Afzal, S, Daoud, WA & Langford, SJ 2012, 'Self-cleaning cotton by porphyrin-sensitized visible-light photocatalysis', Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 4083-4083.
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Allsop, DJ, Copeland, J, Norberg, MM, Fu, S, Molnar, A, Lewis, J & Budney, AJ 2012, 'Quantifying the Clinical Significance of Cannabis Withdrawal', PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 9, p. e44864.
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Background and Aims: Questions over the clinical significance of cannabis withdrawal have hindered its inclusion as a discrete cannabis induced psychiatric condition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV). This study aims to quantify functional impairment to normal daily activities from cannabis withdrawal, and looks at the factors predicting functional impairment. In addition the study tests the influence of functional impairment from cannabis withdrawal on cannabis use during and after an abstinence attempt. Methods and Results: A volunteer sample of 49 non-treatment seeking cannabis users who met DSM-IV criteria for dependence provided daily withdrawal-related functional impairment scores during a one-week baseline phase and two weeks of monitored abstinence from cannabis with a one month follow up. Functional impairment from withdrawal symptoms was strongly associated with symptom severity (p = 0.0001). Participants with more severe cannabis dependence before the abstinence attempt reported greater functional impairment from cannabis withdrawal (p = 0.03). Relapse to cannabis use during the abstinence period was associated with greater functional impairment from a subset of withdrawal symptoms in high dependence users. Higher levels of functional impairment during the abstinence attempt predicted higher levels of cannabis use at one month follow up (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Cannabis withdrawal is clinically significant because it is associated with functional impairment to normal daily activities, as well as relapse to cannabis use. Sample size in the relapse group was small and the use of a non-treatment seeking population requires findings to be replicated in clinical samples. Tailoring treatments to target withdrawal symptoms contributing to functional impairment during a quit attempt may improve treatment outcomes. © 2012 Allsop et al.
Bhosale, SV, Hackbarth, S, Langford, SJ & Bhosale, SV 2012, 'Light‐Induced Electron Transfer over Distances of 5, 10, and 15 Å within Water‐Filled Yoctowells', Chemistry – An Asian Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 176-182.
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AbstractA small series of variable‐depth yoctowell cavities with ′functional′ walls on aminated silica particles and gold electrodes has been established. The dimensions of the gaps formed were 2.2 nm in diameter with varying ′functional′ depths of 5, 10, and 15 Å, depending on the length of bolaphiles applied and the position of the positive rim; these gaps were prepared through a Michael addition of the incorporated ene‐amide groups. Using this construct and electrostatic interactions between the positive rim and anionic quinones as a means of immobilization, a porphyrin–quinone dyad system has been prepared. The distance between the donor and acceptor was changed systematically in aqueous solution, whilst maintaining a similar environment in each case. Upon photoexcitation of the porphyrin, efficient electron transfer occurs between the porphyrin and quinone units in a distance‐dependent manner on the nanosecond timescale.
Bishop, J, Lobo, CJ, Martin, A, Ford, M, Phillips, M & Toth, M 2012, 'Role of Activated Chemisorption in Gas-Mediated Electron Beam Induced Deposition', Physical Review Letters, vol. 109, no. 14, p. 146103.
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Models of adsorbate dissociation by energetic electrons are generalized to account for activated sticking and chemisorption, and used to simulate the rate kinetics of electron beam induced chemical vapor deposition (EBID). The model predicts a novel temperature dependence caused by thermal transitions from physisorbed to chemisorbed states that govern adsorbate coverage and EBID rates at elevated temperatures. We verify these results by experiments that also show how EBID can be used to deposit high purity materials and characterize the rates and energy barriers that govern adsorption. © 2012 American Physical Society.
Bishop, J, Toth, M, Phillips, M & Lobo, C 2012, 'Effects of oxygen on electron beam induced deposition of SiO2 using physisorbed and chemisorbed tetraethoxysilane', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101, no. 21, pp. 211605-211605.
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Electron beam induced deposition (EBID) is limited by low throughput and purity of as-grown material. Co-injection of O2 with the growth precursor is known to increase both the purity and deposition rate of materials such as SiO2 at room temperature. Here, we show that O2 inhibits rather than enhances EBID from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursor at elevated temperatures. This behavior is attributed to surface site competition between chemisorbates at elevated temperature, and TEOS decomposition by atomic oxygen produced through electron dissociation of physisorbed O2 at room temperature.
Bosman, M, Anstis, GR, Keast, VJ, Clarke, JD & Cortie, MB 2012, 'Light Splitting in Nanoporous Gold and Silver', ACS NANO, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 319-326.
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Nanoporous gold and silver exhibit strong, omnidirectional broad-band absorption in the far-field. Even though they consist entirely of gold or silver atoms, these materials appear black and dull, in great contrast with the familiar luster of continuous
Browne, EC, Langford, SJ & Abbott, BM 2012, 'Peptide Nucleic Acid Monomers: A Convenient and Efficient Synthetic Approach to Fmoc/Boc Monomers', Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 539-539.
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A convenient and cost-effective method for the synthesis of Fmoc/Boc-protected peptide nucleic acid monomers is described. The Fmoc/Boc strategy was developed in order to eliminate the solubility issues during peptide nucleic acid solid-phase synthesis, in particular that of the cytosine monomer, that occurred when using the commercialized Bhoc chemistry approach.
Carroll, L, Hawkins, CL, Fu, S, Storkey, C, Schiesser, H & Davies, MJ 2012, 'Seleno compounds are effective catalytic scavengers of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 53, pp. S97-S97.
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Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Wei Lin, Z 2012, 'Transient analysis and control of bias magnetic state in the transformer of on-line pulse-width-modulation switching full bridge direct current-direct current converter', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 07E709-07E709.
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This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) based method for analyzing and controlling the bias magnetic state of the transformer of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) switching full bridge dc-dc converter. A field-circuit indirect coupling method for predicting the transient bias magnetic state is introduced first. To increase flexibility of the proposed method, a novel transformer model which can address not only its basic input-output characteristic, but also the nonlinear magnetizing inductance, is proposed. Both the asymmetric characteristic and the variable laws of the current flowing through the two secondary windings during the period of PWM switching-off state are highlighted. Finally, the peak magnetizing current controlled method based on the on-line magnetizing current computation is introduced. Analysis results show that this method can address the magnetic saturation at winding ends, and hence many previous difficulties, such as the start-up process and asymmetry of power electronics, can be easily controlled.
Chen, X, Gallucci, J, Campana, C, Huang, Z, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'Anti and gauche conformers of an inorganic butane analogue, NH3BH2NH2BH3', Chemical Communications, vol. 48, no. 64, pp. 7943-7943.
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Chen, X, Lei, G, Yang, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2012, 'An Improved Population-Based Incremental Learning Method for Objects Buried in Planar Layered Media', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1027-1030.
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An evolutionary algorithm, the estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA), is used to reconstruct the objects that buried in planar layered media. It is essential that fast forward solvers be used to solve the forward scattering problem for the nonlinear inverse scattering methods, since it can avoid errors by approximation. The EDA is a predominant all-round optimizing method in the macroscopic simulation of evolution process species of nature. Recent studies have shown that the EDA provides better solution for nonlinear problems than the microscopic evolutionary algorithm, such as genetic algorithm (GA) in some cases. The EDA is simpler, both computationally and theoretically, than the GA. We discuss how this can be used to calculate the permittivity and conductivity of the targets. We show preliminary results indicating the potential of reconstruction for buried objects. Compared with other methods, the experiment result shows that the EDA algorithm reduces the number of iteration.
Chen, X, Lei, G, Yang, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2012, 'Using Improved Domain Decomposition Method and Radial Basis Functions to Determine Electromagnetic Fields Near Material Interfaces', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 199-202.
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This paper presents a novel approach for solving problems of electromagnetic fields near material interfaces. This novel approach is based on combination of radial basis functions (RBF) and improved domain decomposition (DD) method. We discuss three radi
Chen, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y, Zhou, W, Knight, DA, Yisgedu, TB, Huang, Z, Lingam, HK, Billet, B, Udovic, TJ, Brown, GM, Shore, SG, Wolverton, C & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'Structure determination of an amorphous compound AlB4H11', Chemical Science, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 3183-3183.
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Cortie, MB, Liu, F, Arnold, MD & Niidome, Y 2012, 'Multimode Resonances in Silver Nanocuboids', LANGMUIR, vol. 28, no. 24, pp. 9103-9112.
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A rich variety of dipolar and higher order plasmon resonances have been predicted for nanoscale cubes and parallopipeds of silver, in contrast to the simple dipolar modes found on silver nanospheres or nanorods. However, in general, these multimode reson
Cox, RP, Higginbotham, HF, Graystone, BA, Sandanayake, S, Langford, SJ & Bell, TDM 2012, 'A new fluorescent H+ sensor based on core-substituted naphthalene diimide', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 521, pp. 59-63.
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Davis, J, Short, K, Lumpkin, G, Whittle, K, Wuhrer, R & Phillips, MR 2012, 'EBSD Studies of Ion Implanted Duplex Stainless Steel', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 18, no. S2, pp. 1346-1347.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Demers, H, Poirier-Demers, N, Phillips, MR, de Jonge, N & Drouin, D 2012, 'Three-Dimensional Electron Energy Deposition Modeling of Cathodoluminescence Emission near Threading Dislocations in GaN and Electron-Beam Lithography Exposure Parameters for a PMMA Resist', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1220-1228.
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The Monte Carlo software CASINO has been expanded with new modules for the simulation of complex beam scanning patterns, for the simulation of cathodoluminescence (CL), and for the calculation of electron energy deposition in subregions of a three-dimensional (3D) volume. Two examples are presented of the application of these new capabilities of CASINO. First, the CL emission near threading dislocations in gallium nitride (GaN) was modeled. The CL emission simulation of threading dislocations in GaN demonstrated that a better signal-to-noise ratio was obtained with lower incident electron energy than with higher energy. Second, the capability to simulate the distribution of the deposited energy in 3D was used to determine exposure parameters for polymethylmethacrylate resist using electron-beam lithography (EBL). The energy deposition dose in the resist was compared for two different multibeam EBL schemes by changing the incident electron energy. © 2012 Microscopy Society of America.
Edgar, JA, McDonagh, AM & Cortie, MB 2012, 'Formation of Gold Nanorods by a Stochastic 'Popcorn' Mechanism', ACS NANO, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1116-1125.
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Gold nanorods have significant technological potential and are of broad interest to the nanotechnology community. The discovery of the seeded, wet-chemical synthetic process to produce them may be regarded as a landmark in the control of metal nanoparticle shape. However, the mechanism by which the initial spherical gold seeds acquire anisotropy is a critical, yet poorly understood, factor. Here we examine the very early stages of rod growth using a combination of techniques including cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and computational modeling. Reconciliation of the available experimental observations can only be achieved by invoking a stochastic, 'popcorn'-like mechanism of growth, in which individual seeds lie quiescent for some time before suddenly and rapidly growing into rods. This is quite different from the steady, concurrent growth of nanorods that has been previously generally assumed. Furthermore we propose that the shape is controlled by the ratio of surface energy of rod sides to rod ends, with values of this quantity in the range of 0.3-0.8 indicated for typical growth solutions. © 2012 American Chemical Society.
Fu, H, Jiang, X, Yang, X, Yu, A, Su, D & Wang, G 2012, 'Glycothermal synthesis of assembled vanadium oxide nanostructures for gas sensing', Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1-14.
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This study demonstrates a facile but effective glycothermal method to synthesize vanadium oxide nanostructures for gas sensing detection. In this method, sodium orthovanadate was first dispersed and heated in ethylene glycol at 120-180 °C for a few hours, and then the precipitates were collected, rinsed, and sintered at high temperatures (e.g., 600°C) for V 2O 5 in air and V 2O 3 in nitrogen, respectively. The as-prepared vanadium oxide particles are nanorods (200 nm × 1 μm) and can assemble into microspheres or urchin-like structures with a diameter of ~3 μm. The experimental parameters (temperature, time, and surfactants) and the formation mechanisms were investigated by various advanced techniques, such as transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Finally, the V 2O 5 nanoparticles were tested for sensing detection of gas species of acetone, isopropanol, and ammonia. The microurchin structures show higher sensing performance than the nanorods. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Fu, WN, Ho, SL, Niu, S & Zhu, J 2012, 'Comparison Study of Finite Element Methods to Deal With Floating Conductors in Electric Field', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 351-354.
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In transient magnetic field computation, it is highly desirable if the stray capacitances among all conductors can be computed and their effects addressed conveniently. Because of the existence of floating conductors, the general finite element (FE) solv
Gallagher, R, Shimmon, R & McDonagh, AM 2012, 'Synthesis and impurity profiling of MDMA prepared from commonly available starting materials', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, vol. 223, no. 1-3, pp. 306-313.
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This work examines the synthesis of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) from common starting materials that may be utilised by clandestine laboratory operators. Piperonal was prepared from two common starting materials, piperine (from pepper) and vanillin (a common flavouring). Piperine was converted to piperonal by ozonolysis and oxidative cleavage with potassium permanganate and tetrahydrofuran. Vanillin was converted to piperonal by demethylation with pyridine and aluminium chloride followed by methylenation with dichloromethane. The resulting piperonal samples were converted via a commonly encountered route to MDMA. The impurities that indicate a particular route were identified and the feasibility of each method was also assessed. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lin, Z & Li, Y 2012, 'Core Loss Calculation for Soft Magnetic Composite Electrical Machines', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 3112-3115.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are especially suitable for developing electrical machines with complex structure and three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux path. In these SMC machines, the magnetic field is in general 3-D and rotational, so the mechanism and calculation of core loss may be quite different from that in traditional electrical machines with laminated steels in which the magnetic field is restrained. This paper investigates the calculation of core loss in a permanent magnet claw pole motor with SMC stator core. First, core loss models are developed based on the experimental data on SMC samples by using a 3-D magnetic property tester. Then, 3-D magnetic time-stepping field finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to find the flux density locus in each element when the rotor rotates. The core loss is computed based on the magnetic field FEA results by using the developed core loss models. The calculations agree well with the experimental measurements on the SMC motor prototype.
Hemtasin, C, Ung, AT, Kanokmedhakul, S, Kanokmedhakul, K, Bishop, R, Satraruji, T & Bishop, D 2012, 'ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkaloid‐Like Compounds via the Bridging Ritter Reaction.', ChemInform, vol. 43, no. 40, pp. no-no.
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Abstract10 Alkaloid‐like compounds are prepared using alcohol (I) as starting product.
Hemtasin, C, Ung, AT, Kanokmedhakul, S, Kanokmedhakul, K, Bishop, R, Satraruji, T & Bishop, D 2012, 'Synthesis of alkaloid-like compounds via the bridging Ritter reaction', MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE, vol. 143, no. 6, pp. 955-963.
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Alkaloid-like compounds containing a benzo[c]azepine core structure were successfully prepared in three steps from H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ol via the bridging Ritter reaction. Biological studies of these compounds revealed that some of them are AChE inhibitors and antimalarial agents.
Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Mesh-Insensitive Methodology for Magnetic Force Computation in Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 287-290.
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A novel mesh-insensitive methodology for magnetic force computation is presented. The force value is obtained by integration on several layers of mesh elements around the objects on which the force needs to be computed. The number of layers can be automa
Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Power-Balanced Time-Stepping Finite Element Method for Transient Magnetic Field Computation', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 291-294.
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Conventional transient finite-element methods (FEM) of magnetic field and electric circuit coupled problems often result in unbalanced power computation. In the worst case, the output power may be even miscomputed to be larger than the input power which
Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Sensitivity Analysis Method for Equivalent Parameter Extraction of Transient Magnetic Field With Internal Circuits', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 295-298.
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A sensitivity analysis method for the equivalent parameter extraction of transient magnetic field problems with internally coupled circuits is presented. In contrast to conventional methods using physical meaning and physical relationships for parameter
Huang, Y, Dong, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Core Loss Modeling for Permanent-Magnet Motor Based on Flux Variation Locus and Finite-Element Method', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1023-1026.
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Core-loss prediction is an important issue in design and analysis of permanent-magnet (PM) motors. Because of the diverse structure, flux distribution, and rotational variation of flux, it is difficult to predict the core loss in a machine exactly. In th
Huang, Z & Autrey, T 2012, 'Boron–nitrogen–hydrogen (BNH) compounds: recent developments in hydrogen storage, applications in hydrogenation and catalysis, and new syntheses', Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 9257-9257.
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Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 2012, '11-kV Series-Connected H-Bridge Multilevel Converter for Direct Grid Connection of Renewable Energy Systems', Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 70-78.
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Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by consumers, it is difficult to operate a power system installed with only one type of renewable energy resource. Grid-based renewable generation may be the only solution to overcome this problem. The conventional approach based on a low-voltage converter with power frequency transformer is commonly employed for grid connection of offshore renewable energy systems. Because of the heavy weight and large size of the transformer, the system can be expensive and complex in terms of installation and maintenance. In this paper, an 11-kV series connected H-bridge (SCHB) multilevel voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed to achieve a compact and light direct grid connection of renewable energy systems. This paper presents the design, simulation and analysis of a five level (5L)-SCHB and an eleven level (11L)-SCHB VSC for 11-kV grid-based renewable energy systems. The performance, cost, modulation scheme and harmonic spectra of the converter are analyzed
Jia, H, Schmid, B, Liu, S, Jaggi, M, Monbaron, P, Bhosale, SV, Rivadehi, S, Langford, SJ, Sanguinet, L, Levillain, E, El‐Khouly, ME, Morita, Y, Fukuzumi, S & Decurtins, S 2012, 'Tetrathiafulvalene‐Fused Porphyrins via Quinoxaline Linkers: Symmetric and Asymmetric Donor–Acceptor Systems', ChemPhysChem, vol. 13, no. 14, pp. 3370-3382.
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AbstractA tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor is annulated to porphyrins (P) via quinoxaline linkers to form novel symmetric P–TTF–P triads 1 a–c and asymmetric P–TTF dyads 2 a,b in good yields. These planar and extended π‐conjugated molecules absorb light over a wide region of the UV/Vis spectrum as a result of additional charge‐transfer excitations within the donor–acceptor assemblies. Quantum‐chemical calculations elucidate the nature of the electronically excited states. The compounds are electrochemically amphoteric and primarily exhibit low oxidation potentials. Cyclic voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical studies allow differentiation between the TTF and porphyrin sites with respect to the multiple redox processes occurring within these molecular assemblies. Transient absorption measurements give insight into the excited‐state events and deliver corresponding kinetic data. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra in benzonitrile may suggest the occurrence of fast charge separation from TTF to porphyrin in dyads 2 a,b but not in triads 1 a–c. Clear evidence for a photoinduced and relatively long lived charge‐separated state (385 ps lifetime) is obtained for a supramolecular coordination compound built from the ZnP–TTF dyad and a pyridine‐functionalized C60 acceptor unit. This specific excited state results in a (ZnP–TTF)⋅+⋅⋅⋅(C60py)⋅− state. The binding constant of ZnII⋅⋅⋅py is evaluated by constructing a Benesi–Hildebrand plot based on fluorescence data. This plot yields a binding constant K of 7.20×104 M−1
Jian Xun Jin, Lu Hai Zheng, You Guang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, Grantham, C, Sorrell, CC & Wei Xu 2012, 'High-Temperature Superconducting Linear Synchronous Motors Integrated With HTS Magnetic Levitation Components', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 5202617-5202617.
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High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) including HTS bulks and tapes have potential applications in linear motion drive and magnetic levitation/suspension systems generating substantial advantages over conventional ones. When an HTS linear motor is inte
Kajer, T, Hawkins, CL, Fu, S, Graham, GG & Davies, MJ 2012, 'Myeloperoxidase is inhibited by commonly used phenolic compounds', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 53, pp. S89-S90.
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Langford, SJ, Latter, MJ, Wilman, BE & Bhosale, SV 2012, 'Biologically Derived Supramolecular Materials'.
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Abstract Inspired by nature and its ability to form well‐defined architectures on the nanoscale, this chapter investigates not only examples of hybrid nanostructured materials that utilize the building blocks of nature, such as DNA, biopolymers, and bilayers, but also of biomimicry.
Lei, G, Chen, XM, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Xu, W & Shao, KR 2012, 'Multiobjective Sequential Optimization Method for the Design of Industrial Electromagnetic Devices', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 4538-4541.
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A multiobjective sequential optimization method (MSOM) is presented to deal with practical design problems of industrial electromagnetic devices. MSOM consists of a sequential optimization strategy of multiobjective optimization model and a modified central composite design (CCD) sampling method. To improve the optimization efficiency, Kriging model is employed to construct the approximate multiobjective optimization models. Then a modified CCD sampling method is presented to update the sample sets with the obtained Pareto optimal points and Kriging models. Thereafter, by investigating a test function and a three-dimensional permanent magnet transverse flux machine, it can be found that the proposed method is efficient, and the computation cost of finite element analysis can be saved remarkably.
Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Chen, XM, Xu, W & Shao, KR 2012, 'Sequential Subspace Optimization Method for Electromagnetic Devices Design With Orthogonal Design Technique', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 479-482.
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We present two new sequential optimization strategies, a sequential subspace optimization method (SSOM) and an improved sequential optimization method (SOM) with orthogonal experimental design technique, to deal with optimization design problems of elect
Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Wang, TS, Chen, XM & Shao, KR 2012, 'System Level Six Sigma Robust Optimization of a Drive System With PM Transverse Flux Machine', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 923-926.
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From our previous study, permanent magnet (PM) transverse flux machine with soft magnetic composite material core is very promising. However, from the point of view of engineering application, at least two more aspects have to be considered. First, not o
Li, K, Wang, B, Su, D, Park, J, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'Enhance electrochemical performance of lithium sulfur battery through a solution-based processing technique', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 202, pp. 389-393.
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Sulfur/carbon nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by a solution-based processing technique using dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of sulfur/carbon nanocomposites were tested by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. When applied as the cathode material in lithium sulfur batteries, the as-prepared sulfur/carbon nanocomposites exhibited a high reversible capacity of 1220 mAh g -1 in the first cycle and maintained a satisfactory cyclability. This drastic improvement of specific capacity and cycling performance could be attributed to the reduced particle size of sulfur and the homogeneous distribution of sulfur nanoparticles on a carbon matrix, resulting from this novel solution-based processing technique. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Li, Y, Yang, Q, An, J, Zhao, Z & Zhu, J 2012, 'Three dimensional magnetic properties measurement of soft magnetic composite materials', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 160-165.
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It is difficult for conventional one dimensional (1D) and 2D testing methods to analyze the magnetic properties of the magnetic materials comprehensively. A novel 3D magnetic properties testing method is studied in this paper, which can help to understand the magnetization process and analyze the core loss accurately. A 3D magnetic property tester was designed and 3D rotational magnetic properties measurement of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under rotational excitations were carried out. Calibration and compensation of the novel B-H sensing coils and accurate calculation of the B and H vectors were also analyzed in detail. According to the experimental results, 3D magnetic hysteresis properties and core loss features are analyzed and discussed.
Li, Y, Yang, Q, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Magnetic Properties Measurement of Soft Magnetic Composite Materials Over Wide Range of Excitation Frequency', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 88-97.
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Accurate measurements of magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material are performed on an improved 3-D tester by means of novel precision B-H sensing coils attached to the surface of a cubic SMC specimen. By controlling the adjustable ex
Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Johansen, TH, Shi, X & Choi, KY 2012, 'Flux distribution in Fe-based superconducting materials by magneto-optical imaging', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 07E143-07E143.
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This paper presents the magnetic flux distributions in Fe-based superconducting materials including single crystal of Ba(Fe1.9Ni0.1)As2 and Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2, as well as polycrystalline SmFeO0.75F0.2As by means of magneto-optical imaging (MOI) technique. The single crystals were grown out of FeAs flux while polycrystalline sample was grown by hot-press. A MOI film with in-plan magnetization was used to visualize flux distributions at the sample surface. A series of magneto-optical images was taken when the samples were zero-field cooled and field cooled. The flux behavior, including penetration into and expelling from the samples, as well as pinning properties were studied. When external fields increase, flux is completely shielded from the crystals, then, gradually penetrates toward the crystal center from the edge. For polycrystalline sample, Meissner state was observed at very low field. With increasing the field further, flux penetrates into the sample easily along grain boundary, then into grain. Compared with high-Tc cuprates, it is found that the flux distributions in Fe-based superconducting materials are very similar to that in high-Tc cuprates with strong pinning strength.
Liu, H, Du, X, Xing, X, Wang, G & Qiao, SZ 2012, 'Highly ordered mesoporous Cr2O3 materials with enhanced performance for gas sensors and lithium ion batteries', CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 865-867.
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Highly ordered mesoporous Cr 2O 3 materials with high specific surface area and narrow pore size distribution were successfully prepared by a vacuum assisted impregnation method. Both 2-dimensional hexagonal and 3-dimensional cubic Cr 2O 3 mesoporous replicas from SBA-15 and KIT-6 templates exhibit enhanced performance for gas sensors and lithium ion batteries, compared to the bulk Cr 2O 3 counterpart.
Liu, H, Su, D, Wang, G & Qiao, SZ 2012, 'An ordered mesoporous WS2 anode material with superior electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, vol. 22, no. 34, pp. 17437-17440.
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Ordered mesoporous tungsten sulfide (WS 2) with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized by a vacuum assisted impregnation route. The as-prepared mesoporous WS 2 exhibited a high lithium storage capacity of 805 mA h g -1 at a current of 0.1 A g -1 and an excellent high rate capability. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Liu, H, Su, D, Zhou, R, Sun, B, Wang, G & Qiao, SZ 2012, 'Highly Ordered Mesoporous MoS2 with Expanded Spacing of the (002) Crystal Plane for Ultrafast Lithium Ion Storage', ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 970-975.
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Highly ordered mesoporous MoS 2 with a high surface area and narrow pore-size distribution is synthesized by a vacuum assisted impregnation route. The mesoporous MoS 2 demonstrates an expanded d 002 spacing of 0.66 nm. The mesoporous MoS 2 electrode achieves an excellent high rate capacity of 608 mAh g -1 at the discharge current of 10 A g -1 (-15C), which places MoS 2 as a viable next generation high power source for electric vehicles. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Lobo, CJ, Martin, A, Phillips, MR & Toth, M 2012, 'Electron beam induced chemical dry etching and imaging in gaseous NH3 environments', NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 37, pp. 375302-375302.
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We report the use of ammonia (NH 3) vapor as a new precursor for nanoscale electron beam induced etching (EBIE) of carbon, and an efficient imaging medium for environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Etching is demonstrated using amorphous carbonaceous nanowires grown by electron beam induced deposition (EBID). It is ascribed to carbon volatilization by hydrogen radicals generated by electron dissociation of NH 3 adsorbates. The volatilization process is also effective at preventing the buildup of residual hydrocarbon impurities that often compromise EBIE, EBID and electron imaging. We also show that ammonia is a more efficient electron imaging medium than H 2O, which up to now has been the most commonly used ESEM imaging gas. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Lucey, T, Wuhrer, R, Cortie, M, Moran, K & Huggett, P 2012, 'Microstructural analysis of the interfacial development of white iron/steel composites.', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 18, no. S2, pp. 1670-1671.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Lucey, T, Wuhrer, R, Moran, K, Reid, M, Huggett, P & Cortie, M 2012, 'Interfacial reactions in white iron/steel composites', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY, vol. 212, no. 11, pp. 2349-2357.
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The interfacial phenomena occurring when a white iron of low melting point is cast onto a steel substrate are considered. Such layered composites offer the prospect of combining the toughness of steel and the wear-resistance of a white cast iron into a s
Luong, S, Shimmon, R, Hook, J & Fu, S 2012, '2-Nitro-6-monoacetylmorphine: potential marker for monitoring the presence of 6-monoacetylmorphine in urine adulterated with potassium nitrite', ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 403, no. 7, pp. 2057-2063.
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6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), being a unique metabolite of heroin, is routinely tested in urine samples to monitor heroin use. However, detection of 6-MAM-related opiates such as morphine is known to be affected by in vitro urine adulteration using oxidi
Ma, R, Shimmon, R, McDonagh, A, Maynard, P, Lennard, C & Roux, C 2012, 'Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using YVO4:Er,Yb luminescent upconverting particles', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, vol. 217, no. 1-3, pp. E23-E26.
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This article describes the use of an anti-Stokes luminescent material (upconverter), yttrium vanadate doped with ytterbium and erbium (YVO 4:Er,Yb), for the development of latent fingermarks on a range of non-porous surfaces. Anti-Stokes luminescent materials emit light at shorter wavelengths than the excitation wavelength. This property is unusual in both natural and artificial materials commonly found as exhibits in forensic science casework. As a result, fingermark detection techniques based on anti-Stokes luminescence are potentially extremely sensitive and selective.Latent fingermarks on non-luminescent and inherently luminescent substrates, including Australian polymer banknotes (a well-known 'difficult' surface), were developed with YVO 4:Er,Yb by dry powder and wet powder techniques. The effectiveness of YVO 4:Er,Yb for fingermark detection was compared with that of cyanoacrylate fuming and of sodium yttrium tetrafluoride doped with ytterbium and erbium (NaYF 4:Er,Yb). The results illustrate some benefit of luminescent up-converting phosphors over traditional luminescence techniques for the detection of latent fingermarks. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Mahamedi, B & Zhu, JG 2012, 'A Novel Approach to Detect Symmetrical Faults Occurring During Power Swings by Using Frequency Components of Instantaneous Three-Phase Active Power', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1368-1376.
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Since distance relays are prone to interpret a power swing as a three-phase fault, they should be blocked during the power swing to prevent undesired trips. On the other hand, if any fault occurs during a power swing, they should be fast and reliably unb
Moezzi, A, McDonagh, AM & Cortie, MB 2012, 'Zinc oxide particles: Synthesis, properties and applications', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 185, pp. 1-22.
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Zinc oxide powder has traditionally been used as a white pigment and as an additive to rubber. While it has largely been displaced as a pigment in paints, its usage in rubber remains very important. However, the myriad of other practical uses of ZnO are sometimes overlooked, and reviews in the recent scientific literature tend to emphasize high technology applications that do not yet have any commercial reality. Similarly, while some of the low-volume processes used to manufacture ZnO nanostructures have been well covered in the literature, there has been far less reported on the tonnage chemical engineering processes by which most ZnO is actually made. The multiplicity of processes by which ZnO can be produced is a potential source of confusion, however, the process used has a large influence on the properties of the oxide, and hence on its suitability for various applications. Here we provide a contemporary review and analysis of the manufacture of ZnO, and its properties, applications, and future prospects. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Mokhadinyana, M, Desset, SL, Williams, DBG & Cole‐Hamilton, DJ 2012, 'Cooperative Ligand Effects in Phase‐Switching Homogeneous Catalysts', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1648-1652.
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It takes two: Xantphos ligands that contain amidate groups are selective for the linear versus the branched-chain products in the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene. However, the catalyst only undergoes CO 2-mediated phase switching in the presence of amidine-substituted triphenylphosphine (see scheme). Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Molnar, A, Lewis, J, Doble, P, Hansen, G, Prolov, T & Fu, S 2012, 'A rapid and sensitive method for the identification of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, vol. 215, no. 1-3, pp. 92-96.
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A fast and sensitive method was developed for detecting delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method is suitable for samples of small volume and low concentration. For method development and validation, neat oral fluid (200μL) spiked with THC and d 3-THC (internal standard) was extracted via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The LLE method had an extraction efficiency of 75% with no significant matrix effects observed in either diluted or neat oral fluid samples. LC was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 Rapid Resolution HT column (2.1mm×50mm, 1.8μm particle size) with positive electrospray ionisation and selected reaction monitoring. The total run time was an efficient 3.5min in isocratic elution mode. The limit of quantification was 1ng/mL and the analysis was linear over the range of 1-500ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The imprecision (RSD) of the method was 13% and inaccuracy (MRE) was 4%. The method was subsequently applied to two neat oral fluid samples taken from a chronic cannabis smoker. It was also applied to buffer diluted residual oral fluid samples (n=48) collected using the Cozart RapiScan ® system through the Roadside Drug Testing Program (RDTP) in NSW, Australia. A stability study was performed that revealed freezing or refrigerating resulted in comparable decreases in THC recovery from neat oral fluid at the end of two weeks of storage. Storage at room temperature even for one day invoked significant losses and is not recommended. © 2011.
Mondal, AK, Wang, B, Su, D, Wang, Y, Zhang, X & Wang, G 2012, 'Preparation and Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of MnO2 Nanosheets for Supercapacitors', Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 1275-1279.
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AbstractMnO2 nanosheets have been synthesized by using a redox reaction of manganese nitrate tetrahydrate and potassium permanganate without any surfactants. The morphology and microstructure of the as‐prepared material were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical performances as electrode materials for supercapacitor were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge‐discharge in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. It was found that MnO2 nanosheets showed an excellent capacitive behaviour with good cycling stability. The specific capacitance of the MnO2 nanosheet electrode can reach up to 332.8 Fg−1 at a current density of 500 mA/g and a stable cycling performance.
Mulholland, AR, Thordarson, P, Mensforth, EJ & Langford, SJ 2012, 'Porphyrin dyads linked by a rotatable 3,3′-biphenyl scaffold: a new binding motif for small ditopic molecules', Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, vol. 10, no. 30, pp. 6045-6045.
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Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Convenient Mesh Rotation Method of Finite Element Analysis Using Sub-Matrix Transformation Approach', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 303-306.
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This paper presents a novel sub-matrix transformation method on mesh rotation problems in the finite element analysis (FEA) of electric machines. This proposed approach is simple, convenient and readily implementable. For each rotor position, only the tr
Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'Eddy Current Reduction in High-Speed Machines and Eddy Current Loss Analysis With Multislice Time-Stepping Finite-Element Method', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1007-1010.
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The significance of eddy-current in high-speed permanent magnet machines cannot be underestimated in that it has serious implications on the machine's efficiency or even demagnetizes the PMs because of an overheating problem. It is necessary to accuratel
Palee, J, Dheeranupa, S, Jatisatien, A, Wangkarn, S, Mungkornas, P, Pyne, S, Ung, A & Sastraruji, T 2012, 'Influence of Plantlet Age and Different Soilless Culture on Acclimatization of Stemona curtisii Hook.f.', Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 294-299.
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The aim of this experiment was to study the optimal age of Stemona curtisii plantlets for acclimatization. The in vitro shoots of S. curtisii were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid to induce roots. Then, the plantlets from in vitro culture of 4, 8 and 12 week-old were transferred into the soil and their survival rate during the acclimatization process in the greenhouse was investigated. It was found that the 8 week-old plantlets had the highest survival rate of 80%. However, to enhance the survival rate of these plantlets, a soilless culture technique as a possible approach for the acclimatization was considered. Eight week-old plantlets were transferred into either, soil, a hydroponic system (nutrient film technique), coconut fiber or sand. The plantlets which were cultivated in coconut fiber or hydroponic culture showed 100% survival rate with the highest average number of new roots per plant. However, the mean root length of the plantlets grown in hydroponic system was significantly higher than that grown in coconut fiber.
Phillips, MR 2012, 'Stability Of InGaN/GaN MQW Luminescence Under Prolonged High Current Injection', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 18, no. S2, pp. 1876-1877.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Porkovich, AJ, Arnold, MD, Kouzmina, G, Hingley, B & Cortie, MB 2012, 'Calorimetric Sensor for H2O2/H2O Mist Streams', IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 2392-2398.
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Mist streams comprised of H 2O 2/H 2O droplets are a recent innovation for disinfecting medical equipment, but the availability of a sensor that could monitor the concentration of H 2O 2 applied during the treatment would be desirable. Here we describe a means to obtain a rapid estimation of H 2O 2 concentration in this environment. The proposed sensor is based on a platinum resistance thermometer coated with a layer of MnO 2 catalyst. It may be calibrated to operate either during the mist delivery step of a disinfection cycle, or during the evacuation (drying) phase. Cooling of the sensor surface due to evaporation of H 2O} and effervescence of decomposing H 2O 2 operates against heat generated by the decomposition reaction to produce a well-defined minimum in the temperature. The time and temperature at which this minimum occurs are well correlated, with the H 2O 2 content of the solution used to produce the mist droplets. © 2012 IEEE.
Ranjbartoreh, AR, Su, D & Wang, G 2012, 'Consideration of Critical Axial Properties of Pristine and Defected Carbon Nanotubes Under Compression', JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 5025-5029.
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Carbon nanotubes are hexagonally configured carbon atoms in cylindrical structures. Exceptionally igh mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, surface area, thermal stability and optical transparency of carbon nanotubes outperformed other known materials in numerous advanced applications. However, their mechanical behaviors under practical loading conditions remain to be demonstrated. This study investigates the critical axial properties of pristine and defected single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes under axial compression. Molecular dynamics simulation method has been employed to consider the destructive effects of Stone-Wales and atom vacancy defects on mechanical properties of armchair and zigzag carbon nanotubes under compressive loading condition. Armchair carbon nanotube shows higher axial stability than zigzag type. Increase in wall number leads to less susceptibility of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to defects and higher stability of them under axial compression. Atom vacancy defect reveals higher destructive effect than Stone-Wales defect on mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes. Critical axial strain of single-walled arbon nanotube declines by 67% and 26% due to atom vacancy and Stone-Wales defects. Copyright © 2012 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Roczen, M, Schade, M, Malguth, E, Callsen, G, Barthel, T, Gref, O, Toefflinger, JA, Schoepke, A, Schmidt, M, Leipner, HS, Ruske, F, Phillips, MR, Hoffmann, A, Korte, L & Rech, B 2012, 'Structural investigations of silicon nanostructures grown by self-organized island formation for photovoltaic applications', APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 719-726.
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The self-organized growth of crystalline silicon nanodots and their structural characteristics are investigated. For the nanodot synthesis, thin amorphous silicon (a-Si) layers with different thicknesses have been deposited onto the ultrathin (2 nm) oxidized (111) surface of Si wafers by electron beam evaporation under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The solid phase crystallization of the initial layer is induced by a subsequent in situ annealing step at 700°C, which leads to the dewetting of the initial a-Si layer. This process results in the self-organized formation of highly crystalline Si nanodot islands. Scanning electron microscopy confirms that size, shape, and planar distribution of the nanodots depend on the thickness of the initial a-Si layer. Cross-sectional investigations reveal a single-crystalline structure of the nanodots. This characteristic is observed as long as the thickness of the initial a-Si layer remains under a certain threshold triggering coalescence. The underlying ultra-thin oxide is not structurally affected by the dewetting process. Furthermore, a method for the fabrication of close-packed stacks of nanodots is presented, in which each nanodot is covered by a 2 nm thick SiO 2 shell. The chemical composition of these ensembles exhibits an abrupt Si/SiO 2 interface with a low amount of suboxides. A minority charge carrier lifetime of 18 μs inside of the nanodots is determined. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Sastraruji, K, Sastraruji, T, Ung, AT, Griffith, R, Jatisatienr, A & Pyne, SG 2012, 'Synthesis of stemofoline analogues as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors', TETRAHEDRON, vol. 68, no. 35, pp. 7103-7115.
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Thirty-two new stemofoline analogues were prepared from didehydrostemofoline for studies as AChE inhibitors. C-3 Side-chain modified amino, carbamate, triazole and oxazole stemofoline derivatives were prepared. In general the amine derivatives were found to be stronger inhibitors of AChE than their alcohol analogues that we previously reported. Compounds 5 and 26, with small C-3 side-chain substituents, were two of the most active inhibitors. Preliminary molecular docking studies suggested that these compounds may inhibit AChE by binding horizontally along the passage of the active-site gorge and block access to acetylcholine.
Sastraruji, T, Pyne, SG & Ung, AT 2012, 'Oxidation of acyclic alkenes and allyl and benzyl ethers with DIB/t-BuOOH/Mg(OAc)(2)', TETRAHEDRON, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 598-602.
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Oxidation of (11Z)-1',2'-didehydrostemofoline with DIB/TBHP/Mg(OAc)(2)center dot 4H(2)O resulted in oxidative cleavage of the C-11-C-12 double bond instead of the desired allylic oxidation of the 1-butenyl side chain. Stemofoline gave a similar result. The oxidation of more simple terminal alkenes was regioselective and gave vinyl ketones while allyl and benzyl ethers gave acrylate and benzoate esters, respectively. Allyl and benzyl ethers could be chemoselectively oxidized in the presence of a terminal alkene or benzyl group. Oxidation of an internal alkene was poorly regioselective, in contrast to the oxidation of 1-substituted cyclohexenes.
Stokes, N, Cortie, MB, Davis, TJ & McDonagh, AM 2012, 'Plasmon Resonances in V-Shaped Gold Nanostructures', PLASMONICS, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 235-243.
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Using numerical simulations, we examine the change in plasmon resonance behavior in gold nanorod structures that have a V shape. The reduction in symmetry compared to linear rods causes two different longitudinal-type resonances to appear in a single structure, and the relative intensity and hybridization of these can be controlled by varying the angle of the arms of the 'V.' The resonances may also be selectively excited by controlling the polarization of the incident light, thereby providing a convenient way to control a nanoscale optical electric field using far-field parameters. For example, the wavelength at which a strong resonance occurs in the V-shaped structures studied can be switched between 630 and 900 nm by a 90° rotation of the polarization of the incident light. Due to the symmetry of the targets, there will be three types of special near-field location; a location at which the electric field intensity is enhanced by either resonance, a location at which the electric field intensity is enhanced by the 630 nm resonance but not by the 890 nm resonance, and a location at which the electric field intensity is enhanced by the 890 nm resonance but not by the 630 nm one. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Su, D, Ford, M & Wang, G 2012, 'Mesoporous NiO crystals with dominantly exposed {110} reactive facets for ultrafast lithium storage', Scientific Reports, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 924.
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Faceted crystals with exposed highly reactive planes have attracted intensive investigations for applications such as hydrogen production, enhanced catalytic activity, and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Herein, we report the synthesis of mesoporous NiO crystals with dominantly exposed {110} reactive facets by the thermal conversion of hexagonal Ni(OH)2 nanoplatelets. When applied as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, mesoporous NiO crystals exhibit a high reversible lithium storage capacity of 700 mAh g-1 at 1 C rate in 100 cycles and an excellent cyclability. In particular, the dominantly exposed {110} reactive facets and mesoporous nanostructure of NiO crystals lead to ultrafast lithium storage, which mimics the high power delivery of supercapacitors.
Su, D, Horvat, J, Munroe, P, Ahn, H, Ranjbartoreh, AR & Wang, G 2012, 'ChemInform Abstract: Polyhedral Magnetite Nanocrystals with Multiple Facets: Facile Synthesis, Structural Modelling, Magnetic Properties and Application for High Capacity Lithium Storage.', ChemInform, vol. 43, no. 16, pp. no-no.
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AbstractPolyhedral Fe3O4 nanocrystals with multiple facets are hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of FeSO4, Fe(NO3)3, and LiOH (autoclave, 180 °C, 2 h).
Su, D, Horvat, J, Munroe, P, Ahn, H, Ranjbartoreh, AR & Wang, G 2012, 'Polyhedral Magnetite Nanocrystals with Multiple Facets: Facile Synthesis, Structural Modelling, Magnetic Properties and Application for High Capacity Lithium Storage', Chemistry – A European Journal, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 488-497.
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AbstractPolyhedral magnetite nanocrystals with multiple facets were synthesised by a low temperature hydrothermal method. Atomistic simulation and calculations on surface attachment energy successfully predicted the polyhedral structure of magnetite nanocrystals with multiple facets. X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission microscopy confirmed the crystal structure of magnetite, which is consistent with the theoretical modelling. The magnetic property measurements show the superspin glass state of the polyhedral nanocrystals, which could originate from the nanometer size of individual single crystals. When applied as an anode material in lithium ion cells, magnetite nanocrystals demonstrated an outstanding electrochemical performance with a high lithium storage capacity, a satisfactory cyclability, and an excellent high rate capacity.
Su, D, Kim, H, Kim, W & Wang, G 2012, 'ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Nickel Oxide Nanowires: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Applications for Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors with Superior Performance.', ChemInform, vol. 43, no. 38, pp. no-no.
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AbstractMesoporous NiO nanowires are prepared from aqueous solutions containing NiCl2, K2C2O4, and ethylene glycol (autoclave, 220 °C, 12 h).
Su, D, Kim, H, Kim, W & Wang, G 2012, 'Mesoporous Nickel Oxide Nanowires: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications for Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors with Superior Performance', Chemistry – A European Journal, vol. 18, no. 26, pp. 8224-8229.
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AbstractMesoporous nickel oxide nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction and subsequent annealing at 400 °C. The porous one‐dimensional nanostructures were analysed by field‐emission SEM, high‐resolution TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements. When applied as the anode material in lithium‐ion batteries, the as‐prepared mesoporous nickel oxide nanowires demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance with high lithium storage capacity, satisfactory cyclability and an excellent rate capacity. They also exhibited a high specific capacitance of 348 F g−1 as electrodes in supercapacitors.
Su, D, Kim, H-S, Kim, W-S & Wang, G 2012, 'Synthesis of tuneable porous hematites (α-Fe2O3) for gas sensing and lithium storage in lithium ion batteries', Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 36-45.
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Tuneable porous α-Fe2O3 materials were prepared by using a selective etching method. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared porous hematites have been systematically characterised by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. We found that the pore size and pore volume can be controlled by adjusting the etching time during the synthesis process. The porous hematites have been applied for gas sensing and lithium storage in lithium ion cells. The porous α-Fe2O3 materials demonstrated a reversible lithium storage capacity of 1269 mAh/g. When used as a sensing material in gas sensors, porous α-Fe2O3 exhibited a superior sensitivity towards toxic and flammable gases. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Sun, B, Liu, H, Munroe, P, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'Nanocomposites of CoO and a mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) as a high performance cathode catalyst for lithium-oxygen batteries', NANO RESEARCH, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 460-469.
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A nanocomposite of CoO and a mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) has been studied as a cathode catalyst for lithium-oxygen batteries in alkyl carbonate electrolytes. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared nanocomposite were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the mesoporous CoO/CMK-3 nanocomposite as a cathode catalyst in lithium-oxygen batteries were studied using galvanostatic charge-discharge methods. The reaction products on the cathode were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The CoO/CMK-3 nanocomposite exhibited better capacity retention than bare mesoporous CMK-3 carbon, Super-P carbon or CoO/Super-P nanocomposite. The synergistic effects arising from the combination of CoO nanoparticles and the mesoporous carbon nanoarchitecture may be responsible for the optimum catalytic performance in lithium-oxygen batteries. © 2012 Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Sun, B, Wang, B, Su, D, Xiao, L, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'Graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts for lithium-air batteries with an enhanced electrochemical performance', CARBON, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 727-733.
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Graphene nanosheets have been investigated as cathode catalysts for lithium-air batteries with alkyl carbonate electrolyte. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy have confirmed the high quality of the as-prepared graphene nanosheets and the surface analysis has identified the mesoporous characteristic of graphene nanosheets. The electrochemical properties of graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts in lithium-air batteries were evaluated by a galvanostatic charge/discharge testing. The reaction products on the graphene nanosheets cathode were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The graphene nanosheet electrodes exhibited a much better cycling stability and lower overpotential than that of the Vulcan XC-72 carbon. This work demonstrated that graphene nanosheets could be an efficient catalyst for lithium-air batteries. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Teng, Q, Zhu, J, Wang, T & Lei, G 2012, 'Fault tolerant direct torque control of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors', WSEAS Transactions on Systems, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 465-476.
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The model of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with loss of one phase or loss of one transistor is built and its fault tolerant direct torque control (DTC) is investigated. Extra-leg extraswitch inverter is put to use in the post-fault operation. Two different flux estimators are employed in order to calculate stator flux linkage & their corresponding torque and switching table is kept the same as the case of DTC for the healthy motor. The parameters of PI controller and hysteresis controller are determined by differential evolution algorithm. Dynamic responses of both healthy and unhealthy PMSM DTC system adopting aforementioned two flux estimators are given to compare their performance via simulation and some discussion is presented. The simulation results show the proposed fault tolerant DTC yields satisfactory torque and speed control no matter which one of two flux estimators provided in the paper is employed.
Tian, H, Li, B, Zhu, J, Wang, H, Li, Y, Xu, J, Wang, J, Wang, W, Sun, Z, Liu, W, Huang, X, Yan, X, Wang, Q, Yao, X & Tang, Y 2012, 'Two selective fluorescent chemosensors for cadmium ions in 99% aqueous solution: the end group effect on the selectivity, DFT calculations and biological applications', Dalton Trans., vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 2060-2065.
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Ton-That, C, Foley, M, Phillips, MR, Tsuzuki, T & Smith, Z 2012, 'Correlation between the structural and optical properties of Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles', JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, vol. 522, pp. 114-117.
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The crystallographic and optical properties of Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by a sol-gel process have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence microanalysis. X-ray diffraction reveals that the nanoparticles have hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, with the lattice constants along the a- and c-axes increasing with increasing Mn concentration from 0 to 2.4 at%. For all Mn concentrations in this range, the nanoparticles are essentially free of native point defects so that they exhibit only band-edge luminescence. The optical bandgap and band-edge emission energies for Mn-doped ZnO were found to increase in proportion to the lattice constants. The direct correlation between the bandgap and crystal structure suggests that the band-edge optical properties of Mn-doped ZnO is predominantly influenced by the amount of Mn atoms substituting Zn on the lattice sites. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ton-That, C, Weston, L & Phillips, MR 2012, 'Characteristics of point defects in the green luminescence from Zn- and O-rich ZnO', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 1-5.
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Cathodoluminescence spectra have been measured to determine the characteristics of ubiquitous green luminescence (GL) in nonstoichiometric zinc oxide (ZnO). Zn- and O-rich ZnO were found to exhibit characteristic emissions at 2.53 eV [full width at half-maximum (FWHM) 340 meV] and 2.30 eV (FWHM 450 meV), respectively. Hydrogen was used to probe the physical nature of GL centers. The Zn-rich GL is enhanced upon H incorporation, whereas the O-rich GL is completely quenched as its underlying acceptor-like V Zn centers are passivated by H. The GL emission bands each exhibit remarkably different excitation-power dependencies. The Zn-rich GL follows a close to linear relationship with excitation power, while the O-rich GL exhibits a square-root dependence. Calculations based on bimolecular recombination equations show the defect concentration in Zn-rich ZnO is three orders of magnitude greater than that in O-rich ZnO, indicating V O is more readily formed than V Zn in thermochemical treatments of ZnO. © 2012 American Physical Society.
Wang, B, Li, K, Su, D, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'Superior Electrochemical Performance of Sulfur/Graphene Nanocomposite Material for High‐Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries', Chemistry – An Asian Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1637-1643.
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AbstractSulfur/graphene nanocomposite material has been prepared by incorporating sulfur into the graphene frameworks through a melting process. Field‐emission scanning electron microscope analysis shows a homogeneous distribution of sulfur in the graphene nanosheet matrix. The sulfur/graphene nanocomposite exhibits a super‐high lithium‐storage capacity of 1580 mAh g−1 and a satisfactory cycling performance in lithium–sulfur cells. The enhancement of the reversible capacity and cycle life could be attributed to the flexible graphene nanosheet matrix, which acts as a conducting medium and a physical buffer to cushion the volume change of sulfur during the lithiation and delithiation process. Graphene‐based nanocomposites can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Wang, B, Park, J, Su, D, Wang, C, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'Solvothermal synthesis of CoS2–graphene nanocomposite material for high-performance supercapacitors', Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 31, pp. 15750-15750.
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A CoS 2-graphene nanocomposite was prepared by a facile solvothermal method. FESEM and TEM analyses have confirmed that CoS 2 nanoparticles with sizes of 5-15 nm are densely anchored on graphene nanosheets. The as-prepared nanocomposite was electrochemically tested as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The CoS 2-graphene nanocomposite exhibited specific capacitances of 314 F g -1 in the aqueous electrolyte and 141 F g -1 in the organic electrolyte at a current rate of 0.5 A g -1 with excellent cycling stability. The electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite has been significantly improved, compared to bare graphene nanosheets and CoS 2 nanoparticles. This could be credited to the 3D nanoarchitecture, in which CoS 2 nanoparticles were sandwiched between graphene nanosheets, and the additional electrochemical contribution of the decorated CoS 2 nanoparticles. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Wang, B, Su, D, Park, J, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'Graphene-supported SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by a solvothermal approach for an enhanced electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries', Nanoscale Research Letters, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
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SnO2 nanoparticles were dispersed on graphene nanosheets through a solvothermal approach using ethylene glycol as the solvent. The uniform distribution of SnO2 nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The particle size of SnO2 was determined to be around 5 nm. The assynthesized SnO2/graphene nanocomposite exhibited an enhanced electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries, compared with bare graphene nanosheets and bare SnO2 nanoparticles. The SnO2/graphene nanocomposite electrode delivered a reversible lithium storage capacity of 830 mAh g-1 and a stable cyclability up to 100 cycles. The excellent electrochemical properties of this graphene-supported nanocomposite could be attributed to the insertion of nanoparticles between graphene nanolayers and the optimized nanoparticles distribution on graphene nanosheets. © 2012 Wang et al.
Wang, J, Wu, J, Chen, Y, Wang, H, Li, Y, Liu, W, Tian, H, Zhang, T, Xu, J & Tang, Y 2012, 'A small-molecular europium complex with anion sensing sensitivity', Dalton Transactions, vol. 41, no. 41, pp. 12936-12936.
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Wang, Y, Park, J, Sun, B, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'ChemInform Abstract: Wintersweet‐Flower‐Like CoFe2O4/MWCNTs Hybrid Material for High‐Capacity Reversible Lithium Storage.', ChemInform, vol. 43, no. 51, pp. no-no.
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AbstractCoFe2O4/multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid materials are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of FeCl3, CoCl2, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, ethylene glycol, diethylenetriamine, and KOH solution (autoclave, 180 °C, 10 h).
Wang, Y, Park, J, Sun, B, Ahn, H & Wang, G 2012, 'Wintersweet-Flower-Like CoFe2O4/MWCNTs Hybrid Material for High-Capacity Reversible Lithium Storage', CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1940-1946.
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CoFe 2O 4/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) hybrid materials were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the morphology of the as-prepared hybrid material resembling wintersweet flower 'buds on branches', in which CoFe 2O 4 nanoclusters, consisting of nanocrystals with a size of 5-10 nm, are anchored along carbon nanotubes. When applied as an anode material in lithium ion batteries, the CoFe 2O 4/MWCNTs hybrid material exhibited a high performance for reversible lithium storage. In particular, the hybrid anode material delivered reversible lithium storage capacities of 809, 765, 539, and 359 mAhg -1 at current densities of 180, 450, 900, and 1800 mAg -1, respectively. The superior performance of CoFe 2O 4/MWCNTs hybrid materials could be ascribed to the synergistic pinning effect of the wintersweet-flower-like nanoarchitecture. This strategy could also be applied to synthesize other metal oxide/CNTs hybrid materials as high-capacity anode materials for lithium ion batteries. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Wang, Y, Su, D, Ung, A, Ahn, J-H & Wang, G 2012, 'Hollow CoFe2O4nanospheres as a high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries', Nanotechnology, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 055402-055402.
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Hollow structured CoFe 2O 4 nanospheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The uniform hollow nanosphere architecture of the as-prepared CoFe 2O 4 has been confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis, which give an outer diameter of 200300nm and a wall thickness of about 100nm. CoFe 2O 4 nanospheres exhibited a high reversible capacity of 1266mAhg 1 with an excellent capacity retention of 93.6% over 50 cycles and an improved rate capability. CoFe 2O 4 could be a promising high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Wang, Z, Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Position Detection Strategy for Sensorless Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Motors at Low Speed Using Transient Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1003-1006.
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A novel solution for sensorless starting of conventional surface mounted PM motors is proposed. The strategy of the proposed scheme is to creatively formulate a combination of electromagnetic field with transient finite element method (FEM). The proposed solution is an improvement over and above conventional methods in that it is based on rotor position detection at zero speed with high frequency signal injection and back EMF detection. Previous researches tend to consider the induced signal from different winding terminals independently. The proposed methodology however exploits the induced voltage signals from two of the motor winding terminals, using the third terminal as the signal injection point. The strategy also eliminates the process of polarity tests. The relationship between the dependency of induced signals and the rotor position angle is summarized, and a simple motor starting scheme is proposed. Effects arising from the transient characteristics of the injected/induced signals are fully addressed using FEM.
Weston, L, Ton-That, C & Phillips, MR 2012, 'Doping properties of hydrogen in ZnO', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, vol. 27, no. 17, pp. 2220-2224.
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The doping properties and stability of hydrogen in zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals have been investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. Hydrogen incorporation was achieved by hydrogen plasma at 200 °C. The ZnO near-band-edge (NBE) peak is dramatically enhanced, while the green emission at 2.4 eV is quenched with increasing hydrogen incorporation. These effects are attributed to hydrogen passivating green luminescence centers, which are most likely negatively charged zinc vacancy defects. E-beam irradiation of H-doped ZnO crystals by an intense electron beam with μW power reverses the hydrogen doping process. This effect is ascribed to the dissociation of H-related defects, formation of Chidden H2, and electromigration of H + under the influence of the local trapped charge-induced electric field. These results highlight the potential to modify the local luminescent properties of ZnO by e-beam irradiation. © 2012 Materials Research Society.
Williams, DBG & Bredenkamp, T 2012, 'Pd/Al(OTf)3 Catalyzed Methoxycarbonylation: On the Importance of Counterions and the Acid Source', ChemCatChem, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 206-208.
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Williams, DBG, Sibiya, MS & van Heerden, PS 2012, 'Efficient hydroalkoxylation of alkenes to generate octane-boosting ethers using recyclable metal triflates and highly active metal triflate/Brønsted acid-assisted catalysts', Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 75-79.
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gem-Disubstituted alkenes are directly and readily etherified with alcohols using Al(OTf) 3 and Zr(OTf) 4 as recyclable Lewis acid catalysts. In contrast, primary or secondary alkene analogues were inert under these conditions, enabling excellent chemoselectivity. Lanthanide triflates are inactive as catalysts for such reactions, as is phosphoric acid. But a combination of these two otherwise inactive entities led to an 'assisted acidity' scenario that saw significant unmatched catalyst activity. All catalysts of this study are recyclable a number of times without loss of activity. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Williams, DBG, Simelane, SB & Kinfe, HH 2012, 'Aluminium triflate catalysed O-glycosidation: temperature-switched selective Ferrier rearrangement or direct addition with alcohols', Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, vol. 10, no. 29, pp. 5636-5636.
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A temperature-controlled mechanism switch between the Al(OTf) 3-catalysed direct addition of alcohols or the Ferrier rearrangement reactions in some glycals is presented. The scope and limitations are investigated as are the influence of the stereochemistry and nature of the protecting groups on the glycal substrate. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Xiao, H & Fu, S 2012, 'A Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice', JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 1709-1712.
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A simple and sensitive GC/MS method was developed for the detection of patulin in apple juice. The method utilized a common laboratory chemical, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, as an internal standard. The calibration curve, ranging from 5 to 100 µg/L, showed good linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were 2 and 5 µg/L, respectively. The significant advantage of the method was removal of the need for in-house synthesis of appropriate internal standards as reported by other researchers. The method also eliminated the need for careful sample preparation procedures, as outlined in some AOAC methods in which no internal standard was utilized. The streamlined extraction process and the improved sensitivity warrant the developed method to be a useful alternative for drug testing laboratories, especially those with large specimen volume and throughput to determine patulin levels in apple juice.
Xu, J, Jia, L, Ma, Y, Liu, X, Tian, H, Liu, W & Tang, Y 2012, 'Novel lanthanide hybrid functional materials for high performance luminescence application: The relationship between structures and photophysical behaviors', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 112-119.
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Xu, W, Lei, G, Wang, T, Yu, X, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Theoretical Research on New Laminated Structure Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Novel Topologic Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 4050-4053.
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In this paper, a novel configuration for University of Technology Sydney (UTS) plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is introduced which has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time. For continuous working, more strict requests are made to the drive machine, mainly including good thermal dissipation capability, high torque density, great flux weakening ability, etc. One new laminated structure flux switching permanent magnet machine (LSFSPMM) is proposed in this paper, which stator and rotor are laminated in parallel to the axis. It can make full use of PM flux linkage and reduce the core loss particularly in the high excitation frequency. Based on the 2D model prediction by finite element algorithm (FEA), LSFSPMM has lower cogging torque, higher torque density, greater flux weakening ability, higher efficiency, etc., and hence it can be regarded as one ideal candidate for the UTS PHEV drive system.
Yisgedu, TB, Huang, Z, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, King, G, Highley, A, Maharrey, S, Woodward, PM, Behrens, R, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'The structural characterization of (NH4)2B10H10 and thermal decomposition studies of (NH4)2B10H10 and (NH4)2B12H12', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 4267-4273.
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Zhan, Y, Wang, H & Zhu, J 2012, 'Modelling and control of hybrid UPS system with backup PEM fuel cell/battery', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1322-1331.
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This paper describes the dynamics modelling of a practical and cost-effective DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter and AC/DC rectifier for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and battery. Further
Zhang, J, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Li, H, Zhang, Q, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2012, 'Finite Element Analysis and Evaluation of Stator Insulation in High Voltage Synchronous Motor', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 955-958.
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In this paper, two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is used to compute the electric field in stator slot of a synchronous motor. The electrical insulation between the conductors and the edges of slot is evaluated. The relationship between size o
Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Zhao, Z, Xu, W & Dorrell, DG 2012, 'An Improved Direct Torque Control for Three-Level Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Sensorless Drive', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1502-1513.
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A sensorless three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter-fed induction motor drive is proposed in this paper. The conventional direct torque control (DTC) switching table fails to consider the circuit limitations, such as neutral-point-balance and smooth vector switching, caused by the topology of a three-level inverter. Two kinds of modified schemes for three-level DTC are proposed to solve these problems. They also provide performance enhancement while maintaining robustness and simplicity. Fuzzy logic control and the speed-adaptive flux observer (with novel gain and load toque observation) are introduced to enhance the performance of the system. The issue of large starting current is investigated and solved by introducing the technique of preexcitation. A 32-bit fixed-point DSP-based motor drive is developed to achieve high-performance sensorless control over a wide speed range. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is confirmed by simulation implementation and experimental validation.
Zhao, Y, Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Parameterized Mesh Generation and Refinement Method for Finite Element Parameter Sweeping Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 239-242.
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A parameterized mesh generation and refinement method is presented for parameter sweeping analysis of electromagnetic designs. The advantages of the method are distinct in that the method is remeshing-free, thus it can significantly reduce the numerical
Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2012, 'Performance Analysis of an HTS Magnetic Suspension and Propulsion System With a Double-Sided HTS Linear Synchronous Motor', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 655-658.
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A novel HTS magnetic suspension and propulsion system driven by a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) has been developed, which is suspended by an HTS magnetic suspension subsystem located on the bottom of the HTSLSM secondary mover. The s
Zhu, J, Lu, J & Nafalki, A 2012, 'COMPUMAG 2011 Chairmen's Foreword', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 171-171.
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Bin Qin, Xu, W, Nian Liu, Zhang, Y, Jiefeng Hu & Zhu, J 1970, 'Theoretical research on short circuit fault of rotor inner winding in large turbo generator', IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Montreal, Canada, pp. 6218-6223.
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This paper analyzes the rotor magnetic potential distribution of one large turbo generator both in normal and rotor inner winding short-circuit fault states. By the influence of short fault, the second harmonic current of the stator winding will induce one half and one two-third harmonic currents to the stator winding and the rotor winding respectively. Furthermore, it also analyzes theoretically the effect of inter-turn short circuit on characteristic parameters, which include the stator current, the stator voltage, the rotor current, the rotor voltage, and the active/reactive power. Then a method is proposed to predict or identify different practical faults in details, which is on the base of the relative variation laws of those characteristic parameters varying with the severity of the rotor inter-turn short circuit fault. The fault criterion of rotor inter turn short-circuit on-line identification has been investigated, which can estimate different types of faults. Finally, theoretical analysis based on simulation in Simulink/Matlab is carried out by using the dynamic short-circuit model of large turbo generator units. This paper could give good guidance for the judgment of the rotor inner winding short-circuit fault of large turbo generator by the right choice of characteristic parameters.
Carroll, L, Hawkins, C, Pattison, D, Fu, S, Storkey, C, Schiesser, C & Davies, M 1970, 'Seleno Compounds Are Effective Scavengers of Myeloperoxidase-Derived Oxidants', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, 19th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine (SFRBM), ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, San Diego, CA, pp. S107-S107.
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Chen, DP, Du, Y, Wang, XL, Cheng, ZX, Dou, SX, Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG & Xu, B 1970, 'Oxygen-vacancy effect on structural, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties in multiferroic YMnO3 single crystals', Journal of Applied Physics, Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, AIP Publishing, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, pp. 07D913-07D913.
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We have investigated the structural, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties of magnetically frustrated multiferroic YMnO3 single crystals. The ferroelectric domain structures of YMnO3 samples were studied by piezoresponse force microscopy. Instead of domain vortex structure in stoichiometric crystals, YMnO3−δ exhibits a random domain configuration with straight domain walls. In magnetic measurements, the YMnO3−δ crystal shows typical antiferromagnetic behavior with higher Néel temperature and lower magnetization compared to the stoichiometric sample. The ordered oxygen vacancies dominate multiferroicity through tailoring the domain wall structure.
Guo, Y, Lei, G, Zhu, J & Pham, DH 1970, 'Performance analysis of a permanet magnet SMC transverse flux motor with multiobjective optimization strategy', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper presents the performance analysis of two different multiobjective optimization schemes for a permanent magnet transverse flux motor (TFM) drive, in which soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is employed as the motor core. Firstly, deterministic multiobjective optimization method is introduced for developing the SMC TFM motor drive while taking into account the unique properties of SMC. Secondly, robust multiobjective optimization method is presented to improve the reliability of the drive from the point of view of industrial application. The optimization results show that the performances of the drive system with robust design optimization have improved a lot compared with deterministic design optimization; the designed products have very low probability of failure against manufacturing error and environment variation; this is crucial in modern quality control. Furthermore, the users have flexibility to choose among a series of optimal results in those obtained multiobjective optimization solutions. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.
Guo, Y, Zeng, J, Zhu, J, Lin, Z & Li, Y 1970, 'Magnetic Hysteresis of Magnetorheological Fluid under 2D Rotating Magnetic Field Excitation', the 13th International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions: Book of Abstracts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1-2.
Hsing, A, Geisler, H, Ryan, V, Cheng, M, Machani, K, Breuer, D, Lehr, MU, Paul, J, Iacopi, F & Dauskardt, R 1970, 'Microprobing the mechanical effects of varying dielectric porosity in advanced interconnect structures', 2012 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2012 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference - IITC, IEEE, USA.
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Chip-package interaction has become a major concern due to increasingly porous low-K dielectrics. During the packaging process, shear stresses are exerted on fragile interconnect structures. We use a microprobe metrology system to experimentally measure how interconnect stacks with different dielectric porosities behave under various shear loading conditions and a wide range of temperatures. © 2012 IEEE.
Hu, J, Zhu, J, Platt, G, Dorrell, DG & Society, IEEEIE 1970, 'Model-Predictive Direct Power Control of AC/DC Converters with One Step Delay Compensation', 38TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY (IECON 2012), Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Montreal, Canada, pp. 4892-4897.
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This paper presents a model-predictive direct power control (MPDPC) strategy for a three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier. The controller uses a system model to predict the system behavior on each sampling interval for each voltage vector. A cost function is then used to evaluate the active and reactive power ripples, from which the vector that generates the lowest power ripple will be applied during the next sampling interval. In addition, the influence of a one-step delay in the digital implementation is investigated and this is compensated for using a predictive scheme. The main advantages of the proposed strategy are that there is no need to use a switching table for voltage vector positioning, the power ripple is reduced, and the system displays excellent steady-state and dynamic performance. The proposed MPDPC was validated both in simulation, using MATLAB/Simulink, and experimentally, with a 5 kVA laboratory AC/DC converter.
Huyang, G, Canning, J, Bishop, D, McDonagh, A & Crossley, MJ 1970, 'An evaluation of the distribution of metal ions in otherwise uniform titania sol-gel layers designed for optical sensing using laser ablation inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy', SPIE Proceedings, OFS2012 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensor, SPIE, Beijing, China.
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Free-base porphyrins are bound to titania sol-gel layers deposited on glass slides. The porphyrin-containing titania layers show the UV-VIS spectra of the porphyrin and are found to be uniformly and evenly distributed. By addition of a metal salt to the titania layer, it was possible to metallate the free-base porphyrin within and change the UV-VIS absorbance of the porphyrin. The metalloporphyrins based on Cu and Zn ions could be detected by laser ablation inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS). Aggregation of metals is observed indicating that metal ions are also attaching directly to the titania. In samples where already metalized porphyrins are used little or no aggregation is observed, indicating that the titania sol gel is non-uniform in its affinity for metal ions. © 2012 SPIE.
Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A medium-frequency transformer with multiple secondary windings for grid connection through H-bridge voltage source converters', ICEMS 2012 - Proceedings: 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Sytems (ICEMS), IEEE, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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Although the power output of today's wind turbine has exceeded 7 MW, the voltage rating of the most common generator is below 700 V. A low-frequency transformer is commonly used to step-up the voltage to the grid voltage level, e.g. 11 kV or 33 kV. These heavy and bulky low-frequency transformers significantly increase the volume and weight of nacelle. To achieve a compact and light nacelle, a medium-voltage converter with series-connected H-bridge (SCHB) topology would be an attractive technology for future wind turbines. However, the SCHB converter requires multiple isolated and balanced DC sources, which makes the application not straightforward. As an alternative approach to generate multiple isolated and balanced sources a prototype transformer with six secondary windings, 1.26 kVA and 10 kHz, is designed and developed for 1 kV five levels SCHB multilevel converters. The experimental results show that the proposed system may be attractive in grid based renewable energy systems. © 2012 IEEJ Industry Appl Soc.
Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A novel medium-voltage converter system for compact and light wind turbine generators', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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The classical approach based on low-voltage converter is commonly employed a low-frequency transformer (inside or outside the nacelle) of wind turbine system. Because of the heave weight and large size of the transformer, the turbine can be expensive and complex for installation and maintenance. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light wind turbine a medium-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge multilevel converter topology is proposed. The transformer-less novel architecture thus leads to a compact and environmentally friendly design, which can save large amount of installation, running and maintenance costs of wind turbine. This paper mainly focuses on design and simulation of the proposed wind turbine. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.
Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A transformer-less compact and light wind turbine generating system for offshore wind farms', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, Malaysia, pp. 605-610.
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Offshore wind turbines are distributed in a wide area where the power is generated usually at low voltage levels of 380~690 V. To reduce electrical power transmission losses, a low-frequency transformer is placed inside the nacelle of the offshore wind turbine to step-up the voltage up to the voltage levels of 11~33 kV. The heave weight and large size of the step-up transformer significantly increase the weight and volume of the nacelle. These penalties are critical in offshore applications, where cost of installation and regular maintenance are extremely high. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light offshore wind turbine a medium-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge multilevel converter topology is proposed in this paper. The transformer-less approach thus leads to a compact and environmentally friendly design, which can save large amount of installation, running and maintenance costs of offshore wind turbines. This paper mainly focuses on design and simulation of 33 kV offshore wind turbine generating system.
Li, Y, Zhao, Z, Yang, Q, Zhu, J & Wang, Y 1970, 'Tensor Magnetic Reluctivity Properties of Soft Magnetic Composite Materials', 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF), IEEE, Dalian, Liaoning, pp. 1-4.
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In order to comprehensively analyze the magnetic field distribution in rotating flux machines, a three dimensional (3-D) magnetic properties testing system fitting for cubic specimen has been constructed and modeled. This paper emphatically studies the tensor magnetic reluctivity properties based on measurement of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials in 3-D magnetization conditions. By means of the experiential data, 3-D reluctivity tensor is calculated and analyzed. The characteristics of the tensor matrix diagonal and off-diagonal elements are analyzed in different conditions considering the maximum flux density, orientation, and axis ratio of the elliptical magnetic flux density B locus.
Lucey, T, Wuhrer, R, Huggett, P, Moran, K, Yeung, W, Cortie, M & TMS 1970, 'Solidification phenomena during casting of stainless steel/cast iron composites', TMS 2012 141ST ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2: MATERIALS PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MODELING, TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Wiley, Orlando, pp. 267-274.
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A novel vacuum casting technique has previously been used to manufacture white cast iron/steel composites. This process allows the production of complex shaped products with significantly improved wear resistance and impact strength in order to achieve higher performance in mining applications.
Rahman, SA, Walker, PD, Zhang, N, Zhu, JG & Du, H 1970, 'A Comparative Study of Vehicle Drive Performance and Energy Efficiency', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Automotive Technologies, International Conference on Sustainable Automotive Technologies, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, pp. 319-324.
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In this paper, two typres of increasingly more efficient and greener vehicles are analyzed and compared. These vehicles are: a proposed conceptual series-parrallel powertrain, the University of Technology, Sydney plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (UTS PHEV); and, a conventional series-parrallel hybrid electric vehicle with an internal combustion engine. The UTS PHEV requires only a single electric machine to function as an electric motor or generator in different time intervals controlled by a special energy management strategy. The UTS PHEV uses two energy storage device, the battery and the untracapacitor, which can work together effectively to maintain the state of charge at a high level in order to improve the vehicle drive performance and energy efficiency. With the assistance of a novel automatic transmission, the UTS PHEV can operate under multiple modes to suit the needs of various driving cycles including those in an emergency. A special power and energy management strategy was developed to control the power flows within the vehicle according to the desired operating mode.
Schulte, EF, Cooper, KA, Phillips, M & Shinde, SL 1970, 'Characterization of a novel fluxless surface preparation process for die interconnect bonding', 2012 IEEE 62nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2012 IEEE 62nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 26-30.
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For applications such as 3D integration, flip chip, and other die interconnection processes, a variety of metals is used to form an electrical and mechanical bond between the two components. Native oxides, however, quickly form on many of the common bond materials, hindering the integrity of the joint and adversely affecting long-term reliability. A new method has been developed to reduce these surface oxides and passivate the exposed metal surfaces against re-oxidation. Avoiding the use of acids or the possible exposure to hot electrons, ions and highly energetic atoms of conventional vacuum plasma, the developed and tested processing is carried out in atmospheric ambient to remove native oxides from solders and contact metals, enabling consistent bonding at modest temperatures and bond forces. The processing approach has been applied to a variety of metal and alloy surfaces, with bonding pursued over a range of forces and temperatures. Analysis of treated and untreated surfaces will also be presented, including SEM images and surface analysis techniques such as laser ellipsometry. Finally, physical bonding results will demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed atmospheric surface preparation approach, lowering the temperatures and bond forces required to achieve effective joining between component parts. © 2012 IEEE.
Stuart, BH, Notter, SJ, Selvalatchmanan, J & Fu, S 1970, 'The influence of water chemistry on the formation of adipocere', 21st International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences Abstracts, 21st International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences.
Wang, T, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Zhang, Y 1970, 'An assessment of the influence of sampling frequency on steady-state performance of PMSM drive system', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-4.
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This paper presents simulation and experimental studies of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control methods, including vector control (VC) or field oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC) and model predictive control (MPC). The steady-state performances under a range of sampling frequency (1.5k Hz-20k Hz) of each method are performed in Matlab/Simulink and dSAPCE system. A comprehensive analysis based on these tests shows that the efficiency of control methods (sampling frequency vs. torque ripple) decreases along with the increase of sampling frequency. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.
Xu, W, Lei, G, Zhang, Y, Wang, T, Zhu, J & IEEE 1970, 'Development of Electrical Drive System for the UTS PHEV', 2012 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE), IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, Raleigh, NC, USA, pp. 1886-1893.
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In this paper, a novel drive configuration of the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) plug-in HEV (PHEV) is introduced firstly, which has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time. Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the UTS PHEV should be governed by one special energy management strategy (EMS) particularly in different time intervals, such as the transition from motor to generator. From the system view, the performance analysis of the whole car have been done by the help of PSAT software so as to decide main dimensions for the drive configurations, and brief comparisons are made to the fuel economy and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between traditional HEV and UTS PHEV. After that, for continuous working based the sole machine, more strict requests are put forward to the drive system, mainly including high torque/power density, good thermal dissipation capability, great flux weakening ability for high speed cruising, strong mechanical redundancy capability, etc. As per these tough requirements, qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made on different types of drive machines, especially on those series of stator-mounted permanent magnet machines (SMPMMs), including double salient permanent magnet machine (DSPMM), flux reversal machine (FRM), and flux switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM). Then one new axially laminated flux switching permanent magnet machine (ALFSPMM) is proposed, which stator and rotor are laminated in parallel to the axis. It can make full usage of PM flux linkage and reduce the core loss particularly in the high excitation frequency. Based on the 2D model prediction by finite element algorithm (FEA), the ALFSPMM has lower cogging torque, higher torque density, greater flux weakening ability, higher efficiency, etc., and hence it can be regarded as one ideal candidate for the UTS PHEV drive system. In order to save time and expense, one prototype with 2 kW has been built u...
Yu Zhang, Wei Xu, Nian Liu, Yunhong Zhang, Jiefeng Hu & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Research on lightning over-voltage in 1000kV gas insulated switchgear substation', IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Montreal, Canada, pp. 6212-6217.
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This paper investigates the lightning over-voltage process of a 1000 kV ultra-high voltage(UHV) gas insulated switchgear(GIS) substation by the help of one electromagnetic transient simulation software, Electromagnetic Transients Program-Alternative Transients Program (ATP-EMTP). Taking the near lightning stroke for example, the simulation model is built with a substation, some incoming lines and their relevant line terminals. Firstly, it studies different influences of various substation operation modes, line voltage, and impulse grounding resistance, etc. Secondly, in order to identify the over-voltage distribution and variation of the electrical substation equipments (mainly transformers), it studies the over-voltage influence generated by lightning invasion wave in the whole system. Finally, based on comprehensive simulation and theoretical analysis, some suggestions are proposed to restrict the lightning over-voltage.
Zeng, J, Bai, B, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Lin, Z 1970, 'Assembly Process's Simulation of High-Field Permanent-Magnet Flux Source Based on Vector Magnetic Hysteresis Model', 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF), IEEE, Dalian, China, pp. 1-4.
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In this paper, the recently research results of assembly process's simulation of high-field permanent-magnetic flux source is presented. A 2D vector Jiles-Atherton magnetic hysteresis model is employed in magnetic field finite element analysis. Abnormal magnetization phenomena of permanent magnetic material during the assembly process are simulated and the distribution and account of abnormal magnetization points is obtained. It can be a significant guide for the manufacture of magic ring
Zeng, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lin, Z 1970, '2D Vectorial Magnetic Hysteresis Property Measurement of Magneto-Rheological Fluid Material', the 12th International Workshop on 1&2 Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing, Vienna, Austria.
Zeng, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Li, Y & Li, J 1970, 'Magnetic Hysteresis Properties Measurement for Magneto-Rheological Elastomer', the 13th International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions: Book of Abstracts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1-2.
Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Design of an HTS Levitated Double-Sided HTSLSM for Maglev', Physics Procedia, Superconductivity Centennial Conference (SCC), Elsevier BV, Hague, NETHERLANDS, pp. 1031-1036.
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© 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Guest Editors. A hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous propulsion system composed of a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in the middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been proposed for a middle-low-speed maglev. Three carriages has been made up for the proposed maglev, and each carriage consists of four HTSLSM modules. The HTSLSM has been designed to reach a speed of 69 km/h and a maximum thrust of 48.9 kN for each motor. The finite element analysis has been used for the theoretical verification. The results obtained show that the HTS linear propulsion system satisfies the principal requirements for the maglev.
Zhu, JJ & Xu, X 1970, 'Biopsychically inspired cognitive control for autonomous agents based on motivated learning', 2012 17th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR), 2012 17th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR), IEEE, Miedzyzdroje, POLAND, pp. 1-8.
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