Austin, C, Hare, D, Rawling, T, McDonagh, AM & Doble, P 2010, 'Quantification method for elemental bio-imaging by LA-ICP-MS using metal spiked PMMA films', JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 722-725.
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A method for quantitative analysis of biological soft tissues by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has been developed. Polymer film standards were produced by spin coating spiked solutions of polymethylmethacrylate onto quartz substrates. Calibration curves throughout the range of 0-400 μg g-1 yielded correlation coefficients better than 0.999 for 66Zn and 63Cu. Spiked, homogenised soft tissue standards were quantified by LA-ICP-MS against the thin film standards. The results agreed with values calculated from solution nebulisation ICP-MS. A procedure for internal standardisation by employing ruthenium or yttrium in the underlying thin film was also assessed. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
Bell, TDM, Bhosale, SV, Forsyth, CM, Hayne, D, Ghiggino, KP, Hutchison, JA, Jani, CH, Langford, SJ, Lee, MA-P & Woodward, CP 2010, 'Melt-induced fluorescent signature in a simple naphthalenediimide', Chemical Communications, vol. 46, no. 27, pp. 4881-4881.
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Bhosale, SV, Bhosale, SV, Kalyankar, MB, Langford, SJ & Lalander, CH 2010, 'Self-Assembly of Protoporphyrin IX-TEG Derivatives into Tunable Nanoscaled Spherical Structures — RETRACTED', Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 1326-1329.
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The results of a solvo-controlled self-assembly process involving a novel non-ionic protoporphyrin IX functionalized with triethylene glycol (Proto-NTEG) chains is discussed. In relatively non-polar aprotic solvents (cyclohexane/CHCl3), the protoporphyrin forms stable, uniformly-sized multilamellar micro-vesicles of approximately 65 nm diameter, while in more polar protic solvent mixes (CHCl3/MeOH), the same protoporphyrin forms micellar aggregates with dimensions of approximately 6 nm. The solvo-control operates based on the differing properties of glycol units in cyclohexane and methanol leading to inverse self-assembled structures.
Chaiyong, S, Jatisatienr, A, Mungkornasawakul, P, Sastraruji, T, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Urathamakul, T & Lie, W 2010, 'Phytochemical Investigations of Stemona curtisii and Synthetic Studies on Stemocurtisine Alkaloids', JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 1833-1838.
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The isolation of two new Stemona alkaloids, 1-hydroxyprotostemonine and stemocurtisine N-oxide, and a new benzofuran, stemofuran L, from the root extracts of Stemona curtisii is reported. The major known alkaloids from this plant extract, stemocurtisine, stemocurtisinol, and oxyprotostemonine, were also isolated along with oxystemokerrine N-oxide. The nonalkaloid components of this extract included a new benzofuran derivative, stemofuran L, the known stemofurans F, J, and K, dihydro-γ-tocopherol, and stigmasterol. Stemocurtisine and stemocurtisinol were converted to their respective N-oxides by oxidation. Stemocurtisine was converted to a tetracyclic derivative by oxidative cleavage of the γ-butyrolactone ring, while stemocurtisinol gave a novel lactam derivative by oxidative cleavage of the C-4 side chain under basic conditions. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of some known and new alkaloids and their derivatives are also reported. All were 10-20 times less active as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors than the pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine Stemona alkaloids stemofoline and 1â²,2â²-didehydrostemofoline. None of the stemofuran compounds showed significant antibacterial or antifungal activities.
Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Yisgedu, T, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2010, 'Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hydrated Magnesium Dodecahydrododecaborates', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 201-204.
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Cortie, MB, Giddings, J & Dowd, A 2010, 'Optical properties and plasmon resonances of titanium nitride nanostructures', NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1-8.
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We examine the optical properties of nanostructures comprised of titanium nitride, TiN, an electrically conducting intermetallic-like compound. This material can be deposited in the form of durable films by physical vapor deposition. Use of nanosphere templating techniques extends the range of nanostructures that can be produced to include the versatile semi-shell motif. The dielectric properties of TiN1 - x depend upon stoichiometry and are favorable for plasmon resonance phenomena in the mid-visible to near-infrared range of the spectrum and for x≈0. We analyze the optical phenomena operating in such structures using a combination of experiment and simulation and show that semi-shells of TiN exhibit a tunable localized plasmon resonance with light. The material is, however, unsuitable for applications in which a long-distance surface plasmon polariton is desired. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Coutts, MJ, Zareie, HM, Cortie, MB, Phillips, MR, Wuhrer, R & McDonagh, AM 2010, 'Exploiting Zinc Oxide Re-emission to Fabricate Periodic Arrays', ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1774-1779.
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The synthesis of hexagonal ring-shaped structures of zinc oxide using nanosphere lithography and metal/metal oxide sputtering is demonstrated. This synthesis exploits the surface re-emission of zinc oxide to deposit material in regions lying out of the line-of-sight of the sputtering source. These rings can nucleate the hydrothermal growth of zinc oxide crystals. Control over the growth could be exercised by varying growth solution concentration or temperature or by applying an external potential. © 2010 American Chemical Society.
Foley, M, Ton-That, C & Phillips, MR 2010, 'Luminescent properties of ZnO structures grown with a vapour transport method', THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 518, no. 15, pp. 4231-4233.
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ZnO structures were synthesised on the sapphire (112̄0) substrate by a vapour transport method in a gas flowing furnace. The influence of the oxygen content in the gas mixture on the morphology and luminescent properties of ZnO structures grown on a strip-like substrate was investigated, with all other growth parameters being kept nominally identical. Integrated electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence analysis shows gradual variations of structural and optical emission properties for ZnO structures grown on the long substrate. Defect-related green luminescence of ZnO is found to be highly dependent on the oxygen vapour in the growth region of the furnace. Our findings demonstrate that the green luminescence is associated with oxygen deficiency in ZnO. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fu, S, Lewis, J, Wang, H, Keegan, J & Dawson, M 2010, 'A Novel Reductive Transformation of Oxazepam to Nordiazepam Observed During Enzymatic Hydrolysis', JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 243-251.
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β-Glucuronidase is an enzyme often employed to de-conjugate β-glucuronides during urinary drug testing for benzodiazepines. It is commonly accepted that use of β-glucuronidase is a preferred method of hydrolysis over acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, which is known to induce benzodiazepine degradation and transformation. Literature to date, however, has not reported any cases of benzodiazepine transformation initiated by commercial β-glucuronidase products. In this study, urine specimens containing either oxazepam or oxazepam glucuronide were incubated with β-glucuronidase enzymes obtained from Escherichia coli, Helix pomatia, and Patella vulgata under various incubation conditions. After liquid-liquid extraction, the extract was analyzed by both liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the presence of benzodiazepines. All three enzyme preparations examined were capable of reducing oxazepam or oxazepam glucuronide into nordiazepam (desmethyldiazepam). Nordiazepam formation was positively correlated with incubation temperature, incubation time, oxazepam concentration, and enzyme concentration. Under all enzymatic hydrolysis conditions investigated, the percentage of nordiazepam formation is < 2.5% relative to the amount of oxazepam present in the system. The findings of this study have both clinical and forensic implications, and it is clear that the detection of nordiazepam in biological samples subjected to testing involving enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis should be interpreted with care.
Guo, L, Wang, S, Guo, N, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Simulation and optimization of six-stage electromagnetic coilgun', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 465-471.
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This paper presents a method based on Current Hoop Model for the analysis and design of induction coilgun. The cylindrically symmetric armature is subdivided into concentric hoops with diverse rectangular crosssections, in each of which the current is assumed to be uniformly distributed. An equivalent analytical model considering mutual coupling of coils and armature hoops is constructed for dynamic simulation of the coilgun. Based on this model, the selfand mutualinductances of exciting winding and hoops are calculated by Neumann method. The circuit equations are solved coupled with the equation of motion of projectile by using the Treanor method to ensure the convergence. Comparison between the experimental results and the numerical results simulated by Finite Element method (FEM) shows the validity of the presented simulation method for coilgun. The optimization of a sixstage coilgun is achieved by employing the genetic algorithm (GA).
Hu, J, Chang, Z & Hu, G 2010, 'An approximate method for controlling solid elastic waves by transformation media', Phys. Rev. B, vol. 84, no. 20, p. 201101.
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By idealizing a general mapping as a series of local affine ones, we deriveapproximately transformed material parameters necessary to control solidelastic waves within classical elasticity theory. The transformed elasticmoduli are symmetric, and can be used with Navier's equation to manipulateelastic waves. It is shown numerically that the method can provide a powerfultool to control elastic waves in solids in case of high frequency or smallmaterial gradient. Potential applications can be anticipated in nondestructivetesting, structure impact protection, petroleum exploration and seismology.
Huang, Y, Hu, Q & Zhu, J 2010, 'Magneto-thermal analysis of a high-speed claw pole motor considering rotational core loss', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 54-60.
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This paper presents a magneto-thermal model of a high-speed claw pole motor. Core loss is much greater than other losses and is the main source of heat due to the high operating frequency. Therefore it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is used for core loss calculation and temperature distribution because flux path in claw pole motor is pure three-dimension. The total core loss is computed by separating the alternating and rotational hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses in each element. The element's core loss is coupled into elements in thermal analysis by keeping the same mesh structure between magnetic and thermal analysis. Other losses such as air friction loss, rotor loss are included in the model due to high speed. This model is applied to a 2 kW, 20 kr/min three stack claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite core, and the results are compared and discussed finally.
Huang, Z, Gallucci, J, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'Li2B12H12·7NH3: a new ammine complex for ammonia storage or indirect hydrogen storage', Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 14, pp. 2743-2743.
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Huang, Z, King, G, Chen, X, Hoy, J, Yisgedu, T, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG, Woodward, PM & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'A Simple and Efficient Way to Synthesize Unsolvated Sodium Octahydrotriborate', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 49, no. 18, pp. 8185-8187.
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Kealley, CS & Cortie, MB 2010, 'A Computational Exploration of the Color Gamut of Nanoscale Hollow Scalene Ellipsoids of Ag and Au', PLASMONICS, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 37-43.
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Hollow, nanoscale, scalene ellipsoids of Ag or Au provide an exceedingly tunable localized surface plasmon resonance. Here, we use numerical simulations to determine the limits of the color space that would be possible from colloidal suspensions of these
Kealley, CS, Arnold, MD, Porkovich, A & Cortie, MB 2010, 'Sensors based on monochromatic interrogation of a localised surface plasmon resonance', SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, vol. 148, no. 1, pp. 34-40.
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The localised surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles can be used as the basis of a refractometric sensor. Usually, this is accomplished by monitoring a shift in wavelength of the resonance peak, a task which requires measurements over a range of wavelengths. Here we investigate a different scheme, in which interrogation of the sensor is carried out at a single wavelength. We have used numerical simulations to estimate the effect that the shape of gold nanoparticles would have on the performance on such sensors. A variety of geometries of gold nanoparticles were investigated, including nano-spheres, nano-rods, nano-triangles, and nano-bowties. The performance of a sensor that operates at a single wavelength is controlled by dT/dn, the change in transmittance T with refractive index n, determined at the interrogation wavelength. In turn, dT/dn depends upon the extinction cross-section of the nanoparticles at the chosen wavelength, and on the density of the nanoparticles in the light path. Contributions to the sensor efficiency also include the shift in wavelength of the plasmon resonance and, importantly, the peak sharpness. Of the particles examined, gold nano-rods will provide the most sensitive sensors by a large margin. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Kealley, CS, Cortie, MB, Maaroof, AI & Xu, X 2010, 'Erratum: The versatile colour gamut of coatings of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2009) 11 (5897-5902) DOI: 10.1039/b903318a)', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 12, no. 45, pp. 15141-15143.
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Kealley, CS, Cortie, MB, Maaroof, AI & Xu, X 2010, 'The versatile colour gamut of coatings of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (vol 11, pg 5897, 2009)', PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 12, no. 45, pp. 15141-15143.
Koelsch, M, Mallak, R, Graham, GG, Kajer, T, Milligan, MK, Nguyen, LQ, Newsham, DW, Keh, JS, Kettle, AJ, Scott, KF, Ziegler, JB, Pattison, DI, Fu, S, Hawkins, CL, Rees, MD & Davies, MJ 2010, 'Acetaminophen (paracetamol) inhibits myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidant production and biological damage at therapeutically achievable concentrations', BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 79, no. 8, pp. 1156-1164.
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The heme peroxidase enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released by activated neutrophils and monocytes, where it uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to catalyze the production of the potent oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) from halide and pseudohalide (SCN-) ions. These oxidants have been implicated as key mediators of tissue damage in many human inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and some cancers. It is shown here that acetaminophen (paracetamol), a phenol-based drug with analgesic and antipyretic actions, is an efficient inhibitor of HOCl and HOBr generation by isolated MPOH2O2halide systems. With physiological halide concentrations, acetaminophen concentrations required for 50% inhibition of oxidant formation (IC50) were 77 ± 6 µM (100 mM Cl-) and 92 ± 2 µM (100 mM Cl- plus 100 µM Br-), as measured by trapping of oxidants with taurine. The IC50 for inhibition of HOCl generation by human neutrophils was ca. 100 µM. These values are lower than the maximal therapeutic plasma concentrations of acetaminophen (=150 µM) resulting from typical dosing regimes. Acetaminophen did not diminish superoxide generation by neutrophils, as measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. Inhibition of HOCl production was associated with the generation of fluorescent acetaminophen oxidation products, consistent with acetaminophen acting as a competitive substrate of MPO. Inhibition by acetaminophen was maintained in the presence of heparan sulfate and extracellular matrix, materials implicated in the sequestration of MPO at sites of inflammation in vivo. Overall, these data indicate that acetaminophen may be an important modulator of MPO activity in vivo.
Lei, G, Yang, GY, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2010, 'Electromagnetic Device Design Based on RBF Models and Two New Sequential Optimization Strategies', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 3181-3184.
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We present two new strategies for sequential optimization method (SOM) to deal with the optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. One is a new space reduction strategy; the other is model selection strategy. Meanwhile, radial basis function (RBF) and compactly supported RBF models are investigated to extend the applied model types for SOM. Thereafter, Monte Carlo method is employed to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the new space reduction strategy. Five commonly used approximate models are considered for the discussion of model selection strategy. Furthermore, by two TEAM benchmark examples, we can see that SOM with the proposed new strategies and models can significantly speed the optimization design process, and the efficiency of SOM depends a little on the types of approximate models.
Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, ZW, Guo, Y & Wang, Y 2010, 'Measurement of Soft Magnetic Composite Material Using an Improved 3-D Tester With Flexible Excitation Coils and Novel Sensing Coils', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1971-1974.
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In this paper, accurate measurement of three dimensional (3-D) magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is carried out by using an improved 3-D tester with adjustable excitation coils and novel sensing coils attached upon the surface
Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Wang, XL 2010, 'Magnetic flux penetration in polycrystalline SmFeO0.75F0.2As', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 09E114-09E114.
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The recently discovered Fe–As superconducting materials which show high potential ability to carry current due to their low anisotropy have attracted a great number of attentions to understand their superconductivity mechanism and explore their applications. This paper presents a method to synthesis SmFeO0.75F0.20As polycrystalline by hot press in detail. The magnetization at different temperatures and applied fields obtained by a superconducting quantum interference device are also discussed. In addition, the local magnetization process is presented by magneto-optical imaging technique at the conditions of zero-field-cooling and field-cooling. It is found that the collective magnetization process of the newly discovered Fe–As superconductors is very similar to that of high-Tc cuprates. For instance, the Fe–As superconductors and high-Tc cuprates have the same magnetization features due to strong pining and intergrain weak link. The global supercurrent is significantly lower than local grain supercurrent due to the weak line between the grains.
Lin, ZW, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y, Wang, S, Zhang, YB, Xu, KX & Cai, CB 2010, 'Magneto-optical visualization of vortices penetration into Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 09E155-09E155.
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Vortices penetration into oxygen-free superconducting compounds FeAs-122 system is of interest in understanding superconductivity. This work studies the vortices motion in Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2 single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging technique in zero field cooled and field cooled conditions. The captured magneto-optical images and corresponding flux profiles show that, at zero field cooled condition, vortices penetrate into the crystal from the edges as external magnetic field increases. A vortices-free region is observed at the center of sample as applied field is less than full penetration field. In field cooled condition, the introduced vortices leave the sample at the edges as field decreases and polarization of the vortices at the edges are opposite as decreasing field approaches to zero. The pinning strength decreases with increasing temperature. The observed vortex behavior is very similar to that in high Tc superconducting materials with strong pinning strength.
Lingam, HK, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Huang, Z, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2010, 'Redetermination of di-μ-hydrido-hexahydridotetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)dialuminium(III)magnesium(II)', Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. m575-m575.
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Liu, H, Park, J & Wang, G 2010, 'Nanosize SnO2 for Highly Responsive Gas Sensor Application', SENSOR LETTERS, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 243-246.
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Novel nanosize SnO2 particles were synthesized by a hard template method. The crystal structure and morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The particle size is around 4 nm, which is less than two times the depth (L) of the of the surface depletion layer. The sensing properties towards a series of gases, including ethanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, formaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, and 92# gasoline, were tested at different gas concentrations. The results reveal that the SnO2 nanoparticles have high responsivity towards forementioned toxic and flammable gases.
Mbere-Nguyen, U, Ung, AT & Pyne, SG 2010, 'Synthesis of 2 '-aminoalkyl-1-benzylisoquinoline derivatives and medium sized ring analogues with mu opiod receptor binding activities', TETRAHEDRON, vol. 66, no. 23, pp. 4133-4143.
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Novel 20-aminoalkyl-1-benzylisoquinoline compounds and medium size ring analogues have been prepared using reductive alkylation methods. Four of these analogues were tested for biological activity across 48 different CNS receptors and were showed to have binding activities at the mu opiod receptor.
Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2010, 'Cogging torque reduction of Bldc motor using level set based topology optimization incorporating with triangular finite element', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 3-4, pp. 1069-1076.
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Cogging torque in permanentmagnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor causes torque and speed ripples, as well as acoustic noise and vibration, especially in low speed and direct drive applications. In this paper, the stator core shape is optimized by using a level set based topology optimization to reduce cogging torque. The level set method can represent the precise boundary shape of structure and also deal with complex topology changes during the optimization process. Different from the conventional rectangular meshes, the level set technique based triangular finite element meshes are presented in this paper to deal with irregular domains. The comparison of cogging torque calculated before and after topology optimization verifies the advantages of the level set topology optimization based on triangular meshes.
Pauc, N, Phillips, MR, Aimez, V & Drouin, D 2010, 'Response to “Comment on ‘Carrier recombination near threading dislocations in GaN epilayers by low voltage cathodoluminescence’” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 166101 (2010)]', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 97, no. 16, pp. 166102-166102.
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Phillips, M, Merklein, M, Hardy, T, Manning, T & Wintrebert-Fouquet, M 2010, 'A Mechanism for Mg Acceptor Activation in GaN by Low Energy Electron Beam Irradiation', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 16, no. S2, pp. 816-817.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Pissuwan, D, Cortie, CH, Valenzuela, SM & Cortie, MB 2010, 'Functionalised gold nanoparticles for controlling pathogenic bacteria', TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 207-213.
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The incereasing number of bacterial strains that are resistant to available pharmaceutical compounds is a vital issue for public health. Innovative approaches will be required to improve the methids for both diagnosis and destruction of these organisms. Here we consider the possible role that can be plaued by technologies based on gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles generally are considered to be biologically inert but can be engineered to possess chemical or photothermal functionality. A growing body of research is devoted to the potential use of these nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. The results are both promising and intriguing and suggest a range of new strategies io identiofy target or destrpy pathogenic organisms.
Pongrácz, P, Petőcz, G, Shaw, M, Williams, DBG & Kollár, L 2010, 'Platinum complexes of 2-diphenylphosphinobenzaldehyde-derived P-alkene ligands and their application in the hydroformylation of styrene', Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 695, no. 22, pp. 2381-2384.
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Puntharod, R, Webster, GT, Asghari-Khiavi, M, Bambery, KR, Safinejad, F, Rivadehi, S, Langford, SJ, Haller, KJ & Wood, BR 2010, 'Supramolecular Interactions Playing an Integral Role in the Near-Infrared Raman “Excitonic” Enhancement Observed in β-Hematin (Malaria Pigment) and Other Related Heme Derivatives', The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 114, no. 37, pp. 12104-12115.
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Ranjbartoreh, AR & Wang, G 2010, 'Consideration of mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes under various loading conditions', Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 537-543.
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In this article, mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with various radiuses under tensile, compressive and lateral loads are considered. Stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, tensile, compressive and rotational stiffness, buckling behaviour, and critical axial compressive load and pressure of eight different zigzag and armchair SWCNTs are investigated to figure out the effect of radius and chirality on mechanical properties of nanotubes. Using molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) method, it can be explained that SWCNTs have higher Young's modulus and tensile stiffness than compressive elastic modulus and compressive stiffness. Critical axial force of zigzag SWCNT is independent from the radius, but that of armchair type rises by increasing of radius, also these two types show different buckling modes. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.
Rawling, T, Austin, CE, Zareie, HM & McDonagh, AM 2010, 'Thin films of a dimeric ruthenium phthalocyanine complex on gold', INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 208-210.
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Thin films of a new dimeric ruthenium phthalocyanine complex bearing a thioester-functionalized axial ligand were formed on gold surfaces. Characterization of the thin films by laser ablation-inductively coupled-mass spectrometry and scanning tunneling microscopy revealed that the films do not have any long-range order. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Sastraruji, K, Sastraruji, T, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Jatisatienr, A & Lie, W 2010, 'Semisynthesis and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Stemofoline Alkaloids and Analogues', JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 935-941.
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Semisynthesis of the known Stemona alkaloids oxystemofoline (7) and methoxystemofoline (8) has been achieved starting from (11Z)-1â²,2â²-didehydrostemofoline (6), which confirmed their structures and absolute configurations. The synthesis of (1â²R)-...
Shao, Z, Zhan, Y, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2010, 'Grey Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control with Grey Estimator for Brushless Doubly Fed Motor', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 107-114.
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In this paper, a grey fuzzy sliding mode controller (GFSMC) for brushless doubly fed motor (BDFM) adjustable speed system is presented. A grey model estimator and adaptive fuzzy control technology are incorporated into the sliding mode control (SMC) to adaptively regulate the adaptive law of SMC. The proposed adaptive fuzzy equivalent controller, adaptive fuzzy switching controller, and grey model compensation controller for BDFM can eliminate the average chattering encountered by most SMC schemes, improve the robustness, and obtain excellent static and dynamic performances of SMC. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is feasible, correct and effective.
Spindler, X, Hofstetter, O, Wuhrer, R, McDonagh, A, Roux, C & Lennard, C 2010, 'Targeting amino acids in latent fingermarks using bioconjugated gold-citrate self-assembled monolayer nanoparticles', Science & Justice, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 42-43.
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Stokes, NL, Edgar, JA, McDonagh, AM & Cortie, MB 2010, 'Spectrally selective coatings of gold nanorods on architectural glass', JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 2821-2830.
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Infrared-blocking coatins n window glass can be produced by dispersing gold nanorods into a polymer coating. The spectral selectivity of the coating is controlled by the shape and aspect ration of the nanoparticles, which are in turn determined by the conditions applied during their synthesis. Coatings of nanorods in polyvinyl alcohol were deposited onto glass and characterised in both laboratory and sun-lit conditions. Selective attenuation of the near-infrared was demonstrated with the test panels transmitting approximately one-third of the incident solar radiatyion and absorbing nearly two-thirds. The high absoprtive cross sections of the gold nanorods suggest that they can be applied in efficacious coatings at relatively low volume fractions.
Sun, B, Horvat, J, Kim, HS, Kim, W-S, Ahn, J & Wang, G 2010, 'Synthesis of Mesoporous alpha-Fe2O3 Nanostructures for Highly Sensitive Gas Sensors and High Capacity Anode Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, vol. 114, no. 44, pp. 18753-18761.
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Mesoporous α-Fe2O3 materials were prepared in large quantity by the soft template synthesis method using the triblock copolymer surfactant F127 as the template. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal measurements and transmission electron microscope observation revealed that the as-prepared mesoporous α-Fe2O3 nanostructures have large mesopores in a wide size range of 5-30 nm. It has been found that the Morin transition depends on thermal history of mesoporous α-Fe2O3, which is driven by surface anisotropy. Superparamagnetic behavior of mesoporous α-Fe2O3 is also associated with surface spins with blocking temperature around 50 K. When applied as gas sensors, mesoporous α-Fe2O3 nanostructures exhibited high gas sensitivity toward acetic acid and ethanol gas. As anodes in lithium ion cells, mesoporous α-Fe2O 3 materials show a high specific capacity of 1360 mAh/g with excellent cycling stability and high rate capacity. © 2010 American Chemical Society.
Ton-That, C, Foley, M, Lem, LLC, McCredie, G, Phillips, MR & Cowie, BCC 2010, 'Diffusion synthesis and electronic properties of Fe-doped ZnO', MATERIALS LETTERS, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 386-388.
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Fe-doped ZnO was successfully fabricated by thermal in-diffusion of Fe into ZnO crystals. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), photoemission and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy have been combined to examine the Fe diffusion and its effects on the electronic and optical properties of the crystal. Depth-resolved CL demonstrates that Fe in-diffusion occurs to at least 4 μm depth and results in intense green luminescence, whereas the undoped crystal exhibits only the ZnO near-band-edge emission. XANES and valence-band photoemission show that Fe is incorporated as Fe2+/3+ ions on substitutional Zn sites. The results suggest that the variation in the CL properties is due to a change in the oxygen vacancy charge state as a result of electron transfer from Fe. Crown Copyright © 2009.
Wang, C, Sun, Y, Wen, Q, Wang, G, Wang, Y, Qu, Q, Yang, G & Hu, X 2010, 'Novel reagents for quantitative analysis of valiolamine in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column UV derivatization', Talanta, vol. 81, no. 4-5, pp. 1613-1618.
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A rapid, low-cost, high sensitive and quantitative method to detect valiolamine in a medium for microbial culture, involving derivatization with a new labeling reagent, 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride (MOBS-F), followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (UV) detection with simple operation procedure. 4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (MOBS-Cl) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (NBS-Cl) were compared with MOBS-F as novel reagents in this paper, and the MOBS-F was chosen as the most suitable derivatization reagent. The column was thermostatic at 35 °C, the mobile phase flow-rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. For a biological sample, the separation of the derivatives was achieved using a gradient mobile system. The elution program is 88% phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH = 3.0) and 12% methanol for 23 min, then 70% of phosphate buffer and 30% methanol for another 15 min and finally 88% of phosphate buffer and 12% of methanol for 5 min to re-equilibrate the column. The optimized conditions of the derivatization were as follows: derivatization reaction temperature 30 °C; derivatization reaction pH value 11.0, reaction time 10 min and MOBS-F concentration higher than 1.5 mg/mL for standard solutions and higher than 5.0 mg/mL for the biological sample. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.050-25 μg/mL for the standard solutions and 1.0-75 μg/mL for the biological sample. The sensitive analytical method is helpful to control the biotechnological process of voglibose production and product quality control. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
WANG, C-Y, WANG, D-Y, WANG, G-X & HU, X-Y 2010, 'Determination of Lysozyme Using Microcantilever Sensor Based on Atomic Force Microscopy', Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1771-1775.
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A microcantilever sensor was developed to detect lysozyme in a pharmaceutical formulation based on the principle of atomic force microscopy. By measuring the cantilever bending and deflection using the optical reflection technique, the lysozyme adsorption on a dodecanethiol-modified cantilever surface was detected. Under optimal conditions, a good linear relationship between the deflection of the microcantilever and the logarithm of the lysozyme concentration in the range from 10 ng L-1 to 0.1 mg L-1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998, was established. The limit of detection was 5.0 ng L-1. The lysozyme in the pharmaceutical formulation sample was determined with the desirable results by using the present method. Copyright © 2010, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry.
Wang, G, Liu, H, Horvat, J, Wang, B, Qiao, S, Park, J & Ahn, H 2010, 'Highly Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterisation, Magnetic Properties, and Applications for Electrochemical Energy Devices', CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, vol. 16, no. 36, pp. 11020-11027.
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Highly ordered mesoporous Co3O4 nanostructures were prepared using KIT-6 and SBA-15 silica as hard templates. The structures were confirmed by small angle X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. Both KIT-6 cubic and SBA-15 hexagonal mesoporous Co3O4 samples exhibited a low Néel temperature and bulk antiferromagnetic coupling due to geometric confinement of antiferromagnetic order within the nanoparticles. Mesoporous Co3O4 electrode materials have demonstrated the high lithium storage capacity of more than 1200 mAhg -1 with an excellent cycle life. They also exhibited a high specific capacitance of 370 Fg-1 as electrodes in supercapacitors. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Wang, G, Liu, H, Liu, J, Qiao, S, Lu, GM, Munroe, P & Ahn, H 2010, 'Mesoporous LiFePO4/C Nanocomposite Cathode Materials for High Power Lithium Ion Batteries with Superior Performance', ADVANCED MATERIALS, vol. 22, no. 44, pp. 4944-+.
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Hexagonally ordered mesoporous LiFePO4/C nanocomposites can be synthesised with LiFePO4 nanoparticles embedded in an interconnected carbon framework. Mesoporous LiFePO4/C nanocomposites exhibit superior electrochemical performance and ultra-high specific power density, which makes this architecture suitable for high power applications such as HEVs and stationary energy storage for smart grids. Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Wang, H, Ma, Y, Tian, H, Tang, N, Liu, W, Wang, Q & Tang, Y 2010, 'Novel europium complexes covalently bonded to MCM-41 and SBA-15: spatial confinement effects on photoluminescence behavior', Dalton Transactions, vol. 39, no. 32, pp. 7485-7485.
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Wang, S, Qiu, J, Liu, X, Wang, Z, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, ZW, Wang, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Current distribution analysis for high temperature superconducting cable considering hysteresis characteristics', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 511-517.
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This paper presents a hysteresis model for Type-II high temperature superconductor (HTS) by using simplified Preisach Model, in which the Preisach distribution function μ-kα, β) is determined only based on the B-H limiting loop. The nonlinear dynamic circuit model of the superconductor is established. In the circuit model, the hysteresis inductance and hysteresis loss described by using simplified Preisach Model are deduced. Applying the hysteresis circuit model, the currents flowing in different superconductor layers of high temperature superconducting cable are simulated, as well as the hysteresis loss of the superconducting cable. The simulation results are verified by comparison with the data recorded in literatures. Finally, the influences of hysteresis on superconducting cable are analyzed and discussed. © 2010 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
Wang, Y, Guo, N, Zhu, J, Duan, N, Wang, S, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Li, Y 2010, 'Initial Rotor Position and Magnetic Polarity Identification of PM Synchronous Machine Based on Nonlinear Machine Model and Finite Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2016-2019.
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In this paper, a DC voltage pulse injection based method is proposed to detect the initial position and rotor polarity of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The rotor angle vibration is expressed analytically as a function of the injected pulse.
Wang, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2010, 'A Comprehensive Analytical Mathematic Model for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Incorporating Structural and Saturation Saliencies', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 4081-4091.
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We introduce a new method to model permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with saliencies due to the salient structure and magnetic saturation. We define two parameters to indicate these saliencies, i.e., the structural saliency ratio $(K_{rm str})$ and the saturation saliency ratio $(K_{rm sat})$. To verify the nonlinear model, we tested a real PMSM and numerically simulated it. The nonlinear inductance matrix is deduced and expressed by a nonlinear function regressed from the experimental data. The simulation and experimental results agree well with each other.
Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, S, Guo, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Modeling and simulation of direct torque controlled SPMSM Drive incorporating magnetic saturation saliency', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 473-479.
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In this paper a comprehensive nonlinear model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is proposed considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. An experiment platform is carried out to test and collect the incremental inductance values varying again the stator current levels and the rotor position. The Least Relative Residual Sum of Square (LRRSS) method is employed in the nonlinear inductance function regression. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSMis built up. Furthermore, the direct torque control (DTC) scheme is applied to this new model to verify the model and simulate the machine performance.
Wei Xu, Jian Guo Zhu, Yongchang Zhang, Yaohua Li, Yi Wang & Youguang Guo 2010, 'An Improved Equivalent Circuit Model of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2277-2289.
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The derivation of the equivalent circuit for a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) is not straightforward, particularly if it includes longitudinal end effects from the cut-open primary magnetic path, transversal edge effects from the differing wi
White, R, Thomas, P, Phillips, MR, Moran, K & Wuhrer, R 2010, 'X-Ray Mapping and Scatter Diagram Analysis of the Discoloring Products Resulting from the Interaction of Artist's Pigments', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 594-598.
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The discoloring interaction between the artist's pigments cadmium yellow and the copper-containing malachite, an interaction that is conjectured to cause black spotting in oil paintings of the 19th and early 20th centuries, was examined using X-ray mapping and scatter diagram analysis. The application of these coupled techniques confirmed that copper sulfide phases were produced during discoloration reaction. Scatter diagram analysis indicated that two copper sulfide stoichiometries (CuS and Cu3S2) were present as reaction products where previously only crystalline CuS (covellite) had been identified by X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate the potential of X-ray mapping coupled with scatter diagram analysis for the identification of both crystalline and X-ray amorphous phases produced by such complex heterogeneous interactions and their applicability to the investigation of interactions of artists' pigments. © Microscopy Society of America 2010.
Williams, DBG & Lawton, M 2010, 'Drying of Organic Solvents: Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Several Desiccants', The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 75, no. 24, pp. 8351-8354.
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Williams, DBG & Lawton, M 2010, 'Metal triflates: On the question of Lewis versus Brønsted acidity in retinyl carbocation formation', Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, vol. 317, no. 1-2, pp. 68-71.
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Williams, DBG, Cullen, A, Fourie, A, Henning, H, Lawton, M, Mommsen, W, Nangu, P, Parker, J & Renison, A 2010, 'Mild water-promoted selective deacetalisatison of acyclic acetals', Green Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1919-1919.
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Williams, DBG, Simelane, SB, Lawton, M & Kinfe, HH 2010, 'Efficient tetrahydropyranyl and tetrahydrofuranyl protection/deprotection of alcohols and phenols with Al(OTf)3 as catalyst', Tetrahedron, vol. 66, no. 25, pp. 4573-4576.
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Xu, W, Zhu, JG, Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Li, Y, Wang, Y, Guo, Y & Li, Y 2010, 'Equivalent Circuits for Single-Sided Linear Induction Motors', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2410-2423.
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Single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) have lately been applied in transportation system traction drives, particularly in the intermediate speed range. This is because they have merits, such as the ability to exert thrust on the secondary without mechanical contact, high acceleration or deceleration, less wheel wear, small turning circle radius, and flexible road line. The theory of operation for these machines can be directly derived from rotary induction motors (RIMs). However, while the cut-open primary magnetic circuit has many inherent characteristics of the RIM equivalent circuits, several issues involving the transversal edge and longitudinal end effects and the half-filled slots at the primary ends need to be investigated. In this paper, a T-model equivalent circuit is proposed which is based on the 1-D magnetic equations of the air gap, where half-filled slots are considered by an equivalent pole number. Among the main five parameters, namely, the primary resistance, primary leakage inductance, mutual inductance, secondary resistance, and secondary inductance, the mutual inductance and the secondary resistance are influenced by the edge and end effects greatly, which can be revised by four relative coefficients, i.e., Kr, Kx, Cr, and Cx. Moreover, two-axis equivalent circuits (dq or αβ) according to the T-model equivalent circuit are obtained using the power conversion rule, which are analogous with those of the RIM in a two-axis coordinate system. The linear induction motor dynamic performance, particularly the mutual inductance and the secondary resistance, can be analyzed by the four coefficients. Experimental verification indicates that both the T-model and the new two-axis circuits are reasonable for describing the steady and dynamic performance of the SLIM. These two models can provide good guidance for the electromagnetic design and control scheme implementation for SLIM applications.
Yisgedu, TB, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Meyers, EA, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'Intermolecular dihydrogen- and hydrogen-bonding interactions in diammoniumcloso-decahydrodecaborate sesquihydrate', Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. m1-m3.
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Yongjian Li, Qingxin Yang, Jianguo Zhu, Zhiwei Lin, Youguang Guo & Jingfeng Sun 2010, 'Research of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reluctivity Tensor Based on Measurement of Magnetic Properties', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1932-1935.
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In this paper, a method of studying the three-dimensional (3-D) reluctivity tensor by measuring 3-D vector magnetic properties of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is presented. The magnetic flux density B and magnetic field strength H loci under alternating and rotating magnetizations are measured by using an improved 3-D tester. The magnetic reluctivity tensor can be expressed by a second-order three-dimensional full rank matrix by means of the experimental results. Taking the off-diagonal elements into account can benefit to accurate numerical analysis of magnetic field in 3-D flux electrical machines.
Alomari, MM & Zhu, JG 1970, 'The Influence of Machine Saturation on Bifurcation and Chaos in Multimachine Power Systems', Chaotic Systems, Selected Papers from the 2nd Chaotic Modeling and Simulation International Conference (CHAOS2009), WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Chania, GREECE, pp. 1-8.
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Foley, M, Ton-That, C & Phillips, MR 1970, 'Cathodoluminescence characterisation of vapour transport grown ZnO structures', 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 207-209.
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ZnO structures grown under controlled vapour-phase transport growth conditions were characterised by electron microscopy and high-resolution cathodoluminescence techniques. Variations in the defect related emission and morphology were observed to be dependent on the distance from the source material. Annealing of grown structures under oxygen eliminated the defect emission. These experimental observations suggest that oxygen deficiency in ZnO is linked to the defect related emission, and that defect emission is strongly influenced by the oxygen gas content during vapour transport growth. © 2010 IEEE.
Gang Lei, Shao, KR, Yang, GY, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 1970, 'Sequential design of experiments techniques for the optimization design of electromagnetic devices', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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Three sequential design of experiments (uniform, Latin hypercube and central composite designs) techniques are presented to deal with the optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. These methods can be employed not only as the sampling techniques for the sequential optimization method, but also as a direct sampling optimization method. Thereafter, we use a TEAM Workshop problem to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. From the experiments and the comparison, we can see that the proposed methods can produce satisfactory solutions, and the compute cost of the total finite element analysis can be remarkably reduced. © 2010 IEEE.
Gong, R, Wang, S, Luo, X, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 1970, 'Simulation and optimization of structure parameters in 550kV disconnectors based on Response Surface Method', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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In this paper, the simulation and optimization electric field distribution in 550kV disconnectors of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) are investigated employing the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Response Surface Method (RSM). The simulation results reveal that a uniform electric field distribution is achieved in 550kV disconnectors of GIS. This optimal prototype of disconnectors has been undertaken the experiments under power frequency withstanding voltage of 740kV for 1 minute, lightening impulse of 1675kV, and operating impulse of 1300kV, respectively. The structure design and the reliability of the optimized disconnectors are verified. © 2010 IEEE.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, Y, Lu, H & Lin, Z 1970, 'Performance Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Claw Pole SMC Motor with a Nonlinear Inductance Model', Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (APSAEM2010), Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Kuala Lumper, Malaysia, pp. 348-351.
Heyns, M, Bellenger, F, Brammertz, G, Caymax, M, Cantoro, M, De Gendt, S, De Jaeger, B, Delabie, A, Eneman, G, Groeseneken, G, Hellings, G, Houssa, M, Iacopi, F, Leonelli, D, Lin, D, Magnus, W, Martens, K, Merckling, C, Meuris, M, Mitard, J, Penaud, J, Pourtois, G, Scarrozza, M, Simoen, E, Soree, B, Van Elshocht, S, Vandenberghe, W, Vandooren, A, Vereecke, P, Verhulst, A & Wang, W-E 1970, 'Shaping the future of nanoelectronics beyond the Si roadmap with new materials and devices', OPTICAL MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIII, Conference on Optical Microlithography XXIII, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, San Jose, CA.
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Hu, J, Zhu, J, Dorrell, D, Wang, Y, Zhang, Y, Xu, W & Li, Y 1970, 'A novel control strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator during voltage dips', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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This paper proposes a novel control strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind power system and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based wind power system during grid voltage dips. Based on a comparative study, the rotor over-current of DFIG and DC-link over-voltage of PMSG are identified as two main issues during grid voltage dips. A novel control strategy is proposed to enhance the wind farm Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability to some degree without additional devices, taking both grid code requirements and wind turbine requirements into account. A wind farm model consisting of DFIGs and PMSGs is built up. The effectiveness of the solution is demonstrated after simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Hu, J, Zhu, J, Dorrell, DG, Ma, Q, Zhang, Y, Xu, W & IEEE 1970, 'Control Strategies of Variable-Speed Wind System under New Grid Code Requirement-A Survey', IECON 2010 - 36TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Glendale, AZ, USA, pp. 3061-3066.
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The rate at which large variable speed wind farms are being developed had increased rapidly as the demand for green energy has grown. With this increase in distributed energy penetration into power networks, the main focus must be on power quality (Voltage Quality and Supply Reliability). However, new grid codes require wind energy generating systems to ride through grid faults, and at the same time inject reactive current into the grid. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the control strategies for doubly-fed induction generator wind systems, including grid synchronization, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), active and reactive power regulation, and fault ride-through. From the assessment of these control techniques, conclusions about the trend of wind power generation technologies are drawn.
Hu, J-J & Zeng, G 1970, 'On The Exit Management Policy Of Public Housing In Major Market Economies And Its Enlightenment', PROCEEDINGS OF 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ASIA PACIFIC NETWORK FOR HOUSING RESEARCH, Proceedings of 2010 International Conference of Asia Pacific Network for Housing Research, CHINA ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING PRESS, Renmin Univ China, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1-12.
Iacopi, F, Choi, JH, Muneoka, H, Mori, S, Terashima, K, Rice, PM, Krupp, L & Dubois, G 1970, 'Breakthrough reduction of low-k damage with cryoplasma ashing', Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC), pp. 180-181.
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We demonstrate that 193nm photoresist material can be etched using an ashing process with plasma gas at cryogenic temperatures at least down to 200K. For equivalent ashing times, the penetration extent of oxidizing plasma species into a 40% porosity OSG dielectric at 200K is three times smaller than at room temperature.
Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Steady state characteristic simulation of DFIG for wind power system', International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering (ICECE 2010), Computer Engineering (ICECE), IEEE, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 151-154.
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Wind power, as an important and promising renewable resource, is widely studied. Because the wind is highly variable, it is very desirable to operate a wind turbine at variable speeds. In this respect, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has become popular in wind power generation system. The steady state simulation analysis of a DFIG is essential to understand the behavior of DFIG such that it can operate at maximum power producing point for a given wind speed. This paper explores the steady state characteristic of a DFIG in wind power generation system using MATLAB.
Islam, MR, Guo, Y, Zhu, JG & Rabbani, MG 1970, 'Simulation of PV array characteristics and fabrication of microcontroller based MPPT', International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering (ICECE 2010), Computer Engineering (ICECE), IEEE, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 155-158.
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In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the PV array represents about 57% of the total cost of the system, so it is very desirable to operate the PV panel at the maximum power point (MPP). The output characteristics of the solar array are nonlinear and vitally affected by solar radiation, temperature, and load conditions. In this respect simulation analysis of PV array is essential to understand the output characteristics of PV array such that it can operate at the maximum power producing point for a given atmospheric condition. This paper explores the output characteristics of a PV array in MATLAB environment and the fabrication of a microcontroller based simple maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The fabricated MMPT has the capability to track the MPP and the use of the MPPT enhances the output power by 20%.
Kajer, T, Koelsch, M, Mallack, R, Graham, G, Milligan, MK, Newsham, DW, Kettle, AJ, Scott, KF, Ziegler, JB, Pattison, DI, Fu, S, Rees, MD, Hawkins, CL & Davies, MJ 1970, 'Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Inhibits Myeloperoxidase-Catalyzed Oxidant Production And Biological Damage at Therapeutically-Achievable Doses in Humans', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, 17th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-Medicine /15th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International, ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Orlando, FL, pp. S179-S179.
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Li, Y 1970, 'Theoretical foundation for engineering design of functional textiles', PROCEEDINGS OF 2009 INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM, International Textile Science and Technology Forum, CHINA TEXTILE & APPAREL PRESS, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1-9.
Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, ZW, Wang, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Magnetic properties measurement of soft magnetic composite materials over wide range of excitation frequency', 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 2259-2265.
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Accurate measurements of magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material are performed on an improved 3D tester by means of novel precision B-H sensing coils attached to the surface of the specimen. By controlling the adjustable excitation
Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Sun, J, Wang, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Analysis of the 3-D magnetic reluctivity tensor based on magnetic properties measurement of SMC materials', 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS2010, pp. 1767-1772.
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In order to comprehensively understand magnetic field distribution in soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials which apply to three-dimensional (3-D) flux electrical machine design, 3-D reluctivity tensor should be taken into account. A 3-D magnetic properties testing system fitting for cubic SMC sample has been constructed and calibrated by means of finite element method (FEM). According to the experimental data from 3-D magnetic property tester, this paper presents the modeling of 3-D magnetic reluctivity tensor, which can be written to a 3x3 full rank matrix. Laboratory results and FEM analysis are presented to testify the rationality of design and optimize the performance of electromagnetic devices.
Manning, TJ, Hardy, T, Merklein, M, Wintrebert-Fouquet, M & Phillips, MR 1970, 'A Mechanism for Mg acceptor activation in GaN by Low Energy Electron Beam Irradiation', 2010 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Devices (COMMAD), IEEE, Canberra, ACT, pp. 139-140.
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Low Energy Electron Beam Irradiation (LEEBI) was found to quench the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) attributed to carbon (CN at 3.28 eV at 80 K) and enhances the emission of the 3.27 eV peak, which has been attributed to a free-to-bound (e,Mg0) transition at 300 K. This results in increased cathodoluminescence (CL) emission at room temperature and a decrease in CL emission at liquid nitrogen temperatures (~77 K). © 2010 IEEE.
Nenstiel, C, Switaisky, T, Alic, M, Suski, T, Albecht, M, Phillips, MR & Hoffmann, A 1970, 'Luminescence of InGaN MQWs grown on misorientated GaN substrates', 2010 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Devices (COMMAD), IEEE, Canberra, ACT, pp. 135-136.
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Optoelectronic devices based on InGaN have already been commercialised, however, the Indium content is limited to around 5%. With higher Indium concentration the quantum efficiency decreases, which is thought to be due to increasing inhomogeneity. In this work it is shown that the growth of InGaN on misorientated GaN substrates forces these Indium fluctuations on a nanometre scale. Temperature dependent luminescence measurements provide information about the homogeneity of the band structure. Energy selective excitation confirms the existence of localisation centres and indicates their energetic depth. Time-resolved measurements define the lifetime of localized excitons, which provides information about radiative and nonradiative processes as well as tunnelling mechanisms between the localization centres. Indium fluctuations at the nm and μm scale are measured using cathodoluminescence (CL) and Micro Photoluminescence (μPL) respectively. © 2010 IEEE.
Rahman, SA, Nong Zhang & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'A comparison on fuel economy and emissions for conventional hybrid electric vehicles and the UTS plug-in hybrid electric vehicle', 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE), 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE 2010), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 20-25.
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This paper covers a comparative study on fuel economy and emissions of a conventional hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and the UTS plug-in HEV (PHEV). The interaction between the components such as energy storage system, electric machine, power control unit
Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Torque ripples and estimation performance of high frequency signal injection based sensorless PMSM drive strategies', 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Altanta, USA, pp. 1699-1706.
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The developed nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) model established a virtual model to simulate and assess the sensorless drive schemes for PMSMs avoiding the experimental trial and error method. In this paper, three sensorless PMSM drive schemes are investigated and compared, which are all based on the high frequency signal injection. The nonlinear PMSM machine model is employed to accurately simulate the machine performance and to analytically assess the efficiency of the sensorless algorithm. Both the structural and saturation saliencies are incorporated in this comprehensive model. The comparison of the machine torque ripples induced by excitation signals are carried out. The magnitude of injected signal and recordable rotor position information are considered together as the efficiency of the estimation algorithm. Additionally, the implementation and signal process computing costs are considered for all the schemes. Finally, a comprehensive comparison of all the methods is developed.
Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y, Xu, W, Hu, J & Wang, S 1970, 'Modelling of surface mounted PM machines incorporating saturation saliency and frequency variation', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper a comprehensive magnetic model is developed for a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. With an identifiable parameter matrix, a numerical nonlinear inductance model is proposed, in which the rotor position and the stator current are taken as two independent variables. Additionally, the stator current frequency is taken as another factor of the inductances and the inductances for different frequencies are investigated. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSM is built up based on the new magnetic inductance function. Finite element method (FEM) based calculation and simulation results are used to verify the proposed nonlinear magnetic model.
Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, S, Guo, Y, Li, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Analytical nonlinear model for permanent magnet synchronous machine incorporating saturation saliencies', 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS2010, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Incheon, pp. 1014-1019.
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This paper investigates the nonlinear model of the permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). In order to incorporate the structural and saturation saliencies, two parameters are defined to indicate the saturation ratios. An analytical model is derived and the inductance matrix is expressed in both stationary and rotating reference frames, respectively. An incremental inductance measure system is established, on which a real PMSM is tested and numerically simulated. The nonlinear inductance matrix is deduced and expressed by a nonlinear function, regressed from the experimental collected data. Based on the magnetic parameters observed from the prototype, the estimated inductance curves are compared with the experimentally measured curves. Finite Element Method (FEM) is also applied to verify the developed mathematic model. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the proposed model. The results show that the proposed method can be applied to analytically express the machine nonlinearity.
Wenke Xu & Fuxiang Liu 1970, 'Recursive algorithm of Generalized Least Squares Estimator', 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE), 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE 2010), IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 487-490.
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Xiaoming Chen, Shao, KR, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 1970, 'A inverse scattering technique for objects buried in planar layered media based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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The problem of reconstructing three-dimensional objects buried in layered media is addressed in this paper. A numerical approach which is based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm(EDA) is proposed. The reconstruction is obtained from the iterative inversion method that minimizes the cost function by using EDA, where the cost function is defined as the squared magnitude of the difference between the measured fields and the calculated fields from the assumed profile of the object. Numerical result shows these methods are capable of reconstructing an arbitrary 3D inhomogeneous object buried in a multilayered medium. © 2010 IEEE.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Dorrell, DG, Guo, Y & IEEE 1970, 'Electromagnetic Optimal Design of a Linear Induction Motor in Linear Metro', IECON 2010 - 36TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Glendale, AZ, USA, pp. 3067-3072.
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An improved T-model equivalent circuit of a single-sided linear induction machine (SLIM) is proposed. The analysis utilizes a set of one-dimensional air gap flux linkage equations. The model takes longitudinal end and transversal edge effects into consideration. These have to account for primary terminal half-filled slots, secondary back-iron saturation and skin effect in the secondary conducting sheet. In the circuit, several coefficients are obtained by use of the dummy electric potential method in conjunction with consideration of the complex power equivalence between the primary and secondary sides. The coefficients derived include the longitudinal end effect coefficients Kr and Kx, transversal edge effect coefficients Cr and Cx, and skin effect coefficient Kf. The accuracy of the T-model is validated using comparison to a set of measured data under constant current - constant frequency conditions. These were taken from the Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS) in Canada. An optimal design scheme for the SLIM is addressed. The application used for the optimization is a prototype propulsion system in a high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev drive. The efficiency and primary weight are chosen as optimal objective functions while the thrust, power factor and other performance indexes are calculated.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y & Sun, G 1970, 'Steady and dynamic performance analyses of a linear induction machine', The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010, 2010 XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 1-6.
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This paper based on the winding function algorithm presents an improved equivalent circuit to analyze single linear induction motors (SLIMs) applied in the linear metro. The circuit deduced from the air-gap magnetic flux density equations can analyze steady and transient performances considering end effects, half filled slots, saturated iron and skin effect. Firstly several stable cases like constant thrust/power region, constant current constant frequency or variable frequencies, constant voltage constant frequency or variable frequencies are presented in detail. Then, maximal thrust at a given speed is optimized by modifying the optimal slip frequency. Finally, transient characteristics of SLIM under constant current constant frequency are investigated. The results indicate that winding function method is one effective way to study SLIM, especially its end effects. It can be used in the electromagnetic design and performance investigation for SLIM combining relative control schemes.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y & Sun, G 1970, 'Characterization of advanced drive system for hybrid electric vehicles', 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS2010, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Incheon, pp. 487-492.
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The electric drive is a key component in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The ideal tendency is to use the electric machine over the entire torque/speed range. This paper presents the characterization of the electrical drive suitable for a recently proposed PHEV powertrain, and the design optimization of the electric machine. The newly proposed PHEV powertrain has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time, an energy storage unit consisting of battery and super-capacitor banks for fast charging/discharging during regenerative braking and fast acceleration/ deceleration, and a transmission line consisting of two power split devices and a gearbox. The electric machine must be designed for frequent start/stop, fast acceleration/deceleration, high torque and power densities, and high efficiency at all speeds. The drive system was modeled and characterized by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and PSAT, while the machine design was conducted through electromagnetic field analysis by using ANSYS. The design optimization was carried out for four different electric machines, including a double salient permanent magnet (DSPM) machine, a hybrid excitation DSPM (HEDSPM) machine, and two flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines of two different pole arrangements. The results show that the 6/7 pole FSPM machine has the best performance.
Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y, Li, Y & Hu, J 1970, 'Flux-switching permanent magnet machine drive system for plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) depends mostly on the electric drive system where the internal combustion engine just acts as the auxiliary unit, which has strict constraints for the drive machine. According to the Toyota Prius configuration, one novel PHEV drive system in this paper has been brought forward which primarily includes one drive machine operating as both motor and generator, energy storage unit combining supercapacitor and battery. In the novel PHEV, the ideal tendency is to use the drive machine over the entire torque/speed range, including starting/acceleration, high speed cruising, regenerative braking, etc. The flux-switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM) for the drive system has been studied in details. Firstly, the structure and operation principle are analyzed theoretically. In order to achieve higher torque/power density and lower torque ripple, FSPMM with 6/7 (stator/rotor) poles and 12/14 poles according to plenty of investigations are optimized based on our setting objective function decided by actual projects. Moreover, it analyzes several typical performance curves, such as cogging/rating torque, flux linkage, back-EMF, and self-/mutual-inductances. Finally the flux-weakening ability and efficiency are estimated by experience. The results indicate that FSPMM is one ideal candidate for our PHEV drive system for its strong thermal dissipation ability, good mechanical robustness, strong flux-weakening ability, etc.
Yang, G, Chen, X, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 1970, 'Application of meshless collocation method to solve eddy current magnetic field problems involving conductor movement', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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This paper applies the Radial Basis function (RBF) collocation method to compute the eddy current magnetic field coupled with conductor movement. Because of the linear characteristic of the RBF collocation matrix equation, the unknown magnetic vector potential could be easily decoupled and directly expressed in moving coordinate systems without model recast. This offers a great convenience to deal with the conductor movement. Time-domain iteration is constructed to solve the governing equations. And in each iteration step, the magnetic field and kinetic equations are calculated alternately. Two numerical examples, the TEAM workshop problem 28 and a transient coil gun problem are considered to analyze the accuracy and efficiency of this method. © 2010 IEEE.
Yongjian Li, Qingxin Yang, Zhu, J, Jingfeng Sun, Lei Guo & Cuihuan Li 1970, 'Modeling and analysis of 3-D tensor magnetic reluctivity properties of soft magnetic composite material', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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In rotating electric machines, magnetic material shows complex three-dimensional (3-D) properties due to rotational domains. In order to comprehensively analyze magnetic field distribution in the rotating flux machines, a 3-D magnetic properties testing system fit for cubic specimen has been constructed and modeled by means of finite element method (FEM). Taking the magnetic reluctivity tensor into account, this paper presents the modeling of 3-D tester core and analyzes the 3-D properties of a kind of SMC material. Experimental results are also presented to testify the rationality of design. © 2010 IEEE.
Zhang, Y, Zhu, J & Xu, W 1970, 'Analysis of one step delay in direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor and its remedies', 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS2010, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Korea, pp. 792-797.
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One-step delay in digital implementation of direct torque controlled (DTC) AC motor drives leads to large torque ripple and low switching frequency. Two remedies are proposed in this paper to eliminate the one-step delay. One is based on model-based prediction, which is complex and relies much on the model; the other is based on the multiple sampling of stator current. Different from the model-based method, the stator current prediction in the second method is achieved by using linear extrapolation, which does not require the motor model. By using the one-step compensation, the torque and flux ripples are reduced effectively and the switching frequency is increased, making better use of the power converters. The two remedies are firstly simulated in Simulink, and then experimentally verified in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) DTC drive, validating the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Zhang, Y, Zhu, J & Xu, W 1970, 'Predictive torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with reduced switching frequency', 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS2010, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Incheon, pp. 798-803.
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A novel model based predictive torque control (MPTC) method is proposed in this paper for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. By choosing the voltage vector best satisfying the demands of torque and flux, important reduction in torque and flux ripples can be observed compared to conventional DTC. Furthermore, the losses of system can be reduced effectively by incorporating the switching frequency calculation in the cost function, whereas the torque and flux performance only varies slightly. The influences of one-step delay for both DTC and MPTC are investigated. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in this paper.
Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Xu, W, Hu, J, Dorrell, DG, Zhao, Z & IEEE 1970, 'Speed Sensorless Stator Flux Oriented Control of Three-Level Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive Based on Fuzzy Logic and Sliding Mode Control', IECON 2010 - 36TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Glendale, AZ, USA, pp. 2932-2937.
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A novel simplified stator flux oriented control (SFOC) for three-level inverter-fed induction motor drive is proposed to achieve high performance torque control in both steady state and transient conditions. Sliding mode control (SMC) is designed, in stead of conventional PI controller, to obtain the continuous commanding voltage vectors. The speed accuracy and dynamic tracking performance, as well as robustness to external disturbance, are improved by using fuzzy logic control (FLC). A speed adaptive flux observer with novel gain and load torque observation is introduced to improve the dynamic performance of speed estimation. The issue of large starting current in SFOC is addressed, and a strategy with pre-excitation and ramp function of commanding stator flux is proposed to solve this problem. By utilizing the redundant states of small vectors, the neutral point voltage fluctuation of three-level inverter is kept within a certain range. Experimental results prove that the sensorless three-level inverter-fed IM drive exhibits excellent dynamic performance and steady-state accuracy over a wide speed range.