Publications

Bossi, R, Cole, L, Spier, A & Dewey, F 1994, 'Monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for detection of mycelial antigens of B. cinerea in fruits and vegetables.' in Schots, A, Dewey, R & Oliver, R (eds), Modern assays for detection of plant pathogenic fungi: Identification, detection and quantification, CAB International, UK., pp. 165-172.

Brettel, RIS, Olive, MR & Dennis, ES 1994, 'Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Maize Cell Cultures' in Maize, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 445-455.
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Catalano, PJ & Ryan, LM 1994, '14 Statistical methods in developmental toxicology' in Handbook of Statistics, Elsevier, pp. 507-533.
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This chapter describes some of the statistical issues surrounding analysis of data from controlled developmental toxicity experiments in animals. After discussion of relevant background information, a typical experimental design is reviewed with discussion of the main statistical considerations involved in analyzing data from these experiments. Discussion follows to popular approaches for dose-response modeling, including both likelihood based and quasi-likelihood models. Attention is given to the general problem of handling multiple outcomes, a common occurrence in developmental toxicology. The issue of conducting risk assessment is then taken up by first reviewing the current method of defining allowable doses based on determining a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), or the dose preceding the lowest dose that differs significantly from controls. This is contrasted with more quantitative approaches such as determining a benchmark dose. Some recent advances in the area of risk assessment for multiple outcomes are also reviewed. © 1994 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Chaudhury, AM, Farrell, LB, Chapple, R, Blömer, KC, Craig, S & Dennis, ES 1994, 'Genetic and molecular dissection of male-fertility in higher plants' in Advances in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Springer Netherlands, pp. 403-422.
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Culliver, S, Nabarro, MN, Milthorpe, B, Cimmino, A, Cumming, WJ & Schindhelm, K 1994, 'Developing a Sensor for the Dynamic Measurement of Joint Pressure Distributions' in Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research, Springer Japan, pp. 103-112.
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Wang, CY & Carroll, RJ 1994, 'On Robust Estimation In Case-Control Studies with Errors in Covariates' in Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics V, Springer New York, pp. 107-120.
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Anast, M, Jamting, Å, Bell, JM & Ben-Nissan, B 1994, 'Surface morphology examination of sol-gel deposited TiO2 films', Thin Solid Films, vol. 253, no. 1-2, pp. 303-307.
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Thin films of TiO2 were deposited by spin-coating onto both single-point diamond machined (SPDM) disks and mechanically polished disks of aluminum. A titanium alkoxide sol-gel precursor was used and films were heat treated after deposition to remove organic components. This work is being undertaken to analyse the nature of the surface morphology produced by spin-coating, and to examine how the surface morphology can be modified. Detailed analysis of the surface morphology of the films was carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The uncoated surfaces of the SPDM samples show cutting marks characteristics of the single-point diamond machining process, while these have largely disappeared on the coated surfaces. The coatings show some regions where flow lines are apparent, probably arising from the spinning process, but are otherwise quite featureless, indicating good surface coverage in the spinning process. Line and area scans of the coated surfaces were used to measure the surface roughness. An analysis of measured roughness as a function of the area of measurement indicates that the measured roughness increases with the area of the measurement. This applies to both line and area scans. Roughness measurements over macroscopic lenghts were also carried out with a stylus profilometer and these results are compared with the AFM measurements. Line scans of the surface profile of the materials show long wavelength surface features in some of the samples which are attributed to the diamond machining process. © 1994.

Biñas, M & Johnson, AM 1994, 'Scientific hypothesis: a new strategy for the design of anti-protozoal drugs--DNA polymerase as a drug target.', Appl Parasitol, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 157-168.
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Chemotherapy against protozoan diseases has been practised since ancient times. Although still widely used, antiparasitic drugs are seldom completely effective. Complete elimination of an extensive protozoan infection usually requires a combination of drugs which target parasitic mechanisms very similar to the human host, as manifested by a multitude of side effects of varying severity. Furthermore, there is an escalating problem of widespread resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. Here we present an alternative strategy for the design of antiprotozoal agents using the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication as a possible drug target--DNA polymerase.

BISHOP, R, CRAIG, DC, DANCE, IG, SCUDDER, ML & UNG, AT 1994, 'HELICAL TUBULAND DIOL PHENOL CO-CRYSTALS', MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS, vol. 240, pp. 113-119.
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BOOTH, DJ & BERETTA, GA 1994, 'SEASONAL RECRUITMENT, HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS AND SURVIVAL OF POMACENTRID REEF FISH IN THE UNITED-STATES-VIRGIN-ISLANDS', CORAL REEFS, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 81-89.
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Patterns of distribution and abundance of coral reef fish depend in part on recruitment of a pelagic larval stage, on subsequent dispersal among habitats, and survival of new recruits. We studied recruitment of five species of Stegastes and two species o

BROWN, G & DOOLEY, AH 1994, 'DICHOTOMY THEOREMS FOR G-MEASURES', International Journal of Mathematics, vol. 05, no. 06, pp. 827-834.
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Carroll, RJ & Stefanski, LA 1994, 'Measurement error, instrumental variables and corrections for attenuation with applications to meta‐analyses', Statistics in Medicine, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1265-1282.
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AbstractMacMahon et al. present a meta‐analysis of the effect of blood pressure on coronary heart disease, as well as new methods for estimation in measurement error models for the case when a replicate or second measurement is made of the fallible predictor. The correction for attenuation used by these authors is compared to others already existing in the literature, as well as to a new instrumental variable method. The assumptions justifying the various methods are examined and their efficiencies are studied via simulation. Compared to the methods we discuss, the method of MacMahon et al. may have bias in some circumstances because it does not take into account: (i) possible correlations among the predictors within a study; (ii) possible bias in the second measurement; or (iii) possibly differing marginal distributions of the predictors or measurement errors across studies. A unifying asymptotic theory using estimating equations is also presented.

Carroll, RJ, Hall, P & Ruppert, D 1994, 'Estimation of Lag in Misregistered, Averaged Images', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 89, no. 425, pp. 219-229.
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CATALANO, P, RYAN, L & SCHARFSTEIN, D 1994, 'MODELING FETAL DEATH AND MALFORMATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDIES', RISK ANALYSIS, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 629-637.
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Chable, J, Roux, C & Lennard, C 1994, 'Collection of Fiber Evidence Using Water-Soluble Cellophane Tape', Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1520-1527.
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Abstract The collection and preservation of microtraces, such as fibers, using cellophane tape is generally accepted as being very practical and efficient. At the scene of a crime, for example, this means of sample collection is both easy and rapid, which explains in part its popularity. However, in addition to a very low specificity (high background), this technique suffers from one major disadvantage: the microtraces must undergo a long and tedious pretreatment before any detailed analysis is possible. This pretreatment involves the isolation and separation of the microtrace from the tape, followed by a solvent wash (usually with xylene) to remove all trace of the adhesive. A recently commercialized product alleviates some of the problems associated with sample collection by this means: “Mask Plus II” (No. 5414, Scotch™, St-Paul, MN) is a new cellophane tape that is completely soluble in water. Microtrace collection can be performed with this tape by the conventional lifting procedure. In the laboratory, the microtraces may then be conveniently released from the tape by immersion in warm water (60°C) with continual agitation. After solubilization of the cellophane tape, the microtraces are isolated by membrane filtration then allowed to air dry. The described technique has been thoroughly evaluated for fiber collection with comparison of the results with those obtained using conventional cellophane tape. Particular attention has been paid to operating conditions (temperature, humidity, conservation, etc.), collection efficiency, as well as possible alterations to the fibers themselves.

CHAMBERLAIN, DA, BRETTELL, RIS, LAST, DI, WITRZENS, B, MCELROY, D, DOLFERUS, R & DENNIS, ES 1994, 'THE USE OF THE EMU PROMOTER WITH ANTIBIOTIC AND HERBICIDE RESISTANCE GENES FOR THE SELECTION OF TRANSGENIC WHEAT CALLUS AND RICE PLANTS', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 95-112.
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CHAUDHURY, AM, DENNIS, ES & BRETTELL, RIS 1994, 'GENE-EXPRESSION FOLLOWING T-DNA TRANSFER INTO PLANT-CELLS IS APHIDICOLIN-SENSITIVE', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 125-131.
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CHAUDHURY, AM, LAVITHIS, M, TAYLOR, PE, CRAIG, S, SINGH, MB, SIGNER, ER, KNOX, RB & DENNIS, ES 1994, 'GENETIC-CONTROL OF MALE-FERTILITY IN ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA - STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF PREMEIOTIC DEVELOPMENTAL MUTANTS', SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17-28.

CHEHBOUNI, A, KERR, YH, QI, J, HUETE, AR & SOROOSHIAN, S 1994, 'TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIDIRECTIONAL VEGETATION INDEX', WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1281-1286.
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Cheung, HTA, Fu, SL & Smal, MA 1994, 'Inhibition of platelet aggregation by diterpene acids from Pinus massoniana resin', Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 17-25.
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The acidic fraction of the resin of Pinus massoniana Lamb. from China was converted to the p-nitrophenyl esters, and the esters separated by chromatography. The separated p-nitrophenyl esters were individually hydrolysed by potassium hydroxide in acetone-water at room temperature to 8 diterpene acids of the pimarane and abietane groups: pimaric acid (8(14),15-pimaradien-18-oic acid) (1), levopimaric acid (8(14),12-abietadien-18-oic acid (2), palustric acid (8,13-abietadien-18-oic acid) (3), neoabietic acid (8(14),13(15)-abietadien-18-oic acid) (4), abietic acid (7,13-abietadien-18-oic acid) (5), dehydroabietic acid (8,11,13-abietatrien-18-oic acid) (6), 7-oxodehydroabietic acid (7-oxo-8,11,13-abietatrien-18-oic acid) (7) and 7α-hydroxydehydroabietic acid (7α-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-18-oic acid) (8). The structure (and stereochemistry) of the diterpene acids were substantiated by nulear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton and carbon-13, one and two dimensional), by mass spectrometry (electron impact and methane chemical ionization) and by rotation measurements. The 8 diterpene acids were tested for their ability to inhibit the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by platelet activating factor (PAF), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and by calcium ionophore A23187. With platelet aggregation induced by the latter two agonists, activities comparable with or higher than linolenic acid were given by the first 4 acids. With aggregation induced by PAF, the first 3 acids show activity, but at a level significantly lower than that of linolenic acid. Levopimaric acid has the highest activity among the diterpene acids tested. It is proposed that this activity is related to the folded shape of the molecule.

CORTIE, M 1994, 'EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RESISTANCE TO TEARING OF TYPE 430 STAINLESS-STEEL SHEET', ISIJ INTERNATIONAL, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 443-450.
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The effect of temperature and specimen orientation on the tearing of type 430 stainless-steel sheet was examined. Tests were conducted at temperatures between -50 and +150-degrees-C (223 to 423 K) on compact tension and conventional tensile specimens man

Craddock, M 1994, 'Symmetry Groups of Partial Differential Equations, Separation of Variables, and Direct Integral Theory', Journal of Functional Analysis, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 452-479.
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We study unitary symmetries of linear differential equations. by applying representations theory we show how to decompose a Hilbert space of solution to certain classes of equations as direct integrals.

Djordjevic, S, Ho-Shon, M & Hornitzky, M 1994, 'DNA restriction endonuclease profiles and typing of geographically diverse isolates ofBacillus larvae', Journal of Apicultural Research, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 95-103.
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DNA isolated from each of 20 Bacillus larvae isolates of geographically diverse origin (17 from Australia, one each from Fiji, Mexico and New Zealand) and cultured on brain heart infusion agar was digested with a range of restriction endonucleases. Based

Djordjevic, SP, Eamens, GJ, Romalis, LF & Saunders, MM 1994, 'An improved enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of porcine serum antibodies against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae', Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 39, no. 3-4, pp. 261-273.
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DOLFERUS, R, JACOBS, M, PEACOCK, WJ & DENNIS, ES 1994, 'DIFFERENTIAL INTERACTIONS OF PROMOTER ELEMENTS IN STRESS RESPONSES OF THE ARABIDOPSIS ADH GENE', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 1075-1087.
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Ellis, J, Luton, K, Baverstock, PR, Brindley, PJ, Nimmo, KA & Johnson, AM 1994, 'The phylogeny of Neospora caninum', Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 341-342.
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ELLIS, J, LUTON, K, BAVERSTOCK, PR, BRINDLEY, PJ, NIMMO, KA & JOHNSON, AM 1994, 'THE PHYLOGENY OF NEOSPORA-CANINUM', MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 303-311.
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ELLIS, JT, MORRISON, DA, AVERY, D & JOHNSON, AM 1994, 'CODON USAGE AND BIAS AMONG INDIVIDUAL GENES OF THE COCCIDIA AND PIROPLASMS', PARASITOLOGY, vol. 109, pp. 265-272.
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Codon usage has been analysed in individual gene sequences, derived from a variety of parasitic protozoa in the class Sporozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa using metric multidimensional scaling. The two groups of codon usage patterns detected reflect the tw

FOSTER, PS, HOGAN, SP, HANSBRO, PM, O'BRIEN, R, POTTER, BVL, OZAKI, S & DENBOROUGH, MA 1994, 'The metabolism of d‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate and d‐myo‐inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate by porcine skeletal muscle', European Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 222, no. 3, pp. 955-964.
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In soluble and particulate extracts from muscle d‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and d‐myo‐inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] are metabolised stepwise to inositol. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is rapidly dephosphorylated to d‐myo‐inositol 1,4‐bisphosphate then to d‐myo‐inositol 4‐phosphate and finally inositol. In soluble extracts Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to d‐myo‐inositol 1,3,4‐trisphosphate then sequentially to d‐myo‐inositol 3,4‐bisphosphate, d‐myo‐inositol 3‐phosphate and inositol, while in particulate extracts d‐myo‐inositol 1,3‐bisphosphate is the predominant inositol bisphosphate formed. Dephosphorylation of these inositol polyphosphates is Mg2+ dependent and inhibited by d‐2,3‐bisphosphoglyceric acid. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is also phosphorylated to form Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in soluble extracts by Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase. Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase activity is Mg2+ and ATP dependent and is stimulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. Particulate (sarcotubular) inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatase (5‐phosphatase) is found in membranes which are intimately involved in excitation‐contraction coupling and the generation of the p...

FRANKLIN, J, DUNCAN, J, HUETE, AR, VANLEEUWEN, WJD, LI, XW & BEGUE, A 1994, 'RADIATIVE-TRANSFER IN SHRUB SAVANNA SITES IN NIGER - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS FROM HAPEX-SAHEL .1. MODELING SURFACE REFLECTANCE USING A GEOMETRIC-OPTICAL APPROACH', AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, vol. 69, no. 3-4, pp. 223-245.
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To use optical remote sensing to monitor land surface-climate interactions over large areas, algorithms must be developed to relate multispectral measurements to key variables controlling the exchange of matter (water, carbon dioxide) and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. The proportion of the ground covered by vegetation and the interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by vegetation are examples of two variables related to evapotranspiration and primary production, respectively. An areal-proportion model of the multispectral reflectance of shrub savanna, composed of scattered shrubs with a grass, forb or soil understory, predicted the reflectance of two 0.5 km2 sites as the area-weighted average of the shrub and understory or 'background' reflectances. Although the shaded crown and shaded background have darker reflectances, ignoring them in the area-weighted model is not serious when shrub cover is low and solar zenith angle is small. A submodel predicted the reflectance of the shrub crown as a function of the foliage reflectance and amount of plant material within the crown, and the background reflectance scattered or transmitted through canopy gaps (referred to as a soil-plant 'spectral interaction' term). One may be able to combine these two models to estimate both the fraction of vegetation cover and interception of PAR by green vegetation in a shrub savanna. © 1994.

GARCIA, JNP, MILTHORPE, BK, RUSSELL, D & JOHNSON, KA 1994, 'BIOMECHANICAL STUDY OF CANINE SPINAL FRACTURE FIXATION USING PINS OR BONE SCREWS WITH POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE', VETERINARY SURGERY, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 322-329.
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Gladstone, W 1994, 'Lek-like spawning, parental care and mating periodicity of the triggerfishPseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Balistidae)', Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 249-257.
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Gladstone, W & Dight, IJ 1994, 'Torres Strait baseline study', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 29, no. 1-3, pp. 121-125.
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Hansbro, PM, Foster, PS, Hogan, SP, Ozaki, S & Denborough, MA 1994, 'Purification and Characterization of D-myo-Inositol (1,4,5)/(1,3,4,5)-Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase from Skeletal Muscle', Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 311, no. 1, pp. 47-54.
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Hansbro, PM, Foster, PS, Liu, CS, Potter, BVL & Denborough, MA 1994, 'Kinetic Analysis of Novel Inhibitors of Inositol Polyphosphate Metabolism', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 200, no. 1, pp. 8-15.
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Harry, EJ, Partridge, SR, Weiss, AS & Wake, RG 1994, 'Conservation of the 168 divIB gene in Bacillus subtilis W23 and B. licheniformis, and evidence for homology to ftsQ of Escherichia coli', Gene, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 85-89.
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The chromosomal regions of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) W23 and Bacillus licheniformis (Bl), which span the sequence encoding the homolog of the division initiation gene, divIB, of Bs168 were cloned and sequenced. The high level of conservation of the amino ac

Harry, EJ, Rowland, SL, Malo, MS & Wake, RG 1994, 'Expression of divIB of Bacillus subtilis during vegetative growth', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 176, no. 4, pp. 1172-1179.
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Expression of the division initiation gene, divIB, of Bacillus subtilis vegetative growth was examined. lacZ fusion studies and transcription start point mapping have established that a sigma A promoter proximal to divIB is utilized in vivo. The -10 region of this promoter, which is located 93 bp upstream of the start codon, has been defined precisely by site-directed mutagenesis that destroys the promoter. Examination of transcripts by Northern (RNA) blotting has shown that there are at least two transcripts for divIB. The established proximal promoter was found to give rise to a very minor transcript which could not be convincingly demonstrated in wild-type cells but which became apparent upon insertion of a plasmid into the chromosome just upstream of this promoter. The major transcript for divIB originated from a site several kb upstream of the gene and is probably the same as the long polycistronic message also traversing the murD-spoVE-murG genes that was identified previously by others (A.D. Henriques, H. de Lencastre, and P.J. Piggot, Biochimie 74:735-748, 1992). Transcription from the proximal promoter alone, in an upstream-deletion mutant strain, provided sufficient DivIB for normal growth and division as well as sporulation.

HOFMANN, N & PLATEN, E 1994, 'STABILITY OF WEAK NUMERICAL SCHEMES FOR STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS', COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 28, no. 10-12, pp. 45-57.
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This paper considers numerical stability and convergence of weak schemes solving stochastic differential equations. A relatively strong notion of stability for a special type of test equations is proposed. These are stochastic differential equations wi

HOGAN, S, FOSTER, P, HANSBRO, P, OZAKI, S & DENBOROUGH, M 1994, 'Detection and partial purification of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase from porcine skeletal muscle', Cellular Signalling, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 233-243.
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Holzapfel, CW & Williams, DBG 1994, 'Heck Reactions of Some Cyclic Enol Ethers: Intramolecular Trapping of Migratory Palladium', Synthetic Communications, vol. 24, no. 15, pp. 2139-2146.
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HOSSAIN, MA, MCGEE, JD, GROVER, A, DENNIS, E, PEACOCK, WJ & HODGES, TK 1994, 'NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF A RICE GENOMIC PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE GENE THAT LACKS INTRONS - A PSEUDO-GENE', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 1697-1698.
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HUETE, A, JUSTICE, C & LIU, H 1994, 'DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATION AND SOIL INDEXES FOR MODIS-EOS', REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 224-234.
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One of the primary interests of the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program is to study the role of vegetation in biospheric processes. Currently, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is utilized to study and monitor vegetation activity on an operational basis at global scales. Recently developed variants to the NDVI equation, based on improved knowledge of atmosphere, canopy background, and sensor-view geometry, are being considered for use with the EOS Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor. A set of criteria is established to evaluate their performance with respect to the vegetation signal and atmospheric and soil sources of noise. These include the vegetation signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), % relative error, and vegetation equivalent noise (VEN), which form the basis for the evaluation and comparison of vegetation indices (VIs) across a wide range in vegetation covers. The NDVI variant equations outperformed the NDVI by minimizing atmospheric and/or soil background sources of contamination as well as increasing vegetation signal sensitivity. Preliminary estimates, based on the data sets tested here, indicate an overall level of uncertainty of ± 0.4 LAI (≈ 15% cover) with the use of the soil adjusted and atmospherically resistant vegetation index (SARVI), compared with ± 0.8 LAI (30% cover) for the NDVI. Eventually, the final evaluation and validation of VIs for MODIS will include a field campaign strategy, simulation studies, and a worldwide establishment of test sites that collectively cover a diverse range of biomes. Lastly, the retrieval of canopy biophysical information from these VIs are discussed. © 1994.

HUETE, AR & LIU, HQ 1994, 'AN ERROR AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC-CORRECTING AND SOIL-CORRECTING VARIANTS OF THE NDVI FOR THE MODIS-EOS', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 897-905.
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Several soil and atmospheric-correcting variants of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have been proposed to improve the accuracy in estimating biophysical plant parameters. In this study, a sensitivity analysis, utilizing simulated model data, was conducted on the NDVI and variants by analyzing the atmospheric and soil-perturbed responses as a continuous function of leaf area index. Percent relative error and vegetation equivalent “noise” (VEN) were calculated for soil and atmospheric influences, separately and combined. The NDVI variants included the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), the atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), the soil-adjusted and atmospherically resistant vegetation index (SARVI), the modified SAVI (MSAVI), and modified SARVI (MSARVI). Soil and atmospheric error were of similar magnitudes, but varied with the vegetation index. All new variants outperformed the NDVI. The atmospherically resistant versions minimized atmospheric noise, but enhanced soil noise, while the soil adjusted variants minimized soil noise, but remained sensitive to the atmosphere. The SARVI, which had both a soil and atmosphere calibration term, performed the best with a relative error of 10 percent and VEN of ±0.33 LAI. By contrast, the NDVI had a relative error of 20 percent and VEN of ±0.97 LAI. © 1994 IEEE

JONES, AS, MILTHORPE, BK & HOWLETT, CR 1994, 'MEASUREMENT OF MICROTOMY INDUCED SECTION DISTORTION AND ITS CORRECTION FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL HISTOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS', CYTOMETRY, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 95-105.
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The presence of microtomy induced distortion in paraffin sections is a significant hindrance to the accurate alignment of sections for three-dimensional reconstructive techniques. Measurement of section distortion in various rat tissues demonstrated distortions to be present in all sections, with over 85% of such distortions being manifest as expansions when compared to the original distances between a series of eight drilled fiducial marks. Mean percentage dimensional changes in the direction of the cutting stroke and at right angles to this direction were -0.5 ± 1.5% and 3.7 ± 1.2% for liver, 7.6 ± 2.4% and 9.1 ± 1.2% for kidney, 6.6 ± 2.3% and 10.5 ± 1.4% for lung, and 20.3 ± 6.6% and 8.9 ± 5.9% for skeletal muscle. Individual sections invariably displayed measurable distortions, with only skeletal muscle showing any consistent pattern, in the form of barrel distortion at right angles to the cutting stroke. In addition a method of distortion correction and simultaneous image alignment is presented as a means of section alignment with full distortion correction capability. This method uses a quadratic polynomial transform in a non-linear unwarping algorithm, to correct for the rotational and translational misalignment as well as for microtomy and camera aspect ratio distortions. Application of this method to a sequence of 46 serial sections demonstrated an alignment accuracy to within 2.6 ± 0.8 pixels

KYOZUKA, J, OLIVE, M, PEACOCK, WJ, DENNIS, ES & SHIMAMOTO, K 1994, 'PROMOTER ELEMENTS REQUIRED FOR DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OF THE MAIZE ADH1 GENE IN TRANSGENIC RICE', PLANT CELL, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 799-810.

Larkum, AW, Scaramuzzi, C, Cox, GC, Hiller, RG & Turner, AG 1994, 'Light-harvesting chlorophyll c-like pigment in Prochloron.', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 679-683.
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A chlorophyll c-like pigment, similar to magnesium-3,8-divinyl pheoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester, has been isolated from Prochloron sp. obtained from five species of didemnid ascidians from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and from Palau, Micronesia. The pigment represents 4-15% of the total chlorophyll content and is shown to function in a light-harvesting pigment protein complex of Prochloron. The observation that all of the major chlorophylls (a+b+c) function in a light-harvesting role in Prochloron and possibly in other prochlorophytes is discussed in terms of the phylogeny of the prochlorophytes.

LEGLER, JM, RYAN, LM, HARVEY, EA & HOLMES, LB 1994, 'ANTICONVULSANT TERATOGENESIS .2. STATISTICAL-METHODS FOR MULTIPLE BIRTH OUTCOMES', TERATOLOGY, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 74-79.
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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of generalized estimating equations to assess an exposure effect using multiple birth outcomes. This multivariate approach provides the flexibility of regression modeling and improved power, as compared to series of univariate analyses or collapsing the multiple endpoints to a single indicator of affectedness. Motivating the discussion will be a large cohort study designed to assess the effects of anticonvulsant medications on a variety of birth outcomes, including major malformations, and growth and weight parameters, as well as a broad spectrum of minor physical anomalies. Because the study is still in progress, the aim here is not to present a definitive analysis, but to present and describe the application of these recently developed statistical methods to analyze studies with multiple outcomes. For simplicity, we will focus on the control and drug‐exposed groups only from that study (ignoring the seizure history group), and we will concentrate on an analysis of minor physical anomalies. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Copyright © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company

Leitch, EC, Fergusson, CL, Henderson, RA & Morand, VJ 1994, 'Late Palaeozoic arc flank and fore‐arc basin sequence of the New England fold belt in the stanage bay region, central Queensland', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 301-310.
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Devonian and Carboniferous (Yarrol terrane) rocks, Early Permian strata, and Permian-(?) Triassic plutons outcrop in the Stanage Bay region of the northern New England Fold Belt. The rocks of the Yarrol terrane accumulated in shallow (Mt Holly, Campwyn) and deeper (Neerkol) marine conditions proximal to an active magmatic arc which was probably of continental margin type. The Youlambie Conglomerate was deposited unconformably above the Yarrol terrane in a rift basin. Late Permian regional deformation, which involved east-west horizontal shortening achieved by folding, cleavage formation and east-over-west thrusting, increases in intensity towards the east. -from Authors

Leitch, EC, Fergusson, CL, Henderson, RA & Morand, VJ 1994, 'Ophiolitic and metamorphic rocks in the Percy Isles and Shoalwater Bay region, New England Fold Belt, central Queensland', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 571-579.
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Ophiolitic and metamorphic rocks of the eastern part of the New England Fold Belt in the Shoalwater Bay region and the Percy Isles are grouped in the Marlborough and Shoalwater terranes, respectively. Marlborough terrane units occur on South Island (Percy Isles) and comprise the Northumberland Serpentinite, antigorite serpentinite with rodingite and more silicic dykes and mafic inclusions, the Chase Point Metabasalt, some 800+ metres of pillow lava, and the intervening South Island Shear Zone containing fault-bounded slices of mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks, schist, and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and zones of mélange. The Shoalwater terrane, an ancient subduction complex, consists of the Shoalwater Formation greenschist facies metamorphosed quartz sandstone and mudstone on North East Island and on the mainland at Arthur Point, the Townshend Formation, amphibolite-grade quartzite, schist and metabasalt on Townshend Island, and the Broome Head Metaffiorphics on the western side of Shoalwater Bay, upper amphibolite facies quartz-rich gneiss. With the exception of a sliver emplaced onto the western Yarrol terrane, possibly by gravity sliding, Shoalwater terrane rocks show the effects of Late Permian polyphase deformation. The Shacks Mylonite Zone along the northwest edge of the Broome Head Metamorphics marks a zone of oblique thrusting and is part of the major Stanage Fault Zone. The latter is a northeast-striking oblique-slip dextral tear fault active during Late Permian west- directed thrusting that emplaced large ultramafic sheets farther south. Marlborough terrane rocks were emplaced along the Stanage Fault Zone, probably from the arc basement on which rocks of the Yarrol terrane were deposited. Structural trends and the distribution of rock units in the Shoalwater Bay-Percy Isles region are oblique to the overall structural trend of the northern New England Fold Belt, probably due to the presence of a promontory in the convergent margin active in this...

Leslie, LM & Skinner, TCL 1994, 'Real-Time Forecasting of the Western Australian Summertime Trough: Evaluation of a New Regional Model', Weather and Forecasting, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 371-383.
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Leslie, LM, Hess, GD & Habjan, EE 1994, 'The Performance of Four Global Models over the Australian Region', Weather and Forecasting, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 229-240.
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LU, TX, REIMERS, JR, CROSSLEY, MJ & HUSH, NS 1994, 'RIGID FUSED OLIGOPORPHYRINS AS POTENTIAL VERSATILE MOLECULAR WIRES .1. GEOMETRY AND CONNECTIVITY OF 1,4,5,8-TETRAAZAANTHRACENE-BRIDGED SYSTEMS', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 98, no. 46, pp. 11878-11884.
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Mackenstedt, U, Luton, K, Baverstock, PR & Johnson, AM 1994, 'Phylogenetic relationships of Babesia divergens as determined from comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences', Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 161-165.
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Makioka, A & Ellis, J 1994, 'DNA polymerases of parasitic protozoa', International Journal for Parasitology, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 463-476.
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Marron, JS 1994, 'Visual Understanding of Higher-Order Kernels', Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 447-458.
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Multivariate extensions of binning techniques for fast computation of kernel estimators are described and examined. Several questions arising from this multivariate extension are addressed. The choice of binning rule is discussed, and it is demonstrated that linear binning leads to substantial accuracy improvements over simple binning. An investigation into the most appropriate means of computing the multivariate discrete convolutions required for binned kernel estimators is also given. The results of an empirical study indicate that, in multivariate settings, the fast Fourier transform offers considerable time savings compared to direct calculation of convolutions. © 1994, American Statistical Association, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and Interface Foundation of North America.

Marsh, DJ, Robinson, BG, Andrew, S, Richardson, A-L, Pojer, R, Schnitzler, M, Mulligan, LM & Hyland, VJ 1994, 'A Rapid Screening Method for the Detection of Mutations in the RET Proto-oncogene in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A and Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Families', Genomics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 477-479.
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McDougald, D, Simpson, LM, Oliver, JD & Hudson, MC 1994, 'Transformation ofVibrio vulnificus by electroporation', Current Microbiology, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 289-291.
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McGowan, EM, Hayden, MB, Edwards, SJ, Pye, D, Love, DN & Whalley, JM 1994, 'Expression and characterisation of equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein H using a recombinant baculovirus', Archives of Virology, vol. 137, no. 3-4, pp. 389-395.
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McInnes, KL, McBride, JL & Leslie, LM 1994, 'Cold Fronts over Southeastern Australia: Their Representation in an Operational Numerical Weather Prediction Model', Weather and Forecasting, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 384-409.
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McMurry, LM, George, AM & Levy, SB 1994, 'Active efflux of chloramphenicol in susceptible Escherichia coli strains and in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants', Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 542-546.
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The multiple-antibiotic resistance (mar) locus (min 34) regulates a resistance to chloramphenicol in Escherichia coli that does not involve acetyltransferase. Transport studies showed that wild-type cells had an apparent endogenous active efflux of chloramphenicol which depended on the proton motive force. This efflux was not altered by a 39-kb chromosomal deletion which included the mar locus. Nevertheless, mutations at the mar locus led to a stronger net chloramphenicol efflux. Therefore, a gene encoding the putative efflux system cannot be at the mar locus but may be positively influenced by that locus.

Meier, PC 1994, 'A Chinese Application for Australian Medicinal Plants', Meeting Point, vol. 4.

Melrose, J, Rodgers, K & Ghosh, P 1994, 'The Preparation and Use of Biotinylated Trypsin in Western Blotting for the Detection of Trypsin Inhibitory Proteins', Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 222, no. 1, pp. 34-43.
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Methods were developed for the preparation of biotinylated trypsin of high specific activity. This was used as a probe for the detection of serine proteinase inhibitory proteins which had been separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient s

MILLAR, AA, OLIVE, MR & DENNIS, ES 1994, 'THE EXPRESSION AND ANAEROBIC INDUCTION OF ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE IN COTTON', BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS, vol. 32, no. 7-8, pp. 279-300.
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MILTHORPE, BK 1994, 'XENOGRAFTS FOR TENDON AND LIGAMENT REPAIR', BIOMATERIALS, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 745-752.
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MOON, AR & PHILLIPS, MR 1994, 'DEFECT CLUSTERING AND COLOR IN FE,TI-ALPHA-AL2O3', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 356-367.
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A comprehensive theory is presented which successfully explains the polarization, isothermal, and isochronal behavior of the optical absorption bands responsible for the color in blue and blue-green sapphire (Fe,Ti alpha-Al2O3). The experimental study on

Morrison, D, Ellis, J & Johnson, A 1994, 'An empirical comparison of distance matrix techniques for estimating codon usage divergence', Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 533-536.
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Nana, S, Cortie, M, Paton, R & Enright, D 1994, 'Environmentally assisted cracking of martensitic stainless steels in goldmining environments', British Corrosion Journal, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 271-274.
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The environmentally assisted cracking of martensitic stainless steels in gold mine environments has been investigated. The experimental work was focused on the possibility of cracking in type 431 stainless steel and in an experimental material similar to type 420. Four types of mine water were studied, ranging from neutral to acidic, with various chloride contents. Stagnant, anaerobic conditions in two of the waters were simulated in the laboratory by the addition of 25 ppm sulphide ions. Specimen geometries examined included C ring specimens, compact tension specimens, and tensile specimens (type 431); and a notched tension specimen (experimental alloy). C ring specimens of type 431 were inserted into flow loops at two gold mines. Cracking under aerated or flowing conditions at the mines was slow or absent. However, all the alloys examined were susceptible to cracking under the stagnant conditions simulated in the laboratory. © 1994 Maney Publishing.

Nassif, NT, Glenn, WK & Mackinlay, AG 1994, 'The organization of the ?-globin gene of the bivalve mollusc Anadara trapezia and its evolutionary relationship to other invertebrate and vertebrate globin genes', Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 47-55.
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NEWTON, RA, RAFTOS, DA, RAISON, RL & GECZY, CL 1994, 'CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSES OF HAGFISH (VERTEBRATA, AGNATHA) LEUKOCYTES', DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 295-303.
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The chemotactic responses of hagfish leucocytes were tested using a variety of chemoattractants. Leucocyte migration was significantly enhanced by purified mammalian complement anaphylotoxin (C5a) and LPS-activated hagfish plasma. Checkerboard analyses c

NORDON, RE, MILTHORPE, BK, SCHINDHELM, K & SLOWIACZEK, PR 1994, 'AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL OF AFFINITY CELL-SEPARATION', CYTOMETRY, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 25-33.
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Cell affinity separations are based on the selective attachment of cell pheno-type using antibody or lectins specific for cell surface markers. The major physico-chemical factors which influence ligand-mediated cell adhesion dynamics and the efficiency of cell affinity separation have been examined. Uniform cell detachment forces were generated with a parallel-plate flow cell (plate separation 100 m, surface area 3 cm2). Hydrodynamic shear stress was used to measure cell adhesion strength and to separate cells on the basis of surface affinity. Human cell lines grown in tissue culture were separated on a flat derivatised glass immunoadsorbent which formed the floor of the flow chamber. Flow-cell residence time, detachment shear stress, temperature, and ligand density were shown to influence cell attachment probability. An understanding of the physical basis of ligand-mediated cell adhesion provided a rationale for optimisation of affinity cell separation. At room temperature attachment of positive cells was rapid (<2 min) and adhesion strength was directly related to immunoadsorbent ligand density. Purity and recovery of enriched fractions were dependent on the separation shear stress and could be optimised using this parameter. Enrichment factors were greater than 100-fold, with at least 90% of positive cells recovered in enriched fractions. Enrichment purity and yields did not decline at higher loading densities (105 cells/cm2). Selective immunoadsorbent surface chemistry is a prerequisite for efficient affinity cell separation. Purity and recovery may be optimised by fractionating enriched and depleted cell populations with uniform fluid shear stress.

Novikov, A & Pfeffer, WF 1994, 'An Invariant Riemann Type Integral Defined by Figures', Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 849-849.
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PALEY, AV, RADCHIK, AV, SMITH, GB & VAGOV, AV 1994, 'POLARIZATION OF INTERSECTING PARTICLES', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 64, no. 23, pp. 3187-3189.
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An exact expression for the polarizability of intersecting circular cylinders has been derived covering all degrees of intersection and arbitrary complex dielectric constants for the particle material. This enables a comparison between the induced dipole

PINKER, RT, KUSTAS, WP, LASZLO, I, MORAN, MS & HUETE, AR 1994, 'BASIN-SCALE SOLAR IRRADIANCE ESTIMATES IN SEMIARID REGIONS USING GOES 7', WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1375-1386.
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PLATEN, E & REBOLLEDO, R 1994, 'PRICING VIA ANTICIPATIVE STOCHASTIC CALCULUS', ADVANCES IN APPLIED PROBABILITY, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1006-1021.
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The paper proposes a general model for pricing of derivative securities. The underlying dynamics follows stochastic equations involving anticipative stochastic integrals. These equations are solved explicitly and structural properties of solutions are st

Purser, RJ & Leslie, LM 1994, 'An Efficient Semi-Lagrangian Scheme Using Third-Order Semi-Implicit Time Integration and Forward Trajectories', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 745-756.
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QI, J, CHEHBOUNI, A, HUETE, AR, KERR, YH & SOROOSHIAN, S 1994, 'A MODIFIED SOIL ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX', REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 119-126.
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There is currently a great deal of interest in the quantitative characterization of temporal and spatial vegetation patterns with remotely sensed data for the study of earth system science and global change. Spectral models and indices are being developed to improve vegetation sensitivity by accounting for atmosphere and soil effects. The soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) was developed to minimize soil influences on canopy spectra by incorporating a soil adjustment factor L into the denominator of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) equation. For optimal adjustment of the soil effect, however, the L factor should vary inversely with the amount of vegetation present. A modified SAVI (MSAVI) that replaces the constant L in the SAVI equation with a variable L function is presented in this article. The L function may be derived by induction or by using the product of the NDVI and weighted difference vegetation index (WDVI). Results based on ground and aircraft-measured cotton canopies are presented. The MSAVI is shown to increase the dynamic range of the vegetation signal while further minimizing the soil background influences, resulting in greater vegetation sensitivity as defined by a 'vegetation signal' to 'soil noise' ratio. © 1994.

QI, J, HUETE, AR, CABOT, F & CHEHBOUNI, A 1994, 'BIDIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES AND UTILIZATIONS OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRA FROM A SEMIARID WATERSHED', WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1271-1279.
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Raadsma, HW, O'Meara, TJ, Egerton, JR, Lehrbach, PR & Schwartzkoff, CL 1994, 'Protective antibody titres and antigenic competition in multivalent Dichelobacter nodosus fimbrial vaccines using characterised rDNA antigens', Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 253-274.
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The relationship between K-agglutination antibody titres and protection against experimental challenge with Dichelobacter nodosus, the effect of increasing the number of D. nodosus fimbrial antigens, and the importance of the nature of additional antigens in multivalent vaccines on antibody response and protection against experimental challenge with D. nodosus were examined in Merino sheep. A total of 204 Merino sheep were allocated to one of 12 groups, and vaccinated with preparations containing a variable number of rDNA D. nodosus fimbrial antigens. The most complex vaccine contained ten fimbrial antigens from all major D. nodosus serogroups, while the least complex contained a single fimbrial antigen. In addition to D. nodosus fimbrial antigens, other bacterial rDNA fimbrial antigens (Moraxella bovis Da12d and Escherichia coli K99), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used in some vaccines. Antibody titres to fimbrial antigens and BSA were measured by agglutination and ELISA tests, respectively. Antibody titres were determined on five occasions (Weeks 0, 3, 6, 8, and 11 after primary vaccination). All sheep were exposed to an experimental challenge with virulent isolates of D. nodosus from either serogroup A or B, 8 weeks after primary vaccination. For D. nodosus K-agglutinating antibody titres, a strong negative correlation between antibody titre and footrot lesion score was observed. This relationship was influenced by the virulence of the challenge strain. Increasing the number of fimbrial antigens in experimental rDNA D. nodosus fimbrial vaccines resulted in a linear decrease in K-agglutinating antibody titres to individual D. nodosus serogroups. Similarly, a linear decrease in protection to challenge with homologous serogroups was observed as the number of D. nodosus fimbrial antigens represented in the vaccine increased. The reduction in antibody titres in multicomponent vaccines is thought to be due to antigenic competition. The level of competition bet...

RADCHIK, AV, PALEY, AV, SMITH, GB & VAGOV, AV 1994, 'POLARIZATION AND RESONANT ABSORPTION IN INTERSECTING CYLINDERS AND SPHERES', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 4827-4835.
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The polarization of a pair of merging spheres and merging cylinders of any complex dielectric constant immersed in an external electric field has been solved. Any degree of intersection, including touching, is covered by the result. The method for cyli

RAISON, RL, COVERLEY, J, HOOK, JW, TOWNS, P, WESTON, KM & RAFTOS, DA 1994, 'A CELL-SURFACE OPSONIC RECEPTOR ON LEUKOCYTES FROM THE PHYLOGENETICALLY PRIMITIVE VERTEBRATE, EPTATRETUS-STOUTI', IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 326-332.
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A humoral recognition molecule that is homologous to the mammalian complement components C3, C4 and C5 has recently been identified in the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti. One function of this complement-like protein (CLP) is to opsonize foreign mater

REEDY, BJ & BLACKBURN, NJ 1994, 'PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HALF-APO DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE BY SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF CU-A - IDENTIFICATION OF A SULFUR LIGAND AT THE DIOXYGEN BINDING-SITE BY EXAFS AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 116, no. 5, pp. 1924-1931.
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Progress has been made in determining the individual coordination of each of the copper sites (CUA and CUB) which comprise the active center in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Previous studies (Blackburn et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266, 23 120-27) have determ

REEDY, BJ, BEATTIE, JK & LOWSON, RT 1994, 'O-18 SULFATE ISOTOPOMERS MONITORED BY INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY', APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 691-694.
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Infrared spectroscopy has been used with oxygen-18 isotopic tracer experiments to provide insight into the mechanism of formation of sulfate by the air oxidation of sulfite, thiosulfate, or tetrathionate ions. The relative amounts of each of the differen

REIMERS, JR & HUSH, NS 1994, 'ELECTRON-TRANSFER AND ENERGY-TRANSFER THROUGH BRIDGED SYSTEMS .3. TIGHT-BINDING LINKAGES WITH ZERO OR NONZERO ASYMPTOTIC BAND-GAP', JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY, vol. 82, no. 1-3, pp. 31-46.
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REIMERS, JR & HUSH, NS 1994, 'THE INFLUENCE OF SPIN-FORBIDDEN MONOMER EXCITATIONS ON SPIN-ALLOWED ELECTRON-TRANSFER AND ELECTRON-LOCALIZED STATES OF MIXED-VALENCE AND SINGLE-VALENCE DIMERIC SYSTEMS', INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA, vol. 226, no. 1-2, pp. 33-42.
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REUBEN, AJ, RADCHIK, AV, SMITH, GB & VAGOV, AV 1994, 'EXACT FIELDS IN MULTIELECTRODE ION OPTICS', RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 939-941.
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The exact determination of electrostatic potential is vital in specifying the resolution in ion-beam focusing devices such as quadrupole mass spectrometers (QMS). Current numerical routines are marked by poor convergence on boundaries and become unwieldy

Rice, SA & Lam, V 1994, 'Amino acid substitution mutations in the herpes simplex virus ICP27 protein define an essential gene regulation function', Journal of Virology, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 823-833.
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ICP27 is an essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) alpha protein that is required for the transition from the beta to the gamma phase of infection. To identify functional regions of ICP27, we constructed 16 plasmids that contain nucleotide substitution mutations in the ICP27 gene. The mutations created XhoI restriction sites, altered one or two codons, and were spaced at semiregular intervals throughout the coding region. Three mutations completely inactivated an essential function of ICP27, as demonstrated by the inability of the transfected plasmids to complement the growth of an HSV-1 ICP27 deletion mutant. These mutations, M11, M15, and M16, mapped in the carboxyl-terminal one-third of ICP27 at residues 340 and 341, 465 and 466, and 488, respectively. In cotransfection assays, all three defective-plasmid mutants retained the transrepression function of ICP27 but were defective at transactivation. To define the lytic functions that are mediated by the transactivation activity of ICP27, we engineered HSV-1 recombinants containing the M11, M15, or M16 mutation. All three viral mutants failed to grow in Vero cells and possessed similar phenotypes. The viral mutants replicated their DNA similarly to the wild-type virus but showed several defects in viral gene expression. These were a failure to down-regulate alpha and beta genes at late times after infection and an inability to induce certain gamma-2 genes. Our results demonstrate that the transactivation function of ICP27 (as it is defined in cotransfection assays) mediates an essential gene regulation function during the HSV-1 infection. This activity is not required for ICP27-dependent enhancement of viral DNA replication. Our work supports and extends previous studies which suggest that ICP27 carries out two distinct regulatory activities during the HSV-1 infection.

Rice, SA, Long, MC, Lam, V & Spencer, CA 1994, 'RNA polymerase II is aberrantly phosphorylated and localized to viral replication compartments following herpes simplex virus infection', Journal of Virology, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 988-1001.
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During lytic infection, herpes simplex virus subverts the host cell RNA polymerase II transcription machinery to efficiently express its own genome while repressing the expression of most cellular genes. The mechanism by which RNA polymerase II is directed to the viral delayed-early and late genes is still unresolved. We report here that RNA polymerase II is preferentially localized to viral replication compartments early after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. Concurrent with recruitment of RNA polymerase II into viral compartments is a rapid and aberrant phosphorylation of the large subunit carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). Aberrant phosphorylation of the CTD requires early viral gene expression but is not dependent on viral DNA replication or on the formation of viral replication compartments. Localization of RNA polymerase II and modifications to the CTD may be instrumental in favoring transcription of viral genes and repressing specific transcription of cellular genes.

Rohde, K, Luton, K, Baverstock, PR & Johnson, AM 1994, 'The phylogenetic relationships of Kronborgia (Platyhelminthes, Fecampiida) based on comparison of 18S ribosomal DNA sequences', International Journal for Parasitology, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 657-669.
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Approximately 580 bp at the 5' end of the small subunit RNA gene were amplified by PCR for 19 platyhelminth taxa, and Homo and Anemia were used as outgroups. These were analysed to test the hypothesis that fecampiids and Neodermata are sister groups. No evidence was found that the fecampiid Kronborgia isopodicola is closely related to the Neodermata or to the Rhabdocoela (in which the fecampiids are usually included). Morphological, including ultrastructural, characters and DNA data do not support a close relationship of fecampiids with any other platyhelminth taxon, although the DNA sequence analysis provides some evidence that the Acoela and Tricladida are closest. Fecampiids are sufficiently different from any other platyhelminth group to warrant establishment of a class, Fecampiida, for them. A diagnosis of the new class is given. © 1994.

RUNNING, SW, JUSTICE, CO, SALOMONSON, V, HALL, D, BARKER, J, KAUFMANN, YJ, STRAHLER, AH, HUETE, AR, MULLER, J-P, VANDERBILT, V, WAN, ZM, TEILLET, P & CARNEGGIE, D 1994, 'Terrestrial remote sensing science and algorithms planned for EOS/MODIS', International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 15, no. 17, pp. 3587-3620.
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The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be the primary daily global monitoring sensor on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites, scheduled for launch on the EOS-AM platform in June 1998 and the EOS-PM platform in December 2000. MODIS is a 36 channel radiometer covering 0-415-14-235 μm wavelengths, with spatial resolution from 250 m to 1 km at nadir. MODIS will be the primary EOS sensor for providing data on terrestrial biospheric dynamics and process activity. This paper presents the suite of global land products currently planned for EOSDIS implementation, to be developed by the authors of this paper, the MODIS land team (MODLAND). These include spectral albedo, land cover, spectral vegetation indices, snow and ice cover, surface temperature and fire, and a number of biophysical variables that will allow computation of global carbon cycles, hydrologic balances and biogeochemistry of critical greenhouse gases. Additionally, the regular global coverage of these variables will allow accurate surface change detection, a fundamental determinant of global change. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Ruppert, D & Wand, MP 1994, 'Multivariate Locally Weighted Least Squares Regression', The Annals of Statistics, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1346-1370.
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Russell, RC, Doggett, SL, Munro, R, Ellis, J, Avery, D, Hunt, C & Dickeson, D 1994, 'Lyme disease: a search for a causative agent in ticks in south-eastern Australia.', Epidemiol Infect, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 375-384.
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Attempts were made to identify the causative organism of Lyme disease in Australia from possible tick vectors. Ticks were collected in coastal areas of New South Wales, Australia, from localities associated with putative human infections. The ticks were dissected; a portion of the gut contents was examined for spirochaetes by microscopy, the remaining portion inoculated into culture media. The detection of spirochaetes in culture was performed using microscopy, and immunochemical and molecular (PCR) techniques. Additionally, whole ticks were tested with PCR for spirochaetes. From 1990 to 1992, approximately 12,000 ticks were processed for spirochaetes. No evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi or any other spirochaete was recovered from or detected in likely tick vectors. Some spirochaete-like objects detected in the cultures were shown to be artifacts, probably aggregates of bacterial flagellae. There is no definitive evidence for the existence in Australia of B. burgdorferi the causative agent of true Lyme disease, or for any other tick-borne spirochaete that may be responsible for a local syndrome being reported as Lyme disease.

SLOGGETT, G, MCKENZIE, DR, COCKAYNE, DJH, SMITH, GB, JENKINS, B, FOLEY, CP, TAKANO, Y, STUDER, AJ, HAUB, JG & ORR, BJ 1994, 'IN-SITU DEPOSITION OF HIGH-TC MATERIALS USING VACUUM-ARC ABLATION WITH MACROPARTICLE FILTER', PHYSICA B, vol. 194, pp. 2353-2354.
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Vacuum arc ablation is shown to be a new deposition technique for depositing YBCO thin films in situ with zero resistance below 85 K. A high deposition rate was achieved from small specimens. The size of macroparticles is larger than for laser ablation f

STUART, BH & WILLIAMS, DR 1994, 'THE SOLVENT-INDUCED SWELLING OF POLY(ETHER ETHER KETONE) BY 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE', POLYMER, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1326-1328.
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UDVARDI, MK, METZGER, JD, KRISHNAPILLAI, V, PEACOCK, WJ & DENNIS, ES 1994, 'CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF A FULL-LENGTH CDNA FROM THLASPI-ARVENSE L THAT ENCODES A CYTOCHROME-P-450', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 755-756.
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UNG, AT, BISHOP, R, CRAIG, DC, DANCE, IG & SCUDDER, ML 1994, 'FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF A NEW FAMILY OF ORGANIC COCRYSTALS', CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1269-1281.
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VAGOV, AV, RADCHIK, A & SMITH, GB 1994, 'OPTICAL-RESPONSE OF ARRAYS OF SPHERES FROM THE THEORY OF HYPERCOMPLEX VARIABLES', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 1035-1038.
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Transformation from the three-dimensional hypercomplex X (x, y, z) frame to another which has infinite dimensions but has the symmetry properties of an array built in allows the Laplace equation to be solved in structures for which it is nonseparable. Th

VANLEEUWEN, WJD, HUETE, AR, DUNCAN, J & FRANKLIN, J 1994, 'RADIATIVE-TRANSFER IN SHRUB SAVANNA SITES IN NIGER - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS FROM HAPEX-SAHEL .3. OPTICAL-DYNAMICS AND VEGETATION INDEX SENSITIVITY TO BIOMASS AND PLANT COVER', AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, vol. 69, no. 3-4, pp. 267-288.
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A shrub savannah landscape in Niger was optically characterized utilizing blue, green, red and near-infrared wavelengths. Selected vegetation indices were evaluated for their performance and sensitivity to describe the complex Sahelian soil/vegetation canopies. Bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF) of plants and soils were measured at several view angles, and used as input to various vegetation indices. Both soil and vegetation targets had strong anisotropic reflectance properties, rendering all vegetation index (VI) responses to be a direct function of sun and view geometry. Soil background influences were shown to alter the response of most vegetation indices. N-space greenness had the smallest dynamic range in VI response, but the n-space brightness index provided additional useful information. The global environmental monitoring index (GEMI) showed a large VI dynamic range for bare soils, which was undesirable for a vegetation index. The view angle response of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), atmosphere resistant vegetation index (ARVI) and soil atmosphere resistant vegetation index (SARVI) were asymmetric about nadir for multiple view angles, and were, except for the SARVI, altered seriously by soil moisture and/or soil brightness effects. The soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) was least affected by surface soil moisture and was symmetric about nadir for grass vegetation covers. Overall the SAVI, SARVI and the n-space vegetation index performed best under all adverse conditions and were recommended to monitor vegetation growth in the sparsely vegetated Sahelian zone. © 1994.

Wand, MP 1994, 'Fast Computation of Multivariate Kernel Estimators', Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 433-445.
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WAND, MP & JONES, MC 1994, 'MULTIVARIATE PLUG-IN BANDWIDTH SELECTION', COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 97-116.

Welsh, AH, Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1994, 'Fitting Heteroscedastic Regression Models', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 89, no. 425, pp. 100-116.
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In heteroscedastic regression models assumptions about the error distribution determine the method of consistent estimation of parameters. For example, consider the case where the model specifies the regression and dispersion functions for the data but robustness is of concern and one wishes to use least absolute error regressions. Except in certain special circumstances, parameter estimates obtained in this way are inconsistent. In this article we expand the heteroscedastic model so that all of the common methods yield consistent estimates of the major model parameters. Asymptotic theory shows the extent to which standard results on the effect of estimating regression and dispersion parameters carry over into this setting. Careful attention is given to the question of when one can adapt for heteroscedasticity when estimating the regression parameters. We find that in many cases such adaption is not possible. This complicates inference about the regression parameters but does not lead to intractable difficulties. We also extend regression quantile methodology to obtain consistent estimates of both regression and dispersion parameters. Regression quantiles have been used previously to test for heteroscedasticity, but this appears to be their first application to modeling and estimation of dispersion effects in a general setting. A numerical example is used to illustrate the results. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

WESTON, KM, ALSALAMI, M & RAISON, RL 1994, 'CELL-MEMBRANE CHANGES INDUCED BY THE CYTOLYTIC PEPTIDE, MELITTIN, ARE DETECTABLE BY 90-DEGREES LASER SCATTER', CYTOMETRY, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 141-147.
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The 90 degrees light scatter parameter of the now cytometer was used to observe changes in the membrane of human lymphoblastoid cells (HMy2) as a result of the action of the cytolytic peptide, melittin. There was a rapid and concentration-dependent incre

WHITCHURCH, CB & MATTICK, JS 1994, 'CHARACTERIZATION OF A GENE, PILU, REQUIRED FOR TWITCHING MOTILITY BUT NOT PHAGE SENSITIVITY IN PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA', MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1079-1091.
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Type 4 fimbriae (or pili) are associated with a farm of bacterial surface translocation known as twitching motility. Fimbriae are also associated with sensitivity to certain bacteriophages such as PO4. Transposon mutagenesis was used to generate a librar

WHITCHURCH, CB & MATTICK, JS 1994, 'ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONTAINS A SET OF GENES HOMOLOGOUS TO THOSE INVOLVED IN PROTEIN SECRETION, DNA UPTAKE AND THE ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-4 FIMBRIAE IN OTHER BACTERIA', GENE, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 9-15.
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A specialised system involved in a diverse array of functions, including the biogenesis of fimbriae, protein secretion and DNA uptake, has recently been found to be widespread in the eubacteria. These systems have in common several sets of related genes,

Winkler, M, Rice, SA & Stamminger, T 1994, 'UL69 of human cytomegalovirus, an open reading frame with homology to ICP27 of herpes simplex virus, encodes a transactivator of gene expression', Journal of Virology, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 3943-3954.
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The UL69 open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is homologous to the immediate-early protein ICP27 of herpes simplex virus, an essential viral regulatory protein involved in the transition from early to late gene expression. Genes with homology to ICP27 have been detected in all subclasses of herpesviruses so far. While the respective proteins in alpha- and gammaherpesviruses have been defined as trans-regulatory molecules, nothing is known about these genes in betaherpesviruses. This study was therefore undertaken in order to investigate expression from the UL69 gene locus of HCMV. Northern (RNA) blot experiments revealed a complex pattern of transcripts that changed during the time course of the HCMV replicative cycle: two transcripts of 2.7 and 3.5 kb that were regulated differentially could be detected as early as 7 h after infection. However, these transcripts could not be detected in the presence of cycloheximide. Additional, larger transcripts were present exclusively at late times after infection. To analyze protein expression from the UL69 gene region, the UL69 open reading frame was expressed as a histidine-tagged protein in Escherichia coli. A specific antiserum was generated and used to detect the UL69 protein in HCMV-infected cells which revealed its localization within the intranuclear inclusions that are characteristic for HCMV infection. In cotransfection experiments, an HCMV true late promoter could not be activated by UL69, whereas an early promoter and several heterologous promoters were stimulated about 10-fold. Complementation studies showed that the UL69 protein cannot substitute for ICP27 in the context of the HSV infection, suggesting functional differences between these two proteins. In summary, these experiments define a novel regulatory protein encoded by HCMV that is expressed as an early-late gene and appears to exert a broad stimulatory effect on gene expression.

Wolff, IM & Cortie, MB 1994, 'The development of Spangold', Gold Bulletin, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 44-54.
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The underlying mechanisms of martensitic phase transformations in gold alloys have attracted a great deal of study. Whereas their technological exploitation in shape-memory devices has found only limited application, the Spangold concept introduces a novel application - that of using the transformation to decorate gold ornaments. This article examines the attributes of suitable alloys and the development of a prototype alloy for use in jewellery. © 1994 World Gold Council.

ZENG, J, CRAW, JS, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1994, 'SOLVENT EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR AND IONIC SPECTRA .4. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF FE2+(H2O)(6) IN WATER REVISITED - POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR THE PRIMARY ABSORPTION PROCESS LEADING TO ELECTRON EJECTION', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 98, no. 43, pp. 11075-11088.
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Ajani, PA 1970, 'Hunter Environmental Monitoring Program 1992-1994 (Invited Oral Presentation). Australian Wastewater Association 1994, Newcastle Australia.', Hunter Environmental Monitoring Program 1992-1994. P. A.
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Invited Oral Presentation

Ajani, PA 1970, 'Hunter Environmental Monitoring Program 1992-1994 (Invited Oral Presentation). Newcastle Council’s River Watch Committee, 1994, Newcastle Australia.', Hunter Environmental Monitoring Program 1992-1994. P. A.
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Invited Oral Presentation

BELL, JM, BARCZYNSKA, J, EVANS, LA, MACDONALD, KA, WANG, J, GREEN, DC & SMITH, GB 1970, 'ELECTROCHROMISM IN SOL-GEL DEPOSITED TIO2 FILMS', OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XIII, 13th Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion, in Honor of Professor Adolf Goetzberger, SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, FREIBURG, GERMANY, pp. 324-331.
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Breit, SN, Robbins, J, Sutherland, G, Por, S & Valenzuela, S 1970, 'The Cloning And Characterization Of A Novel Macrophage Activation Gene', Faseb Journal, Federation Amer Soc Exp Biol, ISI:A1994ND19601234, pp. 1-1.
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NA

BRETTELL, RLS, CHAMBERLAIN, DA, DREW, AM, MCELROY, D, WITRZENS, B & DENNIS, ES 1970, 'ASSESSMENT OF METHODS FOR THE GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION OF WHEAT', IMPROVEMENT OF CEREAL QUALITY BY GENETIC ENGINEERING, Symposium on Improvement of Cereal Quality by Genetic Engineering, during the Guthrie Centenary Conference, PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, COOGEE BEACH, AUSTRALIA, pp. 3-9.

Brodie, JE, Dight, IJ & Gladstone, W 1970, 'Metal concentrations in marine sediments and biota from the Torres Strait: preliminary results from the Tores Strait Baseline Study', PACON 94, James Cook University, Townsville.

CATALANO, PJ, RYAN, LM, SENCHAUDHURI, P & AMER STAT ASSOC, SSE 1970, 'Developmental toxicity modeling for risk assessment', AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON STATISTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Statistics-and-the-Environment of the American-Statistical-Association, Amer Statistical Assoc, TORONTO, CANADA, pp. 38-45.
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NA

de Lira, GR, Batchily, K, Hongtao, J & Huete, AR 1970, 'Optical and seasonal variations along the U.S.-Mexico border: an analysis with Landsat TM imagery', Proceedings of IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA, pp. 1044-1045.
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DOLFERUS, R, DEBRUXELLES, G, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1970, 'REGULATION OF THE ARABIDOPSIS ADH-GENE BY ANAEROBIC AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES', ANNALS OF BOTANY, Session on Flooding and Submergence Mechanisms of Injury and Adaptation, at the XV International Botanical Congress, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN, pp. 301-308.
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Epiphanio, JCN, Huete, AR & Hui Qing Liu 1970, 'Influence of Sun-view geometries on the relationships among vegetation indices, LAI, and absorbed PAR', Proceedings of IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA, pp. 1455-1457.
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Gladstone, W 1970, 'The Farasan Islands - biological resources, conservation status, human uses and impacts - a basis for management.', Joint Scientific Conference, Australian Marine Sciences Association/Australian Coral Reef Society/International Society for Reef, Townsville.

Gladstone, W 1970, 'The Farasan marine environment: biological resources, conservation status and human use', Symposium on the Red Sea Marine Environment, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Huete, AR, Liu, H, de Lira, GR, Batchily, K & Escadafal, R 1970, 'A soil color index to adjust for soil and litter noise in vegetation index imagery of arid regions', Proceedings of IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA, pp. 1042-1043.
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HUETE, AR, LIU, HY & LIU, HQ 1970, 'DIRECTIONAL VEGETATION INDEX INTERACTIONS IN ASAS IMAGERY', IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94), IEEE, CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA, pp. 1813-1815.

HUNT, NH, VANREYK, DM, FRAGONAS, JC, JEITNER, TM & GOLDSTONE, SD 1970, 'REDOX MECHANISMS IN T-CELL ACTIVATION', OXIDATIVE STRESS, CELL ACTIVATION AND VIRAL INFECTION, International Meeting on Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection, BIRKHAUSER VERLAG, MINIST RES, PARIS, FRANCE, pp. 237-251.

LINDSEY, JC & RYAN, LM 1970, 'A COMPARISON OF CONTINUOUS-TIME AND DISCRETE-TIME 3-STATE MODELS FOR RODENT TUMORIGENICITY EXPERIMENTS', ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, International Biostatistics Conference in the Study of Toxicology, US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE, TOKYO, JAPAN, pp. 9-17.
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The three-state illness-death model provides a useful way to characterize data from a rodent tumorigenicity experiment. Most parametrizations proposed recently in the literature assume discrete time for the death process and either discrete or continuous

LIU, HQ & HUETE, A 1970, 'A SYSTEMS BASED MODIFICATION OF THE NDVI TO MINIMIZE SOIL AND ATMOSPHERIC NOISE', IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94), IEEE, CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA, pp. 128-130.

MCELROY, D, ZHANG, W, XU, D, WITRZENS, B, GUBLER, F, JACOBSEN, J, WU, R, BRETTELL, RIS & DENNIS, ES 1970, 'DEVELOPMENT OF PROMOTER SYSTEMS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF FOREIGN GENES IN TRANSGENIC CEREALS', IMPROVEMENT OF CEREAL QUALITY BY GENETIC ENGINEERING, Symposium on Improvement of Cereal Quality by Genetic Engineering, during the Guthrie Centenary Conference, PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, COOGEE BEACH, AUSTRALIA, pp. 55-69.

SPEER, MS & LESLIE, LM 1970, 'Predictibility of meso-beta convection using a high resolution NWP model', NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION 10TH CONFERENCE (NWP), 10th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, PORTLAND, OR, pp. 472-474.

Tuch, BE, Beretov, J, Mackie, JD, Beynon, S, Simpson, AM & Rolph, M 1970, 'Preventing the rejection of grafted human fetal pancreas.', Transplant Proc, United States, p. 704.

van Leeuwen, WJD, Huete, AR & Walthall, CL 1970, 'Biophysical interpretation of a spectral mixture model based on a radiative transfer model and observational data', Proceedings of IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA, pp. 1458-1460.
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Martin, B, Hawes, C, Dewey, F & Cole, L 1994, 'Immunogold labelling of fungal cell surface antigens: The application of controlled freeze-drying techniques.'.