Publications

Asselberghs, I, Clays, K, Persoons, A, McDonagh, AM, Ward, MD & McCleverty, JA 2003, 'In situ reversible electrochemical switching of the molecular first hyperpolarizability', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 368, no. 3-4, pp. 408-411.
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In situ reversible electrochemical switching of the molecular second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polarizability, or first hyperpolarizability, has been implemented in a specially designed cell. The redox-switchable NLO chromophore is based on the octamethylferrocene/octamethylferrocenium redox system as electron-donor (D) group, in conjunction with nitrothiophene as the electron-acceptor (A) group and ethenyl as the π-conjugation bridge. This D-π-A chromophore has been shown to exhibit reversible redox switching of its linear and nonlinear optical properties.The importance and potential of this electrochemical switching of the first hyperpolarizability is discussed in the context of current and future applications of second-order NLO effects. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Basic, D, Zhu, JG & Boardman, G 2003, 'Transient performance study of a brushless doubly fed twin stator induction generator', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 400-408.
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This paper presents theoretical, simulation, and experimental study of the brushless doubly fed twin stator induction generator (BDFTSIG) dynamics under vector control based on the orientation on the power machine stator flux. A complex transfer function is derived which links the control current and power winding current space vectors in the field coordinates. Based on this result, the transient response of the BDFTSIG to step changes in the control current is examined theoretically. The oscillatory transients are explained in detail and linked to control flux transients triggered whenever operation point of the generator is changed. Furthermore, BDFTSIG operation with closed loop control of the power machine active and reactive powers is examined theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that in the closed loop operation, the system damping may be reduced so that the PI controller gains must be properly selected to achieve a good transient response.

Biggs, BT, Cortie, MB, Witcomb, MJ & Cornish, LA 2003, 'Platinum Alloys for Shape Memory Applications', PLATINUM METALS REVIEW, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 142-156.
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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are materials that can change their shape at a specific temperature and are used in applications as diverse as sensors, temperature sensitive switches, force actuators, fire-safety valves, orthodontic wires, fasteners, and couplers. The possible advantages offered by platinum-based SMAs involving the metals: iron, aluminium, gallium, titanium, chromium, and vanadium, are considered here and the likely systems upon which such alloys might be based are assessed. It is suggested that the most promising candidate systems are ternary-alloyed variations of the Pt3Al and PtTi phases, although SMAs based on PtFe3 have potential for low temperature applications. It appears possible to engineer a shape memory transition in the (Pt, Ni)Ti system anywhere between room temperature and 1000°C, a versatility which is probably unique among all known SMAs.

Blann, K, Williams, DBG, Roodt, A & Muller, A 2003, '(1R*,5R*,6S*,7R*)-6,7-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one', Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. o1551-o1553.
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Caddy, J, Williams, DBG, Roodt, A & Muller, A 2003, '(1R*,5S*,6S*,7R*)-6,7-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one', Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. o1095-o1097.
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Cheah, IK, Cheema, SS, Langford, SJ, Lopes, EC, Macfarlane, KJ, Petratos, S & Turner, BJ 2003, 'Design and application of a peptide nucleic acid sequence targeting the p75 neurotrophin receptor', Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 13, no. 14, pp. 2377-2380.
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Cortie, M 2003, 'New uses for gold in the emerging field of nanotechnology', GOLD BULLETIN, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 74-74.
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Dredge, P, Wuhrer, R & Phillips, MR 2003, 'Monet's painting under the microscope', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 139-143.
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An oil painting by Claude Monet, Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile 1887 (collection of the Art Gallery of New South Wales), was examined to determine both the identity of the pigments used by the artist in this painting and his technique of mixing colors and laying paint on the canvas. The extremely complex construction of the painting was revealed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and X-ray mapping (XRM) analysis of cross sections of paint flakes excised from damaged regions of Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile. Nine different pigments were found on the painting. Many of the identified colors were modern pigments that became available only late in the 19th century as a result of scientific advances in pigment chemistry. Although similar colors were available in a natural mineral form, they lacked the vivid color of their manufactured counterparts. The use of these new synthetic metallic oxide colors by Monet accounts for the brilliance of his paintings. In addition, a separation between successive paint layers was observed in some areas of paint chip cross sections, indicating that oil-based paint was applied to paint that had dried, and consequently, Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile was painted over a long period of time. This observation is contrary to the general perception of Monet's technique of painting freely and quickly.

Fee, M, Staines, MP, Buckley, RG, Watterson, PA & Jian Guo Zhu 2003, 'Calculation of AC loss in an HTS wind turbine generator', IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 2193-2196.
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Gelhausen, O, Klein, HN, Phillips, MR & Goldys, EM 2003, 'Electron irradiation-induced electro-migration and diffusion of defects in Mg-doped GaN', PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH, vol. 239, no. 2, pp. 310-315.
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In-plane- and depth-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) microanalysis and spectroscopy was carried out to study the impact of electron injection on electro-migration and diffusion of native defects and residual impurities in rapidly thermally annealed (RTA) Mg-doped p-type GaN. During intense electron beam irradiation (e.g. Eb, = 10 keV, Ib = 80 nA), an electric field is generated within the primary beam interaction volume. We observed the following two electric field-related effects: (i) an increased electron recombination length and a subsequent field-assisted charge spreading, which causes a dissociation of Mg-H complexes beyond the interaction volume of the primary electron beam, and ii) thermally assisted electro-migration of positively charged, mobile defects leading to the formation of deeper complexes, which are highly stable and act as nonradiative recombination pathways. Furthermore, the diffusion of electron beam-dissociated hydrogen was found to result in the passivation of Mg acceptors beyond the charge recombination volume. © 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Gelhausen, O, Klein, HN, Phillips, MR & Goldys, EM 2003, 'Low-energy electron-beam irradiation and yellow luminescence in activated Mg-doped GaN', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 83, no. 16, pp. 3293-3295.
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A study was performed on the effect of low-energy electron-beam irradiation (LEEBI) in activated Mg-doped GaN. The residual impurities and native defects in metalorganic-vapor-phase-epitaxy-grown, GaN were also studied. Excitation power density-resolved and temperature-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy was used for the study. It was found that the LEEBI-treatment dissociated neutral Mg-H complexes and other hydrogenated defect complexes and gave rise to additional radiative recombination channels.

Gelhausen, O, Phillips, MR & Goldys, EM 2003, 'A method to improve the light emission efficiency of Mg-doped GaN', JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 36, no. 23, pp. 2976-2979.
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Scanning cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and imaging were used to study the effect of post-growth processing on the CL efficiency of metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy-grown Mg-doped GaN. In this work, two treatments, thermal annealing in high-purity gaseous atmospheres (N2, O2 and H2(5%)/N2) and low-energy electron beam irradiation (LEEBI), have been investigated. Post-growth annealing in a H2/N2 atmosphere followed by LEEBI leads to a significant enhancement of the free electron-to-bound Mg-acceptor (e, Mg) CL emission and a reduction of nonradiative centres involving native defects. The presented results demonstrate that the combination of post-growth annealing in a H2/N2 atmosphere and LEEBI dissociation of Mg-H complex acceptors significantly improves the light emitting efficiency of Mg-doped p-type GaN. Conversely, the samples annealed in a N2 or O2 atmosphere exhibit a reduced (e, Mg) emission after both annealing and LEEBI treatment.

Godlewski, M, Guziewicz, E, Kopalko, K, Lusakowska, E, Dynowska, E, Godlewski, MM, Goldys, EM & Phillips, MR 2003, 'Origin of white color light emission in ALE-grown ZnSe', JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE, vol. 102, no. SPEC, pp. 455-459.
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We discuss light emission properties from thin films of ZnSe grown by atomic layer epitaxy on GaAs (100). White color emission is observed in photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence, due to the observation of three RGB emission bands. We demonstrate possibility of color tuning by either variation of film thickness or, in cathodoluminescence experiments, variation of an accelerating voltage. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Godlewski, M, Ivanov, VY, Goldys, EM, Phillips, M, Böttcher, T, Figge, S, Hommel, D, Czernecki, R, Prystawko, P, Leszczynski, M, Perlin, P, Grzegory, I & Porowski, S 2003, 'Cathodoluminescence Profiling of InGaN-Based Quantum Well Structures and Laser Diodes - In-Plane Instabilities of Light Emission', Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 689-694.
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Instabilities of light emission and also of stimulated emission in series of GaN epilayers and InGaN quantum well structures, including laser diode structures, are studied. A stimulated emission is observed under electron beam pumping. This enabled us to study light emission properties from laser structures and their relation to microstructure details. We demonstrate large in-plane fluctuations of light emission and that these fluctuations are also present for excitation densities larger than the threshold densities for the stimulated emission.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2003, 'Comparative study of 3-D flux electrical machines with soft magnetic composite cores', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1696-1703.
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Guo, ZP, Konstantinov, K, Wang, GX, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Preparation of orthorhombic LiMnO2 material via the sol–gel process', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 221-225.
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Guo, ZP, Zhong, S, Wang, GX, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Structure and electrochemical characteristics of LiMn0.7M0.3O2 (M=Ti, V, Zn, Mo, Co, Mg, Cr)', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 348, no. 1-2, pp. 231-235.
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Hai Yan Lu, Jian Guo Zhu & Hui, SYR 2003, 'Experimental determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1105-1112.
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Hughes, JA, De Bruyn, R, Patel, K, Langford, S & Thompson, D 2003, 'Three‐dimensional sonographic evaluation of the infant spine: Preliminary findings', Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 9-20.
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AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to evaluate normal spinal anatomy in neonates and infants as seen by 3‐dimensional sonography (3D US), to determine the value of 3D US in the evaluation of occult spinal dysraphia in infants, and to correlate the findings of 3D US with those of 2‐dimensional sonography (2D US) and MRI, when available.MethodsWe used 2D US and 3D US to examine the lumbosacral spine in infants with cutaneous stigmata, syndromes associated with spinal dysraphia, and abnormal radiographs. We also evaluated, as controls, healthy infants who had no markers of spinal abnormality. 2D sonograms, 3D sonograms, radiographs, and MRI scans, when available, were compared to assess differences in the display of the infant spine.ResultsIn total, we examined 29 infants: 18 subjects and 11 control infants. The correlation between 2D US and 3D US was 100% in the detection of congenital defects of the spinal cord, although 3D US allowed superior visualization of the vertebral bodies and posterior spinal elements. When a gross abnormality of the posterior spinal elements occurred with pathologic overlying soft tissue, interpretation was simpler with MRI than with sonography.Conclusions3D US is a useful adjunct to 2D US when screening the infant spine for congenital defects, particularly in showing alignment of posterior spinal elements and integrity of vertebral bodies. This ability is important because posterior spinal defects may be associated with underlying spinal cord abnormalities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:9–20, 2003

Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH & Maex, K 2003, 'Compressive stress relaxation through buckling of a low-k polymer-thin cap layer system', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1380-1382.
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Iacopi, F, Tokei, Z, Stucchi, M, Brongersma, SH, Vanhaeren, D & Maex, K 2003, 'Characterization of porous structure in ultra-low-k dielectrics by depositing thin conductive cap layers', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, vol. 65, no. 1-2, pp. 123-131.
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Iacopi, F, Tokei, Z, Stucchi, M, Lanckmans, F & Maex, K 2003, 'Diffusion barrier integrity and electrical performance of Cu/porous dielectric damascene lines', IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 147-149.
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Langford, SJ & Yann, T 2003, 'Molecular Logic:  A Half-Subtractor Based on Tetraphenylporphyrin', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 125, no. 37, pp. 11198-11199.
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Langford, SJ & Yann, T 2003, 'Molecular Logic:  A Half-Subtractor Based on Tetraphenylporphyrin   [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 11198−11199].', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 125, no. 48, pp. 14951-14951.
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Levey, FC, Cortie, MB & Cornish, LA 2003, 'Determination of the 76 wt.% Au section of the Al-Au-Cu phase diagram', JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, vol. 354, no. 1-2, pp. 171-180.
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The substitution of Al for Cu along the 76 wt.% Au section of the Al-Au-Cu system causes the phase of the Au-Cu edge to be successively replaced by a ternary electron compound, a ternary extension of the Cu-Al electron compound, designated here as ', and finally the compound AuAl2. A vertical section of this part of the phase diagram has been determined and is presented here, and the relationships between the phases explored. It is considered likely that the section contains the peritectic reactions L+-> and L+'->. Both the and the phases form ordered phases at lower temperatures.

Lindsay, MJ, Wang, GX & Liu, HK 2003, 'Al-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 84-87.
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Maex, K, Baklanov, MR, Shamiryan, D, Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH & Yanovitskaya, ZS 2003, 'Low dielectric constant materials for microelectronics', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 8793-8841.
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Maharaj, F, McDonagh, A, Scudder, M, Craig, D & Dance, I 2003, 'Crystal packing principles for ferrocenyl groups linked by polyyne chains: dimorphism of Fc-C4-Fc', CrystEngComm, vol. 5, no. 53, pp. 305-305.
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The crystal structure and packing of a new dimorph (2B) of 1,4-diferrocenyl-1,3-butadiyne (Fc-C4-Fc, 2) is described and analysed, and compared with the different crystal packing of dimorph 2A. This analysis is made in the context of the polymorphic crystal packing of ferrocene (1), and the crystal packing of 1,8-diferrocenyl-octatetrayne, Fc-C 4-Fc. In 2B the packing is layered, allowing the Fc groups to be organised in approximately square arrays of well-developed edge-to-face (EF) motifs, very similar to the arrangement in the monoclinic and triclinic polymorphs of ferrocene. The C4 chains are sandwiched between the Fc layers in 2B. The same molecule in 2A is packed with some offset-face-to-face (OFF) motifs between Fc groups, and with a motif in which C4 chains occupy the grooves between cyclopentadienyl rings of Fc. In FcC8Fc the packing is dominated by the C8 chains, surrounded by six molecules, two of which present cyclopentadienyl faces to the C8 chain, and four present the groove in the ferrocenyl group, with no EF or OFF motifs. In this progression of structure types and intermolecular motifs for molecules Fc-Cn-Fc, the members with C4 occur at the transition between the ferrocenyl dominant intermolecular motifs and the C n chain dominant features. Dimorph 2A is like the longer chain structure, while 2B is like ferrocene. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2003.

McDonagh, AM, Powell, CE, Morrall, JP, Cifuentes, MP & Humphrey, MG 2003, 'Convergent Synthesis of Alkynylbis(bidentate phosphine)ruthenium Dendrimers', Organometallics, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1402-1413.
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The convergent synthesis of alkynylbis(bidentate phosphine)ruthenium dendrimers was discussed. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of alkynylmetal complexes were also examined. It was demonstrated that electron-rich organometallic dendrimers with metals dispersed through the dendritic structures were synthetically accessible.

Mungkornasawakul, P, Pyne, SG, Jatisatienr, A, Supyen, D, Lie, W, Ung, AT, Skelton, BW & White, AH 2003, 'Stemocurtisine, the first pyrido[1,2-a]azapine Stemona alkaloid', JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 980-982.
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A new pentacyclic stemona alkaloid, stemocurtisine (2), with a novel pyrido[1,2-a]azapine A,B-ring system, has been isolated from a root extract of Stemona curtisii. The structure and relative stereochemistry was determined by spectral data interpretation and X-ray crystallography

Mungkornasawakul, P, Pyne, SG, Jatisatienr, A, Supyen, D, Lie, W, Ung, AT, Skelton, BW & White, AH 2003, 'Stemocurtisine, the first pyrido[1,2-a]azapine Stemona alkaloid. (vol 66, pg 980, 2003)', JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 1404-1404.
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Phillips, MR, Telg, H, Kucheyev, SO, Gelhausen, O & Toth, M 2003, 'Cathodoluminescence efficiency dependence on excitation density in n-type gallium nitride', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 144-151.
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Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra from silicon doped and undoped wurtzite n-type GaN have been measured in a SEM under a wide range of electron beam excitation conditions, which include accelerating voltage, beam current, magnification, beam diameter, and specimen temperature. The CL intensity dependence on excitation density was analyzed using a power-law model (ICL ∝ Jm) for each of the observed CL bands in this material. The yellow luminescence band present in both silicon and undoped GaN exhibits a close to cube root (m = 0.33) dependence on electron beam excitation at both 77 K and 300 K. However, the blue (at 300 K) and donor-acceptor pair (at 77 K) emission peaks observed in undoped GaN follow power laws with exponents of m = 1 and m = 0.5, respectively. As expected from its excitonic character, the near band edge emission intensity depends linearly (m = 1) in silicon doped GaN and superlinearly (m = 1.2) in undoped GaN on the electron beam current. Results show that the intensities of the CL bands are highly dependent not only on the defect concentration but also on the electron-hole pair density and injection rate. Furthermore, the size of the focussed electron beam was found to have a considerable effect on the relative intensities of the CL emission peaks. Hence SEM parameters such as the objective lens aperture size, astigmatism, and the condenser lens setting must also be considered when assessing CL data based on intensity measurements from this material.

Powell, CE, Cifuentes, MP, McDonagh, AM, Hurst, SK, Lucas, NT, Delfs, CD, Stranger, R, Humphrey, MG, Houbrechts, S, Asselberghs, I, Persoons, A & Hockless, DCR 2003, 'Organometallic complexes for nonlinear optics.', Inorganica Chimica Acta, vol. 352, no. 6, pp. 9-18.
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The syntheses of the alkynyl complexes M(4-C≡CC6H4NO2)(dppe)(η-C 5H5) [M=Fe (1), Ru (2), Os (3)], Os(4-C≡CC6H4NO2)(PPh3) 2(η-C5H5) (4) and Ru(4-C≡CC6H4NO2)(CO)2 (η-C5H5) (5) are reported. Structural studies reveal a decrease in Ru-C(1) distance on proceeding from 5 to 2, consistent with greater back-donation of electron density to the alkynyl ligand from the more electron-rich metal center in 2. Electrochemical data show that the MII/III couple for the dicarbonyl complex 5 is at a significantly more positive potential than that of the related diphosphine complex 2, consistent with ligand variation modifying the electron richness and hence donor strength of the metal center. Time-dependent density functional calculations on model complexes M(4-C≡CC6H4NO2)(PH3) 2(η-C5H5) (M=Fe, Ru, Os) have been employed to assign the intense low-energy optical transition in these complexes as MLCT in character, the higher energy band being phenyl-phenyl* in nature. Molecular quadratic optical nonlinearities have been measured using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering procedure at 1064 nm. β values vary as Fe≤Ru≤Os for metal variation and CO

Shamiryan, D, Baklanov, MR, Yanovitskaya, ZS, Zverev, AV, Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F & Maex, K 2003, 'Evaluation of thin Ta(N) film integrity deposited on porous glasses', OPTICA APPLICATA, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 91-96.

Turner, BJ, Cheah, IK, Macfarlane, KJ, Lopes, EC, Petratos, S, Langford, SJ & Cheema, SS 2003, 'Antisense peptide nucleic acid‐mediated knockdown of the p75 neurotrophin receptor delays motor neuron disease in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice', Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 752-763.
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AbstractRe‐expression of the death‐signalling p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is associated with injury and neurodegeneration in the adult nervous system. The induction of p75NTR expression in mature degenerating spinal motor neurons of humans and transgenic mice with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggests a role of p75NTR in the progression of motor neuron disease (MND). In this study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated novel antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) constructs targeting p75NTR as a potential gene knockdown therapeutic strategy for ALS. An 11‐mer antisense PNA directed at the initiation codon, but not downstream gene sequences, dose‐dependently inhibited p75NTR expression and death‐signalling by nerve growth factor (NGF) in Schwann cell cultures. Antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (PS‐ODN) sequences used for comparison failed to confer such inhibitory activity. Systemic intraperitoneal administration of this antisense PNA to mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) transgenic mice significantly delayed locomotor impairment and mortality compared with mice injected with nonsense or scrambled PNA sequences. Reductions in p75NTR expression and subsequent caspase‐3 activation in spinal cords were consistent with increased survival in antisense PNA‐treated mice. The uptake of fluorescent‐labelled antisense PNA in the nervous system of transgenic mice was also confirmed. This study suggests that p75NTR may be a promising antisense target in the treatment of ALS.

Wang, GX, Ahn, J-H, Yao, J, Lindsay, M, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes for energy storage', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 16-23.
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Wood, BR, Langford, SJ, Cooke, BM, Glenister, FK, Lim, J & McNaughton, D 2003, 'Raman imaging of hemozoin within the food vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites', FEBS Letters, vol. 554, no. 3, pp. 247-252.
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Micro‐Raman spectra of hemozoin encapsulated within the food vacuole of a Plasmodium falciparum‐infected erythrocyte are presented. The spectrum of hemozoin is identical to the spectrum of β‐hematin at all applied excitation wavelengths. The unexpected observation of dramatic band enhancement of A1g modes including ν4 (1374 cm−1) observed when applying 780 nm excitation enabled Raman imaging of hemozoin in the food vacuole. This unusual enhancement, resulting from excitonic coupling between linked porphyrin moieties in the extended porphyrin array, enables the investigation of hemozoin within its natural environment for the first time.

Yao, J, Wang, GX, Ahn, J-H, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Electrochemical studies of graphitized mesocarbon microbeads as an anode in lithium-ion cells', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 292-297.
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Yatsunenko, S, Khachapuridze, A, Ivanov, VY, Godlewski, M, Khoi, LV, Gołacki, Z, Karczewski, G, Goldys, EM, Phillips, M, Klar, PJ & Heimbrodt, W 2003, 'Spin Dependent Interactions of Free Carriers and Manganese Ions in Nanostructures of Wide Band Gap II-Mn-VI Semiconductors - Mechanism of Lifetime Reduction', Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 643-648.
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The spin dependent interactions of free carriers and manganese ions in nanostructures of wide band gap were discussed. The observed lifetime shortening of intrashell manganese ion emission was related to spin dependent magnetic interactions. The mechanism was found to be active in both bulk and low dimensional structures.

YouGuang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, Jin Jiang Zhong & Wei Wu 2003, 'Core losses in claw pole permanent magnet machines with soft magnetic composite stators', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 3199-3201.
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This paper presents the core loss calculation in soft magnetic composite (SMC) samples and a claw pole permanent magnet machine with SMC stator. By using finite-element analysis of the magnetic field, the total core loss is computed by separating the hysteresis (alternating and rotational, both purely circular and elliptical), eddy current, and anomalous losses in each element when the rotor rotates. The coefficients for each loss component are determined by a loss separation procedure and the experimental data obtained by a single sheet two-dimensional core loss testing system.

Boardman, G, Zhu, J & Ha, QP 1970, 'Dynamic and Steady State Modelling of the Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Generator with Core Loss', International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, European Assoc for the Development of Renewable Energy, Enviro and Power Qlty and Uni of Vigo, Spain, Vigo, Spain, pp. 332-339.

Boardman, G, Zhu, J & Ha, QP 1970, 'Synchronous Drive Performance of the Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Machine', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 30-35.

Caluwaerts, R, Van Hove, M, Beyer, G, Hoofman, RJOM, Struyf, H, Verheyden, GJAM, Waeterloos, J, Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F, Carbonell, L, Le, QT, Das, A, Vos, I, Demuynck, S, Maex, K, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Post patterning meso porosity creation: A potential solution for pore sealing', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2003 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 6th Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, BURLINGAME, CA, pp. 242-244.
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Cortie, MB 1970, 'Conference Report: Nano Tech + Future 2003 Chiba, Japan, February ’03', Gold Bulletin, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 59-62.
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Das, A, Le, QT, Furukawa, Y, Nguyen, VH, Terzieva, V, de Theije, F, Whelan, CM, Maenhoudt, M, Struyf, H, Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F, Stucchi, M, Carbonell, L, Vos, I, Bender, H, Patz, M, Beyer, G, Van Hove, M & Maex, K 1970, 'Characterisation of JSR's spin-on hardmask FF-02', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 308-313.
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Ekanayake, SR, Rodanski, BS, Cortie, MB, Ford, AJ, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Quantum electrical characteristics of nanocapacitors', 2003 THIRD IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOLS ONE AND TWO, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE, San Franscisco, USA, pp. 756-759.
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© 2003 IEEE. Current integrated circuit miniaturization will soon require device sizes at atomic scale. Recent work has proposed many Coulomb blockade, and tunneling devices as active devices. However, among passive components, capacitors are extremely critical circuit elements in all electronic circuits with wide range applications. In this work, we present the operational criteria that will govern the feasibility of nanocapacitors for future nanoelectronic circuits.

Ernur, D, Iacopi, F, Carbonell, L, Struyf, H & Maex, K 1970, 'Influence of low-k dry etch chemistries on the properties of copper and a Ta-based diffusion barrier', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 285-292.
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Gelhausen, O, Malguth, E, Phillips, MR, Goldys, EM, Strassburg, M, Hoffmann, A, Graf, T, Gjukic, M & Stutzmann, M 1970, 'Optical properties of M-doped GaN', GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS - 2003, GaN and Related Alloys, Materials Research Society, Boston, USA, pp. 569-574.
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Molecular beam epitaxy-grown GaN with different Mn concentrations (5-23×1019 cm-3) and codoped with Si were investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and optical transmission measurements. In the GaN:Mn, an intense absorption peak at 1.414 +/- 0.002 eV was observed. This peak was attributed to an internal 5T 2→ 5E transition of the deep neutral Mn3+ state since its intensity scaled with the Mn3+ concentration. The CL measurements showed that Mn-doping concentrations around 1020 cm -3 had three effects on the emission spectrum: (i) the donor bound exciton at 3.460 eV was reduced by more than one order of magnitude, (ii) the donor-acceptor-pair band at 3.27 eV was completely quenched and (iii) the yellow luminescence centered at 2.2 eV was the strongly decreased. The latter two effects were attributed to a reduced concentration of VGa. In the infrared spectral range, three broad, Mn-doping related CL emission bands centered at 1.01 ± 0.02 eV, 1.09 ± 0.02 eV and 1.25 ± 0.03 eV were observed. These bands might be related to deep donor complexes, which are generated as a result of the heavy Mn-doping, rather than internal transitions at the Mn atom.

Gelhausen, O, Phillips, MR, Goldys, EM, Paskova, T, Monemar, B, Strassburg, M & Hoffmann, A 1970, 'Formation and dissociation of hydrogen-related defect centers in Mg-doped GaN', GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS - 2003, GaN and Related Alloys, Materials Research Society, Boston, USA, pp. 497-502.
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Moderately and heavily Mg-doped GaN were studied by a combination of post-growth annealing processes and electron beam irradiation techniques during cathodoluminescence (CL) to elucidate the chemical origin of the recombination centers responsible for the main optical emission lines. The shallow donor at 20-30 meV below the conduction band, which is involved in the donor-acceptor-pair (DAP) emission at 3.27 eV, was attributed to a hydrogen-related center, presumably a (VN-H) complex. Due to the small dissociation energy (<2 eV) of the (VNH) complex, this emission line was strongly reduced by low-energy electron irradiation. CL investigations of the DAP at a similar energetic position in Si-doped (n-type) GaN indicated that this emission line is of different chemical origin than the 3.27 eV DAP in Mg-doped GaN. A slightly deeper DAP emission centered at 3.14 eV was observed following low-energy electron irradiation, indicating the appearance of an additional donor level with a binding energy of 100-200 meV, which was tentatively attributed to a VN-related center. The blue band (2.8-3.0 eV) in heavily Mg-doped GaN was found to consist of at least two different deep donor levels at 350±30 meV and 440±40 meV. The donor level at 350±30 meV was strongly affected by electron irradiation and attributed to a H-related defect.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'Design and Analysis of a Three-Phase Three-Stack Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with SMC Stator', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universitites Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 85-90.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Zhong, J, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'An Improved Method for Predicting Iron Losses in SMC Electrical Machines', Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetic and Mechanics, The 11th International Symposium on Applied Electomagnetics and Mechanics, Technical Committee of the International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetic and Mechanics, Versailles, France, pp. 78-79.

Guo, Y, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'Design and analysis of a transverse flux machine with soft magnetic composite core', ICEMS 2003 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publishers/World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, China, pp. 153-157.
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This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a three phase, three stack permanent magnet transverse flux motor with soft magnetic composite core. To predict and optimize the major parameters, three-dimensional finite element analysis is performed. The performance is calculated when the motor operates with a brushless DC drive.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA, Holliday, WM & Wu, W 1970, 'Improved design and performance analysis of a claw pole permanent SMC motor with sensorless brushless DC drive', The Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003. PEDS 2003., Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 704-709.
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Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH, Abell, TJ & Maex, K 1970, 'Buckling instabilities of thin cap layers deposited onto low-k dielectric films', POLYMER/METAL INTERFACES AND DEFECT MEDIATED PHENOMENA IN ORDERED POLYMERS, Symposium on Polymer/Metal Interfaces and Defect Mediated Phenomena in Ordered Polymers held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY, BOSTON, MA, pp. 383-388.

Iacopi, F, Patz, M, Vos, I, Tokei, Z, Sijmus, B, Le, QT, Sleeckx, E, Eyckens, B, Struyf, H, Das, A & Maex, K 1970, 'Impact of LKD5109 (TM) low-k to cap/liner interfaces in single damascene process and performance', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 293-301.
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Kingsmill, A, Jones, S & Zhu, J 1970, 'Application of new condition monitoring technologies in the electricity transmission industry', ICEMS 2003 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publishers, World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, China, pp. 852-855.
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In recent years a number of new devices and systems have become available in the electricity industry that perform continuous, online monitoring of key parameters or indicators of the condition of high voltage plant. 'Online condition monitoring', as it is known, has the potential to generate significant impact in the areas of condition assessment and asset management strategies. However, these benefits will only be realised when analysis can be performed to extract the meaning of the data provided by the devices and systems. This paper describes the steps TransGrid is taking to effectively implement online condition monitoring, with particular focus on some of the analysis that can be performed on online monitoring information.

Kingsmill, AJ, Jones, SL & Zhu, J 1970, 'Possible Uses of Online Condition Monitoring for Real Time Rating of Substation Equipment', Australasian Universitites Power Engineering Conference, Australian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 152-157.

Mbogho, SM, Zhu, J & Sharma, D 1970, 'Meeting Energy Needs - The Kenyan Scenario', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 39-44.

Namisnyk, A & Zhu, J 1970, 'A Survey of Electrochemical Super-Capacitor Technology', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 51-56.

Spoor, DJ & Zhu, J 1970, 'Selection of Distance Relaying Schemes When Protecting Dual Circuit Lines', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 167-172.

Suker, TA, Holland, BJ & Zhu, JG 1970, 'An Engineering Model for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells', Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality), Vigo, Spain, pp. 162-166.
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Sun, D, Zhu, JG & He, YK 1970, 'A space vector modulation direct torque control for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems', The Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003. PEDS 2003., Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 692-697.
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Sun, D, Zhu, JG & He, YK 1970, 'Continuous direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on SVM', ICEMS 2003 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publishers, World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, China, pp. 596-599.
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In this paper, a modified control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor by introducing a space vector modulation conception to a direct torque control (DTC) systems was presented in order to minimize the torque and flux linkage ripples and fix the variable switching frequency in the basic DTC system. The simulation results showed that the steady state performance of the proposed DTC was improved dramatically while keeping the dynamic performance almost as same as that of the basic DTC.

Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F, Richard, O, Waeterloos, J, Rozeveld, S, Beach, E, Mebarki, B, Mandrekar, T, Guggilla, S & Maex, K 1970, 'Barrier studies on porous silk semiconductor dielectric', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 352-357.
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Tomkin, DF, Muir, JG, Cortie, MB, Masens, C & Smith, G 1970, 'The Nanohouse- Australian initiative to develop the home of the future', Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, Scotland.
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Conference presentation

Van Olmen, J, Wu, W, Van Hove, M, Travaly, Y, Brongersma, SH, Eyckens, B, Maenhoudt, M, Van Aelst, J, Struyf, H, Demuynck, S, Tokei, Z, Vervoort, I, Sijmus, B, Vos, I, Ciofi, I, Stucchi, M, Maex, K, Iacopi, F, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Integration of Single Damascene 85/85 nm US copper trenches in Black Diamond using 193 nm optical lithography with dipole illumination', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2003 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 6th Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, BURLINGAME, CA, pp. 171-173.
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Wang, GX, Yao, J, Liu, HK, Dou, SX & Ahn, JH 1970, 'Nanosized Tin Microencapsulated Graphite as Anode in Lithium-Ion Cells', Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials, 9th International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-2002), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Seoul, South Korea, pp. 739-744.
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Microencapsulating nanosized Sn particles in graphite developed a series of new anode composite materials for lithium-ion batteries. The nanosized Sn particles are homogeneously dispersed in graphite matrix via in situ chemical reduction. The tin-graphite composite showed a great improvement in lithium storage capacity. Since Sn is an active element to lithium, Sn can react with lithium to form Li4.4Sn alloys, with an accompanying 400% volume increase. The ductile graphite matrix provides a perfect buffer layer to absorb such volume expansion. Therefore, the integrity of the composite electrode is preserved during lithium insertion and extraction. The reaction process of lithium insertion and extraction into the graphite structure, and lithium alloying with tin has been identified by cyclic voltammetry measurement. The new tin-graphite composites provide a new type of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with increased capacity.

Zhou, L & Zhu, J 1970, 'Applications of MLSDQ method for analysis of electromagnetic fields', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Proceedings, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 161-167.

Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Lin, ZW & Sievert, JD 1970, 'Measurement of core losses with 3D magnetic fluxes', Digest of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference (Cat. No.03CH37401), Digests of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference, IEEE.
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© 2003 IEEE. In this paper we study the measurement of magnetic properties of 3D fluxes and the tester has been constructed. The magnetic flux is three dimensional due to the rotation of magnetic domains.

Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Lin, ZW & Sievert, JD 1970, 'Measurement of core losses with 3D magnetic fluxes', Digests of the Intermag Conference.
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The measurement of core losses with 3D magnetic fluxes is discussed. In a magnetic material with an alternating (ID) or two dimensional (2D) rotating magnetic field, the magnetic flux is three dimensional due to the rotation of magnetic domains. The understanding and modeling of the magnetization process in a magnetic material is complete only when the 3D magnetic properties are taken into account.