Al Fugara, AM, Pradhan, B & Ahmed Mohamed, T 2009, 'Improvement of land-use classification using object-oriented and fuzzy logic approach', Applied Geomatics, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 111.
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Biswajeet, P & Hamid, A 2009, 'Oil spill trajectory simulation and coastal sensitivity risk mapping', Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 73-80.
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This paper deals with detection of oil spill areas from Radarsat images for the Tanjung Piai coast of Strait of Malacca and subsequently model those spilled areas to generate coastal sensitivity index maps for the study area. Spill areas were classified based on their chemical composition and were extracted from satellite images supported with field surveys. Maps of the topography, land cover were constructed from the spatial data sets in GIS. Bathymetry map, shoreline sensitivity, socioeconomic, biological, wind and sea current data were extracted from various resources and modeled in GIS for oil spill trajectory simulation analysis. An oil spill simulation model was developed as a way to find the suitable solution for emergency response and management in case of any future spill occurs in the study area. Remote sensing, GIS and other geomatic systems can be employed to mitigate the ageold problems of information availability and timeliness, data management and synoptic inventory of natural resources when an oil spill caused by accident or human error. This paper describes application of remote sensing and GIS for detecting, mapping, evaluating and modeling of spills in sea environments in order to reduce responding time and qualify the decision making process in contingency planning.
Biswajeet, P & Mardiana, S 2009, 'Flood Hazrad Assessment for Cloud Prone Rainy Areas in a Typical Tropical Environment', DISASTER ADVANCES, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 7-15.
Biswajeet, P, Lee, S & Manfred, FB 2009, 'Use of geospatial data and fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide-hazard mapping', Applied Geomatics, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 3-15.
Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2009, 'Damage Identification in Timber Bridges Utilising the Damage Index Method and Neural Network Ensembles', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 181-194.
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Many of Australia's timber bridges are in aged and decayed conditions. In order to ensure the reliability of these structures and the safety of the public, condition assessment, damage detection and safety evaluation is necessary. This paper presents a damage identification procedure, which is based on global change of vibration characteristics of a structure. The developed method utilises the damage index (DI) method in combination with neural network techniques to identify damage in numerical and experimental timber beam structures. The neural network ensemble approach is utilised in order to respect important diversities of different modes and to integrate individual characteristics of vibrational mode separated damage features. The method considers field testing issues associated with measurement noise, limited number of sensor arrays and environmental fluctuations. The results of damage detection using the proposed approach demonstrate its ability to determine the location and severity of all present damage cases. The outcomes show that the developed damage detection method is effective, robust and reliable.
Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Parametric studies on bioengineering effects of tree root-based suction on ground behaviour', ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1415-1426.
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Using native vegetation to improve soil stiffness, stabilise slopes and control erosion is a rapidly evolving process. A theoretical model previously developed by the authors for the rate of tree root water uptake together with an associated numerical simulation is used to study the effects of a wide range of soil, tree, and atmospheric parameters on partially saturated ground. The influence of different parameters on the maximum initial rate of root water uptake is investigated through parametric and sensitivity analyses. Field measurements taken from previously published literature are compared with numerical predictions for validation. The rate of selected parameters such as potential transpiration and its distribution, suction at wilting point, the coefficient of permeability and the distribution of root length density are studied in detail. The analysis shows that the rate of potential transpiration increases the soil matric suction and ground settlement, while the potential transpiration rate has an insignificant effect on the distribution of soil suction. Root density distribution factors affect the size of the influence zone. Suction at the wilting point increases the soil matric suction and ground settlement, whereas the saturation permeability decreases the maximum soil matric suction generated. The analysis confirms that the most sensitive parameters, including the coefficients of the tree root system, the transpiration rate, the permeability of the soil and its suction at the wilting point should be measured or estimated accurately for an acceptable prediction of ground conditions in the vicinity of trees. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Gao, W, Zhang, N & Ji, J 2009, 'A new method for random vibration analysis of stochastic truss structures', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 190-199.
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A new method called the random factor method (RFM) for the natural frequency, mode shape and random vibration analysis of stochastic truss structures is presented in this paper. Using the RFM, the structural physical parameters and geometry can be considered as random variables. The structural stiffness and mass matrices can then, respectively, be described by the product of two parts corresponding to the random factors and the deterministic matrix. The structural natural frequencies, mode shapes and random response can be expressed as the function of the random factors. By means of the random variable's functional moment method and the algebra synthesis method, computational expressions for the mean value, standard deviation and variation coefficient of the dynamic characteristics, mean square value of the stationary random displacement and stress response are developed. The influences of the randomness of the structural parameters on the dynamic characteristics, structural displacement and stress responses are demonstrated using a truss structure and Monte-Carlo simulations illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Glamore, WC & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Tidal-forcing groundwater dynamics in a restored coastal wetland: implications of saline intrusion', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 31-40.
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Golab, AN & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Occurrence and consequences of acid sulphate soils and methods of site remediation', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 201-208.
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© 2009 Taylor & Francis. The oxidation of sulphides in acid sulphate soils (ASS) causes the acidification of many Australian coastal river systems. The acidity negatively impacts upon coastal ecosystems, aquaculture, agriculture and concrete and steel infrastructure. In the low-lying floodplains, relatively deep surface drains fitted with one-way floodgates lower the watertable, thereby exposing the sulphidic minerals to oxidation. On the Broughton Creek floodplain in SE Australia, four distinct remediation strategies have been developed to tackle the issue of acidification by ASS: (i) simple V-notch weirs that raise the level of the watertable surrounding the drains thereby submerging the pyrite and preventing the further formation of acidity; (ii) modified two-way floodgates that allow the inflow of tidal water into the drains, thereby buffering the acidity within the drain before it enters the river and raising the level of the watertable surrounding the drain; (iii) lateral impermeable lime barriers that both prevent oxidation of pyrite by stopping the downward movement of oxygen into the soil and neutralise the acidity in the groundwater; and (iv) permeable reactive barriers (PRB) that passively intercept the groundwater flow and neutralise the acidity. Each remediation strategy has a distinct role to suit the different terrain and groundwater conditions.
Golab, AN, Peterson, MA & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Selection of permeable reactive barrier materials for treating acidic groundwater in acid sulphate soil terrains based on laboratory column tests', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 241-254.
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Indraratna, B, Attya, A & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2009, 'Experimental Investigation on Effectiveness of a Vertical Drain under Cyclic Loads', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 135, no. 6, pp. 835-839.
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Indraratna, B, Muttuvel, T & Khabbaz, H 2009, 'Modelling the erosion rate of chemically stabilized soil incorporating tensile force - deformation characteristics', CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 57-68.
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To evaluate the safety of embankment dams, it is necessary to estimate the erosion rate based on common geotechnical properties such as shear and tensile strength. However, the empirical expressions that are currently available in the literature for this purpose are often inadequate. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to model the erosion of a soil capturing its tensile behaviour based on the law of energy conservation. The erosion rate can be determined using the proposed model if the tensile force - deformation characteristics, dry density, mean particle diameter, and mean flow velocity are known. The proposed model is semi-empirical and can be validated with experimental results obtained from the novel process simulation apparatus for internal crack erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at the University of Wollon- gong, Australia. All tests were conducted on erodible silty sand stabilized with cement and lignosulfonate. The model validation clearly indicates that only a fraction of the energy (efficiency index) from the water stream is effectively used for erosion. © 2009 NRC Canada.
Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Vinod, J & Khabbaz, H 2009, 'A Review of Ballast Characteristics, Geosynthetics, Confining Pressures and Native Vegetation in Rail Track Stabilisation', Transport Engineering in Australia, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 25-36.
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Given the increased demand for freight transport for the mining and agriculture industries, and for greater public transport via trains due to increased fuel costs, heavier cyclic loading on existing tracks is now inevitable. Construction of rail tracks requires appropriate ballast specification to increase stability and performance of railway tracks. This paper aims to demonstrate and discuss some major aspects in relation to stabilisation of ballasted rail tracks overlying soft formation soils using geocomposites, prefabricated vertical drains and native vegetation. The use of geocomposites (ie. bonded geogrid-geotextile layers) for enhancing the performance of fresh and recycled ballast is described, with the aim of achieving reduced track settlement, increased resilient modulus and decreased ballast degradation. The effects of increasing the confi ning pressure on rail track behaviour, particularly with regard to particle breakage, have been studied using large-scale laboratory tests under cyclic loads. An elastoplastic stress-strain constitutive model for ballast was developed at the University of Wollongong, incorporating the degradation of particles as a particular feature, was introduced by capturing the breakage of particles during shearing, and the effects of cyclic loading on particle degradation and plastic deformation. In addition, numerical simulation using discrete element method has been carried out an assembly of irregular particles to investigate the mechanism of ballast breakage and to quantify breakage in relation to the ballast particle size distribution.
INDRARATNA, B, VINOD, JS & LACKENBY, J 2009, 'Influence of particle breakage on the resilient modulus of railway ballast', Géotechnique, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 643-646.
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Numerous research studies have been carried out in the recent past to determine the influence on the resilient modulus of railway ballast of parameters such as stress history, number of loading cycles, density, grading, fines content, maximum grain size, aggregate type, particle shape and moisture content. However, the influence of particle breakage on the resilient modulus has not been described in depth. The current study highlights the influence of particle breakage on the resilient modulus of latite ballast (commonly used in railway track in New South Wales, Australia). Aggregate degradation is represented by the ballast breakage index (BBI). Laboratory test results indicate that the BBI has a profound influence on the resilient modulus of ballast. The resilient modulus increases with BBI, irrespective of the effective confining pressure. In addition, a simple hyperbolic relationship has been proposed between the resilient modulus MR and the bulk stress φ for latite ballast.
Ji, JC & Zhang, N 2009, 'Nonlinear response of a forced van der Pol-Duffing oscillator at non-resonant bifurcations of codimension two', CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 1467-1475.
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Non-resonant bifurcations of codimension two may appear in the controlled van der Pol-Duffing oscillator when two critical time delays corresponding to a double Hopf bifurcation have the same value. With the aid of centre manifold theorem and the method of multiple scales, the non-resonant response and two types of primary resonances of the forced van der Pol-Duffing oscillator at non-resonant bifurcations of codimension two are investigated by studying the possible solutions and their stability of the four-dimensional ordinary differential equations on the centre manifold. It is shown that the non-resonant response of the forced oscillator may exhibit quasi-periodic motions on a two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) torus. The primary resonant responses admit single and mixed solutions and may exhibit periodic motions or quasi-periodic motions on a 2D torus. Illustrative examples are presented to interpret the dynamics of the controlled system in terms of two dummy unfolding parameters and exemplify the periodic and quasi-periodic motions. The analytical predictions are found to be in good agreement with the results of numerical integration of the original delay differential equation. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ji, JC, Zhang, N & Gao, W 2009, 'Difference resonances in a controlled van der Pol-Duffing oscillator involving time delay', CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 975-980.
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A non-resonant interaction of two Hopf bifurcations may appear after the trivial solution of a controlled van der Pol-Duffing oscillator without external excitation loses its stability, when two critical time delays corresponding to two Hopf bifurcations have the same value. In the vicinity of the non-resonant Hopf bifurcations, the presence of a periodic excitation in the controlled oscillator can induce difference resonances in the forced response, when the forcing frequency and the frequencies of the two Hopf bifurcations satisfy certain relationships. It is found that the frequency response curves of the controlled system under difference resonances are an isolated closed curve. The difference resonance response may admit two stable motions on a three-dimensional torus consisting of three frequencies. Illustrative examples are given to show the quasi-periodic motions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lee, S & Pradhan, B 2009, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis: backpropagation artificial neural networks and their comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modelling'.
LEEDHAM, G, MA, Y & BLUMENSTEIN, M 2009, 'HANDWRITTEN SHORTHAND AND ITS FUTURE POTENTIAL FOR FAST MOBILE TEXT ENTRY', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 05, pp. 1031-1051.
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Handwritten shorthand systems were devised to enable writers to record information on paper at fast speeds, ideally at the speed of speech. While they have been in existence for many years it is only since the 17th Century that widespread usage appeared. Several shorthand systems flourished in the first half of the 20th century until the introduction and widespread use of electronic recording and dictation machines in the 1970's. Since then, shorthand usage has been in rapid decline, but has not yet become a lost skill. Pitman shorthand has been shown to possess unique advantages as a means of fast text entry which is particularly applicable to hand-held devices in mobile environments. This paper presents progress and critical research issues for a Pitman/Renqun Shorthand Online Recognition System. Recognition and transcription experiments are reported which indicate that a correct recognition and transcription rate of around 90% is currently possible.
Li, Y, Li, J, Samali, B & Wang, J 2009, 'Design considerations and experimental studies on semi-active smart pin joint', Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 363-370.
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Hostile dynamic loadings such as severe wind storms, earthquakes, and sudden impacts can cause severe damage to many civil engineering structures. An intelligent structural system equipped with smart structural members that are controllable in real-time is an effective solution to structural damage and failure during such situations. Civil intelligent structures with controllable properties to adapt to any changes due to dynamic loadings can lead to effective protection of structures and their occupants. In this paper, design and testing of a semi-active magnetorheological (MR) pin joint, in which the moment resistance can be controlled in real-time by altering the magnetic field, is reported with the view of using it as a potential candidate for smart members in the development of intelligent structures. Design of prototype smart pin joints includes theoretical analysis related to the radius of the rotary plate, the property of MR fluids and the gap between the rotary plate and the casing based on the requirements of the dynamics of MR pin joints. FEM analysis was deployed to study the distribution of the magnetic field along the gap. It is found, from the theoretical analysis and experimental verification, that the MR pin joint with a diameter of 180 mm can produce a torque of up to 30 Nm, which meets requirements for semi-active members in a multi-storey prototype building model in the next stage of research and development. © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag 2009.
Mahmoud, A, Shendi, M, Pradhan, B & Attia, F 2009, 'Utilization of remote sensing data and GIS tools for and use sustainability analysis: case study in El-Hammam area, Egypt', Open Geosciences, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 347-367.
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Abstract The North-Western Coast of Egypt (NWCE) represents one of the high priority regions for future development in the country. El-Hammam area is located in the NWCE with an area of 94752 acres and is one of the main challenging regions for sustaianble development. In this study, we have used remote sensing and soil data in combination with GIS tools, for land use sustainable analysis (SLU) in El-Hammam area. The SLU was established based on various factors such as: land capability and suitability, water resources availability, economic return from water and financial return from land and water. A physiographic soil map for the study area was prepared using remote sensing and GIS. Multiple field surveys were carried out for collecting information on various soil map units (SMUs) and their profiles. Laboratory analysis for the collected samples was performed, and then the soil properties were stored as attributes in a geographical soil database linked with the SMUs. Furthermore, land capability assessment was done to define the suitable areas for agricultural production using a capability model built in ALES software. Results indicate that the area currently lacks high capability and moderate capability classes. By improving the soil properties, the soil can attain potential capability; and 55630 acres will become marginally capable. The assessment of soil physical suitability for different land use types (LUTs) were analysed in ALES software, in order to generate the most suitable areas. The results from the land suitability analysis indicated that, 17114 acres are moderately suitable for wheat and sorghum; whereas 15823 acres are moderately suitable for barley and 12752 acres are moderately suitable for maize, olive and figs. Finally, the SLU was investigated based on two scenarios; (1) the most SLU under the conditions of shortage of irrigation water: clover, barley and sorghum against figs, as the i...
Mahmud, A, Setiawan, I, Mansor, S, Shariff, A, Pradhan, B & Nuruddin, A 2009, 'Utilization of geoinformation tools for the development of forest fire hazard mapping system: example of Pekan fire, Malaysia', Open Geosciences, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 456-462.
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Abstract A study in modeling fire hazard assessment will be essential in establishing an effective forest fire management system especially in controlling and preventing peat fire. In this paper, we have used geographic information system (GIS), in combination with other geoinformation technologies such as remote sensing and computer modeling, for all aspects of wild land fire management. Identifying areas that have a high probability of burning is an important component of fire management planning. The development of spatially explicit GIS models has greatly facilitated this process by allowing managers to map and analyze variables contributing to fire occurrence across large, unique geographic units. Using the model and its associated software engine, the fire hazard map was produced. Extensive avenue programming scripts were written to provide additional capabilities in the development of these interfaces to meet the full complement of operational software considering various users requirements. The system developed not only possesses user friendly step by step operations to deliver the fire vulnerability mapping but also allows authorized users to edit, add or modify parameters whenever necessary. Results from the model can support fire hazard mapping in the forest and enhance alert system function by simulating and visualizing forest fire and helps for contingency planning.
Mousavi, SR, Pirasteh, S & Amani, A 2009, 'Landslides and Active Faults Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Central Alborz Mountains, Iran', DISASTER ADVANCES, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 24-29.
Nazem, M, Carter, JP, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2009, 'Alternative stress-integration schemes for large-deformation problems of solid mechanics', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 934-943.
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Oliveira, DAF, Indraratna, B & Nemcik, J 2009, 'Critical review on shear strength models for soil-infilled joints', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 237-244.
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An infilled rock joint is likely to be the weakest plane in a rock mass. The presence of infill material within the joint significantly reduces the friction of the discontinuity boundaries (i.e. rock to rock contact of the joint walls). The thicker the infill, the smaller the shear strength of the rock joint. Once the infill reaches a critical thickness, the infill material governs the overall shear strength, and the joint walls (rock) play no significant role. Several models have been proposed to predict the peak shear strength of soil-infilled joints under both constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions, taking into account the ratio of infill thickness (t) to the height of the joint wall asperity (a). CNS models provide a more realistic picture of the soil-infilled joint behaviour in the field. This paper presents a critical review on the existing mathematical models for predicting the shear strength of soil-infilled rock joint and verifies the normalised peak shear stress model with further laboratory investigations carried out on idealised saw-tooth rock joints at the University of Wollongong. Based on the prediction of the experimental data, the normalised peak shear stress model is slightly modified by the authors. A simplified approach for using this model in practice is presented and a new expression for prediction of dilatation at peak shear stress is suggested.
Pedroso, DM, Sheng, D & Zhao, J 2009, 'The concept of reference curves for constitutive modelling in soil mechanics', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 36, no. 1-2, pp. 149-165.
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Pirasteh, S, Tripathi, NK, Mansor, S, Pradhan, B & Ramli, MF 2009, 'Landscapes rendition in Zagros Mountain, Iran using geoinformation technology', J Geom, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 17.
Pradhan, B 2009, 'Effective Flood Monitoring System Using GIT Tools and Remote Sensing Data', Applied Geoinformatics for Society and Environment, pp. 63-71.
Pradhan, B 2009, 'Flood susceptible mapping and risk area delineation using logistic regression, GIS and remote sensing', Journal of Spatial Hydrology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1-18.
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Recently, in the year 2006, 2007 and 2008 heavy monsoons rainfall have triggered floods along Malaysia's east coast as well as in different parts of the country. The hardest hit areas are along the east coast of peninsular Malaysia in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. The flood cost nearly millions of dollars of property and many lives. Foods are considered to be one of the weather-related natural disasters. Many methods exist to provide qualitative estimations of the risk level of flood susceptibility mapping within a watershed. This paper presents construction of a flood susceptible map for presumptive flood areas around at Kelantan river basin in Malaysia using a statistical model and GIS. To evaluate the factors related to flood susceptible analysis, a spatial database was constructed from a topographical map, geological map, hydrological map, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, land cover map, digital elevation model (DEM) data, and precipitation data. An attribute database was also constructed from field investigations and historical flood areas reports for the study area. Logistic regression model was applied to determine each factor's rating, and the ratings were overlaid for flood susceptibility mapping. Results indicate that flood prone areas can be performed at 1:25,000 which is comparable to some conventional flood hazard map scales. The flood prone areas delineated on these maps correspond to areas that would be inundated by significant flooding. Further, risk analysis has been performed using DEM, distance from hazard zone, land cover map and damageable objects at risk. DEM was used to delineate the catchments and served as a mask to extract the highest hazard zones of the landslide area. Qualitatively, the model seems to give reasonable results with accuracy observed was 85%.
Pradhan, B 2009, 'Groundwater potential zonation for basaltic watersheds using satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques', Open Geosciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 120-129.
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AbstractThis paper summarizes the findings of groundwater potential zonation mapping at the Bharangi River basin, Thane district, Maharastra, India, using Satty’s Analytical Hierarchal Process model with the aid of GIS tools and remote sensing data. To meet the objectives, remotely sensed data were used in extracting lineaments, faults and drainage pattern which influence the groundwater sources to the aquifer. The digitally processed satellite images were subsequently combined in a GIS with ancillary data such as topographical (slope, drainage), geological (litho types and lineaments), hydrogeomorphology and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing tools. In this study, six thematic layers were used for groundwater potential analysis. Each thematic layer’s weight was determined, and groundwater potential indices were calculated using groundwater conditions. The present study has demonstrated the capabilities of remote sensing and GIS techniques in the demarcation of different groundwater potential zones for hard rock basaltic basin.
Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2009, 'Landslide risk analysis using artificial neural network model focussing on different training sites', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2009, 'Landslide risk analysis using artificial neural network model focussing on different training sites', International Journal of Physical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 01-015.
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This paper presents landslide hazard and risk analysis using remote sensing data, GIS tools and artificial neural network model. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. These factors were used with artificial neural network to analyze landslide hazard. Each factor's weight was determined by the back-propagation training method. Then the landslide hazard indices were calculated using the trained back-propagation weights, and the landslide hazard map was created using GIS tools. Landslide locations were used to verify results of the landslide hazard maps and to compare them. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data and compared with neural network model with all cases. The accuracy observed was 83, 72, 82, 79 and 81% for training sites 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. GIS data was used to efficiently analyze the large volume of data, and the artificial neural network proved to be an effective tool for landslide hazard analysis. Further, risk analysis has been performed using DEM, distance from hazard zone, land cover map and damageable objects at risk. DEM was used to delineate the catchments and served as a mask to extract the highest hazard zones of the landslide area. Risk map was produced using map overlying techniques in GIS. This information could be used to estimate the risk to population, property and existing infrastructure like transportation network. © 2009 Academic Journals.
Pradhan, B & Suleiman, Z 2009, 'Landcover mapping and spectral analysis using multi-sensor satellite data fusion techniques: case study in Tioman Island, Malaysia', Journal of Geomatics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 71-78.
Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2009, 'Use of geospatial data and fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide-hazard mapping', Applied Geomatics, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 3-15.
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Pradhan, B, Shafiee, M & Pirasteh, S 2009, 'Maximum flood prone area mapping using RADARSAT images and GIS: Kelantan river Basin', International Journal of Geoinformatics, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 11-23.
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This paper summarizes the findings of the maximum flood prone area mapping at Kelantan river basin, Malaysia, using multiple logistic regression model with the aid of GIS tools and remote sensing data. To map the maximum flood prone areas, at first the flood extent areas were extracted from RADARSAT 1 images and supported with ground data, existing reports and field notes. To evaluate the factors associated with flood prone areas, a spatial database was constructed from a topographical map, geological map, hydrological map, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, land cover map, SPOT 5 satellite image, digital elevation model (DEM), and precipitation data. Nine major parameters were extracted for the logistic regression analysis to determine each factor's rating, and the ratings were computed for flood prone area mapping analysis. Results indicate that flood prone area mapping which can be termed as susceptibility map can be performed at 1:25,000 which is comparable to some conventional medium scaled flood hazard map. The flood prone areas delineated on these map correspond to areas that would be inundated by significant flooding (approximately the 100 year flood). Qualitatively, the model seems to give reasonable results with accuracy observed was 84%. © Geoinformatics International.
Regmi, G, Indraratna, B & Nghiem, LD 2009, 'Effective remediation of groundwater in acid sulphate soil terrain', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 33-40.
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Acidic groundwater, generated from acid sulphate soil (ASS), is a major geo-environmental problem in Australia. Manipulation of groundwater through the use of weirs and gates in the nearby creeks and drains of ASS, which is being practised right now for preventing pyrite oxidation, is not effective in low land floodplains due to the risk of flooding. The application of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) can be an alternative for remediation of acidic groundwater in such floodplains. Laboratory column experiments were carried out prior to installation of the PRB for examining the efficiency of the material. Results of these experiments have shown that recycled concrete could effectively neutralise the acidic water for longer periods with complete removal of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe). Despite the reduction of the efficiency of the recycled concrete due to armouring by accumulated precipitates of Al and Fe, excellent performance was observed for an extended period under controlled laboratory condition. Following these results, a pilot PRB was installed in the Broughton Creek flood plains in southeast NSW to observe its performance under varying natural conditions of the field. The PRB has been maintaining near neutral pH with complete removal of Al and Fe from the groundwater of ASS matching with the results of column test. The promising performance of the pilot PRB for the last three years shows that PRB can be used as one of the cost effective and environmental friendly alternative to other recently utilised techniques in ASS.
Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Design procedure for vertical drains considering a linear variation of lateral permeability within the smear zone', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 270-280.
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A system of vertical drains with surcharge preloading is an effective method for promoting radial drainage and accelerated soil consolidation. This study presents a procedure for the design of vertical drains that significantly extends the previous technique proposed by the authors to include: (i) a linear reduction of lateral permeability in the smear zone, (ii) the effect of overlapping smear zones in a closely spaced drain network, and (iii) the gain in undrained shear strength due to consolidation. Design examples are provided for both single stage and multi-stage embankment construction demonstrating the convenient use of the proposed solutions in practical situations.
Safari, HO, Pirasteh, S & Pradhan, B 2009, 'Upliftment Estimation of the Zagros Transverse Fault in Iran Using Geoinformatics Technology', Remote Sensing, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 1240-1256.
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Saied, P, Bismajeet, P & Amir, M 2009, 'Stability Mapping and Landslide Recognition in Zagros Mountain South West Iran: A Case Study', DISASTER ADVANCES, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 47-53.
SHANG, F, ABOLHASAN, M & WYSOCKI, T 2009, 'AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT ADAPTIVE CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS', International Journal of Information Acquisition, vol. 06, no. 02, pp. 117-126.
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In this paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station (via clusterheads). This paper focuses on reducing the power consumption of wireless sensor networks. We first extend LEACH's stochastic clusterhead selection algorithm by an average energy-based (LEACH-AE) deterministic component to reduce energy consumption. And then an unequal clustering idea is introduced to further reduce energy consumption of clusterheads. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network life by up to 38% before the first node dies in the network. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the existing clustering algorithms such as LEACH, DCHS, LEACH-C.
Shang, FJ, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2009, 'Distributed energy efficient unequal clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks', Tongxin Xuebao/Journal on Communications, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 34-43.
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A distributed energy-efficient unequal clustering (DEEUC) algorithm was proposed for wireless sensor networks by research current routing algorithms. The core of DEEUC has three parts. Firstly, when tentative clusterheads are selected, an average energy factor was introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network nodes so that it may improve the network energy efficiency. Secondly, an energy consumption ratio function was proposed to balance energy-efficient of each node. Finally, an unequal clustering algorithm was proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that DEEUC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against the other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, DEEUC may prolong the lifetime up to 30% against EECS.
Sheng, D, Gens, A, Fredlund, DG & Sloan, SW 2009, 'Reply to Comments on “Unsaturated soils: From constitutive modelling to numerical algorithms” by Daichao Sheng, Antonio Gens, Delwyn G. Fredlund and Scott W. Sloan [Computers and Geotechnics 35(6) (2008) 810–824] by Jingshuang Li, Yichuan Xing and Yujing Hou', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1100-1100.
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Sheng, D, Nazem, M & Carter, JP 2009, 'Some computational aspects for solving deep penetration problems in geomechanics', Computational Mechanics, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 549-561.
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Walker, R & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Consolidation analysis of a stratified soil with vertical and horizontal drainage using the spectral method', Géotechnique, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 439-449.
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A novel use of the spectral method to determine excess pore water pressure during vertical consolidation of multi-layered soil with time constant material properties is presented, considering a unit cell with combined vertical and radial drainage. Equal strain conditions are assumed in the analysis. The novel adoption of material properties that vary in a linear fashion with depth allows arbitrary distributions of properties to be modelled. By incorporating surcharge and vacuum loading that vary with both depth and time, a wide range of consolidation problems can be analysed. The spectral method is a meshless approach producing a series solution to the consolidation problem based on matrix operations. Accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of terms used in the series solution. The model is verified by the analysis of selected case studies characterised by: analytical free strain consolidation with thin sand layers (surcharge only); laboratory test and embankment trial with surcharge and vacuum loading; and ground subsidence caused by groundwater pumping.
Walker, R, Indraratna, B & Sivakugan, N 2009, 'Vertical and Radial Consolidation Analysis of Multilayered Soil Using the Spectral Method', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 135, no. 5, pp. 657-663.
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Yang Wang 2009, 'Real-Time Moving Vehicle Detection With Cast Shadow Removal in Video Based on Conditional Random Field', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 437-441.
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Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B, Gaber, AFD & Buchroithner, MF 2009, 'Geomorphological hazard analysis along the Egyptian Red Sea coast between Safaga and Quseir', Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 751-766.
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Abstract. Geomophological hazard assessment is an important component of natural hazard risk assessment. This paper presents GIS-based geomorphological hazard mapping in the Red Sea area between Safaga and Quseir, Egypt. This includes the integration of published geological, geomorphological, and other data into GIS, and generation of new map products, combining governmental concerns and legal restrictions. Detailed geomorphological hazard maps for flooding zones and earth movement potential, especially along the roads and railways, have been prepared. Further the paper illustrates the application of vulnerability maps dealing with the effect of hazard on urban areas, tourist villages, industrial facilities, quarries, and road networks. These maps can help to initiate appropriate measures to mitigate the probable hazards in the area.
Zhou, A & Sheng, D 2009, 'Yield stress, volume change, and shear strength behaviour of unsaturated soils: validation of the SFG model', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 1034-1045.
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The model recently presented by Sheng, Fredlund, and Gens, known as the SFG model, provides a consistent explanation of yield stress, shear strength, and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils as functions of suction. All these functions are based on one single equation that defines the volume change with suction and stress changes. This paper provides a systematic validation of the equation and the derived shear strength criterion against experimental data. The experimental data used include those for samples prepared from slurry soils and compacted soils. It is shown that (i) the method currently used to determine yield stresses of unsaturated soils is incorrect, (ii) volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils can be well predicted by the SFG model, and (iii) shear strength behaviour of unsaturated soils can be represented very well by the criterion in the SFG model.
Abolhasan, M, Hagelstein, B & Wang, JC-P 1970, 'Real-world performance of current proactive multi-hop mesh protocols', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 44-47.
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The proliferation of mesh or ad hoc network protocols has lead to a push for protocol standardisation. While there are a number of both open-source and proprietary mesh routing protocols being developed, there is only a small amount of literature available that shows relative strengths and weaknesses of different protocols. This paper investigates the performance of a number of available routing protocols using a real-world testbed. Three routing protocols - optimised link state routing (OLSR), better approach to mobile ad hoc network (B.A.T.M.A.N.) and BABEL - were chosen for this study. Our investigations focus on the multi-hopping performance and the ability of each routing protocol to recover from link failures. Our results show that B.A.T.M.A.N. and BABEL outperform OLSR both in terms of multi-hopping performance and in route re-discovery latency.
Al Aamri, H, Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & IEEE 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery in Absence of Previous Route Information in MANETs', 2009 IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5, 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 63-67.
AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery in Absence of Previous Route Information in MANETs', VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009 IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference Spring, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-5.
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This paper present a new routing protocol for Ad hoc networks, called On-demand Tree-based Routing Protocol (OTRP). This protocol combines the idea of hop-by-hop routing such as AODV with an efficient route discovery algorithm called Tree-based Optimized Flooding (TOF) to improve scalability of Ad hoc networks when there is no previous knowledge about the destination. To achieve this in OTRP, route discovery overheads are minimized by selectively flooding the network through a limited set of nodes, referred to as branching-nodes. The theoretical analysis and simulation results showed that OTRP outperforms AODV, DYMO, and OLSR and it reduces overheads as number of nodes and traffic increase.
AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 1970, 'Routing metric for multi-interface and power-aware nodes in heterogeneous MANETs', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 372-375.
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This paper presents heterogeneity ratio (HR) as a new routing metric for heterogeneous MANETs. This metric is the ratio of number of powerful nodes to hop count that is used to select the best path to destination. Node heterogeneity is modeled in terms of: types and number of different interfaces, power, and transmission ranges. Our proposed routing metric is based on developing route discovery algorithm that is implemented on the top of on-demand tree-based routing protocol (OTRP)[2] to accommodate nodes heterogeneity. Simulation results show that using HR with OTRP heterogeneity aware outperforms other metrics like minimal hop count and maximal number of powerful nodes.
Alavi, A, Cavanagh, B, Tuxworth, G, Meedeniya, A, Mackay-Sim, A & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Automated classification of dopaminergic neurons in the rodent brain', 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2009 - Atlanta), IEEE, pp. 81-88.
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Accurate morphological characterization of the multiple neuronal classes of the brain would facilitate the elucidation of brain function and the functional changes that underlie neurological disorders such as Parkinson's diseases or Schizophrenia. Manual morphological analysis is very timeconsuming and suffers from a lack of accuracy because some cell characteristics are not readily quantified. This paper presents an investigation in automating the classification of dopaminergic neurons located in the brainstem of the rodent, a region critical to the regulation of motor behaviour and is implicated in multiple neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. Using a Carl Zeiss Axioimager Z1 microscope with Apotome, salient information was obtained from images of dopaminergic neurons using a structural feature extraction technique. A data set of 100 images of neurons was generated and a set of 17 features was used to describe their morphology. In order to identify differences between neurons, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional image representations were analyzed. This paper compares the performance of three popular classification methods in bioimage classification (Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNNs) and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR)), and the results show a significant difference between machine classification (with 97% accuracy) and human expert based classification (72% accuracy). © 2009 IEEE.
Aoki, Y, Sri Ravindrarajah, R & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Effect Of Fly Ash Performance Of Pervious Concrete', Ninth ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete and Tenth ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues - SUPPLEMENTARY PAPERS, ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete and Tenth ACI International Conference onRecent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues, ACI International Conference, Seville, Spain, pp. 511-520.
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Production of good quality pervious concrete is necessary to meet specification requirements for the construction of durable concrete pervious pavements. This paper reports and discusses the results of an experimental investigation into the physical and engineering properties ofpervious concrete having varying amounts of fly ash as the cement replacement material. The following properties were studied: porosity density, compressive strength weight loss on drying, free drying shrinkage and water permeability. The results thowed that porosity has significant effect on compressive strength and permeability of pervioos concrete. Replacement of cement with fly ash up to 50%, by mass ofbinder, had no significant effect on the water permeability and shrinkage ofshe pervious concrete, although marginal effect on strength was noticed.
Bang Zhang, Getian Ye, Yang Wang, Jie Xu & Herman, G 1970, 'Finding shareable informative patterns and optimal coding matrix for multiclass boosting', 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 56-63.
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Cai, C, Hengst, B, Ye, G, Huang, E, Wang, Y, Aydos, C & Geers, G 1970, 'On the performance of adaptive traffic signal control', Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '09: 17th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, pp. 37-42.
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In this paper, we present a study in understanding sensing error's impact on traffic signal control performance. Adaptive traffic signal control systems depend on information from traffic sensors to interpret the state of traffic. Signal timings are adjusted at real time according to the state of traffic. Queue length is an important element of the state of traffic, and errors in estimating queue length influences control decision and hence the performance. This paper presents the first attempt to quantify the effects of sensing error on control performance in the field of traffic control. A novel technique to estimate queue length using data from single loop detector is presented, and estimations are compared with parallel observations. The results show that moderate overestimation of queue length may significantly improve control performance. The benefit from overestimation suggests including arriving traffic in system state, and using look-ahead algorithms to calculate signal timings. Copyright © 2009 ACM.
Cha, DH, Zhang, H, Blumenstein, M & Jeng, DS 1970, 'Accurate prediction of wave-induced seabed liquefaction at shallow depths using multi-artificial neural networks', Journal of Coastal Research, pp. 927-931.
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In past decades, considerable effort has been devoted to the phenomenon of wave-induced liquefaction, because it is one of the most important factors for analysing the seabed and designing marine structures. As waves propagate and fluctuate over the ocean surface, energy is carried within the medium of the water particles. This energy could be transmitted into the seabed, which results in the rather complex mechanisms of soil behaviour and significantly affects the stability of the seabed. The prediction of wave-induced seabed liquefaction has been recognised by coastal geotechnical engineers as an important factor when considering the design of marine structures. All existing models have been based on conventional approaches of engineering mechanics with limited laboratory work. In the authors' previous study, a Single Artificial Neural Network (SANN) was applied for the prediction of wave-induced seabed liquefaction. It had been demonstrated that SANN model's performance can be accepted in engineering practice with large liquefaction depth. However, it failed if the liquefied depth is very small such as less than 1 m. Therefore, in the present study, the Multi Artificial Neural Network (MANN) model was introduced. The simulation results indicate that the MANN model can provide more accurate prediction of the wave-induced maximum liquefaction depth between 0 to 1m. This study has shown the capacity of the proposed MANN model and provides coastal engineers with another effective tool to analyse the stability of the marine sediment.
Choudhury, D & Nimbalkar, S 1970, 'Seismic stability of tailings dam by using pseudo-dynamic method', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 1542-1545.
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Seismic stability of tailings dams and embankments is an important topic which needs the special assessments by the researchers as it is mainly governed by the safety concerns. Several researchers in the past had attempted to investigate the seismic stability of earthen dams and embankments by using conventional pseudo-static method of analysis. However, the crude estimate of finding the approximate seismic acceleration makes the pseudo-static approach too conservative to adopt in the stability assessment. Although a few researchers in the recent past highlighted the limitations and drawbacks of the pseudo-static approach, there are very limited studies being reported worldwide for the seismic stability assessment of earthen dams and embankments by using alternative methods of analysis. In this paper, a recently developed and modified pseudo-dynamic method of analysis is used to compute the seismic inertia forces acting on the sliding wedge of the tailings dam by considering the effects of time of seismic accelerations, phase differences in the propagating shear and primary waves in the soil during an earthquake, frequency of earthquake excitation etc. with the horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations. The factor of safety decreases with increase in the seismic accelerations and phase difference in body waves. Influence of various parameters such as seismic acceleration coefficients, period of lateral shaking on seismic stability of tailings dam are studied under harmonic seismic loading conditions for both empty and full water cases. Present results are compared with the pseudo-static based solutions to validate the findings of the pseudo-dynamic method of analysis. © 2009 IOS Press.
Christie, D, Nimbalkar, S & Indraratna, B 1970, 'The performance of rail track incorporating the effects of ballast breakage, confining pressure and geosynthetic reinforcement', Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 8th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, CRC Press, Champaign, IL, pp. 5-24.
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Rail tracks are often placed on ballast which offers the desirable resiliency to cyclic loads. However ballasted beds need periodic maintenance due to deformation and degradation associated with breakage and fouling. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and their effect on ballast breakage are prerequisites for minimizing maintenance costs. Recycled ballast is a cheaper and environmentally viable option but its strength characteristics need to be investigated beforehand. This paper demonstrates the analytical, numerical and laboratory investigations carried out to investigate the geotechnical behavior of ballast, including shear strength, ballast breakage, and confining pressure. The potential use of geosynthetics for improving the stability and drainage of railway tracks under high monotonic and cyclic loading is also studied. Field tests were carried out to measure the in-situ stresses of ballast on a section of instrumented track funded and built by RailCorp, Australia. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Herman, G, Ye, G, Yang Wang, Jie Xu & Bang Zhang 1970, 'Multi-instance learning with relational information of instances', 2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE.
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Multi-instance learning (MIL) has many applications, including image and text categorization. One of the most effective approaches to MIL is by using Support Vector Machines with multi-instance kernels. In this paper we propose a multi-instance kernel, called MIR-Kernel, that takes into account the relational information of instances when computing similarities between bags. The relational information of instances are derived from the statistics of the distances between instances in feature space. The aim of MIR-Kernel is to efficiently capture the context in which instances occur within bags, so that it is able to better compute the similarities between bags. Experimental results on image and text categorization demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to other methods. © 2009 IEEE.
Indraratna, B 1970, 'Technical Session 4a: Ground improvement/grouting/dredging', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 3319-3335.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Kelly, R 1970, 'Modelling of combined vacuum and surcharge preloading with vertical drains', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 2204-2207.
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In this study, 2D and 3D numerical analyses were conducted to predict embankment behaviour on soft clay foundations stabilised by Combined Vacuum and Surcharge Preloading. To determine the equivalent plane strain permeability, a revised conversion procedure for plane strain condition considering linear permeability variation in the smear zone is proposed. The equivalent permeability coefficients are then incorporated in finite element codes, employing the modified Cam-clay theory. The advantages and limitations of vacuum application through vertical drains are discussed through two selected case histories from China and Australia and the predictions are compared with the available field data. Apart from realistic 3D numerical modelling, it is demonstrated that the equivalent plane strain analysis can now be used as a predictive tool with acceptable accuracy. © 2009 IOS Press.
Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Kelly, R & Buys, H 1970, 'Soft Soil Foundation Improved by Vacuum and Surcharge Preloading at Ballina Bypass, Australia', Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories, International Symposium on Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories, Research Publishing Services, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 95-105.
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Joorabchi, A, Zhang, H & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Application of artificial neural networks to groundwater dynamics in coastal aquifers', Journal of Coastal Research, pp. 966-970.
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In the present study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are adopted to simulate groundwater table fluctuations. A multilayer feed-forward neural network model has been developed and trained using a back-propagation algorithm. The training data was based on field measurements (KANG et al., 1994) from five different locations down the east coast of Australia. The data included information on watertable, tide elevation, beach slopes and hydraulic conductivity at each beach. The results from the developed model show that the artificial neural network model is very successful in terms of the prediction of a target that is dependent on a number of variables. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken which confirmed that a variation in tide elevation is the most important parameter to use for simulating groundwater levels in coastal aquifers.
Jun Yang, Yang Wang, Getian Ye, Arcot Sowmya, Bang Zhang & Jie Xu 1970, 'Feature clustering for vehicle detection and tracking in road traffic surveillance', 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009, IEEE, Cairo, EGYPT, pp. 1145-1148.
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Khabbaz, H & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Development of a Smart Tool for Capturing Novel Advancement in Ballasted Rail Track Substructure', Congress e-Proceedings, 8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, International Congress on Civil Engineering, Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering Of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, pp. 1-8.
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The obligation of keeping a competitive edge against other means of transportation has increased the pressure on the railway industry to improve its efficiency and decrease the maintenance costs. In this paper, several innovative solutions are presented to improve the rail track foundations including optimum particle ballast grading and confining pressure as well as stabilising tracks overlying soft soils employing different techniques. A smart tool for predicting the performance of rail track substructure is also developed. This smart tool provides the user optimum construction parameters and required geotechnical properties according to various subgrade conditions, train loads and speeds.
Mansor, S, Taher, S, Marghany, M, Pradhan, B & Mahmud, AR 1970, 'Sea Surface Salinity Algorithm from MODIS Data', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 1799.
Nguyen, V, Blumenstein, M & Leedham, G 1970, 'Global Features for the Off-Line Signature Verification Problem', 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, IEEE, pp. 1300-1304.
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Global features based on the boundary of a signature and its projections are described for enhancing the process of automated signature verification. The first global feature is derived from the total 'energy' a writer uses to create their signature. The second feature employs information from the vertical and horizontal projections of a signature, focusing on the proportion of the distance between key strokes in the image, and the height/width of the signature. The combination of these features with the Modified Direction Feature (MDF) and the ratio feature showed promising results for the off-line signature verification problem. When being trained using 12 genuine specimens and 400 random forgeries taken from a publicly available database, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier obtained an average error rate (AER) of 17.25%. The false acceptance rate (FAR) for random forgeries was also kept as low as 0.08%. © 2009 IEEE.
Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Non-linear analysis of brake squeal', 16th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2009, ICSV 2009, pp. 1116-1123.
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Transportation noise has received increasingly more attention in the last decade from the environmental point of view but also from customers. In the case of cars, manufacturers have focussed on reducing the overall car's noise level. As a result, engine, gearboxes and the overall drive train have seen a reduction sound emission. Because of this overall reduction, brake squeal becomes even more audible. Brake squeal is a constant annoyance for customers and a significant cost factor for the car industry due to warranty claims. Brake squeal is self-sustained friction-induced noise and various mechanisms have been shown to be capable of causing unstable vibration behaviour, for example, sprag-slip, stick-slip or mode coupling. Usually disc brake squeal is analysed by means of linear methods such as the complex eigenvalue method employed in finite element analysis as virtually an industry standard. However, brake squeal is intrinsically a transient and non-linear process, the geometry is complex, the material properties and contact conditions between brake pads and the brake disc are difficult to be determined exactly. As a result, prediction of brake squeal propensity is difficult to be realised in the near future. In this study, a new approach to brake squeal is undertaken by performing non-linear time series analysis of data obtained from an accelerometer and a microphone of a brake system in a dynamometer. New insight into brake squeal will be discussed.
Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Numerical prediction of brake squeal propensity using acoustic power calculation', Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society 2009 - Acoustics 2009: Research to Consulting, pp. 111-118.
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Both low- and high-frequency disc brake squeal, first studied some 80 years ago, remain of concern to automotive NVH departments due to customer warranty claims. Despite both intensive and extensive research, disc brake squeal is still not well understood. It is a very complex problem which involves many different disciplines, such as tribology, structural vibration, acoustic radiation and dynamic instabilities. While there has been considerable research in the first two areas (tribology and vibration analysis), the prediction of brake squeal through acoustic radiation calculations using numerical methods has remained largely unexplored. In this paper, the influence of the geometrical designs of brake pad on brake squeal is studied using a simplified brake setup consisting of an annular disc in contact with one brake pad. The various configurations of a brake pad studied here has been influenced by those used in the industrial testing of a full brake system. In this study, unstable vibration modes were first identified by the conventional complex eigenvalue analysis of a finite element model of the simplified brake system. Then, the acoustic power was calculated for a range of frequencies and friction coefficients using the acoustic boundary element method. It is shown that the performance of the various pads, in terms of brake squeal propensity caused by their geometric differences, could be ranked based on contour plots of acoustic power with friction coefficient and frequency as the independent variables. These results indicate that the inclusion of acoustic power calculations, following a complex eigenvalue analysis of unstable vibration modes, provides improved prediction of brake squeal propensity.
Pradhan, B 1970, 'Hot spot detection and monitoring using MODIS and NOAAAVHRR images for wild fire emergency preparedness', Proceedings of the 2nd Applied Geoinformatics for Society and Environment (AGSE) conference, pp. 53-61.
Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'Manifestation of likelihood ratio and advanced fuzzy logic model for tropical rainfall induced landslide analysis', 11th Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms, held September 7-10, 2009 in Barcelona, Spain. http://meetings. copernicus. org/plinius11, id. Plinius11-21.
Pradhan, B, Bolch, T & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'Elevation modeling using radargrammetry: Case study from Malaysia', Proc. AGILE, pp. 1-11.
Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, MF & Mansor, S 1970, 'Assessment of neural network, frequency ratio and regression models for landslide susceptibility analysis', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 264.
Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'Cross-application of artificial neural network model for landslide susceptibility analysis', Proceedings, 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE 2009, pp. 547-550.
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This paper presents cross application of landslide susceptibility analysis in Malaysia, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical, geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. There are about ten landslide occurrence factors were selected and these factors were analyzed using an advanced artificial neural network model to generate the landslide susceptibility map. Each factor's weight was determined by the back-propagation training method. Then the landslide susceptibility indices were calculated using the trained back-propagation weights, and finally the landslide susceptibility map was generated using GIS tools. For the verification and cross-verification, the weights of the each study area were applied to each study areas.
Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'GIS application on spatial landslide analysis using statistical based models', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Europe Remote Sensing, SPIE, pp. 74781B-74781B.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'Landslide risk analysis using fuzzy logic based geospatial model and geinformation techniques', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 265.
Regmi, G, Indraratna, B & Nghiem, LD 1970, 'Long-term Performance of a Permeable Reactive Barrier in Acid Sulphate Soil Terrain', Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 409-419.
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Deep drainage technique utilised for flood mitigation in low-land coastal areas of Australia during the late 1960s has resulted in the generation of sulphuric acid in soil by the oxidation of pyritic materials. Further degradation of the subsurface environment with widespread contamination of the underlying soil and groundwater presents a major and challenging environmental issue in acid sulphate soil (ASS) terrains. Although several ASS remediation techniques recently implemented in the floodplain of Southeast Australia including operation of gates, tidal buffering and lime injections could significantly control the pyrite oxidation, they could not improve the long-term water quality. More recently, permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) filled with waste concrete aggregates have received considerable attention as an innovative, cost-effective technology for passive in situ clean up of groundwater contamination. However, long-term efficiency of these PRBs for treating acidic groundwater has not been established. This study analyses and evaluates the performance of a field PRB for treating the acidic water over 2.5 years. The pilot-scale alkaline PRB consisting of recycled concrete was installed in October 2006 at a farm of southeast New South Wales for treating ASS-impacted groundwater. Monitoring data of groundwater quality over a 30 month period were assessed to evaluate the long-term performance of the PRB. Higher pH value (∼pH 7) of the groundwater immediately downstream of the PRB and higher rates of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) removal efficiency (>95%) over this study period indicates that recycled concrete could successfully treat acidic groundwater. However, the overall pH neutralising capacity of the materials within the barrier declined with time from an initial pH 10.2 to pH 7.3. The decline in the performance with time was possibly due to the armouring of the reactive material surface by the mineral precipitates in the form of iron and aluminium hydroxi...
Sheng, D & Fredlund, DG 1970, 'An elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 3403-3407.
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A number of elastoplastic models have been proposed for unsaturated soils over the past three decades. These models have generally taken the form of simple extensions of elastoplastic models previously proposed for saturated soils. Laboratory testing programs have given rise to several unanswered questions regarding the acceptability of these models for unsaturated soils. There are questions related to: 1.) the variation of the yield stress with soil suction, 2.) the modeling of soils prepared from slurry conditions, and 3.) the existence of a smooth transition between saturated and unsaturated soil conditions. The model proposed in this paper addresses each of these questions by re-formulating the elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils through use of independent stress state variables. The re-formulation provides a smooth transition between the elastoplastic model for saturated and unsaturated soil conditions. © 2011 IOS Press.
Son, JB, Lee, J, Blumenstein, M, Loo, Y-C, Guan, H & Panuwatwanich, K 1970, 'Generating Historical Condition Ratings for the Reliable Prediction of Bridge Deteriorations', IABSE Symposium, Bangkok 2009: Sustainable Infrastructure - Environment Friendly, Safe and Resource Efficient, IABSE Symposium, Bangkok 2009: Sustainable Infrastructure - Environment Friendly, Safe and Resource Efficient, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE).
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<p>Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) have been developed since the early 1990s as a decision support system (DSS) for effective Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (MR&R) activities in a large bridge network. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are major resources for predicting future bridge deteriorations via BMSs. However, available historical condition ratings are very limited in all bridge agencies. This constitutes the major barrier for predicting reliably future structural performances. To alleviate this problem, the Backward Prediction Model (BPM) technique for generating the missing historical condition ratings has been developed, and its reliability has been verified using existing condition ratings available from the Maryland Department of Transportation, USA. The function of the BPM is to establish the correlations between the known condition ratings and non-bridge factors including climate, traffic volumes and population growth. Such correlations can then be used to obtain the bridge condition ratings of the missing years. Based on these generated datasets, the currently available bridge deterioration model can be used to predict future bridge conditions. The existing 4 National Bridge Inventory and 9 BPM-generated historical condition ratings are used as input data to compare the prediction accuracy using deterministic bridge deterioration models. The comparison results show that prediction error decreases as more historical data become available. This suggests that the BPM can be used to generate additional historical condition ratings, which is essential for bridge deterioration models to achieve more accurate prediction results. However, there are still significant limitations identified in the current bridge deterioration models. Hence, further research is necessary to improve the prediction accuracy of bridge deterioration models.</p>
Thakur, PK, Indraratna, B & Vinod, JS 1970, 'DEM simulation of effect of confining pressure on ballast behaviour', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 602-605.
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In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the influence of confining pressure on deformation and degradation behaviour of railway ballast using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). A novel approach has been employed to model the two dimensional projection of field size ballast particles as cluster of bonded particles. Bonded particles are held together by a bond, and debonding is considered as particle breakage. A series of cyclic loading simulations using DEM were carried out on an assembly of angular ballast particles at different confining pressures (10 kPa to 240 kPa). The results highlight that the development of axial strain during cyclic loading as a function of initial confining pressure and number of cycles. Very high axial strain and breakage of particles have been observed at low confining pressure (< 30 kPa) owing to dilative volumetric strain behaviour. In terms of particle breakage, there exists an optimum range of confining pressures where breakage is minimal. In addition, the evolution of particle displacement vectors explains the breakage mechanism and associated deformations during cyclic loading. © 2009 IOS Press.
Vafi, S, Wysocki, T & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Serially Concatenated Turbo Codes', 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-4.
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The paper presents a new scheme of concatenated codes, referred to as serially concatenated turbo (SCT) codes. The code is constructed as the serial combinations of two turbo codes, i.e. turbo recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes and turbo Bose Ray Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, linked by a pseudo-random interleaver. In comparison with the conventional turbo RSC codes, SCT codes have higher minimum distance values. Based on conducted simulations, it is found that SCT codes outperform turbo RSC codes at the waterfall and error floor regions, while they require reasonable number of iterations at their iterative decoding structure to achieve good performance.
Vafi, S, Wysocki, T, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'Serially Concatenated Turbo Codes', 2009 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING, VOLS 1-8, 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 521-524.
Vinod, JS, Indraratna, B & Mahamud, MAA 1970, 'Internal Erosional Behaviour of Lignosulfonate Treated Dispersive Clay', Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories, International Symposium on Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories, Research Publishing Services, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 549-554.
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Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Safaei, F 1970, 'OLSR-R<sup>3</sup>: Optimised link state routing with reactive route recovery', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, pp. 359-362.
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The optimised link state routing (OLSR) is a proactive routing protocol which relies on periodical broadcast of routing packets. However, due to the one-to-many relationship of broadcast traffic, the delivery of these packets can not be guaranteed by underlying MAC protocol, particularly in a congested condition. In this paper, the possible routing pathologies and failures of OLSR in a congested network are explored. In addition, a hybrid routing protocol which integrates OLSR with Reactive Route Recovery (OLSR-R3) is proposed to rectify the erratic routing behaviour described in this paper. Simulation studies are presented which show that the proposed solution is effective in addressing the underlining problems.
Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'Characterising the Behaviour of IEEE 802.11 Broadcast Transmissions in Ad Hoc Wireless LANs', 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-8, IEEE International Confernece on Communications, IEEE, Dresden, Germany, pp. 4934-4938.
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This paper evaluates the performance of the IEEE 802.11 broadcast traffic under both saturation and non-saturation conditions. The evaluation highlights some important characteristics of IEEE 802.11 broadcast traffic as compared to corresponding unicast traffic. Moreover, it underlines the inaccuracy of the broadcast saturation model proposed by Ma and Chen due to the absence of backoff counter freeze process when channel is busy. Computer simulations are used to validate the accuracy of the new model and demonstrate the importance of capturing the freezing of backoff counter in the analytical study of IEEE 802.11 broadcast.
Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'End-to-End Path Stability of Reactive Routing Protocols in IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks', 2009 IEEE 34TH CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS (LCN 2009), IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 499-505.
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Over the years, a considerable research effort has been applied to the design of ad hoc network routing protocols. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the subtle interactions between routing protocols and lower layers in the protocol stack. In this paper, the instability which may arise when reactive routing protocols interact with the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is investigated. In particular, several erratic behaviours of the Ad hod On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in a congested IEEE 802.11 ad hoc network are demonstrated. A cross-layer solution is proposed based on an Adaptive Bulk Trigger policy and a Dynamic Window Selection scheme. Simulation studies are presented which show that the proposed solution is effective in alleviating erratic behaviour of AODV and improving the end-to-end path stability.
Wassantachat, T, Li, Z, Chen, J, Wang, Y & Tan, E 1970, 'Traffic Density Estimation with On-line SVM Classifier', 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Genoa, ITALY, pp. 13-18.
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Xu, J, Ye, G, Wang, Y, Herman, G, Zhang, B & Yang, J 1970, 'Incremental EM for Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis on Human Action Recognition', 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Genoa, ITALY, pp. 55-60.
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Zhang, J, Xu, YL, Xia, Y & Li, JC 1970, 'Statistical moment-based damage detection of building structures', Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, SHMII 2009.
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This paper presents a novel structural damage detection method based on the statistical moments of dynamic responses of building structures under random excitation. The principle of the method is put forward in terms of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and then extended to multi-degree-of- freedom (MDOF) systems with resort to the least-squares method. The numerical studies on a shear building structure manifest that the proposed method is sensitive to local structural damage but insensitive to measurement noise. Furthermore, the proposed method was experimentally examined to assess its reliability in practical applications. Eight damage scenarios were designed and a series of shaking table tests were conducted on three shear building models before and after damage under white noise or color noise ground excitations. The experimental results matched the theoretical values well and the statistical moment-based damage detection method is demonstrated to be feasible and accurate.
