Al Amri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2010, 'Scalability of MANET routing protocols for heterogeneous and homogenous networks', COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 752-765.
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In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), mobility, traffic and node density are main network conditions that significantly affect performance of routing protocols. Much of the previous research in MANET routing have focused on developing strategies, which suit one specific networking scenario. Therefore, there is no existing protocol that can work well in all different networking scenarios. This paper reviews characteristics of several different classes of routing protocols. Moreover, most of current routing protocols assume homogeneous networking conditions where all nodes have the same capabilities and resources. This paper presents extensive studies simulations for DSR, AODV, LAR1, FSR and WRP in homogenous and heterogeneous networks that consist of different nodes with different resources. The results showed that while all protocols perform reasonably well in homogenous networking conditions, their performance suffer significantly over heterogonous networks.
Anbazhagan, P, Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Su, L 2010, 'Using a seismic survey to measure the shear modulus of clean and fouled ballast', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 117-126.
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In this paper a first time attempt has been made to measure the low strain shear modulus of clean and fouled ballast using a seismic survey of Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW). A model rail track was built with nine sub-sections, each having different fouling characteristics. MASW survey was performed in the top of each section of ballast and shear wave velocity was measured. The shear modulus of ballast fouled by pulverized rock, clayey sand and coal was calculated by using shear wave velocities and densities of each section and presented. The optimum and critical fouling points are defined considering the shear stiffness and drainage criteria for ballast fouled by clayey sand and coal. In both cases the shear stiffness increased to a maximum and then decreased as the percentage of fouling increased. The degree of fouling corresponding to the maximum shear wave velocity is defined as the optimum fouling point. After a particular degree of fouling the shear stiffness decreased less than clean ballast and the corresponding drainage condition become unacceptable. This point is defined as the critical fouling point. The results obtained from the model track were compared with the field data. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
Biswajeet, P 2010, 'Role of GIS in Natural Hazard Detection', Modeling and Mitigation, Disasler Advances, vol. 3, no. 1.
Biswajeet, P 2010, 'Role of GIS in natural hazard detection, modeling and mitigation', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 3-4.
Biswajeet, P & Hamid, A 2010, 'Forest fire detection and monitoring using high temporal MODIS and NOAA AVHRR satellite images in peninsular Malaysia', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 18-23.
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Forest fires cause significant economic damages and hazard to environment all over the world. Apart from preventive measures, early warning and fast extinction of fires are the only chance to avoid major casualties and damage to nature. This paper describes methodology based on remote sensing and GIS for provision of various early warning of forest fire (so called hot spots) danger conditions for regulatory authorities to take actions for mitigation. Hot spot locations were identified through an automated procedure from high temporal satellite images such as MODIS and NOAA AVHRR scenes. Combination of the Daily Hotspot Images coupled with various GIS layers was used to generate Active Forest Fire Map for the study area. Results from the model can support detection and monitoring for wild fires in the forest and enhance alert system junction by simulating and visualizing forest fire and helps for contingency planning.
Biswajeet, P & Saied, P 2010, 'Comparison between prediction capabilities of neural network and fuzzy logic techniques for L and slide susceptibility mapping', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 26-34.
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Preparation of L and slide susceptibility maps is important for engineering geologists and geomorphologists. However, due to complex nature of L and slides, producing a reliable susceptibility map is not easy. In recent years, various data mining and soft computing techniques are getting popular for the prediction and classification of L and slide susceptibility and hazard mapping. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the prediction capabilities between the neural network and fuzzy logic model for L and slide susceptibility mapping in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. In the first stage, L and slide-related factors such as altitude, slope angle, slope aspect, distance to drainage, distance to road, lithology and normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) were extracted from topographic and geology and soil maps. Secondly, L and slide locations were identified from the interpretation of aerial photographs, high resolution satellite imageries and extensive field surveys. Then L and slide-susceptibility maps were produced by the application of neural network and fuzzy logic approahc using the aforementioned L and slide related factors. Finally, the results of the analyses were verified using the L and slide location data and compared with the neural network and fuzzy logic models. The validation results showed that the neural network model (accuracy is 88%) is better in prediction than fuzzy logic (accuracy is 84%) models. Results show that 'gamma' operator (X = 0.9) showed the best accuracy (84%) while 'or' operator showed the worst accuracy (66%).
Biswajeet, P, Saro, L & Manfred, F 2010, 'A GIS-based back-propagation neural network model and its cross-application and validation for landslide susceptibility analysis', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 747-759.
Dachermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A12 Boundary Damage Identification of a Two-Storey Framed Structure utilizing Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Networks', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0.
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Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, 'Dynamic-Based Damage Identification Using Neural Network Ensembles and Damage Index Method', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1001-1016.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage identification method that utilises a 'damage fingerprint' of a structure in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and neural network techniques to identify defects. The Damage Index (DI) method is used to extract unique damage patterns from a damaged beam structure with the undamaged structure as baseline. PCA is applied to reduce the effect of measurement noise and optimise neural network training. PCA-compressed DI values are, then, used as inputs for a hierarchy of neural network ensembles to estimate locations and severities of various damage cases. The developed method is verified by a laboratory structure and numerical simulations in which measurement noise is taken into account with different levels of white Gaussian noise added. The damage identification results obtained from the neural network ensembles show that the presented method is capable of overcoming problems inherent in the conventional DI method. Issues associated with field testing conditions are successfully dealt with for numerical and the experimental simulations. Moreover, it is shown that the neural network ensemble produces results that are more accurate than any of the outcomes of the individual neural networks.
Du, H, Zhang, N, Ji, JC & Gao, W 2010, 'Robust Fuzzy Control of an Active Magnetic Bearing Subject to Voltage Saturation', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 164-169.
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Based on a recently proposed model for the active- magnetic-bearing (AMB) switching mode of operation, this paper presents a robust Takagi-Sugeno-model- based fuzzy-control strategy to stabilize the AMB with fast response speed subject to control-voltage saturation and parameter uncertainties. The sufficient conditions for the existence of such a controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulations against the proposed AMB model and a high-fidelity AMB model are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2009 IEEE.
Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Bioengineering ground improvement considering root water uptake model', ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 222-229.
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Bioengineering features of native vegetation are currently being evolved to enhance soil stiffness, slope stabilisation and erosion control. The effects of tree roots on soil moisture content and ground settlement are discussed in this paper. Matric suction induced by tree roots is a key factor, governing the properties of unsaturated soils, directly imparting stability to slopes and resistance for yielding behaviour. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake that considers ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters has been developed. This study highlights the inter-related parameters contributing to the development of a conceptual evapo-transpiration and root moisture uptake equilibrium model that is then incorporated in a comprehensive numerical finite element model. The developed model considers fully coupled-flow-deformation behaviour of soil. Field measurements obtained by the Authors from a site in Victoria, South of Australia, are used to validate the model. In this study, the active tree root distribution has been predicted by measuring soil organic content distribution. The predicted results show acceptable agreement with the field data in spite of the assumptions made for simplifying the effects of soil heterogeneity and anisotropy. The results prove that the proposed root water uptake model can reliably predict the region of the maximum matric suction away from the tree axis. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Geng, XY, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Analytical solutions for a single vertical drain with time-dependent vacuum combined surcharge preloading in membrane and membraneless systems', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012117-012117.
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Ghandeharioon, A, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Analysis of Soil Disturbance Associated with Mandrel-Driven Prefabricated Vertical Drains Using an Elliptical Cavity Expansion Theory', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 53-64.
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Hasan, AM, Saied, P, Arvin, PAK, Biswajeet, P, Nikouravan, B & Mansor, S 2010, 'Disasters and risk reduction in groundwater: Zagros mountain southwest Iran using geoinformatics techniques', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 51-57.
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For more effective use of ground fresh water resources, a remote sensing and GIS have been used in many places in last decades. The digital topographic maps in scale 1:25000 within GIS environment have been studied to observe the risk reduction and changing of the water resources because of the tectonic activities which are crucial to generate a groundwater disaster in the study area. The area has been visually and digitally interpreted to delineate DEM, drainage network, drainage basin, karst landforms, lineaments and lithology for ground water reduction and possible new locations to explore and reduce the risk reduction and disasters. Image elements are used during visual and digital interpretation. Extensive field works have been attempted using global positioning system (GPS) to collect water samples. The study shows that the groundwater is controlled by geomorphology, landslides, lineament analysis, lithology and topography in the study area. This study shows the advantages of remote sensing and GIS techniques for Karst and water resources study. Use of GIS-technologies makes it possible to construct 3D models of river basins and adjust theoretical reserves of the deposits.
Indraratna, B 2010, 'Recent advances in the application of vertical drains and vacuum preloading in soft soil stabilisation', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 1-44.
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Much of the world's essential infrastructure is built along congested coastal belts that are composed of highly compressible and weak soils up to significant depths. Soft alluvial and marine clay deposits have very low bearing capacity and excessive settlement characteristics, with obvious design and maintenance implications on tall structures and large commercial buildings, as well as port and transport infrastructure. Stabilising these soft soils before commencing construction is essential for both long term and short term stability. Pre-construction consolidation of soft soils through the application of a surcharge load alone often takes too long, apart from which, the load required to achieve more than 90% consolidation of these mostly low lying, permeable, and very thick clay deposits can be excessively high over a prolonged period. A system of vertical drains combined with vacuum pressure and surcharge preloading has become an attractive ground improvement alternative in terms of both cost and effectiveness. This technique accelerates consolidation by promoting rapid radial flow which decreases the excess pore-pressure while increasing the effective stress. Over the past 15 years, the Author and his co-workers have developed numerous experimental, analytical and numerical approaches that simulate the mechanics of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and vacuum preloading, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses, and more comprehensive design methods. These recent techniques have been applied to various real life projects in Australia and Southeast Asia. Some of the new design concepts include the role of overlapping smear zones due to P VD-mandrel penetration, pore pressure prediction based on the elliptical cavity expansion theory, and the rise and fall of pore pressure via PVD under cyclic loads. These recent advances enable greater accuracy in the prediction of excess pore water pressure, and lateral and vertical displacement o...
Indraratna, B, Geng, X & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Review of mehods of analysis for the use of vacuum preloading and vertical drains for soft clay improvement', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 223-236.
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The use of vertical drains with vacuum preloading for soft soil improvement has become a booming interest in recent years. In this paper, theoretical and practical developments of the utilization of vertical drain with vacuum preloading are currently reviewed. Geotechnical aspects of factors affecting the performance of vacuum consolidation and conversion procedure for multi-drain analysis are discussed based on the current state of the art. The salient aspects of selected case histories on soft clays and land reclamations are elucidated. © 2010 Taylor &Francis.
Indraratna, B, Ni, J & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Investigation on effectiveness of a prefabricated vertical drain during cyclic loading', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012091-012091.
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INDRARATNA, B, OLIVEIRA, DAF & BROWN, ET 2010, 'A shear-displacement criterion for soil-infilled rock discontinuities', Géotechnique, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 623-633.
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An infilled rock joint is likely to be the weakest plane in a rock mass. The most pronounced effect of the presence of infill material is the reduction in friction of the discontinuity boundaries (i.e. rock to rock contact of the joint walls). The thicker the infill, the smaller the shear strength of the rock joint. Once the infill reaches a critical thickness, the joint walls (rock) play no significant role in the overall shear strength. Several models have been proposed to predict the peak shear strength of infilled joints under both constant normal load and constant normal stiffness boundary conditions, taking into account the ratio of infill thickness (t) to the height of the joint wall asperity (a), that is the t/a ratio. Models based on the constant normal stiffness condition provide a much more accurate representation of the infilled joint behaviour in the field, but only a limited number of studies have focused on the more realistic constant normal stiffness stress–strain behaviour. This paper presents a critical review of some of the earlier studies and the most recent advancement of a shear-strength model developed at University of Wollongong, Australia, supplemented with laboratory data for model validation. The effect of different factors on the shear behaviour such as the t/a ratio, infill friction angle, joint wall roughness, joint stiffness and type of infill are presented.
Indraratna, B, Oliveira, DAF, Brown, ET & de Assis, AP 2010, 'Corrigendum to “Effect of soil-infilled joints on the stability of rock wedges formed in a tunnel roof”', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1229-1229.
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Indraratna, B, Oliveira, DAF, Brown, ET & de Assis, AP 2010, 'Effect of soil–infilled joints on the stability of rock wedges formed in a tunnel roof', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 739-751.
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Indraratna, B, Regmi, G, Nghiem, LD & Golab, A 2010, 'Performance of a PRB for the Remediation of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil Terrain', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 7, pp. 897-906.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Ewers, B & Adams, M 2010, 'Class A Prediction of the Behavior of Soft Estuarine Soil Foundation Stabilized by Short Vertical Drains beneath a Rail Track', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 686-696.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Kelly, R & Buys, H 2010, 'Sustainable soil improvement via vacuum preloading', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 31-42.
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The application of prefabricated vertical drains combined with vacuum and surcharge preloading is considered to be one of the most environmentally friendly ground improvement techniques. The natural atmospheric pressure is used to generate suction via a vacuum pump. In comparison with other ground improvement methods such as deep piling and deep mixing, this method will not only save a substantial cost in road and rail embankment maintenance and construction but will also enhance the speed of construction of coastal highways and rail tracks and their capacity to carry a greater traffic load. Moreover, as drains with vacuum pressure do not involve chemicals, the soil and groundwater chemistry will not change, unlike cement and lime treatment. Vacuum preloading will also reduce the impact on the environment by minimising the greenhouse gas emissions and the need for quarrying natural sand and gravel. The performances of three full-scale test embankments constructed in Thailand, China and Australia are discussed collectively, demonstrating the advantages and environmental benefits of vacuum consolidation in relation to a standard surcharge-only system.
Indraratna, B, Thakur, PK & Vinod, JS 2010, 'Experimental and Numerical Study of Railway Ballast Behavior under Cyclic Loading', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 136-144.
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This paper presents the results of the influence of frequency on the permanent deformation and degradation behavior of ballast during cyclic loading. The behavior of ballast under numerous cycles was investigated through a series of large-scale cyclic triaxial tests. The tests were conducted at frequencies ranging from 10-40 Hz, which is equivalent to a train traveling from 73 km/h to 291 km/h over standard gauge tracks in Australia. The results showed that permanent deformation and degradation of ballast increased with the frequency of loading and number of cycles. Much of breakage occurs during the initial cycle; however, there exists a frequency zone of 20 Hz≤f≤30 Hz where cyclic densification takes place without much additional breakage. An empirical relationship among axial strain, frequency and number of cycles has been proposed based on the experimental data. In addition, discrete-element method (DEM) simulations were carried out using PFC2D on an assembly of irregular shaped particles. A novel approach was used to model a two-dimensional (2D) projection of real ballast particles. Clusters of bonded circular particles were used to model a 2D projection of angular ballast particles. Degradation of the bonds within a cluster was considered to represent particle breakage. The results of DEM simulations captured the ballast behavior under cyclic loading in accordance with the experimental observations. Moreover, the evolution of micromechanical parameters such as a distribution of the contact force and bond force developed during cyclic loading was presented to explain the mechanism of particle breakage. It has been revealed that particle breakage is mainly due to the tensile stress developed during cyclic loading and is located mainly in the direction of the movement of ballast particles. © 2010 ASCE.
Ji, JC & Zhang, N 2010, 'Suppression of the primary resonance vibrations of a forced nonlinear system using a dynamic vibration absorber', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 329, no. 11, pp. 2044-2056.
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In a single degree-of-freedom weakly nonlinear oscillator subjected to periodic external excitation, a small-amplitude excitation may produce a relatively large-amplitude response under primary resonance conditions. Jump and hysteresis phenomena that result from saddle-node bifurcations may occur in the steady-state response of the forced nonlinear oscillator. A simple mass-spring-damper vibration absorber is thus employed to suppress the nonlinear vibrations of the forced nonlinear oscillator for the primary resonance conditions. The values of the spring stiffness and mass of the vibration absorber are significantly lower than their counterpart of the forced nonlinear oscillator. Vibrational energy of the forced nonlinear oscillator is transferred to the attached light mass through linked spring and damper. As a result, the nonlinear vibrations of the forced oscillator are greatly reduced and the vibrations of the absorber are significant. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain the averaged equations that determine the amplitude and phases of the first-order approximate solutions to primary resonance vibrations of the forced nonlinear oscillator. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the dynamic vibration absorber for suppressing primary resonance vibrations. The effects of the linked spring and damper and the attached mass on the reduction of nonlinear vibrations are studied with the help of frequency response curves, the attenuation ratio of response amplitude and the desensitisation ratio of the critical amplitude of excitation. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Khan, YOUNUSAHMED, Lateh, HB, Jefriza, M, Mohd, WLW & Pradhan, B 2010, 'Monitoring of hill-slope movement due to rainfall at Gunung Pass of Cameron Highland district of Peninsular Malaysia', International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 06-12.
Li, X, Zhang, X, Han, X & Sheng, DC 2010, 'An iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm in saturated soil dynamics', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 733-753.
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AbstractThis paper presents an iterative, incremental pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems with mixed formulations of the displacement–pressure (u–p) model in saturated soil dynamics that allows the use of finite elements with equal low order of interpolation approximation of u and p. In comparison with the original fractional step algorithm, the distinct features of the proposed algorithm lie in its enhanced stability owing to the introduction of both an iteration procedure and a finite increment calculus (FIC) process into the algorithm. The introduction of the iterative procedure makes the velocity term satisfy the momentum conservation equation in an implicit sense and allows much larger time step sizes to be used than those limited in existing explicit and semi‐implicit versions of the algorithm. The introduction of the FIC process removes the dependence of the stability of the proposed algorithm on the time step size, as a result it allows to using the incremental version of the algorithm and evades the minimum time step size requirement presented in the existing versions of the fractional step algorithm that restricts the application of the algorithm to saturated soil dynamics problems with high frequencies.Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A24 Dynamic Performance of A Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0.
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Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A24 Dynamic Performance of A Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0, pp. _1A24-1_-_1A24-8_.
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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has received significant attention lately and MRF based devices have been proposed for structural control applications in recent years. The unique characteristics of MR fluid lies in its abilities to reversibly, repeatedly and instantly change from a free flowing liquid to a semi-solid state when exposed to a magnetic field. The electric power required to drive the MR devices can be easily provided by a battery. Possessing such unique properties, MR fluid based devices, such as MR damper, have become promising candidates in the semi-active control for civil structure applications. However, most of the published research has focused on application of MR dampers instead of exploring other type of MR devices. In addition, MR based devices exhibit complex nonlinear hysteresis behaviour and thus making their modelling a challenging task. In this paper, a novel MR fluid based device, namely MR pin joint, is proposed as smart structural members in development of an intelligent civil structure that can suppress unwanted vibrations to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure. After design and fabrication, experiments have been conducted to characterise dynamic behaviours of the new device under different harmonic excitations with various input currents. Test data shows that the MR pin joint possesses a unique behaviour in the moment-angular velocity plot. A hyperbolic hysteresis model is proposed to model such unique behaviour. The investigation presented in the paper explores dynamic performance of MR pin joint. Finally, a parametric model is developed following the investigation on the correlation of coefficients in the proposed model with the loading conditions and applied currents.
Mahmud, AR, Biswajeet, P, Hadipour, M & Kadar, HA 2010, 'Mathematical modeling of urban air quality: An urban transportation modeling case study in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia', Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 14-21.
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This paper provides the findings on a project . undertaken to develop a geo-spatial mathematical model relating land-use, road type and air quality. The model shows how spatial elements and issues were quantified to accurately represent the usual and unusual urban environment in the development of residential land-use. The mathematical relationship was based on the optimum distance between residential area and urban transportation network. The spatial data (urban land-use and urban network development) were generated using satellite images, aerial photos and land use maps. Geospatial analyses were performed to find the effect and impact of urban air quality with respect to urban transportation networks. The output of the study would assist the task to reduce negative transport environmental impacts particularism the field of air pollution. It would also be useful in identifying the potential residential area with respect to urban transportation network towards ' achieving sustainable development.
Oliveira, DAF & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Comparison between Models of Rock Discontinuity Strength and Deformation', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 6, pp. 864-874.
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Pirasteh, S, Rizvi, SMA, Ayazi, MH, Safari, H, Ramli, FM, Pradhan, B, Shattri, M, Mahmoodzadeh, A, Pirateh, S & Rizvi, SMA 2010, 'Using ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar for flood delineation, Bhuj Taluk, Kuchch District-Gujarat, India', Int. Geoinform. Res. Dev. J, vol. 1, pp. 13-22.
Pirasteh, S, Safari, HO, Pradhan, B & Attarzadeh, I 2010, 'Litho-morphotectonics analysis using Landsat ETM data and GIS techniques: Zagros Fold Belt (ZFB), SW Iran', Int Geoinformatics Res Dev J, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 28-36.
Pradhan, B 2010, 'Application of an advanced fuzzy logic model for landslide susceptibility analysis', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 370-381.
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Pradhan, B 2010, 'Application of an advanced fuzzy logic model for landslide susceptibility analysis', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 370-370.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of landslides at Klang valley area, Malaysia, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. A data derived model (frequency ratio) and a knowledge-derived model (fuzzy operator) were combined for landslide susceptibility analysis. The nine factors that influence landslide occurrence were extracted from the database and the frequency ratio coefficient for each factor was computed. Using the factors and the identified landslide, the fuzzy membership values were calculated. Then fuzzy algebraic operators were applied to the fuzzy membership values for landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the produced map was verified by comparing with existing landslide locations for calculating prediction accuracy. Among the fuzzy operators, in the case in which the gamma operator (λ = 0.8) showed the best accuracy (91%) while the case in which the fuzzy algebraic product was applied showed the worst accuracy (79%).
Pradhan, B 2010, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping of a catchment area using frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and multivariate logistic regression approaches', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 301-320.
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Pradhan, B 2010, 'Remote sensing and GIS-based landslide hazard analysis and cross-validation using multivariate logistic regression model on three test areas in Malaysia', Advances in Space Research, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1244-1256.
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PRADHAN, B & BUCHROITHNER, MF 2010, 'Comparison and Validation of Landslide Susceptibility Maps Using an Artificial Neural Network Model for Three Test Areas in Malaysia', Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 107-126.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Delineation of landslide hazard areas on Penang Island, Malaysia, by using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1037-1054.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Delineation of landslide hazard areas on Penang Island, Malaysia, by using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1037-1054.
Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis: backpropagation artificial neural networks and their comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modelling', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 747-759.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Regional landslide susceptibility analysis using back-propagation neural network model at Cameron Highland, Malaysia', Landslides, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13-30.
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Pradhan, B & Pirasteh, S 2010, 'Introduction of guest editors january 2010 issue', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1.
Pradhan, B & Youssef, AM 2010, 'Manifestation of remote sensing data and GIS on landslide hazard analysis using spatial-based statistical models', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 319-326.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'A GIS-based back-propagation neural network model and its cross-application and validation for landslide susceptibility analyses', Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 216-235.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'Remote Sensing and GIS-based Landslide Susceptibility Analysis and its Cross-validation in Three Test Areas Using a Frequency Ratio Model', Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation, vol. 2010, no. 1, pp. 17-32.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S, Sharma, SP, Anbarasu, K, Gupta, S & Sengupta, A 2010, 'Fox Creek is a small tributary of the Saddle River, a tributary of the Peace River in northwestern Alberta. It has several dormant landslides with degraded scarps and grabens. A new, reactivated landslide on the north bank of the Fox Creek occurred on 5 May 2007. The landslide formed two major sliding blocks. A rapid translational block slide, it mobilized 47 Mm 3 of displaced materials, blocked the...', Landslides, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 99-103.
Pradhan, B, Lee, S, Zvelebil, J, Šíma, J & Vilímek, V 2010, 'This paper presents the preliminary results of a geomorphological survey of the Olvera area (Cadiz province, Betic Ranges, Spain) and the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) Open Source (OS) software plus Database Management System (DBMS) for making available and distributing the landslide data over the Web. In the geomorphologic survey, different landforms have been identified in the area,...', Landslides, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 99-103.
Pradhan, B, Oh, H-J & Buchroithner, M 2010, 'Weights-of-evidence model applied to landslide susceptibility mapping in a tropical hilly area', Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 199-223.
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PRADHAN, B, OHb, H & BUCHROITHNER, M 2010, 'Use of remote sensing data and GIS to produce a landslide susceptibility map of a landslide prone area using a weight of evidence model', assessment, vol. 11, p. 13.
Pradhan, B, Sezer, EA, Gokceoglu, C & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'Landslide Susceptibility Mapping by Neuro-Fuzzy Approach in a Landslide-Prone Area (Cameron Highlands, Malaysia)', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 4164-4177.
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Pradhan, B, Youssef, A & Varathrajoo, R 2010, 'Approaches for delineating landslide hazard areas using different training sites in an advanced artificial neural network model', Geo-spatial Information Science, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 93-102.
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Pradhao, B, Pirasteb, S & Varatharajoo, R 2010, 'Enhancement of semi-automated lineament extraction from IRS- 1B satellite images for part of Himalayan region', International Journal of Geoinformatics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 41-50.
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This paper presents the results of a spatial domain filtering investigation of lineament mapping from 1RS″ JB USS- I satellite image. A quick and accurate lineament attraction method is applied to a big IRS-IB scene of the study area. Further, the orientation and structural trend of the area is also discussed with respect to the derived lineaments. Efforts have been made to evaluate the techniques as a fast algorithm for quick and time limited analysis of lineaments from which their orientations are estimated. To achieve the objective, various filtering techniques have been used for extraction of the lineaments form IRS-1B scene. In the present study, the acquired IRS-IB satellite scene after being geocoded, has been divided into twelve equal sized windows and a separate raster layer has been made for each of the windows. Two computer programs were used for preparation of the data sets and plotting of the rose diagrams. The result demonstrated that the lineament density value is relatively higher in the high relief area which indicates the presence of fractured rocks with abundant joints and faults owing to the structurally active terrain. As a conclusion, the current method has been found to be useful for lineament extraction from a complex terrain. © Geoinformatics International.
Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Radial consolidation modelling incorporating the effect of a smear zone for a multilayer soil with downdrag caused by mandrel action', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1024-1035.
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A system of prefabricated vertical drains with surcharge preloading is an effective method for promoting radial drainage and accelerated soil consolidation. A piecewise technique is employed to analyse the radial consolidation in a multilayer soil system to include (i) the effect of soil downdrag and (ii) a smear zone having linearly varying soil permeability. The effect of soil dragged down from the upper soil layer into the lower layer has been analysed in terms of the time required for consolidation. It can be seen that the consolidation of the multilayer soil depends on smear zone characteristics, the permeability ratio between upper and lower soil layers, penetration depth, and drain spacing. Design procedures are described with the help of an example.
Safari, HO, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Gharibvand, LK 2010, 'Use of Remote Sensing Data and GIS Tools for Seismic Hazard Assessment for Shallow Oilfields and its Impact on the Settlements at Masjed-i-Soleiman Area, Zagros Mountains, Iran', Remote Sensing, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1364-1377.
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Shang, F, Xiong, A, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2010, 'An unequal clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 477-486.
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In this paper, a Single-Hop Unequal Clustering (SHUC) algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor networks. The SHUC algorithm consists of three different parts. Firstly, an average energy factor is introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network during the tentative cluster-head selection process, which improves the network energy efficiency. Secondly, a cost function is proposed to balance energy-efficiency of each node. Finally, an unequal clustering algorithm is proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that SHUC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, SHUC may prolong the lifetime by up to 30% against EECS and 70% against LEACH-C. © 2010 Binary Information Press.
Singh, RP 2010, 'Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk – Launch of a New Journal', Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Su, L-J, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2010, 'An Evaluation of Fouled Ballast in a Laboratory Model Track Using Ground Penetrating Radar', Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 343-350.
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Abstract Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to evaluate fouled ballast in a prototype model railway track designed and constructed at the University of Wollongong. To simulate actual conditions, the track consisted of a layer of sub-grade, a capping layer, and a layer of ballast. The track was then divided into seven fouled ballast sections and two clean ballast sections, nine in all. Radar detectable geotextile was embedded under the ballast to highlight the interface between the ballast and capping layer, and then different frequency antennae were used to capture the reflected GPR signals so that the fouled ballast could be evaluated. The design and construction of the model track and the analysis and interpretation of collected GPR data are presented in this paper. Clear patterns of texture observed from the GPR images illustrate the different fouling conditions. The relative dielectric permittivity of each sub-section was also calculated and compared, which proved that it can be used to classify clean and fouled ballast.
Thakur, PK, Vinod, JS & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Effect of particle breakage on cyclic densification of ballast: A DEM approach', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012229-012229.
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Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Assessment of Subballast Filtration under Cyclic Loading', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. 1519-1528.
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Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Experimental investigations into subballast filtration behaviour under cyclic conditions', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 123-1333.
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In rail track environments the loading system is cyclic unlike the monotonie seepage force that usually occurs in embankment dams. The mechanisms of filtration, interface behaviour and time-dependent changes of the drainage and filtration properties occurring within the filter medium require further research to improve the design guidelines. A novel cyclic process simulation filtration apparatus was designed and commissioned at the University of Wollongong, and a standard testing procedure was established. The test apparatus was designed to simulate heavy haul train operations. Key parameters that influence the change in porosity and pore water pressure within the subballast layer under cyclic conditions in rail track environments were identified.
TRANI, LDO & INDRARATNA, B 2010, 'The use of particle size distribution by surface area method in predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of graded granular soils', Géotechnique, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 957-962.
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The hydraulic conductivity (k) of a fully saturated granular material can be predicted by the well-known Kozeny–Carman formula, and its slightly different variations, based on the porosity (n) and effective diameter (deff). Most variations of the Kozeny–Carman formula compute the parameter deff based on a given conventional particle size distribution by mass (PSDm), where the validation would normally be carried out by comparing against laboratory permeability tests conducted on soils having an average coefficient of uniformity (Cu) of about 3. Knowing that the Kozeny–Carman formula was originally developed for uniformly graded materials, inevitable limitations are inherited when it is applied to increasingly graded soils. This study proposes to convert the PSDm into its equivalence in surface area (PSDsa) conforming to the fundamental geometric assumption by which the Kozeny–Carman equation was originally formulated. The estimated deff based on this proposed PSDsa method appears implicitly to incorporate the size, shape and angularity of the natural grains which were traditionally represented by the shape coefficient (α). The results presented in this paper show that the suggested method is capable of predicting k for fully saturated granular soils with Cu of up 20.
Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Use of Impedance Probe for Estimation of Porosity Changes in Saturated Granular Filters under Cyclic Loading: Calibration and Application', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 10, pp. 1469-1474.
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Vinod, JS, Indraratna, B & Mahamud, MAA 2010, 'Stabilisation of an erodible soil using a chemical admixture', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 43-51.
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Internal erosional behaviour of a lignosulfonate-treated dispersive soil has been studied using apparatus designed and built at University of Wollongong. The effectiveness of lignosulfonate-treated dispersive clay on its erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantages over traditional admixtures (cement) have been presented. Lignosulfonate is a non-toxic admixture that can stabilise certain erodible and dispersive soils effectively, without causing any adverse environmental impact on the ground unlike some traditional stabilisers. Test results show that the erosional parameters such as critical shear stress and coefficient of soil erosion are improved with the increase in the amount of lignosulfonate. Knowledge about the clay particles and lignosulfonate interaction mechanisms is pertinent for long-term environmental sustainability of treated soils, a factor which is poorly understood at microscopic level. Considering this, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were carried out on representative samples to understand the stabilisation mechanism at the particle scale level. The improvement of performance exhibited by the lignosulfonate-treated soil can be mainly attributed to the reduction of the double-layer thickness by the neutralisation of surface charges of the clay particles and the formation of more stable particle clusters by polymer bridging.
Vinod, JS, Sridharan, A & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Determination of Coefficient of Radial Consolidation Using Steepest Tangent Fitting Method', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 533-536.
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Barron (Trans ASCE 113:718-724, 1948) theoretical relationship between degree of consolidation (Ur) and time factor (Tr) is generally used to determine the coefficient of radial consolidation cr. Several researchers have proposed different laboratory techniques for obtaining the value of cr. However, the usual approach is to compare some salient features of the theoretical Ur-Tr relationship with the compression, δ and time, t based on the laboratory data. In this paper, rapid consolidation test procedure originally proposed by Su (J Soil Mech Found Div Am Soc Civ Eng No. 95: Proc. Pap. 1729 (1-9), 1958) to determine the coefficient of vertical consolidation (cv) is extended to evaluate Barron's coefficient of radial consolidation cr for the case of equal strain. The characteristic feature of the proposed method is the identification of the steepest tangent from the δ-log t plot. The slope of steepest tangent is independent of the drain spacing ratio (n) with a value of 0.847. This approach is rapid, and it predicts more reliable values of cr as it is less influenced by the secondary compression. In addition, this method is more versatile and can be applied for consolidation trends which do not always exhibit the typical S-shape. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Yang Wang 2010, 'Joint Random Field Model for All-Weather Moving Vehicle Detection', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2491-2501.
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Abbo, AJ, Sheng, DC & Sloan, SW 1970, 'Applications of Adaptive Time Stepping in Analysis of Biot Consolidation', Soil Behavior and Geo-Micromechanics, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 8-13.
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The accuracy of finite element solutions for the consolidation of porous media is influenced by the number and size of the time increments used in the analysis. A solution algorithm for adaptively selecting time increments for the solution of elastic and elastoplastic coupled consolidation problems in finite element analysis has been developed by Sloan and Abbo (1999). By treating the governing consolidation relations as a system of 1st-order differential equations their algorithm utilized subincrementation to automatically adjust the size of time increments used in the analysis. Unlike other time stepping schemes, the procedure adjusts the time increments in order to control the error due to time stepping to lie near a specified tolerance. The algorithm was shown to be robust and to provide an efficient method for the solution of consolidation problems. In this paper the efficiency of the algorithm is further demonstrated through the analysis of the construction of an embankment on a deep layer of soft soil. The time increments required for the efficient and accurate analysis of the consolidation of porous media are shown to differ by orders of magnitude. © 2010 ASCE.
Abed, HE, Margner, V & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2010) - Competitions Overview', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 703-708.
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The great success and high number of participants in pattern recognition related competitions last years show an important improvement of recognition and classification approaches. This success is unconceivable without the availability of huge datasets of real world data. We have invited for proposals for competitions to be held in the framework of the 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR2010). These competitions should aim at evaluating the performance of algorithms and methods for a particular task of Handwriting Recognition. Eight different teams composed of more than one group have submitted their proposals. The subjects of these propositions cover the field of research of handwriting recognition from pre-processing over handwritten document analysis to handwriting text/word recognition. These competitions represent an overview of current research topics and frontiers in handwriting document analysis and recognition. Only 5 competitions have received enough participants (we have defined the threshold to 3 systems) to present their evaluation at the ICFHR 2010. This paper presents the 8 competition proposals with lists of competition organizers and lists of participating systems and approaches. © 2010 IEEE.
AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & Lipman, J 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery for Multi-interface and Power-Aware Nodes in Heterogeneous MANETs', 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), IEEE, Valencia, pp. 244-249.
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This paper presents a new routing discovery strategy for heterogeneous MANETs. Node heterogeneity is modeled in terms of: types and number of different interfaces, power, and transmission ranges. Our proposed route discovery algorithm is implemented on the top of On-demand Tree-based Routing Protocol (OTRP) and hence it is called OTRP Heterogeneity-Aware (OTRP-HA). OTRP-HA utilizes node heterogeneity and optimizes route discovery to reduce overheads and ensures connectivities between different types of nodes with different interfaces. Each node makes its own decision to participate in the route discovery process according to its location, local density, and available resources. Simulation results show that OTRP-HA outperforms OTRP and AODV and it reduces overheads as a number of nodes and traffic increase, while it also further prolongs the lifetime of battery-powered single-interface nodes when compared to AODV. © 2010 IEEE.
Barua, B, Safaei, F, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'On the Outage of Multihop Parallel Relay Networks', 2010 IEEE 72ND VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE FALL, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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In this paper we analyze the outage probability of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Nakagami-m fading channels. The general closed form expression of the outage probability is derived both for integer and arbitrary Nakagami parameter m. We present numerical results on the performance of the network. It shows a careful configuration of the network size and power sharing between nodes can ensure optimal outage performance in the network.
Biro, K, Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, M & Makescin, F 1970, 'Use of multi-temporal satellite data for land-use/land-cover change analyses and its impacts on soil properties in the northern part of Gadarif Region', Proceedings 30th EARSeL Symposium.
Biro, K, Sulieman, H, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Land use analyses in the African Sahel: an object-oriented classification approach using TerraSAR-X data', 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 5.
Blumenstein, M, Ferrer, MA & Vargas, JF 1970, 'The 4NSigComp2010 Off-line Signature Verification Competition: Scenario 2', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 721-726.
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The objective of this competition (4NSigComp2010) is to ascertain the performance of automatic off-line signature verifiers to evaluate recent technology developments in the areas of document analysis and machine learning. The current paper focuses on the second scenario, which aims at performance evaluation of off-line signature verification systems on a newly-created large dataset that comprises genuine, simulated signatures produced by unskilled imitators or random signatures (genuine signatures from other writers). Ten systems were evaluated, and some interesting results are presented in terms of accuracy and execution time. The top ranking system attained an overall error of 8.94%. This result interestingly correlates with the top ranking accuracy achieved in a previous signature verification competition at ICDAR 2009. © 2010 IEEE.
Bolch, T, Pradhan, B, Peters, J & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Identification and monitoring of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in northern Tien Shan (Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan) using geoinformation techniques', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 13168.
Cai, C, Wang, Y & Geers, G 1970, 'Adaptive traffic signal control using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication', Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '10: 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, San Jose, CA, pp. 43-47.
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Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Identification of added mass on a two-storey framed structure utilising FRFs and ANNs', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 757-762.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage detection method that utilises frequency response functions (FRFs) to identify added mass on a two-storey framed structure. Added mass is used to simulate frequency changes due to structural damage. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed to map changes in FRFs to locations of the added mass. In order to obtain suitable inputs for neural network training, principalcomponent analysis (PCA) techniques are adopted to reduce the size of the FRF data and to filter noise. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is used to take advantage of individual measurement characteristics from different sensors. The method is tested on laboratory and numerical models of a two-storey framed structure. From the two kinds of structures, FRF data are determined and compressed utilising PCA techniques. The PCAreduced FRFs are then used as input patterns for training and testing of ANN ensembles predicting different locations of added mass. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Elbialy, S, Mahmoud, A, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'An integrated hydrological modelling approach for flood forecasting using GIS: An example of Gottleuba Catchment, Saxony, Germany', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 6118.
Elbialy, S, Mahmoud, A, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Application of Space-borne SAR data for the extraction of soil moisture and its use in hydrological flood modelling in GIS: a case study in Gottleuba Catchment, Saxony, Germany', 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 5.
Far, H, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 1970, 'Seismic Behaviour of Steel Moment Resisting Buildings on Soft Soil Considering Soil-Structure Interaction', Proceeding of the 14 European Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2010, European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Macedonian Association for Earthquake Engineering (MAEE), Ohrid, Macedonia, pp. 1720-1727.
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The 1985 Mexico City and many other recent earthquakes clearly illustrate the importance of local soil properties on the earthquake response of structures. These earthquakes demonstrated that the rock motions could be amplified at the base of the structure. Therefore, there is a strong engineering motivation for a site-dependent dynamic response analysis for many foundations to determine the free-field earthquake motions. The determination of a realistic site-dependent free-field surface motion at the base of the structure can be the most important step in the earthquake resistant design of structures. In this study, the effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on seismic behaviour of steel moment resisting building frames have been studied using Finite Difference Method. Two types of mid-rise structures, including 5 and 15 storey buildings on a soft soil deposit have been selected and analysed under influence of three different earthquake acceleration records. The above mentioned frames been analysed under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and (ii) flexible-base (considering soil-structure interaction). The results of the analyses in terms of structural forces and lateral displacements for the above mentioned boundary conditions have been compared and discussed. It is concluded that the dynamic soil-structure interaction plays a significant role in the seismic behaviour of the mentioned building frames including substantial increment in lateral inter-storey drifts of the structures and changing the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Thus, Considering SSI effects in seismic design of steel moment resisting building frames resting on soft soil deposit is essential.
Far, H, Samali, B & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Effects of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction on Inelastic Behaviour of Mid-Rise Moment Resisting Buildings on Soft Soils', AEES Conference 2010 - Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2010 Conference, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society Conference, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-11.
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In this study, a ten storey moment resisting building frame, representing the conventional type of regular mid-rise building frames, resting on shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with a clayey soil, representing subsoil class Ee, as classified in the AS 1170.4. The structural sections are designed after applying dynamic nonlinear time history analysis, based on both elastic method, and inelastic procedure using elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour of structural elements. The frame sections are modelled and analysed, employing Finite Difference Method using FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no Soil-Structure Interaction), and (ii) considering Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted and the results of the two different cases for elastic and inelastic behaviour of the structural model are extracted and compared respectively. The results indicate that the lateral deflection increments for both cases are substantially dominating and can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Therefore, conventional elastic and inelastic structural analysis methods assuming fixed-base structure may no longer be adequate to guarantee the structural safety. Therefore, considering SSI effects in seismic design of concrete moment resisting building frames resting on soft soil deposit is essential.
Fatahi, B, Far, H & Samali, B 1970, 'Influence Of Soil Characteristics On Seismic Response Of Mid-Rise Moment Resisting Buildings Considering Soil-Structure Interaction', Seismic Engineering Design for Management of Geohazards - Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium, Seismic Engineering Design for Management of Geohazards, The Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 67-74.
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In this study, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame, representing the conventional types of regular mid-rise building frames, resting on a shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with three soil types with the shear wave velocity less that 600m/s, representing classes Ce, De and Ee, according to AS 1170.4. Characteristics of the employed soils have been extracted from the available geotechnical investigation reports of various projects. Furthermore, the structure is modelled considering the three mentioned types of the subsoil medium underneath employing the Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software. Three strong ground motion records adopted by the international community as benchmark earthquakes are used. These are the 1968 Hachinohe, the 1995 Kobe and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted, and the results of the three different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the dynamic properties of the subsoil play a significant role in seismic response of the building frames under the influence of soil-structure interaction. As the shear wave velocity of the subsoil decreases, lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures increase which can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse.
Hagelstein, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Safaei, F 1970, 'An efficient opportunistic cooperative diversity protocol for IEEE 802.11 networks.', IWCMC, International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, ACM, Caen, France, pp. 417-421.
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Opportunistic cooperation promises to enhance the user experience when streaming media over wireless devices by improving wireless network reliability at the link level. This paper presents DAFMAC, an efficient cooperative diversity partner selection algorithm for IEEE 802.11 devices. Simulation results show DAFMAC provides a significantly higher transmission reliability in poor channel conditions than traditional ARQ techniques without modifying the device hardware. Further analysis shows the low overhead of DAFMAC makes it highly competitive with other proposed cooperative retransmission mechanisms in an ad-hoc network.
Indraratna, B, Geng, X & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Nonlinear Analysis for a Single Vertical Drain Including the Effects of Preloading Considering the Compressibility and Permeability of the Soil', GeoFlorida 2010, GeoFlorida 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 147-156.
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In this paper, the free strain radial consolidation theory incorporating the changes of compressibility and permeability of the soil with the change in effective stress via time dependent surcharge preloading is presented. In contrast to the conventional analysis, the current study highlights the nonlinear characteristics of the soil during the consolidation process. A comparison of the nonlinear radial consolidation model, with the conventional theory and the equal strain theory i.e. constant volume compressibility, m v and constant coefficient of horizontal permeability, kh is presented. Finally, a case history at Muar coastal plain, Malaysia is analysed on the basis of the current solution. This case history indicates improved accuracy of the predictions in relation to the field measurements and observations. © 2010 ASCE.
Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, SS & Tennakoon, N 1970, 'The Behaviour of Ballasted Track Foundations: Track Drainage and Geosynthetic Reinforcement', GeoFlorida 2010, GeoFlorida 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 2378-2387.
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Ballasted Rail tracks are widely used throughout the world due to its resiliency to the repeated wheel loads, low construction cost and ease of maintenance. However, the ballast layer needs periodic maintenance due to its deformation and degradation associated with particle breakage and fouling. A proper understanding of the contamination due to various types of fines and its implications on track drainage is a pre-requisite for effective implementation of track maintenance operations. A new parameter Void Contaminant Index (VCI) can accurately assess the contamination as it includes the effect of void ratio, specific gravity and gradation of ballast and fouling material. A series of constant head hydraulic conductivity tests using a specially designed large-scale permeability apparatus were performed on fresh ballast mixed with different proportions of fines to study the relationship between the percentage of fouling and drainage characteristics. A field trial is conducted on an instrumented track at Bulli, NSW Australia, to study the benefits of a geocomposite layer installed at the ballast-capping interface, and to evaluate the performance of recycled ballast in comparison to traditionally uniform fresh ballast. It is found that recycled ballast can be effectively reused if reinforced with a geocomposite. The geocomposite can effectively reduce vertical and lateral deformations of the ballast with obvious implications on improved track stability thereby reducing maintenance costs. © 2010 ASCE.
Khan, A, Khan, EU, Nasir, AB & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Methods for Estimating Internal Erosion in Embankment Dams', Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, Pakistan Geotechnical Engineering Society (PGES), Lahore, Pakistan, pp. 129-135.
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Historical data shows that piping failure is one of the most common modes of failure in dams. To evaluate the safety of dams it is necessary to estimate the internal erosion rate based on precise geotechnical and soil hydraulic properties. This paper presents two methods for estimating the internal erosion through embankment dams. The findings of this paper indicate that a combination of these two methods can lead to a more robust and reliable set of results when estimating internal erosion of embankment dams.
Khan, A, Zhang, J & Wang, Y 1970, 'Appearance-Based Re-identification of People in Video', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, pp. 357-362.
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This paper introduces the topic of appearance-based reidentification of people in video. This work is based on colour information of people's clothing. Most of the work described in the literature uses full body histogram. This paper evaluates the histogram method and describes ways of including spatial colour information. The paper proposes a colour-based appearance descriptor called Colour Context People Descriptor. All the methods are evaluated extensively. The results are reported in the experiments. It is concluded at the end that adding spatial colour information greatly improves the re-identification results. © 2010 IEEE.
Laird, J, Geers, DG, Wang, Y & Chou, CT 1970, 'Vehicle occlusion model for traffic monitoring', Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '10: 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, San Jose, CA, pp. 23-28.
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Lane, C, Gal, Y, Browne, M, Short, A, Strauss, D, Tomlinson, R, Jackson, K, Tan, C & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'A new system for breakzone location and the measurement of breaking wave heights and periods.', 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, pp. 2234-2236.
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This paper presents a new system for measuring breakzone locations, breaking wave height and wave periods across the surfzone from a digital video sequence. The system (Wave Pack) aims to provide real-time measurement of breaking and re-breaking wave heights and wave periods using low mounted video camera installations. Following on site data collection and analysis it was found that the Wave Pack system provides a low cost, robust, reliable and accurate system for measuring continuous wave height and period from a low elevation video camera aimed at the target beach under a wide range of wave conditions. These tests have verified the accuracy of Wave Pack in comparison to existing systems. © 2010 IEEE.
Lee, F, Almeida, M & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Physical modelling of soft ground problems', Physical Modelling in Geotechnics - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2010, ICPMG 2010, CRC Press, pp. 45-66.
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This paper reviews the application of physical modelling to soft ground engineering problems. The problems discussed include foundations and bearing problems, consolidation and preloading problems, ground improvement and underground constructions. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Lee, J, Blumenstein, M, Guan, H & Loo, Y-C 1970, 'Long-term Prediction of Bridge Element Performance Using Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNNs)', IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas, IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), pp. 374-375.
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<p>A bridge is principally designed to have a long service life. However, due to number factors, it could fail prematurely, and could cause loss of human life. In order to ensure the optimum bridge serviceability, systematic asset management is essential for effective decision-making of maintenance, repair and rehabilitation (MR&R). Systematic asset management can be achieved by a computer-based bridge management system (BMS). Successful BMS development requires a reliable bridge deterioration model, which is the most crucial component in a BMS. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are a major resource for predicting future bridge deterioration via BMSs. However, available historical condition ratings from most bridge agencies are very limited, thus posing a major barrier for predicting reliable future bridge performance.</p><p>This paper presents the progressive research on the development of a reliable bridge deterioration model using advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. The development is organised in three major steps: (1) generating unavailable past bridge element condition ratings using the Backward Prediction Model (BPM) - this helps to provide sufficient historical deterioration patterns for each element; (2) predicting long-term condition ratings based on the outcome of Step 1 using Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNNs); and (3) improving long-term prediction accuracy of Step 2 by employing Case-based Reasoning (CBR). This paper mainly focuses on the first two steps of the research. Promising results are reported for the reliable long-term prediction of bridge element performance.</p>
Li, J, Müller-Tomfelde, C & Hyatt, A 1970, 'Supporting collaborations across a biocontainment barrier', Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction, OZCHI '10: Proceedings of the 22th conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group of Australia on Computer-human interaction, ACM, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 320-323.
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We present the design process of a collaboration platform which allows research and diagnostics scientists in an animal health laboratory to work collaboratively across a biocontainment barrier. This Biosecurity Collaboration Platform (BCP) integrates high quality audio-video communications with a large shared interactive workspace. It enables real-time sharing of a broad range of data from various data repositories and computer applications, including microscope imaging. We describe the one-year design and development activities which included field study, scenario-based use case analysis, iterative design and evaluations. We highlight factors relating to the unique setting and the associated difficulties in information sharing and communication. We discuss the importance of an appropriate design approach and our solution of an integrated interaction and communication workspace with appropriate configurations to support the scientific collaborations.
Li, Z, Wang, Y, Chen, J, Xu, J & Larid, J 1970, 'Image Topic Discovery with Saliency Detection', Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2010, British Machine Vision Conference 2010, British Machine Vision Association.
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This work proposes a biologically inspired approach to integrate latent topic model with saliency detection. Firstly, a saliency detection algorithm is presented to discriminate salient objects from background parts in the image. A hierarchical latent topic model is proposed to discover image topics by combining subtopics of both salient objects and background parts. We test the algorithm on public image datasets for saliency detection and image categorization. The experimental results show that the proposed approach robustly detects salient objects and categorizes image data, and it outperforms state-of-the-art methods for both saliency detection and unsupervised topic modelling. © 2010. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.
Li, Z, Wang, Y, Geers, G, Chen, J, Yang, J & Laird, J 1970, 'Saliency based joint topic discovery for object categorization', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 4581-4584.
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Mahmoud, A, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Field-Based Land Cover Classification Aided with Texture Analyses Using Terrasar-X Data', 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 4.
Nguyen, V & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Techniques for static handwriting trajectory recovery', Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS '10: The Eighth IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, ACM, pp. 463-470.
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On-line handwriting recognition systems are usually better than their off-line counterparts thanks to the accessibility of dynamic information such as stroke order, velocity, acceleration, and pressure. Whilst the exact value of velocity as well as acceleration or pressure is unlikely to be recoverable, the temporal order of the strokes or the pen trajectory is shown to be more promising for recovery. The published experimental results suggest that the recovered pen trajectory information actually improves the off-line recognition accuracy. This paper presents an overview and discussion of pen trajectory recovery methods developed to date. Copyright 2010 ACM.
Nguyen, V, Kawazoe, Y, Wakabayashi, T, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Performance Analysis of the Gradient Feature and the Modified Direction Feature for Off-line Signature Verification', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 303-307.
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Feature extraction is an important process in offline signature verification. In this work, the performance of two feature extraction techniques, the Modified Direction Feature (MDF) and the gradient feature are compared on the basis of similar experimental settings. In addition, the performance of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and the squared Mahalanobis distance classifier employing the Gradient Feature are also compared and reported. Without using forgeries for training, experimental results indicated that an average error rate as low as 15.03% could be obtained using the gradient feature and SVMs. © 2010 IEEE.
Nimbalkar, SS & Choudhury, D 1970, 'Effect of Amplification on Seismic Stability of Tailings Dam', Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 340-345.
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The stability of tailings dams in earthquakes prone areas has become a matter of increasing concern as seismic knowledge has advanced. For the seismic slope stability assessment of tailings dam, majority of current design methodologies rely on the use of pseudo-static approach. However, the crude estimate of finding approximate seismic accelerations makes the pseudo-static approach too conservative to adopt in the stability assessment. In this paper, horizontal slice method is used which considers the seismic inertia forces acting on the sliding wedge of the tailings dam by incorporating the effects of time, phase difference and amplification in shear and primary waves along with the horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations and other soil properties. Results are provided in the graphical form for the stability analysis of tailings dam. © 2010 ASCE.
Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Acoustic radiation of friction-induced pad-mode instability in disc brake squeal', 20th International Congress on Acoustics 2010, ICA 2010 - Incorporating Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, pp. 2158-2168.
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Since the early 1920s, disc brake squeal has been an issue for the automobile industry due to dissatisfied customer's complaints and the accompanying warranty costs. Despite a good deal of progress having been made in predicting brake squeal propensity, not all mechanisms are known and brake squeal remains unpredictable and highly fugitive. In recent years, research has been focused on brake squeal due to the mode-coupling type of instability, leaving out the primary friction-induced mechanisms such as stick-slip. In this paper, the acoustic radiation of simplified brake systems, in the form of a pad rubbing on both a plate and disc, is investigated. The radiation efficiency and acoustic power are calculated using the acoustic boundary element method, specifically ESI's Fast Multipole Solver (DFMM) implemented in VAOne. Results show that there exist some frequencies at which squeal occurs but which are predicted by the complex eigenvalue method. These frequencies do not correspond to the frequencies of the rotor modes and are here referred to as 'instantaneous' pad-modes causing a friction-induced instability. The frequencies of these instantaneous modes are dependent on the material properties of the pad and the contact conditions. Radiation efficiency due to pressure variations changes less, than due to friction coefficient variations. Further, it is shown, that pad-modes are acoustically relevant and especially active at lower pressures.
Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Numerical methods for simulating brake squeal noise', 20th International Congress on Acoustics 2010, ICA 2010 - Incorporating Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, pp. 1505-1516.
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Due to significantly reduced interior noise as a result of reduction of noise from internal combustion engine and tyre-road contact noise and the use of lightweight composite materials for the car body, disc brake squeal has become increasingly a concern to automotive industry because of the high costs in warranty related claims. While it is now almost standard practice to use the complex eigenvalue method in commercial finite element codes to predict unstable vibration modes, not all predicted unstable vibration modes will squeal and vice versa. There are very few attempts to calculate the acoustic radiation from predicted unstable vibration modes. Guidelines on how to predict brake squeal propensity with confidence are yet to be established. In this study, three numerical aspects important for the prediction of brake squeal propensity are examined: how to select an appropriate mesh; comparisons of methods available in ABAQUS 6.8.-4 for harmonic forced response analysis; and comparisons of boundary element methods (BEM) for acoustic radiation calculations in LMS VL Acoustics and ESI VA. In the mesh study, results indicate that the mesh has to be sufficiently fine to predict mesh independent unstable modes. While linear and quadratic tetrahedral elements offer the best option in meshing more realistic structures, only quadratic tetrahedral elements should be used for solutions to be mesh independent. Otherwise, linear hexahedral elements represent an alternative but are not as easy to apply to complex structures. In the forced response study, the modal, subspace and direct steady-state response analysis in ABAQUS are compared to each other with the FRF synthesis case in LMS/VL Acoustics. Results show that only the direct method can take into account friction effects fully. In the numerical analysis with acoustic boundary elements, the following methods are compared in terms of performance and accuracy for a model of a sphere, a cat's eye radiator, a pad...
Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Numerical study of friction-induced pad-mode instability in disc brake squeal', 20th International Congress on Acoustics 2010, ICA 2010 - Incorporating Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, pp. 2146-2157.
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Disc brake squeal as a major source of customer dissatisfaction is known to be friction-induced due to the highly non-linear contact of the surfaces between the disc and the pads. Brake squeal remains fugitive and difficult to predict also to some of its squeal frequencies have varying character and cannot always be associated with component modes. By means of structural finite element analysis, a simplified brake system in the form of a pin-on-disc is firstly approximated by a block sliding on a plate. By varying pressure and the friction coefficient, no mode coupling instability is observed and the mechanism extracted is purely of friction-induced nature. Especially in-plane pad motion in direction of and perpendicular to the sliding direction seem to feed-in most of the energy. These modes and their variability due to pressure variation, changes of lining material's elastic components and increased friction coefficient are studied in the following by means of the plate model. Then, it is shown, that these pad modes also exist for a pad-on-disc model with isotropic lining material. A second pad-on-plate model with more realistic lining material is developed which considers changes of elastic constants due to pressure variations. It is found, that changes in elastic properties of the lining material influence significantly the vibrations of the pad modes. The kinetic energy spectrum lifts up with changing pressure and stiffness and that combined effects of pressure synchronised with changing material properties are more severe than could be assumed by the complex eigenvalue method alone. By means of inverse Fourier transform of the response spectrum and non-linear time series analysis it is possible to detect the instability of the pad-on-plate model. The results show that friction-induced instabilities result from non-binding forces between pad and disc, with energy transfer from pad to disc causing dynamic instability, might trigger mode coupling or ...
Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Uncertainty modelling for detecting friction-induced pad-mode instabilities in disc brake squeal', 20th International Congress on Acoustics 2010, ICA 2010 - Incorporating Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, pp. 1517-1528.
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Since the early 1930s, brake squeal has been a problem for NVH departments and the high-pitched noise causes customers to complain and lodge costly warranty claims. Due to its friction-induced nature, material properties and operating conditions, the problem of brake squeal is non-linear and highly complex. In the past, research has been focussed on mode-coupling instability predicted by the complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA). However, for unstable modes not detected by CEA, friction-induced energy fed back by the pad modes, due to the friction coefficient, pressure variations and non-linear material properties, has been shown, by means of non-linear time series analyses and the acoustic boundary element method, to cause friction-induced pad squeal or to amplify the mode coupling of brake components for a pad-on-plate system. It is suggested that pad mode instabilities be treated as a stochastic process defined by a random 3-parameter-space: the mean changes in kinetic energy, frequency and acoustic power caused by changes in pressure or the friction coefficient. It is shown that, for a pad-on-plate system and a pad-on-disc simplified brake system, this stochastic approach enables the probability to be calculated for a specified increase in kinetic energy or a specified change in frequencies, thus allowing the assessment of brake squeal propensity and the development of strategies for controlling brake squeal. Copyright © (2010) by the International Congress on Acoustics.
Odeh, N, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'Low Complexity Interference Aware Distributed Resource Allocation for Multi-cell OFDMA Cooperative Relay Networks', 2010 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC 2010), Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEEXplore, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper we focus on the subcarrier allocation for the uplink OFDMA based cooperative relay networks. Multiple cells were considered, each composed of a single base station (destination), multiple amplify and forward (AF) relay stations and multiple subscriber stations (sources). The effects of inter-cell interference (ICI) have been considered to optimize the subcarrier allocation with low complexity. The optimization problem aims to maximize the sum rate of all sources and at the same time maintain the fairness among them. Full channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be available at the base station. In the proposed algorithm the subcarrier allocation is performed in three steps; firstly the subcarriers are allocated to the Relay Stations (RSs) by which the received ICI on each RS is minimized. Then, the pre-allocated subcarriers are allocated to subscribers to achieve their individual rate requirements. Finally the remaining subcarriers are allocated to subscribers with the best channel condition to maximize the total sum of their data rates. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the complexity with almost the same achievable rate of the optimal allocation in a single cell case. In case of multi-cell, the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in terms of total network achievable data rate and overall network complexity. ©2010 IEEE.
Parsa Pajouh, A, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Uncertainties of Smear Zone Characteristics in the Design of Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains', The 4th International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics (ICSESM 2010), International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics, Iranian Geotechnical Society (IGS), Tehran, Iran, pp. 1-8.
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Installing prefabricated vertical drains using mandrels induces disturbance of the soil surrounding the drain, resulting in a smear zone with the reduced permeability. The required time for pore pressure dissipation in preloading design is strongly associated with the smear zone characteristics. In this study, the effects of smear zone properties on preloading time are numerically investigated. Parametric study is conducted to find out the range of smear zone parameters significantly influencing the consolidation period. It is observed that the characteristics of smear zone namely size and permeability have a substantial impact on the preloading design to achieve certain soil strength and stiffness satisfying both bearing capacity and settlement design criteria.
Pradhan, B & Mansor, S 1970, 'An application of neural network model for landslide susceptibility classification on Pahang area, Malaysia', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 815.
Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Manifestation of a neuro-fuzzy model to produce landslide susceptibility map using remote sensing data derived parameters', 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 4.
Pradhan, B, Lee, S, Hyun-Joo, O & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'Validation of a neural network model using cross application approaches', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 988.
Pradhan, B, Sezer, E, Gokceoglu, C & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'ANFIS modeling for the assessment of landslide susceptibility for the Cameron Highland (Malaysia)', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 12.
Ruzinoor, CM, Shariff, ARM, Mahmud, AR, Pradhan, B & Rahim, MS 1970, 'Development of online 3D terrain for oil palm plantation', World Engineering Congress (WEC 2010), Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia.
Ruzinoor, CM, Shariff, ARM, Mahmud, AR, Pradhan, B & Rahim, MSM 1970, '3D terrain visualization: a comparison of different contour intervals for terrain data draped with aerial photograph', Proceedings of 6th Remote Sensing and GIS Conference and Exhibition (MRSS 2010), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sahbi, H & Audibert, J-Y 1970, 'Network-dependent kernels for image ranking', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, pp. 4581-4584.
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We present a novel approach of saliency based image categorization using topic model. In each image, salient foreground objects are discriminated from background scene by saliency detection. Then topic model is used to jointly discover topics of foreground and background. Our approach can categorize images in a completely unsupervised manner and achieve higher performance than previous categorization methods, especially for those images with similar foreground/background. © 2010 IEEE.
Saleh, A & Li, J 1970, 'Innovative Assessment and Feedback System for Structural Engineering Education', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 315-321.
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Commercial Online course management platforms are increasingly used in teaching and learning in many disciplines. However their use for setting assessment tasks in engineering education is often difficult and limited in achieving desired teaching and learning objectives. This is partly due to the nature of engineering exercise problems which often requires equation manipulation and multi-stage problem solving. This paper presents an innovative spreadsheet based tool which is designed to cater for this type of problem. The tool was developed for both formative and summative assessments and with a resource optimal capability to automate both marking and collecting timely feedback from students on their perceived learning. It aims to encourage active learning with activatable hints and to minimise plagiarism by generating individual assignment data for each student.
Sezer, E, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 1970, 'An application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to landslide susceptibility mapping (Klang valley, Malaysia)', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 48.
Shao, W, Bouzerdoum, A, Phung, SL, Su, L, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Automatic classification of GPR signals', Proceedings of the XIII Internarional Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, 2010 13th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2010), IEEE.
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Ground penetrating radar has been widely used in many areas. However, the processing and interpretation of acquired signals remains a challenging task since it requires experienced users to manage the whole operations. In this paper, we propose an automatic classification system to categorise GPR signals based on magnitude spectrum amplitudes and support vector machines. The system is tested on a real-world GPR data set. The experimental results show that our system can correctly distinguish ground penetrating radar signals reflected by different materials. ©2009 IEEE.
Sheng, D & Zhou, A 1970, 'Fundamentals of Unsaturated Soil Modelling: Have We Got It Right?', Experimental and Applied Modeling of Unsaturated Soils, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 104-118.
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An unsaturated soil is not a special type of soil, rather a state of the soil. All soils can be unsaturated with water. There are many concepts specifically related to constitutive models for unsaturated soils, e.g., suction, net stress, apparent consolidation, loading-collapse yield surface, suction-increase yield surface, etc. These concepts are not always well understood and also seem to make unsaturated soils very special. This paper gives a critical review of these concepts, in an attempt to clarify some common confusion in constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils. © 2010 ASCE.
Sheng, D & Zhou, AN 1970, 'A comparative study of shear strength equations for unsaturated soils', Unsaturated Soils: Theoretical and Numerical Advances in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics - Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Newcastle, AUSTRALIA, pp. 765-774.
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Shear strength is the one of the most fundamental issues in the study of unsaturated soils. Different strength equations have been proposed for predicting shear strength of unsaturated soils. Some of these equations are based on regression of experimental data, while some of them are embodied in more complex stress-strain constitutive models. In this paper, a number of shear strength equations for unsaturated soils are examined and compared with experimental data. Data for both air-dried and compacted specimens are used in the comparison. The advantages and limitations associated with different equations are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Sheng, D, Zhou, A & Yamamoto, H 1970, 'MECHANICS OF UNSATURATED SOILS: DISCUSSION ON FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES', RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, 4th Japan-China Geotechnical Symposium, JAPANESE GEOTECHNICAL SOC, Okinawa, JAPAN, pp. 127-134.
Shrestha, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Improving Reinforced Soil Performance Incorporating Vertical Reinforcement', Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, Shanghai, China, pp. 249-254.
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Reinforced soils have been widely used in different variety and range of applications. Applying vertical reinforcement along with conventional horizontal reinforcement, a new concept of soil reinforcement, is proposed in this paper. The primary difference between the general practice and the insertion of vertical reinforcement is that the latter provides passive resistance against shearing, making all the layers intact that will increase the strength and stability of the reinforced soil. Different modes of failure can be tackled by this improvement in reinforced soil technology. Vertical reinforcement cages the soils in different units along with layered by horizontal reinforcement and produce intact effects in soil mass. It enhances the tensile strength and provides bending effects. Likewise, implementing vertical reinforcement reduces the induced tensile stresses in horizontal reinforcement, which results in less length. The main objective of the vertical reinforcement is to stitch horizontal reinforcing layers to each other. This paper also presents possible methods of construction process. This technology can add numerous benefits to the current industry of soil reinforcement.
Solowski, W, Sheng, D & Sloan, S 1970, 'Explicit stress integration with reduced drift for Barcelona Basic Model', Unsaturated Soils - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, CRC Press, pp. 1075-1080.
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The paper studies the effectiveness of a drift reduction method in integrating unsaturated soil models. The drift reduction is based on the NI CE (Next Increment Corrects Error) method. The NI CE method can be applied to any explicit stress integration method based on Runge-Kutta method. The performance of the stress integration enhanced by the NICE scheme is demonstrated with the Barcelona Basic Model. Numerical studies in this paper involve the integration of the Barcelona Basic Model with different numbers of strain increments and different sets of model parameters and initial conditions. The improved algorithm does not require any significant computations, thus the drift reduction is virtually accomplished without significant cost. The reduction in the yield surface drift appears to be rather significant, suggesting that under normal circumstances no additional drift correction method is required. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Sołowski, WT & Sheng, D 1970, 'A simple time stepping algorithm for Material Point Method', Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering - Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 157-162.
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The Material Point Method (MPM) is an emerging numerical method that provides a natural solution to dynamic problems involving large deformation and contact/impact. However, the method can be prohibitively time consuming because extremely small time steps often have to be used to obtain a reliable solution. The paper presents an adaptive time stepping algorithm with error control for the material point method. The proposed approach is based on an error estimate derived from the global energy. This error estimate is then used to control the time step size. The proposed algorithm is validated for a 1D dynamic problem involving impact of two elastic bars. The proposed time stepping algorithm seems to be able to recover the correct solution with arbitrary step sizes specified by the user. As such, it is hoped that the proposed algorithm may offer a way to overcome some of the shortcomings of the MPM. A conceptually similar algorithm may be used for 2D & 3D problems with more advanced boundary conditions and material models. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Son, J, Lee, J, Guan, H, Loo, Y & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'ANN-based structural element performance model for reliable bridge asset management', Proceedings of Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 775-780.
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Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) have been developed to assist in the management of a large bridge network. Historical condition ratings obtained from bridge inspections are major resources for predicting future deteriorations via BMSs. Available historical condition ratings in most bridge agencies, however, are very limited, and thus posing a major barrier for predicting reliable future structural performance. To alleviate this problem, A Backward Prediction Model (BPM) technique has been developed to help generate missing historical condition ratings which is crucial for bridge deterioration models to be able to predict more accurate solutions. Nevertheless, there are still considerable limitations in the existing bridge deterioration models. In view of this, feasibility study ofTime Delay Neural Network (TDNN) using BPM-generated historical condition ratings is conducted as an alternative to existing bridge deterioration models. It is anticipated that the TDNN using BPM-generated data can lead to further improvement of the current BMS outcome. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
Tuxworth, G, Meedeniya, A & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Segmentation of Inter-neurons in Three Dimensional Brain Imagery', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 145-152.
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Segmentation of neural cells in three dimensional fluorescence microscopy images is a challenging image processing problem. In addition to being important to neurobiologists, accurate segmentation is a vital component of an automated image processing system. Due to the complexity of the data, particularly the extreme irregularity in neural cell shape, generic segmentation techniques do not perform well. This paper presents a novel segmentation technique for segmenting neural cells in three dimensional images. Accuracy rates of over 90% are reported on a data set of 100 images containing over 130 neural cells and subsequently validated using a novel data set of 64 neurons. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
Wang, JC-P, Hagelstein, B & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Experimental Evaluation of IEEE 802.11s Path Selection Protocols in a Mesh Testbed', 2010 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS), International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-3.
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IEEE 802.11s is an upcoming standard that defines how wireless devices can interconnect in a multi-hop configuration. While there are several protocol stacks based on the IEEE 802.11s draft standard, there has not been a formal study or comparison examining their practical performance. This paper evaluates the routing performance of open80211s in a real-world mesh testbed. The experiments benchmark open80211s against two established network layer routing protocols - OLSR and B.A.T.M.A.N.. The experimental results show that open80211s does not outperform existing routing protocols in practice. This indicates that more design and development effort is required for IEEE 802.11s to yield the performance that is expected for an IEEE standard protocol. ©2010 IEEE.
Yang, J, Wang, Y, Sowmya, A & Li, Z 1970, 'Vehicle detection and tracking with low-angle cameras', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 685-688.
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Yang, J, Wang, Y, Sowmya, A, Zhang, B, Xu, J & Li, Z 1970, 'Affinity Propagation Feature Clustering with Application to Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Road Traffic Surveillance', 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, pp. 414-419.
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In this paper, we investigate the applicability of the newly proposed data clustering method, affinity propagation, in feature points clustering and the task of vehicle detection and tracking in road traffic surveillance. We propose a model-based temporal association scheme and novel preprocessing and postprocessing operations which together with affinity propagation make a quite successful method for the given task. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and its superiority over the state-of-the-art algorithm. © 2010 IEEE.
Zhang, B, Ye, G, Wang, Y, Wang, W, Xu, J, Herman, G & Yang, Y 1970, 'Multi-class Graph Boosting with Subgraph Sharing for Object Recognition', 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), IEEE, pp. 1541-1544.
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In this paper, we propose a novel multi-class graph boosting algorithm to recognize different visual objects. The proposed method treats subgraph as feature to construct base classifier, and utilizes popular error correcting output code scheme to solve multi-class problem. Both factors, base classifier and error-correcting coding matrix are considered simultaneously. And subgragphs, which are shareable by different classes, are wisely used to improve the classification performance. The experimental results on multi-class object recognition show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2010 IEEE.
Zhou, AN & Sheng, D 1970, 'Yield stress and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils', Unsaturated Soils: Theoretical and Numerical Advances in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics - Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Newcastle, AUSTRALIA, pp. 879-885.
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The SFG model (Sheng et al., 2008) provides a consistent explanation of yield stress, shear strength and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils as functions of suctions. All these functions are based on one single equation that defines the volume change with suction and stress changes. This paper provides a systematic validation of the equation against experimental data. The experimental data used in the paper include those for samples prepared from slurry soils and compacted soils. It is shown that (1) the method currently used to determine yield stresses of unsaturated soils is incorrect, and (2) volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils can well be predicted by the SFG model. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
