Connally, R, Jin, D & Piper, J 2006, 'High intensity solid‐state UV source for time‐gated luminescence microscopy', Cytometry Part A, vol. 69A, no. 9, pp. 1020-1027.
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AbstractBackground.The unique discriminative ability of immunofluorescent probes can be severely compromised when probe emission competes against naturally occurring, intrinsically fluorescent substances (autofluorophores). Luminescence microscopes that operate in the time‐domain can selectively resolve probes with long fluorescence lifetimes (τ > 100 μs) against short‐lived fluorescence to deliver greatly improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). A novel time‐gated luminescence microscope design is reported that employs an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diode (LED) to excite fluorescence from a europium chelate immunoconjugate with a long fluorescence lifetime.Methods.A commercial Zeiss epifluorescence microscope was adapted for TGL operation by fitting with a time‐gated image‐intensified CCD camera and a high‐power (100 mW) UV LED. Capture of the luminescence was delayed for a precise interval following excitation so that autofluorescence was suppressed. Giardia cysts were labeled in situ with antibody conjugated to a europium chelate (BHHST) with a fluorescence lifetime >500 μs.Results.BHHST‐labeled Giardia cysts emit at 617 nm when excited in the UV and were difficult to locate within the matrix of fluorescent algae using conventional fluorescence microscopy, and the SNR of probe to autofluorescent background was 0.51:1. However in time‐gated luminescence mode with a gate‐delay of 5 μs, the SNR was improved to 12.8:1, a 25‐fold improvement.Conclusion.In comparison to xenon flashlamps, UV LEDs are inexpensive, easily powered, and extinguish quickly. Furthermore, the spiked emission of the LED enabled removal of spectral filters from the micro...
Cranfield, CG, Bomzon, Z, Day, D, Gu, M & Cartmell, SH 2006, 'Mechanical Strains Induced in Osteoblasts by Use of Point Femtosecond Laser Targeting.', Int. J. Biomed. Imaging, vol. 2006, pp. 21304:1-21304:1.
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A study demonstrating how ultrafast laser radiation stimulates osteoblasts is presented. The study employed a custom made optical system that allowed for simultaneous confocal cell imaging and targeted femtosecond pulse laser irradiation. When femtosecond laser light was focused onto a single cell, a rise in intracellular Ca 2+ levels was observed followed by contraction of the targeted cell. This contraction caused deformation of neighbouring cells leading to a heterogeneous strain field throughout the monolayer. Quantification of the strain fields in the monolayer using digital image correlation revealed local strains much higher than threshold values typically reported to stimulate extracellular bone matrix production in vitro. This use of point targeting with femtosecond pulse lasers could provide a new method for stimulating cell activity in orthopaedic tissue engineering.
Day, D, Cranfield, CG & Gu, M 2006, 'High-Speed Fluorescence Imaging and Intensity Profiling of Femtosecond-Induced Calcium Transients.', Int. J. Biomed. Imaging, vol. 2006, pp. 93438:1-93438:1.
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We have demonstrated a combined imaging system, where the physiology of biological specimens can be imaged and profiled at 10-20 frames per second whilst undergoing femtosecond laser irradiation. Individual GH3 cells labeled with the calcium fluorophore Fluo-3 were stimulated using a counter-propagating focused femtosecond beam with respect to the imaging system. As a result of the stimulation, calcium waves can be generated in COS cells, and laser-induced calcium oscillations are initiated in the GH3 cells. Single-photon fluorescence images and intensity profiles of the targeted specimens are sampled in real-time using a modified PerkinElmer UltraView LCI microscope. Copyright © 2006 Daniel Day et al.
Fu, L, Jain, A, Xie, HK, Cranfield, C & Gu, M 2006, 'Nonlinear optical endoscopy based on a double-clad photonic crystal fiber and a MEMS mirror', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1027-1032.
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Gurisik, E, Warton, K, Martin, DK & Valenzuela, SM 2006, 'An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH', Cell Biology International, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 793-799.
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The use of mobile phones is increasing, which also increases the population's exposure to global system of mobile communications (GSM) signals. Questions of safety and possible biological effects are of concern and to date, remain largely unanswered. In
Jin, D, Connally, R & Piper, J 2006, 'Long-lived visible luminescence of UV LEDs and impact on LED excited time-resolved fluorescence applications', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 461-465.
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Lou, W, Jin, D, Niu, W, Ni, X & Wu, W 2006, 'Middle segment pancreatectomy for the treatment of benign and low malignant potential pancreatic tumours', Surgical Practice, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 75-78.
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Background: Conventional distal pancreatectomy is used for the removal of lesions located at the body and tail of the pancreas. Generally, the spleen is sacrificed. But for benign and low malignant potential tumours in the pancreatic neck and body, this incurs notable loss of normal pancreatic tissue and the unnecessary risk of diabetes mellitus as well as splenic loss.Methods: We report three cases of middle segment pancreatectomy in an effort to avoid the unnecessary loss of normal pancreatic tissue and the spleen. Two patients were males with a mucinous cystadenoma and non‐cystic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. The other was a female with a serous cystadenoma. Middle segment pancreatectomy was performed. Two patients were reconstructed with double pancreaticojejunostomy and the third with a pancreaticogastrostomy.Results: No major complications were observed.Comnclusions: Middle segment pancreatectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the resection of benign and low malignant potential tumours in the pancreatic neck and body with preservation of normal pancreatic tissue and the spleen in selected patients. This is the first report of middle segment pancreatectomy for pancreatic tumour in China.
Pissuwan, D, Valenzuela, SM & Cortie, MB 2006, 'Therapeutic possibilities of plasmonically heated gold nanoparticles', TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 62-67.
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Nanoparticles of gold, which are in the size range 10-100 nm, undergo a plasmon resonance with light. This is a process whereby the electrons of the gold resonate in response to incoming radiation causing them to both absorb and scatter light. This effect can be harnessed to either destroy tissue by local heating or release payload molecules of therapeutic importance. Gold nanoparticles can also be conjugated to biologically active moieties, providing possibilities for targeting to particular tissues. Here, we review the progress made in the exploitation of the plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles in photo-thermal therapeutic medicine. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fu, L, Jain, A, Xie, H, Cranfield, C & Gu, M 1970, 'Integration of a Double-clad Photonic Crystal Fiber, a GRIN Lens and a MEMS Mirror for Nonlinear Optical Endoscopy', Biomedical Optics, Biomedical Topical Meeting, OSA.
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We report on a prototype of a nonlinear optical endoscope based on a doubleclad photonic crystal fiber and a GRIN lens to improve the detection efficiency and a MEMS mirror to steer the beam. © 2006 Optical Society of America.
Gunning, SJ, Maggio, FJ, Valenzuela, S, Broady, KW, King, GK & Nicholson, GM 1970, 'Pharmacophore mapping of the κ-atracotoxins: selective insect potassium channel blockers that reveal a novel insecticide target', 15th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Glasgow, Scotland.
Jin, D, Connally, R & Piper, J 1970, 'UV LED excited time-gated luminescence flow cytometry: concepts and experimental evaluation', Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology IV, Optics East 2006, SPIE, Boston, MA.
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Kabakova, IV & Sukhorukov, AP 1970, 'Optical beam reflection upon two-frequency noncollinear interaction in photorefractive crystals', Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, pp. 2002-2006.
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The effect of nonlinear reflection upon two-frequency noncollinear interaction of optical beams in photorefractive crystals was considered for the first time. Simple expression for the critical reflection angle was found in the geometrical-optics approximation. Numerical simulation confirms the theoretical result. © 2007 by Allerton Press, Inc.
