stitching is a popular application on many smart phones, but it is time consuming and creates a critical bottle neck in the course of implementation. In this paper, a fast and high-quality image stitching method is proposed. First, a series of simulated images is obtained by simulating the latitude and longitude angles of a raw image; second, FAST detector is used to detect the features of all the simulated images and described by Fast Retina Key-point (FREAK) before all the feature information is projected to the raw image; third, Hamming distance is used as a feature similarity metric and all the features are matched directly instead of using the repetitive projection in Affine-SIFT (ASIFT). RANSAC is then used to achieve the optimal affine-transformations, and lastly, a weighted average bending algorithm is used to smooth the intensities of the overlapping regions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed image stitching method greatly increases the speed of the image alignment process and produces a satisfactory result.

Mahamedi, B, Sanaye‐Pasand, M, Azizi, S & Zhu, JG 2015, 'Unsynchronised fault‐location technique for three‐terminal lines', IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 2099-2107.
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This study describes a new fault-location technique using negative-sequence voltage for three-terminal lines. The ratios between the negative-sequence voltage magnitudes measured at each terminal are utilised to first determine the faulted section and then to estimate the exact fault location within the section. Since the current data is not deployed, the influence of inherent errors of current transformers can be avoided. The proposed method can accurately locate the unbalanced faults, that is, single-phase-to-ground, double-phase-to-ground, and phase-to-phase faults, regardless of the fault resistance and pre-fault conditions and without any need to identify the fault type. The method requires only the negative-sequence reactance behind each terminal which can be estimated by the shortcircuit analysis with an acceptable accuracy. Reliability and practicality of the proposed method make it an attractive option to include in numerical protective relays. Simulation experiments with different fault cases reveal the capability of the proposed method.

Matekovits, L, Thalakotuna, D, Esselle, KP, Hay, SG & Heimlich, M 2015, 'EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT MODELS FOR EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION AND DISPERSION ANALYSES OF MULTI-STATE PERIODIC STRUCTURES', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 153, pp. 93-102.
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McDonald, C & McGloin, D 2015, 'Bubble wrap for optical trapping and cell culturing', Biomedical Optics Express, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 3757-3757.
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McDonald, C & McGloin, D 2015, 'Low-cost optical manipulation using hanging droplets of PDMS', RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 68, pp. 55561-55565.
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A low-cost optical manipulation system is realised by using simple microfabricated PDMS components coupled to a smartphone camera for imaging.

McGloin, D 2015, 'Cellular lasers', Nature Photonics, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 559-560.
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Miyazaki, Y, Arakane, Y & Miyanaga, Y 2015, 'Robust Phrase Speech Recognition for Noisy Acoustically Similar Words', Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 195-207.
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Muhammad, KSB & Lu, DD-C 2015, 'ZCS Bridgeless Boost PFC Rectifier Using Only Two Active Switches', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2795-2806.
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© 1982-2012 IEEE. Existing bridgeless boost (BLB) converter with soft switching utilize more than two active switches and extra resonant networks. In this paper, a new zero-current-switching BLB rectifier with high power factor (PF) using only two active switches is proposed. The proposed BLB converter is based on a totem-pole BLB (TPBLB) configuration, which allows the current to flow from high side to low side and vice versa during resonance. Hence, no auxiliary active switch is needed to provide soft switching for all semiconductor devices. The soft switching also reduces the body diode reverse recovery problem, hence allowing the TPBLB to operate in continuous conduction mode. Standard components are used to prove that the proposed converter is working with an acceptable performance compared with other BLB converters with soft switching. In order to achieve smooth input current waveform, high PF, and wide soft-switching operations, a pulsewidth modulation controller is proposed and developed, which combines a conventional PF correction average current mode controller with several logic gates and a phase detector. A detailed analysis of the converter operation and control is presented. Design considerations and parameter values calculations are given. An experimental prototype is developed and tested to verify the converter performance.

Mulya Saputra, Y & Yun, J-H 2015, 'Performance Analysis of Adaptive Radio Activation in Dual-Radio Aggregation System', Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1901-1907.
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Nana Duan, Weijie Xu, Shuhong Wang, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 2015, 'An Improved XFEM With Multiple High-Order Enrichment Functions and Low-Order Meshing Elements for Field Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices With Multiple Nearby Geometrical Interfaces', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 1-4.
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This paper proposes an improved extended finite element method (XFEM) for modeling electromagnetic devices with multiple nearby geometrical interfaces. In regions near these interfaces, the magnetic vector potential approximation is enriched by incorporat-ing multiple derivative discontinuous fields based on the partition of unity method such that the interfaces can be represented inde-pendent of the mesh. The support of a node or an element can be cut by several interfaces. This method results in the high accuracy in the approximation field and the derivative field. Numerical examples applied to the iron core in 1D eddy current field involving level set based parts, error analysis and electromagnetic field computations are provided to demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach.

Ni, W, Cheng, J, Li, X, Gu, G, Huang, L, Guan, Q, Yuan, D & Wang, B 2015, 'Polymeric cathode materials of electroactive conducting poly(triphenylamine) with optimized structures for potential organic pseudo-capacitors with higher cut-off voltage and energy density', RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 9221-9227.
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Electroactive conducting polymers (ECPs) with designed structures via fast surface reactions are able to store/harvest more electrical energy and may serve as potential cathode materials for organic pseudo-capacitors with higher voltages.

Ni, W, Collings, IB, Lipman, J, Wang, X, Tao, M & Abolhasan, M 2015, 'GRAPH THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO FUTURE NETWORK PLANNING: SOFTWARE-DEFINED ONLINE SMALL CELL MANAGEMENT', IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 52-60.
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© 2015 IEEE. Network planning is facing new and critical challenges due to ad hoc deployment, unbalanced and drastically varying traffic demands, as well as limited backhaul and hardware resources in emerging small cell architectures. We discuss the application of graph theory to address the challenges. A clique-based software-defined online network management approach is proposed that captures traffic imbalance and fluctuation of small cells and optimally plans frequencies, infrastructures, and network structure at any instant. Its applications to three important small cell scenarios of cloud radio, point-to-point microwave backhaul, and interoperator spectrum sharing are demonstrated. Comparison studies show that in each of the scenarios, this new approach is able to significantly outperform conventional static offline network planning schemes in terms of throughput and satisfaction levels of small cells with regard to allocated bandwidths. Specifically, the throughput can be improved by 155 percent for the cloud radio scenario and 110.95 percent for the microwave backhaul scenario. The satisfaction level can be improved by 40 percent for interoperator spectrum sharing.

Ni, W, Collings, IB, Wang, X, Liu, RP, Kajan, A, Hedley, M & Abolhasan, M 2015, 'Radio Alignment for Inductive Charging of Electric Vehicles', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 427-440.
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© 2005-2012 IEEE. To maximize power transfer for inductively charging electric vehicles (EVs), charger and battery coils must be aligned. Wireless sensors can be installed to estimate misalignments; however, existing ranging techniques cannot satisfy the precision requirements of the misalignment estimation. We propose a high-precision wireless ranging and misalignment estimation scheme, where high precision is achieved by iteratively measuring, estimating, and aligning the coils. Another key aspect is to convert the nonconvex misalignment estimation to a more tractable problem with a convex objective. We develop a conditional gradient descent method to solve the problem, which performs gradient descent (or conditional gradient descent on the boundary of the search space) and projects out-of-boundary points back into the space. Employing experimentally validated models, we show that our scheme can achieve 92% of the efficiency of perfectly aligned coils in 90% of operations, and tolerate correlated distance measurement errors. In contrast, the prior art is susceptible to correlation, undergoing a significant efficiency degradation of 18.5%.

Ni, W, Li, X, Hou, Z, Zhang, H, Qiu, W & Wang, W 2015, 'Impact of cataract surgery on vision-related life performances: the usefulness of Real-Life Vision Test for cataract surgery outcomes evaluation', Eye, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1545-1554.
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PURPOSE: Real-Life Vision Test (RLVT) is a newly developed performance-based measures of functional vision. This present study is designed to determine whether it could be a meaningful assessment for cataract surgery outcomes evaluation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Age-related cataract patients (56) who scheduled for bilateral cataract surgery and 44 age-matched controls were evaluated by four types of measurements: (1) demographic, medical, cognitive and depressive evaluation, and the reaction time testing; (2) clinical measures (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and color perception); (3) the 25-item National Eye Institute's Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ); (4) the RLVT. Spearman's coefficients and multiple regression analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship among RLVT, clinical measures, and self-report assessment of visual function. RESULTS: The results of RLVT, clinical measures, and NEI-VFQ total scores were improved significantly after cataract surgery. There were no differences between control subjects and post-surgery patients with respect to NEI-VFQ-25 total scores, self-rating depression scale scores and three tasks of RLVT. Change of RLVT was significantly associated with the change of clinical measures in the cataract group. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that change of distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, and binocular contrast sensitivity were significant predictors of improvements of RLVT. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery could improve real-world visual ability effectively for cataract patients. Our study highlights the potential usefulness of RLVT as an adjunct to the current outcomes evaluation system for cataract surgery. The use of RLVT combined with clinical and self-survey methods may be the comprehensive strategy to manifest the impact of cataract surgery on patients' overall vision-related quality of life.

Ni, W, Wang, W, Hong, J, Zhang, P & Liu, C 2015, 'A novel histopathologic finding in the Descemet's membrane of a patient with Peters Anomaly: a case-report and literature review', BMC Ophthalmology, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 139.
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BACKGROUND: Peters anomaly is a rare developmental abnormality of the anterior segment of the eye and is one of the main causes of congenital corneal opacities. Typically, histopathology of Peters anomaly shows immature or absent Descemet's membrane and attenuated endothelial cells in the area of the corneal opacity, in addition to thinning or absence of Bowman's membrane and defects in the posterior stroma. In this report, we present a novel histopathological finding, which has not been previously reported, in the Descemet's membrane of a patient who is clinically diagnosed with Peters anomaly. CASE PRESENTATION: A 7-years old female child with developmentally delayed was born of a normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Apparent bilateral corneal opacifications were present at birth. On ophthalmologic examination, the child had a visual acuity of FC/20 cm in the right eye and that of FC/10 cm in the left one. Horizontal nystagmus and congenital cataract were found in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral central corneal opacities which covered the iris and pupils. High-frequency UBM and AS-OCT both showed a shallow anterior chamber with multiple areas of iridocorneal adhesions and no corneal lenticular touch in each eye. A corneal specialist performed a penetrating keratoplasty with extra-capsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Histopathologic procedures were conducted on the host corneal button, including Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and Periodic Acid-Schiff stain. All the sections were examined by light microscopy. CONCLUSION: The 'multiple-layer' structure of the Descemet's membrane described in our case has not been reported before as in association with abnormalities of the cornea tissues in Peters anomaly. Such pathological finding need to be reported to enhance further understanding of the special structure of Descemet's membrane as an abnormality during embryogenesis and neural crest cell differentiations.

Nimmy, SF & Kamal, MS 2015, 'Next generation sequencing under de novo genome assembly', International Journal of Biomathematics, vol. 08, no. 05, pp. 1530001-1530001.
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The next generation sequencing (NGS) is an important process which assures inexpensive organization of vast size of raw sequence dataset over any traditional sequencing systems or methods. Various aspects of NGS such as template preparation, sequencing imaging and genome alignment and assembly outline the genome sequencing and alignment. Consequently, de Bruijn graph (dBG) is an important mathematical tool that graphically analyzes how the orientations are constructed in groups of nucleotides. Basically, dBG describes the formation of the genome segments in circular iterative fashions. Some pivotal dBG-based de novo algorithms and software packages such as T-IDBA, Oases, IDBA-tran, Euler, Velvet, ABySS, AllPaths, SOAPde novo and SOAPde novo2 are illustrated in this paper. Consequently, overlap layout consensus (OLC) graph-based algorithms also play vital role in NGS assembly. Some important OLC-based algorithms such as MIRA3, CABOG, Newbler, Edena, Mosaik and SHORTY are portrayed in this paper. It has been experimented that greedy graph-based algorithms and software packages are also vital for proper genome dataset assembly. A few algorithms named SSAKE, SHARCGS and VCAKE help to perform proper genome sequencing.

Niyato, D, Hoang, DT, Luong, NC, Wang, P, Kim, DI & Han, Z 2015, 'Smart Data Pricing Models for Internet-of-Things (IoT): A Bundling Strategy Approach', IEEE Network, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 18-25.
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Internet of things (IoT) has emerged as a new paradigm for the futureInternet. In IoT, enormous devices are connected to the Internet and therebybeing a huge data source for numerous applications. In this article, we focuson addressing data management in IoT through using a smart data pricing (SDP)approach. With SDP, data can be managed flexibly and efficiently throughintelligent and adaptive incentive mechanisms. Moreover, it is a major sourceof revenue for providers and partners. We propose a new pricing scheme for IoTservice providers to determine the sensing data buying price and IoT servicesubscription fee offered to sensor owners and service users, respectively.Additionally, we adopt the bundling strategy that allows multiple providers toform a coalition and bid their services as a bundle, attracting more users andachieving higher revenue. Finally, we outline some important open researchissues for SDP and IoT.

Phien, HN, Bengua, JA, Tuan, HD, Corboz, P & Orus, R 2015, 'Infinite projected entangled pair states algorithm improved: Fast full update and gauge fixing', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 92, no. 3.
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© 2015 American Physical Society. ©2015 American Physical Society. The infinite projected entangled pair states (iPEPS) algorithm [J. Jordan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 250602 (2008)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.101.250602] has become a useful tool in the calculation of ground-state properties of two-dimensional quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit. Despite its many successful implementations, the method has some limitations in its present formulation which hinder its application to some highly entangled systems. The purpose of this paper is to unravel some of these issues, in turn enhancing the stability and efficiency of iPEPS methods. For this, we first introduce the fast full update scheme, where effective environment and iPEPS tensors are both simultaneously updated (or evolved) throughout time. As we shall show, this implies two crucial advantages: (i) dramatic computational savings and (ii) improved overall stability. In addition, we extend the application of the local gauge fixing, successfully implemented for finite-size PEPS [M. Lubasch, Phys. Rev. B 90, 064425 (2014)PRBMDO1098-012110.1103/PhysRevB.90.064425], to the iPEPS algorithm. We see that the gauge fixing not only further improves the stability of the method but also accelerates the convergence of the alternating least-squares sweeping in the (either 'full' or 'fast full') tensor update scheme. The improvement in terms of computational cost and stability of the resulting 'improved' iPEPS algorithm is benchmarked by studying the ground-state properties of the quantum Heisenberg and transverse-field Ising models on an infinite square lattice.

Qiao, M, Bian, W, Xu, RYD & Tao, D 2015, 'Diversified Hidden Markov Models for Sequential Labeling.', IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 2947-2960.
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Qin, P-Y, Wei, F & Guo, YJ 2015, 'A Wideband-to-Narrowband Tunable Antenna Using A Reconfigurable Filter', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 2282-2285.
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A novel microstrip circular disc monopole antenna with a reconfigurable 10-dB impedance bandwidth is proposed in this communication for cognitive radios (CRs). The antenna is fed by a microstrip line integrated with a bandpass filter based on a three-line coupled resonator (TLCR). The reconfiguration of the filter enables the monopole antenna to operate at either a wideband state or a narrowband state by using a PIN diode. For the narrowband state, two varactor diodes are employed to change the antenna operating frequency from 3.9 to 4.82 GHz continuously, which is different from previous work using PIN diodes to realize a discrete tuning. Similar radiation patterns with low cross-polarization levels are achieved for the two operating states. Measured results on tuning range, radiation patterns, and realized gains are provided, which show good agreement with numerical simulations.

Rahman, MS, Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2015, 'A multi-agent approach for enhancing transient stability of smart grids', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 67, pp. 488-500.
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Rahman, MS, Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR, Hossain, MJ & Orchi, TF 2015, 'Distributed Multi-Agent-Based Protection Scheme for Transient Stability Enhancement in Power Systems', International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 117-129.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new distributed agent-based scheme to enhance the transient stability of power systems by maintaining phase angle cohesiveness of interconnected generators through proper relay coordination with critical clearing time (CCT) information. In this distributed multi-agent infrastructure, intelligent agents represent various physical device models to provide dynamic information and energy flow among different physical processes of power systems. The agents can communicate with each other in a distributed manner with a final aim to control circuit breakers (CBs) with CCT information as this is the key issue for maintaining and enhancing the transient stability of power systems. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated on a standard IEEE 39-bus New England benchmark system under different large disturbances such as three-phase short-circuit faults and changes in loads within the systems. From the simulation results, it is found that the proposed scheme significantly enhances the transient stability of power systems as compared to a conventional scheme of static CB operation.

Rana, M & Li, L 2015, 'An Overview of Distributed Microgrid State Estimation and Control for Smart Grids', Sensors, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 4302-4325.
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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Given the significant concerns regarding carbon emission from the fossil fuels, global warming and energy crisis, the renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) are going to be integrated in the smart grid. This grid can spread the intelligence of the energy distribution and control system from the central unit to the long-distance remote areas, thus enabling accurate state estimation (SE) and wide-area real-time monitoring of these intermittent energy sources. In contrast to the traditional methods of SE, this paper proposes a novel accuracy dependent Kalman filter (KF) based microgrid SE for the smart grid that uses typical communication systems. Then this article proposes a discrete-time linear quadratic regulation to control the state deviations of the microgrid incorporating multiple DERs. Therefore, integrating these two approaches with application to the smart grid forms a novel contributions in green energy and control research communities. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed KF based microgrid SE and control algorithm provides an accurate SE and control compared with the existing method.

Rana, MM, Li, L & Su, S 2015, 'Distributed State Estimation Using RSC Coded Smart Grid Communications', IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 1340-1349.
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© 2013 IEEE. Recently, the renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) have become more and more popular due to carbon-free energy sources and environment-friendly electricity generation. Unfortunately, these power generation patterns are mostly intermittent in nature and distributed over the electrical grid, which creates challenging problems in the reliability of the smart grid. Thus, the smart grid has a strong requisite for an efficient communication infrastructure to facilitate estimating the DER states. In contrast to the traditional methods of centralized state estimation (SE), we propose a distributed approach to microgrid SE based on the concatenated coding structure. In this framework, the DER state is treated as a dynamic outer code, and the recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code is seen as a concatenated inner code for protection and redundancy in the system states. Furthermore, in order to properly monitor the intermittent energy source from any place, this paper proposes a distributed SE method. Particularly, the outputs of the local SE are treated as measurements, which are fed into the master fusion station. At the end, the global SE can be obtained by combining local SEs with corresponding weighting factors. The weighting factors can be calculated by inspiring the covariance intersection method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is able to estimate the system state properly.

Ranjbar Kermany, A & Iacopi, F 2015, 'Controlling the intrinsic bending of hetero-epitaxial silicon carbide micro-cantilevers', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 118, no. 15, pp. 155304-155304.
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We introduce a simple methodology to predict and tailor the intrinsic bending of a cantilever made of a single thin film of hetero-epitaxial silicon carbide grown on silicon. The combination of our novel method for the depth profiling of residual stress with a few nm resolution with finite element modelling allows for the prediction of the bending behaviour with great accuracy. We also demonstrate experimentally that a silicon carbide cantilever made of one distinct film type can be engineered to obtain the desired degree of either upward, flat, or downward bending, by selecting the appropriate thickness and cantilever geometry. A precise control of cantilever bending is crucial for microelectrical mechanical system applications such as micro-actuators, micro-switches, and resonant sensors.

Rufangura, P & Sabah, C 2015, 'Dual-band perfect metamaterial absorber for solar cell applications', Vacuum, vol. 120, pp. 68-74.
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Rufangura, P & Sabah, C 2015, 'Polarization angle insensitive dual‐band perfect metamaterial absorber for solar cell applications', physica status solidi c, vol. 12, no. 9-11, pp. 1241-1245.
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AbstractA metamaterial absorber that effectively harvests solar energy is being proposed in this paper using a simple and high flexible structure. The proposed structure unit cell comprises of three vital layers. The ground metallic plane, an intermediate dielectric spacer while patches are wisely prepared on the top of a dielectric spacer. Geometrical parameters of the proposed metamaterial is studied in order to get insight on their impact for the absorption behaviour of the structure. The results from simulation provides two excellent absorption resonance (99.96% and 99.37%) in the visible spectrum range of electromagnetic wave. Due to the excellent symmetry of the proposed metamaterial design, its absorption coefficient is polarisation insensitive for a wide range of incident angles of electromagnetic radiations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Safavi-Naeini, M, Han, Z, Alnaghy, S, Cutajar, D, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Franklin, DR, Bucci, J, Carrara, M, Zaider, M & Rosenfeld, AB 2015, 'BrachyView, a novel in-body imaging system for HDR prostate brachytherapy: Experimental evaluation', MEDICAL PHYSICS, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 7098-7107.
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Purpose: This paper presents initial experimental results from a prototype of high dose rate (HDR) BrachyView, a novel in-body source tracking system for HDR brachytherapy based on a multipinhole tungsten collimator and a high resolution pixellated silicon detector array. The probe and its associated position estimation algorithms are validated and a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy of its position estimation capabilities is presented. Methods: The HDR brachytherapy source is moved through a sequence of positions in a prostate phantom, for various displacements in x, y, and z. For each position, multiple image acquisitions are performed, and source positions are reconstructed. Error estimates in each dimension are calculated at each source position and combined to calculate overall positioning errors. Gafchromic film is used to validate the accuracy of source placement within the phantom. Results: More than 90% of evaluated source positions were estimated with an error of less than one millimeter, with the worst-case error being 1.3 mm. Experimental results were in close agreement with previously published Monte Carlo simulation results. Conclusions: The prototype of HDR BrachyView demonstrates a satisfactory level of accuracy in its source position estimation, and additional improvements are achievable with further refinement of HDR BrachyView's image processing algorithms.

Salisa, AR, Walker, PD, Zhang, N & Zhu, JG 2015, 'COMPARATIVE COST-BASED ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH CONVENTIONAL AND HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES', International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 2262-2271.
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© 2015 Universiti Malaysia Pahang. Hybrid electric vehicles provide higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions through the combination of the conventional internal combustion engine with electric machines. This paper analyzes and compares two types of hybrid electric powertrain with a conventional vehicle powertrain to study the lifetime costs of these vehicles. The novelty of the University of Technology Sydney plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (UTS PHEV) arises through a special power-splitting device and energy management strategy. The UTS PHEV and comparative powertrains are studied through numerical simulations to determine fuel consumption for the proposed low and high congestion drive cycles. Satisfactory results are achieved in terms of fuel economy, the all-electric range and electrical energy consumption for the UTS PHEV powertrain, providing significant improvement over the alternative powertrains. The analysis of these vehicles is extended to include a cost-based analysis of each powertrain in order to estimate the total lifetime costs at different fuel prices. The results obtained from this analysis demonstrate that whilst the conventional powertrain is cheaper in terms of purchase and maintenance costs, both alternative configurations are more cost-effective overall as the average price of fuel increases.

Shen, L, Lu, DD & Li, C 2015, 'Adaptive sliding mode control method for DC–DC converters', IET Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1723-1732.
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© 2015. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. This study presents an adaptive sliding mode control method for DC-DC converters. In the state space model of DC-DC converters, there are always some unknown coordinate components of the desired equilibrium point (static working point), which are necessary to obtain the error vector and then build the sliding surface. To obtain the unknown coordinate components of the equilibrium point, an adaptive law is proposed. The adaptive law and the error response are formulated in a single equation, which determines the system performance. A systematic sliding mode control design procedure of a class of DC-DC converters is hence carried out. To verify the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode control method, the negative output elementary super lift Luo converter is used as a design example. Simulation and experimental results are reported to confirm the proposed approach.

Siwakoti, YP, Blaabjerg, F & Loh, PC 2015, 'Quasi-Y-Source Boost DC–DC Converter', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 6514-6519.
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Siwakoti, YP, Loh, PC, Blaabjerg, F, Andreasen, SJ & Town, GE 2015, 'Y-Source Boost DC/DC Converter for Distributed Generation.', IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1059-1069.
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Siwakoti, YP, Peng, FZ, Blaabjerg, F, Loh, PC & Town, GE 2015, 'Impedance-Source Networks for Electric Power Conversion Part I: A Topological Review', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 699-716.
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© 2014 IEEE. Impedance networks cover the entire of electric power conversion from dc (converter, rectifier), ac (inverter), to phase and frequency conversion (ac-ac) in a wide range of applications. Various converter topologies have been reported in the literature to overcome the limitations and problems of the traditional voltage source, current source as well as various classical buck-boost, unidirectional, and bidirectional converter topologies. Proper implementation of the impedance-source network with appropriate switching configurations and topologies reduces the number of power conversion stages in the system power chain, which may improve the reliability and performance of the power system. The first part of this paper provides a comprehensive review of the various impedance-source-networks-based power converters and discusses the main topologies from an application point of view. This review paper is the first of its kind with the aim of providing a 'one-stop' information source and a selection guide on impedance-source networks for power conversion for researchers, designers, and application engineers. A comprehensive review of various modeling, control, and modulation techniques for the impedance-source converters/inverters will be presented in Part II.

Siwakoti, YP, Peng, FZ, Blaabjerg, F, Loh, PC, Town, GE & Yang, S 2015, 'Impedance-Source Networks for Electric Power Conversion Part II: Review of Control and Modulation Techniques', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1887-1906.
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© 1986-2012 IEEE. Impedance-source networks cover the entire spectrum of electric power conversion applications (dc-dc, dc-ac, ac-dc, ac-ac) controlled and modulated by different modulation strategies to generate the desired dc or ac voltage and current at the output. A comprehensive review of various impedance-source-network-based power converters has been covered in a previous paper and main topologies were discussed from an application point of view. Now Part II provides a comprehensive review of the most popular control and modulation strategies for impedance-source network-based power converters/inverters. These methods are compared in terms of theoretical complexity and performance, when applied to the respective switching topologies. Further, this paper provides as a guide and quick reference for researchers and practicing engineers in deciding which control and modulation method to consider for an application in a given topology at a certain power level, switching frequency and demanded dynamic response.

Su, SW, Savkin, AV, Guo, Y, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2015, 'Decentralized Integral Controllability Analysis Based on a New Unconditional Stability Criterion', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 211-215.
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Decentralized integral control is one of the most popular control strategies used in practice. An important issue associated with this strategy is the analysis of Decentralized Integral Controllability (DIC). Campo and Morari showed that for a given process, if its steady state gain matrix is not critically D-stable, its DIC can be determined by using its steady state gain matrix. This technical note investigates decentralized integral control with a special focus on the DIC analysis of processes whose steady state gain matrices are critically D-stable. First, we introduce a new unconditional stability criterion. Then, by using the proposed criterion, it is proved that for up to four-channel processes, their DIC can be totally determined by their steady state gain matrices. We also present a multi-loop PI control design method, which provides an explicit lower bound of the proportional coefficient to achieve decentralized unconditional stability for low dimensional processes. For higher dimensional processes, this technical note presents a six-channel process whose DIC property cannot be determined only by its steady state gain matrix, contradicting the view of some other researchers.

Sui, Y, Zheng, P, Tong, C, Yu, B, Zhu, S & Zhu, J 2015, 'Investigation of a tubular dual-stator flux-switching permanent-magnet linear generator for free-piston energy converter', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 117, no. 17, pp. 17B519-17B519.
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This paper describes a tubular dual-stator flux-switching permanent-magnet (PM) linear generator for free-piston energy converter. The operating principle, topology, and design considerations of the machine are investigated. Combining the motion characteristic of free-piston Stirling engine, a tubular dual-stator PM linear generator is designed by finite element method. Some major structural parameters, such as the outer and inner radii of the mover, PM thickness, mover tooth width, tooth width of the outer and inner stators, etc., are optimized to improve the machine performances like thrust capability and power density. In comparison with conventional single-stator PM machines like moving-magnet linear machine and flux-switching linear machine, the proposed dual-stator flux-switching PM machine shows advantages in higher mass power density, higher volume power density, and lighter mover.

Sui, Y, Zheng, P, Wu, F, Wang, P, Cheng, L & Zhu, J 2015, 'A novel five-phase fault-tolerant modular in-wheel permanent-magnet synchronous machine for electric vehicles', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 117, no. 17, pp. 17B521-17B521.
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This paper describes a five-phase fault-tolerant modular in-wheel permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for electric vehicles. By adopting both the analytical and finite-element methods, the magnetic isolation abilities of some typical slot/pole combinations are analyzed, and a new fractional-slot concentrated winding topology that features hybrid single/double-layer concentrated windings and modular stator structure is developed. For the proposed hybrid single/double-layer concentrated windings, feasible slot/pole combinations are studied for three-, four-, and five-phase PMSMs. A five-phase in-wheel PMSM that adopts the proposed winding topology is designed and compared with the conventional PMSM, and the proposed machine shows advantages of large output torque, zero mutual inductances, low short-circuit current, and high magnetic isolation ability. Some of the analysis results are verified by experiments.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P, Liu, RP & Hu, J 2015, 'Detection of Denial-of-Service Attacks Based on Computer Vision Techniques', IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 2519-2533.
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© 1968-2012 IEEE. Detection of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks has attracted researchers since 1990s. A variety of detection systems has been proposed to achieve this task. Unlike the existing approaches based on machine learning and statistical analysis, the proposed system treats traffic records as images and detection of DoS attacks as a computer vision problem. A multivariate correlation analysis approach is introduced to accurately depict network traffic records and to convert the records into their respective images. The images of network traffic records are used as the observed objects of our proposed DoS attack detection system, which is developed based on a widely used dissimilarity measure, namely Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). EMD takes cross-bin matching into account and provides a more accurate evaluation on the dissimilarity between distributions than some other well-known dissimilarity measures, such as Minkowski-form distance Lp and X² statistics. These unique merits facilitate our proposed system with effective detection capabilities. To evaluate the proposed EMD-based detection system, ten-fold cross-validations are conducted using KDD Cup 99 dataset and ISCX 2012 IDS Evaluation dataset. The results presented in the system evaluation section illustrate that our detection system can detect unknown DoS attacks and achieves 99.95 percent detection accuracy on KDD Cup 99 dataset and 90.12 percent detection accuracy on ISCX 2012 IDS evaluation dataset with processing capability of approximately 59,000 traffic records per second.

Teng, QF, Bai, JY, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 2015, 'Sensorless model predictive torque control using sliding-mode model reference adaptive system observer for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems', Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yingyong/Control Theory and Applications, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 150-161.
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A novel sensorless model predictive torque control (MPTC) strategy is proposed for the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system with sliding-mode model reference adaptive system (MRAS) observer. Making use of techniques of MRAS and sliding-mode, we design a sliding-mode MRAS observer to improve the estimated speed accuracy and enhance the system robustness. In order to reduce the torque and flux ripples and improve the control performance, we employ the MPTC strategy in the approach. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. In comparison with the sensorless MPTC involving MRAS observer, the proposed MPTC with sliding-model MRAS observer provides stronger robustness and achieves satisfactory torque and speed control. Meanwhile, comparing to the sensorless direct torque control (DTC) and sensorless field-oriented control (FOC), we find the proposed sensorless MPTC reduces the average inverter switching frequency and decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the phase current, and thus improves the industrial reliability.

Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Wang, R, Tapson, J & Schaik, AV 2015, 'A neuromorphic hardware framework based on population coding', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 2015-September.
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In the biological nervous system, large neuronal populations workcollaboratively to encode sensory stimuli. These neuronal populations arecharacterised by a diverse distribution of tuning curves, ensuring that theentire range of input stimuli is encoded. Based on these principles, we havedesigned a neuromorphic system called a Trainable Analogue Block (TAB), whichencodes given input stimuli using a large population of neurons with aheterogeneous tuning curve profile. Heterogeneity of tuning curves is achievedusing random device mismatches in VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) processand by adding a systematic offset to each hidden neuron. Here, we presentmeasurement results of a single test cell fabricated in a 65nm technology toverify the TAB framework. We have mimicked a large population of neurons byre-using measurement results from the test cell by varying offset. We thusdemonstrate the learning capability of the system for various regression tasks.The TAB system may pave the way to improve the design of analogue circuits forcommercial applications, by rendering circuits insensitive to random mismatchthat arises due to the manufacturing process.

Thakur, CS, Wang, RM, Afshar, S, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, JC, Shamma, SA & van Schaik, A 2015, 'Sound stream segregation: a neuromorphic approach to solve the “cocktail party problem” in real-time', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. SEP.
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© 2015 Thakur, Wang, Afshar, Hamilton, Tapson, Shamma and van Schaik. The human auditory system has the ability to segregate complex auditory scenes into a foreground component and a background, allowing us to listen to specific speech sounds from a mixture of sounds. Selective attention plays a crucial role in this process, colloquially known as the "cocktail party effect." It has not been possible to build a machine that can emulate this human ability in real-time. Here, we have developed a framework for the implementation of a neuromorphic sound segregation algorithm in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This algorithm is based on the principles of temporal coherence and uses an attention signal to separate a target sound stream from background noise. Temporal coherence implies that auditory features belonging to the same sound source are coherently modulated and evoke highly correlated neural response patterns. The basis for this form of sound segregation is that responses from pairs of channels that are strongly positively correlated belong to the same stream, while channels that are uncorrelated or anti-correlated belong to different streams. In our framework, we have used a neuromorphic cochlea as a frontend sound analyser to extract spatial information of the sound input, which then passes through band pass filters that extract the sound envelope at various modulation rates. Further stages include feature extraction and mask generation, which is finally used to reconstruct the targeted sound. Using sample tonal and speech mixtures, we show that our FPGA architecture is able to segregate sound sources in real-time. The accuracy of segregation is indicated by the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the segregated stream (90, 77, and 55 dB for simple tone, complex tone, and speech, respectively) as compared to the SNR of the mixture waveform (0 dB). This system may be easily extended for the segregation of complex speech signals, and may thus find vario...

Tran, T & Ha, QP 2015, 'Dependable control systems with Internet of Things', ISA Transactions, vol. 59, pp. 303-313.
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Tran, TT, Bray, K, Ford, MJ, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2015, 'Quantum Emission From Hexagonal Boron Nitride Monolayers', 2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 37-41.
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Atomically thin van der Waals crystals have recently enabled new scientificand technological breakthroughs across a variety of disciplines in materialsscience, nanophotonics and physics. However, non-classical photon emission fromthese materials has not been achieved to date. Here we report room temperaturequantum emission from hexagonal boron nitride nanoflakes. The single photonemitter exhibits a combination of superb quantum optical properties at roomtemperature that include the highest brightness reported in the visible part ofthe spectrum, narrow line width, absolute photo-stability, a short excitedstate lifetime and a high quantum efficiency. Density functional theorymodeling suggests that the emitter is the antisite nitrogen vacancy defect thatis present in single and multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride. Our resultsconstitute the unprecedented potential of van der Waals crystals fornanophotonics, optoelectronics and quantum information processing.

Tran, TT, Fang, J, Zhang, H, Rath, P, Bray, K, Sandstrom, R, Shimoni, O, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2015, 'Facile Self-Assembly of Quantum Plasmonic Circuit Components', Adv. Mater., vol. 27, no. 27, pp. 4048-4053.
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Efficient coupling between solid state quantum emitters and plasmonicwaveguides is important for the realization of integrated circuits for quantuminformation, communication and sensing. However, realization of plasmoniccircuits is still scarce, particularly due to challenges associated withaccurate positioning of quantum emitters near plasmonic resonators. Currentpathways for the construction of plasmonic circuits involve cumbersome andcostly methods such as scanning atomic force microscopy or mechanicalmanipulation, where individual elements are physically relocated using thescanning tip. Here, we introduce a simple, fast and cost effective chemicalself-assembly method for the attachment of two primary components of apractical plasmonic circuit: a single photon emitter and a waveguide. Ourmethod enables coupling of nanodiamonds with a single quantum emitter (thenitrogen-vacancy (NV) center) onto the terminal of a silver nanowire, by simplyvarying the concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) in a reaction solution. The AAconcentration is used to control the extent of agglomeration, and can beoptimised so as to cause preferential, selective activation of the tips of thenanowires. The nanowire-nanodiamond structures show efficient plasmoniccoupling of fluorescence emission from single NV centers into surface plasmonpolariton (SPP) modes, evidenced by a more than two-fold reduction influorescence lifetime and an increase in fluorescence intensity.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD, Fitzgerald, AJ, Wallace, VP & Nguyen, HT 2015, 'A Dielectric Model of Human Breast Tissue in Terahertz Regime', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 699-707.
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The double Debye model has been used to understand the dielectric response of different types of biological tissues at terahertz (THz) frequencies but fails in accurately simulating human breast tissue. This leads to limited knowledge about the structure, dynamics, and macroscopic behavior of breast tissue, and hence, constrains the potential of THz imaging in breast cancer detection. The first goal of this paper is to propose a new dielectric model capable of mimicking the spectra of human breast tissue's complex permittivity in THz regime. Namely, a non-Debye relaxation model is combined with a single Debye model to produce a mixture model of human breast tissue. A sampling gradient algorithm of nonsmooth optimization is applied to locate the optimal fitting solution. Samples of healthy breast tissue and breast tumor are used in the simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Our simulation demonstrates exceptional fitting quality in all cases. The second goal is to confirm the potential of using the parameters of the proposed dielectric model to distinguish breast tumor from healthy breast tissue, especially fibrous tissue. Statistical measures are employed to analyze the discrimination capability of the model parameters while support vector machines are applied to assess the possibility of using the combinations of these parameters for higher classification accuracy. The obtained analysis confirms the classification potential of these features.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD, Wallace, VP, Fitzgerald, AJ & Nguyen, HT 2015, 'The Potential of the Double Debye Parameters to Discriminate Between Basal Cell Carcinoma and Normal Skin', IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 990-998.
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� 2015 IEEE. The potential of terahertz imaging for improving the efficiency of Mohs's micrographic surgery in terms of tumor margin detection was previously studied. Thanks to high water content of human skin, its dielectric response to terahertz radiation can be described by the double Debye model which uses five parameters to fit experimental data. Skin tumors typically have a higher water content than normal tissues do, and this should be apparent in the parameters. The goal of this paper is to apply statistical methods to these parameters to test their power to differentiate skin cancer from normal tissue. Based on the prediction accuracy estimated using a cross-validation method, we found the best classifier was the static permittivity at low frequency (εs). By combining the most relevant parameters, we obtained a classification accuracy of 95.7%, confirming the classification capability of the parameters, thereby supporting their application to improve terahertz imaging for the purpose of skin cancer delineation.

Tuan, HD, Savkin, A, Nguyen, TN & Nguyen, HT 2015, 'Decentralised model predictive control with stability constraints and its application in process control', Journal of Process Control, vol. 26, pp. 73-89.
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This paper presents a novel decentralised model predictive control for a plant consisting of interconnected systems. A constructive technique for online stabilisation that is applicable to the model predictive controllers (MPC) is developed. The plant-wise stability is achievable by the newly introduced asymptotically positive realness constraint (APRC) for MPC. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the presented APRC.

Urtasun, A & Lu, DD-C 2015, 'Control of a Single-Switch Two-Input Buck Converter for MPPT of Two PV Strings', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 7051-7060.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, the two-input buck converter is proposed as the dc/dc stage for photovoltaic (PV) cascaded converters. This converter is attractive for this application because it is cost effective and reliable and can achieve dual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with only one power transistor. However, due to the simplified and integrated structure, the nonlinear characteristics of the converter and the two PV arrays complicate the control. By means of a small-signal modeling, the control theme of the two PV voltages is formulated, and the effect of the nonlinearities is presented. It is shown that, while fast voltage dynamics are achieved for the first input, the second-input voltage response depends on the second-stage converter control. Simulation and experimental results are reported to validate the theoretical analysis, showing the dual MPPT capability.

van Halteren, A & Gay, V 2015, 'Continuous Digital Health', IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 8-9.
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Vazquez, S, Marquez, A, Aguilera, R, Quevedo, D, Leon, JI & Franquelo, LG 2015, 'Predictive Optimal Switching Sequence Direct Power Control for Grid-Connected Power Converters', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 2010-2020.
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© 1982-2012 IEEE. Grid-connected power converters play a key role in several applications such as the integration of renewable energy sources and motor drives. For this reason, the development of high performance control strategies for this particular class of power converters has increasingly attracted the interest of both academic and industry researchers. This paper presents the predictive optimal switching sequence (OSS) direct power control (DPC) (OSS-DPC) algorithm for grid-connected converters. The OSS-DPC method belongs to the predictive-DPC family and provides the desired power references by calculating globally OSSs. To address computational and implementation issues, an efficient control algorithm, named reduced OSS-DPC, is introduced. The implementation of the proposed control strategy in a standard DSP is evaluated on a two-level power converter prototype working as a STATCOM. Experimental results show the algorithm's potential to provide high performance during both transient and steady states.

Veitch, D & Tune, P 2015, 'Optimal Skampling for the Flow Size Distribution', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 3075-3099.
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© 1963-2012 IEEE. We introduce a new method of data collection for flow size estimation, the optimized flow sampling sketch, which combines the optimal properties of flow sampling with the computational advantages of a counter array sketch. Using Fisher information as a definitive basis of comparison, we show that the statistical efficiency of the method is within a constant factor of that of flow sampling, which is known to be optimal but which cannot be implemented without a flow table, which has higher memory and computational costs. In the process, we derive new results on the Fisher information theoretic and variance properties of the counter array sketch, proving that an overloaded sketch actually destroys information. We revisit the 'eviction sketch' of Ribeiro et al. using the Fisher information framework. We show that its performance is much higher than previously supposed, and we define a new method, the optimized eviction sketch, which has very high efficiency. We compare these methods against each other and a third skampling method, sketch guided sampling, theoretically, on models and on data.

Verstraete, D, Gong, A, Lu, DD-C & Palmer, JL 2015, 'Experimental investigation of the role of the battery in the AeroStack hybrid, fuel-cell-based propulsion system for small unmanned aircraft systems', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 1598-1606.
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Copyright © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Electric propulsion is attractive for small unmanned aircraft systems; and advanced hybrid powerplants combining a fuel cell and battery offer operational advantages, compared with batteries alone. However, a detailed understanding of the performance of the powerplant, the role of the battery, and the system's power management are required for proper integration. This article describes a series of tests used to characterise the battery and power-management board of Horizon Energy Systems' AeroStack hybrid, fuel-cell-based powertrain. The results demonstrate that the battery plays a crucial role in the response to dynamic load changes and that this system response is strongly influenced by the battery's capacity and current rating. The results also demonstrate that the power-management board of the AeroStack only recharges the battery to at most 70% of its capacity and charging can take up to nearly 2 h. As the recharging requires fuel consumption by the fuel cell, a compromise is needed between the boost capability of the battery and the total mission endurance. Crown

Wang, H, Liu, RP, Ni, W, Chen, W & Collings, IB 2015, 'VANET Modeling and Clustering Design Under Practical Traffic, Channel and Mobility Conditions', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 870-881.
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© 1972-2012 IEEE. In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), vehicles driving along highways can be grouped into clusters to facilitate communication. The design of the clusters, e.g., size and geographical span, has significant impacts on communication quality. Such design is affected by the Media Access Control (MAC) operations at the Data Link layer, the wireless channel conditions at the Physical layer, and the mobility of the vehicles. Previous works investigated these effects separately. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis that integrates the three important factors into one model. In particular, we model an unsaturated VANET cluster with a Markov chain by introducing an idle state. The wireless channel fading and vehicle mobility are integrated by explicitly deriving the joint distribution of inter-vehicle distances. Closed-form expressions of network performance measures, such as packet loss probability and system throughput, are derived. Our model, validated by extensive simulations, is able to accurately characterize VANET performance. Our analysis reveals intrinsic dependencies between cluster size, vehicle speed, traffic demand, and window size, as well as their impacts on the overall throughput and packet loss of the cluster. Performance evaluation results demonstrate the practical value of the proposed model in providing guidelines for VANET design and management.

Wang, RM, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, JC & van Schaik, A 2015, 'A neuromorphic implementation of multiple spike-timing synaptic plasticity rules for large-scale neural networks', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. MAY.
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© 2015 Wang, Hamilton, Tapson, van Schaik. We present a neuromorphic implementation of multiple synaptic plasticity learning rules, which include both Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) and Spike Timing Dependent Delay Plasticity (STDDP). We present a fully digital implementation as well as a mixed-signal implementation, both of which use a novel dynamic-assignment time-multiplexing approach and support up to 2²⁶ (64M) synaptic plasticity elements. Rather than implementing dedicated synapses for particular types of synaptic plasticity, we implemented a more generic synaptic plasticity adaptor array that is separate from the neurons in the neural network. Each adaptor performs synaptic plasticity according to the arrival times of the pre- and post-synaptic spikes assigned to it, and sends out a weighted or delayed pre-synaptic spike to the post-synaptic neuron in the neural network. This strategy provides great flexibility for building complex large-scale neural networks, as a neural network can be configured for multiple synaptic plasticity rules without changing its structure. We validate the proposed neuromorphic implementations with measurement results and illustrate that the circuits are capable of performing both STDP and STDDP. We argue that it is practical to scale the work presented here up to 2³⁶ (64G) synaptic adaptors on a current high-end FPGA platform.

Wang, S, Wu, Q, He, X, Yang, J & Wang, Y 2015, 'Local $N$ -Ary Pattern and Its Extension for Texture Classification', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1495-1506.
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© 1991-2012 IEEE. Texture image classification is important in computer vision research. To effectively capture texture patterns, a distinctive feature such as a local binary pattern (LBP) is needed. An LBP is robust against monotonic and gray-scale variations and it computes quickly. Its robustness and speed advantage have made it popular in various texture analysis applications. However, an LBP is sensitive to noise, particularly smooth weak illumination gradients in near-uniform regions. To mitigate the effect of noise and increase distinctiveness, a local ternary pattern (LTP) is proposed. Compared with a binary coding LBP, an LTP adopts ternary coding. As a result, an LTP can better tolerate noise and is significantly more distinctive. These advantages of an LTP effectively improve its classification accuracy. However, the potential of ternary coding is not fully explored in LTPs because a ternary pattern is split into a pair of binary patterns. In this paper, to fully explore the distinctiveness in the local pattern, the feature extraction process is formulated as an integer decomposition problem, which is a generalized version of the Bachet de Meziriac weight problem (BMWP). Following this generalization, a local n -ary pattern (LNP) is proposed, for which the LBP is a special case parametrized under n=2. The LTP is not a special case of the LNP. Both LBP and LTP are used as benchmark methods to evaluate LNPs performance due to their well-recognized success. In addition, a rotation-invariant and uniform LNP is also proposed and compared with a rotation-invariant and uniform LBP. The proposed LNP achieves significantly improved texture classification accuracy compared with the LBP and also demonstrates considerable improvement over the LTP.

Wang, S, Zhang, J, Han, TX & Miao, Z 2015, 'Sketch-Based Image Retrieval Through Hypothesis-Driven Object Boundary Selection With HLR Descriptor', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1045-1057.
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The appearance gap between sketches and photo- realistic images is a fundamental challenge in sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR) systems. The existence of noisy edges on photo- realistic images is a key factor in the enlargement of the appearance gap and significantly degrades retrieval performance . To bridge the gap, we propose a framework consisting of a new line segment -based descriptor named histogram of line relationship (HLR) and a new noise impact reduction algorithm known as object boundary selection . HLR treats sketches and extracted edges of photo- realistic images as a series of piece-wise line segments and captures the relationship between them. Based on the HLR, the object boundary selection algorithm aims to reduce the impact of noisy edges by selecting the shaping edges that best correspond to the object boundaries. Multiple hypotheses are generated for descriptors by hypothetical edge selection. The selection algorithm is formulated to find the best combination of hypotheses to maximize the retrieval score; a fast method is also proposed. To reduce the distraction of false matches in the scoring process, two constraints on spatial and coherent aspects are introduced . We tested the HLR descriptor and the proposed framework on public datasets and a new image dataset of three million images, which we recently collected for SBIR evaluation purposes. We compared the proposed HLR with state-of-the-art descriptors (SHoG, GF-HOG). The experimental results show that our HLR descriptor outperforms them. Combined with the object boundary selection algorithm, our framework significantly improves SBIR performance.

Wei, F, Guo, YJ, Qin, P-Y & Shi, XW 2015, 'Compact Balanced Dual- and Tri-band Bandpass Filters Based on Stub Loaded Resonators', IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 76-78.
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© 2001-2012 IEEE. A stub loaded resonator (SLR) is presented in this letter, which can achieve dual-band or tri-band differential-mode (DM) bandpass response with a high common-mode (CM) suppression. By changing the length of the center-loaded stub, the resonant frequency of the CM can be varied without affecting that of the DM. This helps in simplifying the design and tuning processes of the balanced filters. In order to validate its practicalbility, two balanced bandpass filters (BPFs) with two and three DM passbands and good CM suppression are designed. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed. To our best knowledge, the proposed balanced tri-band BPF is the first ever reported.

Weiguan Zhang, Haoshen Zhu & Lee, JE-Y 2015, 'Piezoresistive Transduction in a Double-Ended Tuning Fork SOI MEMS Resonator for Enhanced Linear Electrical Performance', IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1596-1602.
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Wu, L, Qiu, X, Burnett, I & Guo, Y 2015, 'Reverberation time estimation from speech signals based on blind room impulse response identification (L)', JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 731-734.
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Wu, L, Qiu, X, Burnett, IS & Guo, Y 2015, 'A recursive least square algorithm for active control of mixed noise', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 339, pp. 1-10.
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Wu, L, Qiu, X, Burnett, IS & Guo, Y 2015, 'Decoupling feedforward and feedback structures in hybrid active noise control systems for uncorrelated narrowband disturbances', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 350, pp. 1-10.
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Wu, M & Lu, DD-C 2015, 'A Novel Stabilization Method of <italic>LC</italic> Input Filter With Constant Power Loads Without Load Performance Compromise in DC Microgrids', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 4552-4562.
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© 1982-2012 IEEE. In dc microgrids, it is common that constant power loads (CPLs) exhibit negative incremental resistance. They degrade the stability margin of operation with their LC input filters and, thus, the whole system. In traditional active-damping methods, the extra stabilizing current is injected into CPLs to modify its input impedance to fulfill stability criteria. However, this injected current may cause undesirable performance of the loads, e.g., fluctuation in rotating speed of tightly regulated motors. There is always a compromise between stability margin and load performances. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a method that stabilizes the system from source-side converters, instead of from CPL themselves. In the proposed method, a virtual resistance is built in the source-side converter. This virtual resistor is effective around the resonant frequency of the LC input filter and thus can indirectly reduce its output impedance to fulfill Middlebrook's stability criterion. This paper also proves, both analytically and experimentally, that, in dc microgrids, resonant frequencies of LC filters of paralleled CPLs have to be different to maintain system stability. Simulation and experimental results are reported to verify the effectiveness of the proposed idea.

Wu, M, Lu, DD-C & Tse, CK 2015, 'Direct and Optimal Linear Active Methods for Stabilization of LC Input Filters and DC/DC Converters Under Voltage Mode Control', IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 402-412.
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Xu, L, Huang, DD & Guo, YJ 2015, 'Robust Blind Learning Algorithm for Nonlinear Equalization Using Input Decision Information', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 3009-3020.
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In this paper, we propose a new blind learning algorithm, namely, the Benveniste–Goursat input–output decision (BG-IOD), to enhance the convergence performance of neural network-based equalizers for nonlinear channel equalization. In contrast to conventional blind learning algorithms, where only the output of the equalizer is employed for updating system parameters, the BG-IOD exploits a new type of extra information, the input decision information obtained from the input of the equalizer, to mitigate the influence of the nonlinear equalizer structure on parameters learning, thereby leading to improved convergence performance. We prove that, with the input decision information, a desirable convergence capability that the output symbol error rate (SER) is always less than the input SER if the input SER is below a threshold, can be achieved. Then, the BG soft-switching technique is employed to combine the merits of both input and output decision information, where the former is used to guarantee SER convergence and the latter is to improve SER performance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional blind learning algorithms, such as stochastic quadratic distance and dual mode constant modulus algorithm, in terms of both convergence performance and SER performance, for nonlinear equalization.

Ye, S, Geng, J, Liang, X, Jay Guo, Y & Jin, R 2015, 'A Compact Dual-Band Orthogonal Circularly Polarized Antenna Array With Disparate Elements', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 1359-1364.
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© 1963-2012 IEEE. A dual-band orthogonally and circularly polarized antenna array with disparate elements is presented. By using corner-truncated stacked patches as elements, both left hand circular polarization (LHCP) in 12 GHz band and right hand circular polarization (RHCP) in 14 GHz band are realized in a shared antenna aperture. Furthermore, by employing disparate elements, the coupling between the two bands is suppressed effectively inside the feed network, hence improving isolation. The measured results of a four-element array agreed well with the simulated ones, achieving isolation better than 20 dB in the dual bands, and a maximum gain of 13.2 dBic for the LHCP and 13.9 dBic for the RHCP. The proposed array can find applications in satellite communications.

Yuan, D, Wang, S, Zhang, H, Tao, X, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2015, 'The Harmonic Suppression Characteristic Analysis of a Phase-Shifting Reactor in Rectifier System', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1-4.
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Yuan, X, Tao, Y, Zhao, JP, Liu, XS, Xiong, WN, Xie, JG, Ni, W, Xu, YJ & Liu, HG 2015, 'Long-term efficacy of a rural community-based integrated intervention for prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cluster randomized controlled trial in China's rural areas', Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1023-1031.
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This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a rural community-based integrated intervention for early prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China. This 18-year cluster-randomized controlled trial encompassing 15 villages included 1008 patients (454 men and 40 women in the intervention group [mean age, 54 ± 10 years]; 482 men and 32 women in the control group [mean age, 53 ± 10 years]) with confirmed COPD or at risk for COPD. Villages were randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group, and study participants residing within the villages received treatment accordingly. Intervention group patients took part in a program that included systematic health education, smoking cessation counseling, and education on management of COPD. Control group patients received usual care. The groups were compared after 18 years regarding the incidence of COPD, decline in lung function, and mortality of COPD. COPD incidence was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (10% vs 16%, <0.05). A decline in lung function was also significantly delayed in the intervention group compared to the control group of COPD and high-risk patients. The intervention group showed significant improvement in smoking cessation compared with the control group, and smokers in the intervention group had lower smoking indices than in the control group (350 vs 450, <0.05). The intervention group also had a significantly lower cumulative COPD-related death rate than the control group (37% vs 47%, <0.05). A rural community-based integrated intervention is effective in reducing the incidence of COPD among those at risk, delaying a decline in lung function in COPD patients and those at risk, and reducing mortality of COPD.

Yuwei Wu, Yunde Jia, Peihua Li, Jian Zhang & Junsong Yuan 2015, 'Manifold Kernel Sparse Representation of Symmetric Positive-Definite Matrices and Its Applications', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 3729-3741.
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Yuwono, M, Guo, Y, Wall, J, Li, J, West, S, Platt, G & Su, SW 2015, 'Unsupervised feature selection using swarm intelligence and consensus clustering for automatic fault detection and diagnosis in Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 34, pp. 402-425.
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© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Various sensory and control signals in a Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system are closely interrelated which give rise to severe redundancies between original signals. These redundancies may cripple the generalization capability of an automatic fault detection and diagnosis (AFDD) algorithm. This paper proposes an unsupervised feature selection approach and its application to AFDD in a HVAC system. Using Ensemble Rapid Centroid Estimation (ERCE), the important features are automatically selected from original measurements based on the relative entropy between the low- and high-frequency features. The materials used is the experimental HVAC fault data from the ASHRAE-1312-RP datasets containing a total of 49 days of various types of faults and corresponding severity. The features selected using ERCE (Median normalized mutual information (NMI) = 0.019) achieved the least redundancies compared to those selected using manual selection (Median NMI = 0.0199) Complete Linkage (Median NMI = 0.1305), Evidence Accumulation K-means (Median NMI = 0.04) and Weighted Evidence Accumulation K-means (Median NMI = 0.048). The effectiveness of the feature selection method is further investigated using two well-established time-sequence classification algorithms: (a) Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Neural Network with eXogenous inputs and distributed time delays (NARX-TDNN); and (b) Hidden Markov Models (HMM); where weighted average sensitivity and specificity of: (a) higher than 99% and 96% for NARX-TDNN; and (b) higher than 98% and 86% for HMM is observed. The proposed feature selection algorithm could potentially be applied to other model-based systems to improve the fault detection performance.

Zhan, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Li, L 2015, 'Performance comparison of input current ripple reduction methods in UPS applications with hybrid PEM fuel cell/supercapacitor power sources', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 64, pp. 96-103.
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Zhan, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Li, L 2015, 'Power and energy management of grid/PEMFC/battery/supercapacitor hybrid power sources for UPS applications', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 67, pp. 598-612.
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Zhang, G & Piccardi, M 2015, 'Structural SVM with Partial Ranking for Activity Segmentation and Classification', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 2344-2348.
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© 1994-2012 IEEE. Structural SVM is an extension of the support vector machine for the joint prediction of structured labels from multiple measurements. Following a large margin principle, the training of structural SVM ensures that the ground-Truth labeling of each sample receives a score higher than that of any other labeling. However, no specific score ranking is imposed among the other labelings. In this letter, we extend the standard constraint set of structural SVM with constraints between 'almost-correct' labelings and less desirable ones to obtain a partial-ranking structural SVM (PR-SSVM) approach. Experimental results on action segmentation and classification with two challenging datasets (the TUM Kitchen mocap dataset and the CMU-MMAC video dataset) show that the proposed method achieves better detection and false alarm rates and higher F1 scores than both the conventional structural SVM and a comparable unstructured predictor. The proposed method also achieves higher accuracy than the state of the art on these datasets in excess of 14 and 31 percentage points, respectively.

Zhang, J, Huang, X, Dyadyuk, V & Guo, Y 2015, 'Massive hybrid antenna array for millimeter-wave cellular communications', IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 79-87.
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© 2002-2012 IEEE. A massive hybrid array consists of multiple analog subarrays, with each subarray having its digital processing chain. It offers the potential advantage of balancing cost and performance for massive arrays and therefore serves as an attractive solution for future millimeter-wave (mm- Wave) cellular communications. On one hand, using beamforming analog subarrays such as phased arrays, the hybrid configuration can effectively collect or distribute signal energy in sparse mm-Wave channels. On the other hand, multiple digital chains in the configuration provide multiplexing capability and more beamforming flexibility to the system. In this article, we discuss several important issues and the state-of-the-art development for mm-Wave hybrid arrays, such as channel modeling, capacity characterization, applications of various smart antenna techniques for single-user and multiuser communications, and practical hardware design. We investigate how the hybrid array architecture and special mm-Wave channel property can be exploited to design suboptimal but practical massive antenna array schemes. We also compare two main types of hybrid arrays, interleaved and localized arrays, and recommend that the localized array is a better option in terms of overall performance and hardware feasibility.

Zhang, L, Kou, B, Xing, F, Jin, Y, Zhang, H & Zhu, J 2015, 'A magnetically levitated synchronous permanent magnet planar motor with concentric structure winding used for lithography machine', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 117, no. 17, pp. 17B525-17B525.
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A novel magnetically levitated synchronous permanent magnet planar motor (MLSPMPM) with concentric structure winding, which can be used in lithography machine, is proposed in this paper. Topology and principle of the new MLSPMPM are introduced. The scalar magnetic potential is used to solve the magnetic system, and the differential equations are solved by the separation of variables method according to the boundary conditions. Characteristics, such as flux density, electromagnetic force, and back-EMF of the MLSPMPM, are obtained analytically. All of the results are validated by the finite element method. A prototype of the MLSPMPM is manufactured. Based on the prototype motor, some experiments are carried out. The measured results are used to showcase the validity of the analytical analysis.

Zhang, N, Wang, S, Chen, X, Shi, Q, Li, J, Zhu, J, Wang, S, Yang, B, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2015, 'Study on Neural Regeneration Effect of Rat by Using Pulsed Functional Magnetic Stimulation', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1-4.
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Zhang, T, Yang, Z, Jia, W, Wu, Q, Yang, J & He, X 2015, 'Fast and robust head detection with arbitrary pose and occlusion', Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 74, no. 21, pp. 9365-9385.
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© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Head detection in images and videos plays an important role in a wide range of computer vision and surveillance applications. Aiming to detect heads with arbitrarily occluded faces and head pose, in this paper, we propose a novel Gaussian energy function based algorithm for elliptical head contour detection. Starting with the localization of head and shoulder by an improved Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) approach, the precise head contour is obtained by making use of the Omega shape formed from the head and shoulder. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed idea over the state-of-the-art in both detection accuracy and processing speed, even though there are various types of severe occlusions in faces.

Zhang, Z, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 2015, 'Tracking people under heavy occlusions by layered data association', Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 74, no. 17, pp. 7239-7259.
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© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. One of the main difficulties in video tracking of people arises in scenarios where targets are repeatedly and extensively occluded by other moving objects. These types of occlusions significantly affect the measurements of the person’s position, motion, shape and appearance, posing major challenges to correct tracking and data association. In this paper, we present a method for tracking people in videos based on a simplified part-based model only loosely associated with body parts. Data association is provided by a layered data association approach which performs association at feature, part and global levels in a hierarchical fashion. Occlusions are detected and managed at the part level, with corresponding model update strategies. In addition, the tracker does not make any assumption on the target’s motion direction, thus allowing tracking to withstand abrupt sideways movements and changes of directions that frequently occur in busy scenes. Experimental results against popular trackers such as mean shift, particle filters and the recent k-shortest paths (KSP) tracker based on a variety of performance indicators and datasets including ETISEO, AVSS 2007 and PETS 2009 show the effectiveness of the proposed tracker.

Zhao, S, Qiu, X & Burnett, I 2015, 'Acoustic contrast control in an arc-shaped area using a linear loudspeaker array (L)', JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 1036-1039.
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This paper proposes a method of creating acoustic contrast control in an arc-shaped area using a linear loudspeaker array. The boundary of the arc-shaped area is treated as the envelope of the tangent lines that can be formed by manipulating the phase profile of the loudspeakers in the array. When compared with the existing acoustic contrast control method, the proposed method is able to generate sound field inside an arc-shaped area and achieve a trade-off between acoustic uniformity and acoustic contrast. The acoustic contrast created by the proposed method increases while the acoustic uniformity decreases with frequency.

Zhao, S, Qiu, X, Cheng, E, Burnett, I, Williams, N, Burry, J & Burry, M 2015, 'Sound quality inside small meeting rooms with different room shape and fine structures', APPLIED ACOUSTICS, vol. 93, pp. 65-74.
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This note is intended to understand relative importance of room shape and fine structures on the sound quality inside small meeting rooms in terms of the reverberation time, the sound field distribution and the speech transmission index with similar room volume, surface area and the absorption coefficients. First, different shaped rooms with smooth walls are modeled and simulated to investigate the effects of room shape on the sound quality, and then hyperboloid cells are made on the walls to examine the influence of fine structural surface on sound quality with both regular and random arrangements. It is found that the reverberation time is affected significantly by the room shape while is not sensitive to the hyperboloid cells. The sound field distribution is affected little by the room shape and the hyperboloid cells and the difference is smaller than the Just-Noticeable-Difference in most cases. The impact of the room shape and fine structural surface on the speech transmission index mainly lies in the transition area between the direct sound and the reverberant sound. The reliability of the simulation remarks is confirmed by the experiments carried out in two different meeting rooms. The main conclusion of the note is that when the room volume, the surface area and the absorption coefficients are kept constant, the room shape and fine structural surface have little impact on the sound field distribution and speech intelligibility inside small rooms with ordinary surface absorption, while the reverberation time is affected significantly by room shape but slightly by the fine structural surface.

Zhou, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Fang, G & Liu, Y 2015, 'Energy Efficient Duty Cycle Design based on Quantum Immune Clonal Evolutionary Algorithm in Body Area Networks', Proceedings of the 10th EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks, vol. 16, no. 9.
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© 2015 ICST. Duty cycle design is an important topic in body area networks. As small sensors are equipped with the limited power source, the extension of network lifetime is generally achieved by reducing the network energy consumption, for instance through duty cycle schemes. However, the duty cycle design is a highly complex NP-hard problem and its computational complexity is too high with exhaustive search algorithm for practical implementation. In order to extend the network lifetime, we proposed a novel quantum immune clonal evolutionary algorithm (QICEA) for duty cycle design while maintaining full coverage in the monitoring area. The QICEA is tested, and a performance comparison is made with simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results show that compared to the SA and the GA, the proposed QICEA can extending the lifetime of body area networks and enhancing the energy efficiency effectively.

Zhou, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Fang, G & Liu, Y 2015, 'Low Energy Clustering in BAN Based on Fuzzy Simulated Evolutionary Computation', Proceedings of the 10th EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1-7.
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© 2015 ICST. A low energy clustering method of body area networks based on fuzzy simulated evolutionary computation is proposed in this paper. To reduce communication energy consumption, we also designed a fuzzy controller to dynamically adjust the crossover and mutation probability. Simulations are conducted by using the proposed method, the clustering methods based on the particle swarm optimization and the method based on the quantum evolutionary algorithm. Results show that the energy consumption of the proposed method decreased compared with the other two methods, which means that the proposed method significantly improves the energy efficiency.

Zhou, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Huang, X, Fang, G & Liu, Y 2015, 'A Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 698-709.
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© 2015 IEEE. Significant reduction of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is an implementation challenge in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. One way to reduce PAPR is to apply a set of selected partial transmission sequence (PTS) to the transmit signals. However, PTS selection is a highly complex NP-hard problem and the computational complexity is very high when a large number of subcarriers are used in the OFDM system. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic PTS selection method, the modified chaos clonal shuffled frog leaping algorithm (MCCSFLA). MCCSFLA is inspired by natural clonal selection of a frog colony, it is based on the chaos theory. We also analyze MCCSFLA using the Markov chain theory and prove that the algorithm can converge to the global optimum. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better PAPR reduction than using others genetic, quantum evolutionary and selective mapping algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm converges faster than the genetic and quantum evolutionary algorithms.

ZHOU, J, QIN, Y, KOU, L, YUWONO, M & SU, S 2015, 'Fault detection of rolling bearing based on FFT and classification', Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. JAMDSM0056-JAMDSM0056.
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Zhu, H & Abbosh, A 2015, 'Compact tunable bandpass filter with wide tuning range using ring resonator and short‐ended coupled lines', Electronics Letters, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 568-570.
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Zhu, H & Abbosh, A 2015, 'Tunable band‐pass filter with wide stopband and high selectivity using centre‐loaded coupled structure', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 9, no. 13, pp. 1371-1375.
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Zhu, H, Wang, Y & Abbosh, AM 2015, 'Broadband microwave crossover using parallel‐coupled microstrip lines and short‐ended stubs', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 79-85.
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Zhu, H, Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 2015, 'Piezoresistive Readout Mechanically Coupled Lamé Mode SOI Resonator With $Q$ of a Million', Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 771-780.
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Zhu, LF, Zhu, JG, Tong, WM & Han, XY 2015, 'Study on no-load losses of permanent magnet synchronous motor with amorphous alloy stator core', Dianji yu Kongzhi Xuebao/Electric Machines and Control, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 21-26.
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In order to research the influences of stator processing to the magnetic and loss characteristics of amorphous alloy material, both magnetic and loss performances of amorphous alloy stator core were measured. Correction method of hysteresis loss coefficient versus frequency was obtained by summering the loss measured results. Two motors with amorphous alloy and 35W270 silicon steel stators were produced with the same parameters, no-load losses of these two motors were compared in sinusoidal voltage and inverter supply conditions. The results show that, no-load loss of amorphous alloy motor is 45 percent of the silicon steel motor with sinusoidal voltage supply, but because of the time harmonics of amorphous alloy motor is much than silicon steel motor under inverter supply, additional no-load loss caused by time harmonics in amorphous alloy motor is much more than that in the silicon steel motor.

Zou, Y, Lei, G, Shao, K, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Chen, X 2015, 'Hybrid Approach of Radial Basis Function and Finite Element Method for Electromagnetic Problems', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 1-4.
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Abbas, SM, Esselle, KP, Ranga, Y, Qin, P-Y & IEEE 1970, 'Reconfigurable Antennas with Narrowband and Ultra Wideband Modes', 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE WORKSHOP SERIES ON RF AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS (IMWS-BIO), IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications (IMWS-Bio), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 56-57.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper simple printed reconfigurable antennas are presented for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. These antennas are capable of switching between an ultra-wide mode for 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB links and a narrowband mode for 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) links. In addition, the printed single layer geometry avoids the need for any vias to the ground. Moreover, this multifunctional operation with the compact configuration ultimately saves much needed space in wearable electronic devices. The narrowband mode has a 10 dB return-loss bandwidth from 1.5 GHz to 2.98 GHz, while the UWB mode yields a 121% return-loss bandwidth.

Afzal, MU & Esselle, KP 1970, 'An investigation of the near-field distribution of conventional electromagnetic bandgap resonator antennas', 2015 IEEE 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), 2015 IEEE 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), IEEE, Bali Island, INDONESIA, pp. 269-270.
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Afzal, MU & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Improving phase uniformity in the aperture: A method to enhance radiation characteristics of Fabry-Perot resonator antennas', 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 39-40.
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Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Biswas, A 1970, 'A method to enhance radiation characteristics by improving aperture phase distribution of electromagnetic bandgap resonators antennas', 2015 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), 2015 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), IEEE, Torino, ITALY, pp. 561-564.
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Aguilera, RP, Baidya, R, Acuna, P, Vazquez, S, Mouton, T & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'Model predictive control of cascaded H-bridge inverters based on a fast-optimization algorithm', IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Yokahama, Japan, pp. 4003-4008.
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© 2015 IEEE.In this work, a Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) strategy for Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverters is proposed. The key novelty of our proposal comes from the way the cost function is designed. Generally, in standard FCS-MPC formulations for power converters, the cost function only considers the current tracking error. In this proposal, the proposed cost function also takes into account the control input tracking error. This allows one to obtain a reduced common-mode voltage during the steady-state while achieving a fast dynamic response during transients, similarly to the one provided by standard FCS-MPC. To account for calculation time, a fast-optimization algorithm based on sphere decoding is also considered. To verify the performance of the proposed predictive strategy, simulation results for a three phase five-level CHB inverter governed by the proposed FCS-MPC are presented.

Aguilera, RP, Lezana, P, Konstantinou, G, Acuna, P, Wu, B, Bernet, S & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'Closed-loop SHE-PWM technique for power converters through Model Predictive Control', IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 5261-5266.
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© 2015 IEEE.In this work, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy that combines Finite-Control-Set MPC (FCS-MPC) with Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) modulation pattern in its formulation is proposed to govern power converters. The key idea here is to define a desired steady-state in terms of the converter current and voltage. To do this, based on the converter current (system state) reference, an associated predefined SHE pattern is used as control input reference. Both system state and control references are included in the cost function. Therefore, during transients, the resulting predictive controller prefers to track the converter current while preserving the SHE pattern during steady-state. Thus, a fast dynamic response can be achieved throughout transients while a predefined voltage and current spectrum with low commutation frequency is obtained in steady-state by adjusting only the weighting factor of the cost function. Simulation results of the proposed SHE-MPC strategy when governing a Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter are presented to highlight the benefits of the proposed predictive controller.

Aguilera, RP, Yu, Y, Acuna, P, Konstantinou, G, Townsend, CD, Wu, B & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'Predictive Control algorithm to achieve power balance of Cascaded H-Bridge converters', 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE), 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE), IEEE, Valparaiso, Chile, pp. 49-54.
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© 2015 IEEE.This work proposes a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converters under unbalanced power generation among each converter phase. Therefore, the control target is to extract unbalanced power from the dc-sources while providing balanced power to the grid. The key novelty of this proposal lies in the way the unbalanced power generation issue is explicitly considered into the optimal control problem. The power balance is achieved by enforcing the CHB to work with a suitable zero voltage components. Thus, to account for the common-mode voltage, the proposed MPC is directly formulated in the original abc-framework. To verify the effectiveness of this proposal, simulation results of the proposed MPC governing a five-level CHB converter are provided.

Ali, A & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Novel Platform for Resonant Sensing in Liquid with Fully-Electrical Interface Based on an In-Plane-Mode Piezoelectric-on-Silicon Resonator', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 1217-1220.
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Al-Manasia, M & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'An Overview of Chip Multi-Processors Simulators Technology', Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, International Conference on Systems Engineering, Springer International Publishing, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 877-884.
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Computer System Architecture (CSA) simulators are generally used to develop and validate new CSA designs and developments. The goal of this paper is to provide an insight into the importance of CSA simulation and the possible criteria that differentiate between various CSA simulators. Multi-dimensional aspects determine the taxonomy of CSA simulators including their accuracy, performance, functionality and flexibility. The Sniper simulator has been selected for a closer look and testing. The Sniper proofs its ability to scale to hundred cores with a wide range of functionality and performance. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Alqudah, H, Xiwei Cui, Lin Ye, Kai Cao, Szymanski, J, Ying Guo & Steven Su 1970, 'Modeling of tri-axial accelerometers in a self-designed wearable inertial measurement unit', 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), IEEE, Auckland, pp. 605-610.
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This paper introduces a self-designed wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU-BMSJv2) and the calibration of its tri-axial accelerometers. We compare two popular accelerometer calibration approaches, the classical method (attitude dependent) and auto calibration method (attitude independent). Both these two calibration methods have been applied for the calibration of the self-designed IMU-BMSJv2; verification experiments have been carried out for the calibration of the tri-axial accelerometers. Experimental results show that although the auto-calibration method has the advantage of attitude independency, the classical calibration method can achieve better parameter estimation. We thus claim that the attitude dependent calibration method is still the first option considered when certain experimental conditions are satisfied.

Ambusaidi, MA, He, X & Nanda, P 1970, 'Unsupervised feature selection method for intrusion detection system', Proceedings - 14th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2015, IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 295-301.
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This paper considers the feature selection problem for data classification in the absence of data labels. It first proposes an unsupervised feature selection algorithm, which is an enhancement over the Laplacian score method, named an Extended Laplacian score, EL in short. Specifically, two main phases are involved in EL to complete the selection procedures. In the first phase, the Laplacian score algorithm is applied to select the features that have the best locality preserving power. In the second phase, EL proposes a Redundancy Penalization (RP) technique based on mutual information to eliminate the redundancy among the selected features. This technique is an enhancement over Battiti's MIFS. It does not require a user-defined parameter such as beta to complete the selection processes of the candidate feature set as it is required in MIFS. After tackling the feature selection problem, the final selected subset is then used to build an Intrusion Detection System. The effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed detection system are evaluated using three well-known intrusion detection datasets: KDD Cup 99, NSL-KDD and Kyoto 2006+ dataset. The evaluation results confirm that our feature selection approach performs better than the Laplacian score method in terms of classification accuracy.

An, L & Dah-Chuan Lu, D 1970, 'Power loss analysis of a single-switch non-isolated DC/DC converter', 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 592-597.
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© 2015 IEEE. A power loss model of a single-switch non-isolated dc/dc converter is developed in this paper. The converter is formed by combining a buck converter with a buck-boost converter. It can be used in a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV)-battery powered pump system. With only a single transistor, the converter is able to efficiently perform three tasks simultaneously, namely, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery charging and driving the pump at constant flow rate. The conduction and switching losses of each individual components of the converter and the inductor core loss are calculated and analyzed when the two inductors operate in different modes. The analysis shows that the output stage inductor and power diode are the major contributors to the total power loss. A 14W laboratory prototype converter is built and the experimental results are compared with the model analysis.

Ang, F, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Incorporation of time-varying LP cepstral features in HMM-based isolated word speech recognition', 2015 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS), 2015 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS), IEEE.
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Ang, F, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Time-varying LP cepstral features for improved isolated word speech recognition', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP), IEEE.
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Argha, A, Li, L, Su, SW & Hung Nguyen 1970, 'Discrete-time sliding mode control for networked systems with random communication delays', 2015 American Control Conference (ACC), 2015 American Control Conference (ACC), IEEE, Chicago, IL, USA, pp. 6016-6021.
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© 2015 American Automatic Control Council. This paper aims to design a robust discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) for the uncertain discrete-time networked systems involving time-varying Communication delays. To this end, the so-called Bernoulli random binary distribution is utilized to model the random time-varying delays. Then, by exploiting a specific sliding surface, a discrete-time sliding mode controller is designed such that the derived closed-loop system state and sliding function remain bounded in the presence of uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. Since the system state and sliding function are involved time-varying delays, the notion of exponentially mean square stability will be used to guarantee the stability/boundedness of the derived closed-loop system. The proposed robust DSMC can also overcome the conservatism of the existing methods in the literature. An illustrative example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Argha, A, Li, L, Su, SW & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Robust output-feedback discrete-time sliding mode control utilizing disturbance observer', 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 5671-5676.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper is devoted to the problem of designing a robust dynamic output-feedback discrete-time sliding mode controller (ODSMC) for uncertain discrete-time systems. The basic idea behind this scheme comes from the fact that output feedback discrete-time sliding mode control (ODSMC), unlike its continuous-time counterpart, does not require to exploit a discontinuous term including the sliding function. Therefore, it is not a vital requirement that the sliding function is expressed in terms of the system outputs only. Furthermore, our observer-based discrete-time sliding mode controller (DSMC) leads to a considerably larger region of applicability. Besides, with the assumption of dealing with slow exogenous disturbances, a methodology is developed which aims to reduce the thickness of the boundary layer around the sliding surface. Moreover, the boundedness of the obtained closed-loop system is analyzed and the bound on the underlying system state is derived.

Argha, A, Su, SW, Hung Nguyen & Celler, BG 1970, 'Designing adaptive integral sliding mode control for heart rate regulation during cycle-ergometer exercise using bio-feedback', 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Milan, Italy, pp. 6688-6691.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper considers our developed control system which aims to regulate the exercising subjects' heart rate (HR) to a predefined profile. The controller would be an adaptive integral sliding mode controller. Here it is assumed that the controller commands are interpreted as biofeedback auditory commands. These commands can be heard and implemented by the exercising subject as a part of the control-loop. However, transmitting a feedback signal while the pedals are not in the appropriate position to efficiently exert force may lead to a cognitive disengagement of the user from the feedback controller. To address this problem this paper will employ a different form of control system regarding as 'actuator-based event-driven control system'. This paper will claim that the developed event-driven controller makes it possible to effectively regulate HR to a predetermined HR profile.

Argha, A, Su, SW, Nguyen, H & Celler, BG 1970, 'Heart rate regulation during cycle-ergometer exercise via bio-feedback', 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Milan Italy, pp. 4639-4642.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper explains our developed control system which regulates the heart rate (HR) to track a desired trajectory. The controller is indeed a non-conventional non-model-based proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller. The controller commands are interpreted as biofeedback auditory commands. These commands can be heard and implemented by the exercising subject as a part of the control-loop. However, transmitting a feedback signal while the pedals are not in the appropriate position to efficiently exert force may lead to a cognitive disengagement of the user from the feedback controller. This note explains a novel form of control system regarding as 'actuator-based event-driven control system', designed specifically for the purpose of this project. We conclude that the developed event-driven controller makes it possible to precisely regulate HR to a predetermined HR profile.

Asari, AR, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Ismail, FS 1970, 'A review on 3-D magnetic property testing system for measuring rotational core loss of soft magnetic materials', 2015 10th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), 2015 10th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), IEEE, Sutera Harbour Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, pp. 294-299.
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© 2015 IEEE. In today's world, the development of electromagnetic devices require the magnetic cores to be operated at higher frequency. Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are suitable for these applications because of their properties like high electrical resistivity which leads to the low eddy current loss, and 3-D magnetic isotropy which provides great design flexibility of various electromagnetic devices. On top of that, the prediction of core losses is very important in obtaining the optimum design of the electrical machines which is always aiming for high efficiency. This paper reviews the development of 3-D magnetic property testing system or 3-D tester in studying the rotational core loss of SMC materials based on the previous researches in the last decade.

Aslanzadeh, S & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Load balancing optimization in cloud computing: Applying Endocrine-particale swarm optimization', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT), IEEE, Dekalb, IL, USA, pp. 165-169.
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© 2015 IEEE. Load balancing optimization is categorized as NP-hard problem, playing an important role in enhancing the cloud utilization. Different methods have been proposed for achieving the system load balancing in cloud environment. VM migration is one of these techniques, proposed to improve the VMs' functionality. Despite of the advantageous of VM migration, there are still some drawbacks which urged researchers to improve VM migration methods. In this paper we propose a new load balancing technique, using Endocrine algorithm which is inspired from regulation behavior of human's hormone system. Our proposed algorithm achieves system load balancing by applying self-organizing method between overloaded VMs. This technique is structured based on communications between VMs. It helps the overloaded VMs to transfer their extra tasks to another under-loaded VM by applying the enhanced feed backing approach using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). To evaluate our proposed algorithm, we expanded the cloud simulation tool (Cloudsim) which is developed by University of Melbourne. The simulation result proves that our proposed load balancing approach significantly decreases the timespan compared to traditional load balancing techniques. Moreover it increases the Quality Of Service (QOS) as it minimizes the VMs' downtime.

Awwad, S, Hussein, F, Piccardi, M & ACM 1970, 'Local Depth Patterns for Tracking in Depth Videos', MM'15: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 ACM MULTIMEDIA CONFERENCE, ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, Australia, Brisbane, pp. 1115-1118.
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Conventional video tracking operates over RGB or grey-level data which contain significant clues for the identification of the targets. While this is often desirable in a video surveillance context, use of video tracking in privacy-sensitive environments such as hospitals and care facilities is often perceived as intrusive. Therefore, in this work we present a tracker that provides effective target tracking based solely on depth data. The proposed tracker is an extension of the popular Struck algorithm which leverages a structural SVM framework for tracking. The main contributions of this work are novel depth features based on local depth patterns and a heuristic for effectively handling occlusions. Experimental results over the challenging Princeton Tracking Benchmark (PTB) dataset report a remarkable accuracy compared to the original Stuck tracker and other state-of-the-art trackers using depth and RGB data.

Azim, MI, Hossain, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Droop Control for islanded microgrids with compensating approach', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA.
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Azim, MI, Hossain, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Effective power sharing approach for islanded microgrids', 2015 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA), 2015 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA), IEEE, Bangkok, THAILAND.
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Azim, MI, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Design of a general droop controller for islanded microgrids', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper proposes an automatic load distributing algorithm called a general droop control for an inverter-interfaced islanded microgrid under different loading conditions and transmission line parameters. In this control scheme, both resistive and inductive nature of the transmission lines are considered. A linear model-based power sharing approach with the general droop controller is also described in this paper. The performance of the proposed controller is tested by simulating a simple two-source and one load-based microgrid test system and the simulation results show that the proposed method is useful to manage the load variation of an islanded microgrid accurately and efficiently.

Azim, MI, Hossain, MJ, Rafi, FHM & Pota, HR 1970, 'An improved droop control scheme for islanded microgrids', 2015 Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2015, 5th Australian Control Conference (AUCC), IEEE, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. 225-229.
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This paper proposes an improved droop control algorithm to ensure the proportional load distribution among multiple parallel inverter-sourced generators in a microgrid, operating in an islanded mode. The improvement is done by including derivative term in the conventional droop control scheme so that the oscillatory modes of the controller can be damped and better dynamic performance is achieved. The proposed controller is a two steps decentralized tunable controller; in which control gains are scheduled via small-signal stability analysis of the microgrid study system, consisting of three inverter-interfaced distributed-generation (DG) units and one static load. The performance of the proposed control method is verified by implementing it under diverse operating conditions and desired damped responses are obtained in all cases that can be seen from simulations.

Belotti, Y, Conneely, M, Palmer, S, Huang, T, Campbell, P, McKenna, S, Nabi, G & McGloin, D 1970, 'Hydrodynamic stretching for prostate cancer detection', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Microtechnologies, SPIE, Barcelona, SPAIN.
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Bengua, JA, Phien, HN & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Optimal Feature Extraction and Classification of Tensors via Matrix Product State Decomposition', 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIG DATA - BIGDATA CONGRESS 2015, IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress), IEEE, New York, USA, pp. 669-672.
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© 2015 IEEE. Big data consists of large multidimensional datasets that would often be difficult to analyze if working with the original tensor. There is a rising interest in the use of tensor decompositions for feature extraction due to the ability to extract necessary features from a large dimensional feature space. In this paper the matrix product state (MPS) decomposition is used for feature extraction of large tensors. The novelty of the paper is the introduction of a single core tensor obtained from the MPS that not only contains a significantly reduced feature space, but can perform classification with high accuracy without the need of feature selection methods.

Bennett, C, Moghimi, M, Hossain, MJ, Lu, J & Stewart, RA 1970, 'Applicability of load forecasting techniques for customer energy storage control systems', 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), IEEE, Brisbane Convention Exhibition Ctr, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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Bluff, A & Johnston, A 1970, 'Remote Control of Complex Interactive Art Installations', Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition, C&C '15: Creativity and Cognition, ACM, Glasgow, UK, pp. 197-200.
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Movement based interactive artworks are capable of instantly engaging audiences by reacting to physical motion consistently with real-world physics. Sustaining this engagement, however, requires a constant alteration of both the output and interaction aesthetics. Mobile devices (such as the iPad or iPhone) can be used to control the often-overwhelming plethora of parameters found in many interactive systems. The effect that mobile control of these parameters has on the inception, refinement and live performance of two separate art works is examined. An open-source dynamic remote control system is being developed to further facilitate the creative development and performance of interactive artwork as demonstrated by these case studies.

Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'That flipping classroom - getting engineering students to be consciously competent on their own', 2015 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2015 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Lisbon, pp. 1-4.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper is inspired by the Keynote Speech which I gave at ITHET 2014 in York in September 2014. The material was very well received, and it seemed appropriate to offer it for publication in the proceedings of ITHET 2015.

Cajote, RD, Ruangsang, W, Aramvith, S, Prapinmongkolkarn, P, Miyanaga, Y & Onoye, T 1970, 'Framework of surveillance video analysis and transmission system using background modeling and MIMO-OFDM', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP), IEEE.
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Cajote, RD, Ruangsang, W, Aramvith, S, Prapinmongkolkarn, P, Miyanaga, Y & Onoye, T 1970, 'Wireless video transmission over MIMO-OFDM using background modeling for video surveillance applications', 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Candra, H, Yuwono, M, Chai, R, Handojoseno, A, Elamvazuthi, I, Nguyen, HT, Su, S & IEEE 1970, 'Investigation of Window Size in Classification of EEG-Emotion Signal with Wavelet Entropy and Support Vector Machine', 2015 37TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2015, Milano, Italy, pp. 7250-7253.
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When dealing with patients with psychological or emotional symptoms, medical practitioners are often faced with the problem of objectively recognizing their patients’ emotional state. In this paper, we approach this problem using a computer program that automatically extracts emotions from EEG signals. We extend the finding of Koelstra et. al [IEEE trans. affective comput., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 18–31, 2012] using the same dataset (i.e. the DEAP: dataset for emotion analysis using electroencephalogram, physiological and video signals), where we observed that the accuracy can be further improved using wavelet features extracted from shorter time segments. More precisely, we achieved accuracy of 65% for both valence and arousal using the wavelet entropy of 3 to 12 seconds signal segments. This improvement in accuracy entails an important discovery that information on emotions contained in the EEG signal may be better described in term of wavelets and in shorter time segments.

Candra, H, Yuwono, M, Handojoseno, A, Chai, R, Su, S, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Recognizing emotions from EEG subbands using wavelet analysis', 2015 37TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Milano, Italy, pp. 6030-6033.
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© 2015 IEEE. Objectively recognizing emotions is a particularly important task to ensure that patients with emotional symptoms are given the appropriate treatments. The aim of this study was to develop an emotion recognition system using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to identify four emotions including happy, sad, angry, and relaxed. We approached this objective by firstly investigating the relevant EEG frequency band followed by deciding the appropriate feature extraction method. Two features were considered namely: 1. Wavelet Energy, and 2. Wavelet Entropy. EEG Channels reduction was then implemented to reduce the complexity of the features. The ground truth emotional states of each subject were inferred using Russel's circumplex model of emotion, that is, by mapping the subjectively reported degrees of valence (pleasure) and arousal to the appropriate emotions - for example, an emotion with high valence and high arousal is equivalent to a 'happy' emotional state, while low valence and low arousal is equivalent to a 'sad' emotional state. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was then used for mapping each feature vector into corresponding discrete emotions. The results presented in this study indicated thatWavelet features extracted from alpha, beta and gamma bands seem to provide the necessary information for describing the aforementioned emotions. Using the DEAP (Dataset for Emotion Analysis using electroencephalogram, Physiological and Video Signals), our proposed method achieved an average sensitivity and specificity of 77.4% ± 14.1% and 69.1% ± 12.8%, respectively.

Cao, K, Guo, Y & Su, SW 1970, 'A review of motion related EEG artifact removal techniques', 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), IEEE, Auckland, pp. 600-604.
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The traditional EEG (electroencephalograph) system requires the subject to stay still when acquiring bio-signals. There have been mobile EEG units, for instance ambulatory electroencephalography (AEEG), a portable device designed for recording ictal events or interictal epileptiform discharge. However, these were never intended for motion related EEG recordings. Such techniques constrain motion related brain potential tests. A number of papers have considered this issue and as a result a new research area was established. This paper is a review on the different aspects of this problem, such as algorithms and hardware design, for the reduction of motion related EEG artifacts. Finally, this paper recommends several proper strategies on EEG artifact reduction.

Chaczko, Z, Alenazy, W & Tran, A 1970, 'Augmented Reality and the Adapted of Smart Grid Monitoring for Educational Enhancement', Computational Intelligence and Efficiency in Engineering Systems, Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering (APCASE), Springer International Publishing, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 347-364.
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Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S & Lulwah, A 1970, 'Autonomous Model of Software Architecture for Smart Grids', Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, International Conference on Systems Engineering, Springer International Publishing, Las Vegas, pp. 843-847.
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Smart grids are being deployed at global level to ensure energy efficiency. As a result, scalable smart software platforms are required which can be used to incorporate and integrate information coming from various consumers using smart meters. Smart grids are supported by smart software architectures which are supported by cloud platforms. Cloud and Internet-of-Things (IoT) platforms provide scalable resources which can be used to design software infrastructures which allow always-on applications. The report paper explores smart grid and energy efficiency, how cloud and IoT platforms are used to enhance smart software architecture for smart grids, and privacy and security issues that result from the use of clouds. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S & Soltani, M 1970, 'Middleware Solution for Cross-Site Data Transfer', Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing - Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Conference on Systems Engineering, International Conference on Systems Engineering, Springer International Publishing, Texas, USA, pp. 837-841.
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Nowadays more and more companies are ready to move to cloud and take advantage of cloud computing. CIOs have a variety of sourcing options to choose from: traditional, private clouds and public clouds. Since an increasing number of companies are moving to cloud, integration plays a critical role in future of Enterprise systems. Reliable Messaging becomes very important when it comes to integration between services across different sites which provides unreliable environment. To gain the benefits of a hybrid environment, enterprises need to consider an IT delivery model that is both flexible across different sourcing options and that can be managed as an integrated technology environment. This paper discusses advantages and pitfalls of using cloud infrastructure as service. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Chaczko, Z, Cheuk Yan Chan, Carrion, L & Alenazy, WMG 1970, 'Haptic Middleware Based Software Architecture for Smart Learning', 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering, 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer-Aided System Engineering (APCASE), IEEE, Quito, Equador, pp. 257-263.
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The software architecture of smart learning environment can be perceived as an environment that is equipped with various audio-visual objects to capture human motion, utterance and gesture, allowing the teacher to deliver lectures to both local and remote audience through the Internet. The interactive objects in such architectural environment are interfaced with simple navigation, depending on operation characteristics, voice, tactile and visual interaction with the aim to improve Human-Machine Interaction. This facilitates effective data acquisition and statistical analysis, in order to assist in decision making by the participants, as well as, apply them in the process of self-assessment. This paper discusses the design and implementation of integrating hap tic technologies into the architecture of smart learning environment by designing components of service oriented software middleware that defines a common gesture framework, and thus allowing multiple hap tic and gesture peripherals to share a within common protocol, as well as, enabling individual device to work as stand-alone entity.

Chai, R, Naik, GR, Tran, Y, Ling, SH, Craig, A, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Classification of Driver Fatigue in an Electroencephalography-based Countermeasure System with Source Separation Module', 2015 37TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Milano, Italy, pp. 514-517.
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An electroencephalography (EEG)-based counter measure device could be used for fatigue detection during driving. This paper explores the classification of fatigue and alert states using power spectral density (PSD) as a feature extractor and fuzzy swarm based-artificial neural network (ANN) as a classifier. An independent component analysis of entropy rate bound minimization (ICA-ERBM) is investigated as a novel source separation technique for fatigue classification using EEG analysis. A comparison of the classification accuracy of source separator versus no source separator is presented. Classification performance based on 43 participants without the inclusion of the source separator resulted in an overall sensitivity of 71.67%, a specificity of 75.63% and an accuracy of 73.65%. However, these results were improved after the inclusion of a source separator module, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 78.16%, a specificity of 79.60% and an accuracy of 78.88% (p < 0.05).

Chai, R, Smith, MR, Nguyen, TN, Ling, SH, Coutts, AJ, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Comparing Features Extractors in EEG-based Cognitive Fatigue Detection of Demanding Computer Tasks', 2015 37TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Milano, Italy, pp. 7594-7597.
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An electroencephalography (EEG)-based classification system could be used as a tool for detecting cognitive fatigue from demanding computer tasks. The most widely used feature extractor in EEG-based fatigue classification is power spectral density (PSD). This paper investigates PSD and three alternative feature extraction methods, in order to find the best feature extractor for the classification of cognitive fatigue during cognitively demanding tasks. These compared methods are power spectral entropy (PSE), wavelet, and autoregressive (AR). Bayesian neural network was selected as the classifier in this study. The results showed that the use of PSD and PSE methods provide an average accuracy of 60% for each computer task. This finding is slightly improved using the wavelet method which has an average accuracy of 61%. The AR method is the best feature extractor compared with the PSD, PSE and wavelet in this study with accuracy of 75.95% in AX continuous performance test (AX-CPT), 75.23% in psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and 76.02% in Stroop task (p-value < 0.05).

Chemalamarri, VD, Nanda, P & Navarro, KF 1970, 'SYMPHONY-A Controller Architecture for Hybrid Software Defined Networks', 2015 FOURTH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKS - EWSDN 2015, European Workshop on Software Defined Networks, IEEE, Bilbao, Spain, pp. 55-60.
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© 2015 IEEE. As enterprises migrate to SDN, a brown field network transitional state is inevitable, where both Software Defined and Legacy networks coexist. The aim of this work is to further the knowledge in the area of Hybrid Software Defined Network (SDN) networks, by investigating requirements and challenges involved in building such networks. This work proposes a Hybrid SDN controller architecture to establish, control and inter-domain communication between the legacy and SDN domains.

Chen, Z, Li, J-L, Lin, S, Pan, D, Ni, W, Cao, C, Gu, Y, Hurtado, MD, Zolotukhin, S, Sun, T, Kaye, F & Wu, L 1970, 'Abstract 2284: Generation and characterization of a mouse model of CRTC1-MAML2-induced mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC)', Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), pp. 2284-2284.
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Abstract Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy and can arise in multiple other organ sites. Currently, patients with advanced, unresectable MEC have limited therapeutic options and poor treatment outcomes. Clinical improvement has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying MEC development as well as suitable preclinical models. The majority of MEC tumors contain a t(11;19)(q21;p13) chromosomal translocation that results in the generation of a new fusion gene product, CRTC1-MAML2. We previously showed that the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion had a strong transcriptional co-activator activity and was capable of transforming epithelial cells in vitro, in part through co-activating the transcription factor CREB. Depletion of CRTC1-MAML2 fusion expression reduced the growth and survival of human malignant MEC cells when assayed in vitro or when propagated as xenograft tumors in vivo. These findings indicate that CRTC1-MAML2 is essential in maintaining MEC malignant phenotype and serves as a promising therapeutic target. However, whether CRTC1-MAML2 fusion has a causal role in MEC induction had not been demonstrated in vivo. In this study, we determined the oncogenic potential of the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion in vivo by establishing a Cre-regulated CRTC1-MAML2 transgenic mouse model. Through genetic crossing with MMTV-Cre mice or direct AAV-Cre transduction to induce expression of CRTC1-MAML2 transgene in salivary glandular cells, the transgenic mice developed salivary gland tumors with typical human MEC histological characteristics. Moreover, isolated tumor cells were capable of forming subcutaneous tumors in immune-compromised hosts that again recapitulate the MEC histological feature. Transcriptome analysis revealed that mouse tumors showed differential expression of genes associated with cell growth, survival, and metastasis as well as ...

Cheng, H, Zhang, J, An, P & Liu, Z 1970, 'A Novel Saliency Model for Stereoscopic Images', 2015 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), 2015 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Adelaide, pp. 1-7.
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In this paper, we propose a novel saliency model for stereoscopic images. To improve depth information for stereo saliency analysis, this model exploits depth information from three aspects: 1) we extract the low-level features based on the color-depth contrast features in a local and global search range (local-global contrast); 2) to extract the topological structural from a depth map, a surrounding map based on a Boolean map is obtained as a weight value to enhance the local-global contrast features; and 3) based on the saliency probability distribution in depth information, we employ stereo center prior enhancement to compute the final saliency. Experimental results on two recent eye-tracking databases show that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art saliency models

Cheng, T, Lu, DDC, Gong, A & Verstraete, D 1970, 'Analysis of a three-port DC-DC converter for PV-battery system using DISO boost and SISO buck converters', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Australia.
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© 2015 IEEE. Combining a storage device and renewable generation is one of the viable solutions to deal with the intermittency of renewable energy sources. Conventional methods of combining these components involve multistage and single-stage converters. However, there is a trade-off between efficiency and component count. A novel non-isolated three-port DC-DC converter which combines a dual-input single output (DISO) boost and a single-input single output (SISO) buck converters for a photovoltaic (PV)-battery-load system is proposed in this paper. There are five different operation modes to achieve different scenarios for maximum power point tracking, battery charging and load regulation requirements. Experiment results are given to confirm this proposed converter.

Cook, AJ, Gargiulo, GD, Cook, R, Ng, B, Hindmarsh, D, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A novel method for non-invasive respiration monitoring', 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, pp. 4524-4527.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper we present an atypical method for measuring respiration volume. We infer heart rate variability (HRV) from an electrocardiogram (ECG) and present results from a pilot study of 6 participants to validate measuring respiration volume from HRV in comparison to the Cosmed K4b2. We show a qualitative correlation and trend between the known respiration volume as measured by the Cosmed K4b2 and the new method for measuring lung volume. From these results, we propose guidelines for an in-depth study of measuring respiration volumes from heart rate variability.

Cunha, Í, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 1970, 'RemapRoute: Reduzindo o custo do remapeamento de mudanças de roteamento na Internet', University of Melbourne.

Dang, TD, Hoang, D & Nanda, P 1970, 'Data Mobility Management Model for Active Data Cubes', 2015 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA, 2015 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA, IEEE, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 750-757.
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© 2015 IEEE. Cloud computing dramatically reduces the expense and complexity of managing IT systems. Business customers do not need to invest in their own costly IT infrastructure, but can delegate and deploy their services effectively to cloud vendors and service providers. A number of security and protection mechanisms have been proposed to prevent the disclosure of sensitive information or tempering with the data by employing various policy, encryption, and monitoring approaches. However, few efforts have been focused on data mobility issues in terms of protection of data when it is moved within a cloud or to and from a new cloud environment. To allay users' concern of data control, data ownership, security and privacy, we propose a novel data mobility management model which ensures continuity protecting data at new cloud hosts at new data locations. The model provides a mobility service to handle data moving operation that relies on a new location database service. The new model allows the establishment of a proxy supervisor in the new environment and the ability of the active data to record its own location. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the feasibility, proactivity, and efficiency by the full mobility management model.

Di, X & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Reducing anchor loss in piezoelectric-on-silicon laterally vibrating resonators by combination of etched-slots and convex edges', 2015 Transducers - 2015 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS), TRANSDUCERS 2015 - 2015 18th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, IEEE.
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Ding, C, Guo, YJ, Qin, P-Y, Dutkiewicz, E & Yang, Y 1970, 'A phased array antenna employing reconfigurable defected microstrip structure (RDMS)', 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 2469-2470.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, a compact phase-shifting unit based on reconfigurable defected microstrip structure (RDMS) is used to provide controllable phase shift for a 1×4 phased array antenna. The RDMS is made by etching two slots on the microstrip line and loading with PIN diodes. By controlling the working states of the employed PIN diodes, the RDMS is able to provide phase shift. A 1×4 phased array antenna is built employing optimized RDMS. The tested results show that the antenna can work in the frequency band from 5.1-5.4 GHz, and switch its beam to -15°, 0°, and 15° in the H-plane with the average gain of 10 dBi. Compared to our previous work, significantly size reduction of 55% is achieved with similar performance.

Ding, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Fang, G 1970, 'Energy efficient cooperative transmission in single-relay UWB based body area networks', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing for Communications (ICC), IEEE, London, UK, pp. 1559-1564.
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© 2015 IEEE. Energy efficiency is one of the most critical parameters in ultra-wideband (UWB) based wireless body area networks (WBANs). In this paper, the energy efficiency optimization problem is investigated for cooperative transmission with a single relay in UWB based WBANs. Two practical onbody transmission scenarios are taken into account, namely, along-torso scenario and around-torso scenario. With a proposed single-relay WBAN model, a joint optimal scheme for the energy efficiency optimization is developed, which not only derives the optimal power allocation but also seeks the corresponding optimal relay location for each scenario. Simulation results show that the utilization of a relay node is necessary for the energy efficient transmission in particular for the around-torso scenario and the relay location is an important parameter. With the joint optimal relay location and power allocation, the proposed scheme is able to achieve up to 30 times improvement compared to direct transmission in terms of the energy efficiency when the battery of the sensor node is very limited, which indicates that it is an effective way to prolong the network lifetime in WBANs.

Ding, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Fang, G 1970, 'Energy-Efficient Distributed Beamforming in UWB Based Implant Body Area Networks', 2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), IEEE, Glasgow, UK, pp. 1-5.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, we investigate a distributed beamforming problem to optimize energy efficiency (EE) in ultra-wideband (UWB) based implant body area networks (IBANs). To evaluate the impact of relay location on the EE, a relay location based cooperative network model is proposed, where multiple on-body relays are employed to assist an implant node to communicate with a BAN coordinator. With the proposed model, the EE optimization problem is mathematically formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) combined with scatter search are applied to find the corresponding optimal solution. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed beamforming scheme outperforms other transmission schemes. A remarkable improvement can be achieved not only in EE but also in spectral efficiency (SE) compared to direct transmission. Moreover, numerical examples show that the relay location has a significant impact on the EE performance.

Duan, NN, Xu, WJ, Wang, SH, Li, HL, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Extended finite element method for electromagnetic fields', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 364-365.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper presents the fundamental principle of the extended finite element method (XFEM) for electromagnetic field analysis. This method provides an accurate approximation for locally non-smooth features within finite elements, such as singularities, discontinuities, and high derivatives. An alternative enrichment function is introduced to improve the approximation space of the conventional finite element method (CFEM) such that non-smooth solutions are modeled independent of the mesh. The level set method is employed to describe the interfaces among different materials. To demonstrate the advantages, the XFEM is compared with CFEM by solving a 1D electrical field problem.

Elamvazuthi, I, Duy, NHX, Ali, Z, Su, SW, Khan, MKAA & Parasuraman, S 1970, 'Electromyography (EMG) based Classification of Neuromuscular Disorders using Multi-Layer Perceptron', Procedia Computer Science, IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors, Elsevier BV, Langkawi, MALAYSIA, pp. 223-228.
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Electromyography (EMG) signals are the measure of activity in the muscles. The aim of this study is to identify the neuromuscular disease based on EMG signals by means of classification. The neuromuscular diseases that have been identified are myopathy and neuropathy. The classification was carried out using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). There are five feature extraction techniques that were used to extract the signals such as Autoregressive (AR), Root Mean Square (RMS), Zero Crossing (ZC), Waveform length (WL) and Mean Absolute Value (MAV). A comparative analysis of these different techniques were carried out based on the results. The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was used for carrying out the classification.

Farrok, O, Islam, MR, Sheikh, MRI, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Xu, W 1970, 'Analysis and design of a novel linear generator for harvesting oceanic wave energy', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 272-273.
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© 2015 IEEE.In almost every permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG), demagnetization would greatly degrade the electricity generation capability over time. This paper proposes a novel PMLG which consists of a permanent magnet excitation generator (PMEG) to supply electrical excitation to the field winding of an electromagnetic linear generator (EMLG) which functions as the main power generator. The proposed generator can reduce the demagnetization problem of the conventional PMLG. The finite element analysis is performed by using the commercial software package ANSYS/ANSOFT for designing the proposed PMLG, and the genetic algorithm has been used to find the optimal pole size, pole pitch, air gap length and load variation to maximize the output power. Special m-shaped stator core is designed for the PMEG to minimize the leakage flux and cogging force. The voltage, current, power, magnetic flux density, force components and applied force are also analyzed and discussed.

Fontugne, R, Abry, P, Fukuda, K, Borgnat, P, Mazel, J, Wendt, H & Veitch, D 1970, 'Random projection and multiscale wavelet leader based anomaly detection and address identification in internet traffic', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, South Brisbane, QLD, pp. 5530-5534.
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We present a new anomaly detector for data traffic, `SMS', based on combining random projections (sketches) with multiscale analysis, which has low computational complexity. The sketches allow `normal' traffic to be automatically and robustly extracted, and anomalies detected, without the need for training data. The multiscale analysis extracts statistical descriptors, using wavelet leader tools developed recently for multifractal analysis, without any need for timescales to be selected a priori. The proposed detector is illustrated using a large recent dataset of Internet backbone traffic from the MAWI archive, and compared against existing detectors.

Gargiulo, GD, Varaki, ES, Hamilton, TJ, Bifulco, P, Cesarelli, M & Romano, M 1970, 'A 9-independent-leads ECG system from 10 electrodes: A practice preserving WCT-less true unipolar ECG system', 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE.
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© 2015 IEEE. Since the invention of the 12-lead Electrocardiography (ECG) it is taught that only eight out of the twelve signals recordable from the nine exploring electrodes are linearly independent. It is also accepted practice the use of other four linearly dependent signals to add diagnostic efficacy. Unfortunately, quality and usefulness of the 12-lead signals is directly correlated with electrode placement precision and concerns have been raised around intentional misplacements of limb electrodes also for resting ECG. In this paper we show that with a simple modification to the recording front-end, nine independent signals (one per recording electrode) can be recorded. These signals can be used to reconstruct precisely the 12-lead signals (without information loss) and a plethora of other linearly dependent new signals that can open an unexplored frontier in cardiac illnesses diagnosis. While we need to carefully evaluate the clinical implications of our findings, we present here the proposed circuit and a case study (healthy subject) showing the number of signals achievable and we quantify the effect upon the ECG signals of one of the most common intentional misplacement of electrodes.

Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P, Gill, A & Felix Navarro, K 1970, 'Le Bon Samaritain: A Community-Based Care Model Supported by Technology.', Stud Health Technol Inform, Health Informatics Conference, IOS Press, Netherlands, pp. 50-55.
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BACKGROUND: The effective care and well-being of a community is a challenging task especially in an emergency situation. Traditional technology-based silos between health and emergency services are challenged by the changing needs of the community that could benefit from integrated health and safety services. Low-cost smart-home automation solutions, wearable devices and Cloud technology make it feasible for communities to interact with each other, and with health and emergency services in a timely manner. OBJECTIVES: This paper proposes a new community-based care model, supported by technology, that aims at reducing healthcare and emergency services costs while allowing community to become resilient in response to health and emergency situations. METHODS: We looked at models of care in different industries and identified the type of technology that can support the suggested new model of care. Two prototypes were developed to validate the adequacy of the technology. RESULTS: The result is a new community-based model of care called 'Le Bon Samaritain'. It relies on a network of people called 'Bons Samaritains' willing to help and deal with the basic care and safety aspects of their community. Their role is to make sure that people in their community receive and understand the messages from emergency and health services. The new care model is integrated with existing emergency warning, community and health services. CONCLUSION: Le Bon Samaritain model is scalable, community-based and can help people feel safer, less isolated and more integrated in their community. It could be the key to reduce healthcare cost, increase resilience and drive the change for a more integrated emergency and care system.

Golsorkhi, MS & Lu, DDC 1970, 'A decentralized negative sequence compensation method for islanded mirogrids', 2015 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2015 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), IEEE, Aachen, Germany, pp. 1-7.
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© 2015 IEEE. Single phase loads, which constitute the majority of low voltage consumers, give rise to unbalanced load currents in microgrids. As a consequence the voltage unbalance might rise beyond the permissible range. The voltage unbalance can be reduced by injecting a negative sequence (NS) compensation signal into the DERs reference voltage. However, such compensation might cause circulating currents between the DERs and also excessive current in the heavily loaded phases of some DERs. In this paper, a novel NS compensation method is proposed to reduce the circulating currents and eliminate the excess current in inverter-based microgrids. In this method, the NS voltages of the DERs are adjusted according to again scheduled NS droop method. The compensating signal is then computed by solving an optimization problem, which aims at tracking the NS voltage with minimum compensating action. Simulation results are proposed to verify the efficacy of the method.

Gordon, LC & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Digital Patterns for Heritage and Data Preservation Standards', Computational Intelligence and Efficiency in Engineering Systems, Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering (APCASE), Springer International Publishing, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 47-59.
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Christopher Chiu and Zenon Chaczko Abstract Developing software environments for Sensor-Actor Networks (Sanets) is a promising research concern in systems engineering. Current concepts in software would adopt Sanets in a singular ...

Gordon, LC, Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 1970, 'Standardized Mapping Model for Heritage Preservation and Serendipity in Cloud', Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2015 (LNCS), International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (EUROCAST), Springer International Publishing, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 110-117.
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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. In this research the proposal of a model covers and explanation of how to construct and decide an accurate framework for Data Preservation. The relation between Preservation and Digital patterns of Heritage is well related because of the two aspects to consider: Accessibility and Context. They cover the conceptualization of real digital preservation. However availability, contextualization and value of the information are the principal matters to focus. First in the introduction we can find the context and the description of the initial scenario. Second the process of preservation with the modelling applications and implementation of patterns. Finally the conclusions and future projects based on the findings. The principal objective is the integration between models and standardization for sustainable solution.

Gordon, LC, Reinoso, JSS & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Architectural framework to preserve information of cardiac valve control', Proceedings of the 26th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Innovation Management and Sustainable Economic Competitive Advantage: From Regional Development to Global Growth, IBIMA 2015, International Business Information Management, IBIMA, Madrid, pp. 1504-1516.
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According to the relation of Digital Preservation and the Health field as a case of study, the architectural model help us to explain that definitions..The principal goal of Data Preservation is to keep information for a long term. Regarding of Mediacal information, in order to perform a heart transplant, physicians need to preserve this organ in an adequate way. This approach between the two perspectives, the medical and the technological allow to check the similarities about the concepts of preservation. Digital preservation and medical advances are related in the same level as knowledge improvement.

Gunawardane, K, Kularatna, N & Steyn-Ross, DA 1970, 'Loss estimation and validation of the SCALDO implementation', 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE.
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Guo, BC, Huang, YK, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Thermal analysis of the conical rotor motor using LPTN combined with fluid simulation', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 128-129.
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© 2015 IEEE. The temperature investigation for conical rotor motor is relative important at the design step to insure the safety operation. This paper presents a transient thermal analysis mainly based on the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN). Because the complex structure of the rotor, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is adapted to simulate the fluid flow condition in order to achieve accurate heat transfer coefficients and, Then, these coefficients are applied to the LPTN model. Finally, the accuracy of the results is verified by the temperature test, and good agreements are achieved.

Guo, H, Wang, J, Xu, M, Zha, Z-J & Lu, H 1970, 'Learning Multi-view Deep Features for Small Object Retrieval in Surveillance Scenarios', Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '15: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 859-859.
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Guo, YJ & Qin, PY 1970, 'Advances in reconfigurable antennas for wireless communications', 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2015, 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 1-4.
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This paper presents an overview of the recent advances in frequency, polarization and pattern reconfigurable antennas for wireless communications. In particular, it reports our latest progress in this research field, including a wideband to narrowband frequency tunable antenna, a dual-band polarization reconfigurable antenna, a beam-steering quasi-Yagi dipole antenna and a beam-steering antenna array based on reconfigurable defected microstrip structure (RDMS).

Habibullah, M & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'An improved sensorless FS-PTC of induction motors using estimated stator currents', 2015 IEEE Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives (SLED), 2015 IEEE Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives (SLED), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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© 2015 IEEE. Conventionally a finite state predictive torque control (FS-PTC) strategy uses measured stator currents and estimated stator and rotor flux to predict stator flux and torque of induction motor (IM). In FS-PTC, the accuracy of the prediction model is directly dependent on the stator currents and the rotor speed. Direct application of measured stator currents into the prediction model degrades the control performance in terms of current total harmonic distortion (THD) and speed error, especially at lower speeds. This is because injection of noise into the prediction model leads to undesired switching actuation for the inverter. To avoid this problem, this paper proposes an improved prediction model for speed sensorless FS-PTC of IM drives. The estimated stator currents instead of measured currents are fed back to the controller and thus small stator current THD is confirmed. Extended Kalman filter (EKF), a promising state observer for sensorless control system, has been employed with FS-PTC to estimate rotor speed, rotor flux and stator currents accurately. The proposed control strategy has been verified experimentally, and improved torque and flux responses are achieved.

Hakami, HA, Chaczko, Z & Kale, A 1970, 'Review of Big Data Storage based on DNA Computing', 2015 ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED SYSTEM ENGINEERING - APCASE 2015, Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering (APCASE), IEEE, Quito, Equador, pp. 113-117.
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There is a need of noteworthy scaling down in the information approached may be saved in the most recent decade. Delicate and advanced version hard paper duplicate which helps in two ways that they increased the effectiveness from claiming data management but also improved the distribution of entrance of information. On engineered DNA, it may be a chance to view the late improvement on the possibility about data capacity. Similarly in this way we have figured out how leap forward engineering could dramatically change the lifestyle out of our information capacity. This topic ' Big Data Storage based DNA' is described from the first research to newer one, their advantages and disadvantages, their techniques and how it will become a practice in the future. We also propose an approach is proposed as simple method to store data into DNA. The experiment work is done to validate the proposed approach result clearly show advantages merits of proposed method.

Hashmi, RM, Baba, AA, Afzal, MU & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Recent advances in electromagnetic band gap resonator antennas', 2015 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), 2015 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), IEEE, Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Infor, Chiang Mai, THAILAND.
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He, C, Zhang, L, He, X & Jia, W 1970, 'A New Image Decomposition and Reconstruction Approach - Adaptive Fourier Decomposition.', MMM (2), International Conference on Multimedia Modelling, Springer, Sydney, Australia, pp. 227-236.
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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. Fourier has been a powerful mathematical tool for representing a signal into an expression consist of sin and cos. Recently a new developed signal decomposition theory is proposed by Pro. Tao Qian named Adaptive Fourier Decomposition, which has the advantage in time frequency over Fourier decomposition and without the need for a fixed window size problem such as short-time frequency transform. Studies show that AFD can fast decompose signals into positive-frequency functions with good analytical properties. In this paper we apply AFD into image decomposition and reconstruction area first time in the literature, which shows a promising result and gives the fundamental prospect for image compression.

He, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Fang, G & Mueck, MD 1970, 'Fractional Frequency Reuse in distributed antenna systems in Cloud Radio Access Networks', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW), 2015 ICC - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), IEEE, London, ENGLAND, pp. 907-912.
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© 2015 IEEE. A distributed antenna system (DAS) architecture is considered to be a key enabler for further Network Virtualization where different network configurations are created as needed by a centralized decision making unit that is typically integrated into the Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) which offers a potential architecture for 5G wireless communication systems. Many schemes have been proposed for Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) for resource allocation in the static cellular network architecture. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different FFR resource allocation approaches on the downlink cell edge users’ capacity. We use a Multiset approach to model the resource allocation and interference. Targeting maximum average capacity, a closed-form lower bound of the average capacity is derived and the optimum FFR resource allocation is obtained. This provides a guide in the evaluation of DAS performance.

He, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Fang, G & Mueck, MD 1970, 'SNR Threshold for Distributed Antenna Systems in Cloud Radio Access Networks', 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall), 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), IEEE, Boston, MA.
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© 2015 IEEE. A distributed antenna system (DAS) architecture is a key enabler for Cloud Radio Access Networks (CRAN) where geographically separated base stations are connected to a centralized processing and decision making unit. Many schemes have been proposed to leverage Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) and co-ordinated joint transmission between base stations to improve cell-edge performance for static network deployments. In this paper, we investigate dynamic decision making that whether co-ordinated joint transmission should be selected in the downlink of a FFR-aided DAS. We derive the transmitting Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) threshold that co-ordinated joint transmission can provide better performance if the transmitting SNR is below this threshold. We simulated a three-cell cluster layout with FFR and the numerical results agree with our analytical results. We show that the transmitting SNR threshold is critical in the FFR-aided DAS analysis and can be used as a guide in the CRAN network planning and the evaluation of DAS performance.

Hoang, D & Dat, DT 1970, 'Health data in cloud environments', Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS, Singapore, pp. 96-108.
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The process of provisioning healthcare involves massive healthcare data which exists in different forms on disparate data sources and in different formats. Consequently, health information systems encounter interoperability problems at many levels. Integrating these disparate systems requires the support at all levels of a very expensive infrastructures. Cloud computing dramatically reduces the expense and complexity of managing IT systems. Business customers do not need to invest in their own costly IT infrastructure, but can delegate and deploy their services effectively to Cloud vendors and service providers. It is inevitable that electronic health records (EHRs) and healthcare-related services will be deployed on cloud platforms to reduce the cost and complexity of handling and integrating medical records while improving efficiency and accuracy. The paper presents a review of EHR including definitions, EHR file formats, structures leading to the discussion of interoperability and security issues. The paper also presents challenges that have to be addressed for realizing Cloudbased healthcare systems: data protection and big health data management. Finally, the paper presents an active data model for housing and protecting EHRs in a Cloud environment.

Hoang, DB & Pham, M 1970, 'On software-defined networking and the design of SDN controllers', 2015 6th International Conference on the Network of the Future (NOF), 2015 6th International Conference on the Network of the Future (NOF), IEEE, Montreal, Canada, pp. 1-3.
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© 2015 IEEE. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a networking paradigm that can remove the limitations of current network infrastructures by separating the control plane from the data forwarding plane. The implications include: the underlying network state and decision making capability are centralized; programmability is provided on the control plane; the operation at the forwarding plane is simplified; and the underlying network infrastructure is abstracted and presented to the applications. This paper discusses and exposes the details of the design of a common SDN controller based on our study of many controllers. The emphasis is on interfaces as they are essential for evolving the scope of SDN in supporting applications with different network resources requirements. In particular, the paper review and compare the design of the three controllers: Beacon, OpenDaylight, and Open Networking Operation System.

Hoang, DT, Niyato, D & Hung, NT 1970, 'Optimal Energy Allocation Policy for Wireless Networks in the Sky', IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE, London, ENGLAND, pp. 3204-3209.
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Google's Project Loon was launched in 2013 with the aim of providing Internetaccess to rural and remote areas. In the Loon network, balloons travel aroundthe Earth and bring access points to the users who cannot connect directly tothe global wired Internet. The signals from the users will be transmittedthrough the balloon network to the base stations connected to the Internetservice provider (ISP) on Earth. The process of transmitting and receiving dataconsume a certain amount of energy from the balloon, while the energy onballoons cannot be supplied by stable power source or by replacing batteriesfrequently. Instead, the balloons can harvest energy from natural energysources, e.g., solar energy, or from radio frequency energy by equipping withappropriate circuits. However, such kinds of energy sources are often dynamicand thus how to use this energy efficiently is the main goal of this paper. Inthis paper, we study the optimal energy allocation problem for the balloonssuch that network performance is optimized and the revenue for serviceproviders is maximized. We first formulate the stochastic optimization problemas a Markov decision process and then apply a learning algorithm based onsimulation-based method to obtain optimal policies for the balloons. Numericalresults obtained by extensive simulations clearly show the efficiency andconvergence of the proposed learning algorithm.

HUANG, KAI, LIU, LI & KONG, X 1970, 'Analysis of Development Productivity in Information System Adaptive and Perfective Maintenance', Third International Conference on Advances in Information Processing and Communication Technology - IPCT 2015, Third International Conference on Advances in Information Processing and Communication Technology - IPCT 2015, Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, Rome, Italy, pp. 154-158.
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This paper presents a development productivity model for Information System (IS) adaptive/perfective maintenance process. The modelling approach is from economic perspective. The productivity model considers the economic value of the maintenance activity, pre-committed fixed cost and variable cost consumed in adaptive/perfective maintenance. Factors that influence the productivity are analysed using simulation. The simulation provides a tool for IS project managers to tune the project parameters to obtain the optimal productivity in adaptive/perfective maintenance.

Huang, S, Zhang, J, Lu, S & Hua, X-S 1970, 'Social Friend Recommendation Based on Network Correlation and Feature Co-Clustering', Proceedings of the 5th ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, ICMR '15: International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, ACM, Shanghai, pp. 315-322.
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Friend recommendation is an important recommender application in social media. Major social websites such as Twitter and Facebook are all capable of recommending friends to individuals. However, friend recommendation is a difficult task and most social websites use simple friend recommendation algorithms such as similarity and popularity, whose level of accuracy does do not satisfy the majority of users. In this paper we propose a two-stage procedure for more accurate friend recommendation: In the rest stage, based on the relationship of different social networks, the Flickr tag network and contact network are aligned to generate a "possible friend list"; In the second stage, making the assumption that a friend's friends also tend to be friends", co-clustering is applied to the tag and image information of the list to refine the recommendation result in the first stage. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good performance and every stage contributes to the recommendation.

Huang, X, Yuan, C & Zhang, J 1970, 'Graph Cuts Stereo Matching Based on Patch-Match and Ground Control Points Constraint', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer International Publishing, Gwangju, South Korea, pp. 14-23.
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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. Stereo matching methods based on Patch-Match obtain good results on complex texture regions but show poor ability on low texture regions. In this paper, a new method that integrates Patch-Match and graph cuts (GC) is proposed in order to achieve good results in both complex and low texture regions. A label is randomly assigned for each pixel and the label is optimized through propagation process. All these labels constitute a label space for each iteration in GC. Also, a Ground Control Points (GCPs) constraint term is added to the GC to overcome the disadvantages of Patch-Match stereo in low texture regions. The proposed method has the advantage of the spatial propagation of Patch- Match and the global property of GC. The results of experiments are tested on the Middlebury evaluation system and outperform all the other PatchMatch based methods.

Huang, X, Zhang, J, Wu, Q, Yuan, C & Fan, L 1970, 'Dense Correspondence Using Non-Local DAISY Forest', 2015 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), 2015 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Adelaide, pp. 1-8.
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© 2015 IEEE. Dense correspondence computation is a critical computer vision task with many applications. The most existing dense correspondence methods consider all the neighbors connected to the center pixels and use local support region. However, such approach might only achieve a locally-optimal solution.In this paper, we propose a non-local dense correspondence computation method by calculating the match cost on a tree structure. It is non-local because all other nodes on the tree contribute to the match cost computing for the current node. The proposed method consists of three steps, namely: 1) DAISY descriptor computation, 2) edge-preserving segmentation and forest construction, 3) PatchMatch fast search. We test our algorithm on the Middlebury and Moseg datasets. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-The-Art methods in dense correspondence computing and has a low computation complexity.

Huang, X, Zhang, JA & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Joint transmitter and receiver I/Q imbalance estimation in presence of carrier frequency offset', 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Nara, Japan, pp. 209-212.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper proposes a simple frequency domain joint transmitter and receiver I/Q imbalance estimation method which exploits the phase rotation introduced by carrier frequency offset. Using two frequency domain training sequences inserted in each transmission frame, the transmitter and receiver I/Q imbalances can be jointly estimated over multiple frames. The transmitter I/Q imbalance parameter can be fed back to the transmitter for I/Q imbalance pre-compensation, whereas the receiver I/Q imbalance can be compensated locally followed by conventional frequency domain equalization. Numerical simulation results show that the image rejection ratios for both transmitter and receiver after I/Q imbalance compensation can be improved to over 50 dB which is necessary for multichannel systems with high order modulation and wide transmission bandwidth.

Ilsar, A & Bluff, A 1970, ''AirStorm,' A New Piece for AirSticks and Storm', Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition, C&C '15: Creativity and Cognition, ACM, Glasgow, UK, pp. 389-390.
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'AirStorm' is a semi-improvised short 10-min piece for solo AirSticks and physical model visualisation performed by Alon Ilsar and Andrew Bluff respectively. It will be made up of a drum synth, drum samples, other selected samples and room feedback triggered and manipulated by Ilsar on this newly built interface for electronic percussionists. The piece will display some of the capabilities of the AirSticks along with Ilsar's dedication to practicing and composing for this new interface. "AirStorm" will be based around the conferences theme of "Computers, Arts and Data" through the choice and samples and ways are played. The movement data from Ilsar's Airsticks is processed in real-time by Bluff's physics based visualisation engine, Storm. Particles are pushed around a virtual 3D world in response to the movements of the AirSticks and rigid body collision adds a sense of real-world authenticity and complexity. The system responds to drums and movements of the AirSticks with a combination of different visual and physical effects. The real-time visualisations exemplify the movement and sonic complexity of Ilsar's AirSticks performance, providing a visually stimulating and highly synesthetic element to the piece.

Inatsuki, T, Matsuura, M, Morinaga, K, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'An FPGA implementation of low-latency video transmission system using lossless and near-lossless line-based compression', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP), IEEE.
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Iqbal, M & Mahmood, A 1970, 'H₂ and H_∞ Optimal Control of Coordinated Fingers Movement', 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES (ICET), 2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET), IEEE, PAKISTAN, Peshawar Serv Club, Peshawar.

Irfansyah, AN, Nicholson, A, Jenkins, J, Hamilton, TJ & Lehmann, T 1970, 'Subthreshold operation of Nauta's operational transconductance amplifier', 2015 IEEE 13th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), 2015 IEEE 13th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), IEEE.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper investigates the subthreshold operation of the inverter-based operational transconductance amplifier for the potential use in very low power data conversion systems. Circuit analysis and sizing strategies are presented, and a first order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator circuit is used as a case study to verify the performance of the amplifier when operating in subthreshold region. We demonstrate experimental results using a digitally configurable Nauta operational transconductance amplifier implemented in a 180nm CMOS process which shows up to 97.76 percent power reduction when 600mV is used instead of 1.8V as supply with better figure of merit and without significant signal-to-noise distortion ratio penalty highlighting its significant potential at subthreshold operation.

Islam, MR, Youguang Guo & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'FPGA-based control of modular multilevel converters: Modeling and experimental evaluation', 2015 International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), 2015 International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), IEEE, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, pp. 89-92.
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© 2015 IEEE. In comparison with conventional two level converters, multilevel converters present lower switching losses, lower voltage stress on switching devices, lower common-mode voltages and better harmonic performance. Due to these remarkable features, nowadays the application of this technology covers a wide range, where high-quality voltages and currents are required. However, the multilevel converter requires a number of switching pulse width modulated (PWM) signals, which cannot be generated by using a single digital signal processor (DSP)/microcontroller because the available DSP at present only can provide about 12 PWM channels. In this instance, the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is the natural choice to develop the control circuit of multilevel converters. In addition, the most common software such as MATLAB/Simulink and Xilinx ISE Design Suite-based alternative design technique is used in this paper, which may reduce the developmental time and cost of the controller. The design and implementation of the switching controller, test platform, and experimental results are analyzed and discussed.

Jafari, M, Malekjamshidi, Z, Platt, G, Zhu, JG, Dorrell, DG & IEEE 1970, 'A Multi-Port Converter Based Renewable Energy System for Residential Consumers of Smart Grid', IECON 2015 - 41ST ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Yokoham, Japan, pp. 5168-5173.
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© 2015 IEEE. A fuzzy based energy management unit (FBEMU) for a renewable energy system (RES) is introduced in this paper. The RES includes solar PV panel and fuel cell stack as renewable sources and Battery and hydrogen tank as storage devices. A multi-port DC-DC converter is employed to integrate the renewable energies and supply the residential load via an inverter. The proposed system is able to operate in both grid connected and islanded modes for different energy management scenarios. The FBEMU defines the appropriate operation mode of DC-DC converter based on the predicted energy profiles of the load demand and PV generation considering the grid energy and fuel cell running costs and state of storage devices. Both long and short term energy predictions are used to define the operation modes of converter efficiently. A brief review on device level controller including small signal model of system and control loops are provided. The proposed system is simulated for a residential load considering an energy saving scenario.

Jafari, M, Platt, G, Malekjamshidi, Z & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Technical issues of sizing Lead-Acid batteries for application in residential renewable energy systems', 2015 4th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), 2015 4th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), IEEE, Sharjah, UAE.
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© 2015 IEEE. Lead acid batteries are one of the most commonly used storage devices in residential renewable energy systems. This paper explains the procedure of calculating required capacity of lead acid battery for a residential based renewable energy system. A renewable energy system (RES) is introduced based on a topology of multi-port converter. The basic required stored energy is defined using averaged load energy demand and renewable energy generation profiles. The required capacity of lead-acid battery is calculated on the basis of required stored energy considering technical factors such as battery efficiency, operation temperature and number of autonomy days. The technical issues of using Lead Acid batteries are discussed and presented based on the factory provided manuals.

Jan, MA, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, RP 1970, 'A sybil attack detection scheme for a centralized clustering-based hierarchical network', Proceedings - 14th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2015, IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 318-325.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have experienced phenomenal growth over the past decade. They are typically deployed in remote and hostile environments for monitoring applications and data collection. Miniature sensor nodes collaborate with each other to provide information on an unprecedented temporal and spatial scale. The resource-constrained nature of sensor nodes along with human-inaccessible terrains poses various security challenges to these networks at different layers. In this paper, we propose a novel detection scheme for Sybil attack in a centralized clustering-based hierarchical network. Sybil nodes are detected prior to cluster formation to prevent their forged identities from participating in cluster head selection. Only legitimate nodes are elected as cluster heads to enhance utilization of the resources. The proposed scheme requires collaboration of any two high energy nodes to analyze received signal strengths of neighboring nodes. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme significantly improves network lifetime in comparison with existing clustering-based hierarchical routing protocols.

Jayawickrama, BA, Dutkiewicz, E, Mueck, M & IEEE 1970, 'Incumbent User Active Area Detection for Licensed Shared Access', 2015 IEEE 82ND VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC FALL), IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Boston, USA, pp. 1-5.
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Print Request Permissions Licensed Shared Access is a European standardisation effort which promotes repository based quasi-static hierarchical spectrum sharing. In this scheme the sharing time base is in the order of months if not years. For widespread use of Licensed Shared Access, shrinking the sharing time base is crucial. In this paper we propose a scheme to reduce the sharing time base to seconds or minutes scale. We present a new technique named lightweight Radio Environment Map based on a Kalman Filter derived from geo-location aware spectrum measurements, which can be run at the shared access licensee end. Our objective is to determine the active area of a static or slowly moving incumbent. We consider a challenging scenario where a large fraction of measurements is missing and the available measurements are highly distorted. Performance of our incumbent active area detection approach is evaluated by simulating a low power incumbent in an urban cellular environment. Simulation results show a substantial improvement of missed detection area in comparison to the counterpart that does not use our lightweight Radio Environment Map.

Ji, L-Y, Fu, G, Gong, S-X, Zhang, T, Guo, YJ, Qin, P-Y, Ding, C & IEEE 1970, 'Pattern Reconfigurable Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna', 2015 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (ISAP), IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Hobart, AUSTRALIA.
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© 2015 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm. A newly designed pattern reconfigurable Fabry-Perot cavity antenna is presented in this paper. The reconfigurability is achieved by employing a phased array with a reconfigurable feed network as the source of the FPC antenna. The design can switch its main beam direction between ™10° and 10° with respect to the broadside direction from 5.36 GHz to 5.76 GHz. The realized gain of the proposed antenna is over 11.6 dBi. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved.

Ji, L-Y, Guo, YJ, Qin, P-Y, Fu, G & IEEE 1970, 'A Reconfigurable Beam-Scanning Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) Antenna', 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 1-3.
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© 2015 EurAAP. A novel reconfigurable partially reflective surface (PRS) antenna is presented in this paper. The beam scanning ability is realized by employing a reconfigurable PRS structure and a phased array as the source. The design achieves a beam switching between -15°, 0°, to 15° with respect to the broadside direction from 5.5 GHz to 5.7 GHz with the realized gains over 12 dBi. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved.

Jiang, ZQ, Jin, JX, Guo, YG & Xu, W 1970, 'A novel arrangement of field coil for large capacity superconducting motors', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 13-14.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, a novel arrangement of field coil is proposed to decrease the additional iron loss caused by magnetic flux sag between the adjacent field coil sides with the same current direction. The comparison of iron loss between the novel and traditional arrangement of field coils at different conditions are discussed. The novel arrangement can decrease the iron loss from the analytic results.

Kale, A, Chaczko, Z & Slehat, S 1970, 'HyMuDS: A Hybrid Multimodal Data Acquisition System', 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering, 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer-Aided System Engineering (APCASE), IEEE, Quito, Equador, pp. 107-112.
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This paper outlines an architectural perspective for a multimodal data acquisition to be implemented in order to monitor contamination in urban waterways. The purpose is to develop an approach to detect objects and anomalies in dynamic environmental conditions. For overcoming effects of environmental variations like high reflectivity, heat waves, fog and variable illumination, an implementation with multiple camera modalities including infrared, ultraviolet and visual spectrum is proposed. Detection of a micro-level parameters related with the environment and the water, analog sensing nodes connected to a wireless gateway are deployed. Main parameters under consideration include temperature, salinity, moisture and illumination. Software architecture for a data acquisition purpose is implemented in a C# .Net development environment. This software implementation allows parallel or concurrent data acquisition operate with a greater efficiency. Another important aspect of the software architecture implemented is to allow use of heterogeneous data for post-acquisition analysis. A problem specific data storage approach is proposed and implemented to improve availability and accessibility of the acquired data. Initial trials of this system clearly indicate merits of the system proposed. This approach has a strong capability to support capturing huge information of different scenarios and with a greater efficiency.

Kasauka, D, Tsutsui, H, Okuhata, H, Imagawa, T & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Image smoothing using spatial iterative methods based on accelerated iterative shrinkage', 2015 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), 2015 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), IEEE.
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Koziol, F, Borowik, G, Wozniak, M & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Toward Dynamic Signal Coding for Safe Communication Technology', 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering, 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer-Aided System Engineering (APCASE), IEEE, Quito, Equador, pp. 246-251.
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This paper gives a theoretical background to dynamic generation of primitive polynomials, their usage in many fields including cryptography for a mobile communication systems. Presented polynomials and their generation over a Galois field is discussed. Additionally, the basic properties and arithmetic methods over finite fields of characteristic 3 are presented. The main objective of this paper is to outline the mathematical background for design and implementation for dynamic coding in mobile communication technology widely applied in telephones, computers and any device communicating over TCP/IP protocol.

Le, AT, Tran, LC, Premaratne, P, Stirling, D, Wysocki, B, Wysocki, T & Vial, PJ 1970, 'A promising set of spreading sequences to mitigate MAI effects in MIMO STS systems', 2015 9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2015 9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Cairns, AUSTRALIA.
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Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Xu, W 1970, 'An optimal flux-switching permanent magnet machine for hybrid electric vehicles', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 104-105.
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© 2015 IEEE. Flux-switching permanent magnet machines (FSPMMs) have been investigated for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper presents an optimal FSPMM with 12 stator poles to meet the performance specifications required by the drive machine in the Prius HEV. After a qualitative analysis based on size equation to briefly compare performances of FSPMMs with four rotor topology structures, a quantitative analysis method based on multilevel optimization is presented to obtain an accurate performance comparison. It is found that FSPMMs with different topology structures have different optimal structural parameters, and the optimal one with 13 rotor poles has the best performances in terms of output power and efficiency among four different rotor structures.

Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Xu, W 1970, 'Six-sigma robust topology and shape optimization for flux switching permanent magnet machines', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 122-123.
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Flux-switching permanent magnet machines (FSPMMs) has been investigated for many application including hybrid electric vehicles due to its special configuration and high power density. This paper aims to present a robust optimization method for this kind of machine to improve its manufacturing quality in industry. The proposed robust method is based on design for six-sigma technique. Different topology structures, shape parameters and their manufacturing tolerances will be investigated in this method. Finally, a FSPMM is designed to maximize the average torque and to minimize the torque ripple and cogging torque under the framework of the proposed method. From the discussion, it can be found that the proposed method is efficient and can increase the reliability of the investigated FSPMM.

Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Xu, W & Jin, JX 1970, 'Multiobjective design optimization for high-temperature superconducting linear synchronous motors with different primary topologies', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 120-121.
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A single-sided high-temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet array as its secondary has been developed in our previous work. This work presents multiobjective design optimization for this HTSLSM for its broad industry applications. Moreover, a new topology is presented for the primary of this HTSLSM. The finite element model used for the performance calculation has been verified by experimental results. Through the design optimization, it can be seen that the motor performances have been improved greatly for both initial and new topology primary structures.

Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Xu, W & Li, YB 1970, 'Multilevel six-sigma robust optimization of a superconducting magnetic energy storage', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, pp. 112-113.
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© 2015 IEEE. Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is an important device in renewable systems. It can improve the power supply quality and enhance the stability and reliability of power system. This work will investigate the manufacturing and operating reliability and quality of SMES based on a benchmark problem so as to improve its industry applications. Robust design optimization based on a technique called design for Six-Sigma is presented to investigate the above problem. Meanwhile, multilevel optimization method is employed to reduce the computation cost of finite element analysis due to high-dimensional parameters. As shown, the reliability and quality of the SMES after robust optimization have been improved significantly.

Lei, G, Liu, C, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Multidisciplinary design analysis for PM motors with soft magnetic composite cores', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Lei, G, Xu, W & Zhu, J 1970, 'An optimal flux switching permanent magnet machine for Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicle', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 104-105.
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Leijdekkers, P & Gay, V 1970, 'Improving User Engagement by Aggregating and Analysing Health and Fitness Data on a Mobile App', Inclusive Smart Cities and e-Health, International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics (ICOST), Springer Series: Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 325-330.
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Nowadays, health, fitness and contextual data can be ubiquitously collected using wearable devices, sensors and smart phones and be stored in various servers and devices. However, to engage users in active monitoring of their health and fitness, it is essential to personalise the monitoring and have all the relevant data in one place. It is also important to give users control on how their data is collected, analysed, presented and stored. This paper presents how those important features are integrated in myFitnessCompanion®, an Android Health and fitness app developed by our team. The app is able to aggregate data from multiple sources, keep it on the phone or export it to servers or Electronic Health Records (EHR). It can also present the aggregated data in a personalised manner. A mobile app such as myFitnessCompanion® is a solution to the personalisation, interoperability and control issues that are key to user engagement.

Li, K, Ni, W, Wang, X, Liu, RP, Kanhere, SS & Jha, SK 1970, 'EPLA: Energy-balancing packets scheduling for airborne relaying networks.', ICC, IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, London, UK, pp. 6246-6251.
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© 2015 IEEE. Airborne relaying is of potential to extend wireless sensor networks (WSN) to human-unfriendly terrains. Challenges arise due to lossy airborne channels and limited battery of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We propose an energy-efficient relaying scheme to overcome the challenges. A swarm of UAVs are deployed to listen to remote sensors from distributed locations, improving packet reception over lossy channels. UAVs report their reception qualities to the base station where the optimal schedule with guaranteed success rates and balanced energy consumption can be generated. Such scheduling is an NP-hard binary integer programming. We develop a suboptimal solution by decoupling the processes of energy balancing and data rate adjustment. Simulations confirm that, in terms of network yield, our method is indistinguishable to the NP-hard optimal solution, 15% higher than greedy algorithms. Our method can reduce the complexity by orders of magnitude, and extend network lifetime by 33%.

Li, M, Da Xu, RY & He, X 1970, 'Face hallucination based on nonparametric Bayesian learning', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE, Quebec City, Canada, pp. 986-990.
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In this paper, we propose a novel example-based face hallucination method through nonparametric Bayesian learning based on the assumption that human faces have similar local pixel structure. We cluster the low resolution (LR) face image patches by nonparametric method distance dependent Chinese Restaurant process (ddCRP) and calculate the centres of the clusters (i.e., subspaces). Then, we learn the mapping coefficients from the LR patches to high resolution (HR) patches in each subspace. Finally, the HR patches of input low resolution face image can be efficiently generated by a simple linear regression. The spatial distance constraint is employed to aid the learning of subspace centers so that every subspace will better reflect the detailed information of image patches. Experimental results show our method is efficient and promising for face hallucination.

Li, Y, Yang, Q & Zhu, J 1970, 'Three-dimensional magnetic properties measurement of the laminated silicon steels', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE.
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Silicon steels are widely applied in the magnetic cores design, such as power transformer, electrical machine, and magnet. Magnetic properties of the silicon steel are key factors in design and performance optimization of the electrical apparatus. In the past several decades, one and two dimensional (2-D) magnetic properties testing methods have been developed for single sheet silicon steel specimen [1]. Their testing and analyzing scopes were confined in some direction or one plane. While in application, the silicon steels are usually in lamination, which may cause magnetic interaction between the vicinity layers. Magnetic properties along the perpendicular rolling direction and effects of the laminated layers might be ignored in the traditional testing methods. In this condition, big error may occur in material modeling and core loss calculation. Also, rotational magnetic fields are testified comprehensively in cores of rotating AC machines and T-joints of three-phase transformers, which cause rotational core losses may amount to more than 50% of the total core losses [2]. Therefore, 3-D magnetic properties of the laminated silicon steel in the complex rotating magnetization conditions should be taken into account. The first 3-D testing system with core-yoke excitation structure was designed mainly for isotropic soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials [3, 4]. For the junctions of laminated yokes and cores cannot be kept in uniform in any axis, this excitation structure can make asymmetric flux distributions in three axes. In order to perform relatively uniform and symmetrical magnetization of the laminated silicon steel specimen, the authors have been done a number of valuable benchmarking studies on a novel 3-D magnetization structure with 'C-type' cores as shown in Fig. 1.

Li, YJ, Yang, QX, Zhang, CG, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 1970, 'Comprehensive magnetic properties measurement of the silicon steel considering the laminated direction', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 298-299.
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© 2015 IEEE. Comprehensive magnetic properties of the laminated silicon steels are key factors in magnetic core design, which should be measured and modeled by using new testing method. Comparing with the traditional Epstein Frame and Single Sheet Tester (SST), a novel Three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic properties tester has been designed for complex magnetic properties measurement of the laminated silicon steels. Grain oriented (GO) and non-grain oriented silicon steel samples are magnetized under alternating and rotational excitation considering the laminated direction. Both magnetic hysteresis and core loss features of the laminated silicon steels are measured and analyzed. This study can provide dynamic and comprehensive data to design and evaluate performance of the electrical machines and power transformers.

Lin Ye & Su, SW 1970, 'Experimental design for the calibration of tri-axial Magnetometers', 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), IEEE, Auckland, pp. 711-715.
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The calibration and its associated experimental design scheme for the tri-axial magnetometers are explored in this paper. For the widely used 9-parameter model of tri-axial Magnetometers, based on experimental design of Tri-axial accelerometers, a 12-observation experiment scheme, whose observations are located in the vertices of an icosahedron, is presented to reduce estimation error. As this 12-observation scheme is proved to be rotatable, before experiment, it is not required to identify the direction of the magnetic field of the Earth. For this 12-observation experiment scheme, a simple parameter estimation algorithm is presented, which can be easily implemented in a micro-controller with low computational capacity. Although, this calibration method utilizes the projections of the local Earth magnetic field as calibration inputs, a high precision turntable is not essential for ensuring desired calibration accuracy.

Lin Ye & Su, SW 1970, 'Optimum Experimental Design applied to MEMS accelerometer calibration for 9-parameter auto-calibration model', 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Milan, Italy, pp. 3145-3148.
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Optimum Experimental Design (OED) is an information gathering technique used to estimate parameters, which aims to minimize the variance of parameter estimation and prediction. In this paper, we further investigate an OED for MEMS accelerometer calibration of the 9-parameter auto-calibration model. Based on a linearized 9-parameter accelerometer model, we show the proposed OED is both G-optimal and rotatable, which are the desired properties for the calibration of wearable sensors for which only simple calibration devices are available. The experimental design is carried out with a newly developed wearable health monitoring device and desired experimental results have been achieved.

Lin, S, Ni, W, Tian, H & Liu, RP 1970, 'Evolutionary radio resource management in distributed femtocell networks', 2015 22nd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), 2015 22nd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 168-173.
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© 2015 IEEE. Femtocells are an integrating part of future cellular systems, where radio resource management is a challenge due to unbalanced backhaul delays and the hotspot nature of femtocells. We propose a new game theoretic framework, where the channel allocation and transmit powers evolve in a distributed manner, adapting to femtocells' topology and traffic demands. The key idea is to cast femtocells' clustering as an evolutionary game, where the femtocells independently switch to less interfered clusters. Within each cluster, we design a non-cooperative game to implement power control in the absence of centralized coordination. Simulations show that our approach is effective for timely interference mitigation and reliable topology management. The stability and scalability of our approach are also demonstrated.

Lin, S, Ni, W, Tian, H, Liu, RP & Liu, B 1970, 'Game Theoretic Approach for Smallcell Resource Management', 2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), IEEE, San Diego, CA.
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© 2015 IEEE. Smallcells can provide high-quality radio coverage in indoor environment. However, resource management and interference mitigation are key challenges, resulting from the heterogeneous backhaul and the uncoordinated nature of smallcells. We propose a new game theoretic approach, where the transmit power of smallcells evolve in a distributed manner, adapting to traffic demands and mitigating interference. The key idea is to formulate smallcells' clustering as an evolutionary game, where the smallcells independently switch to less interfered clusters. At every evolutionary stage, a non-cooperative game is cast to balance the transmit powers within each cluster. Limited signalling is exchanged between the clusters, adjusting future evolution. Compared to the prior art, simulations show that our approach can improve the network throughput by 10.2%.

Liu, C, Zhu, J, Wang, Y, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Liu, X 1970, 'Comparison of claw pole machines with different rotor structure', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Liu, C, Zhu, J, Wang, Y, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Liu, X 1970, 'Design and analysis of an outer rotor flux switching permanent magnet machine for electric vehicle', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Piscataway, USA.
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© 2015 IEEE. With the great concerns on alleviating the pollution on the environment and traffic congestions; there is a trend for developing the electric vehicles [1], [2]. For such drive system, the in-wheel machines draw the main attention due to its relative higher torque density and compact structure [1]. With the permanent magnet (PM) located on the stator teeth, the flux switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM) has relative high torque density, robust structure, etc., when compared with other machines [3]. A great number of work had been done on the FSPMM during last decades, which includes novel topology, control strategies, performance analysis etc. For the novel topologies of the FSPMM, the E-core, C-core, multi-tooth, different stator slots and poles combinations were investigated and compared [4], [5]. Compared with the inner rotor FSPMM, the outer rotor FSPMM exhibits the higher torque density, as it has higher air gap radius. In this paper, a 188 W 120 rpm outer rotor FSPMM is designed and analyzed for the electric vehicle.

Liu, C, Zhu, J, Wang, Y, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Liu, X 1970, 'Development of a novel axial-flux claw pole machine with soft magnetic composite core', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Liu, X, Wang, L, Yin, J, Dou, Y & Zhang, J 1970, 'Absent multiple kernel learning', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Publications, Austin, Texas, pp. 2807-2813.
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Multiple kernel learning (MKL) optimally combines the multiple channels of each sample to improve classification performance. However, existing MKL algorithms cannot effectively handle the situation where some channels are missing, which is common in practical applications. This paper proposes an absent MKL (AMKL) algorithm to address this issue. Different from existing approaches where missing channels are firstly imputed and then a standard MKL algorithm is deployed on the imputed data, our algorithm directly classifies each sample with its observed channels. In specific, we define a margin for each sample in its own relevant space, which corresponds to the observed channels of that sample. The proposed AMKL algorithm then maximizes the minimum of all sample-based margins, and this leads to a difficult optimization problem. We show that this problem can be reformulated as a convex one by applying the representer theorem. This makes it readily be solved via existing convex optimization packages. Extensive experiments are conducted on five MKL benchmark data sets to compare the proposed algorithm with existing imputation-based methods. As observed, our algorithm achieves superior performance and the improvement is more significant with the increasing missing ratio.

Liu, XJ, Wang, YH, Liu, CC, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 1970, 'Parameter calculation of solid wires in transformer windings', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 304-305.
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© 2015 IEEE. Resistance and capacitance impact the performance of magnetic components while it is difficult to calculate them accurately. An analytical model for parameter calculation of solid wire in transformer windings has been developed. The model calculates the current density distribution by considering the eddy current effect in solid wires through theory calculation. In this paper, a simulated model is evaluated by finite element method. It can be found that the current density distribution of solid wires obtained from analytical model is well aligned with that from FEM. Meanwhile, the resistance and inductance of each wire by the two parallel wires model and FEM are 0.1657 Ω and0.1672 Ω, respectively. The relative error of resistance is 0.897%. The dynamic capacitance between two wires is 135.5 pF. The results are analyzed and found the model has huge potentiality for transformer design.

Lu, Y & Dah-Chuan Lu, D 1970, 'Analysis of a shunt maximum power point tracker for PV-battery system', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Wollongong, Australia,, pp. 1-6.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper first presents a maximum power point efficiency analysis of the conventional direct connection of PV panels to a battery. Next, an improved shunt maximum power point tracking (MPPT) which integrated a half-bridge converter with a full-bridge load is proposed. The configuration is designed such that the PV panel voltage equals the sum of capacitor voltage and battery. This capacitor voltage is controlled to achieve the MPPT of the PV panels. Some experimental results are reported to verify the proposed concept and analysis.

Ma, J, Ni, W, Yin, J, Lin, S, Cui, H, Liu, RP & Fang, BX 1970, 'Modelling social characteristics of mobile radio networks', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW), 2015 ICC - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), IEEE, London, UK, pp. 1575-1580.
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© 2015 IEEE. Mobile communications are increasingly contributing to the Internet traffic. Users move within cellular networks and generate traffics of different types. In this paper, we propose to categorize cellular base stations from multiple dimensions. Key social characteristics of the base stations are jointly considered, including traffic fluctuation, user non-determinacy, temporal homogeneity and usage diversity. Our categorization is based on spectral clustering, which is able to leverage the multiple social characteristics. The results of the categorization indicate different application environments and scenarios. We further establish social models with important parameters derived for each of the categories. The applications to energy efficient wireless networks are studied. The proposed model is of practical value to facilitate designing, simulating, and evaluating network deployment.

Maleki, B, Ebrahimnezhad, H, Xu, M & He, X 1970, 'Hand gesture recognition for a virtual mouse application using geometric feature of finger's trajectories', Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ICIMCS '15: International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ACM, China, pp. 16-19.
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© 2015 ACM. We aim to enable a computer to comprehend and perform the mouse functions by analyzing a video with hand motions. For this purpose, dynamic gestures are captured by a web cam and are recognized as pre-defined gestures which are used to suggest mouse functions. The proposed algorithm initially detects the hand. Then, it tracks fingertips' trajectories within a frame sequence. Finally, hand gestures are recognized through computing a set of proposed geometric features of fingers' trajectories and comparing with our collected gestures dataset. In this paper, four types of descriptors are defined for a dynamic gesture. Each descriptor includes different number of features, which compose a feature vector with 135 dimensions. Different classification algorithms (e.g. KNN, LDA, Naïve Bayes and SVM) are applied to compare the detection results. The minimal misclassification error rate (MCR) reaches about 4% (i.e. Correct Recognition rate of 96%). Furthermore, we applied Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the number of features. With 30 dimensional features (principle components), LDA classifier can achieve about 0.09% misclassification error rate.

Maung, HM, Aramvith, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Region-of-interest based error resilient method for HEVC video transmission', 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Minh Dang, DN, Dang, HN, Vo, PL & Ngo, QT 1970, 'A Cooperative — Efficient — Reliable MAC protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks', 2015 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), 2015 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), IEEE.
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Movassaghi, S, Majidi, A, Smith, D, Abolhasan, M, Jamalipour, A & IEEE 1970, 'Exploiting Unknown Dynamics in Communications Amongst Coexisting Wireless Body Area Networks', 2015 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM), IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, San Diego, CA.
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Movassaghi, S, Majidi, A, Smith, DB, Abolhasan, M, Jamalipour, A & IEEE 1970, 'Self-Organization Amongst Multiple Co-existing Wireless Body Area Networks', 2015 IEEE 26TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR, AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PIMRC), IEEE International Symposium on Personal and Indoor Mobile Radio Conference, IEEE, Hong Kong, pp. 1323-1327.
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This paper presents a novel primitive for self-organization amongst multiple coexisting Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). It follows a biologically inspired approach based on the theory of pulse-coupled oscillators. Our proposal allows for coexisting WBANs to use delayed information from previous transmissions to adjust to a collision-free TDMA schedule amongst each other for future communications. Most importantly, it does not require a global coordinator as all nodes achieve synchronization in a completely self-organized manner. Simulation results show that our protocol achieves a significantly fast convergence time despite little information from its coexisting networks. Moreover, the proposed approach is shown to be robust to variations in channel conditions, density of sensor nodes within each network and the number of coexisting WBANs. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed protocol using the NS-2 simulator.

Nasir, AA, Ngo, DT, Tuan, HD & Durrani, S 1970, 'Iterative optimization for max-min SINR in dense small-cell multiuser MISO SWIPT system', 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 1392-1396.
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© 2015 IEEE. Considering a dense small-cell network with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), this work jointly designs transmit beamformers at the base stations (BSs) and receive power splitting ratios at the users (UEs). Our objectives is to maximize the minimum UE signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) under BS transmit power and UE minimum harvested energy constraints. This problem is highly nonconvex, for which semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation may even fail to locate a feasible solution. We propose an efficient spectral optimization method by expressing the rank-one constraints as a single reverse convex nonsmooth constraint and incorporating it in the optimization objective. The proposed algorithm practically achieves the theoretical bound given by SDP relaxation with almost similar complexity.

Nguyen, NP, Ngo, QH & Ha, QP 1970, 'Active control of an offshore container crane', 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS), 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS), IEEE, Busan, Korea, pp. 773-778.
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Open sea loading/unloading cargos provides a potential solution to tack the problem related with port construction, expansion and congestion. This process involves a crane attached to a mobile harbor (MH) which can dynamically handle container from a large container anchored in deep water. The control objective during the operation is to maintain the payload in the desired position in the presence of ocean waves. This paper presents a robust control strategy for trajectory tracking and sway suppression of an offshore container crane. A fuzzy sliding mode control law is proposed for that. Experimental results are provided to indicate the efficiency of the proposed control strategy.

Ni, W 1970, 'Minimized error propagation location method based on error estimation', SPIE Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering, SPIE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Dalian.
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Ni, W & Chen, W 1970, 'Dim Target Detection in Synthetic Aperture Radiometer Image Based on Wave Atom Transform', 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation (CSMA), 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation (CSMA), IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, HangZhou, ZheJiang,, pp. 202-204.
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Oduro, SD, Metia, S, Duc, H & Ha, QP 1970, 'Predicting Carbon Monoxide Emissions with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 32nd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Oulu, Finland, pp. 1-9.
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Emissions from motor vehicles need to be predicted fairly accurately to ensure an appropriate air quality management plan. This research work explores the use of a nonparametric regression algorithm known as the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) in comparison with the artificial neural networks (ANN) for the purpose of best approximation of the relationship between the input and output from datasets recorded from on-board measurement and dynamometer testings. The performance of the models was evaluated by comparing the MARS and ANN predictions to the measured data using several performance indices. The results are evaluated in terms of accuracy, flexibility and computational efficiency. While MARS are more computationally efficient to reach the final model ANN are slightly more accurate. The proposed techniques may be used to assist in a decision-making policy regarding urban air pollution.

Pradhan, S, Gay, V & Nepal, S 1970, 'Analysing and using subjective criteria to improve dental care recommendation systems', Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, AISEL, Singapore.
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Online reviews and rating sites are shaping industries as the users rely on recommendations given by former consumers and sharing opinions on the web. Dentistry has also been impacted by dental patients' reviews. This paper classifies trust-related information for dental care recommendations onto 4 categories: context, relationship, reputation and subjective criteria. It discusses each category and describes how they help focussing on trust when matching patients and dentists in brief. The paper then focuses on subjective criteria and presents the results of a survey aimed at showing trustrelated information emerged from subjective characteristics. Traits of personalities are used as subjective characteristics of patients and that of dentists are derived from the online patients' reviews. 580 Australian patients were surveyed to determine what factors affect their decision to find the trusted dentist. Subjective characteristics of dentists such as dentists' qualities and experienced dentists are considered the most important factors after location and cost. The most preferred dentists' qualities by almost all types of personalities are experienced, professional and quality of service. When the patients are further classified based on levels of fear, their preferences for dentists' qualities changed. Subjective qualities of both patients and dentists are important factors to improve the matching capability for the dental care recommendation systems.

Rafi, FHM, Hossain, J & Lu, J 1970, 'PV microgrid islanded operation analysis with the designed smart VSI', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 10TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, 10th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, NEW ZEALAND, Auckland, pp. 638-643.

Rafi, FHM, Hossain, J & Lu, J 1970, 'PV microgrid islanded operation analysis with the designed smart VSI', 2015 IEEE 10th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2015 IEEE 10th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE, pp. 632-637.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper analyses the islanded operations of the photovoltaic (PV) microgrid system with a designed smart voltage source inverter (VSI) for extreme and real life operations, for example, under random load variations, external severe faults, and stochastic radiation variations. The designed VSI for the PV system is modified to effectively supply the real and reactive powers both in grid-tied and islanded modes. In this proposed design, the VSI controller requires minimal modification for reference transfer from grid-tied to islanding mode and vice versa. The designed microgrid system is analyzed in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment and implemented in the real distribution network from Energex. The designed VSI shows robust fault recovery and faster oscillation damping even during islanded condition as well as transfers reference smoothly between operating modes without causing severe delays or disturbances in the distribution network.

Rafi, FHM, Hossain, MJ, Leskarac, D & Lu, J 1970, 'Reactive power management of a AC/DC microgrid system using a smart PV inverter', 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Denver, CO.
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Rafiei, A, Maali, Y, Abolhasan, M & Franklin, DR 1970, 'A geometrical sink-based cooperative coverage hole recovery strategy for WSNs.', ICSPCS, International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Cairns, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Unlike sporadic node failures, coverage holes emerging from multiple temporally-correlated node failures can severely affect quality of service in a network and put the integrity of entire wireless sensor networks at risk. Conventional topology control schemes addressing such undesirable topological changes have usually overlooked the status of participating nodes in the recovery process with respect to the deployed sink node(s) in the network. In this paper, a cooperative coverage hole recovery model is proposed which utilises the simple geometrical procedure of circle inversion. In this model, autonomous nodes consider their distances to the deployed sink node(s) in addition to their local status, while relocating towards the coverage holes. By defining suitable metrics, the performance of our proposed model performance is compared with a force-based approach.

Rahman, MS, Hossain, MJ & Lu, J 1970, 'Utilization of parked EV-ESS for power management in a grid-tied hybrid AC/DC microgrid', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA.
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Rahman, MS, Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR, Hossain, MJ & Oo, AMT 1970, 'Distributed multi-agent scheme to improve dynamic voltage stability of distribution networks', 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, a distributed multi-agent scheme is presented for reactive power management with renewable energy sources (RESs). The multi-agent system (MAS) framework is developed for distribution systems to improve the stability which is mostly dominated by voltage and the agents in this framework coordinate among themselves using online information and energy flow. In this paper, the agents basically perform two tasks- reactive power estimation and necessary control actions. The topology of distribution network is used to estimate the required reactive power for maintaining voltage stability where distributed static synchronous compensators (DSTATCOMs) are used to supply this reactive power. The DSTATCOM is controlled by using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller within the agent framework. The proposed scheme is further compared with the conventional approach to validate the simulation results.

Rahman, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Orchi, TF 1970, 'Distributed multi-agent scheme to enhance cyber security of smart power grids', 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Denver, CO.
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Rana, M, Hossain, B, Islam, R & Guo, YG 1970, 'Surface plasmon polariton propagation modeling for graphene parallel pair sheets using FDTD', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 179-180.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, a generalized approach of finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling using surface boundary condition is presented for analyzing the properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along straight and bent graphene parallel pairs. Incorporating intra-band conductivity into FDTD with perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition is used for SPP propagation modeling. Numerical results of straight and bent graphene parallel pairs for SPP propagation are provided to validate the proposed method.

Rana, M, Li, L & Su, S 1970, 'Distributed microgrid state estimation using smart grid communications', 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), IEEE, Brisbane Australia, pp. 1-5.
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© 2015 IEEE. Recently, the renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) have become more and more popular due to carbon-free energy sources and environment-friendly electricity generation. Due to the intermittent power generation patterns, the smart grid has a strong requisite for an efficient communication infrastructure to facilitate estimating the DER states. Different from the traditional methods of centralised state estimation, we propose a distributed approach to microgrid state estimation based on the concatenated coding structure. In this framework, the DER state is treated as a dynamic outer code and the recursive systematic convolutional code is seen as a concatenated inner code for protection and redundancy in the system states. Furthermore, this paper proposes a distributed state estimation method. The simulation results show that the proposed method can successfully estimate the DER states.

Rana, M, Li, L & Su, S 1970, 'Kalman filter based distributed state estimation with communication systems', 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), IEEE, Brisbane, pp. 1-6.
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The internet of things (IoT) has been a prevalent research topic in recent years in both academia and industry. The main idea of this framework is the integration of physical objects into a global information network. The vision of the IoT is to integrate and connect anything at any time and any place. For this reason, it is being applied in various areas such as power system monitoring, environment monitoring, network control system, smart health care, military, smart cities management and industry revolution. To achieve the goals, the fifth generation (5G) technology will be the potential infrastructure that will assist the visions of the IoT. This paper proposes a distributed approach for microgrid state estimation. First of all, the modelling of a microgrid is presented. The microgrid state-space model is linearized around the operating point, so that the proposed distributed state estimation using the IoT with 5G networks can be applied. Moreover, we peropose a wireless sensor network based communication network to sense, transmit and estimate the microgrid states. Furthermore, this technical note proposes a novel distributed state estimation method. At the end, the simulation results show that the proposed method can successfully estimate the DER states using the IoT with 5G networks.

Rana, M, Li, L & Su, S 1970, 'Kalman filter based microgrid state estimation and control using the IoT with 5G networks', 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-5.
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Given the significant concerns regarding carbon emissions from fossil fuels, global warming and energy crisis, the renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) are going to be integrated in smart grids, which will make the energy supply more reliable and decrease the cost and transmission losses. Unfortunately, one of the key technical challenges in power system planning, control and operation with DERs is the voltage regulation at the distribution level. This problem stimulates the deployment of smart sensors and actuators in smart grids so that the voltage regulation can be controlled at an accepted level. The observation from the multiple DERs information is transmitted to a control center via the internet of things (IoT) based fifth generation (5G) communication network. In other words, the proposed communication infrastructure provides an opportunity to address the voltage regulation challenge by offering the two-way communication links for microgrid state information collection, estimation and control. Based on this innovative communication infrastructure, we propose a least square based Kalman filter for state estimation and a feedback control method for voltage regulation of this intermittent and weather-dependent renewable power generation. Specifically, we propose to optimize the performance index by using semidefinite programming techniques in the context of smart grid applications. At the end, the efficacy of the developed approaches is demonstrated using the linear physical model of a microgrid incorporating DERs.

Roy, TK, Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Oo, AMT 1970, 'Nonlinear backstepping controller design for sharing active and reactive power in three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA.
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Saadat, A, Fang, G & Ni, W 1970, 'A Two-Tier Evolutionary Game Theoretic Approach to Dynamic Spectrum Sharing through Licensed Shared Access', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing (CIT/IUCC/DASC/PICOM), IEEE, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM, pp. 6-11.
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Saini, A, Gaur, MS, Laxmi, V & Nanda, P 1970, 'sandFOX', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, SIN '15: The 8th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, ACM, Sochi, Russia, pp. 20-27.
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© 2015 ACM. Browser functionalities can be widely extended by browser extensions. One of the key features that makes browser extensions so powerful is that they run with 'high' privi-leges. As a consequence, a vulnerable or malicious extension might expose browser, and operating system (OS) resources to possible attacks such as privilege escalation, information stealing, and session hijacking. The resources are referred as browser as well as OS components accessed through browser extension such as accessing information on the web appli-cation, executing arbitrary processes, and even access files from a host file system. This paper presents sandFOX (secure sandbox and iso-lated environment), a client-side browser policies for constructing sandbox environment. sandFOX allows the browser exten-sion to express fine-grained OS specific security policies that are enforced at runtime. In particular, our proposed policies provide the protection to OS resources (e.g., host file system, network and processes) from the browser attacks. We use Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) to tune OS and build a sandbox that helps in reducing potential damage from at-tacks on the OS resources. To show the practicality of sand-FOX in a range of settings, we compute the effectiveness of sandFOX for various browser attacks on OS resources. We also show that sandFOX enabled browser experiences low overhead on loading pages and utilizes negligible memory when running with sandbox environment.

Sheng, Z, Tuan, HD, Fang, Y, Tam, HHM & Sun, Y 1970, 'Data rate maximization based power allocation for OFDM System in a high-speed train environment', 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 265-269.
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© 2015 IEEE. The channels in a high-speed train (HST) environment are very quickly time-varying within an OFDM symbol so it is preferable to have their estimation and symbol detection to be simultaneously implemented. Time-varying characteristics of the channels also causes unavoidable inter-carrier interferences, which make both channel estimation and symbol detection doubly difficult. Considered in this paper is a power allocation between pilot symbols and data to maximize the sum symbol rate. The average channel complex gains are estimated and are used to obtain the basis expansion model (BEM) of the HST, upon which the data detection is based. The simulation results confirm the viability of our proposed algorithm.

Shi, Y, Tuan, HD, Su, SW & Tam, HHM 1970, 'Nonsmooth optimization for optimal power flow over transmission networks', 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 1141-1144.
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The optimal power flow (OPF) of a power transmission network is a NP-hard optimization problem with nonlinear equality and inequality constraints on the bus voltages. The existing nonlinear solvers often fail in yielding a feasible solution. Semi-definite relaxation (SDR) could provide an optimal solution only when the optimal solution of the relaxed semi-definite program (SDP) is of rank-one, which does not hold in general. Otherwise, the solution found by SDR is infeasible. Very recently, high-order semi-definite relaxation has been used to find the global optimal solution but such approach leads to an explosive growth of the variable dimension and so could be applied to test OPF with very small networks with 2, 3 and 5 buses, where there are only 2, 3 and 5 voltages variables. In this paper, we adapt our previously developed nonsmooth optimization algorithm to address this difficult OPF problem, which is an iterative process to generate a sequence of improved solution that converges to an optimal solution. Each its iteration calls a SDP of a moderate dimension. Preliminary simulations for difficult OPF problems of networks with a large number of buses are provided to show the efficiency of our approach.

Shrestha, S, Fang, G, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 1970, 'Medium Access Control Protocol to Address Hidden Terminals in MU-MIMO WLANs', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing (CIT/IUCC/DASC/PICOM), IEEE, Liverpool, UK, pp. 1638-1645.
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© 2015 IEEE. We exploit the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) resulting from the deployment of multiple antennas, both at the Access Points (APs) and the clients, to address the Hidden Terminal problem in Multi User (MU) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). This approach permits concurrent transmissions and is able to maintain a constant gain in network throughput in a Hidden Terminal scenario. We treat concurrent transmissions as an integral part of our design, so we adopt and extend the traditional Point Coordination Function (PCF) to manage them. Specifically, contention free period of the traditional PCF is used in uplink and downlink. In addition, based on DoF at APs, our MAC decides the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) of APs/Transmitters in contrast to many traditional approaches. Besides, our MAC runs a concurrent algorithm at APs which forms an important part for the calculation of precoding vectors (based on the Zeroforcing) in the Physical Layer (PHY). Additionally, a seamless channel sounding process is designed to support the ZF precoding at the PHY which has 98.67μs signaling overhead, lower than IEEE802.11ac. Simulation studies in a typical 6-antenna AP and client scenario show that our MAC provides a remarkable constant network throughput gain of 4-5 times in comparison to traditional RTS/CTS, and a lower signaling overhead than IEEE802.11ac. Besides, our simple fairness algorithm provides a fair share in the throughput among APs, with the Jain Fairness Index greater than 90%.

Shrestha, S, Fang, G, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 1970, 'Zeroforcing precoding based MAC design to address hidden terminals in MU-MIMO WLANs', 2015 22nd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), 2015 22nd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 283-288.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper focuses on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer design for an inevitable Hidden Terminal problem in Multi User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Specifically, our MAC design is supported by the precoding vectors obtained by Zeroforcing technique which are used to address the Hidden Terminals. An efficient channel sounding process is used by our MAC protocol to obtain the Channel State Information (CSI) from the desired and undesired clients which are used to calculate the precoding vectors at the transmitters (Access Points). Our MAC design then uses these precoding vectors in order to null interferences among the undesired clients to avoid collision of signals and to maintain the concurrent transmissions among the desired clients. The the parameters such as network capacity, signaling overheads and fairness are considered in the design. Our MAC layer design shows a slightly higher signaling overhead compared to RTS/CTS scheme. However, due to the concurrent transmissions after the handshaking process, the cost of singling overheads are compensated. The simulation study of our MAC layer design shows a remarkable constant network capacity gain of 4-5 times in comparison to traditional RTS/CTS. Moreover, the gain is irrespective to the available air-time.

Siwakoti, YP, Blaabjerg, F & Loh, PC 1970, 'Quasi Y-source boost DC-DC converter', 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe), 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe), IEEE, Geneva, Switzerland.
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© 2015 EPE Association and IEEE. A new topology called 'quasi-Y-source impedance network' is presented in this paper. It inherits all the advantages of the original Y-source network. In addition, the new topology draws continuous current from the source which is required for many renewable sources. It also has dc-current-blocking capacitors, which avoids saturation in the transformer core. Theoretical analysis and experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed converter.

Siwakoti, YP, Blaabjerg, F & Loh, PC 1970, 'Quasi-Y-source inverter', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Wollongong, Australia.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper introduces a new inverter topology called a 'quasi-Y-source inverter'. The proposed inverter inherits all the advantages of the original Y-source inverter. In addition, the new topology draws continuous current from the source which is required for many renewable sources. It also has dc-current-blocking capacitors, which avoids saturation in the transformer core. Simulations and experimental results have proved the validity of the proposed inverter.

Siwakoti, YP, Blaabjerg, F & Loh, PC 1970, 'Trans-inverse (Tx^&#x2212;1) high step-up DC-DC converter', 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Wollongong, Australia.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, a new magnetically coupled single-switch non-isolated dc-dc converter with a high voltage gain is proposed. The new topology utilizes a transformer to boost the output voltage. However, unlike other converter topologies with transformer or coupled magnetics, the voltage gain in the proposed topology is increased by reducing the turns ratio of the transformer. Hence the name Trans-inverse (Tx -1 ) is given to represent the inverse transformer principle of operation of the proposed converter. The new topology draws a continuous current from the source, which is required for many renewable sources. Further, the leakage energy of the transformer is recycled and transferred to the load using a passive regenerative snubber circuit. In addition, the new topology has dc-current-blocking capacitors, which avoids saturation in the transformer core. Simulation and experimental results have confirmed the validity of the proposed converter.

Smith, D, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 1970, 'A two channel, block-adaptive audio separation technique based upon time-frequency information', European Signal Processing Conference, European Signal Processing Conference, IEEE, Vienna, Austria, pp. 393-396.
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TIFROM [1, 2] is a two channel separation technique, which is well suited to separating audio signals, and in particular, dependent signals that fall outside the scope of conventional BSS applications [1]. One problem with TIFROM however, is degraded performance due to inconsistent estimation of the mixing system. To reduce these inconsistencies, we present a modified algorithm that incorporates k-means clustering [3] and normalised variance, improving upon TIFROM estimation results significantly. To improve TIFROM data efficiency we also include a weighting (running average) function for mixing column estimates. This transforms our modified algorithm into a block based adaptive algorithm with the ability to track a slowly time-varying mixture.

Soon, JL & Dah-Chuan Lu, D 1970, 'A simple open-circuit fault detection method for a fault-tolerant DC/DC converter', 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 98-103.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper presents a two-switch step-down converter topology with fault tolerant capability. The proposed fault detection method uses the source-to-ground voltage of the floating MOSFET to identify the fault. If an open-circuit fault on the MOSFET occurs, the source voltage will become zero. The micro-controller which detects the fault will activate an alternative path through another MOSFET to maintain converter output regulation. The redundancy concept which is applied to this topology uses the same output inductor and capacitor to operate the converter in buck mode during normal operation and in buck-boost mode after fault. Experimental results are reported to confirm the design and demonstrate the fault tolerant operation.

Stolar, MN, Lech, M & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Prediction of Emotional States in Parent-Adolescent Conversations using Non-Linear Autoregressive Neural Networks', 2015 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS), International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Cairns, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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This study investigates an application of nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) models to the prediction of the most likely time series of emotional state transitions of speakers engaged in dyadic conversations. While, previous methods analyzed each speaker in separation, the new approach proposes to couple both speakers into a nonlinear recursive predictive neural network system (NARX-NN). The NARX-NN system was tested and compared with its uncoupled version (NAR-NN). The tests were conducted using speech recordings from 63 parentchild dyads including 29 depressed and 34 non-depressed adolescent children, 14-18 years of age. The conversations were conducted on three different topics. The NARX-NN outperformed the NAR-NN method in all experimental scenarios and across all topics of conversation. Predictions of emotional states for depressed children led to higher accuracy than the predictions for non-depressed children. Modeling with class and/or speaker dependency improved the results compared to the class and/or speaker independent models.

Su, J, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Power allocation for distributed estimation in sensor networks with semi-orthogonal MAC', 2015 IEEE 14th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT), 2015 IEEE 14th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT), IEEE, St John's, pp. 151-155.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper is concerned with distributed estimation in a Gaussian sensor network under the semi-orthogonal multiple access channel (MAC). Under the total transmit power constraint, an improved power allocation scheme among sensors is investigated. In the semi-orthogonal MAC, since sensors are divided into groups, the issue of power allocation can be separated into two tasks: power allocation within each sensor group and power allocation among sensor groups. In this paper, both tasks are studied and solutions are provided. Simulation results show that the improved power allocation can provide much better average mean squared error (MSE) performance than equal power allocation, especially at low channel signal-to-noise ratio.

Su, SW, Tuan, HD, Chen, W, Nguyen, HT & Celler, BG 1970, 'Conditions for simultaneous decentralized integral controllability', 2015 Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2015, Australian Control Conference, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 144-147.
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This paper explores the designing of a decentralized integral controller to simultaneously ensure closed loop decentralized unconditional stability for a set of multi-variable models. If such a controller exists, then the set of models is considered as Simultaneously Decentralized Integral Controllable (SDIC). We provide an sufficient SDIC condition under which an approach is given to simultaneously achieve closed loop decentralized unconditional stability.

Sun, X, Luo, S, Zhu, J, Yang, Z & Li, F 1970, 'Modeling of a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor using adaptive weighted least square support vector machine', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Sun, XD, Luo, S, Chen, L, Yang, ZB, Chen, JF, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 1970, 'Modeling and finite element analysis of suspension force for a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 535-536.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper presents a suspension force modeling method for bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motors (BPMSMs) using Maxwell stress tensor method. By deducing the magnetic flux density of airgap in BPMSMs using magnetic circuit analytic approach, the suspension force model with rotor eccentricity is established. And then the suspension force of a surface-mounted BPMSM is computed by the finite element method. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method.

Taghizadeh, S, Hossain, MJ & Lu, J 1970, 'Bidirectional isolated vehice to grid (V2G) system: An optimized implementation and approach', 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), IEEE, Brisbane Convention Exhibition Ctr, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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Tam, HHM, Tuan, HD & Ngo, DT 1970, 'User association in small cell heterogeneous network with downlink sum rate', 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 123-127.
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This paper is concerned with the optimal association of user equipments (UEs) to the base stations, which are either a macro base station or pico base stations, for the sum rate utility in a cooperative heterogeneous network (HetNet). This is a nonconvex combinatorial problem. By recasting the problem as a d.c (difference of convex (d.c.)) program, the optimal association solution is sought by d.c iterations (DCI), each of which solves a simple convex quadratic problem over a convex set. Numerical simulation shows the efficiency of the proposed procedure in term of performance and computational time.

Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Wang, R, Tapson, J & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A neuromorphic hardware framework based on population coding', 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, Killarney, IRELAND.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD, Fitzgerald, AJ, Wallace, VP, Nguyen, TN & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Breast Cancer classification using extracted parameters from a terahertz dielectric model of human breast tissue', 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Milano, Italy, pp. 2804-2807.
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© 2015 IEEE. Our previous study proposed a dielectric model for human breast tissue and provided initial analysis of classification potential of the eight model parameters and their multiparameter combinations with the support vector machine (SVM). A combination of three model parameters could achieve a leave-one-out cross validation accuracy of 93.2%. However, the SVM approach fails to exploit the combinations of more than three model parameters for classification improvement. Thus, the Bayesian neural network (BNN) method is employed to overcome this problem based on its advantages of handling our small data and high complexity of the multiparamter combinations. The BNN successfully classifies the data using the combinations of four model parameters with an accuracy, estimated by leave-one-out cross validation, of 97.3%. Overall performance assessed by leaveone- out and repeated random-subsampling cross validations for all examined combinations is also remarkably improved by BNN. The results indicate the advance of BNN as compared to SVM in utilising the model parameters for detecting tumour from normal breast tissue.

Tu, C & Y Lee, JE 1970, 'Low Temperature Quality Factor Scaling of Laterally-vibrating AlN Piezoelectric-on-silicon Resonators', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 7-10.
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Usman, M, He, X, Xu, M & Lam, KM 1970, 'Survey of Error Concealment techniques: Research directions and open issues', 2015 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS), 2015 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS), IEEE, Cairns, pp. 233-238.
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Wang, H, Dutkiewicz, E, Fang, G & Mueck, MD 1970, 'An auction framework based on flexible transmit powers in the Licensed Shared Access Systems', 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Japan.
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Wang, H, Dutkiewicz, E, Fang, G & Mueck, MD 1970, 'Framework of joint auction and mixed graph for Licensed Shared Access systems', 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), IEEE, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 154-163.
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© 2015 IEEE. Licensed Shared Access offers an opportunity to further increase data rates in 5G networks. Considering that different commercial operators have no knowledge of each other, their base stations should be coordinated by a management entity to enable them to access the licensed shared spectrum without interference. An auction mechanism is often used as an efficient tool for resource allocation where rivalry is high. In this paper, we propose an on-line auction framework using a mixed graph due to the spatial reusability of spectrum. This proposed scheme allows each base station to make a concession by asking for a second shrinking interference-free area if its initial area overlaps some other base stations. We use a mixed graph to model the interference between them, because a mixed graph can quantify the interference much closer to the practical cases than an undirected graph does. We also propose to take the bid comparison into account when grouping the independent nodes in the interference graph. These two feathers together make the spectrum spatial efficiency improved, which leads to a higher revenue and a better buyer satisfaction.

Wang, H, Dutkiewicz, E, Fang, G & Mueck, MD 1970, 'Spectrum Sharing Based on Truthful Auction in Licensed Shared Access Systems', 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall), 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), IEEE, USA.
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© 2015 IEEE. The explosion of different types of wireless communications is leading to an impending spectrum famine. As a result, spectrum sharing has gained increasing interest from governments, industry and regulators, such as FCC in US and CEPT in Europe. Licensed Shared Access (LSA), developed by CEPT and ETSI, is a concept for an efficient use of current spectrum resources to enable keeping pace with increasing mobile data usage demands. In this paper, we present a truthful auction mechanism for spectrum sharing based on the LSA concept. This proposal is to allocate Incumbents' idle spectrum to Licensee Access Points from different operators for the purpose of commerce. We give insights into spectrum allocation methods based on auction mechanisms to obtain high revenue to attract Incumbents to join in the LSA architecture and operators to offload data from primary spectrum band. The proposed LSA Auction (LSAA) mechanism combines independent set selection by bidding and an elaborately designed group bid called Rank-bid, which further improves the revenue compared to related allocation methods. Our simulation results show that LSAA results in enhanced performance for Incumbent revenue and Licensee satisfaction.

Wang, R, Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A compact a VLSI conductance-based silicon neuron', 2015 IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (BIOCAS), 11th IEEE Annual Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE, GA, Atlanta, pp. 442-445.

Wang, R, Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A compact aVLSI conductance-based silicon neuron', 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE.
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© 2015 IEEE. We present an analogue Very Large Scale Integration (aVLSI) implementation that uses first-order low-pass filters to implement a conductance-based silicon neuron for high-speed neuromorphic systems. The aVLSI neuron consists of a soma (cell body) and a single synapse, which is capable of linearly summing both the excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (EPSP and IPSP) generated by the spikes arriving from different sources. Rather than biasing the silicon neuron with different parameters for different spiking patterns, as is typically done, we provide digital control signals, generated by an FPGA, to the silicon neuron to obtain different spiking behaviours. The proposed neuron is only ∼26.5 μm2 in the IBM 130nm process and thus can be integrated at very high density. Circuit simulations show that this neuron can emulate different spiking behaviours observed in biological neurons.

Wang, X, Xu, M & Pusatli, ÖT 1970, 'A Survey of Applying Machine Learning Techniques for Credit Rating: Existing Models and Open Issues', Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 S. Arik et al. (Eds.): ICONIP 2015, Part II, LNCS 9490, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer International Publishing, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 122-132.
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In recent years, machine learning techniques have been widely applied for credit rating. To make a rational comparison of performance of different learning-based credit rating models, we focused on those models that are constructed and validated on the two mostly used Australian and German credit approval data sets. Based on a systematic review of literatures, we further compare and discuss about the performance of existing models. In addition, we identified and illustrated the limitations of existing works and discuss about some open issues that could benefit future research in this area.

Wang, Y, Zhang, J, Liu, Z, Wu, Q, Chou, P, Zhang, Z & Jia, Y 1970, 'Completed Dense Scene Flow in RGB-D Space', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Springer International Publishing, Singapore, pp. 191-205.
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© 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. Conventional scene flow containing only translational vectors is not able to model 3D motion with rotation properly. Moreover, the accuracy of 3D motion estimation is restricted by several challenges such as large displacement, noise, and missing data (caused by sensing techniques or occlusion). In terms of solution, there are two kinds of approaches: local approaches and global approaches. However, local approaches can not generate smooth motion field, and global approaches is difficult to handle large displacement motion. In this paper, a completed dense scene flow framework is proposed, which models both rotation and translation for general motion estimation. It combines both a local method and a global method considering their complementary characteristics to handle large displacement motion and enforce smoothness respectively. The proposed framework is applied on the RGB-D image space where the computation efficiency is further improved. According to the quantitative evaluation based on Middlebury dataset, our method outperforms other published methods. The improved performance is further confirmed on the real data acquired by Kinect sensor.

Wazirali, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Perceptual threshold in DWT for optimum embedding rate in data hiding using HVS and GA', 2015 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), 2015 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), IEEE, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-8.
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Steganography is the process of concealing data to protect the carrier file data from intruders. One of the main challenges of steganography is to maintain optimum visual quality while increasing hiding capacity. This can be resolved by incorporating the human visual systems weaknesses in steganography, which results in a good quality of the algorithm. Additionally, steganography is considered as an optimization problem to obtain optimum embedding rate. For this reason, this paper presents a novel method aimed towards a selection of perceptual embedding threshold in Discrete Wavelet Transform using human visual system characteristics and Genetic Algorithm. This method included an introduction of an optimization model by maintaining a correlation between neighboring areas of the image and the different parts of the object. The results of the experiment involving a variety of two thousand images show the differences between the various methods and the HVS in relation to accuracy. Furthermore, higher levels of detectability and comprehensiveness were seen. Lastly, the method has a high tendency to maintain image quality as well as the transparency when subjected to steganography.

Wazirali, R, Chaczko, Z & Carrion, L 1970, 'Bio-informatics with Genetic Steganography Technique', Proceedings of Computational Intelligence and Efficiency in Engineering Systems, Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering (APCASE), Springer International Publishing, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 333-345.
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Biological systems have been a rich source of stimulation for computer security specialists. A wide number of approaches have been proposed over the last decade for encoding data using deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA), giving rise to the developing area of DNA data hiding. In this work, a new data hiding technique based upon DNA characteristic have been developed. DNA matrix has been used to represent the secret message. After that DNA matrix converted to Quick Response (QR) representation that offers a broad scope of practical usage. In addition, the paper provides an idea of choosing the optimal locations of the QR in order to obtain rightmost position. A new system based on the genetic algorithm has been developed. Finally, we embed the QR codes into the most appropriate location by applying the Haar Wavelet technique on the resulting DNA signals and LSB with assist of the GA in order to reduce the error between the cover image and the stego image. Experimental results have presented a high PSNR which indicate a high level of quality in stego-image with high capacity.

Wazirali, R, Slehat, S, Chaczko, Z, Borowik, G & Carrion, L 1970, 'Objective Quality Metrics in Correlation with Subjective Quality Metrics for Steganography', 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering, 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer-Aided System Engineering (APCASE), IEEE, Quito, Ecuador, pp. 238-245.
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© 2015 IEEE. The main goal of hiding data is to conceal the very existence of the hidden information, therefore there is a significant demand for steganographic approaches that can ensure imperceptibility of such infromation. However, there is a limited corresponding evaluation parameters available. Most of the studies use the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) as a metric for imperceptibility evaluation, although it could provide less accurate results than the Human Visual System (HVS) evaluation. This paper provides a review of the existent evaluation metrics that are used to assess the quality of steganography. The examination of the correlation between the existing objective and subjective metrics is also conducted. Pixel differences metrics have a poor correlation with the subjective metrics, hence the HSV based metrics have better correlation than pixel metrics.

Woolford, S & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Multiview 3D Profilometry Using Resonance Based Decomposition And 3-Phase Shift Profilometry', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2014, International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Singapore, SINGAPORE.
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Wu, M & Lu, DDC 1970, 'Investigation on active method for stabilization of LC input filter and DC/DC buck converter under voltage mode control', 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 721-726.
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© 2015 IEEE. The switching mode power electronic converter with feedback loop control functions as a constant power load (CPL). CPLs have negative input impedance which may cause system instability. Both passive and active stabilization methods can solve this problem. However, active stabilization methods are more power efficient. Several active stabilization methods have been proposed for DC/AC inverter based CPLs. However, active stabilization methods for DC/DC converter based CPLs under voltage mode control have received little attention. In this paper, an active method is proposed for stabilization of DC/DC converter in voltage mode control. A systematic investigation on this active method is carried out. In the active method, a feedforward loop is designed and fed to the voltage control loop of the DC/DC converter. This feedforward loop is a combination of a bandpass filter and a proportional gain. This feedforward loop can create a virtual resistor and a virtual capacitor in parallel with the CPL. And this virtual circuit can modify the negative input impedance of the CPL to satisfy the impedance criterion. Experimental results are reported to verify the analysis and the effectiveness of the active method.

Xie, K, Fu, K, Zhou, T, Yang, J, Wu, Q & He, X 1970, 'Small target detection using an optimization-based filter', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, South Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1583-1587.
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© 2015 IEEE. Small target detection is a critical problem in the Infrared Search And Track (IRST) system. Although it has been studied for years, there are some challenges remained, e.g. cloud edges and horizontal lines are likely to cause false alarms. This paper proposes a novel method using an optimization-based filter to detect infrared small target in heavy clutter. First, we design a certain pixel area as active area. Second, a weighted quadratic cost function is performed in the active area. Finally, a filter based on statistics of active area is derived from the cost function. Our method could preserve heterogeneous area, meanwhile, remove target region. Experimental results show our method achieves satisfied performance in heavy clutter.

Xu, W, Duan, N, Wang, S, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Current distribution analysis for a multilayer high-Tc superconducting cable considering magnetic hysteresis', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Xu, W, Miao, Z, Zhang, J & Tian, Y 1970, 'Learning Spatio-Temporal Features for Action Recognition with Modified Hidden Conditional Random Field', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer International Publishing, Zurich; Switzerland, pp. 786-801.
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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. Previous work on human action analysis mainly focuses on designing hand-crafted local features and combining their context information. In this paper, we propose using supervised feature learning as a way to learn spatio- temporal features. More specifically, a modified hidden conditional random field is applied to learn two high-level features conditioned on a certain action label. Among them, the individual features can describe the appearance of local parts and the interaction features can capture their spatial constraints. In order to make the best of what have been learned, a new categorization model is proposed for action matching. It is inspired by the Deformable Part Model and the intuition is that actions can be modeled by local features in a changeable spatial and temporal dependency. Experimental result shows that our algorithm can successfully recognize human actions with high accuracies both on the simple atomic action database (KTH and Weizmann) and complex interaction activity database (CASIA).

Xu, W, Wang, ZY, Lei, G & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Multi-layer windings effect on performance of flux-switching permanent magnet machines', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 72-73.
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Xu, WJ, Duan, NN, Wang, SH, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Modeling the stress dependence of magnetic hysteresis based on Stoner-Wohlfarth theory', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 378-379.
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© 2015 IEEE.This paper presents an improved approach for simulating magnetic hysteresis, which takes into account the effect of applied stress, based on an extended Stoner-Wohlfarth (S-W) model. Meanwhile, the S-W asteroid rotates and shrinks, and the stable direction of magnetization of the particle can be calculated from the new energy minimum conditions. This developed model is applied to analyze the magnetic hysteresis phenomenon of a soft magnetic composite (SMC) material under different compaction process, and the results of simulations are in good quantitative agreement with experimental data.

Xu, WJ, Duan, NN, Wang, SH, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Two-dimensional elemental operator for modeling the vectorial hysteresis of soft magnetic composite material', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 374-375.
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© 2015 IEEE.This paper presents a two-dimensional elemental operator with biaxial anisotropy based on the physical mechanisms of the cubic textured magnetic materials, and deduces an analytical expression of the direct relationship between magnetic field strength H and magnetization M for a single elemental operator by the partial approximate substitutions. To verify the proposed model, the magnetic hysteresis of a soft magnetic composite material SOMALOYTM 500 under alternating excitations was simulated and compared with the experimental results obtained by a 3D magnetic property tester. The results suggest that the proposed approach can be a useful tool in the modeling of vectorial magnetic hysteresis and the calculation of iron loss in practical engineering electromagnetic field analysis.

Xu, Y, Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Wang, R & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A reconfigurable mixed-signal implementation of a neuromorphic ADC', 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE.
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© 2015 IEEE. We present a neuromorphic Analogue-To-Digital Converter (ADC), which uses integrate-And-fire (I&F) neurons as the encoders of the analogue signal, with modulated inhibitions to decohere the neuronal spikes trains. The architecture consists of an analogue chip and a control module. The analogue chip comprises two scan chains and a two-dimensional integrate-And-fire neuronal array. Individual neurons are accessed via the chains one by one without any encoder decoder or arbiter. The control module is implemented on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which sends scan enable signals to the scan chains and controls the inhibition for individual neurons. Since the control module is implemented on an FPGA, it can be easily reconfigured. Additionally, we propose a pulse width modulation methodology for the lateral inhibition, which makes use of different pulse widths indicating different strengths of inhibition for each individual neuron to decohere neuronal spikes. Software simulations in this paper tested the robustness of the proposed ADC architecture to fixed random noise. A circuit simulation using ten neurons shows the performance and the feasibility of the architecture.

Xu, Y, Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Wang, R & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A Reconfigurable Mixed-signal Implementation of a Neuromorphic ADC', 2015 IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (BIOCAS), 11th IEEE Annual Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE, GA, Atlanta, pp. 519-522.

Xuan, J, Lu, J, Zhang, G, Xu, RYD & Luo, X 1970, 'Infinite Author Topic Model based on Mixed Gamma-Negative Binomial Process', 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING (ICDM), IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, IEEE, Atlantic City, USA, pp. 489-498.
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© 2015 IEEE. Incorporating the side information of text corpus, i.e., authors, time stamps, and emotional tags, into the traditionaltext mining models has gained significant interests in the area of information retrieval, statistical natural language processing, andmachine learning. One branch of these works is the so-called Author Topic Model (ATM), which incorporates the authors'sinterests as side information into the classical topic model. However, the existing ATM needs to predefine the number of topics, which is difficult and inappropriate in many real-world settings. In this paper, we propose an Infinite Author Topic (IAT) modelto resolve this issue. Instead of assigning a discrete probability on fixed number of topics, we use a stochastic process to determinethe number of topics from the data itself. To be specific, we extend a gamma-negative binomial process to three levels in orderto capture the author-document-keyword hierarchical structure. Furthermore, each document is assigned a mixed gamma processthat accounts for the multi-author's contribution towards this document. An efficient Gibbs sampling inference algorithm witheach conditional distribution being closed-form is developed for the IAT model. Experiments on several real-world datasets showthe capabilities of our IAT model to learn the hidden topics, authors' interests on these topics and the number of topicssimultaneously.

Yang, Y & Ni, W 1970, 'An intelligent distributed antenna system for indoor LTE wireless network', SPIE Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering, SPIE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Dalian.
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Yu, Y, Konstantinou, G, Townsend, CD, Aguilera, RP, Hredzak, B & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'Delta-connected cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic converters', IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 2229-2234.
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© 2015 IEEE.Multilevel cascaded H-bridge converters are becoming popular for next generation large-scale photovoltaic power converters. However, the power generation levels in the three phases can be significantly unequal, especially in a large plant, owing to the non-uniform irradiance levels and/or ambient temperatures. This paper proposes the delta-connected cascaded H-bridge converter for large-scale photovoltaic farms. Compared to the existing star connection, the delta connection reduces the converter overrating required. Experimental results obtained from a 430 V, 10 kW, three-phase, seven-level, delta connected cascaded H-bridge converter prototype are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the delta connection.

Yuan, D, Wang, S, Zhang, H, Tao, X, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'The harmonic suppression characteristic analysis of phase-shifting reactor in rectifying system', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Zha, X, Ni, W, Liu, RP, Zheng, K & Niu, X 1970, 'Secure Data Transmission and Modelling in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks', 2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), IEEE, San Diego, CA.
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© 2015 IEEE. Data security is crucial to safety-related vehicular applications. Critical challenges of unstable topologies and the collisions of uncoordinated data transmissions arise, due to the mobile and distributed nature of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). We propose a new secure transmission protocol for VANETs, where the transmitter can adaptively switch between backing off transmissions to alleviate collisions, as well as changing keys, to increase success rate with matched keys. We also develop a new 3-dimensional (3-D) Markov model to characterize the protocol. Security analyses are carried out. Interesting insights and useful guidelines to adequately distribute keys among mobile vehicular nodes are also provided.

Zhang, F, Li, J, Li, F, Xu, M, Xu, RYD & He, X 1970, 'Community Detection Based on Links and Node Features in Social Networks.', MMM (1), International Conference on Multimedia Modelling, Springer, Sydney, Australia, pp. 418-429.
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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. Community detection is a significant but challenging task in the field of social network analysis. Many effective methods have been proposed to solve this problem. However, most of them are mainly based on the topological structure or node attributes. In this paper, based on SPAEM [1], we propose a joint probabilistic model to detect community which combines node attributes and topological structure. In our model, we create a novel feature-based weighted network, within which each edge weight is represented by the node feature similarity between two nodes at the end of the edge. Then we fuse the original network and the created network with a parameter and employ expectation-maximization algorithm (EM) to identify a community. Experiments on a diverse set of data, collected from Facebook and Twitter, demonstrate that our algorithm has achieved promising results compared with other algorithms.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Bi-alternating direction method of multipliers over graphs', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 3571-3575.
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In this paper, we extend the bi-alternating direction method of multipliers (BiADMM) designed on a graph of two nodes to a graph of multiple nodes. In particular, we optimize a sum of convex functions defined over a general graph, where every edge carries a linear equality constraint. In designing the new algorithm, an augmented primal-dual Lagrangian function is carefully constructed which naturally captures the associated graph topology. We show that under both the synchronous and asynchronous updating schemes, the extended BiADMM has the convergence rate of O(1/K) (where K denotes the iteration index) for general closed, proper and convex functions. As an example, we apply the new algorithm for distributed averaging. Experimental results show that the new algorithm remarkably outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

Zhang, H, Wang, S, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Double-ladder circuit model of transformer windings for frequency response analysis considering frequency-dependent losses', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Zhang, J, Dorrell, DG, Li, L, Argha, A & IEEE 1970, 'A Novel Sliding Mode Controller for DC-DC Boost Converters under Input/Load Variations', IECON 2015 - 41ST ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 1698-1703.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper a simple sliding mode controller based on the averaging state space model is proposed for a DC-DC boost converter. It is demonstrated to be easily implemented and has time-variant sliding coefficients. The proposed controller can effectively regulate the output voltage by controlling the switch states (through the dynamic duty cycles) even when the input voltage, load or output command varies. Furthermore the controller is independent of the inductor current and the load, although the load value is needed when designing the sliding coefficients. The constant switching frequency is maintained thus simplifying the design procedure, enhancing the regulation properties and benefiting the filter design. The controller has good dynamic response, overshoot damping and robustness. Comparative simulations are carried in MATLAB/Simulink between the proposed approach and a widely used PID controller to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Adaptive searching and tracking algorithm for AoA estimation in localized hybrid array', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW), 2015 ICC - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), IEEE, London, UK, pp. 1095-1100.
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© 2015 IEEE. Angle-of-Arrival estimation in localized hybrid array is very challenging due to the phase ambiguity problem. A differential beam searching (DBS) algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. However, it converges slowly and suffers from a zigzag effect where estimates may jump between correct and wrong estimates. In this paper, we first propose an improved DBS algorithm to mitigate the zigzag effect. We then analyze the error sources for general DBS algorithms, and propose a new adaptive searching and tracking (AST) algorithm. By using carefully designed updating functions and exit conditions, the proposed AST algorithm allows automatic switching between searching and tracking modes, and can significantly speed up estimation process and reduce estimation error. Numerical results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

Zhang, L, Hu, X, Su, S, Dorrell, DG & IEEE 1970, 'Robust State-of-Charge Estimation of Ultracapacitors for Electric Vehicles', PROCEEDINGS 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS (INDIN), IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), IEEE, Cambridge, UK, pp. 1296-1301.
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© 2015 IEEE. Ultracapacitors (UCs) are an important energy storage technology in automotive and grid applications. They have several advantages, including high power density and extraordinarily long lifespan. Accurate State-of-Charge (SOC) tracking of UCs is critical for the reliability, resilience, and safety in system operation. This paper presents a novel robust H infinity observer in order to realize the SOC estimation of a UC in real time. It is computationally efficient because the observer gain involved in the real-time computation can be readily synthesized offline. In comparison to state-of-the-art Kalman filtering (KF), the developed robust scheme can ensure high estimation accuracy even without prior knowledge of the process and noise measurement statistical properties. More significantly, the H infinity observer proves to be more robust and tolerant to modeling uncertainties arising from the change of operating conditions and/or cell health status. These benefits are experimentally verified.

Zhang, N, Wang, S, Chen, X, Shi, Q, Li, J, Zhu, J, Yang, B & Guo, Y 1970, 'Study on neural regeneration effect of rat by using pulsed functional magnetic stimulation', 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), IEEE.
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© 2015 IEEE. In the last decades the electrical stimulation therapy has played an important role for neural regeneration. However, the amplitude of electric shocks will be decayed greatly after penetrating into biological tissues. The patient will also suffer from the skin injury caused by electrodes. Recent years, the positive effect of magnetic stimulation on neuronal growth has been studied for several years. A. Rusovan et al. studied the effect of sinusoidal magnetic field stimulation on regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve between a pair of Helmholtz coils to a 50 Hz magnetic field of 0.4 mT. The results showed that the field enhanced the regeneration velocity [1]. In this research, the stimulation coil has been designed by FEM calculation first. Then a prototype of a pulsed magnetic field stimulation system is realized. With this stimulation system, a simulation model was established to calculate the distribution of the electromagnetic field induced by stimulation coil. The biological experiments based on SD rats are conducted.

Zhang, T, Xu, L, Yang, J, Shi, P & Jia, W 1970, 'Sparse coding-based spatiotemporal saliency for action recognition', 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE, Quebec City, Canada, pp. 2045-2049.
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© 2015 IEEE. In this paper, we address the problem of human action recognition by representing image sequences as a sparse collection of patch-level spatiotemporal events that are salient in both space and time domain. Our method uses a multi-scale volumetric representation of video and adaptively selects an optimal space-time scale under which the saliency of a patch is most significant. The input image sequences are first partitioned into non-overlapping patches. Then, each patch is represented by a vector of coefficients that can linearly reconstruct the patch from a learned dictionary of basis patches. We propose to measure the spatiotemporal saliency of patches using Shannon's self-information entropy, where a patch's saliency is determined by information variation in the contents of the patch's spatiotemporal neighborhood. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Zhang, T, Zhou, C & Su, S 1970, 'Design and development of bio-inspired flapping wing aerial vehicles', 2015 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Systems (ARIS), 2015 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Systems (ARIS), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-6.
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This paper introduces the design and development process of a flapping wing air vehicle (FWAV) and the modified Silver-Gull inspired flapping wing air vehicle (SGFWAV). The selection of the flapping mechanism, power source, material and the associated manufacturing methods are discussed. Free flight test showed that the flapping of the wings were unstable due to the configuration of the flapping mechanism. A modified flapping mechanism is applied on the SGFWAV. The mathematical model of the SGFWAV is established and initial flight simulation indicates that the tail's motion generate additional aerodynamic lift and propulsive forces for the SGFWAV.

Zhang, Y, Peng, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Efficient model predictive power control for three-level AC/DC converters', 2015 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2015 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Thailand, pp. 2127-2133.
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© 2015 IEEE. Conventional model predictive power control (C-MPPC) requires a large amount of calculations, which is an obstacle for its application, especially in the multilevel converters. To solve this problem, this paper presents an efficient MPPC (E-MPPC) for three-level AC/DC converters by eliminating the complicated power predictions. As a result, the execute time and computational burden are reduced significantly while the control performance is not affected. Furthermore, the suppression of neutral point potential fluctuation and avoidance of high voltage jumps are also taken into account. A comparative study of the proposed E-MPPC and prior C-MPPC are presented in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulation and experimental results.

Zhao, J, Iu, HHC, Fernando, T, An, L & Dah-Chuan Lu, D 1970, 'Design of a non-isolated single-switch three-port DC-DC converter for standalone PV-battery power system', 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 2493-2496.
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© 2015 IEEE. This paper proposes a design of a single-switch non-isolated three-port converter for a standalone photovoltaic (PV) power system with energy storage. The three-port converter is obtained by combining the switches of two conventional cascaded DC-DC converters. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) are utilized to regulate the two converters respectively. The proposed design reduces the components and the size of the converter and maximizes the number of control variables. Then, the topology of the proposed converter is analyzed with its operation modes. Finally, simulation and experimental results are given to verify the proposed design.

Zhao, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, W, Li, W & Zhang, J 1970, 'Decorrelation-stretch based cloud detection for total sky images', 2015 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), 2015 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), IEEE, Singapore.
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© 2015 IEEE. Cloud detection plays an important role in total-sky images based solar forecasting and has received more attention in recent years. Accurate cloud detection for complicated total-sky images is especially changeling due to the low contrast and vague boundaries between cloud and sky regions. Unlike the existing cloud detection method without any preprocessing, one novel decorrelation-stretch (DS) based method is proposed in this work, where the total-sky images are preprocessed using the DS algorithm firstly. With this enhancement, color feature disparity of cloud and sky can be intensified notably, and then a more accurate threshold can be obtained by applying the Minimum Cross Entropy (MCE) to the preprocessed image. Experimental results demonstrated the proposed scheme achieves better performance than the existing cloud detection methods on total-sky images, especially for images with low contrast or vague boundaries between cloud and sky regions.

Zhou, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Fang, G & Liu, Y 1970, 'Target allocation of WSN based on Parallel Chaotic Elite Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm', 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2015 15th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Nara Kasugano Int Forum IRAKA, Nara, JAPAN, pp. 287-290.
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© 2015 IEEE. The target allocation problem is one of the important challenges in WSNs as sensor nodes have limited sensing and communication capabilities. In the target allocation problem, a set of targets is selected for each sensor to improve the monitoring quality as well as the energy efficiency. However, the target allocation problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, and the computational complexity is too high to consider all combinations for practical implementation. In this paper, we propose a novel Parallel Chaotic Elite Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (PCEQEA) for target allocation problem in WSNs. The PCEQEA combines the advantages of elite genetic algorithm and quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm. It achieves high parallel search performance and fast convergence to global optimum solution. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed PCEQEA improves WSN detection coverage by detecting more targets than other existing schemes.

Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'AlN piezoelectric on silicon MEMS resonator with boosted Q using planar patterned phononic crystals on anchors', 2015 28th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2015 28th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), IEEE.
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Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Design of Phononic Crystal Tethers for Frequency-selective Quality Factor Enhancement in AlN Piezoelectric-on-silicon Resonators', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 516-519.
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Bargi, A, Xu, RYD & Piccardi, M 2015, 'An Adaptive Online HDP-HMM for Segmentation and Classification of Sequential Data'.

Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Lyon, RF & Schaik, AV 2015, 'FPGA Implementation of the CAR Model of the Cochlea'.

Thakur, CS, Wang, R, Afshar, S, Cohen, G, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & Schaik, AV 2015, 'An Online Learning Algorithm for Neuromorphic Hardware Implementation'.

Thakur, CS, Wang, R, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & Schaik, AV 2015, 'A Trainable Neuromorphic Integrated Circuit that Exploits Device Mismatch'.

Wang, R, Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & Schaik, AV 2015, 'A compact aVLSI conductance-based silicon neuron'.

Wang, R, Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & Schaik, AV 2015, 'A neuromorphic hardware architecture using the Neural Engineering Framework for pattern recognition'.

Xu, Y, Thakur, CS, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Wang, R & Schaik, AV 2015, 'A Reconfigurable Mixed-signal Implementation of a Neuromorphic ADC'.

Ye, T, Veitch, D & Bolot, JC 2015, 'Encrypting a data transmission using multiple channels'.