Bai, H, Cortie, MB, Maaroof, AI, Dowd, A, Kealley, C & Smith, GB 2009, 'The preparation of a plasmonically resonant VO2 thermochromic pigment', NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1-9.
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Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a reversible metal-insulator transition, normally at similar to 68 degrees C. While the properties of continuous semi-transparent coatings of VO2 are well known, there is far less information available concerning the potential use of discrete VO2 nanoparticles as a thermochromic pigment in opaque coatings. Individual VO2 nanoparticles undergo a localized plasmon resonance with near-infrared light at about 1100 nm and this resonance can be switched on and off by simply varying the temperature of the system. Therefore, incorporation of VO2 nanoparticles into a coating system imbues the coating with the ability to self-adaptively modulate its own absorptive efficiency in the near-infrared. Here we examine the magnitude and control of this phenomenon. Prototype coatings are described, made using VO2 powder produced by an improved process. The materials are characterized using calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and by measurement of optical properties.
Baird, MC, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Lie, W, Sastraruji, T, Jatisatienr, A, Jatisatienr, C, Dheeranupattana, S, Lowlam, J & Boonchalermkit, S 2009, 'Semisynthesis and Biological Activity of Stemofoline Alkaloids', JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 679-684.
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The semisynthesis of the Stemona alkaloids (3?R)-stemofolenol (1), (3?S)-stemofolenol (2), methylstemofoline (3), and (3?S)-hydroxystemofoline (5) and the unnatural analogues (11E)-methylstemofoline (15) and 3?R-hydroxystemofoline (11) has been achieved starting from (11Z)-1?,2?-didehydrostemofoline (4). This synthesis allowed, for the first time, access to diastereomerically enriched samples of 1 and 2 and the assignment of their absolute configurations at C-3?. These compounds were obtained in sufficient quantities to allow for their biological testing. In a quantitative assay as AChE inhibitors, (11Z)-1?,2?-didehydrostemofoline (4) and (3?S)-hydroxystemofoline (5) were found to be the most active.
Barard, S, Heeney, M, Chen, L, Cölle, M, Shkunov, M, McCulloch, I, Stingelin, N, Philips, M & Kreouzis, T 2009, 'Separate charge transport pathways determined by the time of flight method in bimodal polytriarylamine', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 013701-013701.
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Time of flight photocurrent transient studies on thin films of bimodal polytriarylamine (PTAA) show two distinct and separate arrival times for hole transport in the same sample at a single field. The corresponding mobilities differ by two orders of magnitude, typically μfast∼10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and μslow∼10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, and are measured parametric in electric field and temperature. The mobility data are analyzed using the correlated disorder model by Novikov, yielding a fitting parameter set. The two conduction paths are believed to come about as a result of phase segregation between the shorter and longer polymer chains with the shorter chains giving rise to the faster conduction pathways (as confirmed by results obtained for monomodal, shorter, and longer chain PTAA, by sample thickness scaling of the photocurrents and by reversal of the illuminated electrode). Separate arrival times are also obtained in a blend of the two short and long chain monomodal polymers. The phase separation within the film is inferred by the appearance of two glass transition temperatures using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis.
Batenburg-Nguyen, U, Ung, AT & Pyne, SG 2009, 'The synthesis of carbon linked bis-benzylisoquinolines using Mizoroki-Heck and Sonagashira coupling reactions', TETRAHEDRON, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 318-327.
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Novel laudanosine dimers in which two laudanosine units are linked at C-2? via a two or three-carbon linker (alkane, alkene or alkyne) have been prepared using palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions (MizorokiHeck and Sonagashira reactions). In one example, a second three-carbon linker between the two isoquinoline N-atoms was also present leading to a novel macrocyclic ring system.
Bell, TDM, Bhosale, SV, Ghiggino, KP, Langford, SJ & Woodward, CP 2009, 'Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Conformationally Flexible Mixed Porphyrin Star-Pentamer', Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 692-692.
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The synthesis of a porphyrin star-pentamer bearing a free-base porphyrin core and four zinc(ii) metalloporphyrins, which are tethered by a conformationally flexible linker about the central porphyrin’s antipody, is described. The synthetic strategy is highlighted by the use of olefin cross metathesis to link the five chromophores together in a directed fashion in high yield. Photoexcitation into the Soret absorption band of the zinc porphyrin chromophores at 425 nm leads to a substantial enhancement of central free-base porphyrin fluorescence, indicating energy transfer from the photoexcited zinc porphyrin (outer periphery) to central free-base porphyrin. Time-resolved fluorescence decay profiles required three exponential decay components for satisfactory fitting. These are attributed to emission from the central free-base porphyrin and to two different rates of energy transfer from the zinc porphyrins to the free-base porphyrin. The faster of these decay components equates to an energy-transfer rate constant of 3.7 × 109 s–1 and an efficiency of 83%, whereas the other is essentially unquenched with respect to reported values for zinc porphyrin fluorescence decay times. The relative contribution of these two components to the initial fluorescence decay is ~3:2, similar to the 5:4 ratio of cis and trans geometric isomers present in the pentamer.
Bell, TDM, Yap, S, Jani, CH, Bhosale, SV, Hofkens, J, De Schryver, FC, Langford, SJ & Ghiggino, KP 2009, 'Synthesis and Photophysics of Core‐Substituted Naphthalene Diimides: Fluorophores for Single Molecule Applications', Chemistry – An Asian Journal, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 1542-1550.
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AbstractThe synthesis and photophysics of two new aminopropenyl naphthalene diimide (SANDI) dyes are reported. A general and convenient method for the synthesis of the precursor mono‐, di‐, and tetrabrominated 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydrides is described. The two core‐substituted SANDIs exhibit many of the photophysical properties required for fluorescence labeling applications including high photostability and high fluorescence quantum yields (>0.5) in the visible region of the spectrum. The emission wavelength is sensitive to the number of substituents on the NDI core, and the fluorescence decay times are in the range of ∼8–12 ns for both compounds in the solvents investigated. Preliminary fluorescence emission data from single molecules of the compounds embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) films are also reported and show that single molecules have very low yields of photobleaching, particularly the di‐substituted system. Furthermore, only a small proportion (<10 %) of the single molecules studied display fluorescence intermittencies or “blinks” in their photon trajectory. The compounds appear to be excellent candidates for applications at the single molecule level, for example, as FRET labels.
Bhatia, VK, Kealley, CS, Wuhrer, R, Wallwork, KS & Cortie, MB 2009, 'Ternary beta and gamma phases in the Al-Au-Cu system at 750 degrees C', JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, vol. 488, no. 1, pp. 100-107.
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There are many aspects of the phases and phase boundaries of the Al-Au-Cu ternary system that are still unknown. Although a 500 degrees C isothermal section and an 18 karat pseudobinary have been reported, many of the other constitutive relationships wit
Bhatia, VK, Levey, FC, Kealley, CS, Dowd, A & Cortie, MB 2009, 'The aluminium-copper-gold ternary system', GOLD BULLETIN, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 201-208.
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Despite Au, Al and Cu being individually very well-known elements, their ternary phase diagram has not been studied in as much detail as those of many other Au-containing ternaries. Here we review what is known, and consider the prospects for technological exploitation of some of the ternary compositions. The components of greatest interest in Al-Au-Cu may be the P-phases, at least two of which have shape memory properties. Of these, 'Spangold', which has the nominal stoichiometry Au7Cu5Al4, has received some attention for jewellery applications, while the edge compound Cu3Al is a well-known shape memory composition with corresponding specialised industrial uses. The properties of other beta-phase compositions in the system have been scarcely investigated. The system also contains an extensive gamma-phase, Al4AuxCu9-x, where x ranges from 0 to similar to 6.5, and the purple gold phase AuAl2.
Bhosale, SV, Bhosale, SV, Kalyankar, MB & Langford, SJ 2009, 'RETRACTED: A Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimide Fluoride Sensor', Organic Letters, vol. 11, no. 23, pp. 5418-5421.
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Bhosale, SV, Bhosale, SV, Langford, SJ & Krsta, D 2009, 'Construction of trimeric porphyrin-fullerene-porphyrin stacks within surface-derived pores of nano-scale dimensions', Chemical Communications, no. 22, pp. 3166-3166.
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Bhosale, SV, Kalyankar, MB, Bhosale, SV, Langford, SJ, Reid, EF & Hogan, CF 2009, 'The synthesis of novel core-substituted naphthalene diimides via Suzuki cross-coupling and their properties', New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 2409-2409.
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Bhosale, SV, Kalyankar, MB, Langford, SJ, Bhosale, SV & Oliver, RF 2009, 'Synthesis and Supramolecular Properties of a Novel Octaphosphonate Porphyrin', European Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 2009, no. 24, pp. 4128-4134.
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AbstractTwo complementary routes were developed for preparing novel octaphosphonate porphyrins. The use of protected/deprotected phosphonate‐substituted precursors in the rational synthesis gave an overall yield 16 %. A more streamlined synthetic path gave 21 % overall yield of the target molecule. Octaphosphonate porphyrin possesses promising properties in supramolecular aggregate formation with cyclam. Cofacial reversible self‐assembly of a meso‐substituted octaphosphonate porphyrin with cyclam yields micrometer‐long nanowires with a height of about 1–1.5 nm. The resulting wires were characterized by UV/Vis absorption, emission and atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Bhosale, SV, Langford, SJ & Bhosale, SV 2009, 'Comparative binding study of neurotransmitters in hydrophobic and hydrophilic yoctowells in water', Supramolecular Chemistry, vol. 21, no. 1-2, pp. 18-23.
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Biswas, M, Kwack, H-S, Dang, LS, Henry, MO & McGlynn, E 2009, 'Spatial inhomogeneity of donor bound exciton emission from ZnO nanostructures grown on Si', Nanotechnology, vol. 20, no. 25, pp. 255703-255703.
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Cortie, MB, Stokes, N & McDonagh, A 2009, 'Plasmon resonance and electric field amplification of crossed gold nanorods', PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 143-152.
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Here we explore the unusual plasmon resonances of crossed gold nanorod structures of varying geometries. Using numerical simulations, we show that the resonances of simple rods are hybridized and blue-shifted in the composite structures and that these structures are surrounded by spatially extended and high intensity electric fields. This attribute suggests several potential uses for these shapes, for example as a nano-antenna for the generation of two-photon fluorescence.
Coutts, MJ, Cortie, MB, Ford, MJ & McDonagh, AM 2009, 'Rapid and Controllable Sintering of Gold Nanoparticle Inks at Room Temperature Using a Chemical Agent', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, vol. 113, no. 4, pp. 1325-1328.
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We show that oxidation of protective thiol ligands and the exothermic reduction of surface area are important factors in the sintering of thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle films. We also present a chemical treatment to achieve sintering of gold nanoparticles at room temperature. The process is facilitated by the remarkable enthalpy of reaction arising from the reduction of the surface area of the nanoparticles. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
Eslava, S, Kirschhock, CEA, Aldea, S, Baklanov, MR, Iacopi, F, Maex, K & Martens, JA 2009, 'Characterization of spin-on zeolite films prepared from Silicalite-1 nanoparticle suspensions', MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, vol. 118, no. 1-3, pp. 458-466.
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Godlewski, M, Wojcik-Glodowska, A, Guziewicz, E, Yatsunenko, S, Zakrzewski, A, Dumont, Y, Chikoidze, E & Phillips, MR 2009, 'Optical properties of manganese doped wide band gap ZnS and ZnO', OPTICAL MATERIALS, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1768-1771.
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Optical properties of ZnMnO layers grown at low temperature by Atomic Layer Deposition and Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy are discussed and compared to results obtained for ZnMnS samples. Present results suggest a double valence of Mn ions in ZnO lattice. Strong absorption, with onset at about 2.1 eV, is tentatively related to Mn 2+ to 3+ photoionization. Mechanism of emission deactivation in ZnMnO is discussed and is explained by the processes following the assumed Mn 2+ to 3+ recharging. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Dorrell, DG 2009, 'Design and Analysis of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor With Molded Soft Magnetic Composite Core', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4582-4585.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials and SMC electromagnetic devices have undergone substantial development in the past decade. Much work has been conducted on designing and prototyping various types of electrical machine. However, the iron cores were often made by cutting existing SMC preforms that were formed by compacting SMC powder in simple cylinder or bar-shape molds, and the magnetic properties of the cores may deteriorate significantly during the cutting process. To investigate 'industry production-ready' products, this paper presents the design and analysis of a claw-pole permanent magnet (PM) motor with a molded SMC core of low mass density to replace the existing induction motor in a dishwasher pump. The magnetic properties of the molded SMC core are measured and utilized in the motor design and analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) of magnetic field is carried out to accurately determine key motor parameters, and an improved phase variable model is applied to predict the motor performance. Both parameter computation and performance prediction are validated by the experimental results on the prototype. © 2009 IEEE.
Kealley, CS, Cortie, MB, Maaroof, AI & Xu, X 2009, 'The versatile colour gamut of coatings of plasmonic metal nanoparticles', PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 11, no. 28, pp. 5897-5902.
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We have investigated the colour gamut of coatings produced by the growth of plasmonically-active coatings of cap-shaped Au or Ag nanoparticles on a transparent substrate. The control of colour and spectral selectivity that can be obtained by the manipulation of the rates of nucleation and growth were explored using a combination of experiment and calculation. In our experimental work the Au nanoparticles were grown in situ using a wet chemical electroless plating technique while the Ag nanoparticles were produced by physical vapour deposition. The optical properties were numerically simulated using the discrete dipole approximation. The resulting measured or calculated transmission spectra were mapped to the CIE L-a*-b* colour space. The aspect ratio of the nanoparticles was the primary factor in determining the colours in both cases. However, increasing the nucleation rate of the particles resulted in them becoming more closely packed, which also red-shifted the optical extinction peak of the structure due to interactions of their near-fields. This caused an enhancement in the blue component of the transmitted light. Coatings of Ag particles had a significantly wider and brighter colour gamut than those of Au.
Konstantinov, K, Wang, G, Lao, ZJ, Liu, HK & Devers, T 2009, 'Nanostructured Metal Oxides as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1263-1267.
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In this study; nanostructured transition metal oxides, such as Co304, NiO and Mn02 were comprehensively studied and reported as promising electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors. The materials have been obtained by solution or spray solution techniques, which are cost-effective and promising for industry application. All materials feature a large specific surface area, which can reach up to 270 m2Ig. The high surface area is a compulsory condition for high capacitance. The best Mn02 materials yielded up to 406 F/g. Copyright © 2009 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.
Lee, KA, Lozan, V, Langford, SJ & Kersting, B 2009, 'Ternary complexes composed of naphthalene diimides and binucleating metallocavitands: preparation, characterisation and structure of [(Ni2L)2(NDI)][BPh4]2', Dalton Transactions, no. 36, pp. 7481-7481.
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Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Improved Sequential Optimization Method for High Dimensional Electromagnetic Device Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3993-3996.
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Improved sequential optimization method (SOM) and dimension reduction optimization method (DROM) are presented for high dimensional optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. Improved SOM can simultaneously optimize the statistical approximate models and optimization algorithms more efficiently compared with SOM. Using DROM, a high dimensional problem can be converted into a low dimensional problem with expert experience or some design of experiment techniques. Then two TEAM benchmark problems (Problem 22 and Problem 25) are investigated to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. From the experimental results, we can see that the presented methods can obviously reduce the computational cost of finite element analysis, while the optimal results also satisfy design specification.
Lei, G, Shao, KR, Li, YB, Yang, GY, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Bayesian Inversion Method and its Information Determination for the Estimation of Particle Size Distribution in Ferrofluids', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3981-3984.
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Using Gaussian numerical integration formula, the problem of estimating the particle size distribution (PSD) in ferrofluids can be converted into an electromagnetic inverse problem. Then we present two Bayesian analytical estimators, minimum mean-square error estimator and maximum a posteriori estimator, to reconstruct the PSD of magnetic particles. In the implementation, weighted minimum norm approach, maximum likelihood estimator, and weighted least square estimator are employed to determine prior information for the unknown parameter. We also present two methods to provide the noise information for the error term. Finally, using Monte Carlo method, we give a ferrofluid example to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Li, Q, Xu, C, Liang, W, Zhong, S, Zheng, X & Zhu, J 2009, 'Residue incorporation and N fertilization affect the response of soil nematodes to the elevated CO2 in a Chinese wheat field', Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1497-1503.
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The interplay between the carbon and other nutrient cycles is the key to understand the responses of soil ecosystems to climatic change. Using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) techniques, we carried out a multifactorial experiment in a Chinese rice-wheat rotation system, to investigate the response of soil nematodes to elevated CO2 under different application rates of N fertilizer (225.0 kg N ha-1 (HN) and 112.5 kg N ha-1(LN), respectively) and residue incorporation (0 kg C ha-1 (ZR), 1000 kg C ha-1 (MR) and 2000 kg C ha-1 (HR), respectively). This study was conducted during the wheat growing season of 2007 after expose to the elevated CO2 for three years. The results in our study indicated that seasonality is an important factor in determining changes in the nematode abundance and diversity. The residue addition effects were more obvious than the elevated CO2, which significantly influenced the abundance of total nematodes and plant-parasites, and some ecological indices. The interactions between residue addition and CO2 significantly influenced nematode dominance and structure indices. High level of N fertilization was found to decrease the nematode diversity, generic richness and maturity indices at wheat jointing stage. There are significant interactions between N fertilization and elevated CO2 for abundance of total nematodes and different trophic groups. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
Liu, H, Wang, G, Park, J, Wang, J, Liu, H & Zhang, C 2009, 'Electrochemical performance of alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods as anode material for lithium-ion cells', ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1733-1736.
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α-Fe2O3 nanorods were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanorods have a high quality crystalline nanostructure with diameters in the range of 60-80 nm and lengths extending from 300 to 500 nm. The crystal structure of the α-Fe2O3 nanorods was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The α-Fe2O3 nanorod anodes exhibit a stable specific capacity of 800 mAh/g. This indicates significantly improved electrochemical performance in lithium-ion cells, compared to that of commercial microcrystalline α-Fe2O3 powders. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Liu, H, Wexler, D & Wang, G 2009, 'One-pot facile synthesis of iron oxide nanowires as high capacity anode materials for lithium ion batteries', JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, vol. 487, no. 1-2, pp. L24-L27.
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Lu, H, Zhu, J, Lin, Z & Guo, Y 2009, 'An inchworm mobile robot using electromagnetic linear actuator', Mechatronics, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1116-1125.
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The capability of motion is one of the important aspects for a micro-robot to fulfill its given tasks. Micro-autonomous systems usually require large force, large displacement and less power consumption. Among different actuation schemes, electromagnetic actuator shows the benefit in a combination of force, displacement and cost effective control. A bristle-based inchworm mobile robot using a short stroke electromagnetic linear actuator is described in the paper. The main body and movable unit of the robot are joined by using a sealed bellows and the bristle legs are designed so that it can operate both on plane surfaces and in liquid. The actuator designed for the robot is a tubular type linear machine with an overall size of ?7 × 10 mm. The key dimensions of the actuator were determined through magnetic field analysis to achieve optimum force output and necessary travel stroke within the limited space. The predicted actuation force of the actuator is 20 mN and the stroke length is 1.2 mm. Two working prototypes of the actuator were constructed and the performance tests show the effectiveness of the design. A sensorless control scheme with a novel start-up strategy for the designed actuator was developed based on the robotic system modeling and the analyzed results show the satisfactory performance of the system.
Maynard, P, Jenkins, J, Edey, C, Payne, G, Lennard, C, McDonagh, A & Roux, C 2009, 'Near infrared imaging for the improved detection of fingermarks on difficult surfaces', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 43-62.
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The near infrared spectral region offers advantages over the visible region in the detection of latent fingermarks due to increased contrast and decreased background luminescence. In this work, a chemical imaging system was used to image latent fingermarks in the near-infrared (NIR) region. A variety of porous, non-porous and semi-porous surfaces were tested using standard chemical and physical enhancement techniques. NIR dyes were also used to enhance latent marks. Both absorption and luminescence properties of the treated marks were examined over the spectral range 650-1100nm. Significant NIR absorption was found for ninhydrin, iodine/benzoflavone, physical developer, and powdering. NIR luminescence emission was found for DFO, ninhydrin with zinc salt post treatment, 1,2-indanedione and genipin. Significant NIR luminescence emission was found for cyanoacrylate fuming followed by staining with NIR dyes. In addition, metal oxide powders coated with NIR dyes were able to enhance fingermarks on a patterned and highly luminescent surface.
Mbere-Nguyen, U, Ung, AT & Pyne, SG 2009, 'The synthesis of carbon-linked bisbenzylisoquinolines via ruthenium-mediated olefin-metathesis', TETRAHEDRON, vol. 65, no. 31, pp. 5990-6000.
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Novel laudanosine dinners in which two laudanosine units are linked at C-2' via a two and four-carbon linker have been prepared using ruthenium-mediated olefin-metathesis. In addition, a second four-carbon linker between the two isoquinoline N-atoms was also present leading to a novel macrocyclic ring system. Five of these compounds showed higher cytostatic activity on three cancer cell lines than thalicarpine.
Moody, SJ, Phillips, MR & Toth, M 2009, 'Assessment of SEM Image Quality using 1D Power Spectral Density Estimation', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 15, no. S2, pp. 48-49.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Mungkornasawakul, P, Chaiyong, S, Sastraruji, T, Jatisatienr, A, Jatisatienr, C, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Korth, J & Lie, W 2009, 'Alkaloids from the Roots of Stemona aphylla', JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 848-851.
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Three known compounds, stemofoline (1), (2'S)-hydroxystemofoline (2), and (11Z)-1',2'-didehydrostemofoline (3), along with two new alkaloids, stemaphylline (4) and stemaphylline-N-oxide (5), have been isolated from a root extract of Stemona aphylla. The structures of these alkaloids were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. The analysis of the crude dichloromethane extract by GC-MS in the EIMS mode showed the presence of alkaloids 1-4, the alkaloid 11, and stilbostemin R (12). The crude dichloromethane extract and 4 were tested for their comparative biological activities. The results of their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities showed that the crude extract had higher activity than that of 4. The insecticidal properties of the crude extract and 4, using a topical application, showed that 4 had an activity similar to the positive control, methomyl, whereas the crude extract had much lower activity. Their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas auruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 was weak (MIC 62.5-125 ?g/mL, MBC 125-250 ?g/mL, MFC 125 ?g/mL) but much higher than that of the crude extract.
Mungkornasawakul, P, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Jatisatienr, A & Willis, AC 2009, 'Stemofoline ethyl acetate solvate', ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. O1878-U3157.
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Crystals of the title compound, C22H29NO 5·C4H8O2, {[systematic name: (2R,3R,5R,5aS,6R,8aR,9S)-(5Z)-5-[3-butyl-tetra-hydro-6-methyl-2,5-methano-4,3, 8a-[1]propan-yl[3]yl-idene-furo[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-7(5H)-yl-idene] -4-meth-oxy-3-methyl-furan-2(5H)-one ethyl acetate solvate} were isolated from the root extracts of Stemona aphylla (Stemonaceae). The structure closely resembles those of stemofoline derivatives which have previously been reported. Inter-molecular contacts are observed between some C-bonded H atoms and nearby O atoms, perhaps indicating weak inter-actions which could influence the packing of species within the unit cell. © 2009 Mungkornasawakul et al.
Petőcz, G, Rangits, G, Shaw, M, Bod, HD, Williams, DBG & Kollár, L 2009, 'Platinum complexes of malonate-derived monodentate phosphines and their application in the highly chemo- and regioselective hydroformylation of styrene', Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 694, no. 2, pp. 219-222.
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Phillips, MR, Drouin, D, Moody, SJ & Ton-That, C 2009, 'Imaging Fundamental Electronic Excitations at High Spatial Resolution Using Scanning Cathodoluminescence Microscopy', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, vol. 15, no. SUPPL. 2, pp. 670-671.
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Pissuwan, D, Valenzuela, SM, Miller, CM, Killingsworth, MC & Cortie, MB 2009, 'Destruction and Control of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites Using Gold Nanosphere/Antibody Conjugates', SMALL, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1030-1034.
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The protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondii can be selectively targeted and photothermally destroyed by gold nanosphere/antibody conjugates (see image). The optical response of the nanospheres within the tissue window is shifted and enhanced by aggregation. Attachment of the conjugates alone, even without plasmonic heating, lowers the infectivity of the organism.
Rawling, T, Austin, C, Buchholz, F, Colbran, SB & McDonagh, AM 2009, 'Ruthenium Phthalocyanine-Bipyridyl Dyads as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Dye Coverage versus Molecular Efficiency', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 3215-3227.
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The application of ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes as sensitizing dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is explored. Four monomeric complexes are reported which vary in peripheral substitution and axial ligand anchoring groups. Sensitizing dyes containing two ruthenium centers are also presented. These dyads, which contain ruthenium phthalocyanine and bipyridyl chromophores, were prepared using a protection/deprotection strategy that allows for convenient purification. DSCs fabricated using the phthalocyanine complexes and dyads were less efficient than those incorporating a standard DSC dye. However, on the basis of the number of molecules bound to the TiO 2 electrode surfaces, several of the new complexes were more efficient at photocurrent generation. The results highlight the importance of molecular size, and thus the dye coverage of the electrode surface in the design of new sensitizing dyes. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
Rawling, T, Austin, CE, Hare, D, Doble, PA, Zareie, HM & McDonagh, AM 2009, 'Thin Films of Ruthenium Phthalocyanine Complexes', NANO RESEARCH, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 678-687.
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Four new ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes bearing axial ligands with thioacetate groups that facilitate thin film formation on gold surfaces are presented. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) images and surface coverage data obtained by solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) experiments show that peripheral and axial ligand substituents on the complexes have a significant effect on their surface coverage. A laser ablation ICP-MS technique that provides information about thin films across macro-sized areas is described here for the first time. Using the technique, the maximum surface coverage of a ruthenium phthalocyanine complex was found to occur within one minute of gold substrate immersion in the complex-containing solution. © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag 2009.
Sastraruji, K, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Mungkornasawakul, P, Lie, W & Jatisatienr, A 2009, 'Structural Revision of Stemoburkilline from an E-Alkene to a Z-Alkene', JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 316-318.
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Semisynthesis studies starting from (11Z)-1?,2?-didehydrostemofoline (4) indicated that the known Stemona alkaloid stemoburkilline is the Z-isomer and not the E-isomer as initially reported. The semisynthesis involved conversion of (11Z)-1?,2?-didehydrostemofoline (4) to 11(S),12(S)-dihydrostemofoline (3) followed by a stereoselective base-catalyzed ring-opening reaction to give (Z)-stemoburkilline (8). The same product was obtained using a similar synthetic protocol starting from isostemofoline (6) via a based-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of 11(S),12(R)-dihydrostemofoline (1). A re-examination of the crude root extracts of Stemona burkillii Prain and further NOE studies established stemoburkilline as the Z-isomer
Shuhong Wang, Xiangjun Meng, Ningning Guo, Haibo Li, Jie Qiu, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Dikai Liu, Yi Wang & Wei Xu 2009, 'Multilevel Optimization for Surface Mounted PM Machine Incorporating With FEM', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4700-4703.
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In this paper, Multilevel Genetic Algorithm (MLGA) is presented to solve the optimization of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM), which has features of mixed continuous and discrete design variables, multi-modal objective functions, etc. Firstly, the multilevel optimization problem is described by using the problem matrix. The values in the problem matrix are deduced by correlation analysis. Secondly, the architecture and implementation of MLGA are carried out. Thirdly, the new algorithm is applied to a bilevel optimization of SPMSM to verify this multilevel optimization. The results compared with those of traditional genetic algorithm (GA) and discussions of the multilevel optimization are presented. © 2009 IEEE.
Wang, B, Konstantinov, K, Wexler, D, Liu, H & Wang, G 2009, 'Synthesis of nanosized vanadium pentoxide/carbon composites by spray pyrolysis for electrochemical capacitor application', ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1420-1425.
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Nanostructured vanadium pentoxide/carbon (V2O5/carbon) composite powders with enhanced specific capacitance were synthesized by the spray pyrolysis technique. Electrochemical properties were examined by the cyclic voltammetry technique. Following analysis of powders sprayed at different temperatures, composite powders obtained at an optimum temperature of 450 °C yielded a maximum specific capacitance of 295 F g-1 in 2 M KCl electrolyte at a 5-mV s-1 scan rate. The weight percentage of carbon-related species was 2.7 wt% in this V2O5/carbon composite, as detected by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and confirmed by transmission electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) analysis. Following initial X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization, scanning electron microscope (SEM), TEM and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging revealed a specific morphology of spherical shell agglomerates of V2O5 nanorods and nanoribbons, with each shell comprising a network of these one- and two-dimensional nanoparticles in an amorphous carbon matrix. The V2O5 network was not fully dense, and the majority of the nanorod sizes were in the range of 50-150 nm, with additional long nanoribbons extending from the outsides of the spherical shells. The specific surface area was 18 m2 g-1 for the composite powders, and the pore size distribution revealed that the majority of pores had diameters in the range of 40-50 Å, which was relatively larger than the pore diameters obtained at 500 °C and would be beneficial for electrochemical performance. The enhancement of the specific capacitance in V2O5/carbon composites was attributed to the distribution of amorphous carbon throughout the V2O5 and the particular open nanostructure. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Wang, G, Shen, X, Horvat, J, Wang, B, Liu, H, Wexler, D & Yao, J 2009, 'Hydrothermal Synthesis and Optical, Magnetic, and Supercapacitance Properties of Nanoporous Cobalt Oxide Nanorods', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, vol. 113, no. 11, pp. 4357-4361.
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Nanoporous cobalt oxide nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the individual Co 3O4 nanorods have a nanoporous structure, consisting of the textured aggregations of nanocrystals. Optical properties of Co 3O4 nanorods were characterized by Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy. Magnetic property measurement shows that Co3O 4 nanorods have a low Néel transition temperature of 35 K. We observed quite significant exchange bias for nanoporous Co3O 4 nanorods, indicating the existence of magnetic coupling between the nanocrystals in Co3O4 nanorods. When applied as electrode materials in supercapacitors, Co3O4 demonstrated a high capacitance of 280 F/g. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
Wang, G, Shen, X, Yao, J & Park, J 2009, 'Graphene nanosheets for enhanced lithium storage in lithium ion batteries', Carbon, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 2049-2053.
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Graphene nanosheets were synthesized in large quantities using a chemical approach. Field emission electron microscope observation revealed that loose graphene nanosheets agglomerated and crumpled naturally into shapes resembling flower-petals. High resolution transmission electron microscope analysis, Raman spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements confirmed the graphitic crystalline structure of the graphene nanosheets. The nanosheets exhibited an enhanced lithium storage capacity as anodes in lithium-ion cells and good cyclic performance. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Wang, G, Shen, X, Yao, J, Wexler, D & Ahn, J-H 2009, 'Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon nanotube/cobalt oxide core-shell one-dimensional nanocomposite and application as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries', Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 546-549.
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Carbon nanotube/cobalt oxide core-shell one-dimensional nanostructures were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis method, in which nanosize cobalt oxide crystals were homogeneously coated on the surface of carbon nanotubes. The morphologies and crystal structures of the as-prepared core-shell nanocomposites were analysed by X-ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. When applied as anodes in lithium-ion cells, carbon nanotube/cobalt oxide core-shell nanostructures exhibited an initial lithium storage capacity of 1250 mAh/g and a stable capacity of 530 mAh/g over 100 cycles. The good electrochemical performance could be attributed to the nanocrystalline cobalt oxide and the unique core-shell one-dimensional nanostructures. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Wang, G, Wang, B, Park, J, Wang, Y, Sun, B & Yao, J 2009, 'Highly efficient and large-scale synthesis of graphene by electrolytic exfoliation', CARBON, vol. 47, no. 14, pp. 3242-3246.
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Highly efficient and large-scale synthesis of graphene from graphite was produced by electrolytic exfoliation using poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) as an effective electrolyte. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy confirmed the existence of monolayer graphene sheets and stacks containing a few graphene sheets. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the as-prepared graphene sheets have low defect content. Based on the measurement of FTIR spectra, the edge-to-face interaction (π-π interaction) between the graphene surface and aromatic rings of poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) could be primarily responsible for producing exfoliation of the graphite electrode to graphene during electrolysis. In contrast to micromechanical exfoliation, electrolytic exfoliation can be scaled up for large-scale and continuous graphene production. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Wang, J-Z, Chou, S-L, Liu, H, Wang, GX, Zhong, C, Chew, SY & Liu, HK 2009, 'Highly flexible and bendable free-standing thin film polymer for battery application', MATERIALS LETTERS, vol. 63, no. 27, pp. 2352-2354.
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Highly flexible and bendable free-standing polypyrrole (PPy) films were prepared using the electrochemical polymerization method. The paper-like films are soft, lightweight, mechanically robust, and highly electrically conductive. The morphologies and electrochemical behaviour of the free-standing pure PPy films were affected by the electrochemical polymerization conditions. The free-standing films show promise as cathodes for flexible and bendable batteries. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Wang, L, Dimitrijev, S, Han, J, Iacopi, F & Zou, J 2009, 'Transition between amorphous and crystalline phases of SiC deposited on Si substrate using H3SiCH3', Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 311, no. 19, pp. 4442-4446.
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Wang, X, Zeng, Z, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2009, 'First-principles study on the enhancement of lithium storage capacity in boron doped graphene', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 95, no. 18, pp. 183103-183103.
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The adsorption of Li ions on boron doped graphene was investigated using a first-principles method. Our results show that, as boron doping turns graphene into an electron-deficient system, more Li ions can be captured around boron doped centers than in pristine graphene. One boron atom doped into graphene (6C ring unit) can adsorb six Li ions, which indicates that boron doped graphene is an efficient Li-ion storage material for lithium batteries. Further investigations show that, under limited conditions, boron doped graphene (BC5) can form Li6BC5 compound after Li-ion adsorption, corresponding to a lithium storage capacity of 2271 mAh/g which is six times that of graphite.
Williams, D, Caddy, J, Blann, K, Grové, J & Holzapfel, C 2009, 'Chiral Cyclobutanols and Cyclopentane Dimers via Samarium(II) Iodide Induced Keto-Olefin Cyclisations of Carbohydrate-Derived Unsaturated Ketones', Synthesis, vol. 2009, no. 12, pp. 2009-2014.
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Williams, D, Evans, S, de Bod, H, Mokhadinyana, M & Hughes, T 2009, 'Directed ortho Metallation Chemistry and Phosphine Synthesis: New Ligands for the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction', Synthesis, vol. 2009, no. 18, pp. 3106-3112.
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Williams, DBG & Cullen, A 2009, 'Al(OTf)3-Mediated Epoxide Ring-Opening Reactions: Toward Piperazine-Derived Physiologically Active Products', The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 74, no. 24, pp. 9509-9512.
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Williams, DBG & Netshiozwi, TE 2009, 'Synthesis and characterisation of severely hindered P-OR compounds', Tetrahedron, vol. 65, no. 48, pp. 9973-9982.
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Williams, DBG, Sibiya, MS, van Heerden, PS, Kirk, M & Harris, R 2009, 'Verkade super base-catalysed transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol to co-produce dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol', Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, vol. 304, no. 1-2, pp. 147-152.
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Wright, AR, Wang, GX, Xu, W, Zeng, Z & Zhang, C 2009, 'The spin–orbit interaction enhanced terahertz absorption in graphene around the K point', Microelectronics Journal, vol. 40, no. 4-5, pp. 857-859.
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We present a quantitative analysis on the effect of the spin-orbit interaction in the optical absorption of π-electrons in graphene. It has been shown that the optical absorption amplitude of graphene around the K point in the Brillouin zone has a node in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone of honeycomb lattice. We calculated the k-dependent absorption matrix by taking into account the finite spin-orbit interaction in graphene. It was found that the spin-orbit interaction lifts the nodes in the absorption matrix. Furthermore, in the terahertz frequency regime, the spin-orbit interaction can significantly enhance the optical absorption in graphene, by up to 100%. Crown Copyright © 2008.
Wu, H, Wexler, D & Wang, G 2009, 'PtxNi alloy nanoparticles as cathode catalyst for PEM fuel cells with enhanced catalytic activity', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 488, no. 1, pp. 195-198.
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A series of PtxNi/C (x = 1-3) nanoparticle catalysts were prepared using a chemical reduction method, where the aim was to reduce the Pt loading and maintain high catalytic reactivity towards the oxygen reduction reaction. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the PtxNi/C alloy catalysts was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, steady-state measurements, and chronoamperometric testing. We found that the catalytic reactivity of Pt catalysts towards oxygen reduction can be maintained or even enhanced by partially replacing platinum with nickel. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Yang, G, Zhang, Y, Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'A Novel Superposition RBF Collocation Method to Solve Moving Conductor Eddy Current Problems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3977-3980.
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This paper presents a novel radial basis function (RBF) collocation method to solve the moving conductor eddy current problem. The magnetic field is considered an addition of two fields generated respectively by the excitation current and the eddy current according to the source superposition principle. The corresponding governing equations are decoupled and solved with the RBF. Moving coordinate systems in which the separate fields are computed are also constructed to avoid the model reconfiguration caused by the motion. Electromagnetic field equations are analyzed with kinetic equations and circuit equations together to simulate the motion process. A practical engineering problem is computed to verify the method.
Yang, J, Wang, G, Liu, H, Park, J & Cheng, X 2009, 'Controlled synthesis and characterization of ZnSe nanostructures via a solvothermal approach in a mixed solution', MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 204-208.
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In the present study, ZnSe nanostructures with complex morphologies and different phase structures were synthesized via a solvothermal approach using a mixed solution of triethylenetetramine (TETA) and de-ionized water (DIW). It was found that the phase and morphology of the as-prepared products could be controlled by changing the volume ratio of TETA to DIW. Metastable ZnSe nanoflowers with layered structure could be obtained from pure TETA, which can be transformed to the wurtzite structure after heat-treating at 500 °C in Ar atmosphere. With the addition of DIW, the morphology changed from flowers to spheres, and when the volume ratio of TETA to DIW was 1:1, loose spheres composed of nanoparticles were obtained. Variation of the TETA content in the mixed solvent also allows controlling of the crystallographic phase of ZnSe (wurtzite or zinc blende). Both the as-prepared products and the annealed powders were systematically characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared absorbance spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy methods. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Yi Wang, Jianguo Zhu, Shuhong Wang, Youguang Guo & Wei Xu 2009, 'Nonlinear Magnetic Model of Surface Mounted PM Machines Incorporating Saturation Saliency', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4684-4687.
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In this paper a comprehensive nonlinear model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is proposed considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. With an identifiable parameter matrix, a numerical nonlinear inductance model is developed, in which the rotor position and the stator current are taken as the variables. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSM is built up. With all the machine dimensions and physical parameters, finite-element analysis (FEA) is applied to calculate the magnetic field of the machine. FEA and performance simulation results are used to verify the new nonlinear model, which can be further used as a virtual model to develop, simulate, and verify the saturation saliency detection strategies.
Yong Zhang, Guangyuan Yang, Shao, KR, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Multiscale Combined Radial Basis Function Collocation Method for Eddy Currents Analysis in High-Speed Moving Conductors', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3973-3976.
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A novel multiscale combined radial basis function (RBF) collocation method, as a truly meshless method, is presented to overcome the shortage of general RBF collocation method and is applied to analyze eddy currents in high-speed moving conductors in this paper. A typical example is set here to illustrate the accuracy and affectivity of the proposed method, including a comparison with general RBF collocation method and finite element method (FEM).
Yunkai Huang, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 2009, 'Thermal Analysis of High-Speed SMC Motor Based on Thermal Network and 3-D FEA With Rotational Core Loss Included', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4680-4683.
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This paper presents the thermal analysis of a high-speed motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC). Due to the high operation frequency, the core loss is much greater than the other losses and, hence, is the major heat source in the high-speed motor. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. In this paper, the rotational core-loss model is employed and implemented by using 3-D magnetic-field analysis (FEA). Two methods to model the thermal behavior are presented. The first method uses a combination of lumped and distributed thermal parameters, which are obtained from motor dimensions and thermal constants. The second method employs 3-D FEA to accurately calculate the temperature distribution. Core losses are directly coupled into the thermal calculation by keeping the same hexahedral meshing for magnetic-field analysis and thermal analysis. A testing bench for the high-speed SMC motor prototype has been set up to measure the core loss. The temperature rises were measured by thermal probes. The calculation and measurement results are compared and discussed.
Zhi Wei Lin, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Johansen, TH & Yoshizawa, Y 2009, 'Flux Distribution at the Cross Section of Stacked Nanostructured Magnetic Ribbon', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3912-3914.
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Conventional magnetization methods only measure the average magnetic properties over the whole sample. The information is insufficient to understand the local character. This paper presents the visualized magnetization process and its profiles in detail at the cross section of the FINEMET ribbon using advanced magnetooptical imaging technique. External magnetic fields were applied parallel to the surface of the ribbon. A magnetization curve was plotted by interpreting the profile of intensity of magnetooptical images. The profile indicates that the flux densities are higher at the cross section of the ribbons compared with those at the gaps between the ribbons. The flux lines mainly transmit inside the FINEMET ribbons though there are some stray fields between the ribbons.
Zhu, JG, Lin, ZW, Guo, YG & Huang, Y 2009, '3D measurement and modelling of magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite', Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 11-15.
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The soft magnetic composite (SMC) is a new type of soft magnetic material made of insulated iron powders. Its special characteristics could enable the development of low cost high performance electrical machines. This paper presents the measurement and modelling of magnetic properties of SMC under 3D magnetizations. Detailed descriptions of the 3D magnetic property tester, principle of measurement, core loss models, and experimental results are included and discussed.
Abdul Rahman, S, Zhang, N & Zhu, J 1970, 'Genetic Algorithm for UTS Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Parameter Optimization', Proceedings of the 13th Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference (APVC 09), Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-8.
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This paper covers modeling, energy management strategy development, genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and simulation results based on the model of the UTS plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The UTS PHEV configuration consists of energy storage system, electric machine (EM), power control unit and internal combustion engine. The difference between the UTS PHEV and the conventional powertrain configurations is that the existing configurations need two EMs to function as the electric generator and motor, respectively, while the UTS PHEV needs only one EM to function as either a generator or electric motor in different time intervals specified by the energy management strategy and therefore, can save space, weight and cost. Extensive research has been conducted on the modeling and comparison of the new and existing powertrain configurations. The objective of this paper is to minimize the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by optimizing the powertrain parameters. The powertrain was simulated for a standard U.S environmental protection agency drive cycle, the highway drive cycle, and the optimization was performed by using the GA.
Athanasius, GX & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Design of Robust Controller for Wind Turbines', 2009 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, 2009 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, IEEE, pp. 7-12.
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To optimise the performance of the wind generation, wind turbines employ variable speed (VS) variable pitch (VP) control system. Wind turbine is a complex nonlinear mechanical system exposed to uncontrolled wind profiles. Due to this, dynamic and parametric uncertainties arise in the mathematical model of the wind turbines over different operating conditions. This makes the turbine controller design a challenging task. This paper addresses the problem of designing robust control system for wind turbines in the presence of uncertainties using Minimax LQG (linear quadratic gaussian) design methodology. Using this approach the parameter variations and the model uncertainties are represented using Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQCs). Controllers are synthesised using LMI approach. The designed controllers provide robust performance in the presence of the specified uncertainties. Controllers are designed for a test case system and simulation results are presented. © 2009 IEEE.
Athanasius, GX, Zhu, JG & Sreenatha, AG 1970, 'Robust Control of Unmanned Arial Vehicles', 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, & Telecommunication Technologies (ACT 2009), IEEE, pp. 153-155.
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The dynamics of the UAVs are highly nonlinear and continuously vary with time. Also they are subjected to severe external disturbances. Due to this, dynamic and parametric uncertainties arise in the mathematical model of the UAVs over different operating conditions. This paper addresses the problem of designing robust control system for UAVs in the presence of uncertainties using minimax LQG (linear quadratic gaussian) design methodology. Using this approach the parameter variations and the model uncertainties are represented using Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQCs). Controllers are synthesised using LMI approach. The designed controllers provide robust performance in the presence of the specified uncertainties. © 2009 IEEE.
Eslava, S, Urrutia, J, Busawon, AN, Baklanov, MR, Iacopi, F, Maex, K, Kirschhock, CEA & Martens, JA 1970, 'Effects of Silica Sources on Nanoporous Organosilicate Films Templated with Tetraalkylammonium Cations', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 53-58.
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AbstractNanoporous organosilicate films have been recently prepared using tetraalkylammonium cations in acid and basic media, outperforming other materials. Resulting films using basic medium were called zeolite-inspired low-k dielectrics. Here we study the dependence of the properties of these films on the used silica sources: methyltrimethoxy silane (MTMS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). A set of experiments varying the MTMS:TEOS ratio were prepared in acid medium and characterized. A textural, physico-chemical, mechanical, and electrical characterization of this series of experiments is presented.
Gall, M, Grill, A, Iacopi, F, Koike, J & Usui, T 1970, 'Materials, Processes, and Reliability for Advanced Interconnects for Micro- and Nanoelectronics - 2009: Preface', Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings.
Guo, L, Guo, N, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Wang, Y 1970, 'Optimization for Capacitor-Driven Coilgun Based on Equivalent Circuit Model and Genetic Algorithm', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 651-+.
Guo, L, Wang, S, Guo, N, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Analysis and Optimization of Electromagnetic Coilgun', APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS (II), 14th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (ISEM 2009), JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS & MECHANICS, Xi'an Jiatong Univ, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 161-+.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Dorrell, D, Lu, H, Wang, Y & IEEE 1970, 'Development of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with a Molded Low-Density Soft Magnetic Composite Stator Core', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 703-710.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Design and analysis of a permanent magnet motor with SMC core for driving dishwasher pump', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, 138, pp. 138-141.
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This paper presents the development of a permanent magnet motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator core for driving a dishwasher pump. The unique properties of the SMC, such as 3D magnetic isotropy and molding production technique, have been taken into account in the design. 3D magnetic field finite element analysis is carried out to accurately compute the motor parameters and an equivalent electrical circuit is derived to predict the motor performance. Analysis results show that the developed motor is appropriate.
Guo, YG, Dou, YP, Zhu, JG, Zhan, YD & Jin, JX 1970, 'Parameter determination and performance analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous generator by magnetic field finite element analysis', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 255-262.
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This paper presents the accurate determination of key parameters and performance analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) by finite element magnetic field analysis, providing a sound basis for the machine design and optimisation. Parameters such as the winding flux, back electromotive force and inductances are accurately calculated based on a series of numerical field solutions and improved formulations. An equivalent electrical circuit is employed to derive the equation of the external characteristic, the most important performance of the synchronous generator. The theoretical calculations and analyses have been validated by the experimental results on the PMSG prototype. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2009.
Huang, Y, Lin, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Magneto-Thermal Analysis of a High-Speed SMC Motor Based on 3-D FEA', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 1267-+.
Huang, Y, Lin, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Magneto-thermal analysis of a high-speed SMC motor based on 3-D FEA', 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 563-567.
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This paper presents a magneto-thermal model for high-speed SMC motor. Due to high frequency, core loss is much greater than other losses and it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. By using time-stepping FEA, the total core loss is computed by summing up the separately calculated alternating and rotational hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses in each element. The core loss in each element is coupled with the thermal analysis by keeping the same mesh structure between the magnetic and thermal analyses. Other losses such as air frictional loss and rotor loss are included in the model due to high speed. This model is applied to a 2kW, 20krpm claw pole motor with a SMC core. The 3-D FEA is conducted for the core loss and temperature calculation because flux path in claw pole motor is purely three dimensional. The results are compared with experiments.
Iacopi, F, Rooyackers, R, Loo, R, Vanherle, W, Milenin, A, Arstila, K, Verhulst, A, Takeuchi, S, Bender, H, Caymax, M, Hantschel, T, Vandooren, A, Vereecken, PM, De Gendt, S & Heyns, M 1970, 'Seedless Templated Growth of Hetero-Nanostructures for Novel Microelectronics Devices', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 37-42.
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AbstractThe feasibility of a templated seedless approach for growing segmented p-i-n nanowires –based diodes based on selective epitaxial growth is demonstrated. Such diodes are the basic structure for a TunnelFET device. This approach has the potential for being easily scalable at a full-wafer processing, and there is no theoretical limitation for control on nanowires growth and properties when scaling down their diameters, as opposed to an unconstrained vapor-liquid-solid growth. Moreover, Si/SixGe1-x hetero-structures are implemented, showing that this can improve the TFET ON current not only thanks to the lowered barrier for the band-to-band source-channel tunneling, but additionally thanks to its lower thermal budget for growth, allowing for better control of the abruptness of the doping profile at the source-channel tunneling interface.
Li, Y, Yang, Q, Liu, H, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Study on a wind-solar complementary power inverter', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 159-162.
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This paper studies a wind-solar complementary singlephase sine wave power inverter, including the hardware structure, operating principle, and method to the charging and discharging design. A dual-level three-state intelligent float charging based on PIC single chip control is brought forward for combining the special characteristics of wind-solar energy system. It helps the automatic transfer between charging and discharging and active protection of the battery. Unattended wind-solar complementary power system is achieved. With the help of reasonable calculation and simulation analysis, the final parameters are determined. A prototype of 500W/220V/50Hz single-phase sine wave power inverter has been fabricated. Through the model experiment the output voltage waveforms are found in conformity at both no-load and full-load, and the THD is very low. Therefore, the workability and validity are proved.
Liuming Guo, Ningning Guo, Shuhong Wang, Jie Qiu, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo & Yi Wang 1970, 'Optimization for capacitor-driven coilgun based on equivalent circuit model and genetic algorithm', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 234-239.
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This paper presents an analysis and optimal design of a capacitor-driven inductive coilgun. The electromagnetic FEA model of the capacitor-driven inductance coilgun is established and simulated by using Ansoft. In order to speed up the optimization, an equivalent circuit is designed for simulation of the performances of coilgun. A piece-wise model of projectile is built to account for the eddy current. The simulated results are compared with the modeling of FEA value to verify the developed circuit model. It shows that the results are in a good agreement. The optimization of coilgun is achieved by employing the genetic algorithm (GA) based on the circuit model. It is suggested that the proposed algorithm achieves a better result in the energy efficiency of the coilgun system, and obtain a higher muzzle velocity of the projectile.
Wang Qiang, Wu Wenyuan & Su Dawei 1970, 'Analysis and study on Chinese ancient wooden wheel', 2009 IEEE 10th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design & Conceptual Design, 2009 IEEE 10th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design & Conceptual Design, IEEE.
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Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, S, Xu, W & Li, Y 1970, 'Simulation of Sensorless Drive for Surface Mounted PM Machine Based on Comprehensive Machine Model', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, 12th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Tokyo, JAPAN, pp. 609-+.
Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Wang, S 1970, 'Modelling and Simulation of Direct Torque Controlled SPMSM Drive Incorporating Magnetic Saturation Saliency', APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS (II), 14th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (ISEM 2009), JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS & MECHANICS, Xi'an Jiatong Univ, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 163-+.
Wei Xu, Jianguo Zhu, Longcheng Tan, Youguang Guo, Shuhong Wang & Yi Wang 1970, 'Optimal design of a linear induction motor applied in transportation', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology - (ICIT), IEEE, Gippsland, Australia, pp. 790-795.
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Several optimal design schemes of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) adopted in linear metro are presented in this paper. Firstly, the equivalent circuit of SLIM fully considering the end effects, half-filled slots, back-iron saturation and skin effect is proposed, based on one-dimensional air-gap magnetic equations. In the circuit, several coefficients including longitudinal end effect coefficients Kr(s) and Kx(s), transversal end edge effect coefficients Cr(s) and Cx(s), and skin effect coefficient Kf are achieved by using the dummy electric potential method and complex power equivalence between primary and secondary sides. Furthermore, several optimal design restraint equations of SLIM are provided in order to improve the operational efficiency and reduce the primary weight. These nonlinear equations are solved by using genetic algorithm and mixture penalty function method. The optimal schemes are compared with the original design of one company, where analysis on parameters is made in detail. These results show that the optimal schemes are reasonable for improving the performance of SLIM.
Wei Xu, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Yi Wang, Yongchang Zhang & Longcheng Tan 1970, 'Equivalent circuits for single-sided linear induction motors', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 1288-1295.
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Single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) have lately been applied in transportation system traction drives, especially in the intermediate speed range. They have merits such as the ability to exert thrust on the secondary without mechanical contact, high acceleration or deceleration, less wheel wear, small turning circle radius and flexible road line. The theory of operation for these machines can be directly derived from rotary induction motors, but several issues involving the transversal edge and the longitudinal end effects, and half-filled slots at the primary ends, need to be investigated. In this paper, a T model equivalent circuit is proposed which is based on onedimensional magnetic equations of the air-gap, where half-filled slots are considered by an equivalent pole number. Then, it deduces two-axis equivalent circuits to study the SLIM dynamic performance. The theoretical analyses have been validated by experimental results on SLIM prototypes.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Dorrell, DG, Li, Y, Wang, Y & IEEE 1970, 'Drive System Analysis of a Novel Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle', IECON: 2009 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-6, 35th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Porto, PORTUGAL, pp. 3535-3540.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Tan, L & Wang, S 1970, 'Analysis on Performance of Linear Induction Motor Basing on Winding Function Method', ICIEA: 2009 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-6, 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 3630-+.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, Y, Zhang, Y & Tan, L 1970, 'Equivalent Circuits for Single-sided Linear Induction Motors', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 1226-+.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y & Shi, Z 1970, 'Steady and dynamic performance analysis of a single-sided linear induction motor', AUPEC'09 - 19th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Systems, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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The train propelled by a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) has been paid much attention recently by both academia and industry. The SLIM drive has advantages such as the direct thrust without the need of friction between wheel and railway track, small cross-sectional area, lack of gear box, and flexible line choice thanks to the greater climbing capability and smaller turning circle compared with a rotary machine drive. However, the SLIM has longitudinal end effect and half-filled slots for its cut-open primary magnetic circuit, which could reduce the air gap average flux linkage and thrust. This paper, based on winding function method, supposes that the SLIM has three groups of windings: primary, secondary fundamental, and secondary end effect windings. The proposed method can consider the actual winding distribution and structure information, and can calculate the mutual-, self-, and leakage inductances for describing the influence of longitudinal end effect and half-filled slots. Then, a new equivalent model is presented to analyze different dynamic and steady state performances. The comprehensive comparison between simulations and experiments indicates that the proposed model can be applied for the SLIM performance prediction and control scheme evaluation.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Tan, L, Guo, Y, Wang, S & Wang, Y 1970, 'Optimal Design of a Linear Induction Motor Applied in Transportation', 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, IEEE, Churchill, AUSTRALIA, pp. 318-+.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Dorrell, DG, Li, Y & Li, Y 1970, 'An improved series equivalent circuit of a single-sided linear induction motor', 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), IEEE, Porto, Portugal, pp. 3874-3879.
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The derivation of the equivalent circuit for a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) is not straightforward. Especially if it includes longitudinal end effects from the cut-open primary magnetic path, transverse edge effects from the differing widths between the primary lamination and secondary sheet, and half filled primary slots. This paper proposes an improved series equivalent circuit for this machine. The longitudinal end effects are estimated using three different impedances representing the normal, forwards and backwards flux density waves in the air-gap. The transverse edge effects accounted for with a correction coefficient Kt and an air-gap flux density correction coefficient Kb. Using the series circuit, the performance of the SLIM was assessed in a similar manner to a rotating induction machine. A 4 kW SLIM prototype was tested which validated the simulation technique.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Dorrell, DG, Li, Y, Li, Y & IEEE 1970, 'An Improved Series Equivalent Circuit of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor', IECON: 2009 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-6, 35th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Porto, PORTUGAL, pp. 3679-3684.
Yongchang Zhang, Zhengming Zhao, Ting Lu, Liqiang Yuan, Wei Xu & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'A comparative study of Luenberger observer, sliding mode observer and extended Kalman filter for sensorless vector control of induction motor drives', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, pp. 2466-2473.
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Observer-based sensorless techniques are becoming more and more popular and universal. This paper presents a comparative study of three kinds of observers for direct field oriented controlled (DFOC) induction motor (IM) drive: Luenberger observer (LO), sliding mode observer (SMO) and extended Kalman filter (EKF). Each kind of observer employs the dynamic full-order IM model and mechanical equation is introduced to improve the performance of speed estimation. Theoretical principles of the three observers are illustrated. Not only computer simulations, but also a series of experimental results are presented to evaluate the performances of the three observers. A comprehensive analysis and comparisons are given from several aspects, such as steady state accuracy, dynamic performance, low speed operation, parameter sensitivity, noise sensitivity and complexity. The advantages and disadvantages of each observer are summarized and a comprehensive conclusion is given. © 2009 IEEE.
Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu, Dorrell, D, Haiyan Lu & Yi Wang 1970, 'Development of a claw pole permanent magnet motor with a molded low-density soft magnetic composite stator core', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 294-301.
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SMC (soft magnetic composite) materials and SMC electrical machines have undergone significant development in the past decade. For the molding of the SMC core, if a high productivity low pressure press is used, the manufacturing cost can be dramatically reduced. However, the magnetic properties of the SMC core and the machine performance are highly dependant on the mass density of the core. This paper presents the development of a claw pole permanent magnet motor with a low mass density SMC stator core molded at low pressure which can replace the existing single phase induction motor in a dish washer pump. The developed SMC motor has been prototyped and tested. Both the parameter computation and performance prediction are validated by the experimental results. These show that the low mass density SMC core is suitable for low cost mass production of SMC electrical machines.
Yuedong Zhan, Hua Wang, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Fault monitoring and control of PEM fuel cell as backup power for UPS applications', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 631-638.
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Abstract-This paper presents the expert fault monitoring and intelligent comprehensive control of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (PEMFC) as backup power source for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system. The failure status can be shown on the screen of a micro-computer (or a PC) linked with the UPS through an RS-232 and on the control panel of the UPS through LED indicator lights. The proposed intelligent comprehensive monitors and controllers of PEMFC and UPS can supply high quality power with flexible conversion functions, leading to the establishment of reliable power management for UPS applications. Finally, a suitable strategy and technique of fault monitoring and control for a UPS hybrid system with backup PEMFC and battery is implemented. The performances of the monitors and controllers are evaluated by experimental results, showing that the developed UPS system with backup PEMFC and battery power sources is suitable for industry applications.
Zhan, Y, Wang, H, Shao, Z, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Modeling and control of power converters in UPS applications with PEM fuel cell', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 1-4.
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This paper investigates practical cost-effective DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter and AC/DC rectifier for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The developed power converters can supply high quality power with flexible conversion functions, leading to the establishment of reliable power management for UPS applications. A comprehensive control strategy of the PEMFC is implemented for energy management of the UPS hybrid system. The performances of the proposed power converters and their controllers are evaluated by experimental results, showing that the developed UPS system with backup PEMFC and battery power sources is suitable for industry application.
Zhan, Y, Wang, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Fault Monitoring and Control of PEM Fuel Cell as Backup Power for UPS Applications', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 1034-+.
Zhan, Y, Wang, H, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Intelligent Comprehensive Control and Monitor of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Hybrid UPS System', ICIEA: 2009 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-6, 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 3098-+.
Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Lu, T, Yuan, L, Xu, W & Zhu, J 1970, 'A Comparative Study of Luenberger Observer, Sliding Mode Observer and Extended Kalman Filter for Sensor less Vector Control of Induction Motor Drives', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 2720-+.
Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhu, J, Xu, W & Dorrell, DG 1970, 'Speed sensorless direct torque control of 3-level inverter-fed induction motor drive based on optimized switching table', 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), IEEE, Porto, Portugal, pp. 1316-1321.
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Three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters are very appropriate for high-power adjustable-speed drive applications. Direct torque control is characterized by the merits of fast response, simple structure and strong robustness to motor parameters variations. This paper presents a 3-level inverter-fed direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor (IM) drive based on optimized switching table. The problems of high voltage jump, smooth vector switching and neutral point balance are investigated and solved by introducing appropriate intermediate vectors. Furthermore, a speed-adaptive flux observer is employed to enhance the performance of the system by estimating the state variables including the stator flux and state current. Large starting current, which can occur in conventional DTC drives, is controlled effectively by introducing pre-excitation of the stator flux. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes introduced in this paper.
Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhu, J, Xu, W, Dorrell, DG & IEEE 1970, 'Speed Sensor less Direct Torque Control of 3-Level Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive Based on Optimized Switching Table', IECON: 2009 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-6, 35th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Porto, PORTUGAL, pp. 1227-1232.
Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W, Wang, Y & Zhao, Z 1970, 'A sensorless DTC strategy of induction motor fed by three-level inverter based on discrete space vector modulation', AUPEC'09 - 19th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Systems, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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A sensorless direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor drive fed by a 3-level inverter is presented based on discrete space vector modulation. A novel vector synthesis sequence is proposed to solve the problems caused by the topology of the 3-level inverter, such as neutral point unbalance and excessive voltage jump, while maintaining the merits of simplicity and robustness. Fuzzy logic control and speed adaptive flux observer are introduced to enhance the performance of system. The problem of large starting current is investigated and solved by introducing the technique of pre-excitation. A 32-bit fixed-point DSP based 3-level motor drive has been developed and a series of experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Lu, H & Zhu, J 1970, 'Design and electromagnetic analysis of a HTS linear synchronous motor', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 5-10.
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High temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (LSM) integrated with HTS magnetic levitation system, can realize self-levitation and self-guidance without any sliding friction, which will have important applications in many fields such as electromagnetic aircraft launch system, maglev transportation. This paper presents the design and electromagnetic analysis of a HTS LSM, which is levitated by a magnetic levitation system consisting of HTS bulkspermanent magnet (PM) guideways. Numerical analysis and magnetic field finite element analysis (FEA) methods are applied to analyze the thrust, levitation and guidance force characteristics, and the electromagnetic performance of HTS LSM under no-load and load situations are studied with the analysis results are given. Finally, the primary motor running testing results are provided.
Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z & Huang, Y 1970, 'Low cost high performance SMC motors: From material to application', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 385-391.
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The major advantage of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is to be able to manufacture electrical machines by the highly matured powder metallurgical technology at low cost. This paper presents our extensive studies on the measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of SMC materials and novel machine topologies of 3D fluxes. © 2009 IEEE.
Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z & Huang, Y 1970, 'Low Cost High Performance SMC Motors: From Material to Application', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES, International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Univ Elect Sci & Technol, Chengdu, pp. 381-+.