Doblin, MA, Blackburn, SI & Hallegraeff, GM 1999, 'Comparative study of selenium requirements of three phytoplankton species: Gymnodinium catenatum, Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyta) and Chaetoceros cf. tenuissimus (Bacillariophyta)', JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1153-1169.
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This study investigated the selenium (Se) requirements of three phytoplankton species which commonly bloom in southern Australian estuaries. The present study showed that the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham had an obligate requirement f
Doblin, MA, Blackburn, SI & Hallegraeff, GM 1999, 'Growth and biomass stimulation of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham) by dissolved organic substances', JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY, vol. 236, no. 1, pp. 33-47.
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Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum are annually recurrent events in south-east Tasmanian waters. Extensive blooms are preceded by a rainfall trigger and the associated influx of dissolved organic matter (DOM; otherwise known as humi
Ralph, PJ 1999, 'Light-induced photoinhibitory stress responses of laboratory-cultured Halophila ovalis', BOTANICA MARINA, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 11-22.
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This paper details experiments performed to investigate the short-term stress effects of both high and low-light regimes on laboratory-cultured Halophila ovalis using chlorophyll fluorescence. Increasing irradiance up to 400 mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1) on
Ralph, PJ 1999, 'Photosynthetic response of Halophila ovalis (R-Br.) Hook. f. to combined environmental stress', AQUATIC BOTANY, vol. 65, no. 1-4, pp. 83-96.
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Combinations of stresses showed an additive effect in comparison to the individual stress responses. It is apparent from these results that thermal, elevated-light or osmotic stress increases the sensitivity of Halophila ovalis to any of the other stress
Ralph, PJ, Gademann, R, Larkum, AWD & Schreiber, U 1999, 'In situ underwater measurements of photosynthetic activity of coral zooxanthellae and other reef-dwelling dinoflagellate endosymbionts', MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES, vol. 180, pp. 139-147.
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Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to assess the iu situ photosynthesis of a range of reef-dwelling endosymbionts. Such non-intrusive in situ measurements became possible after the recent development of a submersible pulse modulated fluorometer (DIVING-PA
Sundaravadivel, M, Vigneswaran, S & Doeleman, JA 1999, 'Waste management in semi-urban areas of India: appropriate technological strategies to overcome financial barriers', Environmental Engineering and Policy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 91-104.
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The public health and environmental pollution problems due to inadequate treatment and inappropriate disposal of liquid and solid wastes generated in small and medium towns (referred to as semi-urban areas) of India receive insufficient attention. A field study of four towns in the State of Tamil Nadu was conducted to evaluate the current waste management practices in such semi-urban areas (SUAs). The study reveals that financial barriers for waste management arise due to a combination of policy and technological constraints. Based on the results of a preliminary waste characterization study and other observations made during the field study, reed bed channels and a semi-mechanized aerobic windrow composting process for the treatment of wastewater and municipal solid wastes, respectively, are recommended as appropriate technological options. The recommended technologies utilize existing arrangements for waste disposal, and aid an integrated resource recovery and reuse strategy that takes advantage of the geographic location and socioeconomic characteristics of SUAs to achieve lower waste management costs. Financial viability of the recommended technological approach is demonstrated through a comparative evaluation of competing treatment systems, and an estimation of costs and recoverable benefits resulting from waste reuse.
Vigneswaran, S & Moon, H 1999, 'Phosphorus removal by slag: experiments and mathematical modeling', Adsorption And Its Applications In Industry And Environmental Protection, Vol Ii Applications In Environmental Protection, vol. 120, pp. 533-569.
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Vigneswaran, S, Jegatheesan, V & Visvanathan, C 1999, 'Industrial waste minimization initiatives in Thailand: concepts, examples and pilot scale trials', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 43-47.
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Industrial waste pollution control is a major issue in waste management. To comply with the specific effluent standards, industries are forced to treat their waste before discharge. This is neither a cost effective nor an environmentally friendly solution. The first part of this paper presents different techniques by which the waste minimization can be achieved with examples. The second part of the paper highlights the waste minimization efforts made in three different types of industries, namely paper and pulp, tapioca starch and palm oil
Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Wee, KL 1999, 'Effluent recycle and waste minimization in prawn farm effluent', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 121-126.
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Prawn farms withdraw huge quantities of sea water and discharge 5â30% of it back to the estuary during water exchange process. The effluent from the prawn ponds contains large quantities of solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and algae and it cannot be discharged into the estuary or ocean without proper effluent treatment. Sedimentation could form a partial treatment system. In this study, about 28â38% removal was achieved at an overflow rate of 40 m3/m2.d. Because of low loading, it requires a large area. Co-culture systems may be technically feasible but it is difficult to control the prawns growth. Considering the water quantity requirement, it is necessary to design a high rate treatment system to treat the effluent and recycle it in the system. A high rate floating medium filter led to 68% removal of suspended solids at 20 m3/m2.h and with a depth of 1.2 m. The removal efficiency increased when flocculant was added. A combined downflow floating medium and sand filter gave rise to almost 90% solids and phosphorus removal. Another way is to control the nutrient discharge by optimizing the feed and reducing its waste. Ã 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Zhou, JL 1999, 'Treating China's water crisis', Chemistry and Industry (London), no. 8, pp. 309-311.
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Low rainfall in some areas, coupled with water wastage and high levels of pollution, is leading China to the brink of a major water crisis.
Zhou, JL 1999, 'Zn biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus and other fungi', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 686-693.
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Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, Evans, S, Donkin, P, Readman, JW, Mantoura, RFC & Rowland, S 1999, 'The partition of fluoranthene and pyrene between suspended particles and dissolved phase in the Humber Estuary: a study of the controlling factors', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 243-244, pp. 305-321.
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Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, House, WA, Long, JLA, Mantoura, RFC, Meharg, AA, Osborn, D & Wright, J 1999, 'Fluxes of Organic Contaminants from the River Catchment into, through and out of the Humber Estuary, UK', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 37, no. 3-7, pp. 330-342.
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Khalili, N & Khabbaz, MH 1970, 'Application of effective stress concept to unsaturated soils', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 849-854.
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The application of the effective stress concept to unsaturated soils is critically reviewed. The validity and the appropriateness of the relationship proposed by Khalili and Khabbaz (1996, 1998) for the determination of the effective stress parameter χ are examined using both shear strength and volumetric change data. Extremely good agreement is obtained between the measured and predicted values in all cases. It is shown that quantitative predictions of shear strength and deformation in unsaturated soils can be made using the effective stress concept. The model parameters will be exactly the same as those used in saturated soils, except for a single parameter which can be determined in any soil physics laboratory. This is in contrast to the current models of unsaturated soils, which require extensive laboratory testing.
Turner, BD & Smith, DW 1970, 'Toxicology and occupational health during remediation of contaminated sites', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 719-720.
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This paper reviews methods for understanding, assessing and controlling the exposure of workers to airborne contaminants while involved in the remediation of contaminated sites. Contaminants reviewed include asbestos, the oxides of chromium, beryllium and silica. Initial assessment should involve the collection of information on the types of contaminants present, their form and likely concentrations as well as their toxicity and exposure pathways. Measures are then considered for minimising exposure.
