Chang, J, Tsai, LJ & Vigneswaran, S 1996, 'Experimental investigation of the effect of particle size distribution of suspended particles on microfiltration', Water Science and Technology, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 133-140.
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Suspended particle size is one of the main factors which affect the performance of the microfiltration. Experimental results with bi and trimodal suspensions of latex particles clearly showed that the permeate flux and the quality were significantly affected by the particle size and its distribution, especially when the particle size was smaller than the pore size of the membrane.
Chang, JS, Tsai, LJ & Vigneswaran, S 1996, 'Experimental investigation of the effect of particle size distribution of suspended particles on microfiltration', Water Science and Technology, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 133-140.
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Suspended particle size is one of the main factors which affect the performance of the microfiltration. Experimental results with bi and trimodal suspensions of latex particles clearly showed that the permeate flux and the quality were significantly affected by the particle size and its distribution, especially when the particle size was smaller than the pore size of the membrane.
Lee, S, Vigneswaran, S & Bajracharya, K 1996, 'Phosphorus transport in saturated slag columns: Experiments and mathematical models', Water Science and Technology, vol. 34, no. 1-2, pp. 153-160.
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Excessive phosphorus (P as orthophosphate) is one of the major pollutants in natural water that are responsible for algal blooms and eutrophication. P removal by slag is an attractive solution if the P sorption capacity of slag is significant. To design an efficient land treatment facility, basic information on the behaviour of P in the media-water environment is required. In this study, detailed column experiments were conducted to study the P transport under dynamic condition, and mathematical models were developed to describe this process. The column experiments conducted with dust and cake waste products (slag) from a steel industry as adsorbing media indicated that they had higher sorption capacity of P than that of a sandy loam soil from North Sydney, Australia. P transport in the dust and cake columns exhibited characteristic S-shaped or curvilinear breakthrough curves. The simulated results from a dynamic physical non-equilibrium sorption model (DPNSM) and Freundlich isotherm constants satisfactorily matched the corresponding experimental breakthrough data. The mobility of P is restricted by the adsorbents and it is proportional to the sorption capacity of them.
Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 1996, 'Application of downflow floating medium flocculator/prefilter (DFF) - coarse sand filter (CSF) in nutrient removal', Water Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 63-70.
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In this study, the applicability and the advantages of the downflow floating medium filter (DFF) in wastewater treatment were examined. The experimental results indicated that the DFF with in-line flocculation addition is a good pretreatment unit to reduce phosphorus load (up to 80-89% removal). The DFF also resulted in uniform filterable-flocs of 32-42 µm throughout the filter run. Thus it can also successfully be used as a flocculator. The backwashing of floating medium was achieved with a small quantity of water and at low backwash velocity. The introduction of floating medium filter bed on top of a coarse sand filter unit (CSF) increased the filter run time and removal efficiency (more than 87 and 94% of NH3-N and T-P removal respectively), particularly at a low filtration rate (5 m3/m2.h).
Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 1996, 'Application of downflow floating medium flocculator/prefilter (DFF) - Coarse sand filter (CSF) in nutrient removal', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 63-70.
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In this study, the applicability and the advantages of the downflow floating medium filter (DFF) in wastewater treatment were examined. The experimental results indicated that the DFF with in-line fiocculation addition is a good pretreatment unit to reduce phosphorus load (up to 80â89% removal). The DFF also resulted in uniform filterable-floes of 32â42 (am throughout the filter run. Thus it can also successfully be used as a flocculator. The backwashing of floating medium was achieved with a small quantity of water and at low backwash velocity. The introduction of floating medium filter bed on top of a coarse sand filter unit (CSF) increased the filter run time and removal efficiency (more than 87 and 94% of NH3-N and T-P removal respectively), particularly at a low filtration rate (5 m3/m2.h).
Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S & Jegatheesan, V 1996, 'Mathematical modelling of downflow floating medium filter (DFF) with in-line flocculation arrangement', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 34, no. 3-4, pp. 355-362.
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A laboratory-scale set-up consisting of rapid mixing device and floating medium filter was used to study the use of a downflow floating medium filter (DFF) with an in-line flocculation arrangement as a static flocculator and a prefilter. The semi-empirical mathematical model formulated incorporates flocculation within the filter, particle/floc attachment onto the filter and the detachment of flocs from the medium. The mathematical model for filtration takes into account the expansion of the filter bed. The removal efficiency of DFF and headloss development were successfully simulated for different conditions of filtration velocity, filter depth and influent suspended solids (SS). The values of attachment coefficient ap and headloss coefficient were found to be independent of filtration velocity, filter depth and influent SS concentration.
Vigneswaran, S, Boonthanon, S & Prasanthi, H 1996, 'Filter backwash water recycling using crossflow microfiltration', Desalination, vol. 106, no. 1-3, pp. 31-38.
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Experiments were carried out using crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) for treating filter backwash water from a water treatment plant, It was found that CFMF with backflush is technically feasible and highly efficient. The condition of the backflush freque
Vigneswaran, S, Prasanthi, H & Dharmappa, HB 1996, 'Implications of particle size to transient stage of deep bed filtration', Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 565-572.
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This study was aimed at investigating the effect of particle size, mostly in the submicron range, on break-through stage of filtration. Latex beads, with diameters ranging from 0.46- to 2.967-μm were filtered through filter grains of diameters 0.1-, 0.175- and 0.45-mm. Experimental conditions were chosen so as to obtain breakthrough curves. The experimental results showed that the initial efficiency follows the pattern reported by previous experimental and theoretical studies, i.e., lower efficiency for 0.825-μm particles which fall in the range of critical size. However, the particle removal during the transient stage increased with an increase in particle size for the range of sizes studied. This pattern is qualitatively confirmed by the theoretical predictions of Vigneswaran and Chang (1986) model. This study also provides experimental verification of the effect of the ratio of particle size and grain size at different stages of filtration.
Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, Evans, S, Donkin, P, Mantoura, RFC & Rowland, SJ 1996, 'Seasonal distribution of dissolved pesticides and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Humber Estuary and Humber coastal zone', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 32, no. 8-9, pp. 599-608.
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