Vigneswaran, S & Kiat, WY 1988, 'Detailed investigation of effects of operating parameters of ultrafiltration using laboratory-scale ultrafiltration unit', Desalination, vol. 70, no. 1-3, pp. 299-316.
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Cross flow ultrafiltration is a pressure driven membrane process in which the fluid to be filtered flows parallel to the membrane surface. The formation of filter cake can be reduced by scouring force of the flow, thus better permeate rate is obtained. Laboratory-scale ultrafiltration experiments with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) solution of known molecular weight was carried out to study the membrane filter performances with respect to operating parameters. These operating parameters included, membrane molecular weight cut off size, molecular weight of PVA, influent concentration, cross flow velocity and applied pressure. It was discovered that clogging in the membrane occurs quite slowly during first 30 minutes, and quasi-steady state was noticed normally after 50 minutes of filtration time. In this study, steady state flux data were used to develop semi-empirical and empirical correlations which are useful in the optimum design of ultrafiltration. © 1988.
Vigneswaran, S & Pandey, JR 1988, 'ASSESSING THE SUITABILITY OF MEMBRANES FOR MICROFILTRATION - AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH.', Filtration and Separation, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 253-255.
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Very little work has been done on the performance of cross-flow microfiltration during the filter run. The authors suggest an empirical methodology to characterize membrane performances by using standard curves. A procedure is developed to establish standard curves for cross-flow microfiltration. The standard curve arrived at gives a reasonable prediction for the performance of CMF, but a larger number of data have to be analyzed with respect to the standard curve obtained before it can be used for practical purposes.
Vigneswaran, S & Tien, C 1988, 'EMPIRICAL CORRELATION FOR ESTIMATING PRESSURE DROP ACROSS CLOGGED FILTERS.', Aqua (Oxford), no. 3, pp. 110-115.
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Empirical correlations for estimating pressure drop in clogged filters were established. The correlations are based on pressure drop data collected from filtration of kaolin clay suspensions under different operating conditions. A simple procedure for applying the correlations is outlined.
Vigneswaran, S & Tulachan, RK 1988, 'Mathematical modelling of transient behaviour of deep bed filtration', Water Research, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1093-1100.
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This study proposes a mathematical model based on the concept that there exists a maximum limit on particle deposition on the filter grain, to describe the entire cycle of filtration. The three model coefficients appearing in this mathematical model were calculated for different operating conditions using experimental results obtained from a filter 2 cm in depth. Although these model coefficients were different for different operating conditions, a uniform trend was observed in the variation of model parameters with operating conditions. © 1988.
