Alonso Debreczeni, F & Bailey, PE 2021, 'A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Subjective Age and the Association With Cognition, Subjective Well-Being, and Depression', The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 471-482.
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Abstract Objectives A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the degree to which subjective age is associated with cognition, subjective well-being, and depression. Method A systematic search was performed in three electronic social scientific databases, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science in May 2018. A manual forward and backward citation search of articles meeting the criteria for inclusion, including a mean participant age of 40+ years, was conducted in November 2019. Twenty-four independent data sets were included in the meta-analysis. Results Overall, a younger subjective age was related to enhanced subjective well-being and cognitive performance, and reduced depressive symptoms (r = .18). This association was stronger among collectivist (r = .24) than individualist (r = .16) cultures. Mean chronological age across samples (ranging from 55 to 83 years), type of subjective age scoring, and gender did not influence the strength of the overall association. Further analysis revealed that subjective age was individually associated with depressive symptoms (r = .20), subjective well-being (r = .17), and cognition (r = .14), and none had a stronger association with subjective age than the other. Discussion The results indicate a small yet significant association between subjective age and important developmental outcomes.
Andrews, S & Veldre, A 2021, 'Wrapping up Sentence Comprehension: The Role of Task Demands and Individual Differences', Scientific Studies of Reading, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 123-140.
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Aouad, P, Hay, P, Soh, N, Touyz, S, Mannan, H & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Chew and spit (CHSP) in a large adolescent sample: prevalence, impact on health-related quality of life, and relation to other disordered eating features', Eating Disorders, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 509-522.
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Bailey, PE, Ebner, NC & Stine-Morrow, EAL 2021, 'Introduction to the special issue on prosociality in adult development and aging: Advancing theory within a multilevel framework.', Psychology and Aging, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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Prosociality refers to a broad set of behavioral, motivational, cognitive, affective, and social processes that contribute to, and/or are focused on, the welfare of others. This overview summarizes 10 articles included in the special issue on this topic. In discussing this research relative to existing theories, we situate this work within Penner et al.'s (Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 2005, 365-392) multilevel framework that recognizes distinct yet integrated levels of analysis to characterize micro- (i.e., intraindividual), meso- (i.e., interpersonal), and macro- (i.e., sociocultural and organizational contexts) level effects. While there is some evidence for lifespan continuity in prosocial dispositions at the micro level, the influences of long-term learning and socialization processes at the meso and macro levels are likely to be maximized in older age. Aside from formal voluteering, the adult lifespan development of prosociality has only recently received attention, especially with respect to influences beyond the micro level. This special issue encompasses research examining developmental change and stability in prosociality that collectively cuts across levels of analysis to inform theories in both adult development and aging and prosociality more generally. We propose future directions that take an integrative approach to understanding the development of prosociality by considering interactions among micro, meso, and macro levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Bailey, PE, Ebner, NC, Moustafa, AA, Phillips, JR, Leon, T & Weidemann, G 2021, 'The weight of advice in older age.', Decision, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 123-132.
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Seeking advice from others may improve decision-making, particularly in older adults when cognitive decline can impair decision-making. This study measured the extent to which older adults rated the value of advice and used that advice in their decisions. Young (aged 18–37 years; n = 57) and older (aged 62–84 years; n = 56) adults completed a judge-advisor task incorporating advice from an expert and a novice. To capture interindividual differences in ratings of advice value and advice use (i.e., weight of advice), desire for autonomy, working memory, and fluid intelligence were assessed. Relative to young adults, older adults rated novice advice as being more valuable and were more likely to adjust their estimates based on expert and especially novice advice. Among older adults, poorer working memory and reduced preference for autonomous decision-making were associated with greater ratings of the value of novice advice, while better fluid intelligence was associated with increased ratings of the value of expert advice. Overall, older adults give more weight to advice and cognitive decline appears to compromise discrimination of the quality of that advice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Bowman, SJ, Casey, LJ, McAloon, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Assessing gender dysphoria: A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures.', Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 398-409.
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Over the last decade the manner in which gender dysphoria is defined has changed significantly, as have the presentations of transgender clients to specialist gender services. While the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess gender dysphoria is widespread, there is a lack of literature that assesses the methodological quality of these measures. To address the limits of the existing literature, the aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of PROMs that assess gender dysphoria. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA and COSMIN methodologies. Five measurement studies met inclusion criteria. Results suggested that none of the measures could be recommended for use without further development. Poor content validity was evident across all measures and internal validity and construct validity were mixed, ranging from ‘inadequate’ to ‘very good’. Measures that show promise for the future include the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale, Gender Identity Reflection and Rumination Scale, Gender Pre-occupation and Stability Questionnaire, and Transgender Adaptation and Integration Measure. A need to develop reliable and valid measures that are appropriate for use with adolescent samples experiencing gender dysphoria was also identified.
Brady, B, Gonsalvez, C, Kneebone, II, Wufong, E & Bailey, PE 2021, 'Age-related differences in instructed positive reappraisal and mindful attention', Mindfulness, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 646-658.
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The present study assessed age-related differences in the success of instructed mindful attention and positive reappraisal, as well as trait affect and emotion regulation. Methods: Young and older adults were instructed to regulate their emotions while viewing frightening and amusing films using three separate instructions (just watch, positive reappraisal, or mindful attention). Participants rated the strength of their experience of the target emotion (fear or amusement) and success in following the instruction to regulate. Electrodermal activity was recorded continuously, and facial electromyography measured positive and negative facial expression. Trait measures of affect and emotion regulation were also administered. Results: Electrodermal activity provided strong evidence that young adults successfully regulate fear using mindful attention and positive reappraisal relative to a just watch condition. Older adults’ electrodermal activity is was constant across conditions, and lower than young adults’ in the just watch condition, suggesting general hyporeactivity to fear. Subjective data suggest that young, but not older, adults successfully downregulate amusement using mindful attention. Conclusion: These findings provide some evidence for emotion regulation benefits in young relative to older age. However, these youthful benefits may reflect reduced initial reactivity among older adults.
Bulsara, SM, Wainberg, ML, Rogers, K, McAloon, J, Grove, R & Newton-John, TRO 2021, 'The Role of Comorbidity on Retention in HIV Care', AIDS and Behavior, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1532-1541.
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Retention is a central component of the Cascade, facilitating monitoring of comorbidity. Country-specific definitions differ and may suit stable and functioning clients, while not appropriately classifying complex clinical presentations characterized by comorbidity. A retrospective file review of 363 people living with HIV attending a Sydney HIV clinic was conducted. Retention was compared with Australian (attendance once/12-months) and World Health Organization (attendance 'appropriate to need') recommendations to identify those attending according to the Australian definition, but not clinician recommendations (AUnotWHO). Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the impact of age/sex and clinician-assessed comorbidity on retention. Most (97%) participants were considered retained according to the Australian definition, but only 56.7% according to clinician recommendations. Those with psychosocial comorbidity alone were less likely to be in the AUnotWHO group (OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.27-0.96, p = 0.04). The interaction of physical and psychosocial comorbidity was predictive of poor retention (Wald test: χ2 = 6.39, OR 2.39 [95% CI 1.15-4.97], p = 0.01), suggesting a syndemic relationship.
Byers-Heinlein, K, Tsui, ASM, Bergmann, C, Black, AK, Brown, A, Carbajal, MJ, Durrant, S, Fennell, CT, Fiévet, A-C, Frank, MC, Gampe, A, Gervain, J, Gonzalez-Gomez, N, Hamlin, JK, Havron, N, Hernik, M, Kerr, S, Killam, H, Klassen, K, Kosie, JE, Kovács, ÁM, Lew-Williams, C, Liu, L, Mani, N, Marino, C, Mastroberardino, M, Mateu, V, Noble, C, Orena, AJ, Polka, L, Potter, CE, Schreiner, MS, Singh, L, Soderstrom, M, Sundara, M, Waddell, C, Werker, JF & Wermelinger, S 2021, 'A Multilab Study of Bilingual Infants: Exploring the Preference for Infant-Directed Speech', Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 251524592097462-251524592097462.
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From the earliest months of life, infants prefer listening to and learn better from infant-directed speech (IDS) compared with adult-directed speech (ADS). Yet IDS differs within communities, across languages, and across cultures, both in form and in prevalence. This large-scale, multisite study used the diversity of bilingual infant experiences to explore the impact of different types of linguistic experience on infants’ IDS preference. As part of the multilab ManyBabies 1 project, we compared preference for North American English (NAE) IDS in lab-matched samples of 333 bilingual and 384 monolingual infants tested in 17 labs in seven countries. The tested infants were in two age groups: 6 to 9 months and 12 to 15 months. We found that bilingual and monolingual infants both preferred IDS to ADS, and the two groups did not differ in terms of the overall magnitude of this preference. However, among bilingual infants who were acquiring NAE as a native language, greater exposure to NAE was associated with a stronger IDS preference. These findings extend the previous finding from ManyBabies 1 that monolinguals learning NAE as a native language showed a stronger IDS preference than infants unexposed to NAE. Together, our findings indicate that IDS preference likely makes similar contributions to monolingual and bilingual development, and that infants are exquisitely sensitive to the nature and frequency of different types of language input in their early environments.
Byers‐Heinlein, K, Tsui, RK, van Renswoude, D, Black, AK, Barr, R, Brown, A, Colomer, M, Durrant, S, Gampe, A, Gonzalez‐Gomez, N, Hay, JF, Hernik, M, Jartó, M, Kovács, ÁM, Laoun‐Rubenstein, A, Lew‐Williams, C, Liszkowski, U, Liu, L, Noble, C, Potter, CE, Rocha‐Hidalgo, J, Sebastian‐Galles, N, Soderstrom, M, Visser, I, Waddell, C, Wermelinger, S & Singh, L 2021, 'The development of gaze following in monolingual and bilingual infants: A multi‐laboratory study', Infancy, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 4-38.
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AbstractDetermining the meanings of words requires language learners to attend to what other people say. However, it behooves a young language learner to simultaneously encode relevant non‐verbal cues, for example, by following the direction of their eye gaze. Sensitivity to cues such as eye gaze might be particularly important for bilingual infants, as they encounter less consistency between words and objects than monolingual infants, and do not always have access to the same word‐learning heuristics (e.g., mutual exclusivity). In a preregistered study, we tested the hypothesis that bilingual experience would lead to a more pronounced ability to follow another's gaze. We used a gaze‐following paradigm developed by Senju and Csibra (Current Biology, 18, 2008, 668) to test a total of 93 6‐ to 9‐month‐old and 229 12‐ to 15‐month‐old monolingual and bilingual infants, in 11 laboratories located in 8 countries. Monolingual and bilingual infants showed similar gaze‐following abilities, and both groups showed age‐related improvements in speed, accuracy, frequency, and duration of fixations to congruent objects. Unexpectedly, bilinguals tended to make more frequent fixations to on‐screen objects, whether or not they were cued by the actor. These results suggest that gaze sensitivity is a fundamental aspect of development that is robust to variation in language exposure.
Cartwright, C, Hayes, JA, Yang, Y & Shires, A 2021, '“Thinking it through”: toward a model of reflective practice for trainee psychologists’ countertransference reactions', Australian Psychologist, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 168-180.
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Objective: Understanding and managing countertransference (CT) is challenging for therapists and more so for trainees. This study aimed to understand more about trainees’ experiences of CT; and to consider the usefulness for reflective practice of a five component model of CT (origins, triggers, manifestations, effects, and management) and the importance of feedback. Method: Trainee psychologists in Australia and New Zealand took part in a CT training and were invited to take part in the study. Trainees were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions in which they received regular feedback or feedback at the end of the study. Nineteen trainees completed 93 reflective logs. Data from the logs were analysed using thematic analyses. Results: Most trainees perceived their CT originated from formative experiences and personality qualities and were triggered by client concerns and behaviours. They described a wide range of CT manifestations; and perceived the effects of CT as mainly negative. More trainees in the regular feedback condition, compared to post-completion, engaged with the activity. However, there was no difference in themes that emerged in the two groups. Conclusions: The five-component model of CT provides a method for reflecting on CT and could be used to enhance trainees’ reflective practice. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1)Little is known about trainee psychologists’ experiences of countertransference although there is evidence that trainees experience difficulties understanding and managing their countertransference reactions. (2)Understanding and managing countertransference supports positive therapy outcomes. (3)Hayes’ (1995) model of countertransference proposes five components–origins, triggers, manifestations, effects, and management. What this paper adds: (1)The study provides greater insight into trainees’ views of the five components of countertransference. (2)Hayes’ (1995) model of countertransference appears to p...
Caruana, N & Seymour, K 2021, 'Bottom-up processing of fearful and angry facial expressions is intact in schizophrenia', Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 183-198.
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Casey, LJ, Bowman, SJ, Power, E, McAloon, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'A cognitive-behavioral exploration of the psychological impact of the Australian Marriage Law postal survey: A reflexive thematic analysis.', Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 91-102.
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Chu, J, Ganson, KT, Vittinghoff, E, Mitchison, D, Hay, P, Tabler, J, Rodgers, RF, Murray, SB & Nagata, JM 2021, 'Weight Goals, Disordered Eating Behaviors, and BMI Trajectories in US Young Adults', Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 2622-2630.
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AbstractBackgroundCommunity sample data indicate that weight control efforts in young adulthood may have associations with greater increases in body mass index (BMI) over time.ObjectiveTo determine the prospective associations between weight goals and behaviors in young adults and BMI trajectories over 15-year follow-up using a nationally representative sample.DesignLongitudinal cohort data collected from 2001 to 2018 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.ParticipantsYoung adults aged 18–26 years old at baseline stratified by gender and BMI category.Main MeasuresPredictors: weight goals, any weight loss/maintenance behaviors, dieting, exercise, disordered eating behaviors. Outcomes: BMI at 7- and 15-year follow-up.Key ResultsOf the 12,155 young adults in the sample (54% female, 32% non-White), 33.2% reported a goal to lose weight, 15.7% to gain weight, and 14.6% to maintain weight. In unadjusted models, all groups have higher mean BMI at 7- and 15-year follow-up. In mixed effect models, goals to lose weight in men with BMI < 18.5 (5.94 kg/m2; 95% CI 2.58, 9.30) and goals to maintain weight in men with BMI ≥ 25 (0.44; 95% CI 0.15, 0.72) were associated with greater BMI increase compared to no weight goal. Engaging in disordered eating behaviors was associated with greater BMI increase in men with BMI < 18.5 (5.91; 2.96, 8.86) and women with 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 (0.40; 0.16, 0.63). Dieting (− 0.24; − 0.41, − 0.06) and exercise (− 0.31; − 0.45, − 0.17) were associated with lower BMI increase in women with 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25. In w...
Ciria, LF, Watson, P, Vadillo, MA & Luque, D 2021, 'Is the habit system altered in individuals with obesity? A systematic review', Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 128, pp. 621-632.
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Compte, EJ, Nagata, JM, Sepúlveda, AR, Silva, BC, Cortes, C, Bidacovich, G, Brown, TA, Blashill, AJ, Lavender, JM, Mitchison, D, Mond, JM, Castillo, I, López, PL, Muiños, R, Rutsztein, G, Torrente, F & Murray, SB 2021, 'Development and validation of a multicultural Spanish-language version of the Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) in Argentina', Eating Behaviors, vol. 43, pp. 101542-101542.
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Cunningham, ML, Rodgers, RF, Pinkus, RT, Nagata, JM, Trompeter, N, Mitchison, D, Murray, SB, Szabo, M & Lavender, JM 2021, 'Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test in university women in Australia', International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 1956-1966.
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AbstractObjectiveToned muscularity continues to emerge as a salient aspect of women's body image. However, there is a dearth of research investigating the potentially maladaptive eating practices and related cognitions that accompany the drive for muscularity in women. This may be attributable to the limited empirical and clinical attention previously given to muscularity‐oriented disordered eating and, accordingly, the lack of validated measures assessing these concerns. To address this knowledge gap, our study aimed to provide a preliminary evaluation of the factor structure and core psychometric properties of a recently developed measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating, the Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET), in university women in Australia.MethodParticipants included 419 university women who completed the 15‐item MOET and other self‐report measures for validity evaluation as part of an online survey. Data from split‐half samples were used to undertake an exploratory factor analysis and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsFactor analytic results supported a briefer (12‐item), one‐factor scale in this sample of university women. The internal consistency reliability and validity (convergent and discriminant) of this 12‐item unidimensional MOET was supported.DiscussionOur study provides preliminary support for this modified MOET as a psychometrically sound self‐report measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in university women in Australia, providing a useful tool for understanding maladaptive eating behaviors and cognitions concomitant to the pursuit of muscularity in this population.
Curtis, GJ & Tremayne, K 2021, 'Is plagiarism really on the rise? Results from four 5-yearly surveys', Studies in Higher Education, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 1816-1826.
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Day, S, Bussey, K, Trompeter, N, Hay, P, Lonergan, A & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Associations of weight‐ or shape‐related bullying with diverse disordered eating behaviors in adolescents', International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 1641-1651.
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AbstractObjectiveLittle research has investigated variables affecting the relationship between weight‐ or shape‐related bullying (WSB) and specific forms of disordered eating in adolescence. This study aimed to examine the relationship between WSB and eating disorder behaviors in Australian adolescents, and whether this relationship was moderated by body image attitudes.MethodData were used from the first wave of the EveryBODY study, a survey of body image concerns and eating disorders in a large representative sample of Australian adolescents (N = 573), aged 11–19 years. Participants completed an online survey with measures of WSB frequency, body image attitudes (drives for thinness, leanness, and muscularity), and disordered eating behaviors.ResultsResults indicated that frequency of WSB was positively associated with purging and muscularity‐oriented behavior (MOB), but not dietary restriction, binge eating, or compulsive exercise. The relationship between WSB and MOB was moderated by drive for muscularity, such that victimization frequency was positively associated with MOB for those with high, but not low, desire to attain a muscular physique.DiscussionFindings indicate that WSB is positively associated with purging and MOB but not other eating disorder behaviors, and that drive for muscularity moderates its effect on some behaviors. Understanding these relationships will be important in implementing tailored interventions for adolescents based on screening for victimization experiences and specific body image attitudes.
Dedousis-Wallace, A, Drysdale, SA, McAloon, J & Ollendick, TH 2021, 'Parental and Familial Predictors and Moderators of Parent Management Treatment Programs for Conduct Problems in Youth', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 92-119.
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Despite the established efficacy of Parent Management Training (PMT) for conduct problems in youth, evidence suggests that up to half of all treated youth still display clinical levels of disruptive behavior post-treatment. The reasons for these unsatisfactory outcomes are poorly understood. The aim of the present review was to provide an updated analysis of studies from the past 15 years that examined parental and familial predictors and moderators of improvement in PMT for conduct problems. A systematic literature review of indicated prevention (children with conduct problem symptoms) and intervention (children with clinical diagnoses) studies published between 2004 and 2019 was conducted. This 15-year time period was examined since the last systematic reviews were reported in 2006 and summarized studies completed through mid-2004 (see Lundahl et al. in Clin Psychol Rev 26(1):86-104, 2006; Reyno and McGrath in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47(1):99-111, 2006). Risk of bias indices was also computed (see Higgins et al. in Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), University of Bristol, Bristol, 2016) in our review. A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that a positive parent-child relationship was most strongly associated with better outcomes; however, little additional consistency in findings was evident. Future PMT research should routinely examine predictors and moderators that are both conceptually and empirically associated with treatment outcomes. This would further our understanding of factors that are associated with poorer treatment outcome and inform the development of treatment components or modes of delivery that might likely enhance evidence-based treatments and our clinical science. Protocol Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42017058996.
Efron, G & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Remote cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: A meta-analysis', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 79, pp. 102385-102385.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an established treatment for panic disorder (PD). Remote CBT (RCBT) is becoming increasingly popular and has the potential to enhance access to this treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of RCBT for PD using a meta-analytic approach. An electronic database search was used to identify relevant articles and the references of previously completed reviews. Twenty-one studies (n = 1,604; mean age range: 31.9-43.9; mean female representation = 71 %) were included in the meta-analysis. 14/21 (67 %; n = 817 of the included studies were randomised controlled trials and 7/21 (33 %; n = 787) were open trials or non-randomised controlled trials. Pooled within-group effect sizes across all remote treatments for PD symptoms were large from pre-treatment to post-treatment (Hedges' g = 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.99-1.36) and pre-treatment to follow-up (Hedges' g = 1.51; 95 % CI: 1.22-1.79). Pooled between-group findings indicate that remote CBT treatments are more effective than passive control (Hedges' g = 1.17; 95 % CI: 0.85-1.50), but are similar to other active treatments on measures of PD symptoms (e.g., face-to-face CBT) (Hedges' g = 0.02; 95 % CI: -0.43 to 0.48). Internet-delivered CBT (Hedges' g = 1.10, 95 % CI: 0.91-1.30), videoconferencing-delivered CBT (Hedges' g = 1.40, 95 % CI: 0.85-1.95) and bibliotherapy-delivered CBT (Hedges' g = 1.51, 95 % CI: 0.95-2.06) each produce large effect sizes on measures of PD symptoms. The results have important implications for the dissemination of entirely remote stepped-care treatments for PD.
Fatt, SJ, Mond, J, Bussey, K, Griffiths, S, Murray, SB, Lonergan, A, Hay, P, Pike, K, Trompeter, N & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Seeing yourself clearly: Self‐identification of a body image problem in adolescents with an eating disorder', Early Intervention in Psychiatry, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 577-584.
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AbstractAimMany adolescents who meet diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder do not self‐identify as having a problem and may consequently be less likely to seek help. Extant research investigating self‐identification has been limited to specific populations (ie, girls meeting criteria for bulimic‐type eating disorders). This study investigated how self‐identification varied across sex, eating disorder diagnoses, and the presence of extreme eating behaviours, and how self‐identification was related to help‐seeking in adolescents.MethodsParticipants included 1002 Australian school students (75.5% female, Mage = 15.14 years, SD = 1.40) who met DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder. An online survey assessed self‐identification of having a body image problem, as well as sex, eating disorder diagnosis, extreme eating behaviours, help‐seeking for a body image problem, and other potential correlates of self‐identification (demographics, psychological distress, social function, weight and shape concerns).ResultsApproximately, 2 in 3 adolescents with an eating disorder self‐identified as having a body image problem. Girls who met criteria for a major eating disorder diagnosis, and those engaging in extreme eating behaviours, were more likely to self‐identify. When adjusting for covariates, only sex remained significantly associated with self‐identification. Adolescents who self‐identified were 2.71 times more likely to seek help for a body image problem, adjusting for covariates.ConclusionsPublic health strategies ought to promote awareness regarding the different ways that body image problems might manifest among both girls and boys, as well as th...
Feuerriegel, D, Jiwa, M, Turner, WF, Andrejević, M, Hester, R & Bode, S 2021, 'Tracking dynamic adjustments to decision making and performance monitoring processes in conflict tasks', NeuroImage, vol. 238, pp. 118265-118265.
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Frank-Podlech, S, Watson, P, Verhoeven, AAC, Stegmaier, S, Preissl, H & de Wit, S 2021, 'Competing influences on healthy food choices: Mindsetting versus contextual food cues', Appetite, vol. 166, pp. 105476-105476.
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Ganson, KT, Murray, SB, Mitchison, D, Hawkins, MAW, Layman, H, Tabler, J & Nagata, JM 2021, 'Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Performance-Enhancing Substance Use among Young Adults', Substance Use & Misuse, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 854-860.
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Genauck, A, Matthis, C, Andrejevic, M, Ballon, L, Chiarello, F, Duecker, K, Heinz, A, Kathmann, N & Romanczuk‐Seiferth, N 2021, 'Neural correlates of cue‐induced changes in decision‐making distinguish subjects with gambling disorder from healthy controls', Addiction Biology, vol. 26, no. 3.
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AbstractIn addiction, there are few human studies on the neural basis of cue‐induced changes in value‐based decision making (Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer, PIT). It is especially unclear whether neural alterations related to PIT are due to the physiological effects of substance abuse or rather related to learning processes and/or other etiological factors related to addiction. We have thus investigated whether neural activation patterns during a PIT task help to distinguish subjects with gambling disorder (GD), a nonsubstance‐based addiction, from healthy controls (HCs). Thirty GD and 30 HC subjects completed an affective decision‐making task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Gambling‐associated and other emotional cues were shown in the background during the task. Data collection and feature modeling focused on a network of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (derived from PIT and substance use disorder [SUD] studies). We built and tested a linear classifier based on these multivariate neural PIT signatures. GD subjects showed stronger PIT than HC subjects. Classification based on neural PIT signatures yielded a significant area under the receiver operating curve (AUC‐ROC) (0.70, p = 0.013). GD subjects showed stronger PIT‐related functional connectivity between NAcc and amygdala elicited by gambling cues, as well as between amygdala and OFC elicited by negative and positive cues. HC and GD subjects were thus distinguishable by PIT‐related neural signatures including amygdala–NAcc–OFC functional connectivity. Neural PIT alterations in addictive disorders might not depend on the physiological effect of a substance of abuse but on related learning processes or even innate neural traits.
Gonsalvez, CJ, Deane, FP, Terry, J, Nasstasia, Y & Shires, A 2021, 'Innovations in competence assessment: Design and initial validation of the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT).', Training and Education in Professional Psychology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 106-116.
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This study responds to an urgent need for innovative approaches to competence assessment in the face of strong evidence that several current instruments may be vulnerable to systematic rating biases. Building on previous research, the current study aimed to (a) design a full catalogue of vignettes for the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT); (b) establish a matrix of calibration scores for the catalogue of vignettes by having experts rate each of the vignettes; (c) evaluate its psychometric properties by comparing competence ratings derived from the VMAT with those from a conventional instrument, the Clinical Psychology Practicum Competencies Rating Scale (CΨPRS); and (d) assess whether the VMAT reduced halo and leniency biases. An initial catalogue of 52 vignettes was recalibrated by a large sample of experts (N = 45) to establish a final catalogue of 41 standardized vignettes across 10 domains and multiple stages of competence. The VMAT used the matrix of calibrated vignettes to help supervisors anchor competence trajectories attained by trainees for each of 10 competency domains. The results provide initial support for the validation of the VMAT. The VMAT attenuated halo effects, and most supervisors endorsed the VMAT as their preferred instrument. Compared to the C±PRS, cutoff scores on the VMAT identified a larger number of trainees with serious competence problems (n = 3 vs. n = 1). The current study has important implications for competence assessments and benchmarking within psychology and valuable cross-disciplinary applications.
Hay, P & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Urbanization and eating disorders: a scoping review of studies from 2019 to 2020', Current Opinion in Psychiatry, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 287-292.
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Purpose of review This review scoped recent (2019–2020) literature investigating the association between urbanization and eating disorders, and the putative role of urbanization as a direct or indirect risk factor. Recent findings There are few epidemiological studies which investigated adequately direct or indirect association between urban domicile and eating disorders. Findings suggest that urbanization is a complex phenomenon and its effects on eating behaviour are indirect, for example, because of other important social and environmental features, such as the amount of ‘green’ space, ‘Western’ thin idealization, and poverty. The review also supports others indicating an increase of eating disorders in Africa and Asia. The majority of research includes only adolescent and young woman. Summary It does not seem likely that metropolitan dwelling in itself is a major risk factor for developing an eating disorder. However, when accompanied by other sociodemographic effects, there may well be an increase in eating disorder risk. There are opportunities for planners to design cities to be supportive of peoples’ eating and mental health in general. More research investigating moderating and mediating effects on the associations between urban dwelling and eating disorder is needed as well as studies of more sexually and age diverse populations.
Hayes, S, Linardon, J, Kim, C & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Understanding the relationship between sexual harassment and eating disorder psychopathology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis', International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 673-689.
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AbstractObjectiveThe experience of sexual harassment (SH) may exacerbate the drive toward an ideal and often unattainable physical appearance, creating the foundation of unhealthy eating, and greater shape and weight concerns. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the relationship between SH and eating disorder psychopathology, as well as mediating and moderating factors that contribute to this relationship.MethodSix key databases were searched from inception to August 2020; including CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science.ResultsOverall, 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria were found, with 14 reporting a statistically significant relationship between SH and eating disorder psychopathology. A meta‐analysis with 12 cross‐sectional studies confirmed a small but significant effect for this concurrent association. Moderators of this relationship included gender, posttraumatic stress, and anxiety. No studies in this review conducted true mediation.DiscussionConclusions about causal and mediating relationship between SH and eating disorder psychopathology are constrained by the preponderance of cross‐sectional design (14 of the 15 studies). Therefore, it is recommended that future studies focus on the use of longitudinal design, and also on adolescent populations, where first experiences of SH are usually reported, and which is also the peak age of onset for eating disorders.
Hoppen, LM, Kuck, N, Bürkner, P-C, Karin, E, Wootton, BM & Buhlmann, U 2021, 'Low intensity technology-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis', BMC Psychiatry, vol. 21, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a well-established treatment for people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and technology-based CBT applications are an emerging treatment option for people with OCD. These applications involve treatment protocols with automated content delivery and relatively low clinical contact. Whilst such CBT applications are promising, however, further investigation is needed to establish the efficacy of this treatment approach for individuals with OCD. The aim of the present study was to review the efficacy of technology-delivered CBT with minimal clinician support for OCD using a meta-analytic approach. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified through PsycINFO, Medline and Scopus resulting in 18 eligible studies (n = 1707). Control conditions comprised both passive (namely no treatment, other treatments and waitlist controls) and active. Measurement of OCD symptoms improvement was the outcome in each study. Results Participants in the technology-delivered CBT group scored lower on Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) (g = − 0.59, 95% CI = [− 0.99, − 0.18], p = 0.01), Y-BOCS and Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) combined (g = − 0.55, 95% CI = [− 0.87, − 0.24], p = 0.003) and Obsessive-Compulsive-Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) (g = − 0.36, 95% CI = [− 0.62, − 0.09], p = 0.02) at post-treatment than passive control groups. There were no significant findings w...
Hronis, A 2021, 'Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for People with Intellectual Disabilities—How Far Have We Come?', International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 114-132.
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© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. This review paper reflects on the existing literature on cognitive behaviour therapy for adults, adolescents and children with intellectual disabilities. People with intellectual disabilities have high rates of comorbid mental health disorders, but low rates of accessing treatments with limited treatment options available to them. Historically, they have been excluded from cognitive-based therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy. However, recent research has shown that people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities do have the capacity to engage in cognitive-based interventions. The review highlights the progress that has been made in the field of adapting CBT for people with intellectual disabilities, as well as the current gaps in the literature and suggestions for future research.
Katz, H, Newton John, T & Shires, A 2021, 'Sexual Difficulties in the Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain Population: A Systematic Review', Pain Medicine, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1982-1992.
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ObjectiveTo review the current literature on the nature and prevalence of sexual difficulties in the population with chronic musculoskeletal pain, as well as to identify the biopsychosocial factors that maintain these difficulties.DesignSystematic review.MethodsStudies were found by using multiple electronic databases and examining reference lists. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were eligible for review. Data were extracted and characteristics were described for outcomes of interest (i.e., sexual dysfunction, pain condition, pain intensity, psychosocial factors, gender differences). Cochrane Risk of Bias was assessed for all included studies.ResultsTen studies (2,941 participants) were included in the review. Musculoskeletal conditions included low back pain and fibromyalgia. All studies examining sexual functioning found evidence of sexual difficulty among patients with chronic pain. Three studies demonstrated that sexual dysfunction was significantly greater in patients than in healthy matched controls. Nine studies found that greater pain levels significantly correlated with greater sexual dysfunction. Eight studies noted an increased prevalence of sexual difficulties in those with comorbid psychological problems. Heterogeneity between studies was identified, particularly with regard to gender outcomes. The risk-of-bias assessment also highlighted limitations in approximately half of studies.ConclusionsThis review reiterates the importance of investigating sexual functioning in the chronic musculoskeletal pain population, given the high prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain across all age bands. Given methodological limitations, future research should develop measures that sensitively cater to the various needs of patients with chronic pain. By modifying assessment to include biopsychosocial concerns, practitioners can tailor treatment to address transdiagnostic factors that maintain sexual dysfunction.
Katz, H, Newton-John, TRO & Shires, A 2021, 'Sexual Difficulties in the Population with Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review', Pain Medicine, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1982-1992.
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Abstract Objective To review the current literature on the nature and prevalence of sexual difficulties in the population with chronic musculoskeletal pain, as well as to identify the biopsychosocial factors that maintain these difficulties. Design Systematic review. Methods Studies were found by using multiple electronic databases and examining reference lists. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were eligible for review. Data were extracted and characteristics were described for outcomes of interest (i.e., sexual dysfunction, pain condition, pain intensity, psychosocial factors, gender differences). Cochrane Risk of Bias was assessed for all included studies. Results Ten studies (2,941 participants) were included in the review. Musculoskeletal conditions included low back pain and fibromyalgia. All studies examining sexual functioning found evidence of sexual difficulty among patients with chronic pain. Three studies demonstrated that sexual dysfunction was significantly greater in patients than in healthy matched controls. Nine studies found that greater pain levels significantly correlated with greater sexual dysfunction. Eight studies noted an increased prevalence of sexual difficulties in those with comorbid psychological problems. Heterogeneity between studies was identified, particularly with regard to gender outcomes. The risk-of-bias assessment also highlighted limitations in approximately half of studies.
Koenig-Robert, R & Pearson, J 2021, 'Why do imagery and perception look and feel so different?', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 376, no. 1817, pp. 20190703-20190703.
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Despite the past few decades of research providing convincing evidence of the similarities in function and neural mechanisms between imagery and perception, for most of us, the experience of the two are undeniably different, why? Here, we review and discuss the differences between imagery and perception and the possible underlying causes of these differences, from function to neural mechanisms. Specifically, we discuss the directional flow of information (top-down versus bottom-up), the differences in targeted cortical layers in primary visual cortex and possible different neural mechanisms of modulation versus excitation. For the first time in history, neuroscience is beginning to shed light on this long-held mystery of why imagery and perception look and feel so different. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation'.
Langley, EL, Clark, G, Murray, C & Wootton, BM 2021, 'The utility of the health belief model variables in predicting help-seeking intention for depressive symptoms', Australian Psychologist, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 233-244.
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Le, JT, Watson, P, Begg, D, Albertella, L & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'Physiological and subjective validation of a novel stress procedure: The Simple Singing Stress Procedure', Behavior Research Methods, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1478-1487.
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Levy, HC, Poppe, A, Hiser, J, Wootton, BM, Hallion, LS, Tolin, DF & Stevens, MC 2021, 'An Examination of the Association Between Subjective Distress and Functional Connectivity During Discarding Decisions in Hoarding Disorder', Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1013-1022.
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Background: Individuals with hoarding disorder (HD) demonstrate exaggerated subjective distress and hyperactivation of cingulate and insular cortex regions when discarding personal possessions. No prior study has sought to determine whether this subjective distress is associated with specific profiles of abnormal brain function in individuals with HD. Methods: We used multimodal canonical correlation analysis plus joint independent component analysis to test whether five hoarding-relevant domains of subjective distress when deciding to discard possessions (anxiety, sadness, monetary value, importance, and sentimental attachment) are associated with functional magnetic resonance imaging–measured whole-brain functional connectivity in 72 participants with HD and 44 healthy controls. Results: Three extracted components differed between HD participants and healthy control subjects. Each of these components depicted an abnormal profile of functional connectivity in HD participants relative to control subjects during discarding decisions, and a specific distress response profile. One component pair showed a relationship between anxiety ratings during discarding decisions and connectivity among the pallidum, perirhinal ectorhinal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Another component comprised sadness ratings during discarding decisions and connectivity in the pallidum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The third component linked HD brain connectivity in several dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions with perceived importance ratings during discarding decisions. Conclusions: The findings indicate that in patients with HD, the subjective intensity of anxiety, sadness, and perceived possession importance is related to abnormal functional connectivity in key frontal and emotional processing brain regions. The findings are discussed in terms of emerging neurobiological models of HD.
Luo, A & McAloon, J 2021, 'Potential mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety: A meta‐analysis', Depression and Anxiety, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 220-232.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is regarded as an effective treatment for anxiety disorders in childhood. Researchers have begun to investigate potential mechanisms of change that drive these positive outcomes, including shifts in cognitions, behavior, and affect. However, few studies have established the mediational effects of these factors as a proxy for establishing mechanistic change. This meta-analysis attempts to synthesize the literature on potential mechanisms of change in CBT for childhood anxiety and investigates the mediational effects of these factors on treatment outcomes. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Across studies, five potential mediators were identified: externalizing difficulties, negative self-talk, coping, fear, and depression. Results indicated that CBT was effective in improving outcomes on all potential mediators, except for fear. Mediational analyses showed that externalizing difficulties, negative self-talk, coping, and depression mediated anxiety following treatment. Fear did not mediate the relationship. Implications for future mechanisms of change research are proposed.
McAloon, J 2021, 'The Impact of Maternal HPA Activity on Postnatal Outcomes, A Narrative Review', Academic Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-6.
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The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between prenatal overexposure to maternal HPA activity and adverse postnatal effects in human offspring. First, we will discuss the function of the HPA axis during pregnancy and the theory underpinning its role in offspring outcomes will be described. Following this, research examining the relationship between maternal HPA activity and offspring birth and development will be outlined. We will conclude with a discussion of the implications for future research.
McCausland, J, Paparo, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Treatment barriers, preferences and histories of individuals with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder', Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 582-595.
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AbstractBackground:Individuals with mental health concerns face many barriers when accessing psychological treatment. Even when patients overcome these barriers, they often do not receive an evidence-based treatment. Although the current literature highlights these issues clearly across psychological disorders, the research is limited in relation to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).Aim:The aim of this study was to examine psychological treatment barriers, treatment delivery preferences and treatment histories of individuals with symptoms of BDD.Method:A total of 122 participants with clinically significant BDD symptoms (94% female; mean age = 34.19 years, SD = 10.86) completed the cross-sectional study.Results:The most frequently reported barriers to accessing psychological treatment for individuals with BDD symptoms were the cost of treatment (41%) and the belief that the symptoms did not warrant treatment (36%). Although 69% of treatment-seeking participants reported previously receiving cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for BDD, only 13% of participants appeared to receive best-practice CBT. The preferred modality of future psychological treatment delivery was face-to-face treatment with a therapist once a week (63%), rather than accelerated or remote treatment approaches.Conclusions:The study suggests that there are significant barriers to accessing CBT for BDD. Reducing these barriers, as well as increasing consumer mental health literacy, is required to improve treatment acc...
Mehr, JB, Mitchison, D, Bowrey, HE & James, MH 2021, 'Sleep dysregulation in binge eating disorder and “food addiction”: the orexin (hypocretin) system as a potential neurobiological link', Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 2051-2061.
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Merson, F, Newby, J, Shires, A, Millard, M & Mahoney, A 2021, 'The temporal stability of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale', Australian Psychologist, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 38-45.
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Objective: The ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was designed as a screening tool to identify mental illness in epidemiological surveys. In recent years, it has also been employed in treatment studies and clinical settings to measure changes in psychological distress. However, no study to date has validated this extended use of the K10 by examining its temporal stability. This was the aim of the current study.Method: The K10 was administered on two occasions to a treatment-seeking sample (n = 289) and a non-treatment seeking sample (n = 129). To investigate the K10’s temporal stability over a range of clinically relevant time periods, test-retest reliability estimates were computed for multiple time intervals from 1–2 weeks to 8–13 weeks in the treatment-seeking sample.Results: For the testing interval of 1–2 weeks, the K10 demonstrated sound test-retest reliability in the treatment-seeking sample (ICC = .89; r = .80) and in the non-treatment-seeking sample (ICC = .86; r = .76). Comparable estimates were observed for the longer testing intervals in the treatment-seeking sample (ICCs = .84–.90; rs = .72–.81).Conclusion: This study provides evidence demonstrating the temporal stability of the K10, and supports its continued implementation as an outcome measure in mental health research and treatment.Key PointsWhat is already known about this topic: The Kessler-10 (K10) is widely used measure of psychological distress. It is a well-validated screener for mental illness used in epidemiological surveys. Although the K10 was not designed for assessing psychotherapy outcomes, it is now routinely used in this way.What this topic adds: To support the use of the K10 in psychotherapy evaluation, its test re-test reliability needs to be examined. The K10 demonstrated temporal stability over a variety of clinically relevant time intervals in treatment and non-treatment seeking samples.Our data support the use ...
Modini, M, Burton, A & Abbott, MJ 2021, 'Factors influencing inpatients perception of psychiatric hospitals: A meta-review of the literature', Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol. 136, pp. 492-500.
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Inpatient psychiatric hospitals have remained a standard aspect of mental health treatment for many centuries. While numerous treatments have been empirically validated to assist inpatients, less is known about how inpatients perceive psychiatric hospitals. A meta-review, which is a systematic review of systematic reviews, was conducted to examine the factors reported by inpatients which affect their perception of psychiatric hospitals. MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE were systematically searched. Reviews that considered the perception of adults with mental illness admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital were eligible for inclusion. The AMSTAR-2 was used to assess for methodological quality and bias of eligible reviews, with reviews judged to have critical issues excluded. Thematic synthesis was used to detect key overarching factors that generalised across multiple reviews. Twelve systematic reviews were included of which seven key factors were extracted. These were; relationships on the ward, the ward environment, coercive measures, legal status, autonomy, feeling deserving of care, and expectations of care at admission and discharge. Inpatients report several factors that need to be considered when creating a therapeutic environment in a psychiatric hospital. While the importance of therapeutic rapport was the most consistently referenced factor in the included reviews, all factors are likely interwoven and modifiable. Limitations of this meta-review and directions for future research are discussed.
Pearson, D, Watson, P & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'How do competing influences of selection history interact? A commentary on Luck et al. (2021)', Visual Cognition, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 552-555.
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Prnjak, K & Jukic, I 2021, 'Development and validation of the Croatian version of the Eating DisorderExamination Questionnaire in a community sample', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 859-868.
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Prnjak, K & Murray, SB 2021, 'The need for precision research on muscle dysmorphia: Special issue call for research on clinically diagnosed samples', Body Image, vol. 39, pp. iii-iv.
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Read, JR, Sharpe, L, Burton, AL, Areán, PA, Raue, PJ, McDonald, S, Titov, N, Gandy, M & Dear, BF 2021, 'Preventing depression in older people with multimorbidity: 24-month follow-up of a trial of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy', Age and Ageing, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 2254-2258.
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Abstract Background older people coping with the impacts of living with multimorbidity are at increased risk of developing a depressive disorder. Objective this article reports the 24-month results of a randomised controlled trial of an internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy, which aimed to test whether depressive disorders could be prevented in this population. Participants community-based participants aged 65 years and over, who had two or more chronic physical health conditions and were assessed as having no current depressive disorder. Methods in total, 302 participants were randomised to an 8-week, five-lesson, internet-delivered intervention program (n = 150) or treatment as usual (TAU, n = 152). The primary outcomes were cases of depressive disorder, assessed post-intervention and at 3-month intervals throughout the trial, and depressive symptoms, assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, 6, 12 and 24 months following the intervention. Results there were significantly fewer cases of depressive disorder in the intervention group (n = 23, 15%) compared with the TAU group (n = 41, 27%) during the 24 months after the intervention (χ2(1, N = 302) = 6.13, P = 0.013, odds ratio = 0.490 [95% confidence interval: 0.277, 0.867]), representing a 44% reduction in cases of depressive disorder. No differences were...
Ribeiro, FL, Bollmann, S & Puckett, AM 2021, 'Predicting the retinotopic organization of human visual cortex from anatomy using geometric deep learning', NeuroImage, vol. 244, pp. 118624-118624.
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Roche, C, Trompeter, N, Bussey, K, Mond, J, Cunningham, ML, Murray, SB, Lonergan, A & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Gender compatibility and drive for muscularity among adolescent boys: Examining the indirect effect of emotion regulation difficulties', Body Image, vol. 39, pp. 213-220.
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Rodgers, N, McDonald, S & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: An updated meta-analysis', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 290, pp. 128-135.
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Background: Hoarding disorder (HD) is a new disorder in DSM-5. While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is seen as the gold standard approach to treatment, the literature in this field is still emerging. Methods: The aim of the present study is to synthesize the current treatment outcome literature on CBT for HD, as well as secondary depressive symptoms, using a meta-analytic approach. Due to a lack of controlled trials only within-group effect sizes were calculated. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 505; mean age = 56 years; mean percentage female participants = 72%). Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (g = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92-1.29) and from pre-treatment to follow-up (g = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.94-1.56) on HD symptoms. The gender distribution of the sample moderated treatment outcome, with larger effects seen in studies that included a larger proportion of female patients. Treatment modality (individual vs group), therapist training, use of home visits, trial type (efficacy vs effectiveness), number of treatment weeks, participant age, and study quality did not moderate treatment outcome. Small effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (g = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.28-0.61) for depressive symptoms and baseline depression severity, treatment modality, use of home visits, and assessment tool used did not moderate outcome. Limitations: The study is limited by the small number of studies available in this field. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CBT for HD is an effective treatment, however, controlled trials are needed, as are trials examining the long-term efficacy of CBT for HD.
Rogers, HT, Shires, AG & Cayoun, BA 2021, 'Development and Validation of the Equanimity Scale-16', Mindfulness, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 107-120.
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AbstractObjectives Equanimity is a non-reactive attitude that is increasingly recognized as a central component of mindfulness practiceand a key mechanism of mindfulness-based interventions that is currently lacking means of measurement. The present studyaimed to develop a self-report measure of equanimity, explore its underlying factor structure, validity and reliability.Methods An initial pool of 42 items was selected from existing mindfulness questionnaires and measures of related constructs,and subsequently reviewed by researchers and selected based on majority agreement on their construct validity. The Qualtricsonline platform was used to administer these items and other questionnaires used to assess validity and collect demographicinformation in 223 adults from the general community (66.8% females and 33.2% males, age range = 18–75). Questionnaireswere then re-administered to assess test-retest reliability.Results In agreement with past research, exploratory factor analysis revealed two underlying factors, Experiential Acceptanceand Non-reactivity. A final 16-itemmeasure showed good internal consistency (⍺ = .88), test-retest reliability (n = 73; r = .87, p <.001) over 2–6 weeks and convergent and divergent validity, illustrated by significant correlations in the expected direction withthe Nonattachment Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Distress Tolerance Scale.Conclusions Based on this initial study, the Equanimity Scale-16 appears to be a valid and reliable self-report measure to assesstrait equanimity, and may be further explored in future studies as a tool to assess progress during mindfulness-based interventions,and to assist in the investigation of their underlying mechanisms.
Santana, DD, Mitchison, D, Griffiths, S, Appolinario, JC, da Veiga, GV, Touyz, S & Hay, P 2021, 'Associations between weight/shape overvaluation, sociodemographic features and BMI: 10-year time trends', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 2001-2009.
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Santomauro, DF, Melen, S, Mitchison, D, Vos, T, Whiteford, H & Ferrari, AJ 2021, 'The hidden burden of eating disorders: an extension of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019', The Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 320-328.
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Shires, A 2021, 'Mindfulness Focussed Yoga: The Role of Interoceptive Awareness in Mindfulness and Yoga Interventions for Trauma and Pain', Journal of Yoga and Physiotherapy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1-3.
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Contemplative traditions such as Mindfulness and Yoga have both been explored in relation to the treatment of trauma. Both promote the increased awareness of the body and mind via meditative practices that include body scanning and yoga asana. It is hypothesised that although both may be effective in increasing interoceptive awareness and the ability to observe sensations in the body, Mindfulness focussed yoga programs
may assist to unlearn patterns of reactions that fuel distress associated with trauma, pain and associated mental health problems. There has been considerable development in evidence-based therapies in the treatment of trauma such as cognitive behavioural therapy, eye movement desensitisation, reprocessing and prolonged exposure. Prolonged exposure therapy has been developed as a treatment in the reduction of PTSD
symptoms and has been found to be more efficacious in the reduction of PTSD symptoms than usual treatment and waitlist control [1]. However,msome of these psychological treatments have been found to have high dropout rates and some worsening of symptoms and residual symptoms after treatment. As a result of these limitations there is growth in alternative treatment approaches that are more feasible including yoga as an adjunct treatment for trauma populations. So far, these studies seem to yield promising results [2,3]
Smith, S, Paparo, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Understanding psychological treatment barriers, preferences and histories of individuals with clinically significant depressive symptoms in Australia: a preliminary study', Clinical Psychologist, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 223-233.
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Spirou, D, Smith, E, Wood, K & Raman, J 2021, 'The clinical obesity maintenance model: a structural equation model', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1927-1937.
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Tindall, IK, Fu, KW, Tremayne, K & Curtis, GJ 2021, 'Can negative emotions increase students’ plagiarism and cheating?', International Journal for Educational Integrity, vol. 17, no. 1.
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AbstractThe challenges of higher education can be stressful, anxiety-producing, and sometimes depressing for students. Such negative emotions may influence students’ attitudes toward assessment, such as whether it is perceived as acceptable to engage in plagiarism. However, it is not known whether any impact of negative emotions on attitudes toward plagiarism translate into actual plagiarism behaviours. In two studies conducted at two universities (Study 1 N = 718; Study 2 N = 490), we examined whether negative emotionality influenced plagiarism behaviour via attitudes, norms, and intentions as predicted by the theory of planned behaviour. In both studies, negative affect predicted plagiarism intentions mediated by perceived norms, and intentions predicted plagiarism behaviour. These findings suggest that students’ negative emotionality is a risk for plagiarism engagement and that higher education institutions should support students’ emotional well-being, especially regarding assessment practices.
Tremayne, K & Curtis, GJ 2021, 'Attitudes and understanding are only part of the story: self-control, age and self-imposed pressure predict plagiarism over and above perceptions of seriousness and understanding', Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 208-219.
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Trompeter, N, Bussey, K, Forbes, MK & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Emotion Dysregulation within the CBT-E Model of Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review', Cognitive Therapy and Research, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1021-1036.
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Trompeter, N, Bussey, K, Forbes, MK, Mond, J, Hay, P, Basten, C, Goldstein, M, Thornton, C, Heruc, G, Byrne, S, Griffiths, S, Lonergan, A, Touyz, S & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Differences between Australian adolescents with eating disorder symptoms who are in treatment or not in treatment for an eating disorder', Early Intervention in Psychiatry, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 882-888.
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AbstractBackgroundMental health problems frequently occur during adolescence, however, few adolescents seek treatment for these problems, especially for eating disorders. The current study aimed to quantify how adolescents in a clinical sample (ie, those receiving treatment for an eating disorder), differ in terms of psychological factors (eating disorder symptoms and psychological distress), compared to adolescents with eating pathology in a community sample (ie, those not receiving treatment).MethodData were used from a community sample of adolescents with eating disorder pathology who have not sought treatment (n = 1011) and a clinical sample of adolescents presenting at eating disorder services for treatment (n = 153). Participants reported demographics and completed questionnaires assessing weight/shape concerns, disordered eating and psychological distress.ResultsAdolescents with a lower BMI, more frequent purging and higher weight/shape concerns were more common in the clinical sample, while those engaging in more frequent driven exercise were less common in the clinical sample. The samples did not differ in severity of psychological distress.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need for increasing mental health literacy about the role of BMI and driven exercise in eating disorder symptom presentation to increase early detection of these disorders among adolescents.
Trompeter, N, Bussey, K, Forbes, MK, Mond, J, Hay, P, Cunningham, ML & Mitchison, D 2021, 'Emotion dysregulation across the span of eating disorder symptoms: Findings from a community sample of adolescents', International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 1946-1955.
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AbstractObjectiveEmotion dysregulation is proposed as a key factor within eating disorder pathology. However, less is known about specific emotion regulation difficulties experienced by adolescents with varying levels of eating disorders symptoms. The present study examined the relationship between eating disorder behaviors and specific facets of emotion dysregulation, and differences in emotion dysregulation between eating disorder diagnostic groups.MethodParticipants were 2,783 adolescents, 11–19 years (M = 14 years, 9 months, SD = 1 year, 6 months), who completed self‐report measures as part of the EveryBODY study. Adolescents were identified as not having eating disorder symptoms (n = 2,122) or meeting diagnostic criteria for symptoms of specific eating disorder, including: anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa (n = 57), bulimia nervosa (n = 136), binge‐eating disorder (n = 57), other specified feeding or eating disorder characterized by binge eating or purging (n = 381), and unspecified feeding or eating disorder (n = 30).ResultsBinge eating, driven exercise, and fasting were each uniquely associated with emotion dysregulation, whereas purging was not. Similar findings were obtained within specific domains of emotion dysregulation. Findings from diagnostic groups showed a significant main effect of diagnosis on overall emotion dysregulation and most domains of emotion dysregulation. Adolescents with eating disorder symptoms consistently reported higher emotion dysregulation compared to those without these symptoms.Discussio...
Turner, W, Feuerriegel, D, Andrejević, M, Hester, R & Bode, S 2021, 'Perceptual change-of-mind decisions are sensitive to absolute evidence magnitude', Cognitive Psychology, vol. 124, pp. 101358-101358.
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Veldre, A, Wong, R & Andrews, S 2021, 'Reading proficiency predicts the extent of the right, but not left, perceptual span in older readers', Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 18-26.
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Wade, T, Calvert, S, Thompson, E, Wild, C, Mitchison, D & Hay, P 2021, 'A co‐designed consumer checklist to support people with eating disorders to locate evidence‐based treatment', International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1400-1404.
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AbstractIdentifying a therapist with expertise in treating eating disorders (EDs) can be a daunting process for a consumer, resulting in delayed access to evidence‐based treatment, prolonging unnecessary suffering. We developed a consumer checklist designed to empower consumers to locate evidence‐based treatment earlier. We co‐designed (researchers and people with lived experience of an ED) a 15‐item consumer checklist, for use in a meeting with a potential therapist. A survey about the checklist was sent out to people with lived experience and clinicians, seeking quantitative endorsement of each item's helpfulness in the checklist, and inviting qualitative feedback. Seventeen people with lived experience and 11 clinicians gave feedback. The items were rated as being helpful, with overlap between the two groups as to the most helpful items. Both groups rated the checklist as likely to help locate effective treatment earlier. The checklist forms a basis for a useful consumer tool in their treatment journey. Examination of its uptake and impact on outcomes for consumers seeking treatment is recommended.
Wade, TD, Hart, LM, Mitchison, D & Hay, P 2021, 'Driving better intervention outcomes in eating disorders: A systematic synthesis of research priority setting and the involvement of consumer input', European Eating Disorders Review, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 346-354.
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AbstractObjectiveSetting specific research priorities and involving consumers in this process is one pathway to driving better intervention outcomes in eating disorders (EDs). We reviewed research priority setting in the field and the involvement of consumers in this priority setting.MethodA systematic review following the PRSIMA statement was conducted and eight studies were identified for inclusion; four included substantial input from consumers, and four were researcher led. Similarities and differences across the types of studies were examined.ResultsResearch priorities informed by consumers were primarily concerned with producing better interventions and outcomes. A large degree of overlap with researcher‐led priorities was present. The former studies had a greater focus on early intervention, bridging the research‐practice gap, and recovery, while the latter were more likely to address diagnosis, genetic factors, brain circuitry, and pharmacotherapy. Priorities endorsed across more than one consumer‐informed study included: the role of self‐harm, working with health care professionals to increase early detection, supporting transition between services, and six issues about improved treatments.ConclusionsThe ED field needs to engage in more meaningful involvement of co‐design across consumers, clinicians and researchers along the entire research journey, not just research priority setting. An integrated research strategy incorporating a co‐design perspective has the potential to drive better outcomes.
Watson, P & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'A meta-analysis of the relationship between eating restraint, impaired cognitive control and cognitive bias to food in non-clinical samples', Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 89, pp. 102082-102082.
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Watson, P, Vasudevan, A, Pearson, D & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'Eating restraint is associated with reduced attentional capture by signals of valuable food reward', Appetite, vol. 159, pp. 105050-105050.
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White, D, Sutherland, CAM & Burton, AL 2021, 'Correction to: Choosing face: The curse of self in profile image selection', Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, vol. 6, no. 1.
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Wootton, BM, Bragdon, LB, Worden, BL, Diefenbach, GJ, Stevens, MC & Tolin, DF 2021, 'Measuring Within-Session and Between-Session Compliance in Hoarding Disorder: A Preliminary Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the CBT Compliance Measure (CCM) and Patient Exposure/Response Prevention Adherence Scale for Hoarding (PEAS-H)', Assessment, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1694-1707.
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Hoarding disorder (HD) is a new psychiatric diagnosis in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition and preliminary evidence suggests that cognitive-behavioral treatments are effective in treating this condition. However, it has been demonstrated that individuals with HD generally display poor compliance during treatment, which may lead to poor outcomes. Treatment compliance can be conceptualized as either within-session or between-session compliance, but currently there are no validated measures of within-session or between-session compliance specifically for HD. The aim of this study was to provide an initial validation of the CBT Compliance Measure and the Patient Exposure/Response Prevention Adherence Scale for Hoarding in a sample of participants with HD who were undergoing group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for HD ( N = 70). Both measures, which were administered at each relevant treatment session, demonstrated a unidimensional structure, good reliability, as well as predictive validity, and are thus promising in the measurement of within-session and between-session compliance with CBT for HD.
Wootton, BM, Karin, E, Dear, BF, Staples, L, Nielssen, O, Kayrouz, R & Titov, N 2021, 'Internet-delivered cognitive-behaviour therapy (ICBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder when delivered as routine clinical care: A phase IV clinical trial', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 82, pp. 102444-102444.
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