Armanious, AJ, Asare, A, Mitchison, D & James, MH 2024, 'Patient perceptions of lisdexamfetamine as a treatment for binge eating disorder: An exploratory qualitative and quantitative analysis', Psychiatry Research Communications, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 100195-100195.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Basile, VT, Newton‐John, T & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Treatment histories, barriers, and preferences for individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 1286-1305.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and chronic mental health condition, associated with considerable individual and economic burden. Despite the availability of effective treatments, many individuals do not access support. The current study explores treatment histories, barriers to help‐seeking, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment preferences for individuals with clinically significant GAD symptoms. The utility of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting help‐seeking is also examined. A cross‐sectional design with 127 participants (Mage = 29.17; SD = 11.86; 80.3% female) was used. Sixty‐two percent of participants reported previously seeking psychological treatment, and approximately 28% received CBT in the first instance. The most influential treatment barriers were a desire to solve the problem on one's own (M = 1.96, SD = 0.96), followed by affordability (M = 1.75, SD = 1.15) and feeling embarrassed or ashamed (M = 1.75, SD = 1.06). The most preferred treatment modes were in‐person individual treatment (M = 7.59, SD = 2.86) followed by remote treatment via videoconferencing (M = 4.31, SD = 3.55). Approximately 38% of the variance in intention to seek treatment was associated with the HBM variables, with perceived benefit of treatment being the strongest predictor. Results have the potential to inform mental health service delivery by reducing treatment barriers and aligning public health campaigns with benefits of psychological treatments.
Basile, VT, Newton‐John, T, McDonald, S & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Brief remote cognitive behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial', British Journal of Clinical Psychology.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractObjectiveGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a persistent mental health condition that results in significant individual and economic burden. The uptake of evidence‐based treatment is low, with many individuals with GAD citing cost as one of the key barriers. Brief treatments, which are typically more cost effective than standard length treatments, have the potential to make treatment more accessible to patients with GAD. Despite evidence demonstrating the efficacy of brief treatments for a range of anxiety disorders, there are currently no such studies examining brief Internet videoconferencing‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (VCBT) interventions for patients with diagnosed GAD. The current study aims to examine the preliminary efficacy and acceptability of brief VCBT for GAD.MethodThe authors adopted an open trial design with 36 participants (77.8% female; Mage = 36.81 years; SD = 12.25) to examine the preliminary efficacy of a brief five‐session VCBT intervention delivered remotely.ResultsLarge pre‐treatment to post‐treatment effects were seen on the primary outcome measure, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire‐7 item (GAD‐7; d = 1.13; 95% CI: .62–1.61) and treatment effects increased at 3‐month follow‐up (d = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.04–2.10). Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable with 92% reporting that they were satisfied with the treatment.ConclusionThese results provide preliminary support for the viability of brief remotely delivered CBT treatment in managing GAD symptoms.
Beadman, KA, Sherwood, J, Gray, P & McAloon, J 2024, 'Self-determination in programmes of perinatal health for Aboriginal Communities: A systematic review', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 100169-100169.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Begley, K, Smith, D, Wand, H, Chan, D, Furner, V, Kelly, ML, McGrath, P, Hennessy, R, Price, A, Purnomo, L, Bowden, BH & Bulsara, SM 2024, '“How well do we know our patients?”: Further validation of a complexity rating scale for HIV', International Journal of STD & AIDS, vol. 35, no. 14, pp. 1112-1119.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Background Despite advances in the management and treatment of HIV, identifying risks for disengagement are essential to maximize positive outcomes. The current study investigated the validity of the Clinical Complexity Rating Scale for HIV (CCRS-HIV), a risk-prediction tool, by assessing agreement between patient and clinician scores of patient complexity. Methods 207 patients completed the patient version of the CCRS-HIV (CCRS-HIVP), and six Attending Medical Officers (AMOs) caring for those individuals completed the original clinician version (CCRS-HIVC). Kappa statistics, sensitivity and specificity were used to assess patient-clinician agreement. Results Patient-clinician agreement was highest for problematic crystal methamphetamine use (86%), polypharmacy (84%) and other physical health concerns (67%). Cut-offs of 40 and 45 for the total CCRS-HIV score were identified as most appropriate, with high sensitivity (79.31% and 76.0% respectively). Conclusions Overall agreement between the clinician and patient complexity scores was high. These findings provide further evidence of the validity of the scale. The study demonstrates that the unique role of AMOs at the center contributes to them knowing their patients well, allowing them to manage and refer when required for interdisciplinary care which likely contributes to their ongoing engagement in care and may account for the high level of agreement.
Bowman, SJ, Hakeem, A, Demant, D, McAloon, J & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Assessing Gender Dysphoria: Development and Validation of the Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire – 2 nd Edition (GPSQ-2)', Journal of Homosexuality, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 666-690.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
The Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire (GPSQ) is a 14-item measure used to assess the effectiveness of medical, surgical, social, and psychological interventions in trans and gender diverse adults who experience gender dysphoria. One major limitation of the GPSQ is that it was not developed for use with adolescents. This study aims to validate a revised version of the GPSQ, the Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire-2nd Edition (GPSQ-2) with the aim of adapting the measure to be applicable to individuals aged 13 and above. This research was conducted in three stages: 1) development of the GPSQ-2 to address previously identified issues with validity and comprehensibility of the GPSQ and to increase the applicability of the measure to adolescents; 2) pilot testing, using a purposive sample and semi-structured interviews, to assess the relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness of the GPSQ-2; and 3) validation using a community sample to assess the psychometric properties of the GPSQ-2. The pilot study was conducted with seven participants (Mage = 28.43, SD = 15.50; age range: 13-59). The GPSQ-2 was found to be easy to understand, relevant to individuals who experienced gender dysphoria, and that it did not have any identifiable omissions. The validation study was conducted with 141 participants (Mage = 36.44; SD = 14.76; age range 14-73). The GPSQ-2 was found to be a reliable and valid 14-item scale with two factors: preoccupation and stability. The GPSQ-2 is a structurally sound measure of gender dysphoria that can be used in populations aged 13 and above.
Bryant, E, Spielman, K, Burton, AL, Ong, SH, Livney, J, Corry, S & Maguire, S 2024, 'Identifying eating disorders at the earliest opportunity: Testing the reliability of an online eating disorder screener (IOI‐S) in primary care and youth mental health settings', Early Intervention in Psychiatry, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 446-454.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractAimEating disorders (EDs) are associated with significant disease burden and unacceptably high mortality rates. Early intervention significantly improves prognosis and can prevent chronic suffering; however, large numbers of people with the illness are not being identified or managed in primary healthcare. The current study aimed to test the reliability of the face‐to‐face, clinician delivery of a previously validated, co‐designed, online screening tool for eating disorders.MethodsIndividuals aged 14 and over who read, English were recruited from the community in either primary care (general practice) settings or headspace youth mental health centres. They completed the InsideOut Institute Screener (IOI‐S) face‐to‐face, delivered verbally by the study researcher clinician and then online by self‐report. The primary outcome was test‐retest reliability as measured by two‐way mixed effects model Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement.ResultsA total of 83 participants aged 14–81 (M 36.2) completed the study in New South Wales and the Northern Territory, Australia, between April and November 2022. The ICC between successive iterations of the test was significantly positive (0.980), demonstrating strong internal validity and test–retest reliability of the scale.ConclusionsThe IOI‐S is an adaptive 6‐item screening tool designed to ‘start a conversation’ and determine risk using gentle language conceived by individuals with lived experience. Originally designed for online use, the current study broadens its versatility to clinical settings. The screener performs equally well when delivered face‐to‐face in clinical practice. In conjunction with incre...
Burton, AL, O’Loughlin, I, Rogers, K & Newton-John, TRO 2024, 'Development and validation of the Pain-Induced Comfort Eating Scale in a chronic pain sample', Canadian Journal of Pain, vol. 8, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Byrne, SE, Basten, CJ & McAloon, J 2024, 'The Development of Disordered Eating in Male Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Prospective Longitudinal Studies', Adolescent Research Review, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 227-252.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractA lack of research exists about the development of disordered eating in adolescent males. A systematic review was undertaken with the primary aim of identifying psychosocial risk factors that are prospectively associated with the development of disordered eating attitudes and behavior in adolescent males. The review’s secondary aim was to appraise the appropriateness of the psychometric assessment measures used to identify those risk factors. Electronic databases Scopus (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EBSCO), PsycARTICLES, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection and Pubmed (Thomson Reuters) were searched for prospective longitudinal research involving 11–19 year-old adolescents that was published between 2010 and 2022. Twenty-one publications met inclusion criteria and thirty-five factors including fourteen psychological factors, ten body appearance factors, four sociocultural factors, three familial and four peer factors were identified as prospectively associated with the development of disordered eating attitudes and behavior in male adolescents. The psychometric assessment measures used to identify those factors, together with the proportion of female respondents upon whose data the measures were based, were critically appraised. Accurate assessment is imperative in generating reliable and valid research and informing clinical practice. Existing female-centric psychometric assessments normed predominantly on female participants may not be appropriate for use with adolescent males.
Cuerva, K, Spirou, D, Cuerva, A, Delaquis, C & Raman, J 2024, 'Perspectives and preliminary experiences of psychedelics for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic scoping review', European Eating Disorders Review, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 980-1001.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractObjectiveResearch regarding the therapeutic application of psychedelics and psychedelic‐assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders (EDs) has begun to emerge. This systematic scoping review aimed to map and synthesise the existing evidence regarding the participant reported efficacy and perspectives concerning psychedelics in the treatment of EDs, and to identify significant research gaps.MethodA systematic search was undertaken across several databases in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Results1290 publications were identified, 1135 after duplicates removed, with 17 meeting full‐eligibility criteria. Overall, findings suggested that most participants reported experiencing a meaningful reduction in their ED symptoms and having positive experiences or an openness to explore psychedelics as a treatment for ED symptoms, although some noted concerns of adverse effects and the importance of having psychological support to increase safety and efficacy.ConclusionsWhile preliminary research suggests psychedelics and psychedelic‐assisted psychotherapy may be a viable treatment option for ED symptoms, further research with more robust research designs is required to increase confidence in its efficacy, generalisability, and safety as a therapeutic medium.
Dann, KM, Harrison, A, Veldre, A, Hay, P & Touyz, S 2024, 'Embracing a different outlook: Strengths and goals of individuals currently in treatment for anorexia nervosa', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 29, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Abstract Purpose Developing personal goals beyond weight and shape, and promoting the agency to pursue those goals, could aid in treatment and recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN). This research explores the strengths, interests and goals of individuals currently receiving treatment for AN and evaluates how treatment services are supporting them to work towards personal goals across all areas of everyday life. Method A total of 58 community-dwelling adults currently receiving treatment for anorexia nervosa at any stage of recovery completed the Client Assessment of Strengths, Interests and Goals Self-Report (CASIG-SR). Participants reported their goals for accommodation, work and study, interpersonal relationships, recreational activities, spirituality, religion or life purpose, physical health and mental health, and the personal strengths and supports needed to achieve those goals. Concordance scores were calculated between importance of personal goals and level of support from current services regarding these goals. Results Themes identified across goals, strengths and supports were Connection, Independence & Confidence, Meaning & Self: The Real Me, and Stability & Balance. Work and study goals and strengths were identified strongly. The key support needed was stability from the current treatment team to provide a stable base for change. Concordance scores indicate support provided for personal goals was less than the importance of the goal to the individual. Conclusion
Day, S, Hay, P, Basten, C, Byrne, S, Dearden, A, Goldstein, M, Hannigan, A, Heruc, G, Houlihan, C, Roberts, M, Tannous, WK, Thornton, C, Valentine, N & Mitchison, D 2024, 'Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in eating disorder treatment‐seekers: Prevalence and associations with symptom severity', Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 672-684.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractAlthough childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been well‐researched in eating disorder epidemiology, prevalence rates are unavailable for complex PTSD (CPTSD). Under recently introduced ICD‐11 criteria, individuals with CPTSD have both PTSD symptoms and additional disturbances in self‐organization (DSO). Using ICD‐11 criteria, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of PTSD and DSO symptoms, diagnostic rates of PTSD and CPTSD, and childhood trauma exposure in eating disorder treatment‐seekers. Participants (N = 217) were individuals attending residential, partial hospitalization, and outpatient services who completed measures of eating disorder– and trauma‐related symptoms and childhood adverse experiences. One third of participants reported PTSD symptoms, and over half reported DSO symptoms, with probable ICD‐11 diagnostic rates of 3.8% for PTSD and 28.4% for CPTSD. CPTSD was significantly more prevalent than PTSD and more common in higher levels of care. Both PTSD and DSO symptom severity were positively correlated with eating disorder symptoms and impairment, rs = .285–.642. DSO symptom severity was a significant and unique explanatory factor of eating disorder severity and impairment. The findings highlight the prevalence of CPTSD in eating disorder populations and the association between DSO symptoms and eating psychopathology independent of PTSD symptoms. Implications are discussed for adjunct treatment approaches for individuals with comorbid eating disorders and PTSD or CPTSD.
Day, S, Houlihan, C, Mitchison, D, Conti, J, Gill, K, Mannan, H, McMahon, K, Ramjan, L, Rankin, R, Tannous, WK, Utpala, R & Hay, P 2024, 'Pilot Study Outcomes and Recommendations from Developing an Australian Residential Treatment for Eating Disorders', Adolescents, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 324-334.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Individuals with eating disorders often face difficulty accessing sufficiently intensive, recovery-focused treatment. Residential treatment may fill a gap in the spectrum of care, offering 24-h support in a more home-like environment than a hospital and using a holistic approach including individual and group psychological therapy, meal support, and lived experience staff. As residential treatment has not previously been examined in Australia, the current study aimed to document the development, treatment components, and structure of this first Australian residential service for eating disorders and provide a pilot of its treatment outcomes. Preliminary outcomes are included from a sample of 19 individuals from the first six months of admissions, including eating disorder symptoms, eating disorder-related impairment, anxiety, and depression. Significant pre- to post-treatment improvement was found in total eating disorder psychopathology, dietary restraint, eating concerns, body mass index, eating disorder-related impairment, and depression, but not from pre-treatment to a six-month follow-up. Pilot outcomes were positive at end-of-treatment but require further clinical evaluation to examine follow-up effects. Clinical insights are discussed from the establishment of this new treatment service, including recommendations for clinicians involved in the current roll-out of residential programs across Australia.
Denson, TF, Watson, P, Yeong, A, Armstrong, A, Beames, JR & Bertsch, K 2024, 'Eye tracking shows no substantive relationships between individual differences related to aggression and visual attention to unambiguously violent stimuli', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 217, pp. 112425-112425.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
García González, E, Liu, L & Lanza, E 2024, 'Language in multilingual families during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: a survey of challenges and opportunities', Multilingua, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 163-190.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Abstract The first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in school closures and homeschooling for families across the world. This provided a unique scenario to investigate multilingual family language interaction, and specifically, challenges and opportunities for home language (HL) use. This study is rooted in Family Language Policy (FLP) research, building on previous models of language policy as language beliefs, practices and management, as it addresses the effects of the lockdown on the use of, and exposure to, HLs. An online survey was used to assess the language beliefs, practices and management in a sample of families in Norway, a country with a significant and complex linguistic diversity. Our results indicate overall positive attitudes towards multilingualism in Norway, which are associated with an increased use of, and exposure to, Norwegian and HLs during the lockdown. Furthermore, we find a unique presence of English in multilingual families in Norway, especially across online spaces. Lastly, our study shows that the perception of multilingualism as a source of well-being is associated with positive effects of the lockdown in the use of HLs during the pandemic. We contend that this result can be taken as an example that, even in dire times of despair, families can find opportunities to promote multilingualism and language maintenance.
Hathway, T, McDonald, S, Melkonian, M, Karin, E, Titov, N, Dear, BF & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Correlates of depression in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder', Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 661-680.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Hatoum, AH & Burton, AL 2024, 'Applications and efficacy of radically open dialectical behavior therapy (RO DBT): A systematic review of the literature', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 80, no. 11, pp. 2283-2302.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractRadically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RO DBT) is a transdiagnostic treatment, originally developed as a variant of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), that emerged as a novel treatment approach for those presenting with excessive or maladaptive overcontrol. Despite RO DBT's growing popularity among clinicians as a treatment for chronic depression, personality disorders and eating disorders, to date, no systematic review has been conducted to summarise the evidence on this therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to provide a current and comprehensive summary of the available evidence on the clinical applications and efficacy of RO DBT. Articles were included if they were original research studies that described the use of RO DBT in the treatment of any psychological disorder, condition or symptom, published in the English language in a peer‐reviewed journal. Four electronic databases were searched, and screening, selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were all conducted by two independent reviewers. Fourteen articles were included in this review, including two qualitative articles, one case study, five case series studies, four quasi‐experimental studies, and two articles describing one randomized control trial. Findings indicated there is emerging evidence for the use of RO DBT in both adolescents and adults, for disorders characterized by excessive self‐control, such as anorexia nervosa and autism, as well as for treatment‐resistant depression. While RO DBT shows promise as a treatment for disorders of overcontrol, further research is needed. This review outlines current gaps and identifies areas for future research.
Hatoum, AH & Burton, AL 2024, 'Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review of the literature', Mental Health Science, vol. 2, no. 4.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractEye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated promise as a treatment for eating disorders (ED). The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, ED symptomatology and body image concerns. Included articles were original studies that described the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, published in the English language in a peer‐review journal. The search was conducted using four electronic databases: PsycINFO, MedLine, Embase, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Of the initial search of 109 potential studies, eight met inclusion criteria, including six case studies, one quasi‐experimental study, and one randomised control trial (RCT). The RCT indicated that including an EMDR component did not have benefits over standard treatment for core ED symptoms, whereas the quasi‐experimental study demonstrated some benefits for inclusion of EMDR as a treatment adjunct for anorexia nervosa patients. Case studies indicated some promising outcomes for patients with various presentations. Despite EMDR being an available treatment for several decades now, there is limited clinical evidence regarding its efficacy in the treatment of EDs. These findings highlight a critical need for more clinical research in this area to ensure clinical practice is guided and supported by evidence‐based outcomes.
Hronis, A, Hao, J, Roberts, R, Roberts, L, Shires, A & Kneebone, I 2024, 'A case series evaluation of the Fearless Me! © program for children with intellectual disabilities and anxiety', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 2077-2091.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractObjectivesChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have high rates of mental health disorders, particularly anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has largely remained unexamined as a treatment option for this population. Fearless Me! © is an adapted CBT treatment program specifically designed for children and adolescents with ID.MethodEleven children, aged between eight and 17, completed 10 therapy sessions. Measures of anxiety were completed pre and posttreatment and at 3 and 12‐month follow‐ups by both the children and parents.ResultsSix children reported significant reductions in anxiety, with all showing significant reductions in parent‐reported child anxiety at either posttreatment assessment, 3‐month follow‐up, or 12‐month follow‐up. Results varied across the six children as all parents reported heightened anxiety, but not all children reported high levels of anxiety for themselves.ConclusionOverall, this evaluation provides a sound basis for continued investigation and research into the use of the Fearless Me! © modified CBT program to treat children with ID and anxiety.
Iwao, HS, Andrews, S & Veldre, A 2024, 'Sensitivity to morphological spelling regularities in Chinese-English bilinguals and English monolinguals', Reading and Writing.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractEvidence of sensitivity to graphotactic and morphological patterns in English spelling has been extensively examined in monolinguals. Comparatively few studies have examined bilinguals’ sensitivity to spelling regularities. The present study compared late Chinese-English bilinguals and English monolinguals on their sensitivity to systematic inflectional and derivational spelling regularities. One hundred and twenty-nine undergraduate students completed a forced-choice spelling task, in which nonword pairs were presented in a sentence context requiring a choice of the relevant grammatical form. English ability measures were administered to examine possible inter-individual differences in morphological sensitivity. The results showed that both monolingual and bilingual participants demonstrated knowledge of spelling patterns, but the groups differed in their sensitivity to inflectional and derivational spelling regularities. Specifically, bilinguals showed more consistent use of morphological spelling regularities in guiding their decision on spelling choice compared to monolinguals. The results are argued to be consistent with the predictions of statistical learning accounts of spelling acquisition.
Jukic, I, Prnjak, K, Helms, ER & McGuigan, MR 2024, 'Modeling the repetitions‐in‐reserve‐velocity relationship: a valid method for resistance training monitoring and prescription, and fatigue management', Physiological Reports, vol. 12, no. 5, p. e15955.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractEstablishing a relationship between repetitions left in reserve and the mean absolute velocity (RIR‐velocity relationship) during resistance training (RT) could allow for objective monitoring, prescription, and real‐time adjustment of the training load and set‐volume. Therefore, we examined the goodness of fit and prediction accuracy of general and individual RIR‐velocity relationships in the free‐weight back squat exercise. The effects of sex, training status and history, as well as personality traits, on the goodness of fit and the accuracy of these relationships were also investigated. Forty‐six resistance‐trained people (15 females and 31 males) performed a one‐repetition maximum (1RM) test, and two repetitions to failure (RTF) tests 72 h apart. We found greater goodness of fit of individual RIR‐velocity relationships compared to general RIR‐velocity relationships. Individual, but not general RIR‐velocity relationships established in the first testing session yielded acceptable prediction accuracy of RIR (mean error <2 repetitions) in the subsequent testing session, regardless of the load used. Similar results were obtained when both general and individual RIR‐velocity relationships were averaged across the loads, suggesting that a single RIR‐velocity relationship covering a range of loads can be used instead of traditional RT methods, potentially allowing for better fatigue management and more efficient adaptation.
Kalashnikova, M, Singh, L, Tsui, A, Altuntas, E, Burnham, D, Cannistraci, R, Chin, NB, Feng, Y, Fernández‐Merino, L, Götz, A, Gustavsson, L, Hay, J, Höhle, B, Kager, R, Lai, R, Liu, L, Marklund, E, Nazzi, T, Oliveira, DS, Olstad, AMH, Picaud, A, Schwarz, I, Tsao, F, Wong, PCM & Woo, PJ 2024, 'The development of tone discrimination in infancy: Evidence from a cross‐linguistic, multi‐lab report', Developmental Science, vol. 27, no. 3.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractWe report the findings of a multi‐language and multi‐lab investigation of young infants’ ability to discriminate lexical tones as a function of their native language, age and language experience, as well as of tone properties. Given the high prevalence of lexical tones across human languages, understanding lexical tone acquisition is fundamental for comprehensive theories of language learning. While there are some similarities between the developmental course of lexical tone perception and that of vowels and consonants, findings for lexical tones tend to vary greatly across different laboratories. To reconcile these differences and to assess the developmental trajectory of native and non‐native perception of tone contrasts, this study employed a single experimental paradigm with the same two pairs of Cantonese tone contrasts (perceptually similar vs. distinct) across 13 laboratories in Asia‐Pacific, Europe and North‐America testing 5‐, 10‐ and 17‐month‐old monolingual (tone, pitch‐accent, non‐tone) and bilingual (tone/non‐tone, non‐tone/non‐tone) infants. Across the age range and language backgrounds, infants who were not exposed to Cantonese showed robust discrimination of the two non‐native lexical tone contrasts. Contrary to this overall finding, the statistical model assessing native discrimination by Cantonese‐learning infants failed to yield significant effects. These findings indicate that lexical tone sensitivity is maintained from 5 to 17 months in infants acquiring tone and non‐tone languages, challenging the generalisability of the existing theoretical accounts of perceptual narrowing in the first months of life.Research HighlightsThis is a multi‐language and multi‐lab investigation of young infants’ ability to discriminate lexical tones.
Kemmis-Riggs, J, Dickes, A, Berle, D & McAloon, J 2024, 'Improving parent-child relationships for young parents in the shadow of complex trauma: A Single‑Case Experimental Design Series', Child Psychiatry and Human Development, vol. 55, pp. 94-106.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
This study provides a preliminary evaluation of a dyadic intervention for young parents with a history of complex trauma, Holding Hands Young Parents (HHYP). Four mothers (17–22 years) and toddlers (12–33 months) completed the intervention, designed to improve parent–child relationships, parental self-regulation, self-efficacy and mental health, and child behaviour/emotional problems. An A–B single case experimental design series with follow-up and randomised baseline, used observational and self-report measures throughout. Linear mixed models demonstrated improvement in reciprocity and parental sensitivity over the treatment phase, with no evidence of shifts in scores at beginning or end of treatment. There was no evidence for changes in child engagement, negative states, intrusiveness or withdrawal. Reliable Change Index indicated improvement in parent-reported self-regulation, self-efficacy, stress and child emotional/behavioural problems from baseline to follow-up for all four mothers; depression showed reliable change for three. This study demonstrates relational change between young parents and their toddlers and provides preliminary data on the HHYP protocol.
Kemmis-Riggs, J, Dickes, A, Rogers, K, Berle, D & McAloon, J 2024, 'Improving Parent–Child Relationships for Young Parents in the Shadow of Complex Trauma: A Single-Case Experimental Design Series', Child Psychiatry & Human Development, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 94-106.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractThis study provides a preliminary evaluation of a dyadic intervention for young parents with a history of complex trauma, Holding Hands Young Parents (HHYP). Four mothers (17–22 years) and toddlers (12–33 months) completed the intervention, designed to improve parent–child relationships, parental self-regulation, self-efficacy and mental health, and child behaviour/emotional problems. An A–B single case experimental design series with follow-up and randomised baseline, used observational and self-report measures throughout. Linear mixed models demonstrated improvement in reciprocity and parental sensitivity over the treatment phase, with no evidence of shifts in scores at beginning or end of treatment. There was no evidence for changes in child engagement, negative states, intrusiveness or withdrawal. Reliable Change Index indicated improvement in parent-reported self-regulation, self-efficacy, stress and child emotional/behavioural problems from baseline to follow-up for all four mothers; depression showed reliable change for three. This study demonstrates relational change between young parents and their toddlers and provides preliminary data on the HHYP protocol.
Leon, T, Weidemann, G & Bailey, PE 2024, 'Older adults' decision‐making following bad advice', British Journal of Developmental Psychology, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 320-333.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractThere is minimal research investigating the influence of advice on decision‐making in older age. The present study investigated the effect of different types of bad advice, relative to no advice, on young and older adults' decision‐making in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Fifty‐four older adults and 59 young adults completed the IGT after receiving no advice, or advice to select from disadvantageous deck A (small, high‐frequency losses), or disadvantageous deck B (larger, low‐frequency losses). Corrugator EMG, memory and fluid intelligence were assessed. Averaged across advice conditions, older adults made more disadvantageous selections than young adults. There were no age‐related differences in responding to bad advice, nor in corrugator activity in response to losses (i.e. frowning), or in learning to avoid deck A faster than deck B. Selecting from deck B was associated with reduced education among older adults, and reduced fluid intelligence among young adults. The data suggest that older adults make more disadvantageous decisions than young adults, and this is not exacerbated by bad advice. Both young and older adults are slower at learning to avoid choices resulting in low frequency relative to high‐frequency losses, and this may be associated with individual differences in cognitive processing.
Leon, T, Weidemann, G, Kneebone, II & Bailey, PE 2024, 'Cognitive and Emotional Factors Influencing the Incorporation of Advice Into Decision Making Across the Adult Lifespan', The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, vol. 79, no. 7.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Abstract Objectives The present study sought to investigate the influence of advice on decision making in older age, as well as the potential influence of depressive symptoms and age-related differences in the cognitively demanding emotion regulation on advice-taking. Method A nonclinical sample (N = 156; 50% female; 47 young: M age = 29.87, standard deviation [SD] = 5.58; 54 middle-aged: M age = 50.91, SD = 7.13; 55 older: M age = 72.51, SD = 5.33) completed a judge–advisor task to measure degree of advice-taking, as well as measures of fluid intelligence, depressive symptoms, confidence, perceived advice accuracy, and emotion regulation. Results Age did not influence degree of advice-taking. Greater depressive symptoms were associated with more reliance on advice, but only among individuals who identified as emotion regulators. Interestingly, older age was associated with perceiving advice to be less accurate. Discussion The study contributes to the sparse literature on advice-taking in older age. Cognitive and emotional factors influence the degree to which advice is incorporated into decision making in consistent ways across the adult lifespan. A key difference is that older adults take as much advice as younger adults despite perceiving the advice to be less accurate.
Liu, L, Olstad, AMH, Gustavsson, L, Marklund, E & Schwarz, I-C 2024, 'Developmental trajectories of non-native tone perception differ between monolingual and bilingual infants learning a pitch accent language', Infant Behavior and Development, vol. 77, pp. 102003-102003.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Maguire, PN, Clark, GI, Cosh, SM & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Exploring experiences, barriers and treatment preferences for self-reported perinatal anxiety in Australian women: a qualitative study', Australian Psychologist, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 46-59.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Mahlberg, J, Pearson, D, Le Pelley, ME & Watson, P 2024, 'Prospective Distractor Information Reduces Reward-Related Attentional Capture', Journal of Cognition, vol. 7, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
McAloon, J & Armstrong, SM 2024, 'The Effects of Online Behavioral Parenting Interventions on Child Outcomes, Parenting Ability and Parent Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 523-549.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractThe twenty-first century has seen the development and delivery of online programs of behavioral family intervention for disruptive child behavior. Typically, programs evaluate outcomes in terms of change in child functioning and change in parenting ability. Existing research has also articulated the importance of parent–child relational capacity and its role in facilitating change in child functioning, and the importance of parent emotion regulation in the interests of ensuring optimal child development. These factors were explored in a meta-analysis of k = 14 prospective longitudinal research studies of online parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior. Peer reviewed randomized controlled trials with inactive control groups that were published in English between 2000 and 2022 were included in the review if they were delivered online; offered parent self-directed treatment; included as participants families who were screened as having child behavioral difficulties on validated psychometric assessment measures; and assessed child treatment outcomes, parenting ability and parent treatment outcomes. The protocol for this study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020215947). Statistical analyses employed random effects models and reported pooled effect sizes (Hedge’s g) within and between groups. Results emphasize the importance of child outcomes and parenting ability in program assessment, however, suggest that parents’ capacity to develop optimal parent–child relationships and regulate emotion may not be sufficiently reflected in program content. Identified continuous and categorical moderators of treatment outcome were also assessed. Results of the review are discussed in terms of their potential to influence the future development of online programs of behavioral family intervention and, therefore, child development.
Melkonian, M, McDonald, S, Karin, E, Titov, N, Dear, BF & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms using internet-delivered and face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy', Australian Psychologist, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 132-141.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Objective: Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the characteristics of individuals who engage with this treatment and whether they are comparable to those who engage in face-to-face treatment for OCD. The aim of the current study was to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of participants who engaged in a large open trial of self-guided ICBT for OCD and compare their characteristics with those who completed face-to-face treatment for OCD, as described in large, published studies. Method: Three hundred and twenty-three participants (Mage = 33.27; SD = 12.22; 74.1% female) were included in the study. Results: Participants in the ICBT group were significantly younger in age, were more likely to be female, and less likely to take psychotropic medication for their OCD symptoms, compared to participants who completed face-to-face treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups on OCD symptom severity or on depressive symptom severity. Conclusion: Although slight differences in demographic characteristics were found between the ICBT group and face-to-face CBT group, the groups had similar clinical characteristics, indicating individuals who seek both treatment modalities are comparable to one another.
Melkonian, M, McDonald, S, Karin, E, Titov, N, Dear, BF & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Reasons for seeking internet‐delivered treatment for individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder', British Journal of Clinical Psychology.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractObjectivesPatients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) face multiple barriers when accessing treatment and rarely receive best‐practice cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) when they seek help. Remote treatments, such as internet‐delivered CBT (ICBT), enhance access to evidence‐based treatments. To date, no known studies have examined the reasons individuals seek remote treatment over traditional in‐person treatment for OCD. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the treatment histories of individuals who completed ICBT for OCD and their reasons for seeking ICBT.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐six participants (Mage = 33.88; SD = 13.41, 71.7% female) were included in the study.ResultsAlmost three‐quarters of the sample had previously spoken to a health professional about their OCD symptoms. General practitioners were the most frequently consulted health professionals initially (41.7%), while psychologists were the most frequently consulted overall (81.7%). Supportive counselling (74.2%) and medication (72.5%) were the most common forms of treatment ever received. Of those who had received CBT for OCD, only 20.0% (12.5% of the overall sample) likely received best‐practice CBT. The most frequently endorsed reasons for seeking ICBT over in‐person treatment related to having no access to face‐to‐face treatment in the community (25.9%) and having found previous face‐to‐face treatment unhelpful (24.1%). Group differences in reasons for seeking ICBT over face‐to‐face treatment emerged based on geographical location, OCD severity and presence of comorbid depressive symptoms.ConclusionsEvidence‐based treatment for OCD is underutilized in the com...
Moustafa, AA, Alvinia, NP, Liu, L, Richard, Y, Hanafy, AA, Bagadood, NH & Hamza, EA 2024, 'Drinking motives as a predictor of readiness to change alcohol use', Current Psychology, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 1264-1277.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractDrinking motives have been identified as important predictors of alcohol consumption. Similarly, the degree of readiness to change (RTC) can predict behavioral changes when drinking alcohol. However, the link between drinking motives and RTC has not been explored in previous research. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the four drinking motives (coping, enhancement, social, conformity) can predict the three stages of RTC (precontemplation, contemplation and action) in relation to alcohol consumption. Two hundred and fifty-two undergraduates’ students completed an online self-assessment survey on Qualtrics that assessed motives for alcohol use, drinking behavior, and RTC. Hierarchical regressions showed that among the four specific drinking motives, coping motives significantly predicted all three stages of RTC; conformity motives positively predicted the action stage of change; social motives negatively predicted the precontemplation and action stages of change; enhancement motives were not significant in predicting RTC stages. These results indicate that the three RTC levels can be predicted by coping, social, and conformity motives, but not by enhancement motives. Additionally, given the importance of coping motives, it might be useful to address and include healthier coping mechanisms as part of clinical interventions and prevention methods to circumvent unsafe drinking behaviors independent of a single RTC stage.
Pickard, K, Davidson, MJ, Kim, S & Alais, D 2024, 'Incongruent active head rotations increase visual motion detection thresholds', Neuroscience of Consciousness, vol. 2024, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Abstract Attributing a visual motion signal to its correct source—be that external object motion, self-motion, or some combination of both—seems effortless, and yet often involves disentangling a complex web of motion signals. Existing literature focuses on either translational motion (heading) or eye movements, leaving much to be learnt about the influence of a wider range of self-motions, such as active head rotations, on visual motion perception. This study investigated how active head rotations affect visual motion detection thresholds, comparing conditions where visual motion and head-turn direction were either congruent or incongruent. Participants judged the direction of a visual motion stimulus while rotating their head or remaining stationary, using a fixation-locked Virtual Reality display with integrated head-movement recordings. Thresholds to perceive visual motion were higher in both active-head rotation conditions compared to stationary, though no differences were found between congruent or incongruent conditions. Participants also showed a significant bias to report seeing visual motion travelling in the same direction as the head rotation. Together, these results demonstrate active head rotations increase visual motion perceptual thresholds, particularly in cases of incongruent visual and active vestibular stimulation.
Seymour, K, McNicoll, J & Koenig-Robert, R 2024, 'Big brother: the effects of surveillance on fundamental aspects of social vision', Neuroscience of Consciousness, vol. 2024, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Abstract Despite the dramatic rise of surveillance in our societies, only limited research has examined its effects on humans. While most research has focused on voluntary behaviour, no study has examined the effects of surveillance on more fundamental and automatic aspects of human perceptual awareness and cognition. Here, we show that being watched on CCTV markedly impacts a hardwired and involuntary function of human sensory perception—the ability to consciously detect faces. Using the method of continuous flash suppression (CFS), we show that when people are surveilled (N = 24), they are quicker than controls (N = 30) to detect faces. An independent control experiment (N = 42) ruled out an explanation based on demand characteristics and social desirability biases. These findings show that being watched impacts not only consciously controlled behaviours but also unconscious, involuntary visual processing. Our results have implications concerning the impacts of surveillance on basic human cognition as well as public mental health.
Sher, A, Wootton, BM & Paparo, J 2024, 'A preliminary investigation of the mediating roles of self‐compassion and emotion dysregulation in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and obsessive‐compulsive behaviors', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 591-609.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractIntroductionRecent research has highlighted an association between maladaptive perfectionism and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. The primary aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether self‐compassion and emotion dysregulation independently mediated this relationship. The secondary aim was to determine whether serial mediation existed between these factors. Whether these relations held for overall obsessive‐compulsive (OC) symptoms, versus distinct dimensions of OCD, was also of interest.MethodThree hundred and ninety‐two university students (Mage = 21.81, SD = 8.01), predominantly female (79.18%), participated in an online questionnaire that included a dimensional measure of OCD. Scales assessing maladaptive perfectionism, self‐compassion, emotion dysregulation, and negative emotion states were also included.ResultsGreater maladaptive perfectionism was related to more severe OCD. Emotion dysregulation, but not self‐compassion, independently mediated this relationship. A serial mediation relationship was found, in that greater maladaptive perfectionism was associated with lower self‐compassion, which was linked to greater emotion dysregulation, and in turn related to more severe OC behaviors. In addition, distinct patterns emerged for separate OC dimensions.ConclusionsThese findings highlight emotion regulation and self‐compassion as potential targets for OCD prevention, especially in individuals with symptoms in the symmetry and unacceptable thoughts dimensions.
Spalvins, NC, Leon, T & Bailey, PE 2024, 'Influence of Age and Message Frame on COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness Early in the Pandemic', Journal of Applied Gerontology, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 716-722.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Objective: This study examined whether age would moderate the association between a brief message frame intervention and COVID-19 vaccine willingness. Methods: Data were collected in Australia between 25 June and 5 July 2021. Participants ( N = 187) aged 18–85 years had not yet received a dose of COVID-19 vaccine. After random assignment to a gain- or loss-framed message, participants reported COVID-19 vaccine willingness, general anti-vaccine attitudes, approach and avoidance motivation, and COVID-19 illness risk perception. Results: Message frame did not influence COVID-19 vaccine willingness. However, greater COVID-19 illness risk perception and older age increased the odds of Pfizer vaccine willingness, while lower avoidance motivation increased the odds of AstraZeneca vaccine willingness. Greater anti-vaccine ideology decreased the odds of willingness to receive either of the COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusions: A brief message frame intervention did not influence COVID-19 vaccine willingness across the adult lifespan.
Trenoska Basile, V, Newton‐John, T, McDonald, S & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Internet videoconferencing delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial', British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 487-506.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractObjectiveGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic mental health condition that results in significant individual and societal burden. Cognitive‐behaviour therapy (CBT) therapy is an effective treatment for GAD, however, many individuals experience logistical barriers when accessing evidence‐based care. Remote treatments may help to reduce these barriers, however, currently, there are few studies examining the efficacy of high‐intensity remote methods for GAD treatment. The current study aims to examine the efficacy of CBT delivered via videoconferencing (VCBT) for GAD using a randomized controlled trial design comparing an immediate treatment group to a waitlist control.MethodSeventy‐eight adults (Mage = 36.92; SD = 12.92; 84.4% female) with GAD were enrolled in the study.ResultsThose in the treatment group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in GAD symptoms from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment (d = 1.03) and pre‐treatment to 3‐month follow‐up (d = 1.50). Large between‐group effect sizes were also observed at post‐treatment (d = .80). Twenty‐five participants (64.10%) in the VCBT group no longer met diagnostic criteria for GAD at post‐treatment, and 26/39 (66.67%) no longer met criteria at 3‐month follow‐up. Ninety‐six per cent of participants were satisfied with the treatment.ConclusionThe results contribute towards advancing our knowledge on the efficacy and acceptability of VCBT for patients with GAD.
Tully, PJ, Cosh, SM & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Treatment of Hoarding Disorder in a Patient with Heart Failure: A Case Report', Heart and Mind.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Abstract Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by an accumulation of possessions owing to acquisition behaviors or absence of discarding, resulting in clutter severe enough to cause emotional distress, impair functioning, and preclude the use of living spaces for their intended purposes. HD is associated with significant psychiatric and physical health comorbidities. Evidence demonstrates an increased cardiovascular response, high prevalence of heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in patients with HD and yet treatment outcomes for patients with comorbid cardiovascular diseases remain unreported. A psychology referral was made for a patient with heart failure (HF) who underwent a structured clinical interview within their domicile and met criteria for adolescent-onset HD (27-year history). Treatment outcomes for this case are described, as well as the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) modifications required for the patient, living in squalor and facing eviction. Results demonstrated modest improvements in HD symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment. To ensure HF patients are involved in sorting/discarding tasks during CBT, modifications are necessary to compensate for high fatigability and dizziness to reduce the risk for serious adverse events including syncope and falls.
Veldre, A, Yu, L, Andrews, S & Reichle, ED 2024, 'Letter identity and position coding in the parafovea.', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1683-1702.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Letter position coding has been extensively examined in studies of isolated word identification, spurring the development of computational models. However, these models are largely restricted to explaining word identification in foveal vision despite the fact that early lexical processing during reading occurs in the parafovea. We report four experiments that examined the flexibility of parafoveal letter identity and position coding using a variant of the same-different match task. Participants matched transposed- and substituted-letter strings to reference words, with the former being displayed at various retinal eccentricities for 100 ms versus 300 ms to respectively preclude or allow eye movements. The first pair of experiments demonstrated the relative difficulty of coding parafoveal letter positions as compared to their identities, as well as the standard benefit in identifying words displayed in the right visual field. The second pair of experiments further demonstrated that the location of letter-position uncertainty (i.e., transposed letters) interacts with both eccentricity and visual field. Initial letter transpositions were more easily detected in the left visual field whereas transpositions of the final letters were more accurately detected in the right visual field. As discussed, these results are challenging for existing models of reading which can individually account for some of our findings but not the results in their entirety.
Waks, S, Moses, K & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Acceptability of internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with symptoms of obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A meta‐analysis', British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 315-329.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractObjectivesObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health disorder. Internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is demonstrated to be effective for OCD; however little is known about the acceptability of the treatment. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the acceptability of ICBT for adults with OCD symptoms using a meta‐analytic approach.MethodSeventeen studies (N = 1661; Mage range = 28–41 years; 58%–93% female) were included in this analysis.ResultsThe random effects pooled estimates indicated that 16.3% (95% CI: 9.8%–25.7%) of participants did not commence the treatment once they were enrolled in the study, 27.6% (95% CI: 19.0%–38.2%) did not complete the treatment, and 27.0% (95% CI: 18.2%–38.0%) did not complete the post‐treatment questionnaires of the study. The mean score on the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire ranged from 22.4 to 26.5. Overall, pooled estimates indicated that 81.6% (95% CI: 76.1%–86.0%) of participants were satisfied with the ICBT intervention and 84.7% (95% CI: 72.8%–92.0%) indicated that they would recommend the treatment to a friend. Some of the acceptability moderator analyses indicated that self‐guided ICBT interventions had lower levels of acceptability compared with clinician‐guided interventions. However, given low power, these results should be considered preliminary.ConclusionsThis study has important implications in the dissemination of ICBT for OCD.
Watson, P, Prior, K, Ridley, N, Monds, L, Manning, V, Wiers, RW & Le Pelley, ME 2024, 'Sign-tracking to non-drug reward is related to severity of alcohol-use problems in a sample of individuals seeking treatment', Addictive Behaviors, vol. 154, pp. 108010-108010.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Watson, P, Thrailkill, EA, Corbit, LH & Bouton, ME 2024, 'Introduction to the special issue: Goal direction and habit in operant behavior', Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 3-7.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Wong, R, Veldre, A & Andrews, S 2024, 'Looking for immediate and downstream evidence of lexical prediction in eye movements during reading', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 2040-2064.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Previous investigations of whether readers make predictions about the full identity of upcoming words have focused on the extent to which there are processing consequences when readers encounter linguistic input that is incompatible with their expectations. To date, eye-movement studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of the processing costs that would be expected to accompany lexical prediction. This study investigated whether readers’ lexical predictions were observable during or downstream from their initial point of activation. Three experiments assessed readers’ eye movements to predictable and unpredictable words, and then to subsequent downstream words, which probed the lingering activation of previously expected words. The results showed novel evidence of processing costs for unexpected input but only when supported by a plausible linguistic environment, suggesting that readers could strategically modulate their predictive processing. However, there was limited evidence that their lexical predictions affected downstream processing. The implications of these findings for understanding the role of prediction in language processing are discussed.
Wootton, BM, Karin, E, Melkonian, M, McDonald, S, Titov, N & Dear, BF 2024, 'Moderators of outcome in self-guided internet-delivered cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder', Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 183, pp. 104643-104643.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Wootton, BM, McDonald, S, Karin, E, Titov, N & Dear, BF 2024, 'Predictors of outcome in self‐guided internet‐delivered cognitive‐behavior therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A preliminary investigation', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 2014-2028.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractInternet‐delivered cognitive‐behavioral therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). ICBT can be delivered in a self‐guided or clinician‐guided format. While a literature is emerging on the predictors of response to clinician‐guided ICBT, there is a lack of research examining the predictors of response to self‐guided ICBT. The aim of the present study was to examine predictors of outcome in a large sample of participants with OCD who commenced a self‐guided ICBT intervention. One hundred and fifty‐seven participants (Mage = 34.82; SD = 10.49; 78% female) were included in the study. Regression analyses were conducted to determine clinical and demographic predictors of (1) posttreatment symptom severity and (2) a clinically meaningful treatment response for both the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and completer samples. The regression models significantly predicted posttreatment outcome for both the ITT (F(8, 148) = 15.844, p < .001) and completer sample (F(8, 101) = 5.929, p < .001), explaining 46% and 34% of the variance respectively. Higher baseline OCD severity, younger age, experiencing higher contamination or symmetry symptoms, and a history of past treatment were all found to be significantly associated with higher posttreatment severity in the ITT sample. In the completer sample only higher baseline OCD severity and severity of harm‐related obsessions and checking compulsions was significantly associated with higher posttreatment severity. When predicting treatment response the regression models for both the ITT and completer sample were nonsignificant.
Wootton, BM, McDonald, S, Melkonian, M, Karin, E, Titov, N & Dear, BF 2024, 'Efficacy and acceptability of a self-guided internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral educational program for obsessive-compulsive symptoms with international recruitment', Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 133-151.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Wootton, BM, Melkonian, M, McDonald, S, Karin, E, Titov, N & Dear, BF 2024, 'Predictors of dropout in self‐guided internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder: An exploratory study', British Journal of Clinical Psychology.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractObjectivesSelf‐guided internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD); however, there is little research investigating who dropouts of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an exploratory study of predictors of dropout in self‐guided ICBT for OCD. Given that definitions of dropout vary across ICBT studies, we conceptualized dropout in multiple ways: (1) early dropout (proportion of participants who did not complete the pre‐treatment questionnaires); (2) proportion of participants who did not commence the intervention; (3) proportion of participants who did not complete the treatment; and (4) proportion of participants who did not complete the post‐treatment questionnaires.MethodThis was a secondary data analysis of 323 participants with OCD symptoms who provided a successful screening assessment to commence an ICBT intervention. Binary logistic regression was used to predict dropout based on a number of exploratory variables.ResultsEarly dropout was predicted by the country of the participant (participants in the United Kingdom and India being more likely to dropout), as well as shorter symptom duration (explaining 7% of the variance). Medication use predicted non‐completion of the intervention with those taking medication for OCD being less likely to complete the treatment (explaining 3% of the variance). Completion of the post‐treatment questionnaires was predicted by higher contamination symptoms, lower depressive symptoms and higher pre‐treatment conscientiousness (explaining 13% of the variance). There were no significant predictors of treatment commencement.ConclusionsThe study provides important...
