Publications

Hoang, DT, Niyato, D, Kim, DI, Huynh, NV & Gong, S 2020, Ambient Backscatter Communication Networks, Cambridge University Press.
View description>>

This is an essential tool for graduate students, researchers, engineers, developers, and entrepreneurs.

Hoang, DT, Niyato, D, Kim, DI, Huynh, NV & Gong, S 2020, Ambient Backscatter Communication Networks, Cambridge University Press.
View description>>

Understand fundamental principles of ambient backscatter technology and their diverse potential applications with this authoritative review.

Ajayan, AR, Al-Doghman, F & Chaczko, Z 2020, 'Tensor Decompositions in Multimodal Big Data: Studying Multiway Behavioral Patterns' in Klempous, R & Nikodem, J (eds), Smart Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 104-118.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Preset day cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the confluence of very large data sets, tight time constraints, and heterogeneous hardware units, ridden with latency and volume constraints, demanding newer analytic perspectives. Their system logistics can be well-defined by the data-streams’ behavioural trends across various modalities, without numerical restrictions, favouring resource-saving over methods of investigating individual component features and operations. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how behaviour patterns and related anomalies comprehensively define a CPS. Tensor decompositions are hypothesized as the solution in the context of multimodal smart-grid-originated Big Data analysis. Tensorial data representation is demonstrated to capture the complex knowledge encompassed in these data flows. The uniqueness of this approach is highlighted in the modified multiway anomaly patterns models. In addition, higher-order data preparation schemes, design and implementation of tensorial frameworks and experimental-analysis are final outcomes.

Al-Doghman, F, Chaczko, Z & Ajayan, AR 2020, 'Policy-Based Consensus Data Aggregation for the Internet of Things' in Klempous, R & Nikodem, J (eds), Smart Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 119-130.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The new trend of the Internet of Things brings a whole breed of opportunities and applications. Within it, a massive amount of data coming from heterogeneous sources travel in a bidirectional way. Data aggregation is one of the most efficient ways to mitigate Big Data. However, using one type of aggregation within a network at all times is not an optimal option. Various network situations require different aggregation functions at different times. We introduce a policy-based data aggregation framework that can handle this issue by referring to a policy when executing the aggregation strategy. An agreement process is used to reach consensus about the aggregation function that is to be applied on the network (or part of it) at a specific time. Participants are to negotiate the policy terms based on the current network status and the nature of the coming requests. The framework represents a promising scope for fully automated IoT.

Baby Jephil, P, Acharaya, P, Xu, L, Guo, K, Yu, H, Watsford, M, Rong, S & Su, S 2020, 'Estimation of Ankle Joint Torque and Angle Based on S-EMG Signal for Assistive Rehabilitation Robots' in Naik, G (ed), Series in BioEngineering, Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 31-47.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Surface Electromyography (S-EMG) has shown the advantages of robotic rehabilitation. Robotic rehabilitation can be significantly improved if the intended body movement of the patients can be well identified. In this chapter, we first use the SVM classifier to identify the intended motion patterns, which are plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, by using three wireless EMG sensors placed at the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis muscles. To estimate the ankle joint torque as well as the joint angle for both plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, this chapter also develops nonlinear mathematical models for joint torque estimation and utilises Swarm Techniques to identify model parameters for each movement pattern of the ankle. During rehabilitation, once the intended motion is recognised, the activation functions extracted from an individual associated EMG channel can be used to estimate both the torque and angle by using the established nonlinear models. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Baù, M, Ferrari, M, Ferrari, V, Ali, A & Lee, JE-Y 2020, 'Automatic Compensation of Parallel Capacitance of TPoS MEMS Resonator for Accurate Frequency Tracking with PLL-Based Oscillator Circuit' in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Springer International Publishing, pp. 273-278.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C & Yu, Z 2020, 'Assessment of a Multi-agent RFID Platform for Industrial Logistic Operations' in Klempous, R & Nikodem, J (eds), Smart Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 166-182.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The paper examines the experimental implementation of multi-agent, omni-dimensional RFID technology for logistical and industrial operations. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the processes taken to test RFID under real-world industrial scenarios using a multi-agent analytical approach. The results obtained demonstrate the level of accuracy for an omni-directional versus agent-based optimized analytical approach, that is essential in conveying the performance in industrial logistic setups. Further work into the positioning and localization of multidimensional RFID inventory scanning for commercial setups is considered for future investigation.

Chaczko, Z, Sethi, H & Alsawwaf, M 2020, 'An Overview of Multi-layer Security System Using Biometrics' in Klempous, R & Nikodem, J (eds), Smart Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Springer International Publishing, Singapore, pp. 219-231.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

After years of research on biometrics, still the authentication and verification of a human being is at risk. Many challenges have been faced by the system to authenticate a human on the basis of their biometric trait. The design of this paper is such that it focuses on three main biometric techniques to extract the various features of a human body contour for authentication and verification purposes. This paper presents an approach towards voice recognition patterns, face geometry patterns and gait pattern analysis to increase the accuracy and precision of the system.

Guangsheng Yu, Xu Wang, Kan Yu, Wei Ni, Zhang, JA & Ren Ping Liu 2020, 'Scaling-out blockchains with sharding: an extensive survey' in Blockchains for Network Security: Principles, technologies and applications, Institution of Engineering and Technology, UK, pp. 225-270.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The blockchain technology, featured with its decentralized tamper -resistance based on a peer -to -peer (P2P) network, has been widely applied in financial applications and even further been extended to industrial applications. However, the weak scalability of traditional blockchain technology severely affects the wide adoption due to the well-known trilemma of decentralization-security-scalability in block chains. In regards to this issue, a number of solutions have been proposed, targeting to boost the scalability while preserving the decentralization and security. They range from modifying the on -chain data structure and consensus algorithms to adding the off -chain technologies. Therein, one of the most practical methods to achieve horizontal scalability along with the increasing network size is sharding, by partitioning network into multiple shards so that the overhead of duplicating communication, storage, and computation in each full node can be avoided. This chapter presents a survey focusing on sharding in Blockchains in a systematic and comprehensive way. We provide detailed comparison and evaluation of major sharding mechanisms, along with our insights analyzing the features and restrictions of the existing solutions. The remaining challenges and future research directions are also reviewed.

Huang, Y, Su, SW & Song, R 2020, 'Voluntary intention-driven rehabilitation robots for the upper limb' in Hu, X (ed), Intelligent Biomechatronics in Neurorehabilitation, Elsevier, UK, pp. 111-130.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Voluntary motion intention during rehabilitation is essential for patients with neurological motor disorders but who still have their own residual motor ability. The weight of the arm and limited involvement of the residual motor efforts might hinder movement performance because of patients' weak muscles. Two different kinds of control strategies are developed and applied by a cable-based upper limb rehabilitation robot for these reasons. A novel strategy for position-varying compensation of arm gravity is proposed for assisting patients whose residual motor ability is restricted by gravity. The robot can time-varyingly adjust the forces for compensating the gravity according to real-time position feedback. The performance of the strategy was assessed by recruiting seven healthy participants to track different movements in three-dimensional space. A natural integration for human–machine cooperation is built up using surface electromyography (sEMG) signals for revealing the voluntary motor intention of patients who still have their own residual motor ability. A model for continuously revealing the relationship between the sEMG signals and participants' voluntary forces is trained based on a linear state-space model. Ten healthy participants were recruited to track a rectilinear task with and without robot assistance. The results indicated that, with the proposed gravity compensation strategy, the robot might assist participants to perform higher-quality movements and improve their participation in movements. With the sEMG-based control strategy, the robot could provide appropriate assistance based on participants' voluntary motion and reveal their motor efforts. Overall, it is reasonable to choose different rehabilitation therapies for stroke patients with different motor statuses.

Lee, JE-Y 2020, 'Micro Electrometers Based on Micromachined Time-Modulated Variable Capacitors' in Micro and Nano Machined Electrometers, Springer Singapore, pp. 129-153.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Naik, G, Chai, R, Su, S, Rong, S & Nguyen, HT 2020, 'Comparison of Independence of Triceps Brachii and Biceps Brachii Between Paretic and Non-paretic Side During Different MVCs—A Case Study' in Series in BioEngineering, Springer Singapore, pp. 71-79.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Saputra, Y, Dinh, H, Nguyen, D, Dutkiewicz, E & Niyato, D 2020, 'Wireless Edge Caching for Mobile Social Networks' in Vu, T, Chatzinotas, S, Baştuğ, E & Quek, TQS (eds), Wireless Edge Caching, Cambridge University Press, UK, pp. 146-172.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Wireless edge caching for mobile social networks (MSNs) has emerged as one of the prospective solutions to provide reliable and low-latency communication services for mobile users on social networking. In this chapter, we first give an overview of MSNs, including their development and challenges. We then discuss mobile edge caching (MEC) paradigms to address emerging issues for MSNs, e.g., service delay, users’ experience, and economic efficiency. In addition to the advantages, the development of MEC networks also places some key challenges’ such as hierarchical architecture of MEC networks, proactive caching, privacy, and security issues. The framework can authenticate MSN users based on public-key cryptography and predict their content demands utilizing a matrix factorization method. Based on the prediction, an optimal content caching policy for an MEC node is presented to minimize the average latency of all MSN users under the MEC nodes’ storage capacity constraints. Furthermore, this framework provides an optimal business model to maximize the revenue for MSN service providers based on the demands of the MSN users and the obtained optimal caching policy.

Xu Wang, Xuan Zha, Guangsheng Yu, Wei Ni & Ren Ping Liu 2020, 'Blockchain for Internet of Things' in Blockchains for Network Security: Principles, technologies and applications, Institution of Engineering and Technology, UK, pp. 87-136.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is digitizing the physical world by connecting enormous and heterogeneous devices and unleashing great economic benefit. However, data privacy, security and trust issues in current solutions are seriously limiting the adoption of IoT applications. Blockchain, a decentralized and tamperresistant ledger, maintains consistent and immutable blocks of data at different servers and has the potential to tackle the security concerns in IoT applications. Inherent features in IoT, such as the massive IoT devices, heterogeneous IoT networks, limited battery, low computing power and communication bandwidth, make it hard to directly adopt blockchain technology in IoT application. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey on existing blockchain and IoT technologies and emphasizes on the challenges and limitation. Current studies, projects and designs on Blockchain-IoT systems are introduced and compared to illustrate the feasibility of the integration of blockchain and IoT. Blockchain technologies that can potentially address the critical challenges in IoT applications and suit the features of the same are identified with potential adaptations and enhancements elaborated on blockchain data structures, key blockchain technologies and consensus protocols. Future research directions of blockchain are collated for effective adoption in IoT applications.

Zappa, F, Villa, F, Lussana, R, Delic, D, Mau, MCJ, Redouté, J-M, Kennedy, S, Morrison, D, Yuce, M, Alan, T, Hamilton, T & Afshar, S 2020, 'Microelectronic 3D Imaging and Neuromorphic Recognition for Autonomous UAVs' in NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, Springer Netherlands, pp. 185-194.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, W, Chiu, C, Szymanski, J, Chaczko, Z, Su, S & Zhou, J 2020, 'Internet of Things Is Changing Teaching of Technical Subjects at UTS' in Klempous, R & Nikodem, J (eds), Smart Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 131-143.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The Internet of Things, involving the connection of intelligent devices (other than standard, already connected products such as computers and smartphones) to the Internet, is in the process of transforming numerous areas of lives. For many years, both academia and industry prepared the background theories and implementations for what is todays IoT, keeping changing and evolving. Students of universities, preparing to be the driving forces of innovation and progress have a very strong interest in IoT and related subjects. Teaching at universities, especially technical ones is strongly affected by the need to give students required background and show the direction for self study. In this paper we will provide a literature review to analyze how IoT inspired changes in teaching some technical subjects at University of Technology Sydney (UTS) by describing, the recent undertaken projects in this area, providing some case studies and drawing conclusions.

Abeywickrama, HV, He, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Jayawickrama, BA & Mueck, M 2020, 'A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Fair User Coverage Using UAV Mounted Base Stations Under Energy Constraints', IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, vol. 1, pp. 67-81.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Abuhilaleh, M, Li, L & Hossain, MJ 2020, 'Power management and control coordination strategy for autonomous hybrid microgrids', IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 119-130.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019. This study presents an improved power management and control coordination strategy for autonomous hybrid microgrids (MGs). The new strategy aims to reduce the continuous operation of interlinking converters (ILCs) under all load conditions, and thereby avoids the significant power loss on the ILCs that adversely affects the operational feasibility of the hybrid MGs. The hybrid MG considered in this study consists of multiple alternating current and direct current sub-microgrids (SMGs) with different voltage levels. The hierarchal coordination of power management and control strategy for autonomous hybrid MG is introduced and analysed. The designed system includes both the primary and secondary control levels to ensure a seamless and accurate transfer of power among the SMGs. A new technique to ensure the continuous power flow among the SMGs while minimising the continuous operation of the ILCs in the islanded mode is presented with a focus on the secondary control level. Five scenarios of transferring power among SMGs are analysed using MATLAB/Simulink. The results indicate that the system's high level of flexibility in managing the power flow at different control levels can be achieved by the proposed approach.

Afshar, S, Hamilton, TJ, Davis, L, Van Schaik, A & Delic, D 2020, 'Event-Based Processing of Single Photon Avalanche Diode Sensors', IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, no. 14, pp. 7677-7691.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2001-2012 IEEE. Single Photon Avalanche Diode sensor arrays operating in direct time of flight mode can perform 3D imaging using pulsed lasers. Operating at high frame rates, SPAD imagers typically generate large volumes of noisy and largely redundant spatio-temporal data. This results in communication bottlenecks and unnecessary data processing. In this work, we propose a neuromorphic processing solution to this problem. By processing the spatio-temporal patterns generated by the SPADs in a local, event-based manner, the proposed 128\times 128 pixel sensor-processor system reduces the size of output data from the sensor by orders of magnitude while increasing the utility of the output data in the context of challenging recognition tasks. To test the proposed system, the first large scale complex SPAD imaging dataset is captured using an existing 32\times 32 pixel sensor. The generated dataset consists of 24000 recordings and involves high-speed view-invariant recognition of airplanes with background clutter. The frame-based SPAD imaging dataset is converted via several alternative methods into event-based data streams and processed using the proposed 125\times 125 receptive field neuromorphic processor as well as a range of feature extractor networks and pooling methods. The output of the proposed event generation methods are then processed by an event-based feature extraction and classification system implemented in FPGA hardware. The event-based processing methods are compared to processing the original frame-based dataset via frame-based but otherwise identical architectures. The results show the event-based methods are superior to the frame-based approach both in terms of classification accuracy and output data-rate.

Afzal, MU, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Lalbakhsh, A 2020, 'Beam-Scanning Antenna Based on Near-Electric Field Phase Transformation and Refraction of Electromagnetic Wave Through Dielectric Structures', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 199242-199253.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ahmed, AM, Chacon, A, Rutherford, H, Akamatsu, G, Mohammadi, A, Nishikido, F, Tashima, H, Yoshida, E, Yamaya, T, Franklin, DR, Rosenfeld, A, Guatelli, S & Safavi-Naeini, M 2020, 'A validated Geant4 model of a whole-body PET scanner with four-layer DOI detectors', Physics in Medicine & Biology, vol. 65, no. 23, pp. 235051-235051.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract The purpose of this work is to develop a validated Geant4 simulation model of a whole-body prototype PET scanner constructed from the four-layer depth-of-interaction detectors developed at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan. The simulation model emulates the behaviour of the unique depth of interaction sensing capability of the scanner without needing to directly simulate optical photon transport in the scintillator and photodetector modules. The model was validated by evaluating and comparing performance metrics from the NEMA NU 2-2012 protocol on both the simulated and physical scanner, including spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, noise equivalent count rates and image quality. The results show that the average sensitivities of the scanner in the field-of-view were 5.9 cps kBq−1 and 6.0 cps kBq−1 for experiment and simulation, respectively. The average spatial resolutions measured for point sources placed at several radial offsets were 5.2± 0.7 mm and 5.0± 0.8 mm FWHM for experiment and simulation, respectively. The peak NECR was 22.9 kcps at 7.4 kBq ml−1 for the experiment, while the NECR obtained via simulation was 23.3 kcps at the same activity. The scatter fractions were 44% and 41.3% for the experiment and simulation, respectively. Contrast recovery estimates performed in different regions of a simulated image quality phantom matched the experimental results with an average error of -8.7% and +3.4% for hot and cold lesions, respectively. The results demonstrate that the developed Geant4 model reliably reproduces the key NEMA NU 2-2012 performance metrics evaluated on the prototype PET scanner. A simplified version of the model is included as an advanced example in Geant4 version 10.5.

Alam, MM, Lu, DC & Siwakoti, Y 2020, 'Small signal analysis of dual input buck converter', International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 8-16.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 by the authors. This paper presents a small signal modelling and voltage-mode control of a pulse-width modulated (PWM) dual-input DC-DC buck converter. The control of multiple switches in a power converter is the main challenge for multipleinput converters addressed in this paper. Using the concept of linearization and perturbation depicted in circuit averaging technique, the closed-loop small signal model for multi-input DC-DC buck converter is derived. The closed loop control to output voltage transfer function is derived. A brief compensator design is introduced for a multi-input buck converter. In order to control the duty cycles of multiple switches and control the output voltage, a new variable is introduced to relate the duty cycles in the closed loop control to output voltage transfer function. The analysis and controller design are simulated in LTSpice.

Ali, H, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Hashmi, RM 2020, 'Integration of Geometrically Different Elements to Design Thin Near-Field Metasurfaces', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 225336-225346.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Phase-gradient metasurfaces, also known as phase-shifting surfaces, are used to steer the beam of medium-to-high gain antennas. Almost all such surfaces are made of cell elements that are similar in shape and only differ in dimensional parameters to achieve the required spatial phase gradient. A limitation of using the same geometry for the cell elements is that only limited phase shift range can be achieved while maintaining high transmission through each cell. A new strategy of integrating geometrically different cell elements, having different transmission phase and amplitude characteristics, is presented in this article. To demonstrate the concept, four different cell geometries are considered. The results indicate that the hybrid approach allows the designer to achieve the required phase shift range together with a high transmission with thinner metasurfaces having fewer dielectric and metal layers. When used to steer the beam of a microstrip patch array, the hybrid metasurface produced more accurate beam steering with 1.6° less steering error compared to a reference single-geometry metasurface

Ali, SMN, Hossain, MJ, Wang, D, Lu, K, Rasmussen, PO, Sharma, V & Kashif, M 2020, 'Robust Sensorless Control Against Thermally Degraded Speed Performance in an IM Drive Based Electric Vehicle', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 896-907.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1986-2012 IEEE. This article investigates and proposes an efficient control design to address the degradation in the mechanical speed of a traction machine drive (TMD) in an electric vehicle (EV) caused by thermal effects during its operation. Variations in the operating as well as ambient temperature cause unexpected uncertainties in TMD parameters such as stator and rotor resistances, which results in significant degradation in EV's speed performance capability. To mitigate this problem, an output feedback robust linear parameter varying (LPV) controller-observer set is designed using H$ control theory that enhances the EV's speed performance in field-oriented control (FOC) frame. The internal stability of the closed-loop control and the $L_{2}$ gain bound are ensured by linear matrix inequalities. The performance of the proposed control technique is compared with that of conventional FOC, sliding mode control (SMC) and higher order sliding mode control (HOSMC) to validate its efficacy and advantages. The robustness of the proposed control technique is tested for an EV operation against the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) Class 3 driving cycle. The nonlinear MATLAB simulation results guarantee the effectiveness of the proposed controller-observer set. These results are verified experimentally on an induction machine drive setup.

Al-Shatari, MOA, Hussin, FA, Aziz, AA, Witjaksono, G & Tran, X-T 2020, 'FPGA-Based Lightweight Hardware Architecture of the PHOTON Hash Function for IoT Edge Devices', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 207610-207618.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Alsheikh, MA, Hoang, DT, Niyato, D, Leong, D, Wang, P & Han, Z 2020, 'Optimal Pricing of Internet of Things: A Machine Learning Approach', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 669-684.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1983-2012 IEEE. Internet of things (IoT) produces massive data from devices embedded with sensors. The IoT data allows creating profitable services using machine learning. However, previous research does not address the problem of optimal pricing and bundling of machine learning-based IoT services. In this paper, we define the data value and service quality from a machine learning perspective. We present an IoT market model which consists of data vendors selling data to service providers, and service providers offering IoT services to customers. Then, we introduce optimal pricing schemes for the standalone and bundled selling of IoT services. In standalone service sales, the service provider optimizes the size of bought data and service subscription fee to maximize its profit. For service bundles, the subscription fee and data sizes of the grouped IoT services are optimized to maximize the total profit of cooperative service providers. We show that bundling IoT services maximizes the profit of service providers compared to the standalone selling. For profit sharing of bundled services, we apply the concepts of core and Shapley solutions from cooperative game theory as efficient and fair allocations of payoffs among the cooperative service providers in the bundling coalition.

Al-Soeidat, MR, Aljarajreh, H, Khawaldeh, HA, Lu, DD-C & Zhu, J 2020, 'A Reconfigurable Three-Port DC–DC Converter for Integrated PV-Battery System', IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3423-3433.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this article, a new nonisolated three-port dc-dc converter to integrate a battery storage with a photovoltaic (PV) module is proposed for off-grid solar-power applications. The proposed converter can be used to integrate the PV module with a backup battery to minimize the impacts of renewable-energy intermittency and unpredictable load demand. The proposed converter is reconfigurable and able to operate as a conventional boost converter, a buck-boost converter, or a forward converter in different modes to support several power flow combinations and achieve power conditioning and regulation among the PV module, battery, and output port, simultaneously. Nevertheless, the power stage only consists of two switches, one coupled inductor, one diode, and two capacitors. A high-voltage conversion ratio is achieved by using a coupled inductor and by combining the PV module and the battery in series. Experimental results of the proposed converter operating in the steady state and during transitions between different modes are reported.

Amin, BMR, Taghizadeh, S, Rahman, MS, Hossain, MJ, Varadharajan, V & Chen, Z 2020, 'Cyber attacks in smart grid – dynamic impacts, analyses and recommendations', IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 321-329.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved. Cyber attacks can cause cascading failures and blackouts in smart grids. Therefore, it is highly necessary to identify the types, impacts and solutions of cyber attacks to ensure the secure operation of power systems. As a well-known practice, steady-state analysis is commonly used to identify cyber attacks and provide effective solutions. However, it cannot fully cover non-linear behaviours and cascaded blackouts of the system caused by dynamic perturbations, as well as provide a postdisturbance operating point. This study presents a novel approach based on dynamic analysis that excludes the limitations of the steady-state analysis and can be used in the events of various cyber attacks. Four types of common attacks are reviewed, and their dynamic impacts are shown on the IEEE benchmark model of the Western System Coordinating Council system implemented in MATLAB Simulink. Then, recommendations are provided to enhance the security of the future smart power grids from the possible cyber attacks.

Amin, U, Hossain, MJ & Fernandez, E 2020, 'Optimal price based control of HVAC systems in multizone office buildings for demand response', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 270, pp. 122059-122059.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Optimizing the scheduling of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in multizone buildings is a challenging task, as occupants in various zones have different thermal preferences dependent on time-varying indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and price signals. Price-based demand response (PBDR) is a powerful technique that can be used to handle the aggregated peak demand, energy consumption, and cost by controlling HVAC thermostat settings based on time-varying price signals. This paper proposes an intelligent and new PBDR control strategy for multizone office buildings fed from renewable energy sources (RESs) and/or utility grid to optimize the HVAC operation considering the varying thermal preferences of occupants in various zones as a response of real-time pricing (RTP) signals. A detailed mathematical model of a commercial building is presented to evaluate the thermal response of a multizone office building to the operation of an HVAC system. The developed thermal model considers all architectural and geographical effects to provide an accurate calculation of the HVAC load demand for analyses. Further, Occupants’ varying thermal preferences represented as a coefficient of a bidding price (chosen by the occupants) in response to price signals are modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) and integrated into the optimal HVAC scheduling. Furthermore, a control mechanism is developed to determine the varying HVAC thermostat settings in various zones based on the ANN prediction model results. The effect of the proposed strategy on aggregator utility with wider implementation of the developed mechanism is also considered. The optimization problem for the proposed PBDR control strategy is formulated using a building's thermal model and an occupant's thermal preferences model, and simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink tool. The results indicate that the proposed strategy with realistic parameter settings show...

Amiri, M, Tofigh, F, Shariati, N, Lipman, J & Abolhasan, M 2020, 'Wide-angle metamaterial absorber with highly insensitive absorption for TE and TM modes', Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBeing incident and polarization angle insensitive are crucial characteristics of metamaterial perfect absorbers due to the variety of incident signals. In the case of incident angles insensitivity, facing transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves affect the absorption ratio significantly. In this scientific report, a crescent shape resonator has been introduced that provides over 99% absorption ratio for all polarization angles, as well as 70% and 93% efficiencies for different incident angles up to $$\theta =80^{\circ }$$θ=80∘ for TE and TM polarized waves, respectively. Moreover, the insensitivity for TE and TM modes can be adjusted due to the semi-symmetric structure. By adjusting the structure parameters, the absorption ratio for TE and TM waves at $$\theta =80^{\circ }$$θ=80∘ has been increased to 83% and 97%, respectively. This structure has been designed to operate at 5 GHz spectrum to absorb undesired signals generated due to the growing adoption of Wi-Fi networks. Finally, the proposed absorber has been fabricated in a $$20 \times 20$$20×20 arr...

Amjadipour, M, MacLeod, J, Motta, N & Iacopi, F 2020, 'Fabrication of free-standing silicon carbide on silicon microstructures via massive silicon sublimation', Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 062202-062202.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Heteroepitaxial thin films of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) on silicon offer a promising platform for leveraging the properties of SiC, such as wide bandgap, high mechanical strength, and chemical stability on a silicon substrate. Such heteroepitaxial films also attract considerable interest as pseudosubstrates for the growth of GaN as well as graphene on silicon wafers. However, due to a substantial lattice mismatch, the growth of 3C-SiC on silicon leads to a considerable amount of stresses, defects, and diffusion phenomena at the heterointerface. We show here that the extent of such interface phenomena and stresses is so large that, after patterning of the SiC, a massive sublimation of the silicon underneath the SiC/Si interface is promoted via a high-temperature anneal, either in high or medium vacuum ambient. A micrometer-thick air gap can be formed below the SiC structures, making them suspended. Hence, the described approach can be used as a straightforward methodology to form free-standing silicon carbide structures without the need for wet or anisotropic etching and could be of great interest for devices where suspended moving parts are needed, such as micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems.

Amjadipour, M, Su, D & Iacopi, F 2020, 'Cover Picture: Graphitic‐Based Solid‐State Supercapacitors: Enabling Redox Reaction by In Situ Electrochemical Treatment (Batteries & Supercaps 7/2020)', Batteries & Supercaps, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 566-566.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Amjadipour, M, Su, D & Iacopi, F 2020, 'Graphitic‐Based Solid‐State Supercapacitors: Enabling Redox Reaction by In Situ Electrochemical Treatment', Batteries & Supercaps, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 569-569.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Integrated Nano Systems Lab (INSys Lab), part of the Centre for Clean Energy Technology, University of Technology Sydney. The cover picture illustrates an efficient in situ pathway to generate and attach oxygen functional groups to graphitic electrodes for supercapacitors by inducing hydrolysis of water molecules within the gel electrolyte. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/batt.201900204.

Amjadipour, M, Su, D & Iacopi, F 2020, 'Graphitic‐Based Solid‐State Supercapacitors: Enabling Redox Reaction by In Situ Electrochemical Treatment', Batteries & Supercaps, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 587-595.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractThe quest for supercapacitors that can hold both high energy and power density is of increasing significance as the need for green and reliable energy storage devices grows, for both large‐scale and integrated systems. While supercapacitors for integrated technologies require a solid‐state approach, gel‐based electrolytes are generally not as efficient as their aqueous counterparts. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to enhance the performance of quasi‐solid‐state supercapacitors made by graphitized silicon carbide on silicon electrodes and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)+H2SO4 gel electrolyte. The electrochemical characterization shows an increase of the specific capacitance of the cell up to 3‐fold resulting from a simple agent‐free, in situ, electrochemical treatment leading to functionalization of the graphitic electrodes. The functionalization of the electrodes simultaneously enables redox reactions, without adding any redox agent, and increases the double layer contribution to the overall capacitance. The strategy and insights offered by this work hold great promise for improving quasi‐solid‐state, miniaturized on‐chip energy storage systems, which are compatible with silicon electronics.

Asari*, AR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Magnetic Properties of Somaloy 700 (5P) Material Under Round Magnetic Flux Loci', International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 2479-2483.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Electrical machines has enabled human to do their chores with easier and more comfortable way. Most of the current electrical machines require the magnetic cores to operate at higher frequency to meet the demand of high–speed performance. The study of rotating core loss gives big significance to the rotating electrical machines since in real situation, the magnetic flux densities in the electrical machines are rotated during the operation. In this paper, magnetic properties of new material; SOMALOY 700 (5P) are studied by conducting 2-D core loss measurements at 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 500 Hz and 1000 Hz. Magnetic flux density is controlled to be in round shape in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions by using LabVIEW to resemble the actual core loss of rotating machines. B and corresponding H loci are plotted and these collected data are analysed by using Mathcad to obtain the core loss curves at different magnitude of magnetic field and frequencies. The findings show that the rotational core loss is increased with frequencies. At 1.8 T under 50 Hz of rotating magnetic fluxes, 8.9 Watt/ kg is recorded and keep increasing up to 2.4 T. The detail of core loss is important in providing information to the engineers for the motor design proposes.

AUNG, MH, TSUTSUI, H & MIYANAGA, Y 2020, 'WiFi Fingerprint Based Indoor Positioning Systems Using Estimated Reference Locations', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E103.A, no. 12, pp. 1483-1493.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Azizivahed, A, Arefi, A, Ghavidel, S, Shafie-khah, M, Li, L, Zhang, J & Catalao, JPS 2020, 'Energy Management Strategy in Dynamic Distribution Network Reconfiguration Considering Renewable Energy Resources and Storage', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 662-673.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2010-2012 IEEE. Penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and electrical energy storage (EES) systems in distribution systems is increasing, and it is crucial to investigate their impact on systems' operation scheme, reliability, and security. In this paper, expected energy not supplied (EENS) and voltage stability index (VSI) of distribution networks are investigated in dynamic balanced and unbalanced distribution network reconfiguration, including RESs and EES systems. Furthermore, due to the high investment cost of the EES systems, the number of charge and discharge is limited, and the state-of-health constraint is included in the underlying problem to prolong the lifetime of these facilities. The optimal charging/discharging scheme for EES systems and optimal distribution network topology are presented in order to optimize the operational costs, and reliability and security indices simultaneously. The proposed strategy is applied to a large-scale 119-bus distribution test network in order to show the economic justification of the proposed approach.

Azizivahed, A, Razavi, S-E, Arefi, A, Ghadi, MJ, Li, L, Zhang, J, Shafie-khah, M & Catalao, JPS 2020, 'Risk-Oriented Multi-Area Economic Dispatch Solution With High Penetration of Wind Power Generation and Compressed Air Energy Storage System', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1569-1578.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2010-2012 IEEE. This paper investigates the risk-oriented multi-area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with high penetration of wind farms (WFs) combined with compressed air energy storage (CAES). The main objective is to help system operators to minimize the operational cost of thermal units and CAES units with an appropriate level of security through optimized WF power generation curtailment strategy and CAES charging/discharging control. In the obtained MAED model, several WFs integrated with CAES units are considered in different generation zones, and the probability to meet demand by available spinning reserve during N - 1 security contingency is characterized as a risk function. Furthermore, the contribution of CAES units in providing the system spinning reserve is taken into account in the MAED model. The proposed framework is demonstrated by a case study using the modified IEEE 40-generator system. The numerical results reveal that the proposed method brings a significant advantage to the efficient scheduling of thermal units' power generation, WF power curtailment, and CAES charging/discharging control in the power system.

Baba, AA, Hashmi, RM, Esselle, KP, Attygalle, M & Borg, D 2020, 'A Millimeter-Wave Antenna System for Wideband 2-D Beam Steering', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 3453-3464.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. This article presents a wideband beam-steering antenna system for high-mobility millimeter-wave (mm-wave) systems. It can provide both continuous and discrete beam steering in two dimensions (elevation and azimuth) at a speed that is sufficient for various applications including some in defense. The antenna is completely passive and beam steering is achieved using near-field phase transformation by employing a pair of distinct rotatable stepped-dielectric phase transformers (SPTs) placed in the near-field region of a fixed radiating source. The antenna system has a steering and impedance-matching bandwidth of 40.6% from 26.5 to 40 GHz. A prototype of the beam-steering antenna system including a mechanical system to rotate each of the SPTs around the antenna axis has been fabricated and tested. The rotating SPT pair introduces a predetermined phase gradient to the input near-field and creates an output near-field that will radiate in an arbitrarily selected direction, which can be varied within a large conical region with a maximum apex angle of 104°. The system exhibits predicted and measured peak gains of 21.5 and 21.25 dBi, respectively, and the measured gain variation over 2-D beam steering is less than 3 dB except at 36 and 39 GHz, where it rises to 3.6 and 3.1 dB, respectively. This beam steering method obviates the need for expensive phase shifters and distribution networks, which are also lossy at mm-wave frequencies. The measured results validate the predicted wideband matching and steering performance of the system with close agreement.

Barzegarkhoo, R, Siwakoti, YP & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'A New Switched-Capacitor Five-Level Inverter Suitable for Transformerless Grid-Connected Applications', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 8140-8153.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Belotti, Y, McGloin, D & Weijer, CJ 2020, 'Analysis of barotactic and chemotactic guidance cues on directional decision-making of Dictyostelium discoideum cells in confined environments', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 41, pp. 25553-25559.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Significance Cells confined in complex environments use a combination of chemical and mechanical cues for robust pathfinding and effective migration. Analysis of directional “decision-making” of Dictyostelium discoideum cells migrating within microchannels harboring asymmetric bifurcations shows that unlike neutrophils and immature dendritic cells Dictyostelium cells use chemical rather than barotactic guidance cues. Cells in steeper adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate gradients migrating at higher speeds split their leading edges more readily when confronted with a bifurcation in the channel. The point at which one of the competing pseudopods starts to retract appears to be dependent on a relative force imbalance between two competing pseudopods, showing that cellular mechanics plays a major role in leading-edge dynamics, including front splitting, polarization, and retraction in D. discoideum .

Ben, X, Gong, C, Zhang, P, Yan, R, Wu, Q & Meng, W 2020, 'Coupled Bilinear Discriminant Projection for Cross-View Gait Recognition', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 734-747.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1991-2012 IEEE. A problem that hinders good performance of general gait recognition systems is that the appearance features of gaits are more affected-prone by views than identities, especially when the walking direction of the probe gait is different from the register gait. This problem cannot be solved by traditional projection learning methods because these methods can learn only one projection matrix, and thus for the same subject, it cannot transfer cross-view gait features into similar ones. This paper presents an innovative method to overcome this problem by aligning gait energy images (GEIs) across views with the coupled bilinear discriminant projection (CBDP). Specifically, the CBDP generates the aligned gait matrix features for two views with two sets of bilinear transformation matrices, so that the original GEIs' spatial structure information can be preserved. By iteratively maximizing the ratio of inter-class distance metric to intra-class distance metric, the CBDP can learn the optimal matrix subspace where the GEIs across views are aligned in both horizontal and vertical coordinates. Therefore, the CBDP is also able to avoid the under-sample problem. We also theoretically prove that the upper and lower bounds of the objective function sequence of the CBDP are both monotonically increasing, so the convergence of the CBDP is demonstrated. In the terms of accuracy, the comparative experiments on the CASIA (B) and OU-ISIR gait databases show that our method is superior to the state-of-the-art cross-view gait recognition methods. More impressively, encouraging performance is obtained by our method even in matching a lateral-view gait with a frontal-view gait.

Bernhardt, N, Koshelev, K, White, SJU, Meng, KWC, Fröch, JE, Kim, S, Tran, TT, Choi, D-Y, Kivshar, Y & Solntsev, AS 2020, 'Quasi-BIC Resonant Enhancement of Second-Harmonic Generation in WS₂ Monolayers', Nano Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 5309-5314.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Atomically thin monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a promising class of novel materials for optoelectronics and nonlinear optics. However, the intrinsic nonlinearity of TMD monolayers is weak, limiting their functionalities for nonlinear optical processes such as frequency conversion. Here we boost the effective nonlinear susceptibility of a TMD monolayer by integrating it with a resonant dielectric metasurface that supports pronounced optical resonances with high quality factors: bound states in the continuum (BICs). We demonstrate that a WS2 monolayer combined with a silicon metasurface hosting BICs exhibits enhanced second-harmonic intensity by more than 3 orders of magnitude relative to a WS2 monolayer on top of a flat silicon film of the same thickness. Our work suggests a pathway to employ high-index dielectric metasurfaces as hybrid structures for enhancement of TMD nonlinearities with applications in nonlinear microscopy, optoelectronics, and signal processing.

Bobba, SS, Hamdouni, N, Pande, K, Namassivayane, K, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2020, 'Design and optimization of perovskite plasmonic nano-laser for operation at room temperature', Journal of Laser Applications, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 022017-022017.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This work presents the design and optimization of a cascade nano-laser using CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. Due to increasing threshold gain with decreasing device size and high Auger losses, the use of perovskite as the active medium in the cascade nano-laser was proposed, as the material possesses a high emission rate in the visible wavelength region, with relative ease of device fabrication. By optimizing the thickness of the perovskite, its width, and the thickness of the silica used, photonic and plasmonic modes were created, which were further considered to permit the generation of lasing, using their respective Purcell factors. The pump wavelength considered was 400 nm, with the laser emission then at 537 nm. For suitability of plasmonic lasing, a Purcell factor FP of 1.22 is reported here, with no possibility for photonic lasing due to its FP value being less than 1 in this design. However, mode-crossing effects were observed in the plasmonic mode at λ = 400 nm for two designs: at a silica thickness of 27.5 nm with perovskite thickness and width of 100 and 300 nm, respectively, and at a silica thickness of 30 nm with perovskite thickness and width of 95 and 300 nm, respectively. These mode-crossing effects can be further analyzed to use these devices in the design of potential new sensor systems, mainly for gas and chemical sensing, exploiting the refractive index sensing capability as a means to determine the concentration of the gases, or other chemicals, under study.

Bramerdorfer, G, Cavagnino, A, Choi, S, Lei, G, Lowther, D, Stipetic, S, Sykulski, J, Zhang, Y & Zhu, JG 2020, 'Guest Editorial: Robust Design and Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1995-1996.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Bramerdorfer, G, Lei, G, Cavagnino, A, Zhang, Y, Sykulski, J & Lowther, DA 2020, 'More Robust and Reliable Optimized Energy Conversion Facilitated through Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives, and Their Control: State-of-the-Art and Trends', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1997-2012.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

According to the special section entitled 'Robust design and analysis of electric machines and drives', to be published in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, the authors present an introduction to tolerance analysis, robust optimization, and measures to improve the reliability of electric machines, power electronics and drives, and their robust control in general. A comprehensive review of modeling uncertainties and evaluating robustness and reliability based measures is presented. In addition, techniques facilitating solving dedicated optimization scenarios are introduced. The most recent research activities will be illustrated. The article thus enables to easily catch up with the state-of-the-art in these fields and to take notice of ongoing and future work.

Buchlak, QD, Esmaili, N, Leveque, J-C, Bennett, C, Piccardi, M & Farrokhi, F 2020, 'Ethical thinking machines in surgery and the requirement for clinical leadership', The American Journal of Surgery, vol. 220, no. 5, pp. 1372-1374.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Buchlak, QD, Esmaili, N, Leveque, J-C, Farrokhi, F, Bennett, C, Piccardi, M & Sethi, RK 2020, 'Machine learning applications to clinical decision support in neurosurgery: an artificial intelligence augmented systematic review', Neurosurgical Review, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1235-1253.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Machine learning (ML) involves algorithms learning patterns in large, complex datasets to predict and classify. Algorithms include neural networks (NN), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machines (SVM). ML may generate substantial improvements in neurosurgery. This systematic review assessed the current state of neurosurgical ML applications and the performance of algorithms applied. Our systematic search strategy yielded 6866 results, 70 of which met inclusion criteria. Performance statistics analyzed included area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Natural language processing (NLP) was used to model topics across the corpus and to identify keywords within surgical subspecialties. ML applications were heterogeneous. The densest cluster of studies focused on preoperative evaluation, planning, and outcome prediction in spine surgery. The main algorithms applied were NN, LR, and SVM. Input and output features varied widely and were listed to facilitate future research. The accuracy (F(2,19) = 6.56, p < 0.01) and specificity (F(2,16) = 5.57, p < 0.01) of NN, LR, and SVM differed significantly. NN algorithms demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than LR. SVM demonstrated significantly higher specificity than LR. We found no significant difference between NN, LR, and SVM AUC and sensitivity. NLP topic modeling reached maximum coherence at seven topics, which were defined by modeling approach, surgery type, and pathology themes. Keywords captured research foci within surgical domains. ML technology accurately predicts outcomes and facilitates clinical decision-making in neurosurgery. NNs frequently outperformed other algorithms on supervised learning tasks. This study identified gaps in the literature and opportunities for future neurosurgical ML research.

Cai, Y, Tang, W, Li, L, Zhang, B, Zhang, L & Wang, Y 2020, 'Multi‐mode adaptive local reactive power control method based on PV inverters in low voltage distribution networks', IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 542-551.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019. Low voltage distribution networks with the high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units are facing four types of challenges, including over-voltage issues, under-voltage issues, voltage fluctuation issues and high power losses. In order to mitigate the above issues, this study proposes a multi-mode adaptive local reactive power control method based on Q(P) characteristics. A new concept, node virtual injection active power (NVIP), is developed to take the PV active power, load active power and load reactive power as a whole and as the basis to regulate the PV reactive power. Then, an NVIP-based multi-mode local Q(P) framework is proposed to consider the four types of challenges based on four operation modes, respectively, that can be adaptively switched according to the NVIP value and the NVIP variation. In addition, a systematic parameter design for the Q(P) framework is proposed based on an optimisation model to further enhance the effectiveness of the proposed multi-mode control. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in mitigating voltage violations and voltage fluctuations, and improving the power losses and power factor.

Cai, Z, Yang, Y, Tang, X, Li, Z, Zhang, T & Zhu, H 2020, 'Ultra‐low phase noise oscillator employing mixed electric and magnetic coupling resonator', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1914-1919.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractIn this article, a pair of stub‐loaded interdigital hairpin resonators‐based filter with high group delay and improved stopband suppression is used to design an S‐band ultra‐low phase noise single‐ended oscillator. A transmission zero closed to the edge of passband in the filter is generated by introducing strong electric and magnetic coupling, which can improve the phase noise performance of the proposed oscillator. A low phase noise figure‐of‐merit (FOM) that considers both insertion loss and group delay of the feedback loop is used to evaluate the overall phase noise performance of the proposed oscillator. In order to verify the concept, the proposed oscillator is designed and fabricated. The measured results show that the oscillation frequency is 2.037 GHz with the output power of 8.92 dBm while the second harmonic suppression level is about 35.66 dB. The phase noise and the FOM of the proposed oscillator at 100 kHz frequency offset are −127.95 and −199.31 dBc/Hz, respectively. According to the open literature, this is one of the best phase noise performances of the single‐ended hybrid integrated oscillators oscillating at the similar frequency range.

Camphausen, R, Marini, L, Tawfik, SA, Tran, TT, Ford, MJ & Palomba, S 2020, 'Observation of near-infrared sub-Poissonian photon emission in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature', APL Photonics, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 076103-076103.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The generation of non-classical light states in the near-infrared (NIR) is important for a number of photonic quantum technologies. Here, we report the first experimental observation of sub-Poissonian NIR (1.24 eV) light emission from defects in a 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) sheet at room temperature. Photoluminescence statistics shows g(2)(0) = 0.6, which is a signature of the quantum nature of the emission. Density functional-theory calculations, at the level of the generalized gradient approximation, for the negatively charged nitrogen anti-site lattice defects are consistent with the observed emission energy. This work demonstrates that the defects in hBN could be a promising platform for single-photon generation in the NIR.

Cao, Y & Veitch, D 2020, 'Toward Trusted Time: Remote Server Vetting and the Misfiring Heart of Internet Timing', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 944-956.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1993-2012 IEEE. The core of the Internet's timekeeping system are the Stratum-1 timeservers, those connected to reference hardware, that anchor the server hierarchy. It is essential that these root servers are accurate and reliable, and this it is typically taken as a given. We examine this premise through an examination of 102 prominent Stratum-1 servers, using 3 datasets spanning 6 years, collected in reference testbeds with authoritative timestamping. We describe a methodology capable of rigorously removing congestion related variability, allowing server errors to be unambiguously revealed. We use the data and methodology to assess the health of public network timing, and how it varies over time, by reporting on the type, severity, duration, and prevalence of server errors, and how they relate to protocol level information. We present conclusive evidence that the system has problems. We find that errors are widespread, significant, often endemic, consistent over time, and typically come with no warning at the protocol level. Our results highlight the lack of oversight in the current system, and provides the foundation of a server health monitoring capability, necessary to restore and maintain trust in network timing. We describe three specific applications where our results can have an impact. Our data, detailed results and software are publically available.

Chacon, A, James, B, Tran, L, Guatelli, S, Chartier, L, Prokopvich, D, Franklin, DR, Mohammadi, A, Nishikido, F, Iwao, Y, Akamatsu, G, Takyu, S, Tashima, H, Yamaya, T, Parodi, K, Rosenfeld, A & Safavi‐Naeini, M 2020, 'Experimental investigation of the characteristics of radioactive beams for heavy ion therapy', Medical Physics, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 3123-3132.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

PurposeThis work has two related objectives. The first is to estimate the relative biological effectiveness of two radioactive heavy ion beams based on experimental measurements, and compare these to the relative biological effectiveness of corresponding stable isotopes to determine whether they are therapeutically equivalent. The second aim is to quantitatively compare the quality of images acquired postirradiation using an in‐beam whole‐body positron emission tomography scanner for range verification quality assurance.MethodsThe energy deposited by monoenergetic beams of C at 350 MeV/u, O at 250 MeV/u, C at 350 MeV/u, and O at 430 MeV/u was measured using a cruciform transmission ionization chamber in a water phantom at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. Dose‐mean lineal energy was measured at various depths along the path of each beam in a water phantom using a silicon‐on‐insulator mushroom microdosimeter. Using the modified microdosimetric kinetic model, the relative biological effectiveness at 10% survival fraction of the radioactive ion beams was evaluated and compared to that of the corresponding stable ions along the path of th...

Chaczko, Z, Klempous, R, Rozenblit, J, Adegbija, T, Chiu, C, Kluwak, K & Smutnick, C 2020, 'Biomimetic Middleware Design Principles for IoT Infrastructures', Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 135-150.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Chen, R-S, Zhu, L, Lin, J-Y, Wong, S-W, Li, Y, Yang, Y & He, Y 2020, 'Miniaturized Full-Metal Dual-Band Filter Using Dual-Mode Circular Spiral Resonators', IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 573-576.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2001-2012 IEEE. A miniaturized full-metal dual-band bandpass filter using a dual-mode circular spiral resonator (CSR) in a single metal cavity is proposed. Two spirals are combined together to form a dual-mode resonator, and the transmission zero (TZ) produced by the source-load coupling can separate the two modes and achieve the desired dual-band property. Then, a second-order dual-band filter is designed based on the dual-mode resonator, and each band can be individually synthesized, designed, and tuned to achieve the desired filtering performances. In addition, each band has TZs on both sides of the passband to achieve high selectivity. The size of the second-order dual-band filter is only 0.073\lambda _{0} \times 0.055\lambda _{0} \times 0.015\lambda _{0} calculated at the center frequency of the lower band. Finally, the filter is fabricated and measured, and a good agreement is achieved between the measurement and simulation.

Chen, R-S, Zhu, L, Lin, J-Y, Wong, S-W, Yang, Y, Li, Y, Zhang, L & He, Y 2020, 'High-Efficiency and Wideband Dual-Resonance Full-Metal Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna Array', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1360-1364.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2002-2011 IEEE. A dual-resonance wideband full-metal cavity-backed slot antenna array (CBSA) with high efficiency is proposed. A cavity mode and a resonant-iris mode are used to produce a wide impedance bandwidth. Radiation slots (elements) placed on the top wall are directly fed by electric fields of the modes using a single feeding slot without extra structures. This simplified feeding structure can reduce the antenna complexity, and can also improve the radiation efficiency by reducing power loss along with the conventional feeding power dividers. Thereafter, two wideband and high-efficiency slot arrays with 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 elements are designed based on these two cavity modes and proposed a simplified feeding structure. The measurement of 2 × 2 slot array shows that the proposed 2 × 2 slot antenna array can achieve 15% bandwidth, 13.4 dBi peak gain, and 95% total efficiency.

Chen, S, Zhou, F, Xu, K, Zhao, P, Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Wang, G 2020, 'A Portable Microwave Interferometry Sensor for Permittivity Detection Based on CCMRC', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 140323-140332.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. A portable microwave complex permittivity sensor based on the interferometry configuration is proposed. A complementary compact microstrip resonant cell (CCMRC) is applied as the sensitive element, which converts the dielectric information of the material under test (MUT) into the phase variations of its transmission coefficient. A miniaturized interferometry platform based on a down-converting mixer further translates the phase change into DC output voltage variation, which can be readily recorded with a direct readout circuit. In this context, expensive and bulky vector network analyzer is no longer needed, thereby leading to a low hardware cost. With comprehensive theoretical analysis, the material permittivity is simply extracted using a specific extrapolation algorithm. As a proof of concept, several different solid material samples with known permittivity values are used to verify the devised detection system.

Chen, S-L, Karmokar, DK, Qin, P-Y, Ziolkowski, RW & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Polarization-Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antenna With Continuous Beam Scanning Through Broadside', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 121-133.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 IEEE. A simple single-layer reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is presented that has polarization agility and beam-scanning functionality. This LWA system realizes a scanned beam that can be switched between all of its linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) states using only one dc biasing source. A slot-loaded substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW)-based LWA is first explored to attain CP performance with continuous beam scanning through broadside. This CP LWA realizes a measured CP performance with a 3 dB gain variance within 2.75-3.35 GHz for scan angles ranging from -28.6° to +31.5°. A row of shorted stubs is then incorporated into the CP LWA to obtain similar LP performance. Finally, by introducing p-i-n diodes into this LP LWA configuration to facilitate reconfigurable connections between the main patch and the shorted stubs, the radiated fields can be switched between all of its CP and LP states. The measured results of all three antennas confirm their simulated performance. It is demonstrated that the main beam of the polarization-reconfigurable LWA can be scanned from -31.5° to +17.1° with gain variations between 9.5 and 12.8 dBic in its CP state and from -34.3° to +20° with them between 7.8 and 11.7 dBi in its LP state.

Chen, X, Cui, J, Ni, W, Wang, X, Zhu, Y, Zhang, J & Xu, S 2020, 'DFT-s-OFDM: Enabling Flexibility in Frequency Selectivity and Multiuser Diversity for 5G', IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 15-22.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE The upcoming fifth-generation (5G) wireless cellular communication systems are expected to provide efficiency and productivity by ushering in flexibility of waveforms and resource allocation. Clustered discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) has been specified as the waveform for 5G, due to its flexibility in the exploitation of frequency selectivity and multiuser diversity. This article discusses the flexibility that clustered DFT-s-OFDM is able to achieve at the physical layer, and the requirements that it needs to comply with at the media access control layer. This article emphasizes on the resource allocation of clustered DFT-s-OFDM that can leverage between the flexibility and compliance requirements, and reveals that clustered DFT-s-OFDM is suited for cells with UEs closely distributed around the base stations. A new enhanced riding peak method which operates on the basis of multiple resolutions is identified to be able to balance the data rate of clustered DFT-s-OFDM and computational complexity.

Chen, Y, An, P, Huang, X, Yang, C, Liu, D & Wu, Q 2020, 'Light Field Compression Using Global Multiplane Representation and Two-Step Prediction', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 27, pp. 1135-1139.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1994-2012 IEEE. Due to its spatio-angular structure, light field image allows for a wealth of post-processing techniques like digital refocusing and depth estimation. In order to compress the data of the two domains, the current proposal intends to embed the disparity-based view synthesis method into the decoder. However, predicting each view separately or in local groups means bringing more computational burden to the decoder and destroying the light field structure. Since disparity contains the relationship between all light rays in the light field, the proposed solution is to predict a disparity-based global representation as the first step. In the second step, all the views can be predicted easily based on this representation. In this letter, we use the recently proposed multiplane as the form of this global representation. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution, and the better RD performance compared to other schemes especially under low bitrates.

Cheng, Q, Nguyen, DN, Dutkiewicz, E & Mueck, M 2020, 'Preserving Honest/Dishonest Users’ Operational Privacy with Blind Interference Calculation in Spectrum Sharing System', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2874-2890.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we investigate the operational privacy issue of Incumbent Users (IUs) and honest/dishonest Secondary Users (SUs). For the case of IUs and honest SUs, we propose a privacy-preserving scheme for DSA by leveraging encryption and obfuscation methods (PSEO). To implement PSEO, we introduce an interference calculation scheme that allows users to calculate an interference budget without revealing operational information, referred to as the blind interference calculation scheme (BICS). BICS also reduces the computing overhead of PSEO, compared with FCC's SAS by moving interference budgeting tasks to local users and calculating it in an offline manner. To further save the overhead in calculating the interference map, we introduce a quantization method and optimize the grid sizes of the terrestrial area of interest. Additionally, for the case of IUs and dishonest SUs, we propose a "punishment and forgiveness" (PF) mechanism, which draws support from SUs' reputation scores (RSs) and reputation histories (RHs), to encourage SUs to provide truthful information. Theoretical analysis and extensive simulations show that our proposed PSEO and PF-PSEO schemes can better protect all users' operational privacy under various privacy attacks, yielding higher spectrum utilization with less online overhead, compared with state of the art approaches

Chomsiri, T, He, X, Nanda, P & Tan, Z 2020, 'Hybrid Tree-Rule Firewall for High Speed Data Transmission', IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1237-1249.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Traditional firewalls employ listed rules in both configuration and process phases to regulate network traffic. However, configuring a firewall with listed rules may create rule conflicts, and slows down the firewall. To overcome this problem, we have proposed a Tree-rule firewall in our previous study. Although the Tree-rule firewall guarantees no conflicts within its rule set and operates faster than traditional firewalls, keeping track of the state of network connections using hashing functions incurs extra computational overhead. In order to reduce this overhead, we propose a hybrid Tree-rule firewall in this paper. This hybrid scheme takes advantages of both Tree-rule firewalls and traditional listed-rule firewalls. The GUIs of our Tree-rule firewalls are utilized to provide a means for users to create conflict-free firewall rules, which are organized in a tree structure and called 'tree rules'. These tree rules are later converted into listed rules that share the merit of being conflict-free. Finally, in decision making, the listed rules are used to verify against packet header information. The rules which have matched with most packets are moved up to the top positions by the core firewall. The mechanism applied in this hybrid scheme can significantly improve the functional speed of a firewall.

Chu, P, Zhang, JA, Wang, X, Fang, G & Wang, D 2020, 'Semi-Persistent Resource Allocation Based on Traffic Prediction for Vehicular Communications', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 345-355.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Corradini, L, Spiazzi, G & Zhang, Z 2020, 'Special Issue on Topologies, Modeling Methodologies, and Control Techniques for High-Frequency Power Conversion', IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1967-1970.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Cui, Q, Ni, W, Li, S, Zhao, B, Liu, RP & Zhang, P 2020, 'Learning-Assisted Clustered Access of 5G/B5G Networks to Unlicensed Spectrum', IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 31-37.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Dandachi, G, De Domenico, A, Hoang, DT & Niyato, D 2020, 'An Artificial Intelligence Framework for Slice Deployment and Orchestration in 5G Networks', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 858-871.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2015 IEEE. Network slicing is a key enabler to successfully support 5G services with specific requirements and priorities. Due to the diversity of these services, slice deployment and orchestration are essential to guarantee service performance in a cost-effective way. Here, we propose an Artificial Intelligence framework for cross-slice admission and congestion control that simultaneously considers communication, computing, and storage resources to maximize resources utilization and operator revenue. First, we propose a smart feature extraction solution to analyze the characteristics of incoming requests together with the already deployed slices, and then automatically evaluates the request requirements to make appropriate decisions. Second, we design an online algorithm that controls the slice admission based on their priorities, the arrival and departure characteristics, and the available resources. To mitigate system overloading, our framework dynamically adjusts resources allocated to low priority slices, thereby reducing the dropping probability of new slice requests. The proposed algorithm offers outstanding advantages over traditional static approaches by automatically adapting the controller decisions to the system changes. Simulation results show that our framework significantly improves the resource utilization and reduces the slice request dropping probabilities up to 44% as compared to the baseline schemes.

Dang, DNM, Ngo, QT, Trung, QL & Le, LB 2020, 'An adaptive and cooperative MAC protocol in vehicular ad hoc network: design and performance analysis', International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 191-191.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Dang, KN, Ahmed, AB, Abdallah, AB & Tran, X-T 2020, 'A Thermal-Aware On-Line Fault Tolerance Method for TSV Lifetime Reliability in 3D-NoC Systems', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 166642-166657.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Dang, KN, Ahmed, AB, Abdallah, AB & Tran, X-T 2020, 'TSV-OCT: A Scalable Online Multiple-TSV Defects Localization for Real-Time 3-D-IC Systems', IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 672-685.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Diao, K, Sun, X, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Multiobjective System Level Optimization Method for Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Systems Using Finite-Element Model', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 10055-10064.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1982-2012 IEEE. This article presents a novel multiobjective system level optimization method to achieve the best performance of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive systems. First, the multiobjective optimization problem for the SRM drive systems is defined. Then, all parameters of the drive systems, including the motor level and control level, are divided into three subspaces according to their influences on the objectives. Finally, the optimization of each subspace is performed sequentially until a convergence criterion is met. Then, the optimal solution can be chosen from the Pareto solutions according to a selection criterion. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis, the approximate models, and the genetic algorithm are employed to reduce the computation cost. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an SRM drive system with a segmented-rotor SRM (SSRM) and the angle position control method is investigated. This is a high-dimensional system level optimization problem with ten parameters. The finite-element model (FEM) results are verified by the experiment results. The optimal solution has been listed and verified by the FEM. From the discussion, it can be found that the proposed optimization method is efficient and optimized SSRM drive system has high efficiency and low torque ripple.

Ding, C, Sun, H-H, Zhu, H & Jay Guo, Y 2020, 'Achieving Wider Bandwidth With Full-Wavelength Dipoles for 5G Base Stations', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 1119-1127.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. A new method of designing full-wavelength dipoles (FWDs) is presented. A dual-polarized antenna is built based on FWDs for base station applications as an example. The antenna has four FWDs arranged in a square loop array form. The employed FWDs are bent upward to maintain a small aperture size, so that the realized element still fits in traditional base station antenna (BSA) array. The antenna is first matched across the band from 1.63 to 3.71 GHz, which can cover both the LTE band from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz and the 5G (sub-6 GHz) band from 3.3 to 3.6 GHz simultaneously. Then, band-stop filters are inserted in the feed networks of the antenna to suppress the radiation between 2.7 to 3.3 GHz. The antenna is fabricated and tested. Experimental results validate the simulation results. Comparing with the previously available FWD that has a bandwidth of 32%, the FWD proposed in this article exhibits a much wider bandwidth of 78%. Moreover, this bandwidth is also comparable to and wider than those of the state-of-the-art BSAs based on half-wavelength dipoles (HWDs). The bandwidth enhancement and footprint reduction of the FWD in this article demonstrate a high potential of FWDs to be used in other applications.

Dinh, TH, Phung, MD & Ha, QP 2020, 'Summit Navigator: A Novel Approach for Local Maxima Extraction', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 29, pp. 551-564.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1992-2012 IEEE. This paper presents a novel method, called the Summit Navigator, to effectively extract local maxima of an image histogram for multi-object segmentation of images. After smoothing with a moving average filter, the obtained histogram is analyzed, based on the data density and distribution to find the best observing location. An observability index for each initial peak is proposed to evaluate if it can be considered as dominant by using the calculated observing location. Recursive algorithms are then developed for peak searching and merging to remove any false detection of peaks that are located on one side of each mode. Experimental results demonstrated the advantages of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy and consistency in different reputable datasets.

Dou, Y, Li, Y, Zhang, C, Yue, S & Zhu, J 2020, 'Effects of Uniaxial Stress Along Different Directions on Alternating Magnetic Properties of Silicon Steel Sheets', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1-4.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Du, G, Huang, N, He, H, Lei, G & Zhu, J 2020, 'Parameter Design for a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machine Under Multiphysics Constraints', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 2025-2035.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Du, G, Xu, W, Zhu, J & Huang, N 2020, 'Effects of Design Parameters on the Multiphysics Performance of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machines', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 3472-3483.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1982-2012 IEEE. In the design of high-speed permanent magnet machines (HSPMMs), comprehensive effects of design parameters on the various properties of electromagnetic loss, rotor stress, rotor critical speed, and temperature distribution must be analyzed to obtain the optimal design. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of design parameters, such as the pole number, stator slots number, number of conductors per slot, permanent magnet (PM) thickness, PM pole arc coefficient, air gap length, rotor diameter, core length, and sleeve thickness, on multiphysics performance based on a high-power HSPMM. A reasonable design is determined according to the abovementioned analysis that satisfies all specified multiphysics constraints. The theoretical results are confirmed by the experimental results on a prototype in terms of electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal characteristics such as back electromotive force, no-load loss, full-load current, overspeed experiment, and temperature distribution.

Du, G, Xu, W, Zhu, J & Huang, N 2020, 'Power Loss and Thermal Analysis for High-Power High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machines', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 2722-2733.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1982-2012 IEEE. For high-speed permanent magnet machines (HSPMMs), the permanent magnet (PM) is more likely to suffer irreversible demagnetization because the heat dissipation is serious in the HSPMMs, especially for the high-power machines. This paper focuses on the comprehensive research results on the power loss and thermal characteristic for a high-power HSPMM. First, the power loss at the rated load is investigated by finite-element analysis. Then, the temperature distribution of four cooling schemes is compared by the electromagnetic-thermal iteration calculation. The effect of different parameters on thermal behavior is obtained to reduce rotor temperature, which includes an examination of the axial flow duct, cooling medium, sleeve thickness, and sleeve thermal conductivity. Finally, an improved loss separation method is employed to obtain the loss distribution from the measured total loss, and the comprehensive experiments are implemented based on one HSPMM prototype (800 kW, 15 000 rpm) to verify the related theoretical analysis.

Eskandari, M, Li, L, Moradi, MH, Wang, F & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'A Control System for Stable Operation of Autonomous Networked Microgrids', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1633-1647.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The interaction of droop controllers through power network is high in networked microgrids (NMGs) due to the low X/R ratio of the power lines impedance and lack of inertia in converter-based NMGs, which has raised stability concerns. On the other hand, inaccurate reactive power sharing and poor power quality due to the voltage and frequency deviations still remain as noticeable issues in NMGs. In this paper, a novel fuzzy consensus protocol is proposed to improve the droop controller performance in power sharing by incorporating the X/R ratio of the power lines impedance into droop loops. Power quality is also enhanced by restoring the average voltage profile based on a new consensus protocol, which is designed to be in coordination with reactive power sharing. In order to guarantee stability of the closed-loop system, linear matrix inequality method is adopted to determine the consensus signal coefficients as structured static output feedback gains. To this end, a novel small-signal model is proposed for NMGs to be adopted in the design process, by which the cross-coupling as well as interaction of droop controllers through the power network is properly realized. The numerical results in MATLAB/SIMULINK prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Eslahi, H, Hamilton, TJ & Khandelwal, S 2020, 'Energy-Efficient Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistor-Based Oscillators for Neuromorphic System Design', IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 122-129.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Esselle, KP 2020, 'Call for IEEE AP-S Distinguished Lecturer Nominations', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 127-127.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Esselle, KP 2020, 'CALL FOR IEEE AP-S DISTINGUISHED LECTURER NOMINATIONS NOMINATION DEADLINE: JULY 31,2020', IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 127-127.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Esselle, KP 2020, 'Distinguished Lectures on Radio Astronomy and Training the Next Generation [Distinguished Lecturers]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 140-145.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Esselle, KP 2020, 'IEEE AP-S Holds First Distinguished Lecture in Entrepreneurship Category [Distinguished Lecturers]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 104-112.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Esselle, KP 2020, 'Meet the New Distinguished Lecturers for 2020?2022 [Distinguished Lecturers]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 120-123.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Esselle, KP 2020, 'Virtual Distinguished Lectures During COVID-19 [Distinguished Lecturers]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 150-151.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Fan, X, Xiang, C, Gong, L, He, X, Qu, Y, Amirgholipour, S, Xi, Y, Nanda, P & He, X 2020, 'Deep learning for intelligent traffic sensing and prediction: recent advances and future challenges', CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 240-260.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

With the emerging concepts of smart cities and intelligent transportation systems, accurate traffic sensing and prediction have become critically important to support urban management and traffic control. In recent years, the rapid uptake of the Internet of Vehicles and the rising pervasiveness of mobile services have produced unprecedented amounts of data to serve traffic sensing and prediction applications. However, it is significantly challenging to fulfill the computation demands by the big traffic data with ever-increasing complexity and diversity. Deep learning, with its powerful capabilities in representation learning and multi-level abstractions, has recently become the most effective approach in many intelligent sensing systems. In this paper, we present an up-to-date literature review on the most advanced research works in deep learning for intelligent traffic sensing and prediction.

Fang, Z, Hu, J, Lu, Y & Ni, W 2020, 'Three-User Cooperative NOMA Transmission', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 465-469.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2012 IEEE. This letter presents a new downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission scheme to serve three users within only two time slots. The scheme involves a base station (BS), two direct-link users and one indirect-link user. The BS sends superposed signals to the two direct-link users which decode and forward the signals to the indirect-link user in an alternating fashion. Closed-form expression is derived for the sum-rate of the proposed scheme and a simple expression of sum-rate is also derived in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. In the presence of strong inter-user interference (IUI), the proposed scheme can be applied by having each direct-link user to detect the IUI first and then cancel the IUI to decode the signals destined for the indirect-link user and itself. Simulation results show that the scheme with configurable decoding orders at the users is able to achieve a higher sum-rate than existing orthogonal multiple access (OMA) based alternatives.

Fang, Z, Shen, S, Liu, J, Ni, W & Jamalipour, A 2020, 'New NOMA-Based Two-Way Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 15314-15324.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Farrok, O, Islam, MR, Muttaqi, KM, Sutanto, D & Zhu, J 2020, 'Design and Optimization of a Novel Dual-Port Linear Generator for Oceanic Wave Energy Conversion', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 3409-3418.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ferro, V, Chuai, M, McGloin, D & Weijer, C 2020, 'Measurement of junctional tension in epithelial cells at the onset of primitive streak formation in the chick embryo via non-destructive optical manipulation', Development, vol. 147, no. 3, pp. 1-1-.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Directional cell intercalations of epithelial cells during gastrulation has in several organisms been shown to be associated with a planar cell polarity in the organisation of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton and is postulated to reflect directional tension that drives oriented cell intercalations. We have characterised and applied a recently introduced non-destructive optical manipulation technique to measure the tension in individual epithelial cell junctions of cells in various locations and orientations in the epiblast of chick embryos in the early stages of primitive streak formation. Junctional tension of mesendoderm precursors in the epiblast is higher in junctions oriented in the direction of intercalation than in junctions oriented perpendicular to the direction of intercalation and higher than in junctions of other cells in the epiblast. The kinetic data are fitted best with a simple visco-elastic Maxwell model and we find that junctional tension and to a lesser extent viscoelastic relaxation time are dependent on myosin activity.

Gao, X, Zhang, T, Du, J & Guo, YJ 2020, '340 GHz Double-Sideband Mixer Based on Antenna-Coupled High-Temperature Superconducting Josephson Junction', IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 21-31.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2011-2012 IEEE. Wireless communication and sensing are moving from microwave, millimeter-wave into the terahertz (THz) frequency regime to meet the fast growing demand of ultrahigh data-rate communications and super resolution imaging. Faced with severe atmospheric absorption attenuation and the lack of power efficient transmitting source at the higher band, ultrasensitive and cost-effective receiver frontend technology is required for advanced THz wireless systems. To date, the most sensitive heterodyne mixers, the key components of frontend receiver systems, are based on low-temperature superconducting materials that operate at liquid helium (4.2 K) temperature range, requiring expensive and bulky cryogenic cooling systems thus hindering them from commercial applications such as wireless communications and sensing. In this article, we present a 340 GHz double-sideband fundamental mixer based on thin-film antenna-coupled high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson junction that operates at a much higher temperature range attainable with smaller and cheaper cryocoolers. Based on our innovative work in terms of advanced device circuit and on-chip antenna designs, accurate parametric simulation analyses, and Josephson junction parameter optimizations, the reported mixer exhibits a measured noise temperature of 470 and 780 K at operating temperatures of 20 and 40 K respectively at 340 GHz, a performance significantly higher than any HTS THz mixers reported to date.

Gautam, S, Dah‐Chuan Lu, D, Xiao, W & Lu, Y 2020, 'Realisation of RPS from electrical home appliances in a smart home energy management system', IET Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11-21.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved. With the increasing integration of photovoltaic power generation in the low-voltage distribution network, the grid voltage regulation becomes critical, which demands support from different resources. This study presents the feasibility study of home appliance to be applied for appliance to grid mode of operation. The analysis includes the amendments in topology and control to support the concept of supportive platform provided by smart home and smart grid. Home appliances are then proposed as new distributed reactive sources, which are utilised to resolve the issue of voltage regulation, as well as produce reactive power locally for voltage stability. This study discusses the technical transitions in current home appliance to accommodate auxiliary functionality of grid reactive power support (RPS) and how it can fit in the home energy management system architecture to provide the required RPS.

Ghasemi, M, Davoudkhani, IF, Akbari, E, Rahimnejad, A, Ghavidel, S & Li, L 2020, 'A novel and effective optimization algorithm for global optimization and its engineering applications: Turbulent Flow of Water-based Optimization (TFWO)', Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 92, pp. 103666-103666.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd In this study we present a new and effective grouping optimization algorithm (namely, the Turbulent Flow of Water-based Optimization (TFWO)), inspired from a nature search phenomenon, i.e. whirlpools created in turbulent flow of water, for global real-world optimization problems. In the proposed algorithm, the problem of selecting control parameters is eliminated, the convergence power is increased and the algorithm have a fixed structure. The proposed algorithm is used to find the global solutions of real-parameter benchmark functions with different dimensions. Besides, in order to further investigate the effectiveness of TFWO, it was used to solve various types of nonlinear Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) optimization problems in power systems and Reliability–RedundancyAllocation Optimization (RRAO) for the overspeed protection system of a gas turbine, as two real-world engineering optimization problems. The results of TFWO are compared with other algorithms, which provide evidence for efficient performance with superior solution quality of the proposed TFWO algorithm in solving a great range of real-parameter benchmark and real-world engineering problems. Also, the results prove the competitive performance and robustness of TFWO algorithm compared to other state-of-the-art optimization algorithms in this study. The source codes of the TFWO algorithm are publicly available at https://github.com/ebrahimakbary/TFWO.

Ghavidel, S, Ghadi, MJ, Azizivahed, A, Aghaei, J, Li, L & Zhang, J 2020, 'Risk-Constrained Bidding Strategy for a Joint Operation of Wind Power and CAES Aggregators', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 457-466.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2010-2012 IEEE. This paper proposes a coordinated strategy of a hybrid power plant (HPP), which includes a wind power aggregator and a commercial compressed air energy storage (CAES) aggregator to participate in three electricity markets (day-ahead, intraday, and balancing markets). The CAES aggregator has an extra ability which is called a simple-cycle mode operation that makes it works like a gas turbine when needed, which helps the HPP to economically handle the miscalculations of the wind power and electricity price predictions. The coordinated strategy of the HPP is formulated as a three-stage stochastic optimization problem. To control the financial risks, the conditional value-at-risk model is added to the optimization problem. Moreover, the proposed offering method is capable of submitting both bidding quantity and curves to the day-ahead market. A mixed integer linear programming formulation is written for the problem that can be easily solved by commercially available software such as GAMS. The results that were tested on a realistic-based case study located in Spain show the applicability of the suggested method to increase the joint operation profit and decrease the financial risks.

Gong, S, Lu, X, Hoang, DT, Niyato, D, Shu, L, Kim, DI & Liang, Y-C 2020, 'Toward Smart Wireless Communications via Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: A Contemporary Survey', IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2283-2314.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1998-2012 IEEE. This paper presents a literature review on recent applications and design aspects of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in the future wireless networks. Conventionally, the network optimization has been limited to transmission control at two endpoints, i.e., end users and network controller. The fading wireless channel is uncontrollable and becomes one of the main limiting factors for performance improvement. The IRS is composed of a large array of scattering elements, which can be individually configured to generate additional phase shifts to the signal reflections. Hence, it can actively control the signal propagation properties in favor of signal reception, and thus realize the notion of a smart radio environment. As such, the IRS's phase control, combined with the conventional transmission control, can potentially bring performance gain compared to wireless networks without IRS. In this survey, we first introduce basic concepts of the IRS and the realizations of its reconfigurability. Then, we focus on applications of the IRS in wireless communications. We overview different performance metrics and analytical approaches to characterize the performance improvement of IRS-assisted wireless networks. To exploit the performance gain, we discuss the joint optimization of the IRS's phase control and the transceivers' transmission control in different network design problems, e.g., rate maximization and power minimization problems. Furthermore, we extend the discussion of IRS-assisted wireless networks to some emerging use cases. Finally, we highlight important practical challenges and future research directions for realizing IRS-assisted wireless networks in beyond 5G communications.

Gong, S, Zou, Y, Hoang, DT, Xu, J, Cheng, W & Niyato, D 2020, 'Capitalizing Backscatter-Aided Hybrid Relay Communications With Wireless Energy Harvesting', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 8709-8721.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Gong, Y, Zhang, L, Yu, K & Liu, R 2020, 'Exploring Uplink Achievable Rate for HPO MIMO Through Quasi-Monte Carlo and Variance Reduction Techniques', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 75874-75883.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Grymin, R, Bożejko, W, Chaczko, Z, Pempera, J & Wodecki, M 2020, 'Algorithm for solving the Discrete-Continuous Inspection Problem', Archives of Control Sciences, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 653-666.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The article introduces an innovative approch for the inspection challenge that represents a generalization of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem. Its priciple idea is to visit continuous areas (circles) in a way, that minimizes travelled distance. In practice, the problem can be defined as an issue of scheduling unmanned aerial vehicle which has discrete-continuous nature. In order to solve this problem the use of local search algorithms is proposed.

Guo, K & Guo, Y 2020, '3D Nonlinear Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Model Analysis of a Flux Reversal Linear Rotary Permanent Magnet Machine', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 35, no. 20, pp. 4278-4286.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

An improved 3D nonlinear equivalent magnetic circuit model (EMCM) of a flux reversal linear rotary permanent magnet machine (FR-LRPMM) was established by adding a variable reluctance unit to 3D magnetic circuit structure. The magnetic reluctance expressions of the stator and mover sections were derived by magnetic nodal method. The reluctance of the variable-reluctance unit was derived by 2D finite element method (FEM), which changed from 0 to infinity periodically with different locations of the mover when it was in linear or rotary motion. The 3D air-gap permeance expression was derived by segmentation method. The electromagnetic characteristics, such as no-load air gap flux density, were calculated and analyzed by an iterative method. Compared with the 3D FEM, the calculation time of this proposed model is reduced greatly. The proposed model could take in account the saturation of the stator core material, PM local flux leakage and pole-pole flux leakage. The analyzed results of the electromagnetic characteristics, including the back EMF, cogging torque and detent force, are consistent with those of 3D FEM and test measurement, which verifies the improved EMCM.

Guo, K, Guo, Y & Li, J 2020, 'Decoupling Control Analysis of a Flux Reversal Linear Rotary Permanent Magnet Actuator', Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1693-1704.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ha, VKL, Chai, R & Nguyen, HT 2020, 'A Telepresence Wheelchair with 360-Degree Vision Using WebRTC', Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 369-369.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents an innovative approach to develop an advanced 360-degree vision telepresence wheelchair for healthcare applications. The study aims at improving a wide field of view surrounding the wheelchair to provide safe wheelchair navigation and efficient assistance for wheelchair users. A dual-fisheye camera is mounted in front of the wheelchair to capture images which can be then streamed over the Internet. A web real-time communication (WebRTC) protocol was implemented to provide efficient video and data streaming. An estimation model based on artificial neural networks was developed to evaluate the quality of experience (QoE) of video streaming. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed telepresence wheelchair system was able to stream a 360-degree video surrounding the wheelchair smoothly in real-time. The average streaming rate of the entire 360-degree video was 25.83 frames per second (fps), and the average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was 29.06 dB. Simulation results of the proposed QoE estimation scheme provided a prediction accuracy of 94%. Furthermore, the results showed that the designed system could be controlled remotely via the wireless Internet to follow the desired path with high accuracy. The overall results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach for the 360-degree vision telepresence wheelchair for assistive technology applications.

Hasan, SU, Hassan, HA, Scott, MJ, Siwakoti, YP, Town, G & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'Common-Ground Transformerless Inverter with Virtual DC Bus Concept for Single-Phase PV Systems', IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 538-548.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. This study investigates a single-phase common-ground transformerless inverter topology for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The inverter shares a common ground with the grid and utilizes minimal components for power conversion, making it suitable for use as an integrated microinverter for solar PV modules. The peak of the ac output voltage is the same as the input DC voltage, and a virtual DC bus capacitor is used to provide power during the negative cycle of the inverter. A simple unipolar sinusoidal pulse-width modulation technique is used to modulate the inverter minimizing switching loss, output filter requirements, and output current ripple. Moreover, a double-charging process is employed to minimize the inrush charging current of the virtual DC bus capacitor. Various operating states along with the design guidelines for choosing the constituent components are presented. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are presented for a 1 kW prototype to validate the proposed topology.

Hasanpour, S, Siwakoti, Y & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'Hybrid cascaded high step‐up DC/DC converter with continuous input current for renewable energy applications', IET Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 15, pp. 3487-3495.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hasanpour, S, Siwakoti, Y & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'New Single‐Switch quadratic boost DC/DC converter with Low voltage stress for renewable energy applications', IET Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 19, pp. 4592-4600.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hassan, M, Shah, R & Hossain, J 2020, 'Frequency regulation of multiple asynchronous grids using adaptive droop in high‐voltage direct current system', IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1389-1399.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hassan, W, Soon, JL, Dah-Chuan Lu, D & Xiao, W 2020, 'A High Conversion Ratio and High-Efficiency Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With Reduced Voltage Stress', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 11827-11842.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1986-2012 IEEE. A dc-dc converter is proposed to achieve a high voltage conversion ratio for bidirectional power flow applications. The nonisolated topology is optimally designed to integrate both the switched capacitor and coupled inductor techniques for high efficiency. The windings of the coupled inductor are stacked at the low voltage source, which transfers any leakage energy of the coupled inductor directly into the output port and simplifies the clamping circuit. The optimal design keeps the voltage stress on the main switches low for the entire duty cycle operation. Thus, the converter demonstrates the advantage of wide-voltage gain based on common ground and low and steady voltage stress in both buck and boost modes of its operation. Furthermore, the converter can realize zero-voltage switching through the synchronous rectifiers without requiring extra hardware circuitry to enhance conversion efficiency. The operation principle, including the steady-state analysis, dynamic modeling, controller design, efficiency analysis, and optimization, are discussed in detail and verified by the experimental test. The prototype substantiates the theoretical analysis and soft-switching operation. The converter exhibits the capability for load and line regulation and demonstrates a peak efficiency of 96.38% in the boost mode and 95.61% in the buck mode of operation.

Hayat, T, Afzal, MU, Ahmed, F, Zhang, S, Esselle, KP & Vardaxoglou, Y 2020, 'Low-Cost Ultrawideband High-Gain Compact Resonant Cavity Antenna', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1271-1275.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

He, L, Lu, Z, Geng, L, Zhang, J, Li, X & Guo, X 2020, 'Environmental economic dispatch of integrated regional energy system considering integrated demand response', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 116, pp. 105525-105525.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd To reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, various low-emission measures have been taken in the power system, which are gradually intensifying the interdependency among different energy systems. Considering the carbon trading scheme and different air pollutant control technologies, this paper proposes an environmental economic dispatch model for the coordinated operation of an integrated regional energy system, which consists of a regional electricity supply network and a natural gas network, along with district energy hubs. Each energy hub contains a combined heat and power unit, a CO2-capture-based power to gas facility, a heat pump, a gas furnace and different energy storage facilities. To achieve an optimized balance between operational cost and emissions during the environmental economic dispatch of this integrated regional energy system, a price-based integrated demand response program is introduced in the energy hub. Then the proposed model is converted into a mixed-integer linear programming problem to find solutions efficiently. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed environmental economic dispatch model of the integrated regional energy system.

He, S, Huang, D, Feng, X, Deng, J, Li, J & Zhu, J 2020, 'Transient potential distribution on transformer winding considering the effect of core lamination stack', AIP Advances, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 015024-015024.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The potential distribution of windings under impulse voltage is very important for the design of transformer inter-turn insulation especially for large capacity transformers such as ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) converter transformer. Quite a lot of equivalent circuit models for transformer winding have been proposed for the potential distribution calculation assuming that the influence of magnetic core is negligible at frequencies higher than 10 kHz. However, lightning impulse or VFTO waveforms usually contain abundant frequency components higher than 10 kHz. At above situations the magnetic core plays an important role during the transient procedure. To obtain a more comprehensive model and also to provide a more accurate potential distribution of transformer winding, in this paper, a wide frequency magnetic properties of silicon steel sheet were measured and the relationship between relative permeability of lamination stack and frequency is studied and implemented in the calculation of frequency-dependent parameters such as resistance, self- and mutual-inductances. Then the equivalent circuit model of UHVDC converter transformer is established considering the properties of core lamination stack. Coding the program in MATLAB to solve the matrix equation and the potential distribution properties are extracted from the calculation results under lightning situation. The inter-turn potential distribution is also analyzed and the results may provide more accurate information for transformer inter-turn insulation design.

He, S, Lyu, X, Ni, W, Tian, H, Liu, RP & Hossain, E 2020, 'Virtual Service Placement for Edge Computing Under Finite Memory and Bandwidth', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 7702-7718.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1972-2012 IEEE. Edge computing allows an edge server to adaptively place virtual instances to serve different types of data. This article presents a new algorithm which jointly optimizes virtual service placement farsightedly and service data admission instantly to maximize the time-average service throughput of edge computing. The data admission is optimized, adapting to fast-changing data arrivals and wireless channels. The service placement is transformed into a two-dimensional knapsack problem by approximating future arrivals and channels with past observations, and solved over a slow timescale to allow services to be properly installed. Different from existing studies, our algorithm considers practical aspects of edge servers, such as finite memory size and bandwidth. We prove that the algorithm is asymptotically optimal and the optimality loss resulting from the approximation diminishes. Simulations show that our approach can improve the time-average throughput of existing alternatives by 16% for our considered simulation setup. The improvement becomes higher, as the memory size becomes increasingly tight. The number of services to be replaced is reduced without loss of throughput, after being placed farsightedly.

Hieu, NQ, Hoang, DT, Luong, NC & Niyato, D 2020, 'iRDRC: An Intelligent Real-Time Dual-Functional Radar-Communication System for Automotive Vehicles', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 2140-2143.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2012 IEEE. This letter introduces an intelligent Real-time Dual-functional Radar-Communication (iRDRC) system for autonomous vehicles (AVs). This system enables an AV to perform both radar and data communications functions to maximize bandwidth utilization as well as significantly enhance safety. In particular, the data communications function allows the AV to transmit data, e.g., of current traffic, to edge computing systems and the radar function is used to enhance the reliability and reduce the collision risks of the AV, e.g., under bad weather conditions. The problem of the iRDRC is to decide when to use the communication mode or the radar mode to maximize the data throughput while minimizing the miss detection probability of unexpected events given the uncertainty of surrounding environment. To solve the problem, we develop a deep reinforcement learning algorithm that allows the AV to quickly obtain the optimal policy without requiring any prior information about the environment. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms baseline schemes in terms of data throughput, miss detection probability, and convergence rate.

Hlalele, TG, Naidoo, RM, Bansal, RC & Zhang, J 2020, 'Multi-objective stochastic economic dispatch with maximal renewable penetration under renewable obligation', Applied Energy, vol. 270, pp. 115120-115120.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hlalele, TG, Naidoo, RM, Zhang, J & Bansal, RC 2020, 'Dynamic Economic Dispatch With Maximal Renewable Penetration Under Renewable Obligation', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 38794-38808.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hoang, TM, El Shafie, A, da Costa, DB, Duong, TQ, Tuan, HD & Marshall, A 2020, 'Security and Energy Harvesting for MIMO-OFDM Networks', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 2593-2606.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE We consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) network in which a source node, Alice, communicates with an energy-harvesting destination node, Bob, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. To secure the wireless transmission, Alice generates a hybrid artificial noise (AN) in both frequency and time domains. Moreover, in order to collect more energy, Bob splits the received signal power of the cyclic prefix of each OFDM block. We then propose two non-convex optimization problems to balance both the need for security and the need for harvesting energy at Bob. While one considers maximizing the secrecy rate, the other approach aims at maximizing the harvested energy. Path-following algorithms of low computational complexity are developed and evaluated. Our numerical results show the gain of our proposed scheme and the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.

Hoang, T-T, Duran, C, Nguyen, K-D, Dang, T-K, Nhu, QNQ, Than, PH, Tran, X-T, Le, D-H, Tsukamoto, A, Suzaki, K & Pham, C-K 2020, 'Low-power high-performance 32-bit RISC-V microcontroller on 65-nm silicon-on-thin-BOX (SOTB)', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 17, no. 20, pp. 20200282-20200282.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hoang, VT, Phung, MD, Dinh, TH & Ha, QP 2020, 'System Architecture for Real-Time Surface Inspection Using Multiple UAVs', IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 2925-2936.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hossein Abbasi, M, Taki, M, Rajabi, A, Li, L & Zhang, J 2020, 'Risk‐constrained offering strategies for a large‐scale price‐maker electric vehicle demand aggregator', IET Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 860-869.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hou, S, Ni, W, Zhao, S, Cheng, B, Chen, S & Chen, J 2020, 'Decentralized Real-Time Optimization of Voltage Reconfigurable Cloud Computing Data Center', IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 577-592.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2017 IEEE. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, and Adaptive Body Biasing are increasingly adopted hardware techniques to improve energy efficiency of multi-core servers by adjusting reconfigurable supply and body bias voltages. Existing algorithms cannot fulfill the potential of the techniques because random variations of workload and background traffic can lead to coupling of voltage configurations over time and hinder effective real-time reconfigurations. This paper proposes a new approach which enables multi-core servers to optimize in real-time their configurations under random traffic variations. The approach asymptotically minimizes the time-averaged energy consumption of cloud computing while maintaining platform stability in a fully decentralized fashion. Lyapunov optimization is employed to decouple and separately optimize the voltage configuration, inter- and intra-server offloading schedules among servers and over time. The voltage configuration which is non-convex is proved to increasingly exhibit convexity with growing workloads. The optimality loss from the non-convexity asymptotically diminishes. Simulations show our approach dramatically reduces the power if the cloud is lightly loaded, or converts the power to processing capacity otherwise. Embraced by theoretical breakthroughs, the approach can potentially revolutionize cloud computing.

Hu, S, Chen, X, Ni, W, Wang, X & Hossain, E 2020, 'Modeling and Analysis of Energy Harvesting and Smart Grid-Powered Wireless Communication Networks: A Contemporary Survey', IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 461-496.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2017 IEEE. The advancements in smart power grid and the advocation of 'green communications' have inspired the wireless communication networks to harness energy from ambient environments and operate in an energy-efficient manner for economic and ecological benefits. This article presents a contemporary review of recent breakthroughs on the utilization, redistribution, trading and planning of energy harvested in future wireless networks interoperating with smart grids. This article starts with classical models of renewable energy harvesting technologies. We embark on constrained operation and optimization of different energy harvesting wireless systems, such as point-to-point, multipoint-to-point, multipoint-to-multipoint, multi-hop, and multi-cell systems. We also review wireless power and information transfer technologies which provide a special implementation of energy harvesting wireless communications. A significant part of the article is devoted to the redistribution of redundant (unused) energy harvested within cellular networks, the energy planning under dynamic pricing when smart grids are in place, and two-way energy trading between cellular networks and smart grids. Applications of different optimization tools, such as convex optimization, Lagrangian dual-based method, subgradient method, and Lyapunov-based online optimization, are compared. This article also collates the potential applications of energy harvesting techniques in emerging (or upcoming) 5G/B5G communication systems. It is revealed that an effective redistribution and two-way trading of energy can significantly reduce the electricity bills of wireless service providers and decrease the consumption of brown energy. A list of interesting research directions are provided, requiring further investigation.

Hu, Z, Liu, RP, Ni, W, Wen, X, Lu, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2020, 'Analysis of Clustered Licensed-Assisted Access in Unlicensed Spectrum', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 349-360.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. Faced with explosive growth of data traffic and shortage of licensed spectrum, licensed-assisted access (LAA) to unlicensed spectrum has been proposed to boost system capacity. To ensure fair coexistence with WiFi systems, listen-before-talk mechanism has been standardized under LAA framework. However, in densely deployed urban networks, the system performance could severely deteriorate due to high collision probability. In this paper, we propose cooperative LAA (CLAA), where multiple LAA small base stations form a cluster and construct a virtual multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO)/multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system to transmit data cooperatively. CLAA can effectively reduce the number of contending nodes, thereby alleviating transmission collisions. A closed-form expression for the upper bound sum rate of the cluster is derived. Markov analysis is employed to derive the system collision probability and throughput for WiFi and LTE. Our analytical results point to an adequate cluster sizes, where the highest system throughput can be achieved. Extensive simulations confirm the validity of the proposed approach, and demonstrate that CLAA can increase by up to 27% the overall system throughput, and improve by 30% in fairness.

Huang, L, Yang, Q, Wu, J, Huang, Y, Wu, Q & Xu, J 2020, 'Generated Data With Sparse Regularized Multi-Pseudo Label for Person Re-Identification', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 27, pp. 391-395.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1994-2012 IEEE. Recently, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has been adopted to improve person re-identification (person re-ID) performance through data augmentation. However, directly leveraging generated data to train a re-ID model may easily lead to over-fitting issue on these extra data and decrease the generalisability of model to learn true ID-related features from real data. Inspired by the previous approach which assigns multi-pseudo labels on the generated data to reduce the risk of over-fitting, we propose to take sparse regularization into consideration. We attempt to further improve the performance of current re-ID models by using the unlabeled generated data. The proposed Sparse Regularized Multi-Pseudo Label (SRMpL) can effectively prevent the over-fitting issue when some larger weights are assigned to the generated data. Our experiments are carried out on two publicly available person re-ID datasets (e.g., Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID). Compared with existing unlabeled generated data re-ID solutions, our approach achieves competitive performance. Two classical re-ID models are used to verify our sparse regularization label on generated data, i.e., an ID-embedding network and a two-stream network.

Huang, W, Hua, W, Chen, F & Zhu, J 2020, 'Enhanced Model Predictive Torque Control of Fault-Tolerant Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Harmonic Restraint and Voltage Preselection', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 6259-6269.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Huang, W, Hua, W, Chen, F, Hu, M & Zhu, J 2020, 'Model Predictive Torque Control With SVM for Five-Phase PMSM Under Open-Circuit Fault Condition', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 5531-5540.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Huang, Y, Song, R, Argha, A, Savkin, AV, Celler, BG & Su, SW 2020, 'Continuous Description of Human 3D Motion Intent Through Switching Mechanism', IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 277-286.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2001-2011 IEEE. Post-stroke motor recovery highly relies on voluntarily participating in active rehabilitation as early as possible for promoting the reorganization of the patient's brain. In this paper, a new method is proposed which manipulates cable-based rehabilitation robots to assist multi-joint body motions. This uses an electromyography (EMG) decoder for continuous estimation of voluntary motion intention to establish a cooperative human-machine interface for promoting the participation in rehabilitation exercises. In particular, for multi-joint complex tasks in three-dimensional space, a switching mechanism has been developed which can carve up tasks into separate simple motions. For each simple motion, a linear six-inputs and three-outputs time-invariant model is established respectively. The inputs are the processed muscle activations of six arm muscles, and the outputs are voluntary forces of participants when executing a multi-directional tracking task with visual feedback. The experiments for examining the decoder model and EMG-based controller include model training, testing and controller application phases with seven healthy participants. Experimental results demonstrate that the decoder model with the switching mechanism could effectively recognize arm movement intention and provide appropriate assistance to the participants. This study finds that the switching mechanism can improve both the model estimation accuracy and the completeness for executing complex tasks.

Huang, Y, Xu, J, Wu, Q, Zhong, Y, Zhang, P & Zhang, Z 2020, 'Beyond Scalar Neuron: Adopting Vector-Neuron Capsules for Long-Term Person Re-Identification', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 3459-3471.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Current person re-identification (re-ID) works mainly focus on the short-term scenario where a person is less likely to change clothes. However, in the long-term re-ID scenario, a person has a great chance to change clothes. A sophisticated re-ID system should take such changes into account. To facilitate the study of long-term re-ID, this paper introduces a large-scale re-ID dataset called “Celeb-reID” to the community. Unlike previous datasets, the same person can change clothes in the proposed Celeb-reID dataset. Images of Celeb-reID are acquired from the Internet using street snap-shots of celebrities. There is a total of 1,052 IDs with 34,186 images making Celeb-reID being the largest long-term re-ID dataset so far. To tackle the challenge of cloth changes, we propose to use vector-neuron (VN) capsules instead of the traditional scalar neurons (SN) to design our network. Compared with SN, one extra-dimensional information in VN can perceive cloth changes of the same person. We introduce a well-designed ReIDCaps network and integrate capsules to deal with the person re-ID task. Soft Embedding Attention (SEA) and Feature Sparse Representation (FSR) mechanisms are adopted in our network for performance boosting. Experiments are conducted on the proposed long-term re-ID dataset and two common short-term re-ID datasets. Comprehensive analyses are given to demonstrate the challenge exposed in our datasets. Experimental results show that our ReIDCaps can outperform existing state-of-the-art methods by a large margin in the long-term scenario. The new dataset and code will be released to facilitate future researches.

Ibrahim, IA, Hossain, MJ & Duck, BC 2020, 'An Optimized Offline Random Forests-Based Model for Ultra-Short-Term Prediction of PV Characteristics', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 202-214.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2005-2012 IEEE. The fluctuation of meteorological data causes random changes in photovoltaic (PV) performance, which may negatively affect the stability and reliability of the electrical grid. This paper proposes a new ultra-short-term offline hybrid prediction model for PV I-V characteristic curves based on the dynamic characteristics of the meteorological data on a 15-min basis. The proposed hybrid prediction model is a combination of the random forests (RFs) prediction technique and the ant-lion optimizer (ALO). ALO is used to optimize the hyper-parameters of the RFs model, which aims to improve its performance in terms of accuracy and computational time. The performance of the proposed hybrid prediction model is compared with that of conventional RFs, RFs-iteration, generalized regression neural network (GRNN), GRNN-iteration, GRNN-ALO, a cascade-forward neural network (CFNN), CFNN-iteration, CFNN-ALO, feed-forward neural network (FFNN), FFNN-iteration, and FFNN-ALO models. The result shows that the I-V characteristic-curve prediction accuracy, in terms of the root-mean-squared error, mean bias error, and mean absolute percentage error of the proposed model are 0.0091 A, 0.0028 A, and 0.1392%, respectively, with an accuracy of 99.86%. Moreover, the optimization, training, and testing times are 162.15, 10.1919, and 0.1237 s, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model performs better than the aforementioned models and the other existing models in the literature. Accordingly, the proposed hybrid (RFs-ALO) offline model can significantly improve the accuracy of PV performance prediction, especially in grid-connected PV system applications.

Ibrahim, IA, Hossain, MJ, Duck, BC & Fell, CJ 2020, 'An Adaptive Wind-Driven Optimization Algorithm for Extracting the Parameters of a Single-Diode PV Cell Model', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1054-1066.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2010-2012 IEEE. This paper presents a new methodology to extract the unknown parameters of a single-diode photovoltaic (PV) cell model. The first contribution of this paper is the development and implementation of a new version of the wind-driven optimization algorithm, called an adaptive wind-driven optimization (AWDO) algorithm. The advantages of the AWDO algorithm are: 1) accurate extraction of the global values of the optimized PV parameters in changing weather conditions, which is achieved by building solutions from random operations; and 2) capability of handling the given complex multi-modal and multi-dimensional optimization problems. The second contribution is the identification of a generalization model to generalize the extracted parameters of a single-diode PV cell model. That provides an ability of the proposed methodology to work with any I-V characteristic curve of PV cells and at any weather condition on a 15-min basis. To validate the proposed methodology, it has been tested for 1307 I-V characteristic curves of a PV module at various weather conditions on a 15-min basis. Additionally, its accuracy and computational efficiency are verified and compared with five well-known existing extraction methods: Villalva's model, particle swarm optimization, biogeography-based optimization, Gang's model, and bacterial foraging optimization by both simulation and outdoor measurements. The results show that the AWDO algorithm can provide the extracted five parameters with an acceptable range of accuracy and faster than the aforementioned models. Therefore, the proposed methodology (AWDO based on Chenlo's model) can be confidently recommended as a reliable, feasible, valuable, and fast optimization algorithm for parameter extraction of a single-diode PV cell model.

Ibrahim, IA, Hossain, MJ, Duck, BC & Nadarajah, M 2020, 'An improved wind driven optimization algorithm for parameters identification of a triple-diode photovoltaic cell model', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 213, pp. 112872-112872.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The double-diode photovoltaic cell model is insufficient to accurately characterize the different current components of a photovoltaic cell. Therefore, the triple-diode model of a photovoltaic cell is considered to model its complicated physical characteristics by clearly defining the different current components of the photovoltaic cell. The identification of its unknown parameters is a complex, multi-modal and multi-variable optimization problem. An improved wind driven optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper to identify its nine unknown parameters. The proposed method is a combination of the mutation strategy of the differential evolution algorithm and the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy of the wind driven optimization algorithm. The mutation strategy aims to bolster the exploration ability of the improved wind driven optimization algorithm, while the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy based on wind driven optimization algorithm aims to improve the searching of the classical wind driven optimization algorithm. Therefore, improved wind driven optimization algorithm is more accurate and faster than the classical wind driven optimization algorithm in finding the global optimum and balancing exploration and exploitation. The proposed model has been utilized on 15-minute interval data to identify the unknown parameters of three commercial photovoltaic technologies, namely, mono-crystalline, poly-crystalline and thin-film. To show the effectiveness of the proposed model, its performance is validated by comparing it with that obtained by the classical wind driven optimization, the adaptive wind driven optimization, moth-flame optimizer, sunflower optimization and the improved opposition-based whale optimization algorithms. The results demonstrate that improved wind driven optimization outperforms the aforementioned models in accuracy, convergence speed and feasibility. In addition, improved wind driv...

Imran, K, Ullah, K, Khattak, A, Zhang, J, Pal, A, Rafique, MN & Baig, SM 2020, 'Matchmaking model for bilateral trading decisions of load serving entity', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 183, pp. 106281-106281.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Imran, K, Zhang, J, Pal, A, Khattak, A, Ullah, K & Baig, SM 2020, 'Bilateral negotiations for electricity market by adaptive agent-tracking strategy', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 186, pp. 106390-106390.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Islam, M, Nadarajah, M & Hossain, MJ 2020, 'A Grid-Support Strategy With PV Units to Boost Short-Term Voltage Stability Under Asymmetrical Faults', IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1120-1131.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Islam, M, Nadarajah, M & Hossain, MJ 2020, 'Dynamic voltage stability of unbalanced DNs with high penetration of roof‐top PV units', International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 30, no. 12.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Islam, MR, Lu, H, Hossain, J, Islam, MR & Li, L 2020, 'Multiobjective Optimization Technique for Mitigating Unbalance and Improving Voltage Considering Higher Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Distributed Generation', IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 3676-3686.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2007-2012 IEEE. The increasing penetration of distributed generations (DGs) and electric vehicles (EVs) offers not only several opportunities but also introduces many challenges for the distribution system operators (DSOs) regarding power quality. This article investigates the network performances due to uncoordinated DG and EV distribution. It also considers power quality-related performances such as the neutral current, energy loss, voltage imbalance, and bus voltage as a multiobjective optimization problem. The differential evolution optimization algorithm is employed to solve the multiobjective optimization problem to coordinate EV and DG in a distribution grid. This article proposed a method to coordinate EV and DG distribution. The proposed method allows DSOs to jointly optimize the phase sequence and optimal dispatch of DGs to improve the network's performance. If the network requires further improvement, the EV charging or discharging rate is coordinated for a particular location. The efficacy of the proposed method is tested in an Australian low-voltage distribution grid considering the amount of imbalance due to higher penetration of DG and EV. It is observed that the proposed method reduces voltage unbalance factor by up to 98.24%, neutral current up to 94%, and energy loss by 59.45%, and improve bus voltage by 10.42%.

Islam, MR, Lu, H, Islam, MR, Hossain, J & Li, L 2020, 'An IoT- Based Decision Support Tool for Improving the Performance of Smart Grids Connected with Distributed Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 1-1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Jabbari Ghadi, M, Azizivahed, A, Rajabi, A, Ghavidel, S, Li, L, Zhang, J, Shafie-Khah, M & Catalao, JPS 2020, 'Day-Ahead Market Participation of an Active Distribution Network Equipped With Small-Scale CAES Systems', IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2966-2979.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2010-2012 IEEE. Large-scale compressed air energy storage (CAES) is conventionally used in power systems. However, application of CAESs at the distribution level is limited because of differences in design and efficiency. On the other hand, application of electrical batteries suited for distribution networks (DNs) faces also challenges from high investment cost and significant degradation. In this regard, this paper presents the participation of an active distribution system equipped with a small-scale CAES (SCAES) in the day-ahead wholesale market. To make CAES applicable to DNs, thermal-electrical setting design of the SCAES coupled with a packed-bed heat exchanger is adopted in the operation of the grid, where SCAES performs as an energy storage for DNs to surpass existing deficiencies of battery banks. The electrical/thermal conversion rate has been modeled for the SCAES operation. Moreover, the operation strategy of the SCAES is optimally coordinated with an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) as an alternative energy storage technology in deregulated DNs. To make EVCS simulation more realistic, Gaussian Copula probability distribution function is used to model the behavior of the EVCS. The results obtained from different case studies confirm the value of SCAES as a reliable energy storage technology for DNs.

Jafarizadeh, S, Tofigh, F, Lipman, J & Abolhasan, M 2020, 'Optimizing synchronizability in networks of coupled systems', Automatica, vol. 112, pp. 108711-108711.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Of collective behaviors in networks of coupled systems, synchronization is of central importance and an extensively studied area. This is due to the fact that it is essential for the proper functioning of a wide variety of natural and engineered systems. Traditionally, uniform coupling strength has been the default choice and the synchronizability measure has been employed for analysis and enhancement of synchronizability. The main drawback of optimizing the synchronizability measure is that it can reach the Pareto frontier but not necessarily a unique point on the Pareto frontier. Additionally, the shortcoming of uniform coupling strength is that it can reach Pareto frontier in specific topologies including edge-transitive graphs. To achieve a unique optimal answer on the Pareto frontier, this paper takes a different approach and addresses the synchronizability in networks of coupled dynamical systems with nonuniform coupling strength and optimizing the synchronizability via maximizing the minimum distance between the nonzero eigenvalues of the Laplacian and the acceptable boundaries for the stability of the system. Furthermore, two solution methods, namely the concave–convex fractional programming and the Semidefinite Programming (SDP) formulations of the problem have been provided. The proposed solution methods have been compared over different topologies and branches of an arbitrary network, where the SDP based approach has shown to be less restricted and more suitable for a wider range of topologies.

Jamborsalamati, P, Hossain, MJ, Taghizadeh, S, Konstantinou, G, Manbachi, M & Dehghanian, P 2020, 'Enhancing Power Grid Resilience Through an IEC61850-Based EV-Assisted Load Restoration', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1799-1810.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2005-2012 IEEE. Contrary to reliability analysis in power systems with the main mission on safely and securely withstanding credible contingencies in day-to-day operations, resilience assessments are centered on high-impact low probability (HILP) events in the grid. This paper proposes an autonomous load restoration architecture founded on IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE communication protocol to engender an enhanced feeder-level resilience in active power distribution grids. Different from the past research on outage management solutions, most of which 1) are not resilience-driven; 2) are reactive solutions to local single-fault events; and 3) do not address both network built-in flexibilities and flexible resources. The proposed solution harnesses 1) the imported power and flexibility from the neighboring networks; 2) distributed energy resources; and 3) vehicle to grid capacity of electric vehicles aggregations to enhance the feeder-level resourcefulness for agile response and recovery. Through real-time self-reconfiguration strategies, the suggested solution is capable of coping both single and subsequent outage events, and will engender a heightened resilience before and during the contingency period. Moreover, a resilience evaluation framework, which quantifies the contribution of all resources involved in service restoration, is developed. Real-time performance of the designed architecture is evaluated on a real-world power distribution grid using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop platform. Numerical case studies through a number of diverse scenarios demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed restoration solution in practicing an enhanced resilience in power distribution systems in response to HILP scenarios.

Jayawickrama, B & Huss, F 2020, 'Generation of Independent Rayleigh Faders for Discrete Signal', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1155-1158.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1997-2012 IEEE. Generating Rayleigh fading is a well investigated subject. However, most existing methods are fundamentally based on a sum-of-sinusoids, hence have a high computational complexity and become impractical when modelling massive MIMO systems. In this letter we present a novel recursive complex number multiplication method to generate Rayleigh fading for discrete signals. The computational complexity of the method is 75-94% less than all prominent sum-of-sinusoid methods. It also preserves the theoretically expected Bessel autocorrelation of a fading channel, zero cross-correlation between different fading channels and the power spectral density.

Jin, J, Zhang, R, Lin, Z, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Chen, X & Shen, B 2020, 'Modelling analysis of periodically arranged high-temperature superconducting tapes', Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, vol. 578, pp. 1353747-1353747.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Jin, P, Tian, Y, Lu, Y, Guo, Y, Lei, G & Zhu, J 2020, '3-D Analytical Magnetic Field Analysis of the Eddy Current Coupling With Halbach Magnets', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 1-4.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ju, M, Ding, C & Guo, YJ 2020, 'VROHI: Visibility Recovery for Outdoor Hazy Image in Scattering Media', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1-15.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2009-2012 IEEE. Additive haze model (AHM), due to its high simplicity, has a potential to increase the efficiency of the restoration procedure of images degraded by scattering media. However, AHM is designed for hazy remote sensing data and is not suitable to be used on outdoor images. In this paper, according to the low-frequency feature (LFC) of haze, AHM is modified via gamma correction technique to make it suitable for modeling outdoor images. Benefitting from the modified AHM (MAHM), a simple yet effective method called VROHI is proposed to enhance the visibility of an outdoor hazy image. In specific, a low complexity LFC extraction method is designed by utilizing characteristic of the discrete cosine transform. Subsequently, by constructing the linear function of unknown parameters and imposing the saturation prior on MAHM, the image dehazing problem can be derived into a global optimization function. Experiments reveal that the proposed VROHI is superior to the other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of both the processing efficiency and recovery quality.

Ju, M, Ding, C, Guo, YJ & Zhang, D 2020, 'IDGCP: Image Dehazing Based on Gamma Correction Prior', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 29, pp. 3104-3118.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1992-2012 IEEE. This paper introduces a novel and effective image prior, i.e., gamma correction prior (GCP), which leads to an efficient image dehazing method, i.e., IDGCP. A step-by-step procedure of the proposed IDGCP is as follows. First, an input hazy image is preprocessed by the proposed GCP, resulting in a homogeneous virtual transformation of the hazy image. Then, from the original input hazy image and its virtual transformation, the depth ratio is extracted based on atmospheric scattering theory. Finally, a 'global-wise' strategy and a vision indicator are employed to recover the scene albedo, thus restoring the hazy image. Unlike other image dehazing methods, IDGCP is based on the 'global-wise' strategy, and it only needs to determine one unknown constant without any refining process to attain a high-quality restoration, thereby leading to significantly reduced processing time and computation cost. Each step of IDGCP is tested experimentally to validate its robustness. Moreover, a series of experiments are conducted on a number of challenging images with IDGCP and other state-of-the-art technologies, demonstrating the superiority of IDGCP over the others in terms of restoration quality and implementation efficiency.

Karmokar, DK, Chen, S-L, Thalakotuna, D, Qin, P-Y, Bird, TS & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Continuous Backward-to-Forward Scanning 1-D Slot-Array Leaky-Wave Antenna With Improved Gain', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 89-93.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Karmokar, DK, Guo, YJ, Chen, S-L & Bird, TS 2020, 'Composite Right/Left-Handed Leaky-Wave Antennas for Wide-Angle Beam Scanning With Flexibly Chosen Frequency Range', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 100-110.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 IEEE. A composite right/left-handed (CRLH) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) can effectively scan the radiation beam from backward-to-forward direction. However, in most cases, a large range of frequency sweep is required to achieve a wide-angle beam scan, which could limit their applications. An in-depth study is conducted on an equivalent circuit model for a CRLH LWA unit cell to find the controlling parameters on the frequency sweeping range. A systematic design guideline is given for a CRLH LWA for a wide-angle beam scan in a flexibly chosen frequency range. It is shown that beam scanning by sweeping frequency in a target range can be achieved by systematically designing the unit cell parameters. To verify our approach, a novel CRLH unit cell is developed and used to design an LWA for a wide-angle beam scan in a narrow frequency range. Finally, the concept is validated through realization of the antenna and its measurement. The measured results show that the antenna prototype can scan its beam from -56° to +51° when frequency sweeps from 5.1 to 6.11 GHz (i.e., 18.02% of fractional bandwidth).

Kashif, M, Hossain, MJ, Fernandez, E, Taghizadeh, S, Sharma, V, Ali, SMN & Irshad, UB 2020, 'A Fast Time-Domain Current Harmonic Extraction Algorithm for Power Quality Improvement Using Three-Phase Active Power Filter', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 103539-103549.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. Harmonic current estimation is the key aspect of Active Power Filter (APF) control algorithms to generate a reference current for harmonic compensation. This paper proposes a novel structure for harmonic current estimation scheme based on Trigonometric Orthogonal Principle (TOP) and Self Tuning Filter (STF). The key advantages of the proposed method are its simplicity, low computational burden and faster execution time in comparison to the conventional harmonic current estimation approaches. The TOP method provides a simple and fast approach to extract the reference current, while STF provides a simplified structure to generate the required synchronization signal that eliminates the need of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) algorithm for synchronization. As a result, it exhibits less complexity in implementation and less consumption of microcontroller's resources; thus, the proposed method can be implemented using a low-cost microcontroller. It is shown in the paper that the proposed method provides 10 times gain in processing speed as compared to the conventional DQ method. The proposed approach is analyzed in detail, and its effectiveness and superior performance are verified using simulation and experimental results.

Khan, MA, Zhu, Y, Yao, Y, Zhang, P, Agrawal, A & Reece, PJ 2020, 'Impact of metal crystallinity-related morphologies on the sensing performance of plasmonic nanohole arrays', Nanoscale, vol. 12, no. 14, pp. 7577-7585.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Low surface roughness and large metal grain sizes improve the sensitivity of a plasmonic nanohole array sensor.

Khan, MNH, Forouzesh, M, Siwakoti, YP, Li, L & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'Switched Capacitor Integrated (2n + 1)-Level Step-Up Single-Phase Inverter', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 8248-8260.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1986-2012 IEEE. This article presents a novel switched capacitor (SC) based (2n + 1)-level single-phase inverter with a reduced number of components and input dc voltage supply. This inverter is designed in a way that just one dc source is required to generate different voltage levels. The circuit consists of three major parts, i.e., front-end boost stage, active SC cell(s) in the middle, and H-bridge inverter at the end. The total number of output voltage levels is up to (2n + 1) levels, where n ≥ 2 is the number of switching cells, which consists of three active switches and two capacitors. Compared with conventional SC-based multilevel inverter topologies, the proposed topology features many advantages, such as low number of semiconductor devices, quasi-resonant charging of capacitors that reduce the inrush current and current stress on the devices, self-balancing of capacitor, and reduced voltage stress on the switches. Moreover, a simple sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation technique is employed here to generate the modulation signals for the proposed inverter. The operating principle is presented in detail followed by comparative analysis, thermal modeling, and design guidelines. Finally, computer simulation and laboratory test results are carried out for a five-level inverter with one SC cells as well as a seven-level inverter with two SC cells as two examples to verify the performance of the proposed (2n + 1)-level inverter. Measurement results show that the proposed inverter has the 96.5 ± 1% efficiency over a wide range of load with a peak efficiency of 98.56%.

Khan, MNH, Forouzesh, M, Siwakoti, YP, Li, L, Kerekes, T & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'Transformerless Inverter Topologies for Single-Phase Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Review', IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 805-835.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. In photovoltaic (PV) applications, a transformer is often used to provide galvanic isolation and voltage ratio transformations between input and output. However, these conventional iron-and copper-based transformers increase the weight/size and cost of the inverter while reducing the efficiency and power density. It is therefore desirable to avoid using transformers in the inverter. However, additional care must be taken to avoid safety hazards such as ground fault currents and leakage currents, e.g., via the parasitic capacitor between the PV panel and ground. Consequently, the grid connected transformerless PV inverters must comply with strict safety standards such as IEEE 1547.1, VDE0126-1-1, EN 50106, IEC61727, and AS/N ZS 5033. Various transformerless inverters have been proposed recently to eliminate the leakage current using different techniques such as decoupling the dc from the ac side and/or clamping the common mode (CM) voltage (CMV) during the freewheeling period, or using common ground configurations. The permutations and combinations of various decoupling techniques with integrated voltage buck-boost for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) allow numerous new topologies and configurations which are often confusing and difficult to follow when seeking to select the right topology. Therefore, to present a clear picture on the development of transformerless inverters for the next-generation grid-connected PV systems, this paper aims to comprehensively review and classify various transformerless inverters with detailed analytical comparisons. To reinforce the findings and comparisons as well as to give more insight on the CM characteristics and leakage current, computer simulations of major transformerless inverter topologies have been performed in PLECS software. Moreover, the cost and size are analyzed properly and summarized in a table. Finally, efficiency and thermal analysis are provided with a general summary as well as a tec...

Khan, MNH, Siwakoti, YP, Li, L & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'H-Bridge Zero-Voltage Switch-Controlled Rectifier Transformerless Midpoint-Clamped Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications', IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 4382-4394.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A single-phase transformerless mid-point clamped H-bridge zero-voltage switch-controlled rectifier inverter topology is proposed in this paper for photovoltaic (PV) systems to address the issue of common mode (CM) voltage and leakage currents. Apart from the full H-bridge inverter, the proposed voltage clamping circuit consists of two switches and a full-bridge diode which clamps the AC terminal to the DC midpoint (consisting of two DC-link capacitors) during the freewheeling period. As a result, the common mode voltage is held constant which makes it suitable for the grid-connected PV system. The operating principle and CM effect of the proposed topology are analysed and compared with the conventional topologies. This is followed by the thermal analysis and loss calculation, which shows that the proposed circuit is more efficient over the conventional topologies. Validation is carried out using MATLAB-Simulink using the PLECS toolbox followed by a scale down prototype of 1.5 kW. It is shown that the proposed inverter has the 98±1% efficiency over a wide range of loads with a peak efficiency of 98.96%, and the total harmonic distortion of the output current relatively low (≤1.8 %). The leakage current (icm) is measured for different values of parasitic capacitance that reaches a maximum of 16.65 mA for 330 nF capacitor under consideration which is well below the limit set by different safety standards

Khan, SA, Guo, Y, Siwakoti, YP, Lu, DD-C & Zhu, J 2020, 'A Disturbance Rejection-Based Control Strategy for Five-Level T-Type Hybrid Power Converters With Ripple Voltage Estimation Capability', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 7364-7374.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1982-2012 IEEE. This article proposes a robust control strategy for five-level T-type (5L-T) hybrid power converters to achieve superior dynamic performance for effectively regulating the dc-bus voltage under external disturbances and generating high-quality grid current at the same time. A new filter-less dc-bus ripple voltage estimation method and a simple technique to remove this ripple component from the measured dc-bus voltage of a single-phase converter are developed. A sliding-mode control (SMC) incorporated with an extended-state observer (ESO) is employed for the outer voltage control loop, and to dynamically calculate the input (i.e., the active power reference) for the inner current-tracking controller. The proposed SMC-ESO approach presents a high disturbance rejection capability and robustness against the dc-bus load variation, and thus, significantly improves the dynamic and steady-state performance during system uncertainties. Moreover, a finite control set-model predictive control algorithm is derived as the inner current controller to track their references while balancing the dc-bus capacitor voltages. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated and verified through measurement results.

Khan, SA, Guo, Y, Siwakoti, YP, Lu, DD-C & Zhu, J 2020, 'A Disturbance Rejection-Based Control Strategy for Five-Level T-Type Hybrid Power Converters With Ripple Voltage Estimation Capability.', IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 67, pp. 7364-7374.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Khan, TA & Ling, SH 2020, 'A survey of the state-of-the-art swarm intelligence techniques and their application to an inverse design problem', Journal of Computational Electronics, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1606-1628.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Koli, MNY, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Hashmi, RM 2020, 'A Radial Line Slot-Array Antenna With Low Side Lobes and a Uniform-Phase, Tapered-Amplitude Aperture Field Distribution', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 208532-208542.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Koli, MNY, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Hashmi, RM 2020, 'An All-Metal High-Gain Radial-Line Slot-Array Antenna for Low-Cost Satellite Communication Systems', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 139422-139432.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Kong, L, Liu, H, Zhu, X, Boon, CC, Li, C, Liu, Z & Yeo, KS 2020, 'Design of a Wideband Variable-Gain Amplifier With Self-Compensated Transistor for Accurate dB-Linear Characteristic in 65 nm CMOS Technology', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 4187-4198.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2004-2012 IEEE. A simple yet effective approach for variable-gain amplifier (VGA) design with accurate dB-linear characteristic is presented. In order to extend the bandwidth of the designed VGA with a minimized footprint, an inductorless-based approach is adopted. Moreover, a unique approach that exploits a self-compensated transistor to compensate dB-linear gain error is proposed. Consequently, the overall VGA has an accurate dB-linear inherent characteristic without using any additional exponential generator for gain control. To prove the concept, the designed VGA is fabricated in a standard 65 nm CMOS technology. The measured results show that the voltage gain of the designed VGA can be controlled from -19 dB to 21 dB with a gain error less than 1 dB. Meanwhile, more than 4 GHz of bandwidth can be achieved for the entire gain range. The power consumption of the VGA, excluding the output buffer, is 3.9 mW. The core circuit of this design only occupies an area of 0.012 mm2.

Kovaleva, M, Bulger, D & Esselle, KP 2020, 'Comparative Study of Optimization Algorithms on the Design of Broadband Antennas', IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques, vol. 5, pp. 89-98.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE Broadband antennas find many applications in modern communication systems, such as Wi-Fi, 5G and SatCom. Multiple competing optimization methods are available for the application to antenna design, while it would be preferable to know in advance if any method is superior. Here, an application of the cross-entropy method, along with particle swarm optimization and covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy, to the design of broadband antennas is presented. The first example is an aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna that has 9.5~dBi peak directivity and 53\% bandwidth after optimization. It is then used as a feed in a high-gain broadband resonant cavity antenna. Using an all-dielectric superstrate with a transverse permittivity gradient, a compact thin resonant cavity antenna with a peak directivity of 19~dBi and 40\% 3-dB bandwidth was designed. A comparative analysis of the cross-entropy method, particle swarm optimization and covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy applied to these two problems was carried out to provide the basis for further optimization of antennas in radio frequency and microwave frequency bands. We found that although all three methods reached a similar solution, the cross-entropy method has a speed advantage. It improves our ability to optimize existing designs and has wider applicability beyond antenna engineering.

Kovaleva, M, Bulger, D & Esselle, KP 2020, 'Cross-Entropy Method for Design and Optimization of Pixelated Metasurfaces', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 224922-224931.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lai, S, Fan, X, Ye, Q, Tan, Z, Zhang, Y, He, X & Nanda, P 2020, 'FairEdge: A Fairness-Oriented Task Offloading Scheme for Iot Applications in Mobile Cloudlet Networks', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 13516-13526.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lalbakhsh, A, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Smith, SL 2020, 'Low-Cost Nonuniform Metallic Lattice for Rectifying Aperture Near-Field of Electromagnetic Bandgap Resonator Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 3328-3335.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. This article addresses a critical issue, which has been overlooked, in relation to the design of phase-correcting structures (PCSs) for electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) resonator antennas (ERAs). All the previously proposed PCSs for ERAs are made using either several expensive radio frequency (RF) dielectric laminates or thick and heavy dielectric materials, contributing to very high fabrication cost, posing an industrial impediment to the application of ERAs. This article presents a new industrial-friendly generation of PCS, in which dielectrics, known as the main cause of high manufacturing cost, are removed from the PCS configuration, introducing an all-metallic PCS (AMPCS). Unlike existing PCSs, a hybrid topology of fully metallic spatial phase shifters are developed for the AMPCS, resulting in an extremely lower prototyping cost as that of other state-of-the-art substrate-based PCSs. The APMCS was fabricated using laser technology and tested with an ERA to verify its predicted performance. The results show that the phase uniformity of the ERA aperture has been remarkably improved, resulting in 8.4 dB improvement in the peak gain of the antenna and improved sidelobe levels (SLLs). The antenna system including APMCS has a peak gain of 19.42 dB with a 1 dB gain bandwidth of around 6%.

Le, AT, Tran, LC, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Analog Least Mean Square Loop for Self-Interference Cancellation: A Practical Perspective', Sensors, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 270-270.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Self-interference (SI) is the key issue that prevents in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communications from being practical. Analog multi-tap adaptive filter is an efficient structure to cancel SI since it can capture the nonlinear components and noise in the transmitted signal. Analog least mean square (ALMS) loop is a simple adaptive filter that can be implemented by purely analog means to sufficiently mitigate SI. Comprehensive analyses on the behaviors of the ALMS loop have been published in the literature. This paper proposes a practical structure and presents an implementation of the ALMS loop. By employing off-the-shelf components, a prototype of the ALMS loop including two taps is implemented for an IBFD system operating at the carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz. The prototype is firstly evaluated in a single carrier signaling IBFD system with 20 MHz and 50 MHz bandwidths, respectively. Measured results show that the ALMS loop can provide 39 dB and 33 dB of SI cancellation in the radio frequency domain for the two bandwidths, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of the roll-off factor of the pulse shaping filter on the SI cancellation level provided by the prototype is presented. Finally, the experiment with multicarrier signaling shows that the performance of the ALMS loop is the same as that in the single carrier system. These experimental results validate the theoretical analyses presented in our previous publications on the ALMS loop behaviors.

Le, AT, Tran, LC, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Beam-Based Analog Self-Interference Cancellation in Full-Duplex MIMO Systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2460-2471.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Le, AT, Tran, LC, Huang, X, Ritz, CH, Dutkiewicz, E, Phung, SL, Bouzerdoum, A & Franklin, DR 2020, 'Unbalanced Hybrid AOA/RSSI Localization for Simplified Wireless Sensor Networks.', Sensors, vol. 20, no. 14, pp. 3838-3838.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Source positioning using hybrid angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is attractive because no synchronization is required among unknown nodes and anchors. Conventionally, hybrid AOA/RSSI localization combines the same number of these measurements to estimate the agents’ locations. However, since AOA estimation requires anchors to be equipped with large antenna arrays and complicated signal processing, this conventional combination makes the wireless sensor network (WSN) complicated. This paper proposes an unbalanced integration of the two measurements, called 1AOA/nRSSI, to simplify the WSN. Instead of using many anchors with large antenna arrays, the proposed method only requires one master anchor to provide one AOA estimation, while other anchors are simple single-antenna transceivers. By simply transforming the 1AOA/1RSSI information into two corresponding virtual anchors, the problem of integrating one AOA and N RSSI measurements is solved using the least square and subspace methods. The solutions are then evaluated to characterize the impact of angular and distance measurement errors. Simulation results show that the proposed network achieves the same level of precision as in a fully hybrid nAOA/nRSSI network with a slightly higher number of simple anchors.

Le, AT, Tran, LC, Huang, X, Ritz, CH, Dutkiewicz, E, Phung, SL, Bouzerdoum, A & Franklin, DR 2020, 'Unbalanced Hybrid AOA/RSSI Localization for Simplified Wireless Sensor Networks.', Sensors, vol. 20, pp. 3838-3838.

Lee, SS, Lim, CS, Siwakoti, YP & Lee, K-B 2020, 'Hybrid 7-Level Boost Active-Neutral-Point- Clamped (H-7L-BANPC) Inverter', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 2044-2048.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The emerging active-neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) inverters with voltage-boosting capability are attractive for their low dc-link voltage requirement. These low voltage requirements enable a single-stage dc-ac power conversion, which improves the overall efficiency, reliability, and power density of the system. A high voltage gain of 1.5 was demonstrated in recent boost type ANPC topology; however, it was achieved at the expense of high voltage stress on some of its switching devices. This brief proposes an improved topology with reduced voltage stress and a lower number of components while retaining the merits of high voltage gain. The proposed topology is a hybrid of a T-type inverter and an H-bridge, which require only one floating capacitor and one less power switch than the aforementioned topology. One floating capacitor with self-voltage balancing capability is integrated to generate 7 output voltage levels. The proposed topology is analyzed and compared with recent boost ANPC topologies. Experimental results are presented for validation.

Lee, SS, Siwakoti, YP, Lim, CS & Lee, K-B 2020, 'An Improved PWM Technique to Achieve Continuous Input Current in Common-Ground Transformerless Boost Inverter.', IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 67-II, no. 12, pp. 3133-3136.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Li, C, Xie, H-B, Mengersen, K, Fan, X, Da Xu, RY, Sisson, SA & Van Huffel, S 2020, 'Bayesian Nonnegative Matrix Factorization With Dirichlet Process Mixtures', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 68, pp. 3860-3870.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is valuable in many applications of blind source separation, signal processing and machine learning. A number of algorithms that can infer nonnegative latent factors have been developed, but most of these assume a specific noise kernel. This is insufficient to deal with complex noise in real scenarios. In this paper, we present a hierarchical Dirichlet process nonnegative matrix factorization (DPNMF) model in which the Gaussian mixture model is used to approximate the complex noise distribution. Moreover, the model is cast in the nonparametric Bayesian framework by using Dirichlet process mixture to infer the necessary number of Gaussian components. We derive a mean-field variational inference algorithm for the proposed nonparametric Bayesian model. We first test the model on synthetic data sets contaminated by Gaussian, sparse and mixed noise. We then apply it to extract muscle synergies from the electromyographic (EMG) signal and to select discriminative features for motor imagery single-trial electroencephalogram (EEG) classification. Experimental results demonstrate that DPNMF performs better in extracting the latent nonnegative factors in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.

Li, H-Y, Xu, J-X, Yang, Y & Zhang, XY 2020, 'Novel Switchable Filtering Circuit With Function Reconfigurability Between SPQT Filtering Switch and Four-Way Filtering Power Divider', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 867-876.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 IEEE. In this article, we propose a circuit model for designing the switchable filtering circuit with reconfigurable functions between a single-pole quad-throw (SPQT) filtering switch (State 1) and a four-way filtering power divider (State 2) without additional switchable impedance matching network (IMN). The proposed circuit model can be utilized as the feeding network of a switchable directive and omni-directional antenna system to eliminate the omni-directional antenna in conventional solutions to reduce the size and cost. It consists of four filter channels with a common port. In State 1, it works as a SPQT filtering switch, where only one channel is turned on to realize good filtering responses and the impedances at the other three channels are adapted to infinity to realize high isolation. The four channels are turned on simultaneously in State 2 to work as a four-way filtering power divider, and the input impedance of the common port is the same as that in State 1. Thus, a switchable IMN is not required for port matching when switching between the two states. Transmission zeros are generated to enhance the skirt selectivity. For verification, the filtering circuit is constructed using high- Q coaxial resonators. Experimental results show excellent performance in both states acting as a SPQT filtering switch and a four-way filtering power divider.

Li, K, Ni, W, Emami, Y, Shen, Y, Severino, R, Pereira, D & Tovar, E 2020, 'Design and Implementation of Secret Key Agreement for Platoon-based Vehicular Cyber-physical Systems', ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1-20.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In a platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical system (PVCPS), a lead vehicle that is responsible for managing the platoon’s moving directions and velocity periodically disseminates control messages to the vehicles that follow. Securing wireless transmissions of the messages between the vehicles is critical for privacy and confidentiality of the platoon’s driving pattern. However, due to the broadcast nature of radio channels, the transmissions are vulnerable to eavesdropping. In this article, we propose a cooperative secret key agreement (CoopKey) scheme for encrypting/decrypting the control messages, where the vehicles in PVCPS generate a unified secret key based on the quantized fading channel randomness. Channel quantization intervals are optimized by dynamic programming to minimize the mismatch of keys. A platooning testbed is built with autonomous robotic vehicles, where a TelosB wireless node is used for onboard data processing and multi-hop dissemination. Extensive real-world experiments demonstrate that CoopKey achieves significantly low secret bit mismatch rate in a variety of settings. Moreover, the standard NIST test suite is employed to verify randomness of the generated keys, where the p-values of our CoopKey pass all the randomness tests. We also evaluate CoopKey with an extended platoon size via simulations to investigate the effect of system scalability on performance.

Li, K, Ni, W, Tovar, E & Guizani, M 2020, 'Optimal Rate-Adaptive Data Dissemination in Vehicular Platoons', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 4241-4251.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Li, M, Xu, RY, Xin, J, Zhang, K & Jing, J 2020, 'Fast non-rigid points registration with cluster correspondences projection', Signal Processing, vol. 170, pp. 107425-107425.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Li, M, Yang, Y, Iacopi, F, Nulman, J & Chappel-Ram, S 2020, '3D-Printed Low-Profile Single-Substrate Multi-Metal Layer Antennas and Array With Bandwidth Enhancement', IEEE Access, vol. 8, no. 99, pp. 217370-217379.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a few single-substrate multi-metal layer antennas using additively manufactured electronics (AME) solution based on piezoelectric additive fabrication. By vertically stacking metal layers in a 3D printed single substrate, the designed antenna prototype exhibits the advantages of wide bandwidth and ultra-low profile. For proof-of-concept, multi-layer linear polarization (LP) patch antenna elements and 2×2 LP antenna arrays are designed, fabricated, and measured. It verifies that the feeding network can be integrated into the same substrate of the antenna array element without increasing the size and profile of the array. Compared with the traditional single-layer LP patch antenna, the proposed LP patch antenna can improve the impedance bandwidth from 5.9% to 10.6% (three layers) and 83% (seven layers), respectively. All these designs can be fabricated in a single substrate with a thickness of 1.5 mm ( 0.031 λg ), which is an ideal solution for the applications where ultra-low profile and wideband patch antenna are expected. Finally, circular polarization (CP) patch antenna elements and 2×2 CP antenna arrays are fabricated and measured. Good agreements between the simulated and the measured results verify that wider impedance bandwidth and broader frequency range of under 3-dB axial ratio can be obtained by vertically stacking metal layers. The antennas are designed at sub-6GHz, which have great potentials for 5G consumer mobile electronics.

Li, S, Watterson, PA, Li, Y, Wen, Q & Li, J 2020, 'Improved magnetic circuit analysis of a laminated magnetorheological elastomer device featuring both permanent magnets and electromagnets', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 085054-085054.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

As an essential and critical step, magnetic circuit modelling is usually implemented in the design of efficient and compact magnetorheological (MR) devices, such as MR dampers and MR elastomer isolators. Conventional magnetic circuit analysis simplifies the analysis by ignoring the magnetic flux leakage and magnetic fringing effect. These assumptions are sufficiently accurate in dealing with less complicated designs, featuring short magnetic path lengths such as in an MR damper. However, when dealing with MR elastomer devices, such simplification in magnetic circuit analysis results in inaccuracy of dimensioning and performance estimation of the devices due to their sophisticated design and complex magnetic paths. Modelling permanent magnets also imposes challenges in the magnetic circuit analysis. This work proposes an improved approach to include magnetic flux fringing effect in magnetic circuit analysis for MR elastomer devices. An MRE-based isolator containing multiple MRE layers and both a permanent magnet and an exciting coil was designed and built as a case study. The results of the proposed method are compared to those of conventional magnetic circuit modelling, finite element analysis and experimental measurements to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Li, X, Ling, SH & Su, S 2020, 'A Hybrid Feature Selection and Extraction Methods for Sleep Apnea Detection Using Bio-Signals', Sensors, vol. 20, no. 15, pp. 4323-4323.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

People with sleep apnea (SA) are at increased risk of having stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Polysomnography (PSG) is used to detect SA. This paper conducts feature selection from PSG signals and uses a support vector machine (SVM) to detect SA. To analyze SA, the Physionet Apnea Database was used to obtain various features. Electrocardiography (ECG), oxygen saturation (SaO2), airflow, abdominal, and thoracic signals were used to provide various frequency-, time-domain and non-linear features (n = 87). To analyse the significance of these features, firstly, two evaluation measures, the rank-sum method and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the significance of the features. These features were then classified according to their significance. Finally, different class feature sets were presented as inputs for an SVM classifier to detect the onset of SA. The hill-climbing feature selection algorithm and the k-fold cross-validation method were applied to evaluate each classification performance. Through the experiments, we discovered that the best feature set (including the top-five significant features) obtained the best classification performance. Furthermore, we plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to examine the performance of the SVM, and the results showed the SVM with Linear kernel (regularization parameter = 1) outperformed other classifiers (area under curve = 95.23%, sensitivity = 94.29%, specificity = 96.17%). The results confirm that feature subsets based on multiple bio-signals have the potential to identify patients with SA. The use of a smaller subset avoids dimensionality problems and reduces the computational load.

Li, XL, Dong, Z, Tse, CK & Lu, DD-C 2020, 'Single-Inductor Multi-Input Multi-Output DC–DC Converter With High Flexibility and Simple Control', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 13104-13114.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1986-2012 IEEE. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dc-dc converters can integrate multiple input sources and output loads simultaneously. This article proposes a new single-inductor MIMO dc-dc converter with a wide conversion ratio. The proposed converter allows input sources to be added or removed seamlessly with no cross-regulation problem. Meanwhile, the outputs are independently controlled, i.e., the load change at one output cell will not affect the other interconnected output cells. Constant current control is the main control requirement. When constant current control is applied to all input cells, the power provided by each input source is proportional to the voltage magnitude of the source. When the constant current control is applied to some of the input cells, the input sources with direct duty-cycle controlled input cells can provide specific power through controlling the duty cycles of the switches of the corresponding input cells. Moreover, the switching time of switches is irrelevant. Therefore, it is easy to realize the high extension capability for arbitrary inputs/outputs. A dual-input dual-output prototype is constructed to illustrate the performance of the proposed converter. The corresponding component design is presented.

Li, Y, Li, K, Wang, X & Xu, RYD 2020, 'Exploring temporal consistency for human pose estimation in videos', Pattern Recognition, vol. 103, pp. 107258-107258.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 In this paper, we introduce a method of exploring temporal information for estimating human poses in videos. The current state-of-the-art methods utilizing temporal information can be categorized into two major branches. The first category is a model-based method that captures the temporal information entirely by using a learnable function such as RNN or 3D convolution. However, these methods are limited in exploring temporal consistency, which is essential for estimating human joint positions in videos. The second category is the posterior enhancement method, where an independent post-processing step (e.g., using optical flow) is applied to enhance the prediction. However, operations such as optical flow estimation can be susceptible to the occlusion and motion blur problems, which will adversely affect the final performance. We propose a novel Temporal Consistency Exploration (TCE) module to address both shortcomings. Compared to previous approaches, the TCE module is more efficient as it captures the temporal consistency at the feature level without having to post-process and calculate extra optical flow. Further, to capture the rich spatial context in video data, we design a multi-scale TCE to explore the time consistency information at multi-scale spatial levels. Finally, a video-based pose estimation network is designed, which is based on the encoder-decoder architecture and extended with the powerful multi-scale TCE module. We comprehensively evaluate the proposed model on two video datasets, Sub-JHMDB and Penn, and our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both datasets.

Li, Y, Zhu, J, Zhu, L, Li, Y & Lei, G 2020, 'A Dynamic Magnetostriction Model of Grain-Oriented Sheet Steels Based on Becker–Döring Crystal Magnetization Model and Jiles–Atherton Theory of Magnetic Hysteresis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1-5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Li, Z, Tang, X, Yang, Y, Lu, D & Cai, Z 2020, 'Three‐pole wide‐tuning‐range balanced frequency‐agile bandpass filter with constant absolute bandwidth and 3 transmission zeros', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 2480-2487.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractThis paper proposes a 3‐pole wide‐tuning‐range, balanced frequency‐agile bandpass filter (BAL‐FA‐BPF) with constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) and 3 transmission zeros (TZs). Under the differential‐mode (DM) operation, the cascaded trisection coupling topology with source‐load coupling is constructed. Thus, 3 adaptive TZs are generated for the DM responses, which improves the passband selectivity and stopband suppression. Under the common‐mode (CM) operation, the short stubs and lumped elements are added at the symmetric plane which effectively improves the CM suppression. Using the advanced matrix synthesis, a demonstrative BAL‐FA‐BPF is designed with stable CABW and controlled by single‐DC‐bias. The measured frequency tuning range of the DM passband is 2.0 to 3.0 GHz (40%) and 3 dB‐bandwidth is kept at 174 ± 3 MHz (±1.7%). The CM suppression is better than 25 dB.

Lian, J-W, Ban, Y-L, Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Reduced-Sidelobe Multibeam Array Antenna Based on SIW Rotman Lens', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 188-192.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2002-2011 IEEE. A multibeam array antenna (MAA) fed by a Rotman lens with a reduced sidelobe level (SLL) is designed using a substrate integrate waveguide (SIW) technology. The designed MAA is composed of a Rotman lens and a 12 × 8 slot array, which functions as the beamforming network and the radiation part, respectively. To reduce the SLL in E-plane, dual-port excitations (DPEs) are applied, instead of single-port excitations (SPEs), at each feeding port of the Rotman lens. By using DPEs, a more tapered amplitude distribution can be obtained on the array elements as compared to using SPEs; therefore, the SLL is reduced from about -11 to -18 dB. The SLL in H-plane is controlled by introducing a Chebyshev distribution to the designed eight-element slot array. Based on the designed MAA, a fabricated prototype is measured to test the discrepancy between simulation and experiment.

Lian, J-W, Ban, Y-L, Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Uniplanar Beam-Forming Network Employing Eight-Port Hybrid Couplers and Crossovers for 2-D Multibeam Array Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 68, no. 11, pp. 4706-4718.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lian, J-W, Zhu, H, Ban, Y-L, Karmokar, DK & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Uniplanar High-Gain 2-D Scanning Leaky-Wave Multibeam Array Antenna at Fixed Frequency', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 5257-5268.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liang, Q, Wu, W, Yang, Y, Zhang, R, Peng, Y & Xu, M 2020, 'Multi-Player Tracking for Multi-View Sports Videos with Improved K-Shortest Path Algorithm', Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 864-864.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Sports analysis has recently attracted increasing research efforts in computer vision. Among them, basketball video analysis is very challenging due to severe occlusions and fast motions. As a typical tracking-by-detection method, k-shortest paths (KSP) tracking framework has been well used for multiple-person tracking. While effective and fast, the neglect of the appearance model would easily lead to identity switches, especially when two or more players are intertwined with each other. This paper addresses this problem by taking the appearance features into account based on the KSP framework. Furthermore, we also introduce a similarity measurement method that can fuse multiple appearance features together. In this paper, we select jersey color and jersey number as two example features. Experiments indicate that about 70% of jersey color and 50% of jersey number over a whole sequence would ensure our proposed method preserve the player identity better than the existing KSP tracking method.

Liao, J, Jin, D, Chen, C, Li, Y & Zhou, J 2020, 'Helix Shape Power-Dependent Properties of Single Upconversion Nanoparticles', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 2883-2890.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Nonblinking, nonbleaching, and superbright single upconversion nanoparticles have been recently discovered with nonlinear power-dependent properties and can be switchable under dual-beam excitations, which are ideal for super-resolution microscopy, single-molecule tracking, and digital assays. Here, we report that the brightness of Nd3+-Yb3+-Er3+-doped nanoparticles displays a pair of unusual double helix shapes as the function of power densities of 976 and 808 nm excitations. We systemically analyze the power-dependent emission spectra, lifetimes, and power-intensity double-log slopes of single upconversion nanoparticles, which reveal that the dynamic roles of Nd3+ ions in the tridoped nanosystem with underlining electron population pathways are power dependent. That is, at high power 808 nm excitation, Nd3+ ions can directly emit upconverted luminescence, with their conventional role of sensitization saturated in the Nd3 → Yb3+ → Er3+ energy transfer systems. Moreover, we confirm that the universal helix shape phenomena commonly exist in a set of eight batches of core-shell nanoparticles regardless of the doping concentrations of Nd3+, Yb3+, and Er3+ ions in the sensitization shell, migration shell, and active core, though the crossing nodes occur at different excitation power ranges. This study emphasizes the important role of power-dependent properties in both improving the upconversion emission efficiency and the design of nonlinear responsive probes for imaging and sensing.

Lim, WYB, Luong, NC, Hoang, DT, Jiao, Y, Liang, Y-C, Yang, Q, Niyato, D & Miao, C 2020, 'Federated Learning in Mobile Edge Networks: A Comprehensive Survey', IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 2031-2063.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1998-2012 IEEE. In recent years, mobile devices are equipped with increasingly advanced sensing and computing capabilities. Coupled with advancements in Deep Learning (DL), this opens up countless possibilities for meaningful applications, e.g., for medical purposes and in vehicular networks. Traditional cloud-based Machine Learning (ML) approaches require the data to be centralized in a cloud server or data center. However, this results in critical issues related to unacceptable latency and communication inefficiency. To this end, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been proposed to bring intelligence closer to the edge, where data is produced. However, conventional enabling technologies for ML at mobile edge networks still require personal data to be shared with external parties, e.g., edge servers. Recently, in light of increasingly stringent data privacy legislations and growing privacy concerns, the concept of Federated Learning (FL) has been introduced. In FL, end devices use their local data to train an ML model required by the server. The end devices then send the model updates rather than raw data to the server for aggregation. FL can serve as an enabling technology in mobile edge networks since it enables the collaborative training of an ML model and also enables DL for mobile edge network optimization. However, in a large-scale and complex mobile edge network, heterogeneous devices with varying constraints are involved. This raises challenges of communication costs, resource allocation, and privacy and security in the implementation of FL at scale. In this survey, we begin with an introduction to the background and fundamentals of FL. Then, we highlight the aforementioned challenges of FL implementation and review existing solutions. Furthermore, we present the applications of FL for mobile edge network optimization. Finally, we discuss the important challenges and future research directions in FL.

Lin, B, Zhao, L, Suraweera, HA, Luan, TH, Niyato, D & Hoang, DT 2020, 'Guest Editorial Special Issue on Internet of Things for Smart Ocean', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 9675-9677.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lin, Z, Lv, T, Ni, W, Zhang, JA & Liu, RP 2020, 'Tensor-Based Multi-Dimensional Wideband Channel Estimation for mmWave Hybrid Cylindrical Arrays', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 7608-7622.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1972-2012 IEEE. Channel estimation is challenging for hybrid millimeter wave (mmWave) large-scale antenna arrays which are promising in 5G/B5G applications. The challenges are associated with angular resolution losses resulting from hybrid front-ends, beam squinting, and susceptibility to the receiver noises. Based on tensor signal processing, this paper presents a novel multi-dimensional approach to channel parameter estimation with large-scale mmWave hybrid uniform circular cylindrical arrays (UCyAs) which are compact in size and immune to mutual coupling but known to suffer from infinite-dimensional array responses and intractability. We design a new resolution-preserving hybrid beamformer and a low-complexity beam squinting suppression method, and reveal the existence of shift-invariance relations in the tensor models of received array signals at the UCyA. Exploiting these relations, we propose a new tensor-based subspace estimation algorithm to suppress the receiver noises in all dimensions (time, frequency, and space). The algorithm can accurately estimate the channel parameters from both coherent and incoherent signals. Corroborated by the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB), simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve substantially higher estimation accuracy than existing matrix-based techniques, with a comparable computational complexity.

Liu, B, Chen, C, Di, X, Liao, J, Wen, S, Su, QP, Shan, X, Xu, Z-Q, Ju, LA, Mi, C, Wang, F & Jin, D 2020, 'Upconversion Nonlinear Structured Illumination Microscopy', Nano Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 4775-4781.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Video-rate super-resolution imaging through biological tissue can visualize and track biomolecule interplays and transportations inside cellular organisms. Structured illumination microscopy allows for wide-field super resolution observation of biological samples but is limited by the strong extinction of light by biological tissues, which restricts the imaging depth and degrades its imaging resolution. Here we report a photon upconversion scheme using lanthanide-doped nanoparticles for wide-field super-resolution imaging through the biological transparent window, featured by near-infrared and low-irradiance nonlinear structured illumination. We demonstrate that the 976 nm excitation and 800 nm upconverted emission can mitigate the aberration. We found that the nonlinear response of upconversion emissions from single nanoparticles can effectively generate the required high spatial frequency components in the Fourier domain. These strategies lead to a new modality in microscopy with a resolution below 131 nm, 1/7th of the excitation wavelength, and an imaging rate of 1 Hz.

Liu, B, Ni, W, Liu, RP & Zhu, H 2020, 'Optimal Selection of Heterogeneous Network Interfaces for High-Speed Rail Communications', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 15005-15018.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liu, D, Huang, Y, Wu, Q, Ma, R & An, P 2020, 'Multi-Angular Epipolar Geometry Based Light Field Angular Reconstruction Network', IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging, vol. 6, pp. 1507-1522.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liu, F, Liu, Y, Han, F, Ban, Y-L & Jay Guo, Y 2020, 'Synthesis of Large Unequally Spaced Planar Arrays Utilizing Differential Evolution With New Encoding Mechanism and Cauchy Mutation', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 4406-4416.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. This article presents a differential evolution algorithm with a new encoding mechanism and Cauchy mutation (DE-NEM-CM) for optimizing large unequally spaced planar array layouts with the minimum element spacing constraint. In the new encoding mechanism, each individual represents a certain element position rather than an entire array layout used in traditional stochastic optimization algorithms. Such an encoding mechanism has the following advantages: 1) in each individual updating, the array pattern can be efficiently evaluated by only considering the radiation contribution variation from one element movement, which can greatly reduce the computational time; 2) it naturally facilitates the generated new array layout in population updating to meet the minimum element spacing constraint, and 3) each individual is searched always in 2-D space as the array size increases. These advantages enable it to be very suitable for synthesizing large arrays. Besides, DE serves as a search engine, and Cauchy mutation with chaotic mapping is proposed to enhance the local search while preserving the diversity of the population. A set of experiments for synthesizing different types of unequally spaced planar arrays in both narrow-and broadband applications are conducted. Synthesis results show that the proposed method achieves much lower sidelobe level than some state-of-the-art stochastic optimization methods for all the test cases. Importantly, the proposed method is much more efficient than conventional stochastic optimization algorithm especially for the case of synthesizing large unequally spaced planar array layouts. A array layout optimization with more than 1000 elements can be achieved within acceptable CPU time cost, which has not yet been reported for the existing stochastic optimization methods without resorting to supercomputing facilities.

Liu, J, Taghizadeh, S, Lu, J, Hossain, MJ, Stegen, S & Li, H 2020, 'Three-phase four-wire interlinking converter with enhanced power quality improvement feature in microgrid systems', CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1064-1077.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents an advanced three-phase four-wire interlinking microgrid system with an improved harmonics reduction feature. Due to their robustness and simplicity features, time-domain second-order notch-filter equivalent techniques have drawn a great deal of research attention. However, the drawbacks of non-satisfactory harmonics rejection characteristics and dynamic response limits their applications. In this context, this paper proposes an advanced control system with an enhanced harmonics reduction feature for microgrid applications. The proposed control system exhibits a superior harmonics reduction feature and better dynamic response than the conventional notch-filter based techniques. In addition, a control scheme is developed for a three-phase power system application which presents higher accuracy in compensating both balanced and unbalanced harmonics. The performance of the proposed system is validated through simulations and tested on the hardware of a real microgrid system. From the results, it is evident that the proposed approach provides excellent performance in terms of harmonics reduction in microgrid systems.

Liu, Q, Yu, Q, Li, S, Wang, S, Zhang, L, Cai, B, Zhou, D & Li, B 2020, 'Safe LAGP-based all solid-state Li metal batteries with plastic super-conductive interlayer enabled by in-situ solidification', Energy Storage Materials, vol. 25, pp. 613-620.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 Safe and high-energy-density all solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are great in demand for future electrical vehicle and grid energy storage. The compatibility of electrode-electrolyte interface is a critical factor influencing the electrochemical performance of ASSLMBs. Herein, we propose a plastic super-conductive carrier to deter untoward reaction between Li anode and Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) electrolyte by in-situ solidifying succinonitrile-based plastic interlayer with Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.24O12 (LLZAO) nanowires (l-SN). The method of in-situ solidification promises the low interfacial resistance. The l-SN interlayer can not only act as a physical obstacle to isolate LAGP pellet from Li metal, but also provide three-dimensional ion channels to regulate the transfer of Li ions, delivering an uniform Li ion distribution for dendrite-free Li deposition. The Li|l-SN|LAGP|l-SN|Li symmetric cell can stably cycle for 240 h without short circuit at room temperature (R.T). This approach enables a high specific capacity of 152.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1C for Li|l-SN|LAGP|l-SN|LiFePO4 cells at R.T. Furthermore, the integrated ASSLMBs show excellent cyclic stability at 40 °C with an initial discharge capacity of 168.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5C and retention of 93.17% after 100 cycles. The super-ionic property at the interface makes excellent rate performance of ASSLMBs at 40 °C. This strategy is facile and efficient in promising safe and outstanding ASSLMBs and also has some referential values for other unstable electrolyte interface beyond LAGP.

Liu, T, Zhang, W, Yuwono, M, Zhang, M, Ueland, M, Forbes, SL & Su, SW 2020, 'A data-driven meat freshness monitoring and evaluation method using rapid centroid estimation and hidden Markov models', Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 311, pp. 127868-127868.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liu, X, Zhao, Y, Zhu, J, Chen, Z & Huang, S 2020, 'Multi-Objective Robust Optimization of a Dual-Flux-Modulator Magnetic Geared Machine With Hybrid Uncertainties', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 2106-2115.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liu, Y, Chen, L, Zhu, C, Ban, Y-L & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Efficient and Accurate Frequency-Invariant Beam Pattern Synthesis Utilizing Iterative Spatiotemporal Fourier Transform', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 6069-6079.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. An iterative spatiotemporal Fourier transform (STFT) method is presented to efficiently design finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter coefficients for generating a desired frequency-invariant (FI) beam pattern of an antenna array. In this method, by introducing the concepts of normalized temporal angular frequency and spatial angular frequency, the broadband pattern is treated as a spatiotemporal spectral distribution. The relationship between the FIR coefficient distribution and the spatiotemporal spectral distribution can be built as an STFT, and consequently the 2-D fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) and inverse 2D-FFT (2D-IFFT) can be utilized to efficiently accomplish the transformation between the FIR coefficient distribution and the spatiotemporal spectral distribution. Thus, the proposed synthesis method starts from an initial spatiotemporal spectral distribution and then adopt an iterative modification-and-transformation strategy to successively update the obtained spatiotemporal spectral distribution and the corresponding FIR coefficients. Two kinds of pattern modification techniques including the mainlobe FI modification and broadband sidelobe control are adopted in each iteration. Several examples for synthesizing different FI patterns are conducted. Synthesis results show that the proposed method can obtain much better FI pattern performance in terms of both mainlobe FI property and sidelobe control than the original FT method whilst costing less CPU time than the convex optimization method especially for the case of large FI arrays.

Liu, Y, Li, M, Haupt, RL & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Synthesizing Shaped Power Patterns for Linear and Planar Antenna Arrays Including Mutual Coupling by Refined Joint Rotation/Phase Optimization', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 4648-4657.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. In this article, a novel strategy based on refined joint element rotation/phase optimization is presented to obtain vectorial shaped power patterns for antenna arrays with arbitrary element structures including mutual coupling. The active element pattern (AEP) is used for each antenna element, and then the rotation of an element is approximately described by mathematically rotating its AEP under the assumption that the mutual coupling variation does not change the AEP considerably. Optimal element rotations and phases for an array can be found by solving a vectorial shaped pattern synthesis problem such that the obtained array pattern has the desired co-polarization mainlobe shape while maintaining constrained sidelobe and cross-polarization levels. However, due to the variation of mutual coupling, this synthesized pattern may deviate from the real array pattern. To reduce the pattern discrepancy, successive refined joint element rotation/phase optimizations are adopted. As the number of refining steps increases, the allowable element rotation range is set to be smaller and smaller so that the synthesized array pattern can get closer and closer to the real one. Such a shaped power pattern synthesis technique does not need nonuniform amplitude weighting, thus saving many unequal power dividers. Three examples for synthesizing rotated linear and planar arrays with different antenna structures and different pattern shape requirements are provided to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

Liu, Y, Wang, F, Lu, H, Fang, G, Wen, S, Chen, C, Shan, X, Xu, X, Zhang, L, Stenzel, M & Jin, D 2020, 'Cancer Spheroids: Super‐Resolution Mapping of Single Nanoparticles inside Tumor Spheroids (Small 6/2020)', Small, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 2070030-2070030.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liu, Y, Wang, F, Lu, H, Fang, G, Wen, S, Chen, C, Shan, X, Xu, X, Zhang, L, Stenzel, M & Jin, D 2020, 'Super‐Resolution Mapping of Single Nanoparticles inside Tumor Spheroids', Small, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1905572-1905572.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractCancer spheroids have structural, functional, and physiological similarities to the tumor, and have become a low‐cost in vitro model to study the physiological responses of single cells and therapeutic efficacy of drugs. However, the tiny spheroid, made of a cluster of high‐density cells, is highly scattering and absorptive, which prevents light microscopy techniques to reach the depth inside spheroids with high resolution. Here, a method is reported for super‐resolution mapping of single nanoparticles inside a spheroid. It first takes advantage of the self‐healing property of a “nondiffractive” doughnut‐shaped Bessel beam from a 980 nm diode laser as the excitation, and further employs the nonlinear response of the 800 nm emission from upconversion nanoparticles, so that both excitation and emission at the near‐infrared can experience minimal loss through the spheroid. These strategies lead to the development of a new nanoscopy modality with a resolution of 37 nm, 1/26th of the excitation wavelength. This method enables mapping of single nanoparticles located 55 µm inside a spheroid, with a resolution of 98 nm. It suggests a solution to track single nanoparticles and monitor their release of drugs in 3D multicellar environments.

Liu, Y, Yang, Y, Han, F, Liu, QH & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Improved Beam-Scannable Ultra-Wideband Sparse Antenna Arrays by Iterative Convex Optimization Based on Raised Power Series Representation', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 5696-5701.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liu, Y, Zheng, J, Li, M, Luo, Q, Rui, Y & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Synthesizing Beam-Scannable Thinned Massive Antenna Array Utilizing Modified Iterative FFT for Millimeter-Wave Communication', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1983-1987.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Liu, Z, Zhang, L, Ni, W & Collings, IB 2020, 'Uncoordinated Pseudonym Changes for Privacy Preserving in Distributed Networks', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1465-1477.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2002-2012 IEEE. Pseudonyms have been adopted to preserve identity privacy of nodes in distributed networks. Frequent and unlinkable changes of pseudonyms need to be enabled by having at least $k$k nodes change together to confuse potential eavesdroppers. Existing approaches either depend on the coordination from central controllers, or involve interactive signaling between the nodes. This can potentially compromise privacy. This paper proposes a fully uncoordinated approach to change pseudonyms in distributed networks, where each node uses a pseudonym until its expiration and then changes after a random delay. We develop a new model to analyse the time-varying population of changing pseudonyms. Critical conditions are analytically established, under which individual nodes can independently change their pseudonyms while their identity privacy is preserved. The conditions are validated by illustrative examples. Corroborated by simulations, the accuracy of the analytical model improves, as the number of nodes increases. The analysis confirms that, the $k$k-anonymity can be achieved at a negligible throughput loss in the case of large networks.

Lu, Z, Geng, L, Huo, G, Zhao, H, Yao, W, Li, G, Guo, X & Zhang, J 2020, 'A novel hybrid multi-objective bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm', Soft Computing, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 2013-2032.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Abstract: In this article, a novel hybrid multi-objective bacterial colony chemotaxis (HMOBCC) algorithm is proposed to solve multi-objective optimization problems. A mechanism of particle swarm optimization is introduced to multi-objective bacterial colony chemotaxis (MOBCC) algorithm to improve the performance of MOBCC algorithm. Also, three other techniques, including dynamic reverse learning operator, external archive multiplying operator and adaptive diversity maintenance operator, are further applied to improve the diversity and convergence of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is validated using 12 benchmark problems, and three performance measures are implemented for 5 benchmark problems to compare its performance with existing popular algorithms such as MOBCC, multi-objective bacterial colony chemotaxis based on grid algorithm, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition. The results show that the proposed HMOBCC is very effective against existing algorithms. Graphical abstract: The graphical abstract of this study.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Luo, C, Wong, S, Chen, R, Zhu, X, Yang, Y, Lin, J, Tu, Z & Xue, Q 2020, 'Compact on‐chip millimetre wave bandpass filters with meandered grounding resonator in 0.13‐μm (Bi)‐CMOS technology', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 559-565.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019. In this study, an ultra-compact meandered grounding resonator is proposed to design two millimetre wave bandpass filters (BPFs) in a standard 0.13-μm silicon-germanium (Bi)-complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The fundamental second-order prototype, namely BPF-I, consists of a pair of proposed resonators and a pair of grounded metalinsulator- metal (MIM) capacitors. To better understand the principle of the second-order BPF-I, an equivalent LC-circuit model and theoretical analysis method are presented in this study. Based on BPF-I, the second-order BPF-II is proposed by adding the additional two pairs of MIM capacitors to improve the frequency selectivity, by means of introducing a transmission zero at lower stopband. Finally, both of the two second-order BPFs are fabricated. The measured results show a good agreement with the full-wave simulation results. The insertion loss of the first BPF-I is 1.79 dB at the centre frequency of 46.6 GHz, and the fractional bandwidth is up to 96.5%. The second BPF-II has a centre frequency at 46.8 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 94.1%. The minimum insertion loss is 2.08 dB and the lower stopband attenuation is up to 42.7 dB. Moreover, the die sizes of the two compact BPFs, excluding the test pads, are only 0.0197 mm2 (0.104 × 0.190 mm2).

Luo, C, Wong, S-W, Lin, J-Y, Yang, Y, Li, Y, Yu, X-Z, Feng, L-P, Tu, Z-H & Zhu, L 2020, 'Quasi-Reflectionless Microstrip Bandpass Filters Using Bandstop Filter for Out-of-Band Improvement', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 1849-1853.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2004-2012 IEEE. In this brief, a class of microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) with quasi-reflectionless behavior on both input and output ports is presented. A single-port reflectionless BPF is proposed by shunt connecting one bandstop filter cell namely one-cell. This one-cell single-port reflectionless BPF is made up of a high impedance transmission line as a series band-pass filter section and a shunt-connected band-stop section with resistively terminated. In the operation passband, the bandpass filter section is used to transmit spectral energy, while the bandstop section is regarded as an open circuit. Besides, the out-of-band energy is absorbed by resistively component in the bandstop filter section. In order to achieve better out-of-band reflectionless characteristic, a two-cell two-port reflectionless BPF is constructed by shunt connecting two cells at input/output ports and one series bandpass filter section in the center. In addition, a three-cell reflectionless BPF is designed to further verify the improvement of out-of-band performance. Finally, two-cell and three-cell two-port reflectionless BPFs are fabricated and tested to verify the design concept. The measured results of these two reflectionless BPFs are in good agreement with the simulation ones.

Luo, Y, Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Ni, W & Pan, J 2020, 'Multibeam Optimization for Joint Communication and Radio Sensing Using Analog Antenna Arrays', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Multibeam technology enables the use of two or more subbeams for jointcommunication and radio sensing, to meet different requirements of beamwidthand pointing directions. Generating and optimizing multibeam subject to therequirements is critical and challenging, particularly for systems using analogarrays. This paper develops optimal solutions to a range of multibeam designproblems, where both communication and sensing are considered. We first studythe optimal combination of two pre-generated subbeams, and their beamformingvectors, using a combining phase coefficient. Closed-form optimal solutions arederived to the constrained optimization problems, where the received signalpowers for communication and the beamforming waveforms are alternatively usedas the objective and constraint functions. We also develop global optimizationmethods which directly find optimal solutions for a single beamforming vector.By converting the original intractable complex NP-hard global optimizationproblems to real quadratically constrained quadratic programs, near-optimalsolutions are obtained using semidefinite relaxation techniques. Extensivesimulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed constrained multibeamgeneration and optimization methods.

Lyu, B & Hoang, DT 2020, 'Optimal Time Scheduling in Relay Assisted Batteryless IoT Networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 706-710.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2012 IEEE. In this letter, we propose a novel relay transmission scheme in a batteryless IoT network for practical implementation and high energy-efficiency, where communications between a hybrid access point (HAP) and multiple batteryless sensors are assisted by energy-constrained gateways. In the proposed system, while a batteryless sensor backscatters the incident signals from the HAP to transmit data to its gateway, other gateways can simultaneously harvest energy from the HAP. Then, the gateways can use their harvested energy to forward the received signals to the HAP. Under this setup, we formulate the achievable sum-rate maximization problem by optimizing the time allocation between data backscattering, energy harvesting, and data forwarding. Then, an efficient method is proposed to find the optimal solution. Simulation results show that the proposed relay transmission scheme can achieve up to 34% sum-rate gain over two benchmark schemes.

Lyu, B, Hoang, DT & Yang, Z 2020, 'Backscatter Then Forward: A Relaying Scheme for Batteryless IoT Networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 562-566.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE In this paper, we introduce a novel relaying scheme together with a joint energy beamforming (EB) and time allocation optimization to meet requirements about energy efficiency and hardware constraints of batteryless IoT networks. First, we propose an intelligent relaying scheme using RF-powered gateways as relay nodes to deliver information from batteryless IoT devices to a hybrid access point (HAP). The HAP can also transfer energy to the gateways and batteryless devices using EB techniques. The energy from HAP will be then used to supply power for gateways and as a communications means to transmit data for batteryless devices. We then formulate a sum-rate maximization problem by jointly optimizing the EB vectors, time scheduling, and power allocation. Since the optimization problem is non-convex, we exploit EB characteristics for data backscattering and employ variable substitutions and semidefinite relaxation techniques to transform it into a convex one. After that, a low-complexity method is proposed to obtain the optimal solution in a closed-form. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme can achieve significant sum-rate gain.

Lyu, B, Hoang, DT, Gong, S, Niyato, D & Kim, DI 2020, 'IRS-Based Wireless Jamming Attacks: When Jammers Can Attack Without Power', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 1663-1667.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2012 IEEE. This letter proposes to use Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) as a green jammer to attack a legitimate communication without using any internal energy to generate jamming signals. In particular, the IRS is used to intelligently reflect the signals from the legitimate transmitter to the legitimate receiver (LR) to guarantee that the received signals from direct and reflecting links can be added destructively, which thus diminishes the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) at the LR. To minimize the received signal power at the LR, we consider the joint optimization of magnitudes of reflection coefficients and discrete phase shifts at the IRS. Based on the block coordinate descent, semidefinite relaxation, and Gaussian randomization techniques, the solution can be obtained efficiently. Through simulation results, we show that by using the IRS-based jammer, we can reduce the signal power received at the LR by up to 99%. Interestingly, the performance of the proposed IRS-based jammer is even better than that of the conventional active jamming attacks in some scenarios.

Lyu, J, Bi, X & Ling, SH 2020, 'Multi-Level Cross Residual Network for Lung Nodule Classification', Sensors, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 2837-2837.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Computer-aided algorithm plays an important role in disease diagnosis through medical images. As one of the major cancers, lung cancer is commonly detected by computer tomography. To increase the survival rate of lung cancer patients, an early-stage diagnosis is necessary. In this paper, we propose a new structure, multi-level cross residual convolutional neural network (ML-xResNet), to classify the different types of lung nodule malignancies. ML-xResNet is constructed by three-level parallel ResNets with different convolution kernel sizes to extract multi-scale features of the inputs. Moreover, the residuals are connected not only with the current level but also with other levels in a crossover manner. To illustrate the performance of ML-xResNet, we apply the model to process ternary classification (benign, indeterminate, and malignant lung nodules) and binary classification (benign and malignant lung nodules) of lung nodules, respectively. Based on the experiment results, the proposed ML-xResNet achieves the best results of 85.88% accuracy for ternary classification and 92.19% accuracy for binary classification, without any additional handcrafted preprocessing algorithm.

Lyu, X, Ren, C, Ni, W, Tian, H & Liu, RP 2020, 'Cooperative Computing Anytime, Anywhere: Ubiquitous Fog Services', IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 162-169.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ma, B, Zheng, J, Lei, G, Zhu, J, Jin, P & Guo, Y 2020, 'Topology Optimization of Ferromagnetic Components in Electrical Machines', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 786-798.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE This paper presents the topology optimization of ferromagnetic components in electrical machines by using the density method. Explicit expressions of machine performance based on the principle of electromechanical energy conversion are derived and incorporated in the finite element model. Because the gradient-based algorithm is employed for efficient optimization, the performance sensitivities with respect to the design variables are derived subsequently. An optimization framework is then proposed to optimize effectively the electrical machine performance, such as the flux linkage, back electromotive force, torque profile including torque density and torque ripples. Two design examples are reported to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented topology optimization approach. The accuracy of optimal solutions is verified by using the commercial electromagnetic analysis software ANSYS MAXWELL.

Ma, B, Zheng, J, Zhu, J, Wu, J, Lei, G & Guo, Y 2020, 'Robust Design Optimization of Electrical Machines Considering Hybrid Random and Interval Uncertainties', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1815-1824.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1986-2012 IEEE. For robust design optimization (RDO) of electrical machines, cases with random uncertainty and interval uncertainty are generally investigated separately. Accordingly, the performance fluctuation analysis under uncertainty is based on random method and interval method respectively. However, the problem with hybrid uncertainties can also be met yet rarely researched. Under this circumstance, the uncertainty analysis methods for a single type of uncertainty may no longer be applicable, which challenges the robust optimization conduction. For effective RDO of electrical machines with hybrid uncertainties, this article presents a robust optimizer based on evolutionary algorithms and the polynomial chaos Chebyshev interval (PCCI) method. The PCCI method is utilized for effectively modeling the fluctuations caused by the hybrid uncertainty with a small number of samples. As additional enhancements, the filtering strategy for the algorithm with deterministic constraints is proposed to reduce the solutions that require robustness analysis in each iteration and accelerate the optimization further while not affecting the global convergence ability. A design example of a brushless DC motor considering hybrid uncertainties is analyzed and optimized. The results confirm the feasibility of the proposed method.

Ma, R, Li, T, Bo, D, Wu, Q & An, P 2020, 'Error sensitivity model based on spatial and temporal features', Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 79, no. 43-44, pp. 31913-31930.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Packet loss and error propagation induced by it are significant causes of visual impairments in video applications. Most of the existing video quality assessment models are developed at frame or sequence level, which can not accurately describe the impact of packet loss on the local regions in one frame. In this paper, we propose an error sensitivity model to evaluate the impact of a single packet loss. We also make full use of the spatio-temporal correlation of the video and analyze a set of features that directly impact the perceptual quality of videos, based on the specific situation of video packet loss. With the aid of the support vector regression (SVR), these features are used to predict the error sensitivity of the local region. The proposed model is tested on six video sequences. Experimental results show that the proposed model predicts sensitivity of videos to different packet loss cases with certain reasonable accuracy, and provides good generalization ability, which turns out outperform the state-of-art image and video quality assessment methods.

Mahmud, K, Nizami, MSH, Ravishankar, J, Hossain, MJ & Siano, P 2020, 'Multiple Home-to-Home Energy Transactions for Peak Load Shaving', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 1074-1085.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mahmud, K, Rahman, MS, Ravishankar, J, Hossain, MJ & Guerrero, JM 2020, 'Real-Time Load and Ancillary Support for a Remote Island Power System Using Electric Boats', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1516-1528.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mahmud, K, Ravishankar, J & Hossain, J 2020, 'Rebound behaviour of uncoordinated EMS and their impact minimisation', IET Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 237-245.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mahmud, K, Ravishankar, J, Hossain, MJ & Dong, ZY 2020, 'The Impact of Prediction Errors in the Domestic Peak Power Demand Management', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4567-4579.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Makhdoom, I, Zhou, I, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & Ni, W 2020, 'PrivySharing: A blockchain-based framework for privacy-preserving and secure data sharing in smart cities', Computers & Security, vol. 88, pp. 101653-101653.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The ubiquitous use of Internet of Things (IoT) ranges from industrial control systems to e-Health, e-commerce, smart cities, agriculture, supply chain management, smart cars, cyber-physical systems and a lot more. However, the data collected and processed by IoT systems especially the ones with centralized control are vulnerable to availability, integrity, and privacy threats. Hence, we present “PrivySharing,” a blockchain-based innovative framework for privacy-preserving and secure IoT data sharing in a smart city environment. The proposed scheme is distinct from existing strategies on many aspects. The data privacy is preserved by dividing the blockchain network into various channels, where every channel comprises a finite number of authorized organizations and processes a specific type of data such as health, smart car, smart energy or financial details. Moreover, access to users’ data within a channel is controlled by embedding access control rules in the smart contracts. In addition, data within a channel is further isolated and secured by using private data collection and encryption respectively. Likewise, the REST API that enables clients to interact with the blockchain network has dual security in the form of an API Key and OAuth 2.0. The proposed solution conforms to some of the significant requirements outlined in the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. We also present a system of reward in the form of a digital token named “PrivyCoin” for users sharing their data with stakeholders/third parties. Lastly, the experimental outcomes advocate that a multi-channel blockchain scales well as compared to a single-channel blockchain system.

Malekjamshidi, Z, Jafari, M, Zhu, J & Rivera, M 2020, 'Design, Implementation, and Stability Analysis of a Space Vector Modulated Direct Matrix Converter for Power Flow Control in a More Reliable and Sustainable Microgrid', Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 20, pp. 8591-8591.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a detailed study on technical points of design, control, stability analysis, and hardware development of a direct matrix converter with power flow control for microgrid applications. The converter is used as an interface between a microgrid AC bus and a variable-frequency load, e.g., an induction machine. The main steps of the converter design include the design of input filter, stabilization, commutation, and protection techniques. Practical guidelines are provided for the direct conversion and transmission of modulation and control procedures to the logic processing devices. Through a detailed study of stabilization technique using damping resistors, the stability region of the converter is determined by using the linearized state-space equations. A prototype direct matrix converter has been developed by the proposed design procedures, and experimentally tested for a variable frequency load.

Malik, N, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, RP 2020, 'Vehicular networks with security and trust management solutions: proposed secured message exchange via blockchain technology', Wireless Networks, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 4207-4226.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), effective trust establishment with authentication is an important requirement. Trust management among communicating vehicles is significant for secure message transmission; however, very less contributions have been made towards evaluating the trustworthiness of the node. This research work intends to introduce a new trust management system in VANET with two major phases: secured message transmission and node trustability prediction. The security assured message passing is carried out by incorporating the privacy preservation model under the data sanitization process. The key used for the sanitization process is optimally tuned by a new hybrid algorithm termed Sea Lion Explored-Whale Optimization Algorithm, which is the combination of Whale Optimization Algorithm and Sea Lion Optimization Algorithm, respectively. The blockchain technology is assisted to handle the key generated by the nodes. Subsequently, the trustability of the node is evaluated under novel specifics “two-level evaluation process” with a rule-based and machine learning-based evaluation process. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is verified and proved over other conventional methods for certain measures.

Marin, JG, Baba, AA, Hesselbarth, J, Hashmi, RM & Esselle, KP 2020, 'Millimeter-Wave Low-Loss Multifeed Superstrate-Based Antenna', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 3387-3396.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mehmood, A, Zameer, A, Chaudhary, NI, Ling, SH & Raja, MAZ 2020, 'Design of meta-heuristic computing paradigms for Hammerstein identification systems in electrically stimulated muscle models.', Neural Comput. Appl., vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 12469-12497.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mendelson, N, Doherty, M, Toth, M, Aharonovich, I & Tran, TT 2020, 'Strain‐Induced Modification of the Optical Characteristics of Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 21, pp. 1908316-1908316.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractQuantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are promising building blocks for the realization of integrated quantum photonic systems. However, their spectral inhomogeneity currently limits their potential applications. Here, tensile strain is applied to quantum emitters embedded in few‐layer hBN films and both red and blue spectral shifts are realized with tuning magnitudes up to 65 meV, a record for any 2D quantum source. Reversible tuning of the emission and related photophysical properties is demonstrated. Rotation of the optical dipole in response to strain is also observed, suggesting the presence of a second excited state. A theoretical model is derived to describe strain‐based tuning in hBN, and the rotation of the optical dipole. The study demonstrates the immense potential for strain tuning of quantum emitters in layered materials to enable their employment in scalable quantum photonic networks.

Mhiesan, H, Wei, Y, Siwakoti, YP & Mantooth, HA 2020, 'A Fault-Tolerant Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 12702-12715.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mohamadzade, B, Simorangkir, RBVB, Maric, S, Lalbakhsh, A, Esselle, KP & Hashmi, RM 2020, 'Recent Developments and State of the Art in Flexible and Conformal Reconfigurable Antennas', Electronics, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 1375-1375.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Reconfigurable antennas have gained tremendous interest owing to their multifunctional capabilities while adhering to minimalistic space requirements in ever-shrinking electronics platforms and devices. A stark increase in demand for flexible and conformal antennas in modern and emerging unobtrusive and space-limited electronic systems has led to the development of the flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas era. Flexible and conformal antennas rely on non-conventional materials and realization approaches, and thus, despite the mature knowledge available for rigid reconfigurable antennas, conventional reconfigurable techniques are not translated to a flexible domain in a straight forward manner. There are notable challenges associated with integration of reconfiguration elements such as switches, mechanical stability of the overall reconfigurable antenna, and the electronic robustness of the resulting devices when exposed to folding of sustained bending operations. This paper reviews various approaches demonstrated thus far, to realize flexible reconfigurable antennas, categorizing them on the basis of reconfiguration attributes, i.e., frequency, pattern, polarization, or a combination of these characteristics. The challenges associated with development and characterization of flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas, the strengths and limitations of available methods are reviewed considering the progress in recent years, and open challenges for the future research are identified.

Nan, Y, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2020, 'A Millimeter-Wave GCW-SAR Based on Deramp-on-Receive and Piecewise Constant Doppler Imaging', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 680-690.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 IEEE. A novel generalized continuous-wave synthetic aperture radar (GCW-SAR) based on deramp-on-receive operating in millimeter-wave frequency is proposed in this article. With deramp-on-receive, the receiver sampling rate is drastically reduced, and the downsampled 1-D raw data can be obtained from the received beat signal. Further adopting piecewise constant Doppler (PCD) imaging in the digital domain, a GCW-SAR image can be easily reconstructed by using the existing frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system. The effects of deramp-on-receive in PCD imaging are analyzed accordingly. The short wavelength of the millimeter-wave carrier used in the proposed GCW-SAR enables high azimuth resolution as well as a short synthetic aperture, which, in turn, significantly reduces the imaging computational complexity. Simulation and experimental results confirm the advantages of the proposed GCW-SAR.

Nan, Y, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Piecewise Constant Doppler Algorithm: Performance Analysis, Further Simplification, and Motion Compensation', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 3613-3631.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE The piecewise constant Doppler (PCD) algorithm is a novel radar imaging process recently proposed for the generalized continuous wave synthetic aperture radar (GCW-SAR). This paper presents a detailed theoretical analysis on the PCD algorithm's performance and proposes a further complexityreduced PCD algorithm with motion compensation (MOCO) suitable for practical applications. Firstly, the difference between conventional SAR imaging and PCD imaging, i.e., the zeroth order versus the first order slant range approximation, is revealed. Exact ambiguity function expressions of the PCD imaging in range and azimuth directions respectively are then derived. An error function of the PCD imaging as compared with the ideal matched filtering method is further defined and shown to be a function of an image quality factor which can be used to quantify the PCD imaging performance. Finally, a faster and more flexible imaging process, called decimated PCD algorithm, is proposed, by which the image azimuth spacing can be easily extended and hence the computational complexity can be significantly reduced. The decimated PCD implementation incorporated with the MOCO is developed for practical GCWSAR applications and its imaging error lower-bounded by the PCD imaging error function is analyzed accordingly. Simulation and experimental results validate the theoretical analysis of the PCD imaging and show that the decimated PCD algorithm can achieve a high imaging quality at low cost.

Nanda, A, Nanda, P, He, X, Jamdagni, A & Puthal, D 2020, 'A hybrid encryption technique for Secure-GLOR: The adaptive secure routing protocol for dynamic wireless mesh networks', Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 109, pp. 521-530.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. As we progress in into a digital era where most aspects of our life depend upon a network of computers, it is essential to focus on digital security. Each component of a network, be it a physical network, virtual network or social network requires security when transmitting data. Hence the dynamic wireless mesh network must also deploy high levels of security as found in current legacy networks. This paper presents a secure Geo-Location Oriented Routing (Secure-GLOR) protocol for wireless mesh networks, which incorporates a hybrid encryption scheme for its multilevel security framework. The hybrid encryption technique improves the network's overall performance compared to the basic encryption by using a combination of symmetric key as well as asymmetric key encryption. Using the combination of the two encryption schemes, the performance of the network can be improved by reducing the transmitted data size, reduced computational overhead and faster encryption–decryption cycles. In this paper discussed multiple encryption schemes for both symmetric and asymmetric encryption, compare their performance in various experimental scenarios. Proposed security scheme achieves better performance based on the results obtained with most viable options for our network model.

Nanda, P, He, X & Yang, LT 2020, 'Security, Trust and Privacy in Cyber (STPCyber): Future trends and challenges', Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 109, pp. 446-449.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Today's world experiences massively interconnected devices to share information across variety of platforms between traditional computers (machines), Smart IoT devices used across smart homes, smart interconnected vehicles etc. and of course the social networks apps such as Facebook, Linkdn, twitter etc. We experience the growth has been skyrocketing and the trend will continue exponentially to the future. At one end, we find life becomes easier with such developments and at the other end; we experience more and more cyber threats on our privacy, security and trustworthiness with organizations holding our data. In this special issue, we summarize contributions by authors in advanced topics related to security, trust and privacy based on a range of applications and present a selection of the most recent research efforts in these areas.

Nasir, AA, Tuan, HD, Duong, TQ & Hanzo, L 2020, 'Transmitter-Side Wireless Information- and Power-Transfer in Massive MIMO Systems', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 2322-2326.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. Both time-switching (TS) and power splitting has been used at the receiver for wireless information and power transfer in the downlink of massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems. By contrast, this correspondence adopts the transmit-TS approach, where the energy and information are transferred over different fractions of a time slot. Our goal is to jointly optimize the transmit-TS factor and power allocation coefficients during energy and information transfer for maximizing the users' minimum throughput subject to transmit power and minimum harvested energy constraints. This nonconvex problem is solved by our path following algorithm. Our simulation results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed transmit-TS algorithm, which easily doubles the throughput compared to that of the existing techniques.

Nasir, AA, Tuan, HD, Duong, TQ & Poor, HV 2020, 'MIMO-OFDM-Based Wireless-Powered Relaying Communication With an Energy Recycling Interface', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 811-824.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 IEEE. This paper considers wireless-powered relaying multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication, where all four nodes (information source, energy source, relay, and destination) are equipped with multiple antennas. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is applied for information processing to compensate the frequency selectivity of communication channels between the information source and the relay and between the relay and the destination as these nodes are assumed to be located far apart from each. The relay is equipped with a full-duplexing interface for harvesting energy not only from the wireless transmission of the dedicated energy source but also from its own transmission while relaying the source information to the destination. The problem of designing the optimal power allocation over OFDM subcarriers and transmit antennas to maximize the overall spectral efficiency is addressed. Due to a very large number of subcarriers, this design problem poses a large-scale nonconvex optimization problem involving a few thousand variables of power allocation, which is very computationally challenging. A novel path-following algorithm is proposed for computation. Based on the developed closed-form calculation of linear computational complexity at each iteration, the proposed algorithm rapidly converges to an optimal solution. Compared to the best existing solvers, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced at least 105 times, making it very efficient and practical for online computation while existing solvers are ineffective. Numerical results for a practical simulation setting show promising results by achieving high spectral efficiency.

Nasir, AA, Tuan, HD, Duong, TQ, Poor, HV & Hanzo, L 2020, 'Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-User Millimeter-Wave Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 2943-2956.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. This paper considers hybrid beamforming by combining an analog beamformer with a new regularized zero forcing baseband one, for multi-user millimeter-wave networks under a limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains. Three popular scenarios are examined: i) the number of users is up to the number of RF chains in a single-cell network, ii) the number of users is up to twice the number of RF chains in a single-cell network, and iii) the number of users is up to twice the number of RF chains in each cell of a two-cell network. In the second and third scenarios, we group the users into two categories of cell-center users as well as cell-edge users and serve them in two different time fractions. In the third scenario, we propose to suppress the inter-cell interference by serving the cell-center and cell-edge users in alternate fractional-time slots. In all the three scenarios, we determine the optimal power allocation maximizing the users' minimum rate. Finally, low-complexity path-following algorithms having rapid convergence are developed for the computation of the optimal power. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithms achieve a clear performance gain over the existing benchmarkers.

Nasir, AA, Tuan, HD, Nguyen, HH, Duong, TQ & Poor, HV 2020, 'Signal Superposition in NOMA With Proper and Improper Gaussian Signaling', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 6537-6551.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1972-2012 IEEE. Recent studies of single-cell two-user networks have shown that a higher network throughput is achieved by using a common message to be decoded by both users and conveying partial information for both users, rather than using the common message to convey the entire information for one of the two users. The latter is essentially the conventional non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which performs better than orthogonal multiple access (OMA) only under users' dissimilar channel conditions. Unlike NOMA, the former performs consistently better than OMA. This paper generalizes such a signaling strategy to a general multi-cell multiuser network, which leads to a new NOMA approach (called n-NOMA) in which each pair of users decodes a message that conveys partial information for one of them only. Unlike the conventional NOMA, whose performance is dependent on the users' pairing strategy, the proposed n-NOMA consistently outperforms both NOMA and OMA schemes. Both proper and improper Gaussian signaling is considered for all the concerned schemes and it is shown that the latter is clearly more advantageous than the former.

Nasouri Gilvaei, M, Jafari, H, Jabbari Ghadi, M & Li, L 2020, 'A novel hybrid optimization approach for reactive power dispatch problem considering voltage stability index', Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 96, pp. 103963-103963.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd This paper proposes a novel, reliable, and effective hybrid approach based on the integration of the firefly algorithm (FA) and the adaptive particularly tunable fuzzy particle swarm optimization (APT-FPSO) method to address reactive power dispatch (RPD) problem, a crucial optimization problem in the operation of power systems. Similar to many other original meta-heuristic optimization techniques, the standard FA suffers from some severe drawbacks, most importantly being easily trapped into a locally optimal solution. In order to tackle these difficulties, in the current study, an improved version of fuzzy-based particle swarm optimization is utilized in the internal structure of the original FA. The developed hybrid approach, which is capable of avoiding premature convergence of the original FA by enhancing exploration and exploitation procedures, is employed to determine the optimum control variables (i.e., the voltage of generation buses, tap positions of tap-changer transformers, and reactive power output of shunt compensators) through optimizing three distinct objective functions consisting of total transmission real power loss, the voltage magnitude deviations as well as voltage stability index. To validate the accuracy and competency of the proposed hybrid approach, it is firstly used for solving several benchmark optimization functions and then applied to three test systems at different scales, consisting of IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 57-bus, and IEEE 118-bus power systems, for solving the RPD problem. Eventually, the results of the presented hybrid method will be compared to those obtained by other implemented swarm intelligence-based approaches. The statistical analysis of this research substantiates the robustness and effectiveness of the developed algorithm to handle sophisticated optimization problems, particularly the RPD problem.

Ngo, CQ, Chai, R, Nguyen, TV, Jones, TW & Nguyen, HT 2020, 'Electroencephalogram Spectral Moments for the Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia', IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1237-1245.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is the most feared complication of insulin treatment of diabetes. For people with diabetes, the mismatch between the insulin therapy and the body's physiology could increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Nocturnal hypoglycemia is particularly dangerous for type-1 diabetes patients because its symptoms may obscure during sleep. The early onset detection of hypoglycemia at night time is necessary because it can result in unconsciousness and even death. This paper presents new electroencephalogram spectral features for nocturnal hypoglycemia detection. The system uses high-order spectral moments for feature extraction and Bayesian neural network for classification. From a clinical study of hypoglycemia of eight patients with type-1 diabetes at night, we find that these spectral moments of theta band and alpha band changed significantly. During hypoglycemia episodes, the theta moments increased significantly (P < 0.001) while the features of alpha band reduced significantly (P < 0.001). Using the optimal Bayesian neural network, the classification results were 85% and 52% in sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The significant correlation (P < 0.001) with real blood glucose profiles shows the effectiveness of the proposed features for the detection of nocturnal hypoglycemia.

Ngo, QT, Dang, DNM & Le‐Trung, Q 2020, 'Extreme power saving directional MAC protocol in IEEE 802.11ah networks', IET Networks, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 180-188.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Nguyen, CT, Saputra, YM, Huynh, NV, Nguyen, N-T, Khoa, TV, Tuan, BM, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Vu, TX, Dutkiewicz, E, Chatzinotas, S & Ottersten, B 2020, 'A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing—Part I: Fundamentals and Enabling Technologies', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 153479-153507.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Social distancing plays a pivotal role in preventing the spread of viral diseases illnesses such as COVID-19. By minimizing the close physical contact among people, we can reduce the chances of catching the virus and spreading it across the community. This two-part paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on how emerging technologies, e.g., wireless and networking, artificial intelligence (AI) can enable, encourage, and even enforce social distancing practice. In this Part I, we provide a comprehensive background of social distancing including basic concepts, measurements, models, and propose various practical social distancing scenarios. We then discuss enabling wireless technologies which are especially effect- in social distancing, e.g., symptom prediction, detection and monitoring quarantined people, and contact tracing. The companion paper Part II surveys other emerging and related technologies, such as machine learning, computer vision, thermal, ultrasound, etc., and discusses open issues and challenges (e.g., privacy-preserving, scheduling, and incentive mechanisms) in implementing social distancing in practice.

Nguyen, CT, Saputra, YM, Huynh, NV, Nguyen, N-T, Khoa, TV, Tuan, BM, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Vu, TX, Dutkiewicz, E, Chatzinotas, S & Ottersten, B 2020, 'Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing: A Comprehensive Survey and Open Problems', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 153479-153507.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Social distancing plays a pivotal role in preventing the spread of viraldiseases illnesses such as COVID-19. By minimizing the close physical contactamong people, we can reduce the chances of catching the virus and spreading itacross the community. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on howemerging technologies, e.g., wireless and networking, artificial intelligence(AI) can enable, encourage, and even enforce social distancing practice. Tothat end, we first provide a comprehensive background of social distancingincluding basic concepts, measurements, models, and propose various practicalsocial distancing scenarios. We then discuss enabling wireless technologieswhich are especially effective and can be widely adopted in practice to keepdistance, encourage, and enforce social distancing in general. After that,other emerging and related technologies such as machine learning, computervision, thermal, ultrasound, etc., are introduced. These technologies open manynew solutions and directions to deal with problems in social distancing, e.g.,symptom prediction, detection and monitoring quarantined people, and contacttracing. Finally, we provide important open issues and challenges (e.g.,privacy-preserving, scheduling, and incentive mechanisms) in implementingsocial distancing in practice. As an example, instead of reacting with ad-hocresponses to COVID-19-like pandemics in the future, smart infrastructures(e.g., next-generation wireless systems like 6G, smart home/building, smartcity, intelligent transportation systems) should incorporate a pandemic mode inits standard architecture/design.

Nguyen, CT, Saputra, YM, Van Huynh, N, Nguyen, N-T, Khoa, TV, Tuan, BM, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Vu, TX, Dutkiewicz, E, Chatzinotas, S & Ottersten, B 2020, 'A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing—Part II: Emerging Technologies and Open Issues', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 154209-154236.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This two-part paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on how emerging technologies, e.g., wireless and networking, artificial intelligence (AI) can enable, encourage, and even enforce social distancing practice. In Part I, an extensive background of social distancing is provided, and enabling wireless technologies are thoroughly surveyed. In this Part II, emerging technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, thermal, ultrasound, etc., are introduced. These technologies open many new solutions and directions to deal with problems in social distancing, e.g., symptom prediction, detection and monitoring quarantined people, and contact tracing. Finally, we discuss open issues and challenges (e.g., privacy-preserving, scheduling, and incentive mechanisms) in implementing social distancing in practice. As an example, instead of reacting with ad-hoc responses to COVID-19-like pandemics in the future, smart infrastructures (e.g., next-generation wireless systems like 6G, smart home/building, smart city, intelligent transportation systems) should incorporate a pandemic mode in their standard architectures/designs

Nguyen, HT, Tuan, HD, Duong, TQ, Poor, HV & Hwang, W-J 2020, 'Joint D2D Assignment, Bandwidth and Power Allocation in Cognitive UAV-Enabled Networks', IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1084-1095.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2015 IEEE. This paper considers a cognitive communication network, which consists of a flying base station deployed by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to serve its multiple downlink ground terminals (GTs), and multiple underlaid device-to-device (D2D) users. To support the GTs' throughput while guaranteeing the quality-of-service for the D2D users, the paper proposes the joint design of D2D assignment, bandwidth, and power allocation. This design task poses a computationally challenging mixed-binary optimization problem, for which a new computational method for its solution is developed. Multiple binary (discrete) constraints for the D2D assignment are equivalently expressed by continuous constraints to leverage systematic processes of continuous optimization. As a result, this problem of mixed-binary optimization is reformulated by an exactly penalized continuous optimization problem, for which an alternating descent algorithm is proposed. Each round of the algorithm invokes two simple convex optimization problems of low computational complexity. The theoretical convergence of the algorithm can be easily proved and the provided numerical results demonstrate its rapid convergence to an optimal solution. Such a cognitive network is even more desirable as it outperforms a non-cognitive network, which uses a partial bandwidth for D2D users only.

Nguyen, HT, Tuan, HD, Duong, TQ, Poor, HV & Hwang, W-J 2020, 'Nonsmooth Optimization Algorithms for Multicast Beamforming in Content-Centric Fog Radio Access Networks', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 68, pp. 1455-1469.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1991-2012 IEEE. This paper considers a content-centric fog radio access network (F-RAN). Its multi-antenna remote radio heads (RRHs) are capable of caching and executing signal processing for content delivery to its users. The fronthaul traffic is thus saved since its baseband processing unit (BBU) needs to transfer only the cache-missed content items to the RRHs via limited-capacity fronthaul links. The problem of beamforming design maximizing the energy efficiency in content delivery subject to the quality-of-content-service constraints in terms of content throughput and fronthaul limited-capacity is addressed. Unlike the user's throughput in user-centric networks, the content throughput in content-centric networks is no longer a differentiable function of the beamforming vectors. The problem is inherently high-dimensional due to the involvement of many beamforming vectors even in simple cases of three RRHs serving three users. Path-following algorithms, which invoke a simple convex quadratic optimization problem to generate a better feasible point, are proposed for computation of this nonsmooth and high-dimensional optimization problem. We also employ generalized zero-forcing beamforming, which forces the multi-content interference to zero or nearly to zero to reduce the problem dimensionality for computational efficiency. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate their computational effectiveness. They also reveal that when the fronthaul traffic becomes more flexible, hard-transfer fronthauling is more energy efficient than soft-transfer fronthauling.

Nguyen, TK, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2020, 'Max-Min QoS Power Control in Generalized Cell-Free Massive MIMO-NOMA With Optimal Backhaul Combining', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 10949-10964.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. This paper studies the uplink (UL) transmission of a generalized cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) system in which multiple base stations (or access points), each equipped with a multiple-antenna array and connected to a central processing unit (CPU) over a backhaul network, simultaneously serve multiple users in a cell-free service area. The paper focuses on the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approach for sharing pilot sequences among users. Unlike the conventional cell-free massive MIMO-NOMA systems in which the UL signals from different access points are equally combined over the backhaul network, this paper first develops an optimal backhaul combining (OBC) method to maximize the UL signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). It is shown that, by using OBC, the correlated interference can be effectively mitigated if the number of users assigned to each pilot sequence is less than or equal to the number of base stations (BSs). As a result, the cell-free massive MIMO-NOMA system with OBC can enjoy unlimited performance when the number of antennas at each BS tends to infinity. A closed-form SINR expression is derived under Rayleigh fading and used to formulate a max-min quality-of-service (QoS) power control problem to further enhance the system performance. To deal with the NP-hardness of the concerned optimization problem, a successive inner approximation technique is applied to convert the original problem into a series of convex optimizations, which can be solved iteratively. In addition, a user grouping algorithm is also developed and shown to be better than random user grouping and a grouping method recently proposed in the literature. Numerical results are presented to corroborate the analysis and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed optimal backhaul combining over both equal-gain backhaul combining and zero-forcing backhaul combining.

Ni, Z, Zhang, A, Yang, K, Gao, F & An, J 2020, 'Low-complexity Subarray-based RF Precoding for Wideband Multiuser Millimeter Wave Systems', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 1-1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. This correspondence paper proposes a novel low-complexity radio-frequency (RF) precoding and combining scheme for wideband multiuser millimeter wave hybrid-array systems, targeting at maximizing the system energy efficiency. We first derive a nearly-optimal fully-connected RF precoder, via minimizing the correlation across different users and subcarriers. We then extend the optimization solution to subarray-based architectures by exploiting the unitary matrix feature of subarrays. With the obtained phase values of the precoder, we optimize the power allocation on each subcarrier of the baseband precoder. Simulation results are provided and validate the effectiveness of our proposed hybrid precoding scheme.

Ni, Z, Zhang, JA, Yang, K, Gao, F & An, J 2020, 'Estimation of Multiple Angle-of-Arrivals With Localized Hybrid Subarrays for Millimeter Wave Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 1897-1910.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation with localized hybrid arrays is challenging in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. Most existing solutions quantize AoAs into limited values with relatively low accuracy. This paper presents a multi-AoA estimation scheme which is capable of estimating multiple AoAs from multiple users with low complexity. Specifically, we design a path filter via combining the received signals for each subarray. Each path filter enables a certain range of AoAs to pass through while suppressing the rest. Then we can use low-complexity cross-correlation operations to obtain continuous AoA estimates. Association of paths to users is further achieved by a follow-up pseudo-random codes based correlation operation. The scheme is first presented for a narrowband system and then extended to wideband with frequency selectivity. We also introduce new metrics and derive the lower bound of mean square error for evaluating the accuracy of AoA estimates, as conventional metrics face difficulties in the presence of multiple closely located AoAs. Extensive simulation results are provided and validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-AoA estimation scheme.

Ni, Z, Zhang, JA, Yang, K, Gao, F & An, J 2020, 'Hybrid Precoder Design With Minimum-Subspace-Distortion Quantization in Multiuser mmWave Communications', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 11055-11065.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. Hybrid precoding has been a promising technique in millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, providing a balanced tradeoff between system performance and hardware complexity. Existing hybrid precoding schemes either require full channel state information (CSI) or use codebook-based design, causing large feedback overhead or degraded system performance, respectively. In this paper, we propose a balanced scheme with limited feedback CSI and element-level quantization. Our key idea is to maximize the system sum rate by using an adaptive baseband precoder and an eigenbeam radio frequency (RF) precoder. The adaptive baseband precoder can balance the effective channel gain and the multiuser interference according to the transmitted power. The eigenbeam RF precoder is optimized with only requiring a limited length of feedback vector. Considering the practical constraints on RF precoders, we then propose a quantization algorithm that minimizes the subspace distortion between the optimized eigenbeam RF precoder and the quantized one. The quantization algorithm also works for the case when RF chains are more than users. Extensive simulation results are provided and validate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid precoding scheme.

Niwa, K, Chiba, H, Harada, N, Zhang, G & Kleijn, WB 2020, 'Microphone Array Wiener Post Filtering Using Monotone Operator Splitting', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 28, pp. 2036-2046.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

For array-based acoustic source enhancement, variants of multi-channel Wiener filters are commonly used. The approach includes a Wiener post-filter that requires the simultaneous estimation of the power spectral density (PSD) of the target source and of noise sources for each time-frame. Conventional methods generally do not exploit prior knowledge, such as sparsity of the source, in solving this simultaneous estimation problem. We show that, for common scenarios, the simultaneous PSD estimation with consideration of prior knowledge can be formulated as a convex optimization problem with linear constraints. We use monotone operator splitting (MOS) to solve the constrained optimization problem. Our experiments confirm that the proposed method improves the accuracy of the noise PSD estimation, and that the resulting enhanced target signal is of higher quality.

Nizami, MSH, Hossain, MJ & Fernandez, E 2020, 'Multiagent-Based Transactive Energy Management Systems for Residential Buildings With Distributed Energy Resources', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1836-1847.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2005-2012 IEEE. Proper management of building loads and distributed energy resources (DER) can offer grid assistance services in transactive energy (TE) frameworks besides providing cost savings for the consumer. However, most TE models require building loads and DER units to be managed by external entities (e.g., aggregators), and in some cases, consumers need to provide critical information related to their electricity demand and usage, which hampers their privacy. This article introduces a transactive energy management framework for the buildings in a residential neighborhood to address grid overloading and cost optimization of the buildings. The decentralized coordination for the energy management system is realized by using a multiagent system architecture, which provides the consumers with full decision-making authority and preserves their privacy. A new event-triggered transactive market algorithm is developed, where the buildings trade energy to maximize profits, while the regional grid operator procures energy-supply flexibility of active consumers to prevent transformer overloading. A two-stage energy management system is developed for the residential buildings that schedules building loads and DER units in day-ahead stage to minimize cost and inconveniences for the consumer while participating in the real-time transactive market to maximize profits. An optimal bidding model is developed for the buildings that incorporates the degradation of residential storage devices for energy trading. Case studies and analyses with actual Australian building data and electricity tariff structures indicate the efficacy of the proposed methodology for effective mitigation of transformer overloading at a negligible cost compared to transformer replacement cost. Results also indicate that the proposed system can provide 15-20% cost savings for the consumers while minimizing their inconveniences and degradation of storage devices.

Nizami, MSH, Hossain, MJ, Amin, BMR & Fernandez, E 2020, 'A residential energy management system with bi-level optimization-based bidding strategy for day-ahead bi-directional electricity trading', Applied Energy, vol. 261, pp. 114322-114322.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pei, T, Li, L, Zhang, J & Hao, X 2020, 'Module block fault locating strategy for large-scale photovoltaic arrays', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 214, pp. 112898-112898.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd In practical grid-connected photovoltaic systems, faulty modules for small-scale photovoltaic arrays need to be accurately located, while the same strategy to locate each faulty module for large-scale arrays would imply high investment cost due to a large number of sensors needed. Therefore, to reduce the number of sensors and save fault monitoring investment, it suffices to identify where fault happens in a module block, which consists of several modules connected in series. For this purpose, this paper proposes a fault-locating strategy to identify faulty module blocks for large-scale arrays, where voltage sensors are deployed by differentiating the parity of string numbers in the array to acquire the terminal voltages of the module blocks between adjacent strings, and the fault locating rules for open circuit, short circuit, degradation and partial shading faults are formulated. With the help of MATLAB/Simulink platform, the proposed strategy is tested in one small-size array and two large-scale arrays, and the testing results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can locate the single fault case, multiple faults of single-type, as well as mixed faults of different sub-arrays. To summarize, the proposed fault-locating method has higher locating accuracy, lower implementation cost and wiring complexity, and is easily integrable with existing photovoltaic systems.

Pei, T, Zhang, J, Li, L & Hao, X 2020, 'A fault locating method for PV arrays based on improved voltage sensor placement', Solar Energy, vol. 201, pp. 279-297.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 International Solar Energy Society Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has been widely used because of its environment-friendly advantages. However, operational faults in PV arrays have always been one of the critical factors affecting the PV system's power-generation efficiency and life cycle. This paper proposes a fault locating strategy, which does not need the current sensor in every PV string and can also minimize the number of voltage sensors between strings, to accurately locate the faulty PV modules in a PV array. A variety of faults including open circuit, short circuit, degradation and partial shading faults are considered, and a universal method is proposed in this paper to locate the faulty modules under these faults. In this method, the voltage sensors are deployed through differentiating the parity of the number of strings for the PV array, while the fault locating rules are formulated under each of the afore-mentioned faults, respectively. Compared with existing fault locating methods, the proposed locating technique is shown to be effective in the application to PV arrays with any size and capacity, and it can accurately locate each faulty module for those faults, especially for degradation and partial shading faults. Thus, it is helpful in PV array dynamic reconfiguration and maintenance cost reduction.

Pham, M, Hoang, DB & Chaczko, Z 2020, 'Congestion-Aware and Energy-Aware Virtual Network Embedding', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 210-223.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pradeepkumar, A, Amjadipour, M, Mishra, N, Liu, C, Fuhrer, MS, Bendavid, A, Isa, F, Zielinski, M, Sirikumara, HI, Jayasekara, T, Gaskill, DK & Iacopi, F 2020, 'p-Type Epitaxial Graphene on Cubic Silicon Carbide on Silicon for Integrated Silicon Technologies', ACS Applied Nano Materials, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 830-841.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. The synthesis of graphene on cubic silicon carbide on silicon pseudosubstrates draws enormous interest due to the potential integration of the 2D material with the well-established silicon technology and processing. However, the control of transport properties over large scales on this platform, essential for integrated electronics and photonics applications, has lagged behind so far, due to limitations such as 3C-SiC/Si interface instability and nonuniform graphene coverage. We address these issues by obtaining an epitaxial graphene (EG) onto 3C-SiC on a highly resistive silicon substrate using an alloy-mediated, solid-source graphene synthesis. We report the transport properties of EG grown over large areas directly on 3C-SiC(100) and 3C-SiC(111) substrates, and we present the corresponding physical models. We observe that the carrier transport of EG/3C-SiC is dominated by the graphene-substrate interaction rather than the EG grain size, sharing the same conductivity and same inverse power law as EG on 4H- or 6H-SiC(0001) substrates - although the grain sizes for the latter are vastly different. In addition, we show that the induced oxidation/silicates at the EG/3C-SiC interface generate a p-type charge in this graphene, particularly high for the EG/3C-SiC(001). When silicates are at the interface, the presence of a buffer layer in the EG/3C-SiC(111) system is found to reduce somewhat the charge transfer. This work also indicates that a renewed focus on the understanding and engineering of the EG interfaces could very well enable the long sought-after graphene-based electronics and photonics integrated on silicon.

Pradeepkumar, A, Gaskill, DK & Iacopi, F 2020, 'Electronic and Transport Properties of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC and 3C-SiC/Si: A Review', Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 4350-4350.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The electronic and transport properties of epitaxial graphene are dominated by the interactions the material makes with its surroundings. Based on the transport properties of epitaxial graphene on SiC and 3C-SiC/Si substrates reported in the literature, we emphasize that the graphene interfaces formed between the active material and its environment are of paramount importance, and how interface modifications enable the fine-tuning of the transport properties of graphene. This review provides a renewed attention on the understanding and engineering of epitaxial graphene interfaces for integrated electronics and photonics applications.

Pradhan, S, Zhang, G & Qiu, X 2020, 'A time domain decentralized algorithm for two channel active noise control', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 147, no. 6, pp. 3808-3813.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Due to their low computational complexity, reduced wiring cost, and flexibility of scaling up, decentralized multiple channel active control systems are attractive in many applications. In a decentralized multiple channel active control system, a number of small subsystems are constructed, which are updated independently with only the associated error signals. In this letter, a time domain two channel decentralized control algorithm is proposed to achieve the similar noise reduction performance as the centralized one. Auxiliary filters are introduced to filter the reference signal for control filter update and a unique design method is proposed to shape the frequency response of the auxiliary filters. The simulation results using the measured impulse responses demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for broadband noise control.

Qin, C, Zhang, JA, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Virtual-Subarray-Based Angle-of-Arrival Estimation in Analog Antenna Arrays', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 194-197.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2012 IEEE. Angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation is a challenging problem for analog antenna arrays. Typical algorithms are based on beam scanning which can be time-consuming. In this letter, we propose a virtual-subarray based recursive AoA estimation scheme that can get an AoA estimate from every two measurements and recursively improve the performance by updating beamforming weights with soft probability-based information. Simulation results validate the high efficiency of the proposed scheme, demonstrating its superiority for initial AoA estimation in analog arrays.

Qin, C, Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Wu, K & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Fast Angle-of-Arrival Estimation via Virtual Subarrays in Analog Antenna Array', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 6425-6439.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Rafi, FHM, Hossain, MJ, Rahman, MS & Taghizadeh, S 2020, 'An overview of unbalance compensation techniques using power electronic converters for active distribution systems with renewable generation', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 125, pp. 109812-109812.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Rahman, ML, Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Heath, RW 2020, 'Framework for a Perceptive Mobile Network Using Joint Communication and Radar Sensing', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1926-1941.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we develop a framework for a novel perceptive mobile/cellular network that integrates radar sensing function into the mobile communication network. We propose a unified system platform that enables downlink and uplink sensing, sharing the same transmitted signals with communications. We aim to tackle the fundamental sensing parameter estimation problem in perceptive mobile networks, by addressing two key challenges associated with sophisticated mobile signals and rich multipath in mobile networks. To extract sensing parameters from orthogonal frequency division multiple access and spatial division multiple access communication signals, we propose two approaches to formulate it to problems that can be solved by compressive sensing techniques. Most sensing algorithms have limits on the number of multipath signals for their inputs. To reduce the multipath signals, as well as removing unwanted clutter signals, we propose a background subtraction method based on simple recursive computation, and provide a closed-form expression for performance characterization. The effectiveness of these methods is validated in simulations.

Rahman, ML, Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Lu, Z 2020, 'Joint communication and radar sensing in 5G mobile network by compressive sensing', IET Communications, vol. 14, no. 22, pp. 3977-3988.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Rahman, MS, Hossain, MJ, Lu, J, Rafi, FHM & Mishra, S 2020, 'A Vehicle-to-Microgrid Framework With Optimization-Incorporated Distributed EV Coordination for a Commercial Neighborhood', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1788-1798.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Rajabi, A, Eskandari, M, Ghadi, MJ, Li, L, Zhang, J & Siano, P 2020, 'A comparative study of clustering techniques for electrical load pattern segmentation', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 120, pp. 109628-109628.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Smart meters have been widely deployed in power networks since the last decade. This trend has resulted in an enormous volume of data being collected from the electricity customers. To gain benefits for various stakeholders in power systems, proper data mining techniques, such as clustering, need to be employed to extract the underlying patterns from energy consumptions. In this paper, a comparative study of different techniques for load pattern clustering is carried out. Different parameters of the methods that affect the clustering results are evaluated and the clustering algorithms are compared for two data sets. In addition, the two suitable and commonly used data size reduction techniques and feature definition/extraction methods for load pattern clustering are analysed. Furthermore, the existing studies on clustering of electricity customers are reviewed and the main results are highlighted. Finally, the future trends and major applications of clustering consumption patterns are outlined to inform industry practitioners and academic researchers to optimize smart meter operational use and effectiveness.

Ranjan Das, S, Mishra, AK, Ray, PK, Mohanty, A, Mishra, DK, Li, L, Hossain, MJ & Mallick, RK 2020, 'Advanced wavelet transform based shunt hybrid active filter in PV integrated power distribution system for power quality enhancement', IET Energy Systems Integration, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 331-343.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Regan, B, Aghajamali, A, Froech, J, Tran, TT, Scott, J, Bishop, J, Suarez‐Martinez, I, Liu, Y, Cairney, JM, Marks, NA, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2020, 'Plastic Deformation of Single‐Crystal Diamond Nanopillars', Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1906458-1906458.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractDiamond is known to possess a range of extraordinary properties that include exceptional mechanical stability. In this work, it is demonstrated that nanoscale diamond pillars can undergo not only elastic deformation (and brittle fracture), but also a new form of plastic deformation that depends critically on the nanopillar dimensions and crystallographic orientation of the diamond. The plastic deformation can be explained by the emergence of an ordered allotrope of carbon that is termed O8‐carbon. The new phase is predicted by simulations of the deformation dynamics, which show how the sp3 bonds of (001)‐oriented diamond restructure into O8‐carbon in localized regions of deforming diamond nanopillars. The results demonstrate unprecedented mechanical behavior of diamond, and provide important insights into deformation dynamics of nanostructured materials.

Ren, C, Lyu, X, Ni, W, Tian, H, Song, W & Liu, RP 2020, 'Distributed Online Optimization of Fog Computing for Internet of Things Under Finite Device Buffers', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 5434-5448.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Romero, E, Valenzuela, VM, Kermany, AR, Sementilli, L, Iacopi, F & Bowen, WP 2020, 'Engineering the Dissipation of Crystalline Micromechanical Resonators', Physical Review Applied, vol. 13, no. 4.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 American Physical Society. © 2020 American Physical Society. High-quality micro- and nanomechanical resonators are widely used in sensing, communications, and timing, and have future applications in quantum technologies and fundamental studies of quantum physics. Crystalline thin films are particularly attractive for such resonators due to their prospects for high quality, high intrinsic stress, high yield strength, and low dissipation. However, when such films are grown on a silicon substrate, interfacial defects arising from lattice mismatch with the substrate have been postulated to introduce additional dissipation. Here, we develop a back-side etching process for single-crystal silicon carbide microresonators that allows us to quantitatively verify this prediction. By engineering the geometry of the resonators and removing the defective interfacial layer, we achieve quality factors exceeding a million in silicon carbide trampoline resonators at room temperature, a factor of five higher than those achieved without removal of the interfacial defect layer. We predict that similar devices fabricated from ultrahigh-purity silicon carbide, leveraging its high yield strength, could enable room-temperature quality factors as high as 6×109.

Rufangura, P, Folland, TG, Agrawal, A, Caldwell, JD & Iacopi, F 2020, 'Towards low- loss on-chip nanophotonics with coupled graphene and silicon carbide: a review', Journal of Physics: Materials, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 032005-032005.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract The ability to control the interaction of light and matter at the nanoscale is at the heart of the field of nanophotonics. This subdiffractional confinement of light can be achieved through the stimulation of surface polaritons, most notably surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). However, the high optical losses and lack of tunability of conventional plasmonic materials have hindered major progress in this field. In the search for alternative low-loss and tunable materials, graphene and polar dielectric materials are viewed as potential alternatives to more common metal-based plasmonic materials. In particular, the possibility of combining the tunable nature of graphene SPPs with the high-quality factors and long lifetimes of surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) modes supported in polar dielectric materials (e.g. SiC) offers great promise for advanced nanophotonic applications. The combination of graphene SPPs and SPhPs supported in SiC is even more pertinent as this material system can be realized in the form of epitaxial graphene (EG), whereby sublimation of silicon from a SiC results in a surface reconstruction into a graphene surface termination. This offers an ideal technology platform for realizing hybrid SPP-SPhP modes. In this review, we outline advances in graphene plasmonics and the generation of SPhPs in polar materials, in the context of epitaxial graphene. We review recent attempts at realizing such coupling of graphene SPPs with phonon and SPhP modes in SiC, as well as covering such modes in other polar materials and conclude with an overview of advantages and challenges for further advancement of nanophotonics based on graphene on silicon carbide for on-chip light manipulation.

Rutherford, H, Chacon, A, Mohammadi, A, Takyu, S, Tashima, H, Yoshida, E, Nishikido, F, Hofmann, T, Pinto, M, Franklin, DR, Yamaya, T, Parodi, K, Rosenfeld, AB, Guatelli, S & Safavi-Naeini, M 2020, 'Dose quantification in carbon ion therapy using in-beam positron emission tomography', Physics in Medicine & Biology, vol. 65, no. 23, pp. 235052-235052.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract This work presents an iterative method for the estimation of the absolute dose distribution in patients undergoing carbon ion therapy, via analysis of the distribution of positron annihilations resulting from the decay of positron-emitting fragments created in the target volume. The proposed method relies on the decomposition of the total positron-annihilation distributions into profiles of the three principal positron-emitting fragment species - 11C, 10C and 15O. A library of basis functions is constructed by simulating a range of monoenergetic 12C ion irradiations of a homogeneous polymethyl methacrylate phantom and measuring the resulting one-dimensional positron-emitting fragment profiles and dose distributions. To estimate the dose delivered during an arbitrary polyenergetic irradiation, a linear combination of factors from the fragment profile library is iteratively fitted to the decomposed positron annihilation profile acquired during the irradiation, and the resulting weights combined with the corresponding monoenergetic dose profiles to estimate the total dose distribution. A total variation regularisation term is incorporated into the fitting process to suppress high-frequency noise. The method was evaluated with 14 different polyenergetic 12C dose profiles in a polymethyl methacrylate target: one which produces a flat biological dose, 10 with randomised energy weighting factors, and three with distinct dose maxima or minima within the spread-out Bragg peak region. The proposed method is able to calculate the dose profile with mean relative errors of 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.6% from the 11C, 10C, 15O fragment profiles, respectively, and estimate the position of the distal edge of the SOBP to within an average of 0.7 mm, 1.9 mm and...

Saki, M, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 2020, 'A Novel Approach for Big Data Classification and Transportation in Rail Networks', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1239-1249.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper introduces a new framework into future data-driven railway condition monitoring systems (RCM). For this purpose, we have proposed an edge processing unit that includes two main parts: a data classification model that classifies Internet of Things (IoT) data into maintenance-critical data (MCD) and maintenance-non-critical data (MNCD) and a data transmission unit that, based on the class of data, employs appropriate communication methods to transmit data to railway control centers. For the transmission of MNCD, we propose a travel pattern method that employs train stations as points of data offloading so that trains can deliver data as well as passengers at stations. The performance of our proposed solution is successfully validated via three various data sets under different operating conditions.

Saki, M, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & Jamalipour, A 2020, 'A Comprehensive Access Point Placement for IoT Data Transmission Through Train-Wayside Communications in Multi-Environment Based Rail Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 11937-11949.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we propose three algorithms for placement of access points (APs) for the purpose of data transportation via train-to-wayside (T2W) communications along a rail network. The first algorithm is proposed to find the minimum number of APs so that the path-loss (PL) does not exceed a desired threshold. Through the second algorithm, the most optimal places for a desired number of APs are determined so that the average PL is minimum. The goal of the third algorithm is to determine the required number and optimal places of APs in a rail network. Furthermore, we propose a model to consider the effects of changes of communication characteristics on the efficiency of the network in different environments. Through such model, the algorithms proposed for placement of APs can be used in different railway scenarios. The proposed algorithms are validated through extensive simulations in Sydney Trains of Australia. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can improve the efficiency of the system at least 21% and up to 165% within 10 different scenarios. We also show that we can approximately transmit over 250 Gigabit data through T2W communications over common WiFi networks.

Saputra, YM, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Vu, TX, Dutkiewicz, E & Chatzinotas, S 2020, 'Federated Learning Meets Contract Theory: Energy-Efficient Framework for Electric Vehicle Networks', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, pp. 1-1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient framework for an electricvehicle (EV) network using a contract theoretic-based economic model tomaximize the profits of charging stations (CSs) and improve the social welfareof the network. Specifically, we first introduce CS-based and CSclustering-based decentralized federated energy learning (DFEL) approacheswhich enable the CSs to train their own energy transactions locally to predictenergy demands. In this way, each CS can exchange its learned model with otherCSs to improve prediction accuracy without revealing actual datasets and reducecommunication overhead among the CSs. Based on the energy demand prediction, wethen design a multi-principal one-agent (MPOA) contract-based method. Inparticular, we formulate the CSs' utility maximization as a non-collaborativeenergy contract problem in which each CS maximizes its utility under commonconstraints from the smart grid provider (SGP) and other CSs' contracts. Then,we prove the existence of an equilibrium contract solution for all the CSs anddevelop an iterative algorithm at the SGP to find the equilibrium. Throughsimulation results using the dataset of CSs' transactions in Dundee city, theUnited Kingdom between 2017 and 2018, we demonstrate that our proposed methodcan achieve the energy demand prediction accuracy improvement up to 24.63% andlessen communication overhead by 96.3% compared with other machine learningalgorithms. Furthermore, our proposed method can outperform non-contract-basedeconomic models by 35% and 36% in terms of the CSs' utilities and socialwelfare of the network, respectively.

Sarker, PC, Guo, Y, Lu, HY & Zhu, JG 2020, 'A generalized inverse Preisach dynamic hysteresis model of Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials', Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 514, pp. 167290-167290.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials are attracting more and more attentions in the application of low and medium frequency transformers due to their favorable properties of low core loss and high saturation magnetic flux density. Accurate modelling of their static and dynamic characteristics is required for analysis and design optimization of low and medium frequency transformers. In particular, for numerical analysis using the vectorial magnetic potential, an inverse magnetic hysteresis model is needed to predict the magnetic field strength from the magnetic flux density. When the excitation varies with time, the magnetic hysteresis model must be able to predict the dynamic hysteresis characteristics. This paper presents a generalized inverse Preisach dynamic hysteresis model for dynamic characterization of Fe-based magnetic materials. This model incorporates the reversible magnetization and magnetization dependent hysteresis, as well as all core loss components, including the hysteresis, eddy current, and excess losses. The proposed model can predict accurately the magnetic field strength from the magnetic flux density and hence accurate core losses. The predicted results are verified by experimental measurements.

Sathik, MJ, Bhatnagar, K, Siwakoti, YP, Bassi, HM, Rawa, M, Sandeep, N, Yang, Y & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'Switched‐capacitor multilevel inverter with self‐voltage‐balancing for high‐frequency power distribution system', IET Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1807-1818.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) with reduced components is attractive for higher number of voltagelevels due to less implementation complexity and low cost. In this study, a new family of hybrid SCMLI for high frequency powerdistribution system is presented to eliminate the intermediate power conversion. Firstly, a five-level SCMLI employing a singlevoltage source is proposed, which is further extended to nine-level (9L) with its operation. Further extension/enhancement of theproposed 9L-SCMLI for generating a higher number of voltage levels with reduced number of components is achieved on thebasis of structural modification. The mathematical analysis for determination of capacitance, power loss analysis andcomparative analysis has been provided in detail. A comprehensive comparison with other similar topologies is also provided tohighlight the merits of the proposed topology. Simulation and experimental results are discussed for various dynamic loadconditions with different output frequencies to validate the suitability of the proposed SCMLI for various high-frequency ACapplications, such as renewable energy systems, microgrids, electric vehicles and so on.

Savkin, AV, Huang, H & Ni, W 2020, 'Securing UAV Communication in the Presence of Stationary or Mobile Eavesdroppers via Online 3D Trajectory Planning', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1211-1215.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2012 IEEE. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are expected to play an active role In future wireless communication systems, thanks to their excellent mobility. This letter considers a problem of navigating a UAV to secure Its wireless communication with a stationary or mobile ground node In the presence of stationary or mobile eavesdroppers that can eavesdrop Individually and collaboratively. We optimize online the 3D trajectory of the UAV to minimize the energy expenditure of the UAV subject to the UAV's aeronautic maneuverability, and the ground node can effectively capture the transmitted data while the eavesdroppers are not able to do It. A model predictive control (MPC) based navigation scheme Is developed and Its optimality Is proved. Computer simulations and comparisons against a benchmark method are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Sayem, ASM, Esselle, KP & Hashmi, RM 2020, 'Increasing the transparency of compact flexible antennas using defected ground structure for unobtrusive wearable technologies', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 14, no. 14, pp. 1869-1877.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sayem, ASM, Esselle, KP, Hashmi, RM & Liu, H 2020, 'Experimental studies of the robustness of the conductive-mesh-polymer composite towards the development of conformal and transparent antennas', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 085015-085015.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sayem, ASM, Le, D, Simorangkir, RBVB, Bjorninen, T, Esselle, KP, Hashmi, RM & Zhadobov, M 2020, 'Optically Transparent Flexible Robust Circularly Polarized Antenna for UHF RFID Tags', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2334-2338.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sayem, ASM, Simorangkir, RBVB, Esselle, KP, Hashmi, RM & Liu, H 2020, 'A Method to Develop Flexible Robust Optically Transparent Unidirectional Antennas Utilizing Pure Water, PDMS, and Transparent Conductive Mesh', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 6943-6952.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Shahid, I, Thalakotuna, DN, Karmokar, DK & Heimlich, M 2020, 'Asymmetric transversal patch loaded microstrip line based 1-D periodic structure with flexible selection of stopband resonance', AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 114, pp. 153010-153010.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 Elsevier GmbH A reactively loaded microstrip line based 1-D periodic structure is discussed. An off-centered via configuration is introduced to the conventional center-shorted square patch mushroom type electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. In this work, a rectangular transversal patch is used to load a longitudinal microstrip line reactively. Reactive loading is varied by changing the via position away from the patch center while keeping all other structure parameters constant. This asymmetric loading causes the structure to exhibit EBG characteristics at much lower frequency with the same structure dimensions when compared to conventional centered via setup. Propagating modes are investigated using eigenmode dispersion analysis for different via positions. An equivalent circuit model of the proposed unit cell is developed. Transmission matrix (ABCD) based phase constant calculations for the circuit model agrees with the dispersion analysis results. Finally, experimental results confirm that the proposed asymmetric configuration allows the structure to lower the bandgap resonance by 28.6% with negligible impact on other performance attributes of the structure. Using the proposed configuration, compact filter structures can be designed where the stopband resonance can be flexibly placed in the band of interest within a wide frequency range, by optimizing the via position.

Shahid, I, Thalakotuna, DN, Karmokar, DK & Heimlich, M 2020, 'Bandstop Filter Synthesis Scheme for Reactively Loaded Microstrip Line Based 1-D Periodic Structures', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 155492-155505.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A 1-D finite electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) periodic structure is studied. In the structure, EBG behaviour arises from a unit cell comprised of a metallic patch sandwiched between microstrip line and ground plane. Reactive loading offered by patch size determines the bandgap position. A detailed parametric study of various physical structure parameters is presented as a basis to develop a interrelation between physical parameters of the structure and cutoff frequencies. Closed-form synthesis equations are then formulated using curve fitting techniques. Subsequently, a step-by-step design methodology is presented to get a close first pass approximation of structure dimensions for a given specification. This design method reduces the effort required for a designer to perform extensive electromagnetic simulations at early stages of the design. The proposed synthesis method is tested for a variety of commercially available substrates and different frequency ranges for validation. Comparison with electromagnetic (EM) simulations and measurement show that the proposed synthesis method provides first pass approximation of the physical structure dimensions with 94% accuracy.

Shan, Y, Hu, J, Liu, M, Zhu, J & Guerrero, JM 2020, 'Model Predictive Voltage and Power Control of Islanded PV-Battery Microgrids With Washout-Filter-Based Power Sharing Strategy', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1227-1238.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1986-2012 IEEE. This paper proposes a new control strategy of microgrids for the improved voltage quality. In the existing control techniques, the droop control is commonly adopted as a decentralized power sharing method at the cost of voltage deviations. Besides, the conventional cascaded control featuring relatively slow dynamic response shows difficulties in handling the fluctuation of renewable energy outputs, leading to further voltage quality deterioration. In this paper, an advanced model predictive power control strategy by considering the battery constraints is proposed for the bidirectional dc-dc converters to smooth the solar photovoltaic (PV) outputs and stabilize the dc-bus voltages. A model predictive voltage control scheme taking into account the voltage changing trend is then developed to control the distributed inverters to improve the output ac voltages. Furthermore, a washout-filter-based power sharing approach with the plug-and-play capability is adopted to achieve a proper load sharing among parallel inverters and mitigate the voltage deviation. The proposed control strategy is numerically simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally verified by hardware-in-the-loop tests under the condition of fluctuating PV outputs and variable power demands. (This paper is accompanied by a video showing the hardware-in-the-loop test.)

Sharma, V, Hossain, MJ, Ali, SMN & Kashif, M 2020, 'A Photovoltaic-Fed Z-Source Inverter Motor Drive with Fault-Tolerant Capability for Rural Irrigation', Energies, vol. 13, no. 18, pp. 4630-4630.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as economical solutions for irrigation systems in rural areas. However, they are characterized by low voltage output and less reliable configurations. To address this issue in this paper, a promising inverter configuration called Impedance (Z)-source inverter (ZSI) is designed and implemented to obtain high voltage output with single-stage power conversion, particularly suitable for irrigation application. An improved and efficient modulation scheme and design specifications of the network parameters are derived. Additionally, a suitable fault-tolerant strategy is developed and implemented to improve reliability and efficiency. It incorporates an additional redundant leg with an improved control strategy to facilitate the fault-tolerant operation. The proposed fault-tolerant circuit is designed to handle switch failures of the inverter modules due to the open-circuit and short-circuit faults. The relevant simulation and experimental results under normal, faulty and post-fault operation are presented. The post-fault operation characteristics are identical to the normal operation. The motor performance characteristics such as load current, torque, harmonic spectrum, and efficiency are thoroughly analysed to prove the suitability of the proposed system for irrigation applications. This study provides an efficient and economical solution for rural irrigation utilized in developing countries, for example, India.

Shaukat, K, Luo, S, Varadharajan, V, Hameed, IA & Xu, M 2020, 'A Survey on Machine Learning Techniques for Cyber Security in the Last Decade', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 222310-222354.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Pervasive growth and usage of the Internet and mobile applications have expanded cyberspace. The cyberspace has become more vulnerable to automated and prolonged cyberattacks. Cyber security techniques provide enhancements in security measures to detect and react against cyberattacks. The previously used security systems are no longer sufficient because cybercriminals are smart enough to evade conventional security systems. Conventional security systems lack efficiency in detecting previously unseen and polymorphic security attacks. Machine learning (ML) techniques are playing a vital role in numerous applications of cyber security. However, despite the ongoing success, there are significant challenges in ensuring the trustworthiness of ML systems. There are incentivized malicious adversaries present in the cyberspace that are willing to game and exploit such ML vulnerabilities. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges that ML techniques face in protecting cyberspace against attacks, by presenting a literature on ML techniques for cyber security including intrusion detection, spam detection, and malware detection on computer networks and mobile networks in the last decade. It also provides brief descriptions of each ML method, frequently used security datasets, essential ML tools, and evaluation metrics to evaluate a classification model. It finally discusses the challenges of using ML techniques in cyber security. This paper provides the latest extensive bibliography and the current trends of ML in cyber security.

Sheng, Z, Tuan, HD, Nasir, AA, Duong, TQ & Poor, HV 2020, 'Secure UAV-Enabled Communication Using Han–Kobayashi Signaling', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 2905-2919.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2002-2012 IEEE. This paper proposes Han-Kobayashi signaling (HKS), under which each pair of users decodes a common message to improve their throughput, for UAV-enabled multi-user communication. Given that only a single transmit antenna is used and thus there is no null space of users' channels for inserting an artificial noise that would effectively help to jam an eavesdropper without interfering the users' desired signals, a new information and artificial noise transfer scheme to address physical layer security (PLS) for the considered networks is investigated. Under this scheme, the UAV sends the confidential information to its users within a fraction of the time slot and sends the artificial noise within the remaining fraction. Accordingly, the problem of jointly optimizing the time-fraction, bandwidth and power allocation to maximize the users' worst secrecy throughput is formulated. New inner approximations are proposed for developing path-following algorithms for its computation. Simulation shows that the proposed information and artificial noise transfer enables not only HKS but also orthogonal multi-access and nonorthogonal multi-access to provide PLS for UAV-enabled communication even when the eavesdropper is in the best channel condition. HKS outperforms the other two schemes in terms of users' worst secrecy throughput.

Shi, Y, Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 2020, 'Parameterized bilinear matrix inequality techniques for gain‐scheduling proportional integral derivative control design', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 3886-3905.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

SummaryProportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) structured controller is the most popular class of industrial control but still could not be appropriately exploited in gain‐scheduling control systems. To gain the practicability and tractability of gain‐scheduling control systems, this paper addresses thegain‐scheduling PID control. The design of such a controller is based on parameterized bilinear matrix inequalities, which are then solved via a bilinear matrix inequality optimization problem of nonconvex optimization. Several computational procedures are developed for its computation. The merit of the developed algorithms is shown through the benchmark examples.

Shi, Y, Tuan, HD, Duong, TQ, Poor, HV & Savkin, AV 2020, 'PMU Placement Optimization for Efficient State Estimation in Smart Grid', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 71-83.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1983-2012 IEEE. This paper investigates phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement for informative state estimation in smart grid by incorporating various constraints for observability. Observability constitutes an important property for PMU placement to characterize the depth of the buses' reachability by the placed PMUs, but addressing it solely by binary linear programming as in many works still does not guarantee a good estimate for the grid state. Some existing works have considered optimization of some estimation indices by ignoring the observability requirements for computational ease and thus potentially lead to trivial results such as acceptance of the estimate for an unobserved state component as its unconditional mean. In this work, the PMU placement optimization problem is considered by minimizing the mean squared error or maximizing the mutual information between the measurement output and grid state subject to observability constraints, which incorporate operating conditions such as presence of zero injection buses, contingency of measurement loss, and limitation of communication channels per PMU. The proposed design is thus free from the fundamental shortcomings in the existing PMU placement designs. The problems are posed as large scale binary nonlinear optimization problems involving thousands of binary variables, for which this paper develops efficient algorithms for computational solutions. Their performance is analyzed in detail through numerical examples on large scale IEEE power networks. The solution method is also shown to be extendable to AC power flow models, which are formulated by nonlinear equations.

Shi, Z, Pan, Q & Xu, M 2020, 'LSTM-Cubic A*-based auxiliary decision support system in air traffic management', Neurocomputing, vol. 391, pp. 167-176.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Shi, Z, Sun, X, Lei, G, Yang, Z, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Analysis and Optimization of Radial Force of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Hub Motors', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 1-4.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1965-2012 IEEE. Permanent-magnet synchronous hub motors (PMSHMs) have been investigated for electric vehicles. However, there are some challenges such as effective cooling and radial force. As PMSHMs are installed on the wheels, the radial force will directly affect the ride comfort of the vehicle. This article presents the analysis and optimization of the radial force for PMSHMs. The radial force densities of the symmetry and asymmetry PMSHMs are analyzed first. It is found that the symmetry PMSHMs have balanced force, while the asymmetry PMSHMs normally have big unbalanced radial force and vibration. To reduce the radial force of the asymmetry PMSHMs, an improved sequential Taguchi optimization method (ISTOM) with mixed orthogonal array is presented for an asymmetry PMSHM in this article. It can be found that the proposed method is efficient and can significantly reduce the radial force of the hub motor.

Singh, K, Afzal, MU, Kovaleva, M & Esselle, KP 2020, 'Controlling the Most Significant Grating Lobes in Two-Dimensional Beam-Steering Systems With Phase-Gradient Metasurfaces', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 1389-1401.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 IEEE. High-directivity antenna systems that provide 2-D beam steering by rotating a pair of phase-gradient metasurfaces (PGMs) in the near field of a fixed-beam antenna, hereafter referred to as near-field meta-steering systems, are efficient, planar, simple, short, require less power to operate, and do not require antenna tilting. However, when steering the beam, such systems generate undesirable dominant grating lobes, which substantially limit their applications. Optimizing a pair of these metasurfaces to minimize the grating lobes using standard methods is nearly impossible due to their large electrical size and thousands of small features leading to high computational costs. This article addresses this challenge as follows. First, it presents a method to efficiently reduce the strength of 'offending' grating lobes by optimizing a supercell using Floquet analysis and multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Second, it investigates the effects of the transmission phase gradient of PGMs on radiation-pattern quality. It is shown that the number of dominant unwanted lobes in a 2-D beam-steering antenna system and their levels can be reduced substantially by increasing the transmission phase gradient of the two PGMs. This knowledge is then extended to 2-D beam-steering systems, where we demonstrate how to substantially reduce all grating lobes to a level below-20 dB for all beam directions, without applying any amplitude tapering to the aperture field. When steering the beam of two meta-steering systems with peak directivities of 30.5 and 31.4 dBi, within a conical volume with an apex angle of 96°, the variation in directivity is 2.4 and 3.2 dB, respectively. We also demonstrate that beam-steering systems with steeper gradient PGMs can steer the beam in a wider range of directions, require less mechanical rotation of metasurfaces to obtain a given scan range, and their beam steering is faster. The gap between the two metasurfaces in a near-fie...

Siwakoti, YP, Palanisamy, A, Mahajan, A, Liese, S, Long, T & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'Analysis and Design of a Novel Six-Switch Five-Level Active Boost Neutral Point Clamped Inverter', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 10485-10496.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This article presents an analysis and design of a new boost type six-switch five-level (5L) active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter based on switched/flying capacitor technique with self-voltage balancing. Compared to major conventional 5L inverter topologies, such as neutral point clamped, flying capacitor, cascaded H-bridge, and ANPC topologies, the new topology reduces the dc-link voltage requirement by 50%. Whilst reducing the dc-link voltage requirement, the number and the size of the active and passive components are also reduced without compromising the reactive power capability. The analysis shows that the proposed topology is suitable for wide range of power conversion applications (for example, rolling mills, fans, pumps, marine appliances, mining, tractions, and most prominently grid-connected renewable energy systems). Experimental results from a 1.2 kVA prototype justifies the concept of the proposed inverter with a conversion efficiency of around 97.5% ± 1% for a wide load range.

Soltanieh, N, Norouzi, Y, Yang, Y & Karmakar, NC 2020, 'A Review of Radio Frequency Fingerprinting Techniques', IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 222-233.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting techniques have been used as an extra security layer for wireless devices. Unique fingerprints are used to identify wireless devices in order to avoid spoofing or impersonating attacks. These unique features can be extracted from imperfections of analog components during the manufacturing. This paper presents a general review of recent progress on RF fingerprinting techniques. Several studies are investigated for RF fingerprinting using different parts of a signal. The majority of these studies have been focused on the transient part of the signal. For this purpose, the transient signal must be extracted precisely. A number of common techniques of transient extraction are theoretically analyzed in this review. Then, some other approaches using the modulated part of the signal are also discussed. For all these approaches, the applied methodologies, the classification algorithms and a taxonomy of features are described. A comprehensive overview of the methods in RF fingerprinting is presented to demonstrate the state-of-the-art works.

Song, B, Wang, X, Ni, W, Song, Y, Liu, RP, Jiang, G-P & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Reliability Analysis of Large-Scale Adaptive Weighted Networks', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 15, pp. 651-665.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2005-2012 IEEE. Disconnecting impaired or suspicious nodes and rewiring to those reliable, adaptive networks have the potential to inhibit cascading failures, such as DDoS attack and computer virus. The weights of disconnected links, indicating the workload of the links, can be transferred or redistributed to newly connected links to maintain network operations. Distinctively different from existing studies focused on adaptive unweighted networks, this paper presents a new mean-field model to analyze the reliability of adaptive weighted networks against cascading failures. By taking mean-field approximation, we develop a new continuous-time Markov model to capture the propagations of cascading failures and the rewiring actions that individual nodes can take to bypass failed neighbors. We analyze the stability of the model to identify the critical conditions, under which the cascading failures can be eventually inhibited or would proliferate. The conditions are evaluated under different link weight distributions and rewiring strategies. Our model reveals that preferentially disconnecting suspicious peers with high weights can effectively inhibit virus and failures.

Suarez-Rodriguez, C, Haider, N, He, Y & Dutkiewicz, E 2020, 'Network Optimisation in 5G Networks: A Radio Environment Map Approach.', IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 12043-12057.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Subasinghage, K, Gunawardane, K & Kularatna, N 2020, 'Stability analysis and experimental validation of the supercapacitor‐assisted low‐dropout regulator', IET Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 15, pp. 3213-3225.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sun, F, Gómez‐García, R, Zhu, X, Zhu, H, Yang, Y & Tong, X 2020, 'Miniaturised millimetre‐wave BPF with broad stopband suppression in silicon–germanium technology', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 308-313.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved. On-chip passive distributed-element-based bandpass filters (BPFs) usually provide a decent stopband suppression across a limited bandwidth. To solve this drawback without adversely affecting other performance metrics, a simple but effective miniaturised BPF design approach is presented in this work. The proposed integrated BPF topology uses a combination of a coupled-inductor structure with a pair of metal-insulator-metal capacitors in a quasi-lumped-element realisation. To show the operational principles of this BPF approach, a simplified inductor-capacitor-equivalent circuit model is used for its theoretical analysis. From this analytical framework as an initial design guideline, a quasi-millimetre-wave BPF is designed and implemented in a standard 0.13 μmu;mu;m bipolar complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor technology. The measured results show that the developed BPF device has a centre frequency of 28 GHz with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 21% and minimum in-band power-insertion-loss level of 3.4 dB. The stopband suppression is higher than 25 dB beyond 45 GHz. The chip size, excluding the pads, is only 0.017 mm2 (0.06 × 0.284 mm2).

Sun, H-H, Ding, C, Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Dual-Polarized Multi-Resonance Antennas With Broad Bandwidths and Compact Sizes for Base Station Applications', IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 1, pp. 11-19.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, a novel design method for dual-polarized multi-resonance antennas is presented for base station applications. The radiator of the antenna is configured as cross-dipoles with four thin metal strips connected to the adjacent dipole arms. The attached strips create multiple current paths and introduce additional resonant points. As a result, the bandwidth of the antennas is broadened while maintaining a very compact size. Based on this working mechanism, two multi-resonance antennas are designed, fabricated, and tested. The antennas achieve bandwidths of 46.7% and 66.7% respectively, with excellent matching capabilities. The antennas also exhibit high port isolation levels and stable radiation performances. The promising wideband performances with compact physical sizes make the antennas highly suitable for the base station applications.

Sun, H-H, Jones, B, Guo, YJ & Lee, YH 2020, 'Suppression of Cross-Band Scattering in Interleaved Dual-Band Cellular Base-Station Antenna Arrays', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 222486-222495.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sun, H-H, Zhu, H, Ding, C, Jones, B & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Scattering Suppression in a 4G and 5G Base Station Antenna Array Using Spiral Chokes', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1818-1822.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. This letter presents a novel distributed choking technique, the spiral choke, for scattering suppression in dual-band antenna arrays. The working principle and the scattering suppression capability of the choke are analyzed. The spiral chokes are implemented as low-band radiators in a colocated 4G and 5G dual-band array to suppress cross-band scattering while broadening the bandwidth of the choked element. The experimental results demonstrate that the cross-band scattering in the array is largely eliminated, and the realized dual-band array has very stable radiation performance in both well-matched bands.

Sun, X, Cao, J, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Speed Sensorless Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Finite Position Set', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 6089-6100.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1982-2012 IEEE. This article presents a novel method for the sensorless control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors. An iterative search strategy based on dichotomy is proposed to provide a finite number of rotor position angles with good accuracy. These position angles are used to calculate the back electromotive force (EMF) in d-axis. The optimal rotor position angle is the one that yields a back EMF minimizing the defined cost function. With the increase of the iterations, the accuracy of rotor position angle increases geometrically. To effectively extract the back EMF signal under the low-speed condition, the high-frequency signal injection method is used to realize the low-speed operation of the motor. A hybrid control strategy is adopted to achieve the smooth switching from the low-speed to high-speed. The performance of the proposed method has been validated experimentally and compared with that of the conventional phase locked loop under different conditions.

Sun, X, Diao, K, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Real-Time HIL Emulation for a Segmented-Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor Using a New Magnetic Equivalent Circuit', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 3841-3849.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sun, X, Hu, C, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'State Feedback Control for a PM Hub Motor Based on Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1136-1146.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1986-2012 IEEE. This paper presents an optimal control strategy for a permanent-magnet synchronous hub motor (PMSHM) drive using the state feedback control method plus the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. First, the linearized PMSHM mathematical model is obtained by voltage feedforward compensation. Second, to acquire satisfactory dynamics of speed response and zero d-axis current, the discretized state-space model of the PMSHM is augmented with the integral of rotor speed error and integral of d-axis current error. Then, the GWO algorithm is employed to acquire the weighting matrices Q and R in linear quadratic regulator optimization process. Moreover, a penalty term is introduced to the fitness index to suppress overshoots effectively. Finally, comparisons among the GWO-based state feedback controller (SFC) with and without the penalty term, the conventional SFC, and the genetic algorithm enhanced proportional-integral controllers are conducted in both simulations and experiments. The comparison results show the superiority of the proposed SFC with the penalty term in fast response.

Sun, X, Hu, C, Lei, G, Yang, Z, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Speed Sensorless Control of SPMSM Drives for EVs With a Binary Search Algorithm-Based Phase-Locked Loop', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 4968-4978.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. This article presents a new method to extract accurate rotor position for the speed sensorless control of surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs), based on the back electromotive force (EMF) information. The concept of finite control set-model predictive control is employed, and its cost function is related to the back EMF. An optimal voltage vector is selected from several given voltage vectors by comparing their fitness values. Moreover, the position space is divided into four sectors, and the fitness of each sector boundary is calculated and compared. The rotor position is first located in the sector surrounded by two boundaries that minimize the cost function. Then the selected sector is split into two parts, and the binary search algorithm is applied to reduce the sector area to improve the accuracy of position estimation. To overcome the drawback of the back EMF-based sensorless scheme, an I-f startup method is employed to accelerate the motor to the desired speed. An experiment has been carried out to compare the performance of the proposed method and the conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) in terms of steady-state and transient conditions.

Sun, X, Shi, Z, Cai, Y, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Driving-Cycle-Oriented Design Optimization of a Permanent Magnet Hub Motor Drive System for a Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle', IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1115-1125.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2015 IEEE. The electrical drive system is crucial to the drive performance and safety of electric vehicles (EVs). In contrast to the traditional two-wheel-driven EVs, the hub motor four-wheel-drive system can steer the vehicle by controlling the torque and speed of each wheel independently, yielding a very simple distributed drivetrain with high efficiency and reliability. This article presents a system-level design optimization method for a permanent magnet hub motor drive system for a campus patrol EV based on a practical driving cycle. An outer rotor permanent-magnet synchronous hub motor (PMSHM) and an improved model predicate current control are proposed for the drive system. Due to the lack of reducers, the direct-drive PMSHM needs to face more complex working conditions and design constraints. In the implementation, the motor design requirements are obtained through the collection of practical EV driving cycles on the campus. Based on these requirements, two models are proposed as the preliminary designs for the PMSHM. To improve their performance, an efficient multiobjective optimization method is employed to the motor considering different operational conditions. The finite-element model and thermal network model are employed to verify the performance of the optimized PMSHM. An optimal design scheme is selected by comparing the comprehensive performance of the two optimized motors. In addition, a duty-cycle model predictive current control is adopted to drive the motor. Finally, a prototype is developed and tested, and the experimental results are presented.

Sun, X, Wu, M, Yang, Z, Lei, G & Guo, Y 2020, 'High‐performance control for a permanent‐magnet linear synchronous generator using state feedback control scheme plus grey wolf optimisation', IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 771-780.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Suraweera, N, Li, S, Johnson, M, Collings, IB, Hanly, SV, Ni, W & Hedley, M 2020, 'Environment-Assisted Passive WiFi Tracking With Self-Localizing Asynchronous Sniffers', IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 4798-4809.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sutton, GJ, Liu, RP & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Coexistence Performance and Limits of Frame-Based Listen-Before-Talk', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1084-1095.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Taghizadeh, S, Hossain, MJ, Poursafar, N, Lu, J & Konstantinou, G 2020, 'A Multifunctional Single-Phase EV On-Board Charger With a New V2V Charging Assistance Capability', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 116812-116823.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. This paper presents the design and implementation of a single-phase multifunctional electric-vehicle (EV) on-board charger with an advanced vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) functionality for emergency roadside charging assistance situations. Using this function, an EV is able to charge from another EV in case of an emergency when the battery is flat and there is no access to a charging station. The designed EV charger can support the proposed V2V function with rated power and without the need for an additional portable charger. It can also provide conventional functions of vehicle-to-grid (V2G), grid-to-vehicle (G2V), the static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) and active power filter (APF) (i.e. reactive power support, and harmonics reduction). All the functions are addressed in the control part through the sharing of existing converters in an all-in-one system. The proposed EV charger is designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and a laboratory prototype is also implemented to validate its key functions.

Takalkar, MA, Xu, M & Chaczko, Z 2020, 'Manifold feature integration for micro-expression recognition', Multimedia Systems, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 535-551.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Takashima, H, Maruya, H, Ishihara, K, Tashima, T, Shimazaki, K, Schell, AW, Tran, TT, Aharonovich, I & Takeuchi, S 2020, 'Determination of the Dipole Orientation of Single Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', ACS Photonics, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 2056-2063.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 American Chemical Society. Dipole orientation in solid-state single photon emitters plays an important role in applications such as quantum information devices integrated with nanophotonic components. In various single photon emitters, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with point defects is one of the most promising candidates as a single photon emitter for high photostability, ultrahigh brightness, nonlinearity, and narrow emission line width. In applying hBN with a single point defect to those applications, three-dimensional determination of its dipole orientation is critically important. In this paper, we three-dimensionally determine the dipole orientation of single defects in hBN nanoflakes. By measuring the second-order correlation function and emission spectra, hBN nanoflakes with single defects were found from hBN nanoflakes placed on microscope coverslips. High-resolution emission intensity patterns were measured by exciting the defects in the hBNs with a focused radially polarized beam and azimuthally polarized beam. By comparing these patterns with theoretical calculations, we determined the polar angle and azimuthal angle of the dipole moment and found that they were oriented near the plane of the layers of the hBN nanoflakes on the microscope coverslip on which they were placed. This information is important to realize highly efficient quantum information devices in which the dipole orientation has to be precisely controlled.

Tang, J, Liu, H & Yang, Y 2020, 'Compact Wide-Stopband Dual-Band Balanced Filter Using an Electromagnetically Coupled SIR Pair With Controllable Transmission Zeros and Bandwidths', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 2357-2361.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2004-2012 IEEE. This brief presents a dual-band balanced filter with wide stopband, controllable transmission zeros and bandwidths, and compact size based on a newly designed electromagnetically coupled stepped impedance resonator (SIR) pair. The proposed SIR contains three different impedance lines, which can lead to more degrees of design freedom for resonant frequency control. Two electrical length ratios of the SIR can be individually tuned to obtain two desired differential-mode (DM) resonant frequencies for dual-band design, while keeping the first spurious frequency far away for wide-stopband design. Moreover, an inherent common-mode (CM) suppression can also be obtained without adding extra structures due to the discriminating CM resonant frequencies. The mechanism of transmission zeros (TZs) generation is also investigated by means of phases and admittance analysis. It reveals that four TZs around the two operating bands can be flexibly controlled via adjusting the ratio of magnetic and electric coupling coefficients of the SIR pair as well as the coupling space of the feeding lines, which have greatly enhanced the passband selectivities and the band-to-band isolation. Subsequently, the graphs of coupling coefficients and external quality factors for the filter design are extracted, showing sufficient degrees of design freedom for bandwidth control. The proposed dual-band balanced filter is finally fabricated and measured at 1.75 GHz and 3.64 GHz, respectively. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Compared with the state-of-the-art works, the proposed circuit performs a deeper and wider stopband of 4.5{f}{1}{d} with 40dB attenuation (where {f}{1}{d} is the fundamental frequency), and more than 50-/45-dB in-band CM suppressions with compact size ( 0.14\lambda {g} \times 0.27{\lambda }{g} , where {\lambda }{g} is the guided wavelength of the fundamental frequency).

Tang, Q, Yang, J, Jia, W, He, X, Zhang, Q & Liu, H 2020, 'A GMS-Guided Approach for 2D Feature Correspondence Selection', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 36919-36929.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. Feature correspondence selection, which aims to seek as many true matches (i.e., inliers) as possible from a given putative set while minimizing false matches (i.e., outliers), is crucial to many feature-matching based tasks in computer vision. It remains a challenging problem how to deal with putative sets with low inlier ratios. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel correspondence selection strategy, which is guided by Grid-based Motion Statistics (GMS). We first adopt the GMS to generate a small correspondence set with a high inlier ratio. Then, an accurate geometric model is built using the above correspondence set. Finally, the built geometric model is used to filter the given putative correspondence set to obtain true correspondences. The experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for putative sets with various inlier ratios, especially for cases with low inlier ratios.

Tofigh, F, Amiri, M, Shariati, N, Lipman, J & Abolhasan, M 2020, 'Crowd Estimation Using Electromagnetic Wave Power-Level Measurements: A Proof of Concept', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 784-792.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. Current crowd density estimation technologies that leverage IR depth perception, video and image processing or WiFi/BLE-based sniffing and probing have privacy and deployment issues. This paper presents a novel method for non-intrusive crowd density estimation that monitors variation in EM radiation within an environment. The human body's electrical and magnetic characteristics can be correlated with variations in available EM energy. This allows for the determination of the number of people within a room. Simulations conducted using Comsol to analyse and measure electromagnetic energy levels inside a room containing human bodies. Experimental analysis provides validation of the simulation results by showing $\text{0.8}\;\text{dBm}$ drop on the average level of EM energy per person.

Tofigh, F, Amiri, M, Shariati, N, Lipman, J & Abolhasan, M 2020, 'Polarization-Insensitive Metamaterial Absorber for Crowd Estimation Based on Electromagnetic Energy Measurements', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 1458-1467.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Noninvasive crowd estimation has remained a challenging issue among researchers. Methods such as image analysis and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth probing can always be used to identify and track people. Lately, authors have introduced a noninvasive method for crowd estimation based on ambient RF energy measurements. In this article, a polarization-insensitive multilayer metamaterial absorber is introduced to measure the variation in the available RF energy levels for crowd estimation purposes. The proposed dual-band absorber is designed to absorb and transfer the maximum of the available Wi-Fi energy to a lumped element to enable proper and accurate measurements. To evaluate the design, the proposed structure is fabricated as an array, and its performance is tested, proving perfect absorption at the desired frequencies, 2.4 and 5 GHz.

Tran, AT, Ha, QP & Hunjet, R 2020, 'Reliability enhancement with dependable model predictive control', ISA Transactions, vol. 106, pp. 152-170.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 ISA Operational Technology (OT) systems are merging towards a conjoint architecture with the advances in communication networks and emerging standards such as IEC/IEEE 60802 for industrial automation, automotive, power and energy and other areas. In this paper, we present a Dependable Control System (DepCS) with Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm that works in such architectures using multiple MPC controllers (of a feedback control loop) to enhance the operational reliability. We termed this as Dependable Model Predictive Control (DepMPC) system. The reliability enhancement of a DepMPC system is achievable thanks to the fault-tolerance of multiple MPC controllers and the tractable information flows with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). Here, our discussion was focused only on the logical connectivity and not the hardware architecture. The numerical simulations are studied with three multi-variable plants that have control constraints. In this study, we introduced a Replacement Controller (RC) to improve the control performance of the DepMPC system. The combination of both the Replacement Controller and Dependable Model Predictive Control (RC-DepMPC) system proves a promising solution for actual implementations.

Tran, X-T, Nguyen, N-S, Bui, D-H, Pham, M-T, Nguyen, H & Pham, C-K 2020, 'Reducing Bitrate and Increasing the Quality of Inter Frame by Avoiding Quantization Errors in Stationary Blocks', EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems, vol. 7, no. 22, pp. 162795-162795.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Tran, Y, Craig, A, Craig, R, Chai, R & Nguyen, H 2020, 'The influence of mental fatigue on brain activity: Evidence from a systematic review with meta‐analyses', Psychophysiology, vol. 57, no. 5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractThe occurrence of mental fatigue during tasks like driving a vehicle increases risk of injury or death. Changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity associated with mental fatigue has been frequently studied and considered a promising biomarker of mental fatigue. This is despite differences in methodologies and outcomes in prior research. A systematic review with meta‐analyses was conducted to establish the influence of mental fatigue on EEG activity spectral bands, and to determine in which regions fatigue‐related EEG spectral changes are likely to occur. A high‐yield search strategy identified 21 studies meeting inclusion criteria for investigating the change in EEG spectral activity in non‐diseased adults engaged in mentally fatiguing tasks. A medium effect size (using Cohen's g) of 0.68 (95%CI: 0.24–1.13) was found for increase in overall EEG activity following mental fatigue. Further examination of individual EEG spectral bands and regions using network meta‐analyses indicated large increases in theta (g = 1.03; 95%CI: 0.79–1.60) and alpha bands (g = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.47–1.43), with small to moderate changes found in delta and beta bands. Central regions of the scalp showed largest change (g = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.46–1.21). Sub‐group analyses indicated large increases in theta activity in frontal, central and posterior sites (all g > 1), with moderate changes in alpha activity in central and posterior sites. Findings have implications for fatigue monitoring and countermeasures with support for change in theta activity in frontal, central and posterior sites as a robust biomarker of mental fatigue and change in alpha wave activity considered a second line biomarker to account for individual variability.

Usman, M, Jan, MA, He, X & Nanda, P 2020, 'QASEC: A secured data communication scheme for mobile Ad-hoc networks', Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 109, pp. 604-610.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Mobile Adhoc NETworks (MANETs) are valuable for various applications due to an efficient, flexible, low-cost and dynamic infrastructure. In these networks, proper utilization of network resources is desirable to maintain Quality of Service (QoS). In multi-hop end-to-end communication, intermediate nodes may eavesdrop on data in transit. As a result, a secured and reliable data delivery from source to destination is required. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme, known as QASEC, to achieve better throughput by securing end-to-end communication in MANETs. The QoS is maintained through an optimal link selection from a queue of available transmission links. The end-to-end communication is secured by authentication. A simple secret-key based symmetric encryption is deployed for interacting nodes. Our proposed QASEC scheme prevents the malicious nodes from data exchange with legitimate intermediate nodes on any established path between the source and the destination. Experimental results show that QASEC performs better in terms of packet-loss rate, jitter and end-to-end delay. Furthermore, QASEC is efficient against various attacks and has a much better performance in terms of associated costs, such as key generation, encryption, and storage and communication.

Usman, M, Jan, MA, Jolfaei, A, Xu, M, He, X & Chen, J 2020, 'A Distributed and Anonymous Data Collection Framework Based on Multilevel Edge Computing Architecture', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 6114-6123.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Van Huynh, N, Nguyen, DN, Thai Hoang, D, Dutkiewicz, E & Mueck, M 2020, 'Ambient Backscatter: A Novel Method to Defend Jamming Attacks for Wireless Networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 175-178.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2012 IEEE. This letter introduces a novel idea to defend jamming attacks for wireless communications. In particular, when the jammer attacks the channel, the transmitter can leverage the jamming signals to transmit data by using ambient backscatter technique or harvest energy from the jamming signals to support its operation. To deal with the uncertainty of the jammer, we propose a reinforcement learning-based algorithm that allows the transmitter to obtain the optimal operation policy through real-time interaction processes with the attacker. The simulation results show the effectiveness of ambient backscatter in combating jammers, i.e., it enables the transmitter to transmit data even under the jamming attacks. We observe that the more power the jammer uses to attack the channel, the better performance the network can achieve.

Vazquez, S, Acuna, P, Aguilera, RP, Pou, J, Leon, JI & Franquelo, LG 2020, 'DC-Link Voltage-Balancing Strategy Based on Optimal Switching Sequence Model Predictive Control for Single-Phase H-NPC Converters', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 7410-7420.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this article, a model predictive control (MPC) strategy based on the optimal switching sequence (OSS) concept for a single-phase grid-connected H-bridge neutral-point-clamped (H-NPC) power converter is presented. The proposed OSS-MPC algorithm considers both the grid current tracking error and the dc-link capacitor voltage balance. Special emphasis is placed on the power converter control region in order to design suitable switching sequence candidates for this multiobjective control problem. Additionally, based on an analysis of the weighting factor effect over closed-loop performance, it is possible to demonstrate that this controller parameter is relatively easy to adjust. In fact, the weighting factor only affects the peak current during transients, with no effect over the steady-state performance. As a result, the proposed OSS-MPC provides a fast closed-loop dynamic to the H-NPC converter, which operates with a fixed switching frequency at all times. This predictive control strategy is experimentally validated in a 3.5-kVA laboratory setup.

Vu, HNK, Ha, QP, Nguyen, DH, Nguyen, TTT, Nguyen, TT, Nguyen, TTH, Tran, ND & Ho, BQ 2020, 'Poor Air Quality and Its Association with Mortality in Ho Chi Minh City: Case Study', Atmosphere, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 750-750.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Along with its rapid urban development, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in recent years has suffered a high concentration of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matters or PM2.5. A comprehensive study is required to evaluate the air quality conditions and their health impact in this city. Given the lack of adequate air quality monitoring data over a large area of the size of HCMC, an air quality modeling methodology is adopted to address the requirement. Here, by utilizing a corresponding emission inventory in combination with The Air Pollution Model-Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM), the predicted concentration of air pollutants is first obtained for PM2.5, NOx, and SO2. Then by associating the pollutants exposed with the mortality rate from three causes, namely Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer, the impact of air pollution on human health is obtained for this purpose. Spatial distribution has shown a high amount of pollutants concentrated in the central city with a high density of combustion vehicles (motorcycles and automobiles). In addition, a significant amount of emissions can be observed from stevedoring and harbor activities, including ferries and cargo handling equipment located along the river. Other sources such as household activities also contribute to an even distribution of emission across the city. The results of air quality modeling showed that the annual average concentrations of NO2 were higher than the standard of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05: 2013 40 µg/m3) and World Health Organization (WHO) (40 µg/m3). The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were 23 µg/m3 and were also much higher than the WHO (10 µg/m3) standard by about 2.3 times. In terms of public health impacts, PM2.5 was found to be responsible for about 1136 deaths, while the number of mortalities from exposure to NO2 and SO2 was 172 and 89 deaths, respectively. These figures demand some stri...

Vu, L, Nguyen, QU, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT & Dutkiewicz, E 2020, 'Deep Transfer Learning for IoT Attack Detection', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 107335-107344.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The digital revolution has substantially changed our lives in which Internet-of-Things (IoT) plays a prominent role. The rapid development of IoT to most corners of life, however, leads to various emerging cybersecurity threats. Therefore, detecting and preventing potential attacks in IoT networks have recently attracted paramount interest from both academia and industry. Among various attack detection approaches, machine learning-based methods, especially deep learning, have demonstrated great potential thanks to their early detecting capability. However, these machine learning techniques only work well when a huge volume of data from IoT devices with label information can be collected. Nevertheless, the labeling process is usually time consuming and expensive, thus, it may not be able to adapt with quick evolving IoT attacks in reality. In this paper, we propose a novel deep transfer learning (DTL) method that allows to learn from data collected from multiple IoT devices in which not all of them are labeled. Specifically, we develop a DTL model based on two AutoEncoders (AEs). The first AE (AE 1 ) is trained on the source datasets (source domains) in the supervised mode using the label information and the second AE (AE 2 ) is trained on the target datasets (target domains) in an unsupervised manner without label information. The transfer learning process attempts to force the latent representation (the bottleneck layer) of AE 2 similarly to the latent representation of AE 1 . After that, the latent representation of AE 2 is used to detect attacks in the incoming samples in the target domain. We carry out intensive experiments on nine recent IoT datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DTL model significantly improves the accuracy in detecting IoT attacks compared to the baseline deep learning technique and two recent DTL approaches.

Wang, L, Yang, Y, Deng, L, Hong, W, Zhang, C & Li, S 2020, 'Terahertz Angle‐Multiplexed Metasurface for Multi‐Dimensional Multiplexing of Spatial and Frequency Domains', Advanced Theory and Simulations, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 2000115-2000115.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractIncreasing information capacity is crucial for high‐capacity and high‐speed communication, especially for sub‐terahertz communication. Over the last decade, spatial multiplexing based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) by adopting a multi‐mode OAM metasurface has attracted a lot of attention. However, current metasurface‐based OAM multiplexing methods suffer from complex and limited multiplexing channels. In this paper, a novel method to realize multi‐dimensional multiplexing combining OAM and frequency based on an angle‐multiplexed metasurface over a broadband terahertz region is proposed and investigated. A frequency‐independent phase profile formula of the angle‐multiplexed metasurface is derived. A reflective metasurface operating from 0.25 to 0.35 terahertz (THz) is designed based on this formula. For proof of concept, nine‐channel multiplexing is illustrated based on this novel method. The simulation results verify that nine‐channel off‐axis left‐hand circularly polarized beams are converted to nine orthogonal coaxial beams. Besides, according to the conventional method for OAM multiplexing, an angle‐multiplexed reflective metasurface working at 0.3 THz is designed for comparison. The simulation results show that only three‐channel multiplexing can be obtained by this model with nine‐channel incident waves. The proposed method has a great potential to enhance the transmission capacity of the communication system.

Wang, L, Yang, Y, Li, S, Deng, L, Hong, W, Zhang, C, Zhu, J & McGloin, D 2020, 'Terahertz Reconfigurable Metasurface for Dynamic Non-Diffractive Orbital Angular Momentum Beams using Vanadium Dioxide', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1-12.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2009-2012 IEEE. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation based on metasurfaces has attracted tremendous interest due to its potential in capacity enhancement of high-speed wireless communication systems. Reconfigurability is one of the key desired characteristics for the design of future metasurfaces. In this paper, a metasurface taking advantage of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is proposed. The proposed design can generate a non-diffractive OAM beam and achieve the multiple reconfigurability of the topological charge, beam radius, beam deflection angle. The operation frequency can be adjusted by controlling the state of VO2 at terahertz (THz) region. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed metasurface can generate a non-diffractive OAM beam with tunable topological charge and beam radius, propagating along ±x or ±y directions with the controllable deflection angle between 6.74° and 44.77°, ranging from 0.69 THz to 0.79 THz.

Wang, M, Xu, W, Yang, C, Qiu, H & Zhu, J 2020, 'Analytical Calculation of No-Load Magnetic Field in Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors Based on an Accurate Subdomain Model', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 942-953.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Accurate calculation of the magnetic field distribution in permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is required to obtain the parameters and performance, and the establishment of an accurate mathematical model is the key to solving the magnetic field problem. To avoid the limitations of the traditional analytical theory of PMLSM in solving the slot effect on air gap magnetic field, an accurate subdomain model of PMLSM is proposed to obtain the accurate magnetic field distribution. By taking into account the relative magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet (PM), slot depth and mutual influence of all slots on the magnetic field distribution, the Laplace equation of permanent magnet subdomain, airgap subdomain and slot subdomain are established in the scalar magnetic potential. According to the boundary conditions of each subdomain interface, all boundary condition equations are set up based on the Fourier series method, and the equivalent model of end area is established. The scalar magnetic potential and no-load flux density distribution of each subdomain are then solved. The slot and end effects on the spatial distribution of air gap magnetic field are discussed. The accuracy of analytical model is validated by the finite element method (FEM) results.

Wang, N, Ma, Z, Ding, C, Jia, H, Sui, G & Gao, X 2020, 'Characteristics of Dual‐Gate Graphene Thermoelectric Devices Based on Voltage Regulation', Energy Technology, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1901466-1901466.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The bandgap, the carrier concentration, and the polarity in graphene can all be controlled by gate voltage, which provides a new opportunity for the study of the regulation of thermoelectric devices. Herein, a dual‐gate thermoelectric device model for graphene with top‐gate and back‐gate structures is proposed. Based on the influence of gate voltage on carrier concentration and the Fermi level, the relationship between the gate voltage and the channel resistance, the Seebeck coefficient, and the conductivity of dual‐gate graphene, thermoelectric devices are established according to the mechanism of carrier transport. The results demonstrate that the optimal voltage window of the Seebeck coefficient, conductivity, and power factor is obtained independently. Compared with the conventional graphene thermoelectric device without the top‐gate structure, the Seebeck coefficient and the power factor for the proposed dual‐gate structure are increased twofold and tenfold, respectively. Herein, a new approach is provided for high‐performance thermoelectric device designs with accurate regulation.

Wang, Q, Huang, Y, Jia, W, He, X, Blumenstein, M, Lyu, S & Lu, Y 2020, 'FACLSTM: ConvLSTM with focused attention for scene text recognition', Science China Information Sciences, vol. 63, no. 2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Scene text recognition has recently been widely treated as a sequence-to-sequence prediction problem, where traditional fully-connected-LSTM (FC-LSTM) has played a critical role. Owing to the limitation of FC-LSTM, existing methods have to convert 2-D feature maps into 1-D sequential feature vectors, resulting in severe damages of the valuable spatial and structural information of text images. In this paper, we argue that scene text recognition is essentially a spatiotemporal prediction problem for its 2-D image inputs, and propose a convolution LSTM (ConvLSTM)-based scene text recognizer, namely, FACLSTM, i.e., focused attention ConvLSTM, where the spatial correlation of pixels is fully leveraged when performing sequential prediction with LSTM. Particularly, the attention mechanism is properly incorporated into an efficient ConvLSTM structure via the convolutional operations and additional character center masks are generated to help focus attention on right feature areas. The experimental results on benchmark datasets IIIT5K, SVT and CUTE demonstrate that our proposed FACLSTM performs competitively on the regular, low-resolution and noisy text images, and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on the curved text images with large margins.

Wang, S, Liu, C, Wang, Y, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Electromagnetic performance analysis of flux-switching permanent magnet tubular machine with hybrid cores', CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 43-52.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Wang, S, Ma, J, Liu, C, Wang, Y, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2020, 'Design and performance analysis of a novel synchronous reluctance machine', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 249-265.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. To improve output torque ability and reduce torque ripple in traditional synchronous reluctance motor (TSynRM), a new synchronous reluctance motor (NSynRM) is proposed in this paper. The rotor of NSynRM is composed of both grain-oriented silicon steel and non-oriented silicon steel. With the reasonable design of rotor structure, the torque of NSynRM has been improved and its torque ripple has been reduced greatly. Firstly, TSynRM and NSynRM are qualitatively compared by using the magnetic network method. Secondly, the main parameters of these two machines are optimized by using finite element method (FEM). Then the performance comparison between two optimized machines are carried out. Finally, the equivalent stress of these two machines at the maximum speed are analyzed. It can be seen that NSynRM can have 6.8% higher torque under rated load, 8% higher torque under maximum load, 17.5% wider constant torque operation region, and lower torque ripple compared with the TSynRM.

Wang, S, Wang, Y, Liu, C, Lei, G, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2020, 'Detent Force Minimization of a Tubular Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Motor Using Un-Equal Width Stator Slots Based on Taguchi Method', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1-5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Wang, S, Zhong, J, Qiu, X & Burnett, I 2020, 'A note on using panel diffusers to improve sound field diffusivity in reverberation rooms below 100 Hz', Applied Acoustics, vol. 169, pp. 107471-107471.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd In many standard acoustic tests, the sound field in a reverberation room is required to be sufficiently diffuse. The standard deviation of sound pressure levels is commonly used to evaluate the spatial uniformity of a sound field; however, this paper shows that the standard deviation of squared sound pressures is a better indicator of sound field diffusivity at frequencies below 100 Hz where the sound field is very uneven. Fixed diffusers are recommended in ISO 354 to improve sound field diffusivity in reverberation rooms, and performing sound absorption measurements with an increasing number of diffusers is employed as a check on the diffusivity of the sound field above 500 Hz. This paper demonstrates that typical panel diffusers (as suggested in ISO 354) cannot increase the sound field diffusivity at low frequencies. While low frequency diffusivity can be improved with large panels at some frequencies, the diffusivity at other frequencies generally deteriorates. Experimental results in a reverberation room are presented to support the numerical simulation results and analyses.

Wilson, KJ, Alabd, R, Abolhasan, M, Safavi-Naeini, M & Franklin, DR 2020, 'Optimisation of monolithic nanocomposite and transparent ceramic scintillation detectors for positron emission tomography', Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractHigh-resolution arrays of discrete monocrystalline scintillators used for gamma photon coincidence detection in PET are costly and complex to fabricate, and exhibit intrinsically non-uniform sensitivity with respect to emission angle. Nanocomposites and transparent ceramics are two alternative classes of scintillator materials which can be formed into large monolithic structures, and which, when coupled to optical photodetector arrays, may offer a pathway to low cost, high-sensitivity, high-resolution PET. However, due to their high optical attenuation and scattering relative to monocrystalline scintillators, these materials exhibit an inherent trade-off between detection sensitivity and the number of scintillation photons which reach the optical photodetectors. In this work, a method for optimising scintillator thickness to maximise the probability of locating the point of interaction of 511 keV photons in a monolithic scintillator within a specified error bound is proposed and evaluated for five nanocomposite materials (LaBr3:Ce-polystyrene, Gd2O3-polyvinyl toluene, LaF3:Ce-polystyrene, LaF3:Ce-oleic acid and YAG:Ce-polystyrene) and four ceramics (GAGG:Ce, GLuGAG:Ce, GYGAG:Ce and LuAG:Pr). LaF3:Ce-polystyrene and GLuGAG:Ce were the best-performing nanocomposite and ceramic materials, respectively, with maximum sensitivities of 48.8% and 67.8% for 5 mm localisation accuracy with scintillator thicknesses of 42.6 mm and 27.5 mm, respectively.

Wong, S-W, Lin, J-Y, YangYang, Zhu, H, Chen, R-S, Zhu, L & He, Y 2020, 'Cavity Balanced and Unbalanced Diplexer Based on Triple-Mode Resonator', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 4969-4979.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1982-2012 IEEE. In this paper, a series of designs for cavity balanced and unbalanced diplexer are proposed. The balanced and unbalanced designs can be categorized into four groups - unbalanced-to-unbalanced, unbalanced-to-balanced, balanced-to-unbalanced (B2U), and balanced-to-balanced. First, two approaches to achieve out-of-phase characteristics of three fundamental modes, namely TE011, TE101, and TM110 in a single triple-mode resonator, are proposed for balun filter designs. Second, four types of unbalanced and balanced diplexers are presented by adopting these three fundamental modes, of which the Butterworth response applies with specific external quality and coupling coefficient. To the authors' best knowledge, full-metal cavity balun diplexer and balanced diplexer are not reported in the open literature. For proof of concept, the design of a B2U diplexer is fabricated and measured. Good matching between simulated and measured results shows the accuracy of the proposed design and methodology, which would be attractive in the high-power radio frequency (RF) front-end systems.

Wu, K, Ni, W, Andrew Zhang, J, Liu, RP & Jay Guo, Y 2020, 'Refinement of Optimal Interpolation Factor for DFT Interpolated Frequency Estimator', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 782-786.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1997-2012 IEEE. Frequency estimation is a fundamental problem in many areas. The previously proposed q-shift estimator (QSE), which interpolates the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients by a factor of q, enables the estimation accuracy to approach the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). However, it becomes less effective when the number of samples is small. In this letter, we provide an in-depth analysis to unveil the impact of q on the convergence of QSE, and derive the bounds of a refined region of q that ensures the convergence of QSE to the CRLB even with a small number of samples. Simulations validate our analysis, showing that the refined interpolation factor is able to reduce the estimation mean squared error of QSE by up to 13.14 dB when the sample number is as small as 8.

Wu, K, Ni, W, Zhang, JA, Liu, RP & Guo, J 2020, 'Secrecy Rate Analysis for Millimeter-Wave Lens Antenna Array Transmission', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 272-276.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1997-2012 IEEE. Physical layer security is vital to millimeter-wave communications enabled by large-scale arrays, particularly the energy-efficient lens antenna arrays (LAAs). However, the broad application of LAAs can be hindered by the lack of a proper understanding of the secrecy performance. This letter derives an asymptotic closed-form expression for the secrecy rate of LAA, despite the critical challenges including the coupling of unknown lens beam responses. With the new secrecy rate analysis, the optimal power assignment for the legitimate transmission is achieved, leading to the maximization of LAA secrecy. This power assignment is unprecedentedly studied in LAA due to the previous absence of an analytical secrecy rate. Simulations validate the accuracy of the analysis over wide ranges of system parameters.

Wu, K, Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Jr, RWH 2020, 'Waveform Design and Accurate Channel Estimation for Frequency-Hopping MIMO Radar-Based Communications', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Frequency-hopping (FH) MIMO radar-based dual-function radar communication(FH-MIMO DFRC) enables communication symbol rate to exceed radar pulserepetition frequency, which requires accurate estimations of timing offset andchannel parameters. The estimations, however, are challenging due to unknown,fast-changing hopping frequencies and the multiplicative coupling betweentiming offset and channel parameters. In this paper, we develop accuratemethods for a single-antenna communication receiver to estimate timing offsetand channel for FH-MIMO DFRC. First, we design a novel FH-MIMO radar waveform,which enables a communication receiver to estimate the hopping frequencysequence (HFS) used by radar, instead of acquiring it from radar. Importantly,the novel waveform incurs no degradation to radar ranging performance. Then,via capturing distinct HFS features, we develop two estimators for timingoffset and derive mean squared error lower bound of each estimator. Using thebounds, we design an HFS that renders both estimators applicable. Furthermore,we develop an accurate channel estimation method, reusing the single hop fortiming offset estimation. Validated by simulations, the accurate channelestimates attained by the proposed methods enable the communication performanceof DFRC to approach that achieved based on perfect timing and ideal knowledgeof channel.

Wu, L, Xu, M, Qian, S & Cui, J 2020, 'Image to Modern Chinese Poetry Creation via a Constrained Topic-aware Model', ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 1-21.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Artificial creativity has attracted increasing research attention in the field of multimedia and artificial intelligence. Despite the promising work on poetry/painting/music generation, creating modern Chinese poetry from images, which can significantly enrich the functionality of photo-sharing platforms, has rarely been explored. Moreover, existing generation models cannot tackle three challenges in this task: (1) Maintaining semantic consistency between images and poems; (2) preventing topic drift in the generation; (3) avoidance of certain words appearing frequently. These three points are even common challenges in other sequence generation tasks. In this article, we propose a Constrained Topic-aware Model (CTAM) to create modern Chinese poetries from images regarding the challenges above. Without image-poetry paired dataset, we construct a visual semantic vector to embed visual contents via image captions. For the topic-drift problem, we propose a topic-aware poetry generation model. Additionally, we design an Anti-frequency Decoding (AFD) scheme to constrain high-frequency characters in the generation. Experimental results show that our model achieves promising performance and is effective in poetry’s readability and semantic consistency.

Wu, L, Xu, M, Wang, J & Perry, S 2020, 'Recall What You See Continually Using GridLSTM in Image Captioning', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 808-818.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The goal of image captioning is to automatically describe an image with a sentence, and the task has attracted research attention from both the computer vision and natural-language processing research communities. The existing encoder–decoder model and its variants, which are the most popular models for image captioning, use the image features in three ways: first, they inject the encoded image features into the decoder only once at the initial step, which does not enable the rich image content to be explored sufficiently while gradually generating a text caption; second, they concatenate the encoded image features with text as extra inputs at every step, which introduces unnecessary noise; and, third, they using an attention mechanism, which increases the computational complexity due to the introduction of extra neural nets to identify the attention regions. Different from the existing methods, in this paper, we propose a novel network, Recall Network, for generating captions that are consistent with the images. The recall network selectively involves the visual features by using a GridLSTM and, thus, is able to recall image contents while generating each word. By importing the visual information as the latent memory along the depth dimension LSTM, the decoder is able to admit the visual features dynamically through the inherent LSTM structure without adding any extra neural nets or parameters. The Recall Network efficiently prevents the decoder from deviating from the original image content. To verify the efficiency of our model, we conducted exhaustive experiments on full and dense image captioning. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that our recall network outperforms the conventional encoder–decoder model by a large margin and that it performs comparably to the state-of-the-art methods.

Wu, T, Feng, Z, Wu, C, Lei, G, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Wang, X 2020, 'Multiobjective Optimization of a Tubular Coreless LPMSM Based on Adaptive Multiobjective Black Hole Algorithm', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 3901-3910.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1982-2012 IEEE. In most multiobjective optimization problems of electrical machines, the weighted function method is used to convert them into single-objective optimization problems. This paper applies a kind of new multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), called adaptive multiobjective black hole (AMOBH) algorithms, to achieve effective multiobjective optimization of a tubular coreless linear permanent magnet synchronous motor (LPMSM). To reduce the computation cost of the MOEAs, a one-layer analytical model (AM) is presented for the tubular coreless LPMSM in this paper. The accuracy of the simplified one-layer AM is verified by comparisons with multilayer AM and finite element analysis (FEA) under different structure parameters. It is found that the simplified AM has good accuracy and can decrease the computation cost significantly. AMOBH algorithm is subsequently introduced. The optimal Pareto front with regard to thrust, copper loss, and permanent magnet volume are analyzed, and more diversified optimization results are provided. The final Pareto solution can be selected directly by practical physical values according to the application requirements. Finally, a prototype is fabricated for the selected design; its experimental results are provided and compared with those of the FEA results.

Wu, W, Xu, M, Liang, Q, Mei, L & Peng, Y 2020, 'Multi‐camera 3D ball tracking framework for sports video', IET Image Processing, vol. 14, no. 15, pp. 3751-3761.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Wu, Z, Zhang, C, Alkahtani, M, Hu, Y & Zhang, J 2020, 'Cost Effective Offline Reconfiguration for Large-Scale Non-Uniformly Aging Photovoltaic Arrays Efficiency Enhancement', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 80572-80581.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. In the past decades, a huge number of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants have been constructed all around the world. However, the capital and operational costs can be high, which limits their widespread applications. Because the installed PV modules often operate in harsh environments (i.e. storm, high temperature, dust, hail, etc.), non-uniform aging phenomena of PV modules cannot be avoided and it impacts adversely on the performance of PV plants, especially in the middle and late periods of their service life. This paper develops an offline PV module reconfiguration strategy for the non-uniform aging PV array to mitigate this effect. In order to maximize the economic benefit, electricity price and labor cost are considered in the offline reconfiguration. The Branch-and-Bound based optimization algorithm is proposed to find the highest economic benefit. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, MATLAB software-based modelling and simulation have been performed in four case studies, in which a typical 42kW PV array with 7×20 connection is employed in a testing benchmark, and the manpower cost and electricity price in USA, UK, China and Turkey are considered in the case study. The results demonstrate that the economic benefit from a non-uniformly aged PV array is further enhanced with the proposed reconfiguration method.

Xi, Y, Zheng, J, He, X, Jia, W, Li, H, Xie, Y, Feng, M & Li, X 2020, 'Beyond context: Exploring semantic similarity for small object detection in crowded scenes', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 137, pp. 53-60.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 Small object detection in crowded scene aims to find those tiny targets with very limited resolution from crowded scenes. Due to very little information available on tiny objects, it is often not suitable to detect them merely based on the information presented inside their bounding boxes, resulting low accuracy. In this paper, we propose to exploit the semantic similarity among all predicted objects’ candidates to boost the performance of detectors when handling tiny objects. For this purpose, we construct a pairwise constraint to depict such semantic similarity and propose a new framework based on Discriminative Learning and Graph-Cut techniques. Experiments conducted on three widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate the improvement over the state-of-the-art approaches gained by applying this idea.

Xi, Y, Zheng, J, Jia, W, He, X, Li, H, Ren, Z & Lam, K-M 2020, 'See Clearly in the Distance: Representation Learning GAN for Low Resolution Object Recognition', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 53203-53214.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. Identifying tiny objects with extremely low resolution is generally considered a very challenging task even for human vision, due to limited information presented inside the object areas. There have been very limited attempts in recent years to deal with low-resolution recognition. The existing solutions rely on either generating super-resolution images or learning multi-scale features. However, their performance improvement becomes very limited, especially when the resolution becomes very low. In this paper, we propose a Representation Learning Generative Adversarial Network (RL-GAN) to generate super image representation that is optimized for recognition. Our solution deals with the classical vision task of object recognition in the distance. We evaluate our idea on the challenging task of low-resolution object recognition. Comparison of experimental results conducted on public and our newly created WIDER-SHIP datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our RL-GAN, which improves the classification results significantly, with 10-15% gain on average, compared with benchmark solutions.

Xie, H & Veitch, D 2020, 'Nested saturation control of multiple vector integrators and its application to motion control of UAVs', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 246-265.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

SummaryThis paper presents two nested input saturation control schemes for a special class of multiple vector integrators with bounded additive disturbances. The considered systems originate from the motion control of rotary‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The first scheme is based on a feedforward form, which requires state transformation and can be applied to stabilize arbitrary order vector integrator systems. The second scheme is constructed with original state variables using a new approach, applied here to double vector integrator systems. The capability of handling external disturbance using the two schemes is also analyzed. The two schemes are applied to design motion controllers for rotary‐wing UAVs and simulation results are provided to show the performances of two controllers.

Xie, J, Chang, D, Ma, Z, Zhang, G & Guo, J 2020, 'GPCA: A Probabilistic Framework for Gaussian Process Embedded Channel Attention'.
View description>>

Channel attention mechanisms have been commonly applied in many visual tasks for effective performance improvement. It is able to reinforce the informative channels as well as to suppress the useless channels. Recently, different channel attention modules have been proposed and implemented in various ways. Generally speaking, they are mainly based on convolution and pooling operations. In this paper, we propose Gaussian process embedded channel attention (GPCA) module and further interpret the channel attention schemes in a probabilistic way. The GPCA module intends to model the correlations among the channels, which are assumed to be captured by beta distributed variables. As the beta distribution cannot be integrated into the end-to-end training of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a mathematically tractable solution, we utilize an approximation of the beta distribution to solve this problem. To specify, we adapt a Sigmoid-Gaussian approximation, in which the Gaussian distributed variables are transferred into the interval [0,1]. The Gaussian process is then utilized to model the correlations among different channels. In this case, a mathematically tractable solution is derived. The GPCA module can be efficiently implemented and integrated into the end-to-end training of the CNNs. Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed GPCA module. Codes are available at https://github.com/PRIS-CV/GPCA.

Xiong, H, Wang, Y, Fu, H, Liu, J & Zhu, J 2020, 'An Energy Efficient Excitation Source for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Controllable Pulse Width', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 679-686.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In order to improve the energy saving rate of the excitation source, based on cTMS1, a novel energy efficient excitation source topology is proposed and the EEES circuit structure and switch control method are designed in this paper. Firstly, the pulse width is adjusted by controlling the on-time of the switch. Then the circuit topology is designed to realize energy recovery and reuse, which can improve the energy utilization of the system. Finally, the EEES experimental platform is built to verify the system performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the EEES can generate current pulses up to 1 058A with an adjustable pulse range of 5~160μs. Compared with the cTMS1 excitation source, the energy self-loss rate is obviously lower than cTMS1, and the energy saving rate of EEES is as high as 62.60%~93.21%. Therefore, the EEES system proposed in this paper provides an important reference for the development of TMS excitation source.

Xiong, Z, Wei, G, Yu, X, Long, X & Guo, Y 2020, 'Phase-generated-carrier-modulated laser interferometer for measurement of ground vibration on an absolute gravimeter', Applied Optics, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 285-285.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents an innovative interferometer based on the phase-generated-carrier method to meet the requirement of micro-vibration detection on an absolute gravimeter. Our results, including those of both simulation and experiments, verified the feasibility of the interferometer. Based on this interferometer, continuous micro-vibrations are obtained and synchronously compared with the results detected by a 991B seismometer. The interferometer’s accuracy reaches 10 − 8 m , and the detected vibration frequency is less than 100 Hz. These findings can help broaden the application of interferometers and provide new guidelines for vibration measurement.

Xu, J-X, Zhang, XY, Li, H-Y, Yang, Y, Dutkiewicz, E & Xue, Q 2020, 'Ultracompact Multichannel Bandpass Filter Based on Trimode Dielectric-Loaded Cavities', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 1668-1677.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. In this article, a method for designing multichannel bandpass filters (BPFs) based on trimode dielectric-loaded cavities is presented. A large number of BPFs are integrated as one multichannel BPF with multiple inputs and multiple outputs, resulting in an ultracompact size. The cubic trimode dielectric-loaded cavities are utilized with the TE101, TE011, and TM110 modes resonating at the same frequency and orthogonal to each other. Feeding probes and coupling probes are properly arranged where the three modes in one cavity can be excited for different BPF channels without interference with each other. Consequently, excellent isolation among multiple channels can be obtained. The multichannel BPF is designed based on a 3-D structure, which can be easily extended to higher filter orders with a larger number of channels to satisfy different requirements in wireless systems. For demonstration, a 12-channel BPF is fabricated and measured, which exhibits good filtering responses of each channel and high isolation among channels. Significant size reduction is achieved compared to conventional multiple single-channel filters, which is potential in high-integration base station applications.

Xu, K-D, Zhu, X, Yang, Y & Chen, Q 2020, 'A Broadband On-Chip Bandpass Filter Using Shunt Dual-Layer Meander-Line Resonators', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1617-1620.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Xu, W, Zhang, Y, Du, G, He, M, Zhu, J, Ning, L, Ye, C & Hua, W 2020, 'Design and Analysis of a Hybridly Excited Asymmetric Stator Pole Doubly Salient Machine', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 2600-2611.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Yan, J, Liu, H, Zhu, X, Men, K & Yeo, KS 2020, 'Ka-Band Marchand Balun with Edge- and Broadside-Coupled Hybrid Configuration', Electronics, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1116-1116.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This article presents a novel Ka-band Marchand balun implemented in 0.13-μm SiGe bipolar complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (BiCMOS) process. By combining both edge- and broadside-coupled structures, the new hybrid balun is able to increase the coupling and minimize the balun insertion loss. As compared with conventional edge-coupled or broadside-coupled structures, the proposed balun achieves the lowest insertion loss of 1.02 dB across a wide 1-dB bandwidth from 29.0 GHz to 46.0 GHz, with a core size of 270 μm × 280 μm.

Yang, D, Ni, W, Du, L, Liu, H & Wang, J 2020, 'Efficient Attributed Scatter Center Extraction Based on Image-Domain Sparse Representation', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 68, pp. 4368-4381.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1991-2012 IEEE. As an efficient way to interpret the measurements of high-frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR), an attributed scattering center (ASC) model provides concise and physically relevant features of complex targets. However, accurate extractions of ASCs have been heavily penalized by high memory requirements and computational complexity. We propose to convert SAR measurements to sparse representations in the image domain where the ASC model parameters can be estimated by using an orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm or its Newtonlized variation. Two important new properties of the ASC model are unveiled in the image domain, namely, 'translatability' and 'additivity.' The properties can help save the dictionary of OMP from sampling the position and length parameters. The atoms of the dictionary become localized, thereby reducing the dictionary size and accelerating ASC extractions. Extensive experiments are conducted based on open-source XPATCH Backhoe data, measured MSTAR data, and synthetic backscatter data. The results show that the proposed approach is able to outperform existing image-domain algorithms in terms of accuracy and noise resistance, and outperform existing frequency-domain algorithms in terms of memory requirement and runtime.

Yang, Y, Hou, ZJ, Zhu, X, Che, W & Xue, Q 2020, 'A Millimeter-Wave Reconfigurable On-Chip Coupler With Tunable Power-Dividing Ratios in 0.13-$\mu$ m BiCMOS Technology', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1516-1526.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) on-chip coupler with tunable power dividing ratios and constant phase response. Composed by two coupled lines, two capacitors and two series-connected varactors, the proposed tunable coupler offers broadband frequency responses for 5G applications. Theoretical analysis for wideband operation is provided. For demonstration, a millimeter-wave tunable coupler is implemented in a standard 0.13-\mu \text{m} SiGe (Bi) CMOS technology and measured through an on-wafer probing system. From 24 to 38 GHz, the proposed tunable coupler shows a power-dividing ratio ranged from 0 to 6.5 dB, while maintaining an in-band return loss of better than 10 dB and output isolation of 20 dB, simultaneously. The phase imbalance is better than ±2.5° with a measured insertion loss of 1.3 dB across the entire tuning range. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first time that an on-chip coupler with tunable power-dividing ratios is reported operating at mm-wave bands for, particularly, 5G applications.

Yao, Y, Shen, F, Xie, G, Liu, L, Zhu, F, Zhang, J & Shen, HT 2020, 'Exploiting Web Images for Multi-Output Classification: From Category to Subcategories', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1-13.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Yao, Y, Zhang, J, Shen, F, Liu, L, Zhu, F, Zhang, D & Shen, HT 2020, 'Towards Automatic Construction of Diverse, High-Quality Image Datasets', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1199-1211.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1989-2012 IEEE. The availability of labeled image datasets has been shown critical for high-level image understanding, which continuously drives the progress of feature designing and models developing. However, constructing labeled image datasets is laborious and monotonous. To eliminate manual annotation, in this work, we propose a novel image dataset construction framework by employing multiple textual queries. We aim at collecting diverse and accurate images for given queries from the Web. Specifically, we formulate noisy textual queries removing and noisy images filtering as a multi-view and multi-instance learning problem separately. Our proposed approach not only improves the accuracy but also enhances the diversity of the selected images. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we construct an image dataset with 100 categories. The experiments show significant performance gains by using the generated data of our approach on several tasks, such as image classification, cross-dataset generalization, and object detection. The proposed method also consistently outperforms existing weakly supervised and web-supervised approaches.

Yu, G, Wang, X, Yu, K, Ni, W, Zhang, JA & Liu, RP 2020, 'Survey: Sharding in Blockchains', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 14155-14181.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. The Blockchain technology, featured with its decentralized tamper-resistance based on a Peer-to-Peer network, has been widely applied in financial applications, and even further been extended to industrial applications. However, the weak scalability of traditional Blockchain technology severely affects the wide adoption due to the well-known trillema of decentralization-security-scalability in Blockchains. In regards to this issue, a number of solutions have been proposed, targeting to boost the scalability while preserving the decentralization and security. They range from modifying the on-chain data structure and consensus algorithms to adding the off-chain technologies. Therein, one of the most practical methods to achieve horizontal scalability along with the increasing network size is sharding, by partitioning network into multiple shards so that the overhead of duplicating communication, storage, and computation in each full node can be avoided. This paper presents a survey focusing on sharding in Blockchains in a systematic and comprehensive way. We provide detailed comparison and quantitative evaluation of major sharding mechanisms, along with our insights analyzing the features and restrictions of the existing solutions. We also provide theoretical upper-bound of the throughput for each considered sharding mechanism. The remaining challenges and future research directions are also reviewed.

Yu, G, Zha, X, Wang, X, Ni, W, Yu, K, Yu, P, Zhang, JA, Liu, RP & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Enabling Attribute Revocation for Fine-Grained Access Control in Blockchain-IoT Systems', IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 1213-1230.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1988-2012 IEEE. The attribute-based encryption (ABE) has drawn a lot of attention for fine-grained access control in blockchains, especially in blockchain-enabled tampering-resistant Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. However, its adoption has been severely hindered by the incompatibility between the immutability of typical blockchains and the attribute updates/revocations of ABE. In this article, we propose a new blockchain-based IoT system, which is compatible with the ABE technique, and fine-grained access control is implemented with the attribute update enabled by integrating Chameleon Hash algorithms into the blockchains. We design and implement a new verification scheme over a multilayer blockchain architecture to guarantee the tamper resistance against malicious and abusive tampering. The system can provide an update-oriented access control, where historical on-chain data can only be accessible to new members and inaccessible to the revoked members. This is distinctively different from existing solutions, which are threatened by data leakage toward the revoked members. We also provide analysis and simulations showing that our system outperforms other solutions in terms of overhead, searching complexity, security, and compatibility.

Yu, G, Zha, X, Wang, X, Ni, W, Yu, K, Zhang, JA & Liu, RP 2020, 'A Unified Analytical model for proof-of-X schemes', Computers & Security, vol. 96, pp. 101934-101934.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Nakamoto protocol, practically solving the Byzantine Generals Problem, can support a variety of proof-based consensus engines, referred to as Proof-of-X (PoX) in permissionless Blockchains. However, there has been to date in lack of a general approach for each miner to evaluate its steady-state profit against the competitors. This paper presents a Markov model which captures explicitly the weighted resource distribution of PoX schemes in large-scale networks and unifies the analysis of different PoX schemes. The new model leads to the development of three new unified metrics for the evaluation, namely, Resource Sensitivity, System Convergence, and Resource Fairness, accounting for security, stability, and fairness, respectively. The generality and applicability of our model are validated by simulation results, revealing that among typically non-Fairness-oriented PoX schemes (such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS)), the strongly restricted coinage-based PoS with a Pareto-distributed resource can offer the best performance on Resource Sensitivity, while Proof-of-Publication (PoP) with normal-distributed resource performs the best on System Convergence. Our simulations also reveal the important role of carefully designed Resource Fairness parameter in balancing Resource Sensitivity and System Convergence and improving the performance compared with other non-Fairness-oriented PoX schemes.

Yu, H, Tuan, HD, Duong, TQ, Fang, Y & Hanzo, L 2020, 'Improper Gaussian Signaling for Integrated Data and Energy Networking', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 3922-3934.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1972-2012 IEEE. The paper considers the problem of beamforming design for a multi-cell network of downlink users, who either harvest energy or decode information or do both by receiving signals from the multi-antenna base station (BS) within a time slot and over the same frequency band. Our previous contributions have showed that the time-fraction based energy and information transmission, under which first the energy is transferred within the initial fraction of time and then the information is transferred within the remaining fraction, is the most efficient design alternative both in terms of its practical implementation and network performance. However, at the time of writing, both energy and information beamforming has only been implemented for proper Gaussian signaling (PGS), which has limited the network's throughput. Although the network throughput could be improved in some specific scenarios by using non-orthogonal multi-access (NOMA), this may compromise the user secrecy. In order to circumvent the above implementations, we conceive improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) for information beamforming, which enables the network to substantially improve its throughput in any scenario without jeopardizing the user secrecy despite its low-complexity signal processing at the user end. A simpler subclass of IGS is also considered, which also outperforms NOMA PGS and works under any arbitrary scenario.

Yu, H, Tuan, HD, Nasir, AA, Duong, TQ & Hanzo, L 2020, 'Improper Gaussian Signaling for Computationally Tractable Energy and Information Beamforming', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 13990-13995.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. The transmit time-switching (transmit-TS) approach, under which the energy and information are transferred over different fractions of a time slot has proved its supremacy over the power splitting (PS) approach of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, where PS splits the power of the received signal for energy harvesting and information decoding. For integrating data and energy transfer, this paper develops new classes of beamforming that are suitable for improper Gaussian signaling which is capable of network throughput improvements while maintaining high computational efficiency in its design.

Yu, H, Tuan, HD, Nasir, AA, Duong, TQ & Poor, HV 2020, 'Joint Design of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Transmit Beamforming Under Proper and Improper Gaussian Signaling', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2589-2603.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1983-2012 IEEE. This paper considers a network consisting of a multiple antenna array access point serving multiple single antenna downlink users with the assistance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The reflecting coefficients of the RIS can be programmed to ensure that the signals reflected from the RIS elements add coherently at the users. The joint design of these programmable reflecting coefficients and transmit beamforming to maximize the users' worst rate is addressed. Under either proper Gaussian signaling (PGS) or improper Gaussian signaling (IGS), the design poses a very computationally challenging nonconvex problem. Based on their exactly penalized optimization reformulation, which incorporates the computationally intractable unit-modulus constraints on the reflecting coefficients into the optimization objectives, new iterative algorithms of low computational complexity, which converge at least to a locally optimal solution, are developed. The provided simulations show not only the benefit of using the RIS, but also the advantage of IGS over PGS in delivering higher rates to users.

Yu, H, Ye, L, Guo, Y & Su, S 2020, 'An Innovative 9-Parameter Magnetic Calibration Method Using Local Magnetic Inclination and Calibrated Acceleration Value', IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, no. 19, pp. 11275-11282.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2001-2012 IEEE. In this paper, an innovative algorithm for Tri-Axial Magnetometers calibration based on the magnetic inclination is proposed. The proposed 'Inclination based Calibration method' uses the fact that the angle between the local gravity and magnetic field is invariant hence overcoming the limitations of most existing in-field calibration methods which require nonlinear optimization. This calibration algorithm is formulated as the solution to a linear least square problem. A commonly used 9-parameter model and its associated 12-observation Icosahedron experimental scheme were developed to evaluate its applicability to calibrated Tri-Axial Magnetometers based on measured acceleration and magnetic data. The results show that the algorithm can provide effective calibration results for the magnetic field in both simulation and experiments. In addition, the influence of accelerometers data applied in this algorithm is investigated by simulation and experiment to demonstrate the importance of accelerometers data accuracy. The acceleration value after effective calibration is demonstrated to make an improvement in the estimation results.

Yu, H, Zhang, T & Jia, W 2020, 'Shared subspace least squares multi-label linear discriminant analysis', Applied Intelligence, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 939-950.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Multi-label linear discriminant analysis (MLDA) has been explored for multi-label dimension reduction. However, MLDA involves dense matrices eigen-decomposition which is known to be computationally expensive for large-scale problems. In this paper, we show that the formulation of MLDA can be equivalently casted as a least squares problem so as to significantly reduce the computation burden and scale to the data collections with higher dimension. Further, it is also found that appealing regularization techniques can be incorporated into the least-squares model to boost generalization accuracy. Experimental results on several popular multi-label benchmarks not only verify the established equivalence relationship, but also demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithms.

Yu, H, Zhang, Y, Ye, L, Alqudah, HM, Guo, K, Argha, A, Celler, BG, Song, R & Su, S 2020, 'Nonparametric Model Prediction for Intelligent Regulation of Human Cardiorespiratory System to Prescribed Exercise Medicine', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 224621-224630.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Yuan, C, Tao, X, Ni, W, Li, N, Jamalipour, A & Liu, RP 2020, 'Joint Power Allocation and Beamforming for Overlaid Secrecy Transmissions in MIMO-OFDM Channels', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 10019-10032.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Yuan, J, Mostaan, A, Yang, Y, Siwakoti, YP & Blaabjerg, F 2020, 'A Modified Y-Source DC–DC Converter With High Voltage-Gains and Low Switch Stresses', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 7716-7720.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Yuan, W, Wu, N, Zhang, A, Huang, X, Li, Y & Hanzo, L 2020, 'Iterative Receiver Design for FTN Signaling Aided Sparse Code Multiple Access', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 915-928.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2002-2012 IEEE. The sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a promising candidate for bandwidth-efficient next generation wireless communications, since it can support more users than the number of resource elements. On the same note, faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling can also be used to improve the spectral efficiency. Hence in this paper, we consider a combined uplink FTN-SCMA system in which the data symbols corresponding to a user are further packed using FTN signaling. As a result, a higher spectral efficiency is achieved at the cost of introducing intentional inter-symbol interference (ISI). To perform joint channel estimation and detection, we design a low complexity iterative receiver based on the factor graph framework. In addition, to reduce the signaling overhead and transmission latency of our SCMA system, we intrinsically amalgamate it with grant-free scheme. Consequently, the active and inactive users should be distinguished. To address this problem, we extend the aforementioned receiver and develop a new algorithm for jointly estimating the channel state information, detecting the user activity and for performs data detection. In order to further reduce the complexity, an energy minimization based approximation is employed for restricting the user state to Gaussian. Finally, a hybrid message passing algorithm is conceived. Our Simulation results show that the FTN-SCMA system relying on the proposed receiver design has a higher throughput than conventional SCMA scheme at a negligible performance loss.

Yuan, X, Feng, Z, Ni, W, Liu, RP, Zhang, JA & Xu, W 2020, 'Secrecy Performance of Terrestrial Radio Links Under Collaborative Aerial Eavesdropping', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 15, pp. 604-619.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2005-2012 IEEE. Motivated to understand the increasingly severe threat of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to the confidentiality of terrestrial radio links, this paper analyzes the ergodic and ϵ-outage secrecy capacities of the links in the presence of multiple cooperative aerial eavesdroppers flying autonomously in three-dimensional (3D) spaces and exploiting selection combining (SC) or maximal ratio combining (MRC). The 'cut-off' density of the eavesdroppers under which the secrecy capacities vanish is identified. By decoupling the analysis of the random trajectories from the random channel fading, closed-form approximations with almost sure convergence to the secrecy capacities are devised. The analysis is extended to study the impact of the oscillator phase noises and finite memories of the aerial eavesdroppers on the secrecy performance of the ground link. Validated by simulations, the cut-off density only depends on the range of the link in the case of SC eavesdropping, while it depends on the flight region of the eavesdroppers in the case of MRC eavesdropping.

Yuan, X, Feng, Z, Ni, W, Wei, Z, Liu, RP & Xu, C 2020, 'Connectivity of UAV Swarms in 3D Spherical Spaces Under (Un)Intentional Ground Interference', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 8792-8804.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. This paper analyzes the wireless connectivity of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm in the presence of (un)intentional external interference from the ground. Different from existing studies, the swarm UAVs fly independently around a given three-dimensional (3D) location and are all within a 3D spherical space. Closed-form bounds are delivered for the average outage probability of a UAV from its nearest neighbor in the swarm, and the density of the swarm, which allows the swarm to operate uninterruptedly in the presence of the interference. Our analysis involves closed-form approximations of the instantaneous outage probability of a UAV from its nearest neighbor by using the first-order Marcum Q-function and the zero-Th order modified Bessel function of the first kind. The analysis also involves applying Jensen's inequality to the instantaneous outage probability to bound the average outage probability and the density of the swarm. Corroborated by simulations, our analysis is accurate, and useful to evaluate the impact of external interference on the connectivity of UAV swarms. Interesting insights are shed on the connectivity and coverage of the UAV swarm.

Yuan, X, Feng, Z, Zhang, JA, Ni, W, Liu, RP, Wei, Z & Xu, C 2020, 'Waveform Optimization for MIMO Joint Communication and Radio Sensing Systems with Training Overhead'.
View description>>

In this paper, we study optimal waveform design to maximize mutualinformation (MI) for a joint communication and (radio) sensing (JCAS, a.k.a.,radar-communication) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) downlink system. Weconsider a typical packet-based signal structure which includes training anddata symbols. We first derive the conditional MI for both sensing andcommunication under correlated channels by considering the training overheadand channel estimation error (CEE). Then, we derive a lower bound for thechannel estimation error and optimize the power allocation between the trainingand data symbols to minimize the CEE. Based on the optimal power allocation, weprovide optimal waveform design methods for three scenarios, includingmaximizing MI for communication only and for sensing only, and maximizing aweighted sum MI for both communication and sensing. We also present extensivesimulation results that provide insights on waveform design and validate theeffectiveness of the proposed designs.

Zdańkowski, P, Trusiak, M, McGloin, D & Swedlow, JR 2020, 'Numerically Enhanced Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy with Adaptive Optics for Deep-Tissue Super-Resolved Imaging', ACS Nano, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 394-405.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. In stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy, the major origin of decreased signal-to-noise ratio within images can be attributed to sample photobleaching and strong optical aberrations. This is due to STED utilizing a high-power depletion laser (increasing the risk of photodamage), while the depletion beam is very sensitive to sample-induced aberrations. Here, we demonstrate a custom-built STED microscope with automated aberration correction that is capable of 3D super-resolution imaging through thick, highly aberrating tissue. We introduce and investigate a state of the art image denoising method by block-matching and collaborative 3D filtering (BM3D) to numerically enhance fine object details otherwise mixed with noise and further enhance the image quality. Numerical denoising provides an increase in the final effective resolution of the STED imaging of 31% using the well established Fourier ring correlation metric. Results achieved through the combination of aberration correction and tailored image processing are experimentally validated through super-resolved 3D imaging of axons in differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells growing under an 80 μm thick layer of tissue with lateral and axial resolution of 204 and 310 nm, respectively.

Zeb, MZ, Imran, K, Khattak, A, Janjua, AK, Pal, A, Nadeem, M, Zhang, J & Khan, S 2020, 'Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in the Active Distribution Network', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 68124-68134.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2013 IEEE. Electrification of the transportation sector can play a vital role in reshaping smart cities. With an increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road, deployment of well-planned and efficient charging infrastructure is highly desirable. Unlike level 1 and level 2 charging stations, level 3 chargers are super-fast in charging EVs. However, their installation at every possible site is not techno-economically justifiable because level 3 chargers may cause violation of critical system parameters due to their high power consumption. In this paper, we demonstrate an optimized combination of all three types of EV chargers for efficiently managing the EV load while minimizing installation cost, losses, and distribution transformer loading. Effects of photovoltaic (PV) generation are also incorporated in the analysis. Due to the uncertain nature of vehicle users, EV load is modeled as a stochastic process. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to solve the constrained nonlinear stochastic problem. MATLAB and OpenDSS are used to simulate the model. The proposed idea is validated on the real distribution system of the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Pakistan. Results show that an optimized combination of chargers placed at judicious locations can greatly reduce cost from $3.55 million to $1.99 million, daily losses from 787kWh to 286kWh and distribution transformer congestion from 58% to 22% when compared to scenario of optimized placement of level 3 chargers for 20% penetration level in commercial feeders. In residential feeder, these statistics are improved from $2.52 to $0.81 million, from 2167kWh to 398kWh and from 106% to 14%, respectively. It is also realized that the integration of PV improves voltage profile and reduces the negative impact of EV load. Our optimization model can work for commercial areas such as offices, university campuses, and industries as well as residential colonies.

Zeng, J, Lv, T, Lin, Z, Liu, RP, Mei, J, Ni, W & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Achieving Ultrareliable and Low-Latency Communications in IoT by FD-SCMA', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 363-378.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

To enable ultrareliable and low-latency communications (URLLCs) in the Internet of Things (IoT), a sparse-code multiple-access (SCMA)-enhanced full-duplex (FD) scheme (FD-SCMA) is proposed in this article. FD-SCMA can support short-packet transmissions of several SCMA users in the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) simultaneously by an FD next generation node B (gNB). First, the gNB and UL users can generate and superpose signals according to the preconfigured SCMA codebooks, and simultaneously transmit the signals via occupied subcarriers in a joint SCMA pattern. The receivers at the gNB and DL users can demodulate and decode the signals with multiuser detection (MUD). With the imperfect self-interference suppression (SIS) of FD considered, the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of FD-SCMA at the gNB and DL users is formulated. The error probability of FD-SCMA in the UL and DL is also derived under a given transmission latency constraint of short-packet transmissions. In the stationary flat-fading channel, it is proved that FD-SCMA can achieve better reliability than the existing FD and SCMA schemes. In the time-invariant frequency-selective fading channel, the upper bounds for error probability of the UL and DL users in FD-SCMA are derived, respectively. Through the theoretical calculation and Monte Carlo simulation, it is verified that the superiority of FD-SCMA in supporting ultrareliable and low-latency short-packet transmissions in IoT.

Zeng, J, Lv, T, Liu, RP, Su, X, Guo, YJ & Beaulieu, NC 2020, 'Enabling Ultrareliable and Low-Latency Communications Under Shadow Fading by Massive MU-MIMO', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 234-246.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2014 IEEE. It is challenging to satisfy the critical requirements of ultrareliable and low-latency communications (URLLCs) in the Internet of Things (IoT) under severe channel fading. The emerging massive multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) concept is applied in IoT networks under shadow fading, enabling URLLC with pilot-assisted channel estimation (PACE) and zero-forcing (ZF) detection. Assuming users are uniformly and randomly deployed under log-normal shadow fading, the probability density function (pdf) of postprocessing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) is derived for the uplink (UL) of massive MU-MIMO with perfect channel state information (CSI) and imperfect CSI obtained by PACE. Then, finite blocklength (FBL) information theory is utilized to derive the error probability of accessing users with a given latency, thereby evaluating the reliability of massive MU-MIMO for short-packet transmissions. Further, the length of pilots to minimize the error probability can be decided by the golden section search method (GSSM), which can converge rapidly. Numerical results verify that massive MU-MIMO can support a large number of UL URLLC users even when users are randomly deployed under shadow fading.

Zhan, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Li, L, Yang, B & Liang, B 2020, 'A review on mitigation technologies of low frequency current ripple injected into fuel cell and a case study', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 46, pp. 25167-25190.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, H & Xu, M 2020, 'Improving the generalization performance of deep networks by dual pattern learning with adversarial adaptation', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 200, pp. 106016-106016.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, H, Huang, X, Zhang, JA & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Dual Pulse Shaping Transmission and Equalization for High-Speed Wideband Wireless Communication Systems', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 2372-2382.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2004-2012 IEEE. Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion devices for signals with very large bandwidth are not always available due to technical or cost issues. This limits the realization of very high data-rate digital communication systems. In this paper, we propose a dual pulse shaping (DPS) transmission scheme, which can achieve full Nyquist rate transmission with only a half of the sampling rate for each of the two data streams. Two classes of ideal complementary Nyquist pulses are formulated assuming raised-cosine (RC) pulse shaping. The condition for cross-symbol interference (CSI) free transmission is derived and validated for the proposed pulses. Structures of the DPS transmitter and receiver are described and low-complexity equalization techniques tailored to DPS are proposed. With DPS, a millimeter wave system with commercially available and affordable data conversion devices is exemplified for achieving high-speed low-cost wireless communications. Simulation results with two sets of practical dual spectral shaping pulses are provided. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, with comparison to the benchmark conventional Nyquist pulse shaping system.

Zhang, P, Li, H, Ha, QP, Yin, Z-Y & Chen, R-P 2020, 'Reinforcement learning based optimizer for improvement of predicting tunneling-induced ground responses', Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 45, pp. 101097-101097.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, P, Xu, J, Wu, Q, Huang, Y & Zhang, J 2020, 'Top-Push Constrained Modality-Adaptive Dictionary Learning for Cross-Modality Person Re-Identification', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 4554-4566.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, R, Wu, L, Yang, Y, Wu, W, Chen, Y & Xu, M 2020, 'Multi-camera multi-player tracking with deep player identification in sports video', Pattern Recognition, vol. 102, pp. 107260-107260.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Identity switches caused by inter-object interactions remain a critical problem for multi-player tracking in real-world sports video analysis. Existing approaches utilizing the appearance model is difficult to associate detections and preserve identities due to the similar appearance of players in the same team. Instead of the appearance model, we propose a distinguishable deep representation for player identity in this paper. A robust multi-player tracker incorporating with deep player identification is further developed to produce identity-coherent trajectories. The framework consists of three parts: (1) the core component, a Deep Player Identification (DeepPlayer) model that provides an adequate discriminative feature through the coarse-to-fine jersey number recognition and the pose-guided partial feature embedding; (2) an Individual Probability Occupancy Map (IPOM) model for players 3D localization with ID; and (3) a K-Shortest Path with ID (KSP-ID) model that links nodes in the flow graph by a proposed player ID correlation coefficient. With the distinguishable identity, the performance of tracking is improved. Experiment results illustrate that our framework handles the identity switches effectively, and outperforms state-of-the-art trackers on the sports video benchmarks.

Zhang, S, Lin, M, Zou, X, Su, S, Zhang, W, Zhang, X & Guo, Z 2020, 'LSTM-based air quality predicted model for large cities in China', Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 229-236.
View description>>

In this paper, the LSTM model is used to predict the PM2.5 concentrations in five representative Chinese cities with the GDP exceeding 1 trillion Yuan, including Beijing, Chengdu, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Wuhan. The PM2.5 concentration data in 2015-2017 are selected for training, and the results are optimized to achieve an efficient solution by adjusting the parameters. Based on the optimized solution, a test is carried out to predict the PM2.5 concentration in 2018, and the results are compared with the real value obtained from the monitoring centre. According to the comparison results, the correlation coefficient of Wuhan and Chengdu is 0.86724 and 0.80070, which are the highest in these five cities. While the correlation coefficient of Shenzhen and Shanghai, are 0.78225, 0.72147, Beijing, as the capital city of China achieved the lowest correlation coefficient which is 0.64118. The LSTM-based predictive model has relatively good reliability and transferability. More effective predictive results can be achieved by implementing deep learning to analyse PM2.5 concentration.

Zhang, W, Liu, T, Ueland, M, Forbes, SL, Wang, RX & Su, SW 2020, 'Design of an efficient electronic nose system for odour analysis and assessment', Measurement, vol. 165, pp. 108089-108089.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd This paper presents an efficient electronic nose (e-nose) system, named “NOS.E”, for odour analysis and assessment. In addition to the reliable hardware and software designs, an airflow intake system is implemented to ensure the precise odour analysis procedure in the NOS.E system. Additionally, a particular control logic was introduced to improve the test efficiency of the NOS.E by reducing operation time. Furthermore, the fault detection and alarming design can generate a high-reliability performance by constantly monitoring its working status. To evaluate the performance of the NOS.E, three types of alcohols were tested by the NOS.E and compared to data collected by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). The results indicate that the NOS.E can successfully distinguish three different alcohols with high efficiency and low cost and has the potential to be a universal odour analysis platform implemented in various applications.

Zhang, Y, Lu, W, Ou, W, Zhang, G, Zhang, X, Cheng, J & Zhang, W 2020, 'Chinese medical question answer selection via hybrid models based on CNN and GRU', Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 79, no. 21-22, pp. 14751-14776.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Question answer selection in the Chinese medical field is very challenging since it requires effective text representations to capture the complex semantic relationships between Chinese questions and answers. Recent approaches on deep learning, e.g., CNN and RNN, have shown their potential in improving the selection quality. However, these existing methods can only capture a part or one-side of semantic relationships while ignoring the other rich and sophisticated ones, leading to limited performance improvement. In this paper, a series of neural network models are proposed to address Chinese medical question answer selection issue. In order to model the complex relationships between questions and answers, we develop both single and hybrid models with CNN and GRU to combine the merits of different neural network architectures. This is different from existing works that can onpy capture partial relationships by utilizing a single network structure. Extensive experimental results on cMedQA dataset demonstrate that the proposed hybrid models, especially BiGRU-CNN, significantly outperform the state-of-the-art methods. The source codes of our models are available in the GitHub (https://github.com/zhangyuteng/MedicalQA-CNN-BiGRU).

Zhang, Y, Wei, T, Tran, TT, Lu, KT, Zhang, Z, Price, JR, Aharonovich, I & Zheng, R 2020, '[U(H₂O)₂]{[(UO₂)₁₀O₁₀(OH)₂][(UO₄)(H₂O)₂]}: A Mixed-Valence Uranium Oxide Hydrate Framework', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 59, no. 17, pp. 12166-12175.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A uranium oxide hydrate framework, [U(H2O)2]{[(UO2)10O10(OH)2][(UO4)(H2O)2]} (UOF1), was synthesized hydrothermally using schoepite as a uranium precursor. The crystal strucutre of UOF1 was revealed with synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed with transmission electron miscroscopy. The typical uranyl oxide hydroxide layers similar to those in β-U3O8 are further connected via double-pentagonal-bipyramidal uranium polyhedra to form a three-dimensional (3D) framework structure with tetravalent uranium species inside the channels. The presence of mixed-valence uranium was investigated with a combination of X-ray absorption near-edge structure and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Apart from the major hexavalent uranium, evidence for tetravalent uranium was also found, consistent with the bond valence sum calculations. The successful preparation of UOF1 as the first pure uranium oxide hydrate framework sheds light on the structural understanding of the alteration of UO2+x as either a mineral or spent nuclear fuel.

Zhang, Z, Cheng, Z, Li, H, Ke, H & Guo, YJ 2020, 'A Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier With Hybrid Class-EFJ Mode', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 4270-4280.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper proposes a method that employs novel hybrid continuous class-EFJ power amplifiers (PAs) as carrier PA to design a broadband high-efficiency Doherty power amplifier (DPA). Bandwidth characteristic of the proposed DPA is analyzed in detail. By proper selection of related parameter values, up to 78% fabrication bandwidth can be obtained. Post-harmonic tuning network is applied to improve the bandwidth and enhance the efficiency. Then, a closed design process is presented to design broadband DPA based on derived theories. For validation, a broadband DPA operating in 1.2-2.8 GHz is designed and fabricated. Measurements illustrate that the DPA can deliver saturated output power between 43.7 dBm and 44.1 dBm in 1.2-2.8 GHz, and the saturated drain efficiency from 60.5% to 74.2 % is achieved. Moreover, drain efficiency is 48.1%-57.6% at the 6 dB power back-off. Compared with conventional DPAs, the proposed DPA exhibits superior performance of bandwidth characteristics and power back-off efficiency over a wide bandwidth.

Zhao, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Porikli, F, Ni, B & Zhang, W 2020, 'Scale-Aware Crowd Counting via Depth-Embedded Convolutional Neural Networks', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 3651-3662.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1991-2012 IEEE. Scale variation of pedestrians in a crowd image presents a significant challenge for vision-based people counting systems. Such variations are mainly caused by perspective-related distortions due to the camera pose relative to the ground plane. Following the density-based counting paradigm, we postulate that generating density values adaptive to object scales plays a critical role in the accuracy of the final counting results. Motivated by this, we distill the underlying information from depth cues to obtain scale-aware representations that can respond to object scales considering the fact that the scale is inversely proportional to the object depth. Specifically, we propose a depth embedding module as add-ons into existing networks. This module exploits essential depth cues to spatially re-calibrate the magnitude of the original features. In this way, the objects, although in the same class, will attain distinct representations according to their scales, which directly benefits the estimation of scale-aware density values. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the depth embedding module and validate that exploiting depth cues to perceive object scale variations in convolutional neural networks improves crowd counting performances. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on four popular benchmark datasets.

Zhe, T, Huang, L, Wu, Q, Zhang, J, Pei, C & Li, L 2020, 'Inter-Vehicle Distance Estimation Method Based on Monocular Vision Using 3D Detection', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 4907-4919.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. Most autonomous vehicles build their perception systems on expensive sensors, such as LIDAR, RADAR, and high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS). However, cameras can provide richer sensing at a considerably lower cost, this makes them a more appealing alternative. A driving assistance system (DAS) based on monocular vision has gradually become a research hotspot, and inter-vehicle distance estimation based on monocular vision is an important technology in DAS. There are still constrains in the existing methods for estimating the inter-vehicle distance based on monocular vision, such as low accuracy when distance is larger, unstable accuracy for different types vehicles, and significantly poor performance on distance estimation for severely occluded vehicles. To improve the accuracy and robustness of ranging results, this study proposes a monocular vision end-to-end inter-vehicle distance estimation method based on 3D detection. The actual area of the rare view of the vehicle and the corresponding projection area in the image are obtained by 3D detection method. An area-distance geometric model is then established on the basis of the camera projection principle to recover distance. Our method shows its potential in complex traffic scenarios by testing the test set data provided on the real-world computer vision benchmark, KITTI. The experimental results have superior performance than the existing published methods. Moreover, the accuracy of occluded vehicle ranging results can reach approximately 98%, while the accuracy deviation between vehicles with different visual angles is less than 2%.

Zheng, D, Zhang, H, Zhang, JA, Zheng, W & Su, SW 2020, 'Stability of asynchronous switched systems with sequence-based average dwell time approaches', Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 357, no. 4, pp. 2149-2166.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2019 The Franklin Institute This paper studies the stability problem of asynchronous switched systems and proposes novel sequence-based average dwell time approaches. Both continuous-time and discrete-time systems are considered. The proposed approaches exploit the switching sequences of subsystems which were seldom utilized in the literature. More specifically, our approaches exploit the differences between different switching sequences, including the maximal asynchronous switching time, the energy changing degree at switching times, and the increasing speed of energy functions in asynchronous time intervals. As a result, the proposed approaches can reduce the threshold value of average dwell time significantly. We also propose an approach to counterbalance the increasing of energy functions in asynchronous time intervals by prolonging the preceding rather than subsequent subsystem. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approaches can improve the performance significantly in comparison with a well-known method.

Zheng, D, Zhang, JA, Zhang, H, Zheng, WX & Su, SW 2020, 'Consensus of Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems Without a Spanning Tree: A Sequence-Based Topology-Dependent Method', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 162209-162217.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhou, I, Lipman, J, Abolhasan, M, Shariati, N & Lamb, DW 2020, 'Frost Monitoring Cyber–Physical System: A Survey on Prediction and Active Protection Methods', IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 6514-6527.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhu, H, Qin, P-Y & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Single-Ended-to-Balanced Power Divider With Extended Common-Mode Suppression and Its Application to Differential $2\times4$ Butler Matrices', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1510-1519.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhu, H, Zhu, X, Yang, Y & Sun, Y 2020, 'Design of Miniaturized On-Chip Bandpass Filters Using Inverting-Coupled Inductors in (Bi)-CMOS Technology', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 647-657.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2004-2012 IEEE. In this work, a new type of miniaturized on-chip resonator using coupled-inductor structure is presented. The impact on resonances of the structure due to the use of non- inverting- and inverting-coupled configuration is extensively investigated. It has been found that using the inverting-coupled structure, a stronger resonance can be generated, which is ideally suitable for device miniaturization. To fully understand the working mechanism of the resonator and use it effectively for bandpass filter (BPF) design, simplified LC equivalent-circuit models and detailed theoretical analysis are provided. To further demonstrate the proposed concept is useful in practice, not only a 1st-order BPF, but also another two 2nd-order BPFs are designed and fabricated in a standard 0.13-μm (Bi)-CMOS technology. All of them are designed to have a centre frequency around 15 GHz. Their physical dimensions are 0.13 × 0.25 mm2, 0.26 × 0.25 mm2, 0.24 × 0.22 mm2, respectively. Good agreements between simulation and measurement have been obtained, which verify that the presented design approach is suitable for miniaturized on-chip passive design.

Zhu, J, Yang, Y, Chu, C, Li, S, Liao, S & Xue, Q 2020, 'Low-Profile Wideband and High-Gain LTCC Patch Antenna Array for 60 GHz Applications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 3237-3242.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. This communication presents a low-profile wideband and high-gain patch antenna array using low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs) fabrication technique for 60 GHz applications. A coupled feeding scheme is adopted so that the antenna achieves wide impedance bandwidth that covers the entire 60 GHz license-free band with a height of only 0.384 mm (four tape layers). The shorting via connecting the upper patch and ground achieves the function of a virtual ac ground plane of differential feeding. This enables the antenna element to achieve good radiation performances, including stable gain (variation less than 1 dB) and a symmetrical beam with low cross-polarization over the entire frequency band. The performances of the antenna element are comparable to that of the differential-driven patch antenna while the complex differential feeding network is not required. Furthermore, the proposed antenna element with simple and easy-to-integrate geometry is successfully extended to a $4 \times 4$ antenna array using a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based feeding network. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of the array covers the 60 GHz license-free band. The maximum gain can reach 16.7 dBi and the radiation performances are very stable over the operating frequency band.

Zhu, J, Yang, Y, McGloin, D, Rajasekharan Unnithan, R, Li, S, Liao, S & Xue, Q 2020, '3-D Printed Planar Dielectric Linear-to-Circular Polarization Conversion and Beam-Shaping Lenses Using Coding Polarizer', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 4332-4343.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1963-2012 IEEE. This article presents a new linear-to-circular polarization conversion coding unit, on which two new kinds of beam-shaping lenses are proposed. First, under periodic boundary conditions, a linear-to-circular polarization conversion coding unit is introduced, which introduces the necessary phase delay by adjusting its geometrical parameters. The phase delay ranges from 0° to 360° and is discretized into 3 bit coding units corresponding to specific delays. Second, by properly arranging the coding units, a high-gain circularly polarized (CP) lens is proposed. The lens achieves linear-to-circular polarization conversion and beam collimation in the transmission mode simultaneously with a planar configuration, which is different from counterparts that place a lens atop of a polarizer. Furthermore, the coding units are used to form Wollaston-prism-like and Rochon-prism-like planar CP beam-shaping lenses, which split the beams with different polarizations into right-and left-handed components. These beams can be controlled independently. Prototypes working at 30 GHz band are designed, fabricated, and measured to verify the idea.

Zhu, LF, Zhu, TL, Yu, SB, Han, XY & Zhu, JG 2020, 'Analytical approach for calculation of eddy current losses in magnets caused by permeance harmonics in air gap', Dianji yu Kongzhi Xuebao/Electric Machines and Control, vol. 24, no. 5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The three dimensional finite element analysis of eddy current losses in magnets is time consuming, the accurate analytical methods of eddy current losses in magnets are complicated and the relationship between parameters and performances cannot be shown clearly. The coordinate was rebuilt in the slot location, and the local analysis model was investigated. The variation of flux density in magnet at the slot position was analyzed and idealized, a simplified analytical calculation method of eddy current losses in magnets caused by the permeance harmonics in the air gap was proposed, by which the main influence factors are exhibited obviously, and the calculation time is short. The calculated results of eddy current losses in magnets caused by the permeance harmonics were verified by the three dimensional finite element calculation results and the measured results. The influence factors for the variation of magnet flux density are the slot opening width to the equivalent air gap length and to the tooth pitch, and the influences of relative parameters to the eddy current losses in magnets caused by the permeance harmonics were analyzed, and the optimization method was adopted based on the analytical results. It shows that, the eddy current losses in magnets are decreased by about 90.2 percent.

Zhu, Q, Qiu, X, Coleman, P & Burnett, I 2020, 'A comparison between two modal domain methods for personal audio reproduction', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 161-173.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Personal audio provides private and personalized listening experiences by generating sound zones in a shared space with minimal interference between zones. One challenge of the design is to achieve the best performance with a limited number of microphones and loudspeakers. In this paper, two modal domain methods for personal audio reproduction are compared. One is the spatial harmonic decomposition (SHD) based method and the other is the singular value decomposition (SVD) based method. It is demonstrated that the SVD based method provides a more efficient modal domain decomposition than the SHD method for 2.5 dimensional personal audio design. Simulation results show that the SVD based method outperforms the SHD one by up to 10 dB in terms of acoustic contrast and up to 17 dB in terms of reproduction error for a compact arc array with five loudspeakers, while requiring fewer microphones around the zone boundaries. The SVD based method retains the inherent efficiency of optimizing in a modal domain while avoiding the inherent geometric limitations of using SHD basis functions. Thus, this approach is advantageous for applications with flexible system geometries and a small number of loudspeakers and microphones.

Zou, J, Xu, W, Zhu, J & Liu, Y 2020, 'Simplified Model Predictive Thrust Control Based Arbitrary Two Voltage Vectors for Linear Induction Machines in Metro Transportation', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 7092-7103.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zou, Y, Gong, S, Xu, J, Cheng, W, Hoang, DT & Niyato, D 2020, 'Wireless Powered Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for Enhancing Wireless Communications', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 12369-12373.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1967-2012 IEEE. Recently, the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has become a promising technology for energy-, and spectrum-efficient communications by reconfiguring the radio environment. In this paper, we consider multiple-input single-output (MISO) transmissions from a multi-antenna access point (AP) to a receiver, assisted by a practical IRS with a power budget constraint. The IRS can work in energy harvesting, and signal reflecting phases. It firstly harvests RF energy from the AP's signal beamforming, and then uses it to sustain its operations in the signal reflecting phase. We aim to characterize the maximum capacity by optimizing the AP's transmit beamforming, the IRS's time allocation in two operational phases, and the IRS's passive beamforming to enhance the information rate. To solve the non-convex maximization problem, we exploit its structural properties, and decompose it into two sub-problems in two phases. The IRS's phase shift optimization in the reflecting phase follows a conventional passive beamforming problem to maximize the received signal power. In the energy harvesting phase, the IRS's time allocation, and the AP's transmit beamforming are jointly optimized using monotonic optimization. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Zuo, Y, Fang, Y, Yang, Y, Shang, X & Wu, Q 2020, 'Depth Map Enhancement by Revisiting Multi-Scale Intensity Guidance Within Coarse-to-Fine Stages', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 4676-4687.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IEEE Being different from the most methods of guided depth map enhancement based on deep convolutional neural network which focus on increasing the depth of networks, this paper is to improve the effectiveness of intensity guidance when the network goes deep. Overall, the proposed network upsamples the low-resolution depth maps from coarse to fine. Within each refinement stage of certain-scale depth features, the current-scale and all coarse-scales of the guidance features are revisited by dense connection. Therefore, the multi-scale guidance is efficiently maintained as the propagation of features. Furthermore, the proposed network maintains the intensity features in the high-resolution domain from which the multi-scale guidance is directly extracted. This design further improves the quality of intensity guidance. In addition, the shallow depth features upsampled via transposed convolution layer are directly transferred to the final depth features for reconstruction, which is called global residual learning in feature domain. Similarly, the global residual learning in pixel domain learns the difference between the depth ground truth and the coarsely upsampled depth map. Also, the local residual learning is to maintain the low frequency within each refinement stage and progressively recover the high frequency. The proposed method is tested for noise-free and noisy cases which compares against 16 state-of-the-art methods. Our experimental results show the improved performances based on the qualitative and quantitative evaluations.

Zuo, Y, Wu, Q, Fang, Y, An, P, Huang, L & Chen, Z 2020, 'Multi-Scale Frequency Reconstruction for Guided Depth Map Super-Resolution via Deep Residual Network', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 297-306.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 1991-2012 IEEE. The depth maps obtained by the consumer-level sensors are always noisy in the low-resolution (LR) domain. Existing methods for the guided depth super-resolution, which are based on the pre-defined local and global models, perform well in general cases (e.g., joint bilateral filter and Markov random field). However, such model-based methods may fail to describe the potential relationship between RGB-D image pairs. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a data-driven approach based on the deep convolutional neural network with global and local residual learning. It progressively upsamples the LR depth map guided by the high-resolution intensity image in multiple scales. A global residual learning is adopted to learn the difference between the ground truth and the coarsely upsampled depth map, and the local residual learning is introduced in each scale-dependent reconstruction sub-network. This scheme can restore the depth structure from coarse to fine via multi-scale frequency synthesis. In addition, batch normalization layers are used to improve the performance of depth map denoising. Our method is evaluated in noise-free and noisy cases. A comprehensive comparison against 17 state-of-the-art methods is carried out. The experimental results show that the proposed method has faster convergence speed as well as improved performances based on the qualitative and quantitative evaluations.

Abbasnejad, B, McGloin, D & Clemon, L 1970, 'A Flexible Hair-Like Laser Induced Graphitic Sensor for Low Flow Rate Sensing Applications', Volume 5: Biomedical and Biotechnology, ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Direct low flow sensing is of interest to many applications in medical and biochemical industries. Low flow rate measurement is still challenging, and conventional flow sensors such as hot films, hot wires and Pitot probes are not capable of measuring very low flow rates accurately. In some applications that require flow measurement in a small diameter tubing (e.g. intravenous (IV) infusion), using such sensors also becomes mechanically impractical. Herein, a flexible laser-induced graphitic (LIG) piezoresistive flow sensor has been fabricated in a cost-effective single processing step. The capability of the LIG sensor in very low flow rate measurement has been investigated by embedding the sensor within an intravenous (IV) line. The embedded LIG hair-like sensor was tested at ambient temperature within the IV line at flow rates ranging from 0 m/s to 0.3 m/s (IV infusion free-flow rate). The LIG hair-like sensor presented in this study detects live flow rates of IV infusions with a threshold detection limit as low as 0.02 m/s. Moreover, the deformation of the LIG hair-like sensor that lead to resistance change in response to various flow rates is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics.

Afzal, MU & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Recent Advances in Near-Field Meta-Steering', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Lalbakhsh, A 1970, 'A System-Level Overview of Near-Field Meta-Steering', 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science, 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 URSI. The paper provides a system-level overview of Near-Field Meta-Steering (NFMS) technology. The NFMS is upcoming antenna beam-steering method that uses the physical rotation of pair of thin metasurfaces that are placed in very close proximity to a high-gain feeding base antenna. This method neither uses any active radio frequency (RF) components nor physical tilting of any antenna part. It is for these reasons that this method yield antenna systems that superior to traditional electronically scanned phased array and mechanically rotated beamsteering antennas. The antenna systems can be developed for a range of applications including inflight connectivity, low-cost satellite terminal antennas to provide connectivity at remote places, and high-power micro- and millimetre-wave applications. The dynamic phase transformation that is achieved by the rotation of two metasurfaces, in a proof-of-concept prototype reported in 2017, indicate that an antenna beam can be scanned in a conical region having an apex angle of 102°.

Ahmed, F, Afzal, MU, Hayatt, T & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Low-Cost All-Metal Resonant-Cavity Antenna for High Power Applications', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Low-cost all-metal partially reflecting surface (AM PRS) based resonant-cavity antennas are presented in this paper. The AM PRSs are made by introducing square-shaped slots in a thin metallic sheet having moderate to high reflectivity ranging from -4.12 dB to -1.27 dB. An RCA designed using highly reflecting AM PRS has maximum directivity of 16.54 dBi and low 3 dB directivity bandwidth of 9.17% whereas those designed using less reflective AM PRSs have high directivity bandwidth but smaller peak directivity within the operating band.

Ahmed, F, Hayat, T, Afzal, MU, Lalbakhsh, A & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Dielectric-Free Cells for Low-Cost Near-Field Phase Shifting Metasurfaces', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 741-742.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. This paper presents a unique dielectric-free cell configuration that is useful as a building block to design low-cost transparent phase-gradient metasurfaces required for antenna beam steering using both far-field and near-field methods. Each cell is made of a few thin metal sheets each having an asterisk-shaped slot. A phase variation of 360 degrees is possible with four metal layers, with less than 2 dB drop in amplitude. This is much greater than what is possible with the conventional cross-slot which lacks such a high degree of freedom.

Akter, N, Perry, S, Fletcher, J, Simunovic, M & Roy, M 1970, 'Automated Artifacts and Noise Removal from Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Deep Learning Technique', 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Alanazi, F & Gay, V 1970, 'e-Health for Diabetes Self-Management in Saudi Arabia: Barriers and Solutions', International Business Information Management Association, International Business Information Management Association, Granada, Spain.
View description>>

The need to give support to diabetes patients through e-health becomes necessary in recent times. This study aims to determine how e-health applications can benefit diabetes self-management in Saudi Arabia through a systematic literature review. Barriers and solutions e-health for self-management of diabetes is the core focus of this study. Google Scholar, JSTOR, PubMed and Research Gate using articles published. Mobile-enabled and e-health applications were consistently found promising in most of the papers. The search yielded 40 usable papers, described then categorised according to the topic and direction of findings. Some barriers standing found in the study are integrating patient records at the national level, training people operating and maintaining the system, etc. The study found that the societies' cultural, religious and social practices significantly affect the effective use of e-health in the study area and everyone including parents need to be educated.

Ali, H, Afzal, M, Esselle, KP & Hashmi, R 1970, 'Investigating Stacked-Ring Based Cells for Phase Shifting Surfaces', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ali, SMN, Hossain, MJ, Sharma, V & Kashif, M 1970, 'Thermal Control Compensation of Induction Motor Drive in Electrified Powertrain', 2020 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), 2020 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), IEEE, Santa Ana, CA, USA.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The increase in operating as well as environmental temperature of an electric vehicle (EV) motor drive causes significant variations in its performance parameters such as rotor, stator resistance and mutual inductance. This variation results in the overall performance degradation of electrified powertrain in the form of excessive fuel (battery) consumption and inability to meet the desired terminal characteristics such as speed, torque and flux. To mitigate this issue, a robust linear parameter varying (LPV) control incorporated with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is presented in this work that ensures L2 gain bound and closed-loop control system stability. A comparison of sliding mode control (SMC) is made with the proposed controller to validate its robustness. In order to verify the efficacy of LPV controller, its performance is tested against a New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) in MATLAB Simulink environment. The nonlinear simulation results gurantee the excellence of LPV performance.

Almeida, R, Cunha, I, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 1970, 'Classification of Load Balancing in the Internet', IEEE INFOCOM 2020 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE INFOCOM 2020 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE, Toronto, ON, Canada.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Recent advances in programmable data planes, software-defined networking, and the adoption of IPv6 support novel, more complex load balancing strategies. We introduce the Multipath Classification Algorithm (MCA), a probing algorithm that extends traceroute to identify and classify load balancing in Internet routes. MCA extends existing formalism and techniques to consider that load balancers may use arbitrary combinations of bits in the packet header for load balancing. We propose optimizations to reduce probing cost that are applicable to MCA and existing load balancing measurement techniques. Through large-scale measurement campaigns, we characterize and study the evolution of load balancing on the IPv4 and IPv6 Internet with multiple transport protocols. Our results show that load balancing is more prevalent and that load balancing strategies are more mature than previous characterizations have found.

Alsahafi, YA, Gay, V & Khwaji, AA 1970, 'The Acceptance of National Electronic Health Records in Saudi Arabia: Healthcare Consumers’ Perspectives', ACIS 2020 Proceedings - 31st Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, AISEL, New Zeeland.
View description>>

This study aims to investigate factors impacting healthcare consumers’ acceptance of National Electronic Health Records (NEHRs) in Saudi Arabia. The study incorporated perceived security concerns and trust factors into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. A questionnaire survey was distributed among Saudi citizens to gain their perceptions, and 794 valid responses were collected. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyse the collected data. Both the measurement model and structural model proved a good fit to the research data. All research hypotheses were supported at the significance level of p < 0.001 except the impact of social influence, which was significant at the level of p < 0.005. The proposed model explained 56% of the variance in behavioural intention, implying the presence of additional factors that are not yet identified. A better understanding of these influential factors could prompt policymakers to effectively plan for and enhance the acceptance and use of NEHRs.

Alsawwaf, M, Chaczko, Z & Kulbacki, M 1970, 'In Your Face: Person Identification Through Ratios of Distances Between Facial Features', Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Springer International Publishing, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 527-536.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. These days identification of a person is an integral part of many computer-based solutions. It is a key characteristic for access control, customized services, and a proof of identity. Over the last couple of decades, many new techniques were introduced for how to identify human faces. The purpose of this paper is to introduce yet another innovative approach for face recognition. The human face consists of multiple features that when considered together produces a unique signature that identifies a single person. Building upon this premise, we are studying the identification of faces by producing ratios from the distances between the different features on the face and their locations in an explainable algorithm with the possibility of future inclusion of multiple spectrum and 3D images for data processing and analysis.

Al-Shehri, MA, Guo, Y & Lei, G 1970, 'A Systematic Review of Reliability Studies of Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Microgrids', 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE), 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper has carried out a comprehensive review of the reliability analysis of microgrid. Survey papers on grid-connected microgrids have reported. In addition, the most applicable indices used in the reliability analyses of microgrids have been investigated. Different techniques used for coupling microgrids have been reported. In the same vein, a survey of different models used for comprehensive reliability analysis of microgrids is also reported. In a similar passion, the most frequent indices used in the reliability evaluations of microgrid have been defined. Different microgrids existing globally have also been presented in the paper. Finally, some future research topics in the area of this research have been identified.

Al-Shehri, MA, Guo, Y & Lei, G 1970, 'Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Microgrids: A Systematic Review', 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), IEEE, pp. 1297-1306.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A comprehensive review of the literature for the optimum design of microgrid is presented in this paper. This is aim at realistic evaluation of the current status, some existing research problems, and developed a future research topic in the area. Presently, the penetration of microgrid is increasing, ranging from developed to underdeveloped nations. Depending on the application, microgrids could be installed for specific applications, such as community-based and experimental microgrids. Examples of these situations are also highlighted in the paper.

Al-Shehri, MA, Guo, Y & Lei, G 1970, 'Statistical Fitting of Wind Speed Data for Determination of Wind Power Potentials in Saudi Arabia', 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Al-Soeidat, M, Khawaldeh, H, Lu, DD-C & Zhu, J 1970, 'A Novel High Step-up Three-Port Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for PV-Battery Integrated System', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 3352-3357.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, a new high step-up non-isolated three- port DC-DC converter (HS-NITPC) is proposed. The converter is designed to integrate a solar panel with battery storage in order to boost its voltage, reduce the effect of solar energy intermittency and enhance solar power performance under unpredictable load demand. The converter combines three converters to form one integrated converter by sharing some components. Thus, the converter has high power density and fewer components compared to the traditional DC-DC converters. The coupled inductor is used to achieve a high output regulated voltage, transfer energy among the ports and facilitate maximum power point tracking for the solar panel. A hardware prototype was built and tested to verify the proposed circuit for 180 W input power. The proposed converter is suitable for stand-alone or grid- connected solar system. Moreover, it could be used in the electric vehicle where the regenerative braking is used.

Amiri, M, Tofigh, F, Shariati, N, Lipman, J & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Ultra Wideband Dual Polarization Metamaterial Absorber for 5G frequency spectrum', 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, Copenhagen, Denmark.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Implementing 5G technology contributes to improve communication quality and facilitate several interesting applications in daily life such as Internet of things. Despite outstanding features of 5G, the amount of ambient electromagnetic waves will be increased significantly in the environment, which may be undesired. Ultra-wideband metamaterial perfect absorber is a promising solution to collect these undesired signals. Using lumped elements in absorber structure to increase the absorption bandwidth leads to design and fabrication process complexity. In this paper, a low profile polarization angle selective metamaterial absorber has been designed to absorb signals in the frequency range of 21.79 GHz to 53.23 GHz with more than 90% efficiency. The relative absorption bandwidth of the final structure is 83.81%. Moreover, the final structure is reasonably insensitive facing different incident angle up to 40 degree.

Ansari, M, Zhu, H, Shariati, N & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Mm-wave Multi-Beam Antenna Array Based on Miniaturized Butler Matrix for 5G Applications', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Azizivahed, A, Arefi, A, Ghavidel, S, Shafie-khah, M, Li, L, Zhang, J & Catalao, J 1970, 'Energy Management Strategy in Dynamic Distribution Network Reconfiguration considering Renewable Energy Resources and Storage', 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Azizivahed, A, Karandeh, R, Cecchi, V, Naderi, E, Li, L & Zhang, J 1970, 'Multi-Area Dynamic Economic Dispatch Considering Water Consumption Minimization, Wind Generation, and Energy Storage System', 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1-5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper introduces a novel, practical model for Multi-Area Dynamic Economic Dispatch (MADED) problem whose primary targets are to minimize both operational cost and water consumption. To make the proposed study more practical, several additional requirements that are inevitable in forthcoming power systems are taken into account including wind power penetration, pumped storage systems, and different interconnected areas. Such a complicated problem needs to be solved by a potent multi-objective optimization tool. In this regard, one of the relatively new optimization approaches, Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), is implemented to solve the proposed problem. The obtained optimal solutions on a 40-unit power network illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and reveal a substantial improvement in reducing the operational cost, i.e., more than $30 million is reduced annually.

Baba, AA, Hashmi, RM, Esselle, KP & Attygalle, M 1970, 'A Wideband Wide-Angle Beam-Steering System for Millimeter-wave Applications', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, pp. 259-260.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents the performance of an optimized wideband beam-steering antenna system for mm-wave applications. The antenna is passive and can provide continuous two-dimensional beam scanning up to \pm \mathbf{40}^{\mathbf{o}} away from broadside direction in elevation and any direction in azimuth. It uses a pair of near-field dielectric phase transformers, inspired from optical prisms, introducing a pre-determined phase gradient to the incoming wave front from a source antenna, and redirecting the radiated beam to specified direction with in a conical region with an apex angle of 80°. A prototype of the antenna system along with the mounting structure has been fabricated and tested.

Bandara, N, Gunawardane, K & Kularatna, N 1970, 'Exprimental verification of Supercapacitor Assisted Sub Module Inverter (SCASMI) Technique', 2020 2nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems (IESES), 2020 2nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems (IESES), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Bandara, N, Gunawardane, K & Kularatna, N 1970, 'Supercapacitor based RC loop loss circumvention technique to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic inverters', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Banerjee, S, Ling, SH, Lyu, J, Su, S & Zheng, Y-P 1970, 'Automatic Segmentation of 3D Ultrasound Spine Curvature Using Convolutional Neural Network', 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society, IEEE, United States, pp. 2039-2042.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Scoliosis is a 3D spinal deformation where the spine takes a lateral curvature, which generates an angle in a coronal plane. For periodic detection of scoliosis, safe and economic imaging modality is needed as continuous exposure to radiative imaging may cause cancer. 3D ultrasound imaging is a cost-effective and radiation-free imaging modality which gives volume projection image. Identification of mid-spine line using manual, semi-automatic and automatic methods have been published. Still, there are some difficulties like variations in human measurement, slow processing of data associated with them. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised ground truth generation and automatic spine curvature segmentation using U- Net. This approach of the application of Convolutional Neural Network on ultrasound spine image, to perform automatic detection of scoliosis, is a novel one.

Barzegarkhoo, R, Siwakoti, YP & Blaabjerg, F 1970, 'Model Predictive Control of a Five-level Active Boost Neutral Point Clamped (5L-ABNPC) Inverter for Transformerless Grid-Connected PV Applications', 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Barzegarkhoo, R, Siwakoti, YP, Long, T & Blaabjerg, F 1970, 'Five-Level Grid-Tied Inverter Employing Switched-Capacitor Cell with Common-Grounded Feature', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, USA, pp. 3298-3303.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

An advanced topology of single-phase five-level transformerless grid-connected inverter is presented in this paper, which offers a common ground between the input source and the null of the grid. This alleviated the concern of variable common-mode voltage and the leakage current problem, which makes the inverter suitable for grid-tied photovoltaic (PV)-based applications. The proposed topology is operated by a series-parallel switching conversion of a switched-capacitor (SC) cell. It consists of a single dc source, two power diodes/capacitors alongside six power switches. Using the SC technique, a single-stage two times voltage boosting inverter with a self-voltage balancing of the capacitors is achieved. By employing the SC cell, five distinct voltage levels are also made at the inverter's output, so a small L-Type filter can be utilized. The control/modulation of the proposed inverter is also on the basis of a new peak current controller (PCC) technique. The circuit description along with the proposed PCC operation is discussed and a brief comparative study besides the experimental results are given at the end to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed topology.

Bawden, R, Di Nunzio, GM, Grozea, C, Unanue, IJ, Yepes, AJ, Mah, N, Martinez, D, Névéol, A, Neves, M, Oronoz, M, de Viñaspre, OP, Piccardi, M, Roller, R, Siu, A, Thomas, P, Vezzani, F, Navarro, MV, Wiemann, D & Yeganova, L 1970, 'Findings of the WMT 2020 Biomedical Translation Shared Task: Basque, Italian and Russian as New Additional Languages', 5th Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2020 - Proceedings, Fifth Conference in Machine Translation (WMT 2020), The Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, pp. 660-687.
View description>>

Machine translation of scientific abstracts and terminologies has the potential to support health professionals and biomedical researchers in some of their activities. In the fifth edition of the WMT Biomedical Task, we addressed a total of eight language pairs. Five language pairs were previously addressed in past editions of the shared task, namely, English/German, English/French, English/Spanish, English/Portuguese, and English/Chinese. Three additional languages pairs were also introduced this year: English/Russian, English/Italian, and English/Basque. The task addressed the evaluation of both scientific abstracts (all language pairs) and terminologies (English/Basque only). We received submissions from a total of 20 teams. For recurring language pairs, we observed an improvement in the translations in terms of automatic scores and qualitative evaluations, compared to previous years.

Begum, M, Li, L & Zhu, J 1970, 'Distributed Secondary Control of Energy Storage Units for SoC balancing in AC Microgrid', 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1-5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper introduces a new distributed secondary control (DSC) method for distributed energy storage units (DESUs) in an islanded alternative current (AC) microgrid (MG). Dynamics of distributed storages for the extended time duration are not taken into account in the traditional hierarchical control of MG. Thus, it is challenging to control the DESUs with various levels of stored energy represented by the state of charge (SoC). The storage units can utilise their full power capacity after converging to a common SoC to mitigate the generation and demand variations in the MG. SoC depletion of DESUs with lower initial SoC occurs faster than those with higher initial SoC by using the traditional P-f droop control and then their capacities are no longer accessible. Furthermore, applying the droop control to match the SoC of DESUs causes the deviation of frequency and voltage from their reference values. However, restoration of the MG frequency using the conventional DSCs disrupts the SoC-balancing. The designed DSC can achieve simultaneous frequency/voltage regulation, power sharing and SoC-balancing as well as removing the centralized communication. The proposed method is evaluated in the established Matlab/Simulink model and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Bernhardt, N, Koshelev, K, White, S, Meng, KWC, Froch, JE, Tran, TT, Kim, S, Choi, D-Y, Kivshar, Y & Solntsev, AS 1970, 'Second-Harmonic Generation from WS2 Monolayers Enhanced by BIC Resonances', Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO: Science and Innovations, Optica Publishing Group.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Through the utilization of resonant dielectric metasurfaces governed by bound states in the continuum, we demonstrate a strong increase in the second-harmonic generation in WS2 monolayers by a factor exceeding 700

Betti, F, Ramponi, G & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Controlled Text Generation with Adversarial Learning', INLG 2020 - 13th International Conference on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, 13th International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG 2020), The Association for Computational Linguistics, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 29-34.
View description>>

In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have started to attain promising results also in natural language generation. However, the existing models have paid limited attention to the semantic coherence of the generated sentences. For this reason, in this paper we propose a novel network - the Controlled TExt generation Relational Memory GAN (CTERM-GAN) - that uses an external input to influence the coherence of sentence generation. The network is composed of three main components: a generator based on a Relational Memory conditioned on the external input; a syntactic discriminator which learns to discriminate between real and generated sentences; and a semantic discriminator which assesses the coherence with the external conditioning. Our experiments on six probing datasets have showed that the model has been able to achieve interesting results, retaining or improving the syntactic quality of the generated sentences while significantly improving their semantic coherence with the given input.

Bryant, L, Hemsley, B, Bailey, B, Bluff, A, Nguyen, V, Stubbs, P, Barnett, D, Jacobs, C, Lucas, C & Power, E 1970, 'Opportunities for the Implementation of Immersive Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation', Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Wailea, Maui, HI, pp. 3567-3576.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Virtual reality (VR) technologies are emerging as novel platforms for physical and cognitive interventions, though applications in communication rehabilitation are scarce. Consultation with end-users on implementation of VR in clinical contexts is a vital first step to investigating the feasibility VR in communication rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine the views of professionals with expertise in health, rehabilitation, and VR technology, on the populations that might benefit from VR-based rehabilitation, and potential barriers and facilitators to their use of VR. Thematic content analysis of one interdisciplinary focus group and one in-depth interview identified two content themes relating to the use of VR in rehabilitation, and four themes related to the use of VR to maximize its clinical benefit and uptake. Consideration of these results in the development of VR programs in rehabilitation might lead to better acceptance and implementation of VR for improved health and participation outcomes.

Cao, Y, Lv, T & Ni, W 1970, 'Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Multi-User mmWave Communications for Coverage Enhancement', 2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, IEEE, London, UK, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is envisioned as a promising solution for controlling radio propagation environments in future wireless systems. In this paper, we propose a distributed intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multi-user millimeter wave (mmWave) system, where IRSs are exploited to enhance the mmWave signal coverage when direct links between base station and users are unavailable. First, a joint active and passive beamforming problem is established for weighted sum-rate maximization. Then, an alternating iterative algorithm with closed-form expressions is proposed to tackle the challenging non-convex problem, thereby decoupling the active and passive beamforming variables. Moreover, we design a constraint relaxation technique to address the unit modulus constraints pertaining to the IRS. Numerical results demonstrate that the distributed IRS can potentially enhance the communication performance of existing wireless systems.

Chaczko, Z, Kulbacki, M, Gudzbeler, G, Alsawwaf, M, Thai-Chyzhykau, I & Wajs-Chaczko, P 1970, 'Exploration of Explainable AI in Context of Human-Machine Interface for the Assistive Driving System', Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Springer International Publishing, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 507-516.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents the application and issues related to explainable AI in context of a driving assistive system. One of the key functions of the assistive system is to signal potential risks or hazards to the driver in order to allow for prompt actions and timely attention to possible problems occurring on the road. The decision making of an AI component needs to be explainable in order to minimise the time it takes for a driver to decide on whether any action is necessary to avoid the risk of collision or crash. In the explored cases, the autonomous system does not act as a “replacement” for the human driver, instead, its role is to assist the driver to respond to challenging driving situations, possibly difficult manoeuvres or complex road scenarios. The proposed solution validates the XAI approach for the design of a safety and security system that is able to identify and highlight potential risk in autonomous vehicles.

Chemalamarri, VD, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Constraint-Based Rerouting mechanism to address Congestion in Software Defined Networks', 2020 30th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC), 2020 30th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC), IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we propose a traffic rerouting mechanism to address congestion in Software-Defined networks. We employ back-tracking and constraint propagation techniques to find alternate paths to reroute multiple active flows simultaneously. Cost function is based on standard deviation of link-loads. We then compare traffic distribution and link utilisation with and without rerouting active flows. We measure and compare network performance using parameters such as total rate of transfer, jitter, and packet loss with that of Shortest Path First with no rerouting. Our proposed solution produces lower jitter, packet drops, and higher transfer rate. We finally conclude the paper by making observations and discussing the scope of the future work.

Chen, S-L, Ziolkowski, RW, Guo, YJ & Liu, Y 1970, 'Single-Feed, Highly-Directive, Higher-Order-Mode Cavity Antenna and Its Beam Tilting Realization', 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC 2020), IEEE, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, pp. 10-12.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Fast-speed, mast-capacity, and low-cost communications are highly desired for future wireless systems. Single-feed overmoded slot-based rectangular cavity antennas are developed to meet this demand. A TE(10)(11)(0) mode is excited in the cavity with a rectangular waveguide. A total of 110 slots appropriately etched in its top surface yields a system that radiates its beam into the broadside direction with a gain of 26.6 dBi. An engineered phased patch surface is then introduced tofacilitate tilted-beam pattern for high-order-mode cavity antennas. The realized cavity antenna augmented with an appropriately-shaped phased patch surface attained a tilted beam at 30° with respect to the broadside direction. An antenna prototype was fabricated, and measured results agree well with the simulated ones.

Cheng, Q, Lin, Z, Zhang, JA, Nguyen, D, Huang, X, Kekirigoda, A & Hui, K-P 1970, 'Multi-user MIMO with Jamming Suppression for Spectrum-Efficient Tactical Communications', 2020 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2020 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Being spectrum-efficient and robust to adversarial interference caused by jammers are critical to tactical wireless systems. Leveraging multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques, this paper investigates the realization of spectrum-efficient multi-user MIMO communications in the presence of high-power jammers. Unlike most existing work that only exploits the MIMO degree of freedom to nullify the jamming signal, we also aim to improve the spectral efficiency of the system with the MIMO spatial multiplexing capability. To that end, we first design a combiner at the receiver spanning the null space of the jamming channels, which can completely remove the jamming signals and optimize the communication reception. We further propose two methods for the design of precoders at the transmitter to mitigate multi-user interference. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in radio-frequency contested environments.

Cheng, T, Dah-ChuanLu, D & Siwakoti, YP 1970, 'Electro-Thermal Average Modeling of a Boost Converter Considering Device Self-heating', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 2854-2859.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Due to the ongoing pursuit of high power density power supplies, thermal management becomes one of the most critical aspects to consider during the design phase for their stable and efficient operation. There are some reported electro-thermal models (ETMs) of power semiconductors and passive components, which help to estimate their electrical performance and temperature simultaneously. However, with the increase of the switching frequency for higher power density design, the simulation time increases accordingly. This can be effectively solved by adopting an averaged model of the converter. As the conventional average model is neither frequency nor temperature dependent with which are the two key parameters in ETM, modification is needed. Therefore, a modified electro-thermal average model (ETAM) of a boost converter considering self-heating phenomenon of all devices is proposed in this paper. This is achieved by a) adding additional behavior models to calculate the device losses; b) replacing the fixed resistance of each component with a temperature dependent one; c) using variable inductor and capacitor instead of a fixed value counterpart to obtain an accurate electrical model and precise losses estimation, and d) forming electrical and temperature feedback loops for each component. The advantages of the proposed research work are fast simulation speed, fairly accurate temperature prediction, and ease of implementation. Both the simulation and experimental results are given and compared to verify the proposed solution.

Cotton, D, Traish, J & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Coevolutionary Deep Reinforcement Learning', 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), IEEE, Australia, pp. 2600-2607.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The ability to learn without instruction is a powerful enabler for learning systems. A mechanism for this, selfplay, allows reinforcement learning to develop high performing policies without large datasets or expert knowledge. Despite these benefits, self-play is known to be less sample efficient and suffer unstable learning dynamics. This is in part due to a nonstationary learning problem where an agent's actions influence their opponents and as a consequence the training data they receive. In this paper we demonstrate that competitive pressures can be utilised to improve self-play. This paper leverages coevolution, an evolutionary inspired process in which individuals are compelled to innovate and adapt, to optimise the training of a population of reinforcement learning agents. We demonstrate that our algorithm improves the final performance of a Rainbow DQN trained in the game Connect Four, achieving a 15% higher win percentage over the next leading self-play algorithm. Furthermore, our algorithm exhibits more stable training with less variation in evaluation performance.

Das, D, Hossain, MJ, Mishra, S & Singh, B 1970, 'Robust Power Sharing between Dual Active Bridges to Improve a DC Microgrid's Stability', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Diao, K, Sun, X, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Application-Oriented System Level Optimization Method for Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Systems', 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), IEEE, Nanjing, China, pp. 473-477.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a novel application-oriented system level optimization method for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive systems. First, the multiobjective optimization model is defined according to the design requirements. Then, all the parameters of the motor and controller are divided into three subspaces according to the sensitivity results on the defined objectives. Finally, the optimization of each subspace is performed sequentially by using the approximate models and advanced genetic algorithm, and the best solution can be selected from the Pareto optimal solutions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an SRM drive system with a segmented-rotor SRM and the angle position control method is investigated. This is a high-dimensional system level optimization problem with ten parameters. The computational cost can be greatly reduced without the sacrifice of accuracy. From the discussion, it can be found that the proposed multiobjective system level optimization method can achieve high efficiency and low torque ripple. Besides, it provides alternative solutions for applications with different output power demands.

Ding, C, Sun, H, Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Achieving Wider Impedance Bandwidth Using FullWavelength Dipoles', 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, Copenhagen, Denmark.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 EurAAP. This paper investigates the use of full-wavelength dipoles (FWD) to achieve wider bandwidth than halfwavelength dipoles (HWD). Two dual-polarized antennas are built based on FWDs for base station applications as examples. The first antenna is an isolated cross-dipole employing two FWDs with simple configuration. It is able to cover the lower band for cellular communication from 698 to 960 MHz. The second antenna has four FWDs arranged in a square loop array form and tightly coupled with each other. The employed full-wavelength dipoles are bent upward to maintain a small aperture size, so that the realized element still fits in traditional base station antenna (BSA) array. The antenna can be matched across the band from 1.65 to 3.7 GHz, which can cover both the 3G/4G band from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz and the 5G (sub-6 GHz) band from 3.3 to 3.6 GHz simultaneously. By comparing the attained antennas with comparable antennas based on HWDs, it demonstrates a fact that, when fed properly, FWDs exhibit wider bandwidth than HWDs, and the available methods to improve the bandwidth of HWDs can also be used on FWDs.

Du, A, Pang, S, Huang, X, Zhang, J & Wu, Q 1970, 'Exploring Long-Short-Term Context For Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE, pp. 2755-2759.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Eslahi, H, Hamilton, TJ & Khandelwal, S 1970, 'Frequency Behaviour of FeFET-Based Ultra-Low-Power Coupled Oscillator Neurons', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Esselle, KP 1970, 'A Brief Overview of Antenna Technologies for Communications-On- The-Move Satellite Communication Mobile Terminals', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper serves as the introductory first presentation to the 2020 IEEE AP-S Industry-Focused Special Session on “Beam-Steerable Antenna Systems with High Gains for Mobile Satellite Terminals”. It presents a brief overview of established and emerging antenna technologies for Communication-On- The-Move (COTM) mobile satellite communication terminals and known or expected advantages and limitations of each technology.

Fan, Y, Bao, J, Wu, K & Li, H 1970, 'Ghost Image Due to mmWave Radar Interference: Experiment, Mitigation and Leverage', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Millimeter wave (mmWave) radar is becoming a major instrument for the ranging, Doppler and imaging of environment in various applications such as autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicles. As substantially more radar devices are employed in applications, the interference among different radar transceivers becomes a severe problem, which may bring substantial damages to the applications of radar. One of these impacts is the ghost image caused by the interference, which results in a fake target. In this paper, experiments are carried out to demonstrate the existence of ghost image, based on 77GHz mmWave automobile radar. Detailed analysis is carried out based on the experimental measurements for disclosing the mechanism of interference and the properties of the corresponding ghost image. The prominent features of ghost image include statistically narrow frequency spread, abnormal Doppler estimation and possible negative distance. Based on the these features, systematic approaches are introduced to mitigate the interference induced ghost images. Meanwhile, schemes are proposed to leverage the ghost images for localization and communications, instead of merely removing them.

Farahmandian, S & Hoang, DB 1970, 'A Policy-based Interaction Protocol between Software Defined Security Controller and Virtual Security Functions', 2020 4th Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet), 2020 4th Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet), IEEE, Lausanne, Switzerland.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cloud, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies have introduced a new era of cybersecurity threats and challenges. To protect cloud infrastructure, in our earlier work, we proposed Software Defined Security Service (SDS2) to tackle security challenges centered around a new policy-based interaction model. The security architecture consists of three main components: a Security Controller, Virtual Security Functions (VSF), and a Sec-Manage Protocol. However, the security architecture requires an agile and specific protocol to transfer interaction parameters and security messages between its components where OpenFlow considers mainly as network routing protocol. So, The Sec-Manage protocol has been designed specifically for obtaining policy-based interaction parameters among cloud entities between the security controller and its VSFs. This paper focuses on the design and the implementation of the Sec-Manage protocol and demonstrates its use in setting, monitoring, and conveying relevant policy-based interaction security parameters.

Farasat, M & Yang, Y 1970, 'Investigation of Radome Enclosed Antenna with Tilted Angles of 10° and 20° for Airborne Applications', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Electromagnetic windows, called as Radome, are used to shield the antenna system. Antenna being a part of every microwave system needs more protection, particularly for applications where environmental effects are worse. Radome acts as a supporting structure for critical terrestrial antenna systems, airborne radar systems, and submarine antenna systems. This work discusses the design considerations, and particularly, tilted angles of the radome and their impact on antenna performance. Antenna performance is simulated with radome at different angles. Radome power transmission characteristics are simulated over antenna scan angle range.

Feng, Q, Liao, S, Yang, Y, Che, W & Xue, Q 1970, 'Differentially Fed Package-Substrate Distributed Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Application', 2020 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), 2020 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ghosh, S, Gaona, D, Siwakoti, Y & Long, T 1970, 'Synchronous Combined Cuk-SEPIC Converter for Single Phase Transformerless Solar Inverter', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 3225-3231.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, a bidirectional power electronic converter based on the synchronous combined Cuk-SEPIC converter has been presented for single-phase transformerless solar power generation systems. The proposed topology completely eliminates the common-mode voltage, hence the common-mode current. The proposed converter generates a bipolar output with respect to the common ground; hence a simple half-bridge can be used for grid integration. The proposed synchronous operation allows significant reduction of the DC bus capacitance required for active power decoupling compared to the previously reported asynchronous operation. The converter operation, design, along with the simulation results are presented for a 1 kW prototype at 230 V, 50 Hz. Experimental results of the converter at full load with lagging, leading, and unity power factor conditions are reported as well.

Gong, Y, Li, Z, Zhang, J, Liu, W & Yi, J 1970, 'Potential Passenger Flow Prediction: A Novel Study for Urban Transportation Development', Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-20), Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), New York USA, pp. 4020-4027.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Recently, practical applications for passenger flow prediction have brought many benefits to urban transportation development. With the development of urbanization, a real-world demand from transportation managers is to construct a new metro station in one city area that never planned before. Authorities are interested in the picture of the future volume of commuters before constructing a new station, and estimate how would it affect other areas. In this paper, this specific problem is termed as potential passenger flow (PPF) prediction, which is a novel and important study connected with urban computing and intelligent transportation systems. For example, an accurate PPF predictor can provide invaluable knowledge to designers, such as the advice of station scales and influences on other areas, etc. To address this problem, we propose a multi-view localized correlation learning method. The core idea of our strategy is to learn the passenger flow correlations between the target areas and their localized areas with adaptive-weight. To improve the prediction accuracy, other domain knowledge is involved via a multi-view learning process. We conduct intensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our method with real-world official transportation datasets. The results demonstrate that our method can achieve excellent performance compared with other available baselines. Besides, our method can provide an effective solution to the cold-start problem in the recommender system as well, which proved by its outperformed experimental results.

Gong, Y, Li, Z, Zhang, J, Liu, W, Chen, B & Dong, X 1970, 'A Spatial Missing Value Imputation Method for Multi-view Urban Statistical Data', Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, pp. 1310-1316.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Large volumes of urban statistical data with multiple views imply rich knowledge about the development degree of cities. These data present crucial statistics which play an irreplaceable role in the regional analysis and urban computing. In reality, however, the statistical data divided into fine-grained regions usually suffer from missing data problems. Those missing values hide the useful information that may result in a distorted data analysis. Thus, in this paper, we propose a spatial missing data imputation method for multi-view urban statistical data. To address this problem, we exploit an improved spatial multi-kernel clustering method to guide the imputation process cooperating with an adaptive-weight non-negative matrix factorization strategy. Intensive experiments are conducted with other state-of-the-art approaches on six real-world urban statistical datasets. The results not only show the superiority of our method against other comparative methods on different datasets, but also represent a strong generalizability of our model.

Grover, H, Verma, A, Bhatti, TS & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Frequency Regulation Scheme Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator for an Isolated Microgrid', 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC), 2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Guo, K & Guo, Y 1970, 'Design and Analysis of a Linear Rotary Permanent Magnet Machine with E-Type Stator Structure', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Tianjin, China.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In order to meet the requirement of ocean energy power generation, a novel linear rotary permanent magnet machine (LRPMM) is proposed with E-type stator structure and interlaced poles. The adjacent interlaced PM poles in the circumferential direction are staggered half pole pitch in the axial direction. The optimization design of LRPMM is analyzed by analytical calculation method and 3-D finite element method (FEM), and the best optimization variable values are achieved. Compared with the results of the traditional topology analyzed by 3-D FEM, the electromagnetic characteristics are increased and the amplitudes of the cogging torque and detent force are reduced. An energy storage system of LRPMM is built, which can improve the effective utilization of wave energy and tidal energy.

Guo, K & Guo, Y 1970, 'Optimization Design of Parallel Double Stator and Outer Mover Linear Rotary Permanent Magnet Machine Used for Drilling Robot', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Tianjin, China.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In order to meet the requirement of the drilling robot, a parallel double stator and outer mover linear rotary permanent magnet machine is proposed, which combines an outer rotor vernier machine (ORVM) and a cylindrical outer rotor linear vernier machine (CORLVM) by using a special support mechanism. The electromagnetic and mechanical structure optimization design is analyzed by 3-D finite element method (FEM) in the paper, including the design of ORVM and CORLVM, the stress calculation of support mechanism and the loss calculation. Then the optimized values of structure parameters are obtained. Compared with the results of the initial topology analyzed by 3-D FEM, the torque and thrust are improved and the amplitudes of the cogging torque and detent force are reduced. The combined structure design has the advantages of two different motors, which can provide a reference for the research of this type of motor.

Habib Khan, MN, Siwakoti, Y, Li, L, Khan, SA & Blaabjerg, F 1970, 'Leakage Current Analysis of The HB-ZVSCR Transformerless Inverter for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Application', 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), IEEE, Nanjing, China, pp. 611-616.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents an analyses of the leakage current (icm) of a mid-point voltage clamping H-bridge zero voltage switch controlled rectifier (HB-ZVSCR) transformerless inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) application. The circuit is constructed to reduce the ground current through two freewheeling switches, and four bridge diodes. The leakage current (icm) flows through the parasitic capacitor (CPV ), which is generated between the Photovoltaic (PV) panel, and ground. This paper shows the icm characteristic in different condition for diverse CPV values. Further, the PLECS software simulation is shown with hardware implemented waveform for 1 kW rated power. Moreover, the measured icm values are presented in a tabular form at different parasitic capacitors and switching frequencies.

Habib Khan, MN, Siwakoti, YP, Scott, MJ, Ul Hasan, S, Shaffer, B, Li, L, Khan, SA & Blaabjerg, F 1970, 'A Common Ground-type Single-Phase Dual Mode Five-Level Switched-Capacitor Transformerless Inverter', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 436-441.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. This paper presents a novel dual mode five-level common ground type (5L-DM-CGT) transformerless inverter topology with a wide input range (200 V - 400 V). It consists of eight switches, one diode, two capacitors, and an LC filter at the output. The topology eliminates common mode (CM) leakage current by connecting the negative terminal of the photovoltaic (PV) directly to the neutral point of the grid, which bypasses the PV array's stray capacitance. Depending on the magnitude of the input voltage, the converter can operate in buck or boost mode to produce the same AC voltage output. The analysis shows the advantages of dual mode inverter for various industrial applications. MATLAB Simulink simulations and experimental results verify the concept of the proposed topology and control method.

Hassan, W, Hasan, R, Lu, DD-C & Xiao, W 1970, 'Design and Development of High Step-up DC-DC Converter to Realize High Efficiency and Reduced Voltage Stress', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hayat, T, Afzal, MU, Ahmed, F, Lalbakhsh, A & Esselle, KP 1970, '3D Printable Lightweight Porous Superstrate for Improved Radiation Performance of Antenna', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. The paper presents a 3D printable porous superstrate (PS) to enhance directive radiation performance of low to medium gain antennas. The PS design process is based on the theory of near-field phase correction. Transmission phase through PS is locally varied by changing sizes of perforations in different sections of the PS. The PS is designed for a resonant cavity antenna (RCA) using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. With PS the RCA aperture phase is relatively planar and its directivity in boresight direction is increased by 7.2 dB (14.8 dB to 22 dB) along with 8.2 dB reduction in side-lobe levels (SLL) and 31% increase in aperture efficiency.

Hayat, T, U.Afzal, M, Lalbakhsh, A, Ahmed, F & P.Esselle, K 1970, 'Comparative Analysis of Highly Transmitting Phase Correcting Structures for Electromagnetic Bandgap Resonator Antenna', 2020 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2020 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, Bucharest, Romania, pp. 1-4.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A comparative analysis of two phase correcting structures (PCSs) is presented for an electromagnetic-bandgap resonator antenna (ERA). PCSs are made out of two distinct high and low permittivity materials i.e. Rogers O3010 and polylactic acid (PLA), respectively. Design and performance analysis is based on superstrate height profile, side-lobe levels, antenna directivity, aperture efficiency, prototyping technique and cost. Insertion loss for both superstrates is greater than 0.1 dB, assuring the maximum transmission of the antenna's radiations through the PCSs. The presented study is based on full wave analysis used to integrate sections of superstrate with custom phase-delays, to attain nearly uniform phase at the output, resulting in improved radiation performance of antenna. The peak directivity of the ERA loaded with Rogers O3010 PCS has increased by 7.3 dB, which is 1.2 dB higher than that of PLA PCS. In addition, the height of the PCS made of Rogers is 71.3% smaller than the PLA PCS. However, the former will involve fabrication complexities related to machining compared to the latter which can be additively manufactured in single step.

Hemsley, B, Balandin, S, Dann, S, Gay, V, Josserand, E, Leong, T, Palmer, S & Skellern, K 1970, 'A device looking for a purpose and user-centred co-design: 3D food printing not yet delivering on expectations of benefit for people with swallowing disability.', SYMPOSIUM FOR SPACE NUTRITION AND FOOD ENGINEERING, SYMPOSIUM FOR SPACE NUTRITION AND FOOD ENGINEERING, Wuxi, China.

Huang, C, Jiang, S, Li, Y, Zhang, Z, Traish, J, Deng, C, Ferguson, S & Da Xu, RY 1970, 'End-to-end Dynamic Matching Network for Multi-view Multi-person 3D Pose Estimation', Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer International Publishing, Glasgow, UK, pp. 477-493.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

As an important computer vision task, 3d human pose estimation in a multi-camera, multi-person setting has received widespread attention and many interesting applications have been derived from it. Traditional approaches use a 3d pictorial structure model to handle this task. However, these models suffer from high computation costs and result in low accuracy in joint detection. Recently, especially since the introduction of Deep Neural Networks, one popular approach is to build a pipeline that involves three separate steps: (1) 2d skeleton detection in each camera view, (2) identification of matched 2d skeletons and (3) estimation of the 3d poses. Many existing works operate by feeding the 2d images and camera parameters through the three modules in a cascade fashion. However, all three operations can be highly correlated. For example, the 3d generation results may affect the results of detection in step 1, as does the matching algorithm in step 2. To address this phenomenon, we propose a novel end-to-end training scheme that brings the three separate modules into a single model. However, one outstanding problem of doing so is that the matching algorithm in step 2 appears to disjoint the pipeline. Therefore, we take our inspiration from the recent success in Capsule Networks, in which its Dynamic Routing step is also disjointed, but plays a crucial role in deciding how gradients are flowed from the upper to the lower layers. Similarly, a dynamic matching module in our work also decides the paths in which gradients flow from step 3 to step 1. Furthermore, as a large number of cameras are present, the existing matching algorithm either fails to deliver a robust performance or can be very inefficient. Thus, we additionally propose a novel matching algorithm that can match 2d poses from multiple views efficiently. The algorithm is robust and able to deal with situations of incomplete and false 2d detection as well.

Huang, H, Savkin, AV & Ni, W 1970, 'Decentralized Covert and Collaborative Radio Surveillance on a Group of Mobile Ground Nodes by a UAV Swarm', 2020 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2020 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Huang, W, Xu, RYD, Du, W, Zeng, Y & Zhao, Y 1970, 'Mean field theory for deep dropout networks: Digging up gradient backpropagation deeply', Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pp. 1215-1222.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In recent years, the mean field theory has been applied to the study of neural networks and has achieved a great deal of success. The theory has been applied to various neural network structures, including CNNs, RNNs, Residual networks, and Batch normalization. Inevitably, recent work has also covered the use of dropout. The mean field theory shows that the existence of depth scales that limit the maximum depth of signal propagation and gradient backpropagation. However, the gradient backpropagation is derived under the gradient independence assumption that weights used during feed forward are drawn independently from the ones used in backpropagation. This is not how neural networks are trained in a real setting. Instead, the same weights used in a feed-forward step needs to be carried over to its corresponding backpropagation. Using this realistic condition, we perform theoretical computation on linear dropout networks and a series of experiments on dropout networks with different activation functions. Our empirical results show an interesting phenomenon that the length gradients can backpropagate for a single input and a pair of inputs are governed by the same depth scale. Besides, we study the relationship between variance and mean of statistical metrics of the gradient and shown an emergence of universality. Finally, we investigate the maximum trainable length for deep dropout networks through a series of experiments using MNIST and CIFAR10 and provide a more precise empirical formula that describes the trainable length than original work.

Huang, X, Mei, G & Zhang, J 1970, 'Feature-metric Registration: A Fast Semi-supervised Approach for Robust Point Cloud Registration without Correspondences', Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp. 11363-11371.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

We present a fast feature-metric point cloud registration framework, whichenforces the optimisation of registration by minimising a feature-metricprojection error without correspondences. The advantage of the feature-metricprojection error is robust to noise, outliers and density difference incontrast to the geometric projection error. Besides, minimising thefeature-metric projection error does not need to search the correspondences sothat the optimisation speed is fast. The principle behind the proposed methodis that the feature difference is smallest if point clouds are aligned verywell. We train the proposed method in a semi-supervised or unsupervisedapproach, which requires limited or no registration label data. Experimentsdemonstrate our method obtains higher accuracy and robustness than thestate-of-the-art methods. Besides, experimental results show that the proposedmethod can handle significant noise and density difference, and solve bothsame-source and cross-source point cloud registration.

Huang, Z, Wang, L-W, Leung, FHF, Banerjee, S, Yang, D, Lee, T, Lyu, J, Ling, SH & Zheng, Y-P 1970, 'Bone Feature Segmentation in Ultrasound Spine Image with Robustness to Speckle and Regular Occlusion Noise', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 1566-1571.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

3D ultrasound imaging shows great promise for scoliosis diagnosis thanks toits low-costing, radiation-free and real-time characteristics. The key toaccessing scoliosis by ultrasound imaging is to accurately segment the bonearea and measure the scoliosis degree based on the symmetry of the bonefeatures. The ultrasound images tend to contain many speckles and regularocclusion noise which is difficult, tedious and time-consuming for experts tofind out the bony feature. In this paper, we propose a robust bone featuresegmentation method based on the U-net structure for ultrasound spine VolumeProjection Imaging (VPI) images. The proposed segmentation method introduces atotal variance loss to reduce the sensitivity of the model to small-scale andregular occlusion noise. The proposed approach improves 2.3% of Dice score and1% of AUC score as compared with the u-net model and shows high robustness tospeckle and regular occlusion noise.

Huang, Z, Wang, L-W, Leung, FHF, Banerjee, S, Yang, D, Lee, T, Lyu, J, Ling, SH & Zheng, Y-P 1970, 'Bone Feature Segmentation in Ultrasound Spine Image with Robustness to Speckle and Regular Occlusion Noise', 2020 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC), IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), IEEE, ELECTR NETWORK, pp. 1566-1571.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Huynh, NV, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Dutkiewicz, E & Mueck, M 1970, 'Defeating Smart and Reactive Jammers with Unlimited Power', 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Seoul.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Huynh, NV, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Dutkiewicz, E, Mueck, M & Srikanteswara, S 1970, 'Defeating Jamming Attacks with Ambient Backscatter Communications', 2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), IEEE, Hawaii.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ibrahim, IA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'LSTM Neural Network Model for Ultra-short-term Distribution Zone Substation Peak Demand Prediction', 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), IEEE, Quebec, Canada, pp. 1-5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The accurate prediction of the distribution load demand data is the corner stone of future planning of the power system networks and energy management strategies and policies. This paper presents a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks model to predict the distribution zone substation peak demand data in New South Wales state, Australia for 14 years and based on 15-minute intervals. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) models. Three statistical performance evaluation, namely, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The RMSE, MBE and MAPE of the LSTM neural network model are 1.2556%, 1.2201% and 2.2250%, respectively. In addition, the computational time is 12.3309 second which is faster than FFNNs and RNNs models. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed model over the aforementioned models in terms of accuracy and computational speed.

Inwumoh, J, Baguley, C & Gunawardane, K 1970, 'Intelligent Fault Localization for Meshed HVDC Transmission Systems', 2020 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2020 - Proceedings.
View description>>

Half-bridge Modular Multilevel Converters (HB-MMCs) enable the transmission of renewable energy from remote places to load centres with high levels of efficiency. Further, and relative to other MMC topologies, the HB-MMC is low in cost to implement. However, in cases where the severity of the fault increases beyond a given threshold, HB-MMCs could become blocked, which may lead to a grid collapse before the fault can be isolated. Therefore, an intelligent system is proposed to locate and isolate the exact fault path using Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM) and Squared Exponential Gaussian Process Regression (seGPR) algorithms. This allows for timely fault clearance and, for meshed systems, identification of alternative power flow paths to achieve fault ride-through. Thus, the continuous operation of the grid under a fault condition can be assured. Converter simulation, data analysis and fault estimation are presented using MATLAB/Simulink to show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Irshad, UB, Rafique, S, Hossain, MJ & Mukhopadhyay, SC 1970, 'Anti-Islanding Method for Houses Equipped with Electric Vehicles and Photovoltaic System', 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES), 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES), IEEE, pp. 397-401.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Integration of electric vehicles (EVs) are exponentially increasing in the global market and by enabling vehicle-to-grid (V2G) EVs can inject power back into the grid. However, in an event of unintentional islanding, injecting power into the grid may causes potential safety threats to people, equipment, and power system. This paper proposes an adaptive reactive power mismatch method to detect islanding events. When islanding occurs, the proposed method drifts the system frequency away from the nominal value. Then the islanding event is detected based on frequency variations. Results show that the proposed method effectively detects islanding event within 0.801 milliseconds and have negligible non-detection zone.

Irshad, UB, Rafique, S, Hossain, MJ & Mukhopadhyay, SC 1970, 'Novel Sizing Method of Energy Storage System Considering Intermittent Usage of EVs in a Constrained Grid', 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES), 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES), IEEE, pp. 219-223.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Charging of electric vehicles (EVs) significantly impact the reliability of the power system. A constrained power grid is a feasible solution to maintain the reliability of the power system. However, in a constrained power grid, it is challenging for the parking lot operator to balance the additional load. The fast and high-power density of batteries makes them a conceivable option for this task if adequately sized. A sizing algorithm is proposed to compute the battery capacity for parking lots while considering the intermittent usage of EVs in a constrained grid. Charging profile of EVs is constructed by considering travel pattern, charging need and driver's behaviour of EVs. The proposed sizing algorithm avoided over/under-sizing of the battery energy storage system and fulfilled the EV charging demand in the parking lot. The accuracy of the proposed battery sizing algorithm is shown by simulation results, characterized by real data of household travel survey and parking occupancy data.

Jauregi Unanue, I, Esmaili, N, Haffari, G & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Leveraging Discourse Rewards for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation', Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, International Committee on Computational Linguistics, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 4467-4482.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Keshavarz, R & Shariati, N 1970, 'Low Profile Metamaterial Band-Pass Filter Loaded with 4-Turn Complementary Spiral Resonator for WPT Applications', 2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), 2020 27th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), IEEE, UK.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, a very compact $(0.03\lambda_{\mathrm{g}}\times 0.18\lambda_{\mathrm{g}})$ and low insertion loss (<0.4 dB) metamaterial band-pass filter (MBPF) at the center frequency of f0=730 MHz is proposed, based on the rectangular-shape 4-turn complementary spiral resonators (4-CSR). The proposed MBPF consists of an interdigital capacitor as a series capacitance in the top layer, leading to improve the stopband performance in the pass-band range of 700760 MHz, which makes it suitable for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems by rejecting unwanted signals. In order to validate the performance of the proposed technique, the MBPF is fabricated on the RO-4003 substrate and great agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results. The stop-band attenuations of greater than 52 dB and 20 dB are obtained around the 0.8×fcl(lower cutoff frequency) and 1.2×fcu(upper cutoff frequency), respectively.

Keshavarz, R, Miyanaga, Y, Yamamoto, M, Hikage, T & Shariati, N 1970, 'Metamaterial-Inspired Quad-Band Notch Filter for LTE Band Receivers and WPT Applications', 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science, 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Khan, MNH, Siwakoti, YP, Li, L, Khan, SA & Blaabjerg, F 1970, 'Model Predictive Control of Seven-Level Single-Phase Boost Inverter without weighting factor for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Applications', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 3238-3243.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a switched-capacitor integrated 7-level boost inverter for single-phase photovoltaic (PV) applications and its associated control scheme. It consists of three switched capacitors and eleven active switching elements. A boost converter at the front side helps to maintain the capacitor voltage balance during the operation modes. This topology does not require any control scheme to balance the switched capacitors at the DC-bus due to its inherent voltage balancing capability. Thus, it reduces the control complexity. The proposed structure has the capability to integrate low and varying voltage sources such as PV and consequently, reduces the number of components, required input voltage, and control complexity. Finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) algorithm is used to control the proposed inverter. Thermal analysis of the proposed topology is presented for loss calculation of each power devices. Finally, detailed analysis followed by simulation and measurement results is presented at the end.

Khan, SA, Guo, Y, Khan, MNH, Siwakoti, Y, Zhu, J & Blaabjerg, F 1970, 'A novel single source three phase seven-level inverter topology for grid-tied photovoltaic application', 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Khan, SA, Noman Habib Khan, M, Guo, Y, Siwakoti, YP & Zhu, J 1970, 'A novel five-level switched capacitor type inverter topology for grid-tied photovoltaic application', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a novel five-level inverter topology and associated control scheme. The proposed structure consists of a capacitor and eight active switching elements. It requires only one dc source and is capable of generating five voltage levels with double voltage boosting gain. On the other hand, it does not require any control scheme to balance the capacitor in the DC-bus due to inherent voltage balancing capability. As a result, the control complexity reduces a lot. Brief analysis followed by simulation and measurement results of a proposed 5-level inverter using the finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) algorithm is presented. Detail of the analysis with more measurement result and comparison will be presented in the final paper.

Khoa, TV, Saputra, YM, Hoang, DT, Trung, NL, Nguyen, D, Ha, NV & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Collaborative Learning Model for Cyberattack Detection Systems in IoT Industry 4.0', 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Seoul.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Kieu, T-B, Pham, SB, Phan, X-H & Piccardi, M 1970, 'A Submodular Approach for Reference Recommendation', Communications in Computer and Information Science, International Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics, Springer Singapore, Hanoi, Vietnam, pp. 3-14.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Choosing appropriate references for a given topic is an important, yet challenging task. The pool of potential candidates is typically very large, in the order of tens of thousands, and growing by the day. For this reason, this paper proposes an approach for automatically providing a reference list for a given manuscript. The approach is based on an original submodular inference function which balances relevance, coverage and diversity in the reference list. Experiments are carried out using an ACL corpus as a source for the references and evaluated by MAP, MRR and precision-recall. The results show the remarkable comparative performance of the proposed approach.

Kiran, MR, Farrok, O, Islam, MR, Zhu, J, Kouzani, AZ & Mahmud, MAP 1970, 'Characterization of a High Frequency Transformer with HTS Winding and Amorphous Magnetic Core for Power Converter Application', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Power converter with high frequency transformers (HFTs) are being widely used in the field of electric vehicle, switching mode power supply, renewable energy sectors including oceanic wave energy converter and so on. This paper proposes an improved compact design of a 4.75 kW, 100 kHz superconducting HFT that would offer size minimization facilities of power converters. Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) material-based superconductor is used for maximum power transfer analysis. The proposed superconducting winding is compact which would minimize the thermal limitation and proximity effect. The proposed HFT is characterized for using the conventional and advanced magnetic materials with gapped and ungapped structures. Gapped toroidal core structure of HFT offers improved capability of withstanding de bias magnetizing current which occurs in many cases including isolation. Simulation results show the comparison of magnetic flux density, core loss, and power including air gap effect. YBCO windings based HFT contributes to transfer approximately 11.76% more power compared to that of using the copper winding.

Koli, NY, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP & Islam, MZ 1970, 'Comparison Between Fully and Partially Filled Dielectric Materials on the Waveguide of Circularly Polarised Radial Line Slot Array Antennas', 2020 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2020 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, Bucharest, Romania.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents an investigation on the waveguide of circularly polarised radial line slot array (RLSA) antennas to improve gain and radiation bandwidth. Two circularly polarised (CP) RLSA antennas were designed with two different waveguide configurations. In the first configuration the waveguide is fully filled with dielectric materials and in the second configuration the waveguide is partially filled with dielectric materials and rest of the waveguide is filled with air. Numerical results of these two CP-RLSA antennas with two different waveguide configurations are presented and compared. Significant improvements have been made in the 3-dB directivity bandwidth and aperture efficiency of the antenna having waveguide partially filled with dielectric material. The 3-dB directivity bandwidth was measured 6.2% and aperture efficiency increased to 55.5%. The CP-RLSA antenna has also achieved a peak directivity of 31.7 dBic and a gain of 31.2 dBic as compared to the directivity 30.1 dBic and gain 29.5 dBic, respectively achieved with the CP-RLSA antenna having waveguide fully filled with dielectric material.

Koli, NY, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP, Hashmi, RM & Islam, MZ 1970, 'A Beam Squinted Linearly Polarised Radial Line Slot Array Antenna with Improved Return Loss Bandwidth', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Koli, NY, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP, Hashmi, RM & Islam, MZ 1970, 'A Low-profile and Efficient Front-End Antenna for Point-to-Point Wireless Communication Links', 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, Copenhagen, Denmark.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper investigates the design and performance of an efficient, medium-gain, front-end antenna of the type of radial line slot array (RLSA), for wireless communication systems. The antenna consists of two conducting metal plates forming a radial waveguide. The top plate is composed of six rings of radiating slots in a spiral pattern. A single coaxial connector is used to feed the electromagnetic energy from the bottom of the radial waveguide. The antenna has a radius of 0.15 m and operating at a frequency of 12 GHz. It was simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio 2019 and the results show that the antenna has an acceptable level of impedance matching in the frequency range from 11 GHz to 13 GHz, with a peak directivity of 25.6 dBi and a peak realized gain of 25 dBic at 12 GHz. Its radiation efficiency is 96% and a total efficiency is 85.3% at 12 GHz.

Koli, NY, Afzal, MU, Esselle, KP, Hashmi, RM, Islam, MZ & Shrestha, S 1970, 'A Double Layer Circularly Polarised Radial Line Slot Array Antenna with Uniform Aperture Illumination', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we have designed and investigated a double layer circularly polarised radial line slot array (RLSA) antenna for satellite communication. The antenna is composed of twofold radial waveguide with slots acting as radiating elements on its surface. The radiating slots are arranged in a spiral pattern on the antenna aperture. Every slot has a particular length and position. The slots are oriented in a way to intercept the radial currents on the upper waveguide. The slot lengths were varied to achieve a uniform aperture distribution. The electromagnetic power is fed from center of the lower waveguide. Numerical results show that the antenna is well matched within the operating frequency range. The far-field results indicate a peak directivity of 27 dBi at 20 GHz with a good pattern quality and lower side lobe level of -27.2 dB.

Kovaleva, M, Bulger, D & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Towards Demand-Driven Optimization Algorithms in Electromagnetic Engineering (Invited Paper)', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 95-96.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

With the increasing popularity of optimization algorithms in electromagnetic engineering, it is clear that mixed-variable design problems prevail. This paper shows that the Cross-Entropy (CE) optimization method is intrinsically versatile to handle these and other types of problems. We provide implementation details of two antenna examples optimized by the CE method to demonstrate its elegance and efficiency.

Le, AT, Tran, LC, Huang, X, Ritz, C, Dutkiewicz, E, Bouzerdoum, A & Franklin, DR 1970, 'Hybrid TOA/AOA Localization with 1D Angle Estimation in UAV-assisted WSN.', ICSPCS, 2020 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are considered as a great solution for a flexible and rapid deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in emergency scenarios. Hybrid time-of-arrival (TOA) and angle-of-arrival (AOA) localization is widely used to estimate agents’ positions in WSN. Conventional TOA/AOA localization methods normally require both elevation and azimuth AOA estimations to estimate agents’ positions, leading to complicated L-shape antenna arrays and power-thirsty two-dimensional signal processing at the agents. We propose a hybrid TOA/1AOA localization approach which only requires elevation AOA estimations to combine with TOA measurements. A weighted least square algorithm is proposed to solve the non-linear problem. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional approach under various scenarios. Simulation results show that, by adjusting different parameters such as transmit power, signal bandwidth, and the number of anchors, the proposed method outperforms the conventional counterpart while significantly reduces the complexity of the agents.

Li, M, Yang, Y, Zhang, Y, Iacopi, F, Ram, S & Nulman, J 1970, 'A Fully Integrated Conductive and Dielectric Additive Manufacturing Technology for Microwave Circuits and Antennas', 2020 50TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE (EUMC), 15th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC) / 50th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), IEEE, ELECTR NETWORK.

Li, M, Yang, Y, Zhang, Y, Iacopi, F, Ram, S & Nulman, J 1970, 'A Fully Integrated Conductive and Dielectric Additive Manufacturing Technology for Microwave Circuits and Antennas', 2020 50TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE (EUMC), 15th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC) / 50th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), IEEE, ELECTR NETWORK, pp. 392-395.

Li, S, Liao, S, Yang, Y, Che, W & Xue, Q 1970, 'A Low-Profile Sequential Rotation-Fed Circularly Polarized Annular Aperture Antenna Array for Earth Coverage Applications', 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Li, Y, Li, K, Jiang, S, Zhang, Z, Huang, C & Da Xu, RY 1970, 'Geometry-driven self-supervised method for 3D human pose estimation', AAAI 2020 - 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 11442-11449.
View description>>

The neural network based approach for 3D human pose estimation from monocular images has attracted growing interest. However, annotating 3D poses is a labor-intensive and expensive process. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised approach to avoid the need of manual annotations. Different from existing weakly/self-supervised methods that require extra unpaired 3D ground-truth data to alleviate the depth ambiguity problem, our method trains the network only relying on geometric knowledge without any additional 3D pose annotations. The proposed method follows the two-stage pipeline: 2D pose estimation and 2D-to-3D pose lifting. We design the transform re-projection loss that is an effective way to explore multi-view consistency for training the 2D-to-3D lifting network. Besides, we adopt the confidences of 2D joints to integrate losses from different views to alleviate the influence of noises caused by the self-occlusion problem. Finally, we design a two-branch training architecture, which helps to preserve the scale information of re-projected 2D poses during training, resulting in accurate 3D pose predictions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on two popular 3D human pose datasets, Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP. The results show that our method significantly outperforms recent weakly/self-supervised approaches.

Li, Y, Li, Y, Liu, C, Zhu, L, Zhu, J & Lei, G 1970, 'Numerical Calculation for Power Transformer Vibration Based on Dynamic Magnetostriction Model', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Li, Z, Zhang, J, Gong, Y, Yao, Y & Wu, Q 1970, 'Field-wise learning for multi-field categorical data', Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, On-line.
View description>>

We propose a new method for learning with multi-field categorical data. Multi-field categorical data are usually collected over many heterogeneous groups. These groups can reflect in the categories under a field. The existing methods try to learn a universal model that fits all data, which is challenging and inevitably results in learning a complex model. In contrast, we propose a field-wise learning method leveraging the natural structure of data to learn simple yet efficient one-to-one field-focused models with appropriate constraints. In doing this, the models can be fitted to each category and thus can better capture the underlying differences in data. We present a model that utilizes linear models with variance and low-rank constraints, to help it generalize better and reduce the number of parameters. The model is also interpretable in a field-wise manner. As the dimensionality of multi-field categorical data can be very high, the models applied to such data are mostly over-parameterized. Our theoretical analysis can potentially explain the effect of over-parametrization on the generalization of our model. It also supports the variance constraints in the learning objective. The experiment results on two large-scale datasets show the superior performance of our model, the trend of the generalization error bound, and the interpretability of learning outcomes. Our code is available at https://github.com/lzb5600/Field-wise-Learning.

Lian, J-W, Ban, Y-L, Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Uniplanar 2-D Butler Matrix for Multibeam Arrays', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A 2-D Butler matrix (BM) in uniplanar configuration for designing multibeam array antenna (MAA) is proposed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Firstly, a novel topology for building uniplanar 2D BM is proposed, which successfully transforms the traditional 3-D topology to a 2-D (or uniplanar) one. To realize the planarization of basic components, a novel design of eight-port hybrid couplers, is developed to transform four spatially intersected couplers to a planar structure. To address the issue of excessive path intersections, a novel SIW eight-port crossover is proposed to reduce the number of path intersections from 16 to merely 4. Using this proposed 2-D BM, a 2-D MAA with 16 (4 × 4) beams can be realized.

Lin, S, Liao, S, Yang, Y, Xue, Q & Che, W 1970, 'High Gain Low-Profile Omnidirectional Yagi-Uda Array Antenna', 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lin, W, Ziolkowski, RW, Ahmad, WA, Yang, Y, Yuan, L, Ng, HJ, Wang, Y & Kissinger, D 1970, '320 GHz On-Chip Circularly-Polarized Antenna Array Realized with 0.13 μm BiCMOS Technology', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 1467-1468.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A 320 GHz on-chip circularly-polarized (CP) antenna array that has been facilitated with 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented. It is the first designed and prototyped THz-band on-chip antenna array with circular polarization and high directivity. The antenna is realized by designing a 4 \times 4 microstrip-fed CP patch antenna array inside the silicon dioxide layer on top of a silicon base. A sequential phase rotation scheme is applied to the four 2 \times 2 subarrays to achieve wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (8.7 GHz). The antenna array was successfully prototyped in a 3.6\times 3.6 mm2 area on a silicon wafer. Consequently, it easily combined with other integrated circuit (IC) components. The developed THz on-chip CP antenna is highly desired for the emerging ultra-high speed wireless applications.

Lin, Z, Lv, T, Zhang, JA & Liu, RP 1970, 'Tensor-based High-Accuracy Position Estimation for 5G mmWave Massive MIMO Systems', ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Highly accurate localization is important for wire-less communications. In this paper, we propose a new tensor-based positioning method for 5G wideband mmWave massive MIMO systems. We first develop an extended multidimensional interpolation (E-MI)-based method as the preprocessing step to suppress the frequency-dependence of the array steering vectors. By using this method, the data across the whole frequency band can be processed jointly, and the high temporal resolution offered by wideband mmWave signals can be exploited. Then, we propose a parameter decoupling (PD)-based tensor multiparameter estimation algorithm. This algorithm can suppress the noises in all of temporal, spatial and frequency domains, and thus all the parameters can be precisely estimated. A simplified perturbation term (S-PT)-based method is also presented to match the estimated parameters at low complexity. Based on the quasi-optical property of mmWave signals, we propose a novel method to compute the 3D coordinates of the target. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed positioning method in the end.

Liu, B, Shan, X, Zhu, J, Chen, C, Liu, Y, Wang, F & McGloin, D 1970, 'Self-optimizing ghost imaging with a genetic algorithm', 14th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO PR 2020), Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim, Optica Publishing Group, ELECTR NETWORK, pp. 1-2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

To simplify the reconstruction algorithms in ghost imaging, we present a feedback-based approach to reduce reconstruction times. We introduce a genetic algorithm to optimize the illumination patterns in real-time to match with the object’s shape.

Liu, J, Zhang, JA, Xu, R, Pearce, A, Ni, W & Hedley, M 1970, 'Gaussian Mixture Model based Convolutional Sparse Coding for Radar Heartbeat Detection', 2020 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2020 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Accurate detection of heartbeat through radar has many potential applications in, e.g., security and health. However, it is generally challenging to obtain clear heart-beat signature, due to its weak signal and relatively large interference caused by, e.g., body and respiration movement. In this paper, we propose an advanced algorithm based on convolutional sparse coding (CSC) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for suppressing the interference and extracting clear heartbeat signals. In this study, heartbeat signals are modelled by CSC and recovered by exploiting the sparsity of the signal. GMM is introduced to model the unknown noise, which could be a mixture from multiple noise/interference sources. The parameters of GMM, dictionary and codes are computed via the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. To achieve faster processing, convolution computing is proposed to be processed in the frequency domain. The proposed method is tested and validated by simulation and experiments. The results show that our proposed algorithm can accurately extract the heartbeat components.

Liu, L, Guo, Y, Lei, G, Zhu, J & Jin, J 1970, 'Power Loss Analysis of High Speed Permanent Magnet Machine', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, China, pp. 1-2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Concerns about advantages such as high efficiency, high power density, small size, light weight, and fast dynamic response have contributed to the increasing industrial application of high speed permanent magnet machines (HSPMMs). Aiming at the complex power loss situations due to high operating speed and frequency, in this paper, the calculation models of HSPMM in terms of iron loss and copper loss are reviewed based on the thoroughly overview of previous research outcomes. Moreover, the research status and future directions about HSPMM power loss analysis are illustrated, which may provide a strong reference for the design and optimization of electrical drive systems with HSPMMs.

Liu, Y, Wang, F, Lu, H, Wen, S, Chen, C, Shan, X, Fang, G & Jin, D 1970, 'Deep tissue super-resolution microscopy mapping single nanoparticles inside multicellular spheroids', Enhanced Spectroscopies and Nanoimaging 2020, Enhanced Spectroscopies and Nanoimaging 2020, SPIE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Organoid, an in vitro model to study cell behaviours in a living organism, holds great potential for human cellular biology study, especially in disease pathology, drug delivery and drug efficacy trials. However, it remains challenging to track subcellular features inside organoid, as organoid are clusters of high-density cells that highly scatters and absorbs both excitation and emission light. Here we report a strategy on nanoscopy that applying “non-diffractive” beam and near-infrared imaging probe to minimize the light scattering and absorption inside scattering bio-tissue. Using a single Bessel-doughnut beam excitation from a 980nm diode laser and detecting at 800nm, we achieved a near-infrared, “non-diffractive” nanoscopy with high resolution under-diffractive limit in water solution. We further demonstrate that this method can image single upconversion nanoparticles inside spheroids, as deep as half-100µm, with resolution of 113nm. This method provides simple solution to inspect inter-and intra-cellular trafficking and drug release of single nanoparticles in 3D biological systems.

Liu, Y, Yang, S, Han, C, Ni, W & Zhu, Y 1970, 'Variability in Regional Ecological Vulnerability: A Case Study of Sichuan Province, China', International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 696-708.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractRapid urbanization and natural hazards are posing threats to local ecological processes and ecosystem services worldwide. Using land use, socioeconomic, and natural hazards data, we conducted an assessment of the ecological vulnerability of prefectures in Sichuan Province for the years 2005, 2010, and 2015 to capture variations in its capacity to modulate in response to disturbances and to explore potential factors driving these variations. We selected five landscape metrics and two topological indicators for the proposed ecological vulnerability index (EVI), and constructed the EVI using a principal component analysis-based entropy method. A series of correlation analyses were subsequently performed to identify the factors driving variations in ecological vulnerability. The results show that: (1) for each of the study years, prefectures with high ecological vulnerability were located mainly in southern and eastern Sichuan, whereas prefectures in central and western Sichuan were of relatively low ecological vulnerability; (2) Sichuan’s ecological vulnerability increased significantly (p = 0.011) during 2005–2010; (3) anthropogenic activities were the main factors driving variations in ecological vulnerability. These findings provide a scientific basis for implementing ecological protection and restoration in Sichuan as well as guidelines for achieving integrated disaster risk reduction.

Lyu, B, Hoang, DT, Gong, S & Yang, Z 1970, 'Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Wireless Powered Communication Networks', 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), IEEE, Seoul, Korea (South), pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we propose to use an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in a wireless powered communication network to boost both downlink energy transfer (ET) and uplink information transmission (IT) efficiency, where the IRS consisting of a large number of low-cost passive reflecting elements is deployed between a hybrid access point (HAP) and multiple wireless-powered users. In particular, all passive reflecting elements collaboratively adjust their phase shifts to first construct beamforming for ET from the HAP to all users and then provide additional transmission links for IT from the users to the HAP. Then, we formulate a sum-rate maximization problem by jointly optimizing the time scheduling for network, the phase shift matrix for ET, and the phase shift matrices for all users' IT. Since the formulated problem is non-convex, we first design the phase shift matrices for IT independently by exploiting the characteristics of IT and obtain an approximate solution by using the semidefinite relaxation technique and the Gaussian randomization method. After that, we propose a block coordinated decent based algorithm to solve the simplified problem by iteratively optimizing the time scheduling and the ET's phase shift matrix, the convergence of which is further analyzed. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme can achieve up to 350% sum- rate gain compared to the benchmarks.

Makhdoom, I, Tofigh, F, Zhou, I, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 1970, 'PLEDGE: A Proof-of-Honesty based Consensus Protocol for Blockchain-based IoT Systems', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), IEEE, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 1-3.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Exhibition of malicious behavior during blockchain consensus, threats against reputation systems, and high TX latency are significant issues for blockchain-based IoT systems. Hence, to mitigate such challenges we propose 'Pledge', a unique Proof-of-Honesty based consensus protocol. Initial experimentation shows that Pledge is economical with low computations and communications complexity and low latency in transaction confirmation.

Makhdoom, I, Tofigh, F, Zhou, I, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 1970, 'PLEDGE: An IoT-oriented Proof-of-Honesty based Blockchain Consensus Protocol', 2020 IEEE 45th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), 2020 IEEE 45th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), IEEE, Australia, pp. 54-64.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The existing lottery-based consensus algorithms, such as Proof-of-Work, and Proof-of-Stake, are mostly used for blockchain-based financial technology applications. Similarly, the Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithms do provide consensus finality, yet they are either communications intensive, vulnerable to Denial-of-Service attacks, poorly scalable, or have a low faulty node tolerance level. Moreover, these algorithms are not designed for the Internet of Things systems that require near-real-time transaction confirmation, maximum fault tolerance, and appropriate transaction validation rules. Hence, we propose 'Pledge, 'a unique Proof-of-Honesty based consensus protocol to reduce the possibility of malicious behavior during blockchain consensus. Pledge also introduces the Internet of Things centric transaction validation rules. Initial experimentation shows that Pledge is economical and secure with low communications complexity and low latency in transaction confirmation.

Marsh, L, Cochrane, M, Lodge, R, Sims, B, Traish, J & Xu, R 1970, 'Autonomous Target Allocation Recommendations', 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), IEEE, Australia, pp. 1403-1410.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

We consider the problem of land vehicles under attack from a number of unmanned aerial systems. As the number of unmanned aerial systems increase, it may become difficult for human operators to coordinate actions across vehicles in a timely manner. In this paper, we study a number of algorithms designed to recommend actions to operators that will maximise the survivability of the vehicle fleet. We present a comparison of several assignment approaches including evolutionary strategies, genetic algorithms, multi-armed bandits, probability trees and basic heuristics. The performance of these algorithms is analysed across six different simulated scenarios. Our findings indicate that while there was no single best approach, Evolution Strategies, Ensemble and Genetic Algorithms were the strongest performers. It was also seen that a number of heuristic algorithms and the multi-armed bandits approach offered reliable performance in a number of scenarios without the need for any training.

Mohamadzade, B, Simorangkir, RBVB, Hashmi, RM & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A Low Profile, UWB Circular Patch Antenna with Monopole-Like Radiation Characteristics', 2020 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2020 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, Bucharest, Romania.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

a simple ultra-wideband antenna with monopolelike radiation pattern is presented in this paper. The structure of this low profile antenna with height of the 7 mm (0.65 ;min) is based on annular-ring circular patch. To improve the antenna's bandwidth, the main annular-ring circular patch is loaded with two concentric rings and two rectangular slots. The result shows the antenna achieves a 10 dB return loss bandwidth from 2.85 GHz to 8.6 GHz. The monopole-like radiation pattern is maintained throughout the frequency bands by combining four propagation modes of TM01, TM02, and TM03.

More, FJ, Chaczko, Z & Kulbacka, J 1970, 'Early Detection of Coronary Artery Diseases Using Endocrine Markers', Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Springer International Publishing, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 593-601.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the well developed and developing countries of the 21st century and has a higher rate of mortality and morbidity. Dysfunction of the pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid glands caused cardio/cardiovascular diseases including changes in blood pressure, contractility of myocardium - systolic and diastolic myocardial functions, endothelial and dyslipidemia. Dysfunction of thyroid, parathyroid and adrenocorticotropic hormones caused imbalance of endocrine system such as hyper and hypo function, effects on pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system.

Naing, HMS, Hidayat, R, Hartanto, R & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A Front-End Technique for Automatic Noisy Speech Recognition', 2020 23rd Conference of the Oriental COCOSDA International Committee for the Co-ordination and Standardisation of Speech Databases and Assessment Techniques (O-COCOSDA), 2020 23rd Conference of the Oriental COCOSDA International Committee for the Co-ordination and Standardisation of Speech Databases and Assessment Techniques (O-COCOSDA), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Nawazish Ali, SM, Hossain, MJ, Sharma, V & Kashif, M 1970, 'Tri-Objective LPV Controller Design for the Thermal Management of Motor Drive Parameters in an Electric Vehicle', 2020 IEEE Green Technologies Conference(GreenTech), 2020 IEEE Green Technologies Conference(GreenTech), IEEE, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, pp. 86-91.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The increase in consumption of fossil fuels in transportation sector causes global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles (EVs) provide an alternate solution to this combustion of fossil fuels. They use traction motor drives (mostly induction type) instead of combustion engines, but these drives suffer from parameter (stator, rotor resistance and mutual inductance) variations that result in the deterioration of drive as well as vehicular performance. The increase in the ambient and operating temperatures experienced by EV in its desired driving cycle is the major cause of such parameter variations. This paper proposes a tri-objective linear parameter varying (LPV) controller and observer design that allows these variations without affecting the performance of motor drive and vehicle. The controller design incorporates the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee the inherent system stability and L2 gain bound. The performance of LPV controller is compared with that of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in case of motor drive and vehicular dynamics. The MATLABbased nonlinear simulations are carried out and the results are presented in terms of driveś terminal characteristics and highway fuel economy test (HWFET) drive cycle. These results ensure the excellent robust performance of the proposed control technique.

Neira, S, Poblete, P, Cuzmar, R, Pereda, J & Aguilera, RP 1970, 'Sequential Phase-Shifted Model Predictive Control for a Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage', 2020 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2020 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), IEEE, Dubrovnik, Croatia, pp. 29-34.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cascaded converters have risen as a suitable solution for the connection of Utility-scale Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to the grid. These converters allow to split the battery array into the power modules, reducing the total series-connected battery cells and improving the reliability of the system. Different types of modules have been proposed to integrate the batteries in the converter. The three-port full-bridge module connects the batteries through a second deport decoupled from the harmful low-frequency oscillations and current peaks. However, the multi-variable controller required to manage the power interaction between the battery and the grid presents a challenge in terms of computational burden and scalability. This work proposes the use of the Sequential Phase-Shifted Model Predictive Control (PS-MPC) in a multilevel BESS implementation using three-port full-bridge modules. The proposed controller outperforms a standard FCS-MPC, as it obtains the optimal duty cycles for the operation of the converter with the same fast dynamic response, but also with the fixed spectrum of the PS-PWM and low computational burden, which facilitates its scalability to multilevel BESS with a large number of cells. Simulation results show the ability of the system to exchange different amounts of power with the grid, ensuring the best battery operational conditions.

Ngo, CQ, Chai, R, Jones, TW & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Electroencephalogram Reactivity to Hyperglycemia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes', 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society, IEEE, Canada, pp. 5224-5227.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper is concerned with a study of hyperglycemia on four patients with type 1 diabetes at night time. We investigated the association between hyperglycemic episodes and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using data from the central and occipital areas. The power spectral density of the brain waves was estimated to compare the difference between hyperglycemia and euglycemia using the hyperglycemic threshold of 8.3 mmol/L. The statistical results showed that alpha and beta bands were more sensitive to hyperglycemic episodes than delta and theta bands. During hyperglycemia, whereas the alpha power increased significantly in the occipital lobe (P<0.005), the power of the beta band increased significantly in all observed channels (P<0.01). Using the Pearson correlation, we assessed the relationship between EEG signals and glycemic episodes. The estimated EEG power levels of the alpha band and the beta band produced a significant correlation against blood glucose levels (P<0.005). These preliminary results show the potential of using EEG signals as a biomarker to detect hyperglycemia.

Nguyen, C & Hoang, D 1970, 'Software-Defined Virtual Sensors for Provisioning IoT Services on Demand', 2020 5th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS), 2020 5th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS), IEEE, Shanghai, China.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Internet of Things (IoT) has been increasingly developed to provide essential IoT services ranging from personal health, smart homes to smart cities, and critical infrastructures. Sensor/IoT devices are indispensable elements in these systems/services. However, they are too rigid to permit reconfiguration for changes after their implementation. This makes it difficult to provision IoT services on demand and causes inefficient utilization of resources. Software-defined networking (SDN) and Network function virtualization (NFV) are emerging solutions to the programmability of network functions. Provisioning IoT services on demand is a natural utilization of programmability. Inspired by the benefits of SDN-NFV programmability, this paper proposes a softwaredefined virtual sensor (SDVS) that enables the programmability of IoT devices in accordance with IoT applications on demand. The paper presents the design and implementation of the proposed SDVS and demonstrates its use in an on-demand IoT services scenario.

Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Pham, H-A, Tuong, NH & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Blockchain and Stackelberg Game Model for Roaming Fraud Prevention and Profit Maximization', 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Seoul.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Nguyen, D-A, Tran, X-T, Dang, KN & Iacopi, F 1970, 'A lightweight Max-Pooling method and architecture for Deep Spiking Convolutional Neural Networks', 2020 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), 2020 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Nguyen, HAD, Nguyen, LV & Ha, QP 1970, 'IoT-enabled Dependable Co-located Low-cost Sensing for Construction Site Monitoring', Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Kitakyushu, Japan, pp. 616-624.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper proposes an IoT-enabled network of low-cost sensors that are co-located for construction site monitoring. The network performance enhancement is achieved via its system dependability in terms of improved availability, integrity, reliability, maintainability, security and safety in real-time monitoring of environment parameters. The sensor motes of various sensing modules form a reliable wireless in-situ cluster for gathering on-site information of air temperature, soil moisture, air pressure, humidity, particulate matters (PM), emissions and weather variables. They are useful for the site management, improving safety and effective operation of construction equipment. The components for the development include inexpensive microcontrollers ESP32 embedded with wireless gateway function and energy-efficient motes featuring cost-effective sensors. Here, the adoption of the dependability concept for collocated sensor motes aims to introduce a level of redundancy to allow for improving fault-tolerance and reliability. Extensive field tests have been conducted in different environments. Experimental results as well as statistical analysis are provided to verify the merits of the proposed approach.

Nguyen, N-T, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Van Huynh, N, Nguyen, H-N, Nguyen, QT & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Energy Trading and Time Scheduling for Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Low-Power IoT Networks', GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, an economic model is proposed to jointly optimize profits for participants in a heterogeneous IoT wireless-powered backscatter communication network. In the network under considerations, a power beacon and IoT devices (with various communication types and energy constraints) are assumed to belong to different service providers, i.e., energy service provider (ESP) and IoT service provider (ISP), respectively. To jointly maximize the utility for both service providers in terms of energy efficiency and network throughput, a Stackelberg game model is proposed to study the strategic interaction between the ISP and ESP. In particular, the ISP first evaluates its benefits from providing IoT services to its customers and then sends its requested price together with the service time to the ESP. Based on the request from the ISP, the ESP offers an optimized transmission power that maximizes its utility while meeting energy demands of the ISP. To study the Stackelberg equilibrium, we first obtain a closed-form solution for the ESP and propose a low-complexity iterative method based on block coordinate descent (BCD) to address the non-convex optimization problem for the ISP. Through simulation results, we show that our approach can significantly improve the profits for both providers compared with those of conventional transmission methods, e.g., bistatic backscatter and harvest-then-transmit communication methods.

Nguyen, TG, Phan, TV, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, TN & So-In, C 1970, 'Efficient SDN-Based Traffic Monitoring in IoT Networks with Double Deep Q-Network', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Computational Data and Social Networks, Springer International Publishing, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 26-38.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In an Internet of Things (IoT) environment, network traffic monitoring tasks are intractable to achieve due to various IoT traffic types. Recently, the development of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables outstanding flexibility and scalability abilities in network control and management, thereby providing a potential approach to mitigate challenges in monitoring the IoT traffic. In this paper, we propose an IoT traffic monitoring approach that implements deep reinforcement learning technique to maximize the fine-grained monitoring capability, i.e., level of traffic statistics details, for several IoT traffic groups. Specifically, we first study a flow-rule matching control system constrained by different expected levels of statistics details and by the flow-table limit of the SDN-based gateway device. We then formulate our control optimization problem by employing the Markov decision process (MDP). Afterwards, we develop Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) algorithm to quickly obtain the optimal flow-rule matching control policy. Through the extensive experiments, the obtained results verify that the proposed approach yields outstanding improvements in terms of the ability to simultaneously provide different required degrees of statistics details while protecting the gateway devices from being overflowed in comparisons with those of the conventional Q-learning method and the typical SDN flow rule setting.

Nguyen, TK, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Adaptive Successive Interference Cancellation in Cell-free Massive MIMO-NOMA', 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall), 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ni, W & Cassidy, M 1970, 'City-wide traffic control: Modeling impacts of cordon queues', Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Elsevier BV, pp. 164-175.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ni, Z, Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Yang, K & Gao, F 1970, 'Parameter Estimation and Signal Optimization for Joint Communication and Radar Sensing', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), IEEE, Dublin, Ireland.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Joint communication and radar sensing (JCAS) integrates communication and radar sensing into one system, sharing one transmitted signal. In this paper, we study a JCAS system that uses a dedicated low-cost single-antenna receiver for sensing. We provide sensing parameter estimation algorithms for the JCAS system, and investigate the optimization of the precoding matrix to balance communication and sensing performance. A MUSIC-based estimation approach is proposed to obtain time delays and angle-of-arrivals of targets. A weighted signal optimization to balance between communication and sensing is then proposed. Numerical results are provided and verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Niwa, K, Harada, N, Zhang, G & Kleijn, WB 1970, 'Edge-consensus Learning: Deep Learning on P2P Networks with Nonhomogeneous Data', Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, KDD '20: The 26th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, San Diego.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Perera, D, Wang, Y-K, Lin, C-T, Zheng, J, Nguyen, HT & Chai, R 1970, 'Statistical Analysis of Brain Connectivity Estimators during Distracted Driving', 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society, IEEE, United States, pp. 3208-3211.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents comparison of brain connectivity estimators of distracted drivers and non-distracted drivers based on statistical analysis. Twelve healthy volunteers with more than one year of driving experience participated in this experiment. Lane-keeping tasks and the Math problem-solving task were introduced in the experiment and EEGs (electroencephalogram) were used to record the brain waves. Granger-Geweke causality (GGC), directed transfer function (DTF) and partial directed coherence (PDC) brain connectivity estimation methods were used in brain connectivity analysis. Correlation test and a student's t-test were conducted on the connectivity matrixes. Results show a significant difference between the mean of distracted drivers and non-distracted driver's brain connectivity matrixes. GGC and DTF methods student's t-tests shows a p-value below 0.05 with the correlation coefficients varying from 0.62 to 0.38. PDC connectivity estimation method does not show a significant difference between the connectivity matrixes means unless it is compared with lane keeping task and the normal driving task. Furthermore, it shows a strong positive correlation between the connectivity matrixes.

Qian, J, Begum, H & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Centrifugation of Microparticles Inside a Sessile Droplet on a Micromachined Silicon Chip Using Acoustic Tweezers', 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Qian, J, Ren, J, Liu, Y, Lam, RHW & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Reusable acoustic tweezers enable 2D patterning of microparticles in microchamber on a disposable silicon chip superstrate', 2020 IEEE SENSORS, 2020 IEEE SENSORS, IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Rahman, M, Ahmed, F & Rahman, AMA 1970, 'A Low-Cost Dual Band Notched Planar Patch Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications', 2020 11th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE), 2020 11th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Raza, MA, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N & Ni, W 1970, 'Statistical Learning-Based Dynamic Retransmission Mechanism for Mission Critical Communication: An Edge-Computing Approach', 2020 IEEE 45th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), 2020 IEEE 45th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), IEEE, Australia, pp. 393-396.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Mission-critical machine type communication (MC-MTC) systems in which machines communicate to perform various tasks such as coordination, sensing, and actuation, require stringent requirements of ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). Edge computing being an integral part of future wireless networks, provides services that support URLLC applications. In this paper, we use the edge computing approach and present a statistical learning-based dynamic retransmission mechanism. The proposed approach meets the desired latency-reliability criterion in MC-MTC networks employing framed ALOHA. The maximum number of retransmissions Nr under a given latency-reliability constraint is learned statistically by the devices from the history of their previous transmissions and shared with the base station. Simulations are performed in MATLAB to evaluate a framed-ALOHA system's performance in which an active device can have only one successful transmission in one round composed of (Nr + 1) frames, and the performance is compared with the diversity transmission-based framed-ALOHA.

Rufangura, P, Agrawal, A, Bosi, M, Folland, TG, Caldwell, JD & Iacopi, F 1970, 'Enhanced Mid -Infrared Reflectance with Graphene Coated Silicon Carbide Nanowires', 14th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO PR 2020), Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim, Optica Publishing Group.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The mid-infrared optical spectrum hosts a variety of promising photonic applications. Herein we simulate and experimentally demonstrate reflectance enhancement of MIR light using graphene-coated silicon carbide nanowires on silicon, showing promise for on-chip MIR nanophotonics.

Saputra, YM, Nguyen, DN, Hoangl, DT, Dutkiewicz, E & Mueck, MD 1970, 'Common Agency-Based Economic Model for Energy Contract in Electric Vehicle Networks', GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The rapid adoption of electric or hybrid vehicles (EVs) has called for wide deployment of charging stations. These stations can be launched/owned by different owners, referred to as charging station providers (CSPs), which make energy contracts with a smart grid provider (SGP). However, there exists a shortage of mutual economic strategy between the SGP and CSPs in an energy request/transfer competition due to the selfish nature among them. In this paper, we propose an economic model leveraging a multi-principal single-agent (referred to as common agency) contract policy, aiming at maximizing the utilities of multiple CSPs while optimizing the utility of the SGP in an EV network. In particular, we first develop the common agency-based contract problem as a non-cooperative energy contract optimization problem, in which each CSP can maximize its utility given the common constraints from the SGP and the contracts of other CSPs. To deal with this problem, we develop an iterative energy contract algorithm to find an equilibrium contract solution where the contracts from the CSPs can produce maximum utilities of the CSPs and satisfy the constraints of the SGP. Through numerical results, we show that our proposed model can improve the social welfare of the EV network up to 54% and the utilities of CSPs up to 60% compared with the baseline method in which each CSP obtains the amount of energy that is proportional to its energy request.

Sarathy, N, Alsawwaf, M & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Investigation of an Innovative Approach for Identifying Human Face-Profile Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence', 2020 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY), 2020 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY), IEEE, Serbia, pp. 155-160.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Human identification is a well-researched topic that keeps evolving. Advancement in technology has made it easy to train models or use ones that have been already created to detect several features of the human face. When it comes to identifying a human face from the side, there are many opportunities to advance the biometric identification research further. This paper investigates the human face identification based on their side profile by extracting the facial features and diagnosing the feature sets with geometric ratio expressions. These geometric ratio expressions are computed into feature vectors. The last stage involves the use of weighted means to measure similarity. This research addresses the problem of using an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approach. Findings from this research, based on a small data-set, conclude that the used approach offers encouraging results. Further investigation could have a significant impact on how face profiles can be identified. Performance of the proposed system is validated using metrics such as Precision, False Acceptance Rate, False Rejection Rate and True Positive Rate. Multiple simulations indicate an Equal Error Rate of 0.89.

Sayem, ASM, Esselle, KP & Hashmi, RM 1970, 'Robustness Analysis of the Polymer-Conductive-Mesh Composite for the Realization of Transparent and Flexible Wearable Antennas', 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, Copenhagen, Denmark.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper the morphology of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-flexible-conductive-mesh composite has been studied to evaluate its suitability in the realization of robust, flexible, transparent, wearable antennas that can withstand multiple bending operations. We have utilized conductive mesh made out of VeilShield from Less EMF which has about 70% light transmittance and is highly flexible. On the other hand, PDMS is a highly flexible and optically transparent polymer. Uncured PDMS is in liquid form and upon curing it transforms to a robust flexible substrate and forms a strong bonding with the conductive mesh, VeilShield. We have examined the composite through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images during and after multiple bending operations. Later, we have designed a simple patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz band using our selected materials. For performance evaluation the antenna is tested in both free space and under bent conditions and the results are presented in this paper.

Shahid, I, Thalakotuna, D, Karmokar, DK & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Reactively Loaded Microstrip Line Based 1-D Periodic Structure with All-Pass, Low Pass and Stopband Filter Characteristics', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A 1-D periodic structure having two shorted patches bearing dissimilar dimensions, in a unit cell, have been investigated for its application as a reconfigurable filter. To demonstrate the working mechanism, reactive loading to microstrip line is changed by periodically altering the patch connection to ground through presence/absence of shorting vias. Six filter structures with same unit cell dimensions and different switching patterns have been fabricated that represent different configurations of the filter. The proposed structure behaves as an all-pass filter in one state, and as a low pass filter and bandstop filter in other states with tunable cutoff frequencies.

Sharma, V, Hossain, MJ, Ali, SMN, Kashif, M & Fernandez, E 1970, 'Design and Implementation of Trans-Z-Source Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive with Fault-Tolerant Capability', 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, pp. 690-695.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. The traditional Z-source inverter suffers from large voltage stress across the switches, and discontinuous source current, which is not appropriate for the electric motor drives applications. This paper presents a design and thorough analysis of a trans-Z-source (transformer-based Z-source) with higher boost capability and negligible leakage inductance which overcomes the drawbacks of traditional Z-source inverters (ZSI). Additionally, the fault-tolerant capability of the proposed trans-ZSI is investigated for open-circuit and short-circuit faults occurring in the power semiconductor switches of the inverter module. It proposes a highly efficient faulty leg identification method which is independent of the temperature rise occurring due to high current in the faulty mode. The proposed fault-tolerant scheme is characterized by low cost, fast fault diagnosis irrespective of load, and maintaining post-fault speed characteristics of motor identical to pre-fault characteristics. The experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for induction motor drives. Also, a comparative study with similar fault diagnosis strategies is tabulated to validate the potential of the proposed fault-tolerant strategy.

Sharma, V, Mukhopadhyay, S, Hossain, MJ, Nawazish Ali, SM & Kashif, M 1970, 'A-source Inverter-fed PMSM drive with fault-tolerant capability for Electric Vehicles', 2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), IEEE, Delft, Netherlands, pp. 241-246.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. This paper demonstrates the fault tolerance performance of the A-source inverter fed PMSM drive system for electric vehicles. The proposed topology of the A-source impedance network is implemented to obtain high gain dc output for the inverter module. This high magnitude dc output is fed to the PMSM drive system for electric vehicle applications. In addition to the design strategies of the proposed system, this paper presents a fast fault identification and diagnosis strategy under switch faults occurring in the inverter module. The utilized method is robust to common converter issues such as load variations and input power fluctuations. The simulation results of the proposed fault-tolerant operation have been presented in this paper. This efficient fault-tolerant operation substantially improved the reliability of the overall system. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system with fault-tolerant capability for electric vehicle applications.

Sheng, Z, Tuan, HD, Nasir, AA & Poor, HV 1970, 'PLS for Wireless Interference Networks in the Short Blocklength Regime with Strong Wiretap Channels', GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper considers a wireless interference network in which the communication between multiple transmitter-user pairs is overheard by multiple eavesdroppers (EVs). Based on knowledge of the channel distribution, the goal is to maximize the worst users' secrecy rate under both long (infinite) blocklength and short (finite) blocklength transmissions. Under long blocklength transmission, the performance of the existing algorithms is unsatisfactory when the wiretapped channels are sufficiently strong. To address this drawback, we adopt a time-fraction based information and artificial noise (AN) transmission, under which first the information is transmitted within the initial fraction of the time slot and then AN is transmitted within the remaining fraction. Accordingly, the problem of join optimization of the time fractions, transmit power, and AN power to maximize the minimum secrecy rate is proposed and computed by a path-following algorithm, which iterates feasible points and converges at least to a locally optimal solution. A similar problem under short blocklength transmission is also proposed and computed. The provided simulations results clearly show the merits of the proposed approach.

Shi, Q, Wu, N, Wang, H, Nguyen, DN & Huang, X 1970, 'Joint Phase Noise Estimation and Decoding in OFDM-IM', GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper proposes a low-complexity joint phase noise (PHN) estimation and decoding algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing relying on index modulation (OFDM-IM) systems. A factor graph (FG) is constructed based on the truncated discrete cosine transform (DCT) expansion model for the variation of PHN. In order to explicitly take into account the structured and sparse a priori information of the frequency-domain symbols provided by the soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoder, the generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm is employed. Furthermore, to solve the unknown and nonlinear transform matrix problem introduced by the PHN, the mean-field (MF) method is invoked at the observation nodes on the FG. Monte Carlo simulations show the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the existing variational inference (VI) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) methods in terms of their bit error rate (BER) performance and complexity. In addition, we demonstrate that the OFDM-IM scheme outperforms its conventional OFDM counterpart in the presence of PHN.

Shi, Z, Zhang, JA, Xu, R, Cheng, Q & Pearce, A 1970, 'Towards Environment-Independent Human Activity Recognition using Deep Learning and Enhanced CSI', GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Deep learning has shown a strong potential in device-free human activity recognition (HAR). However, a fundamental challenge is ensuring accuracy, without re-training, when exposing a previously trained architecture to a new or unseen environment. To overcome the aforementioned challenge, this paper proposes an environment-robust channel state information (CSI) based HAR by leveraging the properties of a matching network (MatNet) and enhanced features (HAR-MN-EF). To improve the CSI quality, we propose a CSI cleaning and enhancement method (CSI-CE) that includes two key stages: activity-related information extraction (ARIE) and correlation feature extraction based on principal component analysis (CFE-PCA). The ARIE stage is able to effectively enhance the activity-dependent features whilst mitigating behavior-unrelated information. The CFE-PCA stage further improves the extracted features by filtering out the residual activity-unrelated data and the residual noise contained in signals from the former stage. The extracted features are then sequenced into the MatNet to create an environment-robust HAR. Experimental results confirm that an architecture trained by the proposed HAR-MN-EF can be directly adapted to a new environment, achieving reliable sensing accuracies without requiring additional effort.

Shi, Z, Zhang, JA, Xu, RY & Cheng, Q 1970, 'WiFi-Based Activity Recognition using Activity Filter and Enhanced Correlation with Deep Learning', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), IEEE, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Device-free WiFi sensing utilizing channel state information (CSI) is attractive for human activity recognition (HAR). However, several challenging problems are yet to be resolved, e.g., difficulty in extracting proper features from input signals, susceptibility to the phase shift of CSI and difficulty in identifying similar behaviors (e.g., lying and standing). In this paper, we aim to tackle these problems by proposing a novel scheme for CSI-based HAR that uses activity filter-based deep learning network (HAR-AF-DLN) with enhanced correlation features. We first develop a novel CSI compensation and enhancement (CCE) method to compensate for the timing offset between the WiFi transmitter and receiver, enhance activity-related signals and reduce the dimension of inputs to DLN. Then, we design a novel activity filter (AF) to differentiate similar activities (e.g., standing and lying) based on the enhanced CSI correlation features obtained from CCE. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed HAR-AF-DLN scheme outperforms state-of-the-art methods with significantly improved recognition accuracy (especially for similar activities) and notably reduced training time.

Shivangi, TP, Rahimi, M, Gargiulo, G, Kailath, BJ & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A Silicon Neuron-based Bio-Front-End for Ultra Low Power Bio-Monitoring at the Edge', 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Soe Naing, HM, Hidayat, R, Hartanto, R & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Using Double-Density Dual Tree Wavelet Transform into MFCC for Noisy Speech Recognition', 2020 12th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE), 2020 12th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Song, B, Jing, Z, Jay Guo, Y, Liu, RP & Zhou, Q 1970, 'A Novel Measure to Quantify the Robustness of Social Network Under the Virus Attacks', Springer Singapore, pp. 189-200.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Song, L-Z, Qin, P-Y, Liu, Y-H & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Dual-Layer Huygens Element Based Conformal Transmitarray With A High-Efficiency', 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC 2020), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Soomro, WA, Guo, Y, Lu, HY & Jin, JX 1970, 'Advancements and Impediments in Applications of High-Temperature Superconducting Material', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Stratton, P, Wabnitz, A & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A Spiking Neural Network Based Auto-encoder for Anomaly Detection in Streaming Data', 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), IEEE, Australia, pp. 1981-1988.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Anomaly Detection (AD) is useful for a range of applications including cyber security, health analytics, robotics, defense and big data. Automating the detection of anomalies is necessary to deal with large volumes of data and to satisfy real time processing constraints. Current Machine Learning (ML) methods have had some success in the automated detection of anomalies, but no ideal ML solutions have been found for any domain. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), an emerging ML technique, have the potential to do AD well, especially for Edge applications where it needs to be low power, readily adaptable, autonomous and reliable. Here we investigate SNNs doing anomaly detection on streams of text. We show that SNNs are well suited for detecting anomalous character sequences, that they can learn rapidly, and that there are many optimizations to the SNN architecture and training that can improve AD performance.

Sun, C, Ni, W & Wang, X 1970, 'Computation Offloading and Trajectory Design for UAV-assisted Mobile Computing Systems', 2020 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), 2020 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sun, H-H, Ding, C, Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 1970, 'A Method for Bandwidth Enhancement of Cross-Dipole Antennas with Compact Configurations', 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 571-572.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, a new method to broaden the bandwidth of dual-polarized cross-dipole antennas is presented. By connecting a thin loop to a traditional cross-dipole, additional resonant points are introduced and the bandwidth is broadened. This method does not increase the physical dimension of the antenna and has little influence on radiation performances. A loop-connected cross-dipole antenna is presented to verify the method. The bandwidth it achieves is 66.7% from 1.65 GHz to 3.30 GHz with a very compact radiator size. The antenna also has a high port isolation level and stable radiation performances, making it highly suitable for the base station application.

Sun, Z, Hua, X-S, Yao, Y, Wei, X-S, Hu, G & Zhang, J 1970, 'CRSSC: Salvage Reusable Samples from Noisy Data for Robust Learning', Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM '20: The 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, pp. 92-101.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Tofigh, F & Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'A Stable Floating Non-Foster Circuit', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Non-Foster elements have attracted considerable interest because of their role in enabling wide-band electrically small antennas and metamaterials. However, the potential instability of these elements continues to be an going challenge to their realization and, hence, practical acceptance. In this paper, we present a stable floating negative impedance converter (NIC) element using a RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) based subcircuit as the load.

Tran, XT, Dinh, TH, Le, HV, Zhu, Q & Ha, Q 1970, 'Defect detection based on singular value decomposition and histogram thresholding', 2020 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), 2020 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), IEEE, Boston, MA, USA, pp. 1149-1154.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a novel method for defect detection based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and histogram thresholding. First, the input image is divided into blocks, where SVD is applied to determine if a region contains crack pixels. The detected crack blocks are then merged to construct a histogram to calculate the best binarization threshold by incoporating a recent technique for multiple peaks detection and Otsu algorithm. To validate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed approach over related thresholding algorithms, experiments on images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle have been conducted for surface crack detection. The obtained results have confirmed the merits of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy when using some well-known evaluation metrics.

Uddin, MB, Chow, CM, Ling, SH & Su, SW 1970, 'A Robust Airflow Envelope Tracking and Digitization Approach for Automatic Detection of Apnea and Hypopnea Events', 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE), 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a common sleep disorder that can significantly decrease the quality of life. Apnea hypopnea index, the number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep, is defined for the severity of SAHS. An automatic and accurate detection of apnea and hypopnea events can overcome the limitations of manual diagnosis of SAHS. This study explored the design of a novel automated algorithm to detect apnea and hypopnea events. From polysomnography records of the Sleep Heart Health Study, the airflow and pulse oximetry signals of 30 subjects were extracted. According to the updated American Academy of Sleep Medicine scoring manual, apnea and hypopnea events were scored by an experienced sleep physiologist. The peak signal excursion was precisely determined from the airflow envelope. An apnea event was detected by the precise determination of its pre-event baseline. A hypopnea event was detected when both the airflow reduction and oxygen desaturation were satisfied. Accordingly, the automated algorithm detected 5122 events (2215 apneas and 2907 hypopneas), against the manual scoring of 5021 events (2235 apneas and 2786 hypopneas). Strong correlations between scoring and detection of apnea, hypopnea, and combined events were achieved. The overall agreement between the scoring and detection of apnea, hypopnea, and combined events were respectively 99.1%, 95.7%, and 98.0%. This automatic algorithm is applicable to any portable sleep monitoring device for the accurate detection of apnea and hypopnea events.

Uddin, MB, Moi Chow, C, Ling, SH & Su, SW 1970, 'A Per-sample Digitized Algorithm for Automatically Detecting Apnea and Hypopnea Events from Airflow and Oximetry', 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society, IEEE, Canada, pp. 5339-5342.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that can significantly decrease the quality of life. An accurate and early diagnosis of sleep apnea is required before getting proper treatment. A reliable automated detection of sleep apnea can overcome the problems of manual diagnosis (scoring) due to variability in recording and scoring criteria (for example across Europe) and to inter-scorer variability. This study explored a novel automated algorithm to detect apnea and hypopnea events from airflow and pulse oximetry signals, extracted from 30 polysomnography records of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Apneas and hypopneas were manually scored by a trained sleep physiologist according to the updated 2017 American Academy of Sleep Medicine respiratory scoring rules. From pre-processed airflow, the peak signal excursion was precisely determined from the peak-to-trough amplitude using a sliding window, with a per-sample digitized algorithm for detecting apnea and hypopnea. For apnea, the peak signal excursion drop was operationalized at ≥85% and for hypopnea at ≥35% of its pre-event baseline. Using backward shifting of oximetry, hypopneas were filtered with ≥3% oxygen desaturation from its baseline. The performance of the automated algorithm was evaluated by comparing the detection with manual scoring (a standard practice). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of detecting apneas and hypopneas were respectively 98.1% and 95.3%. This automated algorithm is applicable to any portable sleep monitoring device for the accurate detection of sleep apnea.

Van Huynh, N, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Optimal Beam Association in mmWave Vehicular Networks with Parallel Reinforcement Learning', GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper develops a beam association framework for mm Wave vehicular networks to improve the system performance in terms of handover, disconnection time, and data rate under the high mobility of vehicles. In particular, we recruit the semi Markov decision process to capture the uncertainty and dynamic of the environment such as locations of beams, received signal strength indicator profiles, velocities, and blockages. Instead of adopting complex deep learning structures such as deep dueling and double deep Q-learning, we develop a lightweight yet very effective parallel Q-learning algorithm to quickly derive the optimal beam association policy by simultaneously learning from various vehicles on the road. Through extensive simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed framework can reduce the average disconnection time by 33% and increase the data rate by 60% compared to other solutions. We also observed that the proposed parallel Q-learning algorithm converges much faster to the optimal solution than state-of-the-art deep-learning based algorithms.

Wang, J, Jin, J, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Xing, Y 1970, 'Unified Control of APF and SMES Based on Fuzzy Logic Control', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, China, pp. 1-2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper proposes two single closed-loop control methods to achieve unified control of active power filter (APF) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). For the DC-DC chopper circuit, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic control (FLC) method to achieve the stabilization of the DC link voltage and the charge and discharge control of the SMES coil. For the back-stage DC-AC converter circuit, hysteresis current method realizes tracking control of reference current. The control method enables the SMES device to not only implement active filtering but also to suppress the active power oscillation of the system caused by sudden load changes. The simulation model of the whole system was built by Matlab/Simulink for verification analysis.

Wang, Y, Li, S, Ni, W, Abbott, D, Johnson, M, Pei, G & Hedley, M 1970, 'Automatic Device-Location Association based on Received Signal Strength Measurements', 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall), 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Wang, Z, Xu, M, Ye, N, Huang, H, Wang, R & Xiao, F 1970, 'RF-Mirror: Mitigating Mutual Coupling Interference in Two-Tag Array Labeled RFID Systems', 2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON), 2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. Recent RFID systems start attaching a tag array consisting of two or more tags on an object to deal with polarization mismatch and RF phase periodicity for battery-free sensing and localization. The multi-tag solution can also provide target orientation estimation. However, when these tags are closely spaced apart, mutual coupling will be induced, producing the unexpected changes in reported RSSI and RF phase. In this paper, we present RF-Mirror that enables compensating the distortion in a two-tag array labeled RFID system. The system would output the accurate difference in tag-to-antenna distances between two tags, which is a fundamental parameter in previous works for use. Firstly, we model the backscatter signal of a responding tag in a two-tag scenario, and then formulate novel RSSI- and RF phase-distance models with coupling terms. Secondly, we design an algorithm to characterize the coupling effect on tag gain by fusing RSSI and RF phase. Thirdly, we design a decoupling algorithm based on an observation that tag mutual coupling is independent of the position of a tag array relative to a reader antenna. Our experiments show the effectiveness of our models and RF-Mirror achieves the decoupling error of 0.197 cm in calculating the tag-to-antenna distance difference.

White, SJU, Klauck, F, Tran, TT, Schmitt, N, Kianinia, M, Steinfurth, A, Heinrich, M, Toth, M, Szameit, A, Aharonovich, I & Solntsev, A 1970, 'Quantum Random Number Generation using a Solid-State Single-Photon Source', Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, AOS Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT) / Australian Conference on Optics, Lasers, and Spectroscopy (ACOLS), SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) harnesses the intrinsic randomness ofquantum mechanical phenomena. Demonstrations of such processes have, however,been limited to probabilistic sources, for instance, spontaneous parametricdown-conversion or faint lasers, which cannot be triggered deterministically.Here, we demonstrate QRNG with a quantum emitter in hexagonal boron nitride; anemerging solid-state quantum source that can generate single photons on demandand operates at room temperature. We achieve true random number generationthrough the measurement of single photons exiting one of four integratedphotonic waveguides, and subsequently, verify the randomness of the sequencesin accordance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology benchmarksuite. Our results open a new avenue to the fabrication of on-chipdeterministic random number generators and other solid-state-basedquantum-optical devices.

White, SJU, Klauck, F, Tran, TT, Schmitt, N, Kianinia, M, Steinfurth, A, Heinrich, M, Toth, M, Szameit, A, Aharonovich, I & Solntsev, AS 1970, 'Quantum random number generation on a photonic chip using single photons from hexagonal boron nitride', 14th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO PR 2020), Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim, Optica Publishing Group, p. c8g_1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) harnesses the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanical phenomena. Here, we couple bright room-temperature single-photon emission from a hexagonal boron nitride atomic defect into a laser-written photonic chip and demonstrate QRNG. © 2020 The Author(s)

Wu, K, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Heath, RW 1970, 'Accurate Channel Estimation for Frequency-Hopping Dual-Function Radar Communications', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), IEEE, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Dual-function radar communications (DFRC) is proposed recently to embed information into radar waveform, and hence performs data communications by sharing radar apertures and frequency resources. Exploiting a frequency-hopping (FH) MIMO radar, DFRC can achieve the symbol rate that is larger than the radar pulse frequency. However, this requires an accurate channel estimate, which is challenging to achieve due to the radar-prioritized transmission and the fast-changing FH waveform. In this paper, we propose an accurate channel estimation method for the DFRC based on FH-MIMO radars. We design a new FH-MIMO radar waveform which incurs no change to the ranging performance of the radar. The new waveform also enables a communication receiver to estimate the channel without knowing the pairing between hopping frequencies and antennas. We also develop a new angle estimation method at a single-antenna communication receiver using as few as one symbol, i.e., a single hop. Simulations are provided to validate the efficacy of the proposed channel estimation method. Specifically, the symbol error rate achieved based on the estimated channel approaches that based on the ideal channel.

Xie, H, Zheng, J, Wang, M & Chai, R 1970, 'Networked DC Motor Control with Time-Varying Delays and Application to a Mobile Robot', 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA), 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Xie, H-B, Li, C, Mengersen, K, Wang, S & Xu, RYD 1970, 'Nonparametric Bayesian Nonnegative Matrix Factorization', Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence, International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence, Springer International Publishing, Sant Cugat, Spain, pp. 132-141.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an important tool in machine learning for blind source separation and latent factor extraction. Most of existing NMF algorithms assume a specific noise kernel, which is insufficient to deal with complex noise in real scenarios. In this study, we present a hierarchical nonparametric nonnegative matrix factorization (NPNMF) model in which the Gaussian mixture model is used to approximate the complex noise distribution. The model is cast in the nonparametric Bayesian framework by using Dirichlet process mixture to infer the necessary number of Gaussian components. We derive a mean-field variational inference algorithm for the proposed nonparametric Bayesian model. Experimental results on both synthetic data and electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrate that NPNMF performs better in extracting the latent nonnegative factors in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.

Xu, J, Yu, L, Zhang, J & Wu, Q 1970, 'Automatic Sheep Counting by Multi-object Tracking', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), IEEE, China, pp. 257-257.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Animal counting is a highly skilled yet tedious task in livestock transportation and trading. To effectively free up the human labour and provide accurate counts for sheep loading/unloading, we develop an auto sheep counting system based on multi-object detection, tracking and extrapolation techniques. Our system has demonstrated more than 99.9% accuracy with sheep moving freely in a race under optimal visual conditions.

Yang, H, Huang, P, Zhang, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Model Predictive Flux Control Based on Synchronous Pulse-Width Modulation', 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, USA, pp. 2701-2707.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The switching frequency of the high-power traction drive is relatively low, and the wide speed range results in a large variation of carrier ratio. Therefore, a hybrid pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy needs to be designed to meet the requirements over the full speed operation. In this paper, the torque control of induction motor drives under low switching frequency is investigated. Combining synchronized space vector PWM schemes with the model predictive flux control, a control strategy is developed that does not require phase compensation of the voltage reference and smooth transition between different PWM modes is achieved. Simulation, hardware-in-the-loop and experimental tests validate the effectiveness of the developed method.

Yang, T, Ding, C, Ziolkowski, RW & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Achieving a Terahertz Photonic Crystal Fiber with Enhanced Birefrigence', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. A method to achieve a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with high birefringence for polarization maintenance in short range THz communication systems is introduced in this paper. Rectangular air slots are etched in the core region of the fiber; they make the X-polarized (XP) and Y-polarized (YP) propagation modes have different propagation constants, thus leading to the higher birefringence. In contrast to the widely-used fully-slotted (FS) configuration in which the fiber core is almost fully occupied by air slots, the proposed PCF has a partially-slotted (PS) core. The air slot in the core center is absent; only the dielectric background is present. Comparisons are made between the fully-slotted and partially-slotted PCFs to illustrate that the PS PCF overperforms the FS PCF. After optimization, the PS PCF attains a high birefringence value of 0.069 and a total loss of 0.071 cm-1 at 1.0 THz. Over a broad 0.4 THz working band, from 0.53 to 0.93 THz, the dispersion is within 0.06 ps/THz/cm.

Yang, T, Ding, C, Ziolkowski, RW & Jay Guo, Y 1970, 'An Ultra-Wideband Single-Polarization-Single-Mode Terahertz Photonic Crystal Fiber', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM), IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 21-22.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. A terahertz (THz) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with an ultra-wide bandwidth and single-polarization-single-mode (SPSM) operation is designed and analyzed. Two air slots are introduced in the core region and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material is deposited in four specific air holes in the cladding of the PCF. The design achieves significantly different electric (E)-field distributions of the X-polarized (XP) and Y-polarized (YP) modes. The E-field components overlapping the ENZ material are attenuated because it is lossy. Gain material is then deposited in a rectangular slot in the core center to provide amplification of the E-field components overlapping this gain region. Changing the dimensions of the PCF modifies the amplification and attenuation rates to the wanted XP mode, the unwanted YP mode, and any unwanted higher order (HO) modes. The amplification of the wanted mode and the attenuation of the unwanted modes are maximized through optimization. The result is a PCF with an ultra-wide SPSM spectrum of 0.53 THz, from 1.00 to 1.53 THz. The minimum loss difference (MLD) across this bandwidth between the wanted mode and any unwanted modes is over 7.4 dB/cm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the widest SPSM bandwidth of a PCF fiber reported in THz regime.

Yao, Y, Hua, X, Gao, G, Sun, Z, Li, Z & Zhang, J 1970, 'Bridging the Web Data and Fine-Grained Visual Recognition via Alleviating Label Noise and Domain Mismatch', Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM '20: The 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, Virtual, pp. 1735-1744.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

To distinguish the subtle differences among fine-grained categories, a large amount of well-labeled images are typically required. However, manual annotations for fine-grained categories is an extremely difficult task as it usually has a high demand for professional knowledge. To this end, we propose to directly leverage web images for fine-grained visual recognition. Our work mainly focuses on two critical issues including 'label noise' and 'domain mismatch' in the web images. Specifically, we propose an end-to-end deep denoising network (DDN) model to jointly solve these problems in the process of web images selection. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we first collect web images by using the labels in fine-grained datasets. Then we apply the proposed deep denoising network model for noise removal and domain mismatch alleviation. We leverage the selected web images as the training set for fine-grained categorization models learning. Extensive experiments and ablation studies demonstrate state-of-the-art performance gained by our proposed approach, which, at the same time, delivers a new pipeline for fine-grained visual categorization that is to be highly effective for real-world applications.

Yuan, X, Feng, Z, Ni, W, Wei, Z & Liu, RP 1970, 'Waveform Optimization for MIMO Joint Communication and Radio Sensing Systems with Imperfect Channel Feedbacks', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), IEEE, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we study optimal waveform design to maximize mutual information (MI) for a joint communication and (radio) sensing (JCAS, a.k.a., radar-communication) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) downlink system. We consider a typical packet-based signal structure which includes training and data symbols. We first derive the conditional MI for both sensing and communication under correlated channels by considering the training overhead and channel estimation error (CEE). Based on the derived MI, we provide optimal waveform design methods for three scenarios, including maximizing MI for communication only and for sensing only, and maximizing a weighted sum MI for both communication and sensing. We also present extensive simulation results that provide insights on waveform design and validate the effectiveness of the proposed designs.

Zafra, E, Vazquez, S, Geyer, T, Aguilera, RP, Franquelo, LG & Leon, JI 1970, 'FCS-MPC and Observer Design in the dq Synchronous Frame: An Experimental Validation', 2020 IEEE 14th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG), 2020 IEEE 14th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG), IEEE, Setubal, Portugal, pp. 445-450.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The addition of an output LC filter to a voltage source inverter (VSI) allows the generation of high-quality output voltages with reduced harmonic distortion content. For this reason, this topology is widely used for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. To control this system, finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) has been assessed in previous research with promising results. In this paper, the dq-synchronous reference frame (dq-SRF) formulation of FCS-MPC and a state observer for an UPS system are presented and experimentally validated. The advantage of this proposal lies in the simplification of the observer design by considering a deadbeat observer along with the addition of a low-pass filter. In this way, the observer bandwidth is simply determined by the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter. Simulation and experimental results are compared to assess the performance of the proposed solution.

Zhang, G, Li, H & Wenger, F 1970, 'Object Detection and 3D Estimation via an FMCW Radar Using A Fully Convolutional Network', the 45th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Spain.

Zhang, G, Niwa, K & Kleijn, WB 1970, 'Projected Weight Regularization to Improve Neural Network Generalization', ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Spain.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, H, Huang, X, Zhang, JA & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Adaptive Transmission Based on MMSE Equalization over Fast Fading Channels', 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall), 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall), IEEE, Victoria, BC, Canada, pp. 1-5.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The sixth generation (6G) mobile systems will enable high mobility applications in both space and ground based networks. In this paper, we investigate low-complexity equalization and adaptive transmission schemes to combat fast fading channels due to high mobility. We first derive signal and channel models in fast fading channels, which allow low complexity minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization. We then analyze the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using eigenvalue decomposition for a generalized modulation representation. Assuming the channel state information (CSI) is known at the transmitter, we propose an adaptive transmission technique which utilizes the CSI to precode data symbols in order to improve the output SNR at the receiver. Simulation results show that the adaptive transmission scheme effectively improves the MMSE equalization performance in non-line-of-sight channels especially when the transmission signal frame is short.

Zhang, JA, Hoang, L, Nguyen, D, Huang, X, Kekirigoda, A & Hui, K-P 1970, 'Multi-user MIMO Communications with Interference Mitigation in Time-varying Channels', 2020 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2020 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-7.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 IEEE. In this paper, we present a technique for realizing reliable multi-user MIMO communications in the presence of interference in time-varying channels. The null space of interfering channels is estimated and exploited for interference mitigation. We first introduce an improved superframe structure to enable frequent tracking of user channels and the null space of interfering channels. The different natures of the received user signals and interference require different processing methods. We improve and compare several adaptive equalizers to deal with time-varying user channels, and propose to use a subspace-based tracking algorithm to handle time-varying interfering channels. We simulate the proposed tracking algorithms in various settings, including when the interference signals are correlated. Simulation results are provided and validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

Zhang, M, Li, H, Pan, S, Chang, X & Su, S 1970, 'Overcoming Multi-Model Forgetting in One-Shot NAS With Diversity Maximization', 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, pp. 7806-7815.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

One-Shot Neural Architecture Search (NAS) significantly improves the computational efficiency through weight sharing. However, this approach also introduces multi-model forgetting during the supernet training (architecture search phase), where the performance of previous architectures degrades when sequentially training new architectures with partially-shared weights. To overcome such catastrophic forgetting, the state-of-the-art method assumes that the shared weights are optimal when jointly optimizing a posterior probability. However, this strict assumption is not necessarily held for One-Shot NAS in practice. In this paper, we formulate the supernet training in the One-Shot NAS as a constrained optimization problem of continual learning that the learning of current architecture should not degrade the performance of previous architectures. We propose a Novelty Search based Architecture Selection (NSAS) loss function and demonstrate that the posterior probability could be calculated without the strict assumption when maximizing the diversity of the selected constraints. A greedy novelty search method is devised to find the most representative subset to regularize the supernet training. We apply our proposed approach to two One-Shot NAS baselines, random sampling NAS (RandomNAS) and gradient-based sampling NAS (GDAS). Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method enhances the predictive ability of the supernet in One-Shot NAS and achieves remarkable performance on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and PTB with efficiency.

Zhang, M, Li, H, Pan, S, Chang, X, Ge, Z & Su, S 1970, 'Differentiable neural architecture search in equivalent space with exploration enhancement', Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems.
View description>>

Recent works on One-Shot Neural Architecture Search (NAS) mostly adopt a bilevel optimization scheme to alternatively optimize the supernet weights and architecture parameters after relaxing the discrete search space into a differentiable space. However, the non-negligible incongruence in their relaxation methods is hard to guarantee the differentiable optimization in the continuous space is equivalent to the optimization in the discrete space. Differently, this paper utilizes a variational graph autoencoder to injectively transform the discrete architecture space into an equivalently continuous latent space, to resolve the incongruence. A probabilistic exploration enhancement method is accordingly devised to encourage intelligent exploration during the architecture search in the latent space, to avoid local optimal in architecture search. As the catastrophic forgetting in differentiable One-Shot NAS deteriorates supernet predictive ability and makes the bilevel optimization inefficient, this paper further proposes an architecture complementation method to relieve this deficiency. We analyze the proposed method’s effectiveness, and a series of experiments have been conducted to compare the proposed method with state-of-the-art One-Shot NAS methods.

Zhang, M, Li, H, Pan, S, Liu, T & Su, S 1970, 'One-Shot Neural Architecture Search via Novelty Driven Sampling', Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, Yokahama, Japan, pp. 3188-3194.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

One-Shot Neural architecture search (NAS) has received wide attentions due to its computational efficiency. Most state-of-the-art One-Shot NAS methods use the validation accuracy based on inheriting weights from the supernet as the stepping stone to search for the best performing architecture, adopting a bilevel optimization pattern with assuming this validation accuracy approximates to the test accuracy after re-training. However, recent works have found that there is no positive correlation between the above validation accuracy and test accuracy for these One-Shot NAS methods, and this reward based sampling for supernet training also entails the rich-get-richer problem. To handle this deceptive problem, this paper presents a new approach, Efficient Novelty-driven Neural Architecture Search, to sample the most abnormal architecture to train the supernet. Specifically, a single-path supernet is adopted, and only the weights of a single architecture sampled by our novelty search are optimized in each step to reduce the memory demand greatly. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our novelty search based architecture sampling method.

Zhang, R, Jin, J, Lin, Z & Guo, Y 1970, 'Study on the Effect of ReBCO Tape Arrangements on the Electromagnetic Field Distribution', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Tianjin, China.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

ReBCO tapes are usually arranged horizontally or vertically to obtain a larger magnetic field or transmit more current. In this paper, the H-formulation is used to numerically analyze the electromagnetic field distribution combining with analytical method. The influence of the number of tapes and the arrangement interval on the electromagnetic characteristics is analyzed which is beneficial for superconducting device design and optimization.

Zhang, R, Jin, J, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Abu-Siada, A 1970, 'Numerical Study on Electromagnetic Field and AC loss of HTS Air-core Transformer', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, China, pp. 1-2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Air-core transformer has advantages of no iron loss, no magnetic saturation, and compact in size, which make them attractive to be studied for practical applications. In this paper, the H-formulation is used to numerically analyze the electromagnetic field and AC loss of the HTS air-core transformer and optimize the air gap.

Zhang, R, Xu, M, Shi, Y, Fan, J, Mu, C & Xu, L 1970, 'Infrared Target Detection Using Intensity Saliency And Self-Attention', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, S, Luo, L, Li, Z, Wang, Y, Chen, F & Xu, R 1970, 'Simultaneous Customer Segmentation and Behavior Discovery', Neural Information Processing, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer International Publishing, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 122-130.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Customer purchase behavior segmentation plays an important role in the modern economy. We proposed a Bayesian non-parametric (BNP)-based framework, named Simultaneous Customer Segmentation and Utility Discovery (UtSeg), to discover customer segmentation without knowing specific forms of utility functions and parameters. For the segmentation based on BNP models, the unknown type of functions is usually modeled as a non-homogeneous point process (NHPP) for each mixture component. However, the inference of these models is complex and time-consuming. To reduce such complexity, traditionally, economists will use one specific utility function in a heuristic way to simplify the inference. We proposed to automatically select among multiple utility functions instead of searching in a continuous space. We further unified the parameters for different types of utility functions with the same prior distribution to improve efficiency. We tested our model with synthetic data and applied the framework to real-supermarket data with different products, and showed that our results can be interpreted with common knowledge.

Zhang, X, Li, Y, Lu, W, Jian, P & Zhang, G 1970, 'Intra-Correlation Encoding for Chinese Sentence Intention Matching', Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, International Committee on Computational Linguistics.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, X, Lu, W, Zhang, G, Li, F & Wang, S 1970, 'Chinese Sentence Semantic Matching Based on Multi-Granularity Fusion Model', Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer International Publishing, Singapore, pp. 246-257.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Sentence semantic matching is the cornerstone of many natural language processing tasks, including Chinese language processing. It is well known that Chinese sentences with different polysemous words or word order may have totally different semantic meanings. Thus, to represent and match the sentence semantic meaning accurately, one challenge that must be solved is how to capture the semantic features from the multi-granularity perspective, e.g., characters and words. To address the above challenge, we propose a novel sentence semantic matching model which is based on the fusion of semantic features from character-granularity and word-granularity, respectively. Particularly, the multi-granularity fusion intends to extract more semantic features to better optimize the downstream sentence semantic matching. In addition, we propose the equilibrium cross-entropy, a novel loss function, by setting mean square error (MSE) as an equilibrium factor of cross-entropy. The experimental results conducted on Chinese open data set demonstrate that our proposed model combined with binary equilibrium cross-entropy loss function is superior to the existing state-of-the-art sentence semantic matching models.

Zhang, Y, Wang, Z, Xu, J, Liu, Y, Zhou, B, Zhang, N, He, M, Fan, J, Liu, X, Zhao, J, Yang, Q, Zhang, L, Cao, Y & Su, S 1970, 'Association Between Consecutive Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalization: Time Series Study During 2015-2017 in Chengdu China', 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society, IEEE, United States, pp. 5378-5381.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper investigates the association between consecutive ambient air pollution and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) hospitalization in Chengdu China. The three-year (2015-2017) time series data for both ambient air pollutant concentrations and COPD hospitalizations in Chengdu are approved for the study. The big data statistic analysis shows that Air Quality Index (AQI) exceeded the lighted air polluted level in Chengdu region are mainly attributed to particulate matters (i.e., PM_2.5 and PM₁₀). The time series study for consecutive ambient air pollutant concentrations reveal that AQI, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ are significantly positive correlated, especially when the number of consecutive polluted days is greater than nine days. The daily COPD hospitalizations for every 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ indicate that consecutive ambient air pollution can lead to an appearance of an elevation of COPD admissions, and also present that dynamic responses before and after the peak admission are different. Support Vector Regression (SVR) is then used to describe the dynamics of COPD hospitalizations to consecutive ambient air pollution. These findings will be further developed for region specific, hospital early notifications of COPD in responses to consecutive ambient air pollution.

Zhang, Z, Da Xu, RY, Jiang, S, Li, Y, Huang, C & Deng, C 1970, 'Illumination Adaptive Person Reid Based on Teacher-Student Model and Adversarial Training', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhang, Z, Yu, L, Zhang, J & Wu, Q 1970, 'A Vision Based Fish Processing System', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), IEEE, Macau, China, pp. 260-260.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The digital fish provenance and quality tracking system is essential for the seafood supply chain. As a part of this system, we develop a vision-based fish processing system to automatically perform fish freshness estimation, size measurement and species classification. Under the constrained illumination environment, our system is able to auto-process the fish selection, thus greatly reduce the human labour and bring trust and efficiency to the seafood supply chain from catch to market.

Zhang, Z, Yu, L, Zhang, J & Wu, Q 1970, 'A Vision Based Fish Processing System', 2020 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING (VCIP), IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), IEEE, ELECTR NETWORK, pp. 260-260.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhou, W, Cheng, Z & Guo, YJ 1970, 'A Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna With Electric and Magnetic Coupling Feed for 5G Base Stations', 2020 IEEE 5th International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems (ICICM), 2020 IEEE 5th International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems (ICICM), IEEE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 1970, 'A Wideband Differentially Fed Multi-beam Antenna Array', 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1-3.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A differential Butler matrix is presented in this paper using a new type of wideband unbalanced-to-balanced power dividers. The differential Butler matrix has the merit of high levels of common-mode signal suppression. A differential array with four elements is also designed, fabricated and tested. By feeding the differential array with the differential Butler matrix, two beams are produced in the E-plane radiation pattern. The differentially fed array achieves very low cross-polarization level due to the excellent common-mode suppression from the Butler matrix. The design approach is verified experimentally, and the measured result agrees well with the predicted one, demonstrating the application potential for the presented differential beam-forming networks.

Zhu, H & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Circularly-Polarized Differential Antenna Array Fed by Single-Ended-to-Balanced Power Dividers with High Common-Mode Rejection', 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), 2020 4th Australian Microwave Symposium (AMS), IEEE, Sydney, Australia.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper presents a differential feeding network comprising of a new type of single-ended-to-balanced power dividers with high level of common-mode rejection. The single-ended-to-balanced power dividers are built based on slotline-to-microstrip transitions, which are able to provide high common-mode suppression and low differential-mode-to-common-mode conversion levels. A wideband differential circularly-polarized (CP) antenna array is designed fabricated and tested using the differential feeding network. The experimental results verify that the presented differential feeding network can be used in feeding differential CP arrays to achieve high gain, symmetrical patterns and a wide axial ratio bandwidth.

Zhu, J, McGloin, D, Yang, Y & Liu, B 1970, '0.32 THz dual circularly polarized reflectarray', 14th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO PR 2020), Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim, Optica Publishing Group, ELECTR NETWORK.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A terahertz (THz) reflect-array is proposed. Dual circularly polarized (left- and right-hand-circular-polarizations) collimated beams are independently manipulated. In our model, the left-hand-circularly-polarized and right-hand-circularly-polarized beams reflect at 23-degrees along the y-direction and x-direction respectively.

Zhu, Q, Qiu, X & Burnett, I 1970, 'An Acoustic Modelling Based Remote Error Sensing Approach for Quiet Zone Generation in a Noisy Environment', ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 8424-8428.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Remote error sensing is required in active noise control systems when they are used to create a quiet zone in a noisy environment with the constraint that the error microphones cannot be inside the zone. The challenge in remote error sensing is to estimate the sound pressure in the target zone with a small number of physical microphones outside it. The spatial harmonic decomposition method uses wave domain sound field parameterisation to reduce the required number of the error microphones but can only provide accurate estimation below a certain frequency. This paper presents an improved approach to increase the effective frequency range based on the acoustic modelling. The simulation results demonstrate the proposed method can provide more than 20 dB noise reduction up to 1650 Hz for a quiet zone with a radius of 0.1 m by using only three microphones under the studied situations.

Zou, Y, Gong, S, Xu, J, Cheng, W, Hoang, DT & Niyato, D 1970, 'Joint Energy Beamforming and Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enhanced Communications', 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), IEEE, Seoul, Korea (South), pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

To face the scarcity of wireless spectrum resources and explosive energy consumption due to rapid growth of mobile devices and Internet of Things terminals, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently gained a lot of attention and become as one of the promising solutions. In this paper, we consider an IRS-enhanced multiple-input single- output (MISO) system, in which the IRS is wireless powered by the access point (AP) in power splitting scheme. We aim to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the end user by jointly optimizing the AP's beamforming as well as the phase-shift and the power splitting ratio of the IRS elements. To tackle the non-convexity of the formulated problem due to the coupling of optimization variables, we devise a two-stage approximation algorithm by analyzing and then decomposing the structure of the problem. Specifically, the algorithm first tunes the phase-shift of IRS elements to align the equivalent channel of IRS reflected path to that of the direct link. After that, we adopt a successive convex approximation based method to achieve a near optimal solution for the reformulated problem iteratively. The simulation results show that our proposed two-stage approximation algorithm can solve the jointly SNR maximization problem efficiently.

Zou, Y, Xie, Y, Zhang, C, Gong, S, Hoang, DT & Niyato, D 1970, 'Optimization-driven Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning for Hybrid Relaying Communications', 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Seoul, Korea (South), pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this paper, we employ multiple wireless-powered user devices as wireless relays to assist information transmission from a multi-antenna access point to a single-antenna receiver. To improve energy efficiency, we design a hybrid relaying communication strategy in which wireless relays are allowed to operate in either the passive mode via backscatter communications or the active mode via RF communications, depending on their channel conditions and energy states. We aim to maximize the overall SNR by jointly optimizing the access point's beamforming strategy as well as individual relays' radio modes and operating parameters. Due to the non-convex and combinatorial structure of the SNR maximization problem, we develop a deep reinforcement learning approach that adapts the beamforming and relaying strategies dynamically. In particular, we propose a novel optimization-driven hierarchical deep deterministic policy gradient (H-DDPG) approach that integrates the model-based optimization into the framework of conventional DDPG approach. It decomposes the discrete relay mode selection into the outer-loop by using deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm and then optimizes the continuous beamforming and relays' operating parameters by using the inner-loop DDPG algorithm. Simulation results reveal that the H-DDPG is robust to the hyper parameters and can speed up the learning process compared to the conventional DDPG approach.

Zuo, Y, Xiao, M, Song, Y, Li, Y, Li, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Modeling and Finite Element Calculation of Core Loss in Anode Saturable Reactor Based on JA Dynamic Hysteresis Model', 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, China, pp. 1-2.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Anode saturable reactor is an important part of HVDe converter valve. The surge current causes core losses and temperature rising during the transient processes of thyristors. In this paper, to investigate the single core loss of anode saturable reactor, the theoretical calculation and electromagnetic simulation are carried out with the actual surge current. The Jiles-Atherton(J-A) dynamic hysteresis model integrating hysteresis, eddy current, and excess losses is considered for accurate computation of core losses. The model is incorporated into the finite element method to investigate the loss distribution in the core of anode saturable reactor.

Amirgholipour, S, He, X, Jia, W, Wang, D & Liu, L 2020, 'PDANet: Pyramid Density-aware Attention Net for Accurate Crowd Counting', arXiv.

Amiri, M, Abolhasan, M, Shariati, N & Lipman, J 2020, 'Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Using SIW Cavity Based Metamaterial Perfect Absorber', Research Square Platform LLC.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Belotti, Y, McGloin, D & Weijer, CJ 2020, 'Chemotaxis overrides Barotaxis during Directional Decision-Making inDictyostelium discoideum', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractNeutrophils and dendritic cells have, besides their well characterised chemotactic movement responses, been shown to be able to detect and respond to local differences in hydraulic resistance (barotaxis). Furthermore, for neutrophils, it has been suggested that barotaxis overrides chemotaxis. Here, we investigate whether Dictyostelium cells also respond to hydraulic resistance or primarily to chemical gradients using an asymmetric bifurcating micro-channel. This channel design allows us to decouple hydraulic and chemical stimuli, by providing a choice between moving up a chemical gradient or down a chemical gradient into a channel with 100 times lower hydraulic resistance. Under these conditions chemotaxis always overrides barotaxis. Cells confronted by a microchannel bifurcation are observed to often partially split their leading edge and to start moving into both channels. Cells in steeper cAMP gradients, that move faster, split more readily. The decision to retract the pseudopod moving away from the cAMP source is made when the average velocity of the pseudopod moving up the cAMP gradient is 20% higher than the average velocity of the pseudopod moving down the gradient. Surprisingly, this decision threshold is independent of the steepness of the cAMP gradient and speed of movement. It indicates that a critical force imbalance threshold underlies the repolarisation decision.Significance StatementWe investigate the directional ‘decision-making’ of Dictyostelium discoideum cells migrating within engineered micro-channels harbouring asymmetric bifurcations. Unlike neutrophils and immature dendritic cells, Dictyostelium cells strongly prioritise chemical over barotactic guidance cues. Cells in steeper cAMP gradients migrate at higher speeds, split their leading edges more readily when confronted with a bifurcation in the channel. The decision to r...

Chen, Y, Tran, TN, Duong, NMH, Li, C, Toth, M, Bradac, C, Aharonovich, I, Solntsev, A & Tran, TT 2020, 'Optical Thermometry with Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride'.

Gay, V 2020, 'CAF CleanWork MVP'.
View description>>

A key deliverable of the ARC linkage project is a mobile app to increase The Cleaning Accreditation Framework (CAF)’s ability to engage workers on sites and as such increase its effective operation as a world‐first, game‐changing organisation whose mission is to improve labour practices in the cleaning industry. This app is particularly important in the context of coronavirus as cleaners’ jobs have become increasingly dangerous and precarious at the same time that CAF has had to suspend our usual face to face worker engagement meetings. Having an alternative way to engage with cleaners in the face of public health crises like the one we are currently facing will be important for the future operation of CAF. It is particularly exciting that we will be able to continue using this app beyond the life of the grant thanks to UTS securing a royalty free license to the app.

Huang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, J, Wu, Q & Xu, C 2020, 'TOAN: Target-Oriented Alignment Network for Fine-Grained Image Categorization with Few Labeled Samples'.

Kieu, BT, Unanue, IJ, Pham, SB, Phan, HX & Piccardi, M 2020, 'Learning Neural Textual Representations for Citation Recommendation'.
View description>>

With the rapid growth of the scientific literature, manually selecting appropriate citations for a paper is becoming increasingly challenging and time-consuming. While several approaches for automated citation recommendation have been proposed in the recent years, effective document representations for citation recommendation are still elusive to a large extent. For this reason, in this paper we propose a novel approach to citation recommendation which leverages a deep sequential representation of the documents (Sentence-BERT) cascaded with Siamese and triplet networks in a submodular scoring function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to combine deep representations and submodular selection for a task of citation recommendation. Experiments have been carried out using a popular benchmark dataset - the ACL Anthology Network corpus - and evaluated against baselines and a state-of-the-art approach using metrics such as the MRR and F1-at-k score. The results show that the proposed approach has been able to outperform all the compared approaches in every measured metric.

Lin, Z, Lv, T, Ni, W, Zhang, JA & Liu, RP 2020, 'Nested Hybrid Cylindrical Array Design and DoA Estimation for Massive IoT Networks'.

Lin, Z, Lv, T, Ni, W, Zhang, JA & Liu, RP 2020, 'Tensor-based Multi-dimensional Wideband Channel Estimation for mmWave Hybrid Cylindrical Arrays'.

Liu, B, Wang, F, Chen, C, Dong, F & McGloin, D 2020, 'Self-evolving ghost imaging'.

Nguyen, C, Saputra, Y, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, T, Tran, K, Bui, T, Nguyen, D, Dinh, H, Vu, T, Dutkiewicz, E, Chatzinotas, S & Ottersten, B 2020, 'Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing during Pandemics like COVID-19: A Comprehensive Survey'.

Ni, Z, Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Yang, K & Yuan, J 2020, 'Uplink Sensing in Perceptive Mobile Networks with Asynchronous Transceivers'.

Ni, Z, Zhang, JA, Yang, K, Huang, X & Tsiftsis, TA 2020, 'Waveform Optimization with Multiple Performance Metrics for Broadband Joint Communication and Radar Sensing', arXiv.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Su, Q, Wei, H-L, Wang, S, Chen, C, Ming, G, Su, Y, Wang, H, Chen, Z & Jin, D 2020, 'Upconverted excitation energy lock-in for deep-ultraviolet enhancement', Research Square Platform LLC.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Photon upconversion of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation into deep-ultraviolet (UV) emission offers many exciting opportunities for drug release in deep tissues, photodynamic therapy, solid-state lasing, energy storage, and photocatalysis. However, NIR-to-deep-UV upconversion remains a daunting challenge due to low quantum efficiency. Here, we report an unusual six-photon upconversion process in Gd3+/Tm3+-codoped nanoparticles comprising a heterogeneous, core-multishell nanostructure. This multishell design efficiently suppresses energy consumption induced by interior energy traps, maximizes cascade sensitizations of the NIR excitation, and promotes upconverted deep-UV emission from high-lying excited states. We released the intense six-photon-upconverted UV emissions at 253 nm under 808-nm excitation. This work provides new insight into mechanistic understanding of the upconversion process within the heterogeneous architecture, while offering exciting opportunities for developing nanoscale deep-UV emitters that can be remotely controlled in deep tissues upon NIR illumination.

Unanue, IJ, Esmaili, N, Haffari, G & Piccardi, M 2020, 'Leveraging Discourse Rewards for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation'.
View description>>

Document-level machine translation focuses on the translation of entire documents from a source to a target language. It is widely regarded as a challenging task since the translation of the individual sentences in the document needs to retain aspects of the discourse at document level. However, document-level translation models are usually not trained to explicitly ensure discourse quality. Therefore, in this paper we propose a training approach that explicitly optimizes two established discourse metrics, lexical cohesion (LC) and coherence (COH), by using a reinforcement learning objective. Experiments over four different language pairs and three translation domains have shown that our training approach has been able to achieve more cohesive and coherent document translations than other competitive approaches, yet without compromising the faithfulness to the reference translation. In the case of the Zh-En language pair, our method has achieved an improvement of 2.46 percentage points (pp) in LC and 1.17 pp in COH over the runner-up, while at the same time improving 0.63 pp in BLEU score and 0.47 pp in F_BERT.

Wu, K, Zhang, JA, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Frequency-Hopping MIMO Radar-Based Communications: An Overview'.

Wu, K, Zhang, JA, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2020, 'Integrating Secure and High-Speed Communications into Frequency Hopping MIMO Radar'.

Yu, L, Gao, Y, Zhou, J & Zhang, J 2020, 'Parameter Efficient Deep Neural Networks with Bilinear Projections'.

Zhang, H, Huang, X & Zhang, JA 2020, 'Low-Complexity Frequency Domain Equalization over Fast Fading Channels'.