Andrejević, M, Smillie, LD, Feuerriegel, D, Turner, WF, Laham, SM & Bode, S 2022, 'How Do Basic Personality Traits Map Onto Moral Judgments of Fairness-Related Actions?', Social Psychological and Personality Science, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 710-721.
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Reliance on fairness norms is a core feature of moral behavior and judgment, and is conceptually and empirically linked with basic personality dimensions. However, the specific nature of these links is poorly understood. In this study ( N = 313, 68% female), we employed a novel third-party judgment paradigm, in which participants made moral judgments of various sharing actions of virtual others. This allowed us to capture individual variation in the relative importance of several fairness norms. We correlated these norm profiles with Big Five personality traits. We observed distinct associations between agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion and estimates of the importance of generosity, selfishness, relative generosity, and relative selfishness norms. Comparisons of these associations at the domain- versus facet-level of personality traits suggested these relations are specific to domain-level traits. These findings are an important step toward unraveling the complex links between fairness norms and basic personality traits.
Andrejević, M, White, JP, Feuerriegel, D, Laham, S & Bode, S 2022, 'Response time modelling reveals evidence for multiple, distinct sources of moral decision caution', Cognition, vol. 223, pp. 105026-105026.
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Aouad, P, Bryant, E, Maloney, D, Marks, P, Le, A, Russell, H, Aouad, P, Barakat, S, Boakes, R, Brennan, L, Bryant, E, Byrne, S, Caldwell, B, Calvert, S, Carroll, B, Castle, D, Caterson, I, Chelius, B, Chiem, L, Clarke, S, Conti, J, Crouch, L, Dammery, G, Dzajkovski, N, Fardouly, J, Feneley, J, Foroughi, N, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M, Fursland, A, Gonzalez-Arce, V, Gouldthorp, B, Griffin, K, Griffiths, S, Hambleton, A, Hannigan, A, Hart, M, Hart, S, Hay, P, Hickie, I, Kay-Lambkin, F, King, R, Kohn, M, Koreshe, E, Krug, I, Le, A, Linardon, J, Long, R, Long, A, Madden, S, Maguire, S, Maloney, D, Marks, P, McLean, S, Meddick, T, Miskovic-Wheatley, J, Mitchison, D, O’Kearney, R, Paterson, R, Paxton, S, Pehlivan, M, Pepin, G, Phillipou, A, Piccone, J, Pinkus, R, Raykos, B, Rhodes, P, Rieger, E, Rockett, K, Rodan, S, Russell, J, Russell, H, Salter, F, Sawyer, S, Shelton, B, Singh, U, Smith, S, Smith, E, Spielman, K, Squire, S, Thomson, J, Tiggemann, M, Touyz, S, Utpala, R, Vartanian, L, Wallis, A, Ward, W, Wells, S, Wertheim, E, Wilksch, S, Williams, M, Hay, P, Miskovic-Wheatley, J, Touyz, S & Maguire, S 2022, 'Informing the development of Australia’s National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy: a rapid review methodology', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Eating disorders (EDs) are highly complex mental illnesses associated with significant medical complications. There are currently knowledge gaps in research relating to the epidemiology, aetiology, treatment, burden, and outcomes of eating disorders. To clearly identify and begin addressing the major deficits in the scientific, medical, and clinical understanding of these mental illnesses, the Australian Government Department of Health in 2019 funded the InsideOut Institute (IOI) to develop the Australian Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy, the primary aim of which was to identify priorities and targets for building research capacity and outputs. A series of rapid reviews (RR) were conducted to map the current state of knowledge, identify evidence gaps, and inform development of the national research strategy. Published peer-reviewed literature on DSM-5 listed EDs, across eight knowledge domains was reviewed: (1) population, prevalence, disease burden, Quality of Life in Western developed countries; (2) risk factors; (3) co-occurring conditions and medical complications; (4) screening and diagnosis; (5) prevention and early intervention; (6) psychotherapies and relapse prevention; (7) models of care; (8) pharmacotherapies, alternative and adjunctive therapies; and (9) outcomes (including mortality). While RRs are systematic in nature, they are distinct from systematic reviews in their aim to gather evidence in a timely manner to support decision-making on urgent or high-priority health concerns at the national level. Results Three medical science databases were searched as the primary source of literature for the RRs: Science Direct, PubMed and OVID (Medline). The search was completed on 31st May 2021 (spanning J...
Babbott, KM, Mitchison, D, Basten, C, Thornton, C, Hay, P, Byrne, S, Goldstein, M, Heruc, G, van der Werf, B, Consedine, NS & Roberts, M 2022, 'Correction to Intuitive Eating Scale‑2: psychometric properties and clinical norms among individuals seeking treatment for an eating disorder in private practice', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2271-2272.
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Babbott, KM, Mitchison, D, Basten, C, Thornton, C, Hay, P, Byrne, S, Goldstein, M, Heruc, G, van der Werf, B, Consedine, NS & Roberts, M 2022, 'Intuitive Eating Scale-2: psychometric properties and clinical norms among individuals seeking treatment for an eating disorder in private practice', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1821-1833.
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Binasis, T, Groves, D, Wootton, BM & Moses, K 2022, 'Psychometric properties of the DSM‐5 social anxiety disorder dimensional scale in an Australian community sample', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 938-950.
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AbstractObjectiveThe Social Anxiety Disorder Dimensional Scale (SAD‐D) is a 10‐item scale developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (Fifth Edition) Anxiety, Obsessive‐Compulsive Spectrum, Posttraumatic, and Dissociative Disorder work group to supplement current dichotomous approaches to assessment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SAD‐D in an Australian community sample.MethodsTwo‐hundred and ninety‐one participants (72.9% female) aged 18‐76 years (M =28.46; SD = 12.30) completed the study.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis indicated support for the unidimensional structure of the SAD‐D (root mean square error of approximation [RMSE] = 0.08; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.97). The measure demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.94), as well as good divergent validity. The SAD‐D showed excellent test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.93).ConclusionsOverall, the SAD‐D appears to be a brief and reliable measure of SAD symptomatology. Limitations, including the use of a predominantly female convenience sample, and failure to include the mental health and background of the sample, are discussed.
Brown, RJ, Burton, AL & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'The relationship between distress tolerance and symptoms of depression: Validation of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and short‐form (DTS‐SF)', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 2609-2630.
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AbstractObjective: Distress tolerance (DT) has been found to be implicated in the development and maintenance of depressive symptomatology and various other significant psychological conditions. As such, it is critical to have measures of DT that are effective and easy to administer. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, psychometric properties, and clinical utility of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the short‐form version, the Distress Tolerance Scale Short‐form (DTS‐SF), in a large population of individuals with varying levels of self‐reported depressive symptoms. Method: A total of 959 participants completed an online battery of questionnaires which included an assessment of depressive symptoms as well as the DTS and related measures. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses validated the four‐factor structure of the DTS and the one‐factor structure of the DTS‐SF. Good construct validity and good internal consistency were observed across both the DTS and DTS‐SF. Conclusion: Overall, this paper provides new evidence for the validity, reliability and discriminative ability of the DTS and the brief version of the questionnaire, the DTS‐SF.
Bryant, E, Spielman, K, Le, A, Marks, P, Aouad, P, Barakat, S, Boakes, R, Brennan, L, Bryant, E, Byrne, S, Caldwell, B, Calvert, S, Carroll, B, Castle, D, Caterson, I, Chelius, B, Chiem, L, Clarke, S, Conti, J, Crouch, L, Dammery, G, Dzajkovski, N, Fardouly, J, Feneley, J, Foroughi, N, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M, Fursland, A, Gonzalez-Arce, V, Gouldthorp, B, Griffin, K, Griffiths, S, Hambleton, A, Hannigan, A, Hart, M, Hart, S, Hay, P, Hickie, I, Kay-Lambkin, F, King, R, Kohn, M, Koreshe, E, Krug, I, Le, A, Linardon, J, Long, R, Long, A, Madden, S, Maguire, S, Maloney, D, Marks, P, McLean, S, Meddick, T, Miskovic-Wheatley, J, Mitchison, D, O’Kearney, R, Paterson, R, Paxton, S, Pehlivan, M, Pepin, G, Phillipou, A, Piccone, J, Pinkus, R, Raykos, B, Rhodes, P, Rieger, E, Rodan, S, Rockett, K, Russell, J, Russell, H, Salter, F, Sawyer, S, Shelton, B, Singh, U, Smith, S, Smith, E, Spielman, K, Squire, S, Thomson, J, Tiggemann, M, Touyz, S, Utpala, R, Vartanian, L, Wallis, A, Ward, W, Wells, S, Wertheim, E, Wilksch, S, Williams, M, Touyz, S & Maguire, S 2022, 'Screening, assessment and diagnosis in the eating disorders: findings from a rapid review', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 1.
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AbstractBackgroundLimited screening practices, minimal eating disorder training in the healthcare professions, and barriers related to help-seeking contribute to persistent low rates of eating disorder detection, significant unmet treatment need, and appreciable associated disease burden. The current review sought to broadly summarise the literature and identify gaps relating to the screening, assessment, and diagnosis of eating disorders within Western healthcare systems.MethodsThis paper forms part of a Rapid Review series scoping the evidence base for the field of eating disorders, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for studies published between 2009 and mid 2021 in English. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Control Trials were prioritised through purposive sampling. Data from selected studies relating to Screening, Assessment and Diagnosis of eating disorders were synthesised and are disseminated in the current review.ResultsEighty seven studies were identified, 38% relating to screening and 62% to assessment and diagnosis. The majority of screening studies were conducted in university student samples, showing high prevalence but only modest improvements in help-seeking in those studies that followed up post-screen. In healthcare settings, clinicians continue to have difficulty identifying eating disorder presentations, particularly Binge Eating Disorder, Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders, and sub-threshold eating disorders. This is preceded by inadequate and frequently homogenous screening mechanisms and exacerbated by considerab...
Bui, NH, Cruickshank, M, McAloon, J & Maguire, J 2022, 'Handheld Devices: The Barrier for Parents with Mental Health Difficulties in Child Outcomes', Journal of Child and Family Studies, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 2027-2038.
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Bulsara, SM, Sansom-Daly, UM, Begley, K, Forsythe, L, Livermore, N & Riashi, M 2022, 'Navigating the scientist-practitioner continuum: strategies to enhance Australian psychologists’ capacity to be research leaders', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
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Burton, AL, Brown, R & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'Overcoming difficulties in measuring emotional regulation: Assessing and comparing the psychometric properties of the DERS long and short forms', Cogent Psychology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-17.
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Difficulties with emotion regulation have been found to be implicated in the development and maintenance of depression and symptoms of low mood, as well as various other significant psychological conditions including mood disorders, anxiety disorders and personality disorders. Thus, it is important to have valid and reliable measures of difficulties with emotional regulation that are easy to administer and interpret. There are presently four available measures for this construct: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the three short-form versions, the DERS-16, the DERS-18 and the DERS-SF. There remains inconsistency in the literature about which short-form version of the DERS is best. The present study aimed to extend the literature by examining and comparing the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the well-known self-report measure the DERS, and the three short-form versions, the DERS-16, the DERS-18 and the DERS-SF, in a large convenience sample. A sample of 1049 first-year university students completed an online test battery of self-report questionnaires and a series of questions regarding demographic information. The DERS and the three short-form versions demonstrated good construct validity, good internal consistency, and good discriminative ability. The mean scores and standard deviations of the DERS subscales and DERS short-forms organized by depressive symptom severity are presented. Overall, this paper provides new evidence of the validity and clinical utility of the four versions of the DERS.
Burton, AL, Hamilton, B, Iorfino, F, La Monica, HM, Scott, EM & Hickie, IB 2022, 'Examining the prevalence of disordered eating in a cohort of young Australians presenting for mental health care at a headspace centre: results from a cross-sectional clinical survey study', BMJ Open, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. e061734-e061734.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of disordered eating in young people attending a headspace centre, an enhanced primary care centre providing early intervention services for mental health disorders for young people aged 12–25 years, in metropolitan Sydney.DesignCross-sectional assessment of disordered eating symptoms and behaviours.SettingAn enhanced primary care youth mental health service in inner urban Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsA sequential cohort of 530 young people aged 14–26 years presenting to headspace Camperdown for support with mental health concerns.Outcome measuresParticipants completed a series of questionnaires online which included items assessing the presence of eating disorder symptoms and behaviours.ResultsOver one-third of young people aged 14–26 years presenting to headspace Camperdown in a 22-month period reported symptoms of disordered eating. Of these, 32% endorsed overeating behaviours, 25% endorsed dietary restriction and 8% reported purging behaviours. In total, 44% reported engaging in one of more of these behaviours on a regular basis. Almost half reported experiencing significant shape and weight concerns. Eating disorder behaviours were particularly prevalent among female and gender-diverse participants (48% of females and 46% of gender-diverse participants compared with 35% of males) and overall scores across all of the eating disorder and body image items assessed were significantly higher for female participants compared with males.ConclusionsDisordered eating behaviours an...
Caruana, N & Seymour, K 2022, 'Objects that induce face pareidolia are prioritized by the visual system', British Journal of Psychology, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 496-507.
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AbstractThe human visual system has evolved specialized neural mechanisms to rapidly detect faces. Its broad tuning for facial features is thought to underlie the illusory perception of faces in inanimate objects, a phenomenon called face pareidolia. Recent studies on face pareidolia suggest that the mechanisms underlying face processing, at least at the early stages of visual encoding, may treat objects that resemble faces as real faces; prioritizing their detection. In our study, we used breaking continuous flash suppression (b‐CFS) to examine whether the human visual system prioritizes the detection of objects that induce face pareidolia over stimuli matched for object content. Similar to previous b‐CFS results using real face stimuli, we found that participants detected the objects with pareidolia faces faster than object‐matched control stimuli. Given that face pareidolia has been more frequently reported amongst individuals prone to hallucinations, we also explored whether this rapid prioritization is intact in individuals with schizophrenia, and found evidence suggesting that it was. Our findings suggest that face pareidolia engages a broadly tuned mechanism that facilitates rapid face detection. This may involve the proposed fast subcortical pathway that operates outside of visual awareness.
Chisholm, AK, Haebich, KM, Pride, NA, Walsh, KS, Lami, F, Ure, A, Maloof, T, Brignell, A, Rouel, M, Granader, Y, Maier, A, Barton, B, Darke, H, Dabscheck, G, Anderson, VA, Williams, K, North, KN & Payne, JM 2022, 'Delineating the autistic phenotype in children with neurofibromatosis type 1', Molecular Autism, vol. 13, no. 1.
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AbstractBackgroundExisting research has demonstrated elevated autistic behaviours in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but the autistic phenotype and its relationship to other neurodevelopmental manifestations of NF1 remains unclear. To address this gap, we performed detailed characterisation of autistic behaviours in children with NF1 and investigated their association with other common NF1 child characteristics.MethodsParticipants were drawn from a larger cross-sectional study examining autism in children with NF1. The population analysed in this study scored above threshold on the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (T-score ≥ 60; 51% larger cohort) and completed the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and/or the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2). All participants underwent evaluation of their intellectual function, and behavioural data were collected via parent questionnaires.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 68 children (3–15 years). Sixty-three per cent met the ADOS-2 ‘autism spectrum’ cut-off, and 34% exceeded the more stringent threshold for ‘autistic disorder’ on the ADI-R. Social communication symptoms were common and wide-ranging, while restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) were most commonly characterised by ‘insistence on sameness’ (IS) behaviours such as circumscribed interests and difficulties with minor changes. Autistic behaviours were weakly correlated with hyperactive/impulsive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms but not with inattentive ADHD or other behavioural characteristics. Language and verbal IQ were weakly related to social communication behaviours but not to RRBs.LimitationsLack of genetic va...
Cunningham, ML, Pinkus, RT, Lavender, JM, Rodgers, RF, Mitchison, D, Trompeter, N, Ganson, KT, Nagata, JM, Szabo, M, Murray, SB & Griffiths, S 2022, 'The ‘not-so-healthy’ appearance pursuit? Disentangling unique associations of female drive for toned muscularity with disordered eating and compulsive exercise', Body Image, vol. 42, pp. 276-286.
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Curtis, GJ, McNeill, M, Slade, C, Tremayne, K, Harper, R, Rundle, K & Greenaway, R 2022, 'Moving beyond self-reports to estimate the prevalence of commercial contract cheating: an Australian study', Studies in Higher Education, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1844-1856.
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Dahill, LM, Morrison, NMV, Mannan, H, Mitchison, D, Touyz, S, Bussey, K, Trompeter, N & Hay, P 2022, 'Exploring associations between positive and negative valanced parental comments about adolescents’ bodies and eating and eating problems: a community study', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Adolescence is a time of rapid emotional and physical development when foundational self-concepts (including beliefs about one’s weight and shape) are established. Parents are key influencers of adolescent beliefs and behaviours. This study aimed to investigate associations between perceived positive and negative parental comments on weight/shape and eating, with sons’ and daughters’ psychological distress and eating disorder cognitions (EDCs). Methods A representative mixed-sex sample of 2204 Australian adolescents (12–19 years) from the EveryBODY Study completed an online survey exploring eating behaviours, psychological wellbeing and experiences of parental comments regarding weight, shape and eating behaviours. Results Correlation analyses revealed that adolescents’ reports of perceived positive parental comments on shape/weight were significantly associated with lower psychological distress and EDCs only for daughters. All perceived negative parental comments on shape/weight or eating were associated with greater psychological distress and EDCs for both sons and daughters. In the final model of the regression analysis, only perceived parental negative shape/weight and maternal negative eating comments, adolescent stage and biological sex were significantly associated with EDCs. When known contributors such as BMI percentile and psychological distress were included in the regression model, adolescent stage and perceived negative paternal comments were no longer significantly associated with EDCs. Conclusions
Dann, KM, Veldre, A, Hay, P, Touyz, S & Andrews, S 2022, 'Assessing cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa using eye tracking: A registered report', International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 1411-1417.
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AbstractObjectiveCognitive flexibility research in anorexia nervosa (AN) has primarily focused on group differences between clinical and control participants, but research in the general population utilizing the mixed pro‐ anti‐saccade flexibility task has demonstrated individual differences in trait anxiety are a determinant of switching performance, and switching impairments are more pronounced for keypress than saccadic (eye‐movement) responses. The aim of the current research is to explore trait anxiety and differences in saccadic and keypress responding as potential determinants of performance on flexibility tasks in AN.MethodWe will compare performance on the mixed pro‐ anti‐saccade paradigm between female adult participants with a current diagnosis of AN and matched control participants, observing both saccadic and keypress responses while controlling for trait anxiety (State ‐ Trait Anxiety Inventory) and spatial working memory (Corsi Block Tapping Test). Associations with eating disorder‐related symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), flexibility in everyday life (Eating Disorder Flexibility Index), and the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire will also be assessed.ResultsData which controls for individual differences in trait anxiety and assesses flexibility at both the task‐ and response‐set level may be used to more accurately understand differences in performance on cognitive flexibility tasks by participants with AN.DiscussionClarifying the effects of trait anxiety on flexibility, and differences between task‐ and response‐set switching may advance our understanding of how cognitive flexibility relates to flexibility in everyday life and improve translation to therapeutic a...
Davidson, MJ, Macdonald, JSP & Yeung, N 2022, 'Alpha oscillations and stimulus-evoked activity dissociate metacognitive reports of attention, visibility, and confidence in a rapid visual detection task', Journal of Vision, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 20-20.
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Davies, KL, Hanley, SM, Bhullar, N & Wootton, BM 2022, 'A psychometric validation of the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire (DCQ) in adolescents and young adults', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 280-289.
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Day, S, Bussey, K, Trompeter, N & Mitchison, D 2022, 'The Impact of Teasing and Bullying Victimization on Disordered Eating and Body Image Disturbance Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review', Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 985-1006.
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Adolescence is a developmental period in which disordered eating and negative body image are highly prevalent, yet their risk factors are insufficiently understood and targeted. Despite research implicating both teasing and bullying victimization in the development of eating disorders, these strands of research are yet to be integrated. This systematic review hence aimed to identify whether teasing and bullying victimization are associated with greater risk of eating disorders and body image disturbance for adolescents. Systematic searches of PsycINFO and PubMed databases identified 79 papers that included quantitative analyses of the relationship between weight-related or nonspecific teasing or bullying victimization and disordered eating or body image disturbance. Overall, studies indicated that adolescents who are teased or bullied are more likely to experience disordered eating and negative body image compared to nonvictimized adolescents. This was more consistently observed in cross-sectional studies than in longitudinal findings. We identify several methodological limitations of the literature, including the infrequent consideration of potential mediating and moderating variables. Finally, we outline future directions such as temporal sequencing of the complex interrelationships among teasing and bullying, disordered eating, and body image disturbance in adolescents.
Dedousis-Wallace, A, Drysdale, SAO, McAloon, J, Murrihy, RC, Greene, RW & Ollendick, TH 2022, 'Predictors and Moderators Two Treatments of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children', Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, pp. 1-16.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine predictors and moderators of behavioral improvement in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) following treatment with Parent Management Training (PMT) and Collaborative and Proactive Solutions (CPS). Initial problem severity, inconsistent discipline, parental attributions of child misbehavior, and child lagging cognitive skills were examined. METHOD: One hundred and forty-five children aged between 7 and 14 (103 males, M = 8.88 years, ethnicity representative of the wider Australian population) were randomly assigned to PMT and CPS. Assessment was conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up, using independently rated semi-structured diagnostic interviews and parent-ratings of ODD symptoms. Using an intent-to-treat sample in this secondary analysis (Murrihy et al., 2022), linear regressions and PROCESS (Hayes, 2017) were used to examine these predictors and possible moderators of treatment. RESULTS: Higher pre-treatment levels of conduct problems, lagging skills, and inconsistent discipline predicted poorer behavioral outcomes following both treatments. The only characteristic that moderated treatment outcome was child-responsible attributions - mothers who were more likely to attribute their child's problematic behaviors to factors in the child had significantly poorer outcomes in PMT than CPS at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: CPS may be a more beneficial treatment than PMT for families who have been identified as having higher levels of child-responsible attributions before commencing treatment for ODD. While tentative, this provides promising insights as to how treatment outcomes for children with ODD may be improved.
Fu, KW & Tremayne, KS 2022, 'Self-efficacy and Self-control Mediate the Relationship Between Negative Emotions and Attitudes Toward Plagiarism', Journal of Academic Ethics, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 457-477.
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Ganson, KT, Mitchison, D, Rodgers, RF, Cunningham, ML, Murray, SB & Nagata, JM 2022, 'Compulsive exercise among college students: 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 717-728.
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Hambleton, A, Pepin, G, Le, A, Maloney, D, Aouad, P, Barakat, S, Boakes, R, Brennan, L, Bryant, E, Byrne, S, Caldwell, B, Calvert, S, Carroll, B, Castle, D, Caterson, I, Chelius, B, Chiem, L, Clarke, S, Conti, J, Crouch, L, Dammery, G, Dzajkovski, N, Fardouly, J, Felicia, C, Feneley, J, Firriolo, A-M, Foroughi, N, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M, Fursland, A, Gonzalez-Arce, V, Gouldthorp, B, Griffin, K, Griffiths, S, Hambleton, A, Hannigan, A, Hart, M, Hart, S, Hay, P, Hickie, I, Kay-Lambkin, F, King, R, Kohn, M, Koreshe, E, Krug, I, Le, A, Linardon, J, Long, R, Long, A, Madden, S, Maguire, S, Maloney, D, Marks, P, McLean, S, Meddick, T, Miskovic-Wheatley, J, Mitchison, D, O’Kearney, R, Ong, SH, Paterson, R, Paxton, S, Pehlivan, M, Pepin, G, Phillipou, A, Piccone, J, Pinkus, R, Raykos, B, Rhodes, P, Rieger, E, Rodan, S, Rockett, K, Russell, J, Russell, H, Salter, F, Sawyer, S, Shelton, B, Singh, U, Smith, S, Smith, E, Spielman, K, Squire, S, Thomson, J, Tiggemann, M, Touyz, S, Utpala, R, Vartanian, L, Wallis, A, Ward, W, Wells, S, Wertheim, E, Wilksch, S, Williams, M, Touyz, S & Maguire, S 2022, 'Psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders: findings from a rapid review of the literature', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 132.
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AbstractBackgroundEating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses. The mortality rate of EDs is significantly elevated compared to other psychiatric conditions, primarily due to medical complications and suicide. The current rapid review aimed to summarise the literature and identify gaps in knowledge relating to any psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders.MethodsThis paper forms part of a rapid review) series scoping the evidence base for the field of EDs, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for English-language studies focused on the psychiatric and medical comorbidities of EDs, published between 2009 and 2021. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Control Trials were prioritised.ResultsA total of 202 studies were included in this review, with 58% pertaining to psychiatric comorbidities and 42% to medical comorbidities. For EDs in general, the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities were anxiety (up to 62%), mood (up to 54%) and substance use and post-traumatic stress disorders (similar comorbidity rates up to 27%). The review also noted associations between specific EDs and non-suicidal self-injury, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. EDs were complicated by medical comorbidities across the neuroendocrine, skeletal, nutritional, gastrointestinal, dental, and reproductive systems. Medical comorbidities can precede, occur alongside or emerge as a complication of the ED.ConclusionsThis review provides a thorou...
Hamilton, A, Mitchison, D, Basten, C, Byrne, S, Goldstein, M, Hay, P, Heruc, G, Thornton, C & Touyz, S 2022, 'Understanding treatment delay: Perceived barriers preventing treatment-seeking for eating disorders', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 248-259.
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Objective: Only a small proportion of individuals with an eating disorder will receive targeted treatment for their illness. The aim of this study was to examine the length of delay to treatment-seeking and determine the barriers preventing earlier access and utilisation of eating disorder treatment for each diagnostic group – anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified feeding or eating disorder. Method: Participants were recruited as part of the TrEAT multi-phase consortium study. One hundred and nineteen Australians (13–60 years; 96.9% female) with eating disorders currently accessing outpatient treatment for their illness completed an online survey comprised of self-report measures of eating disorder severity, treatment delay and perceived barriers to treatment-seeking. The treating clinician for each participant also provided additional information (e.g. body mass index and diagnosis). Results: Overall, the average length of delay between onset of eating disorder symptoms and treatment-seeking was 5.28 years. Controlling for age, latency to treatment-seeking was significantly longer for individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder compared to anorexia nervosa. However, when perceived barriers to treatment-seeking were investigated, there were no significant differences between the diagnostic groups in regard to the perceived barriers they experienced. Stigma was rated as the most impactful barrier for each diagnostic group. Conclusion: Findings suggest that individuals with eating disorders face substantial delays in accessing appropriate treatment and that latency to treatment-seeking is often magnified for counter-stereotypical eating disorder presentations. Further resear...
Hart, LM, Mitchison, D, Fardouly, J & Krug, I 2022, 'Zoomers: videoconferencing, appearance concerns, and potential effects on adolescents', Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 320-325.
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Purpose of review The cessation of in-person teaching to reduce the spread of COVID-19 dramatically increased the use of videoconferencing for home learning among adolescents. Recent findings A consistent finding across studies assessing the relationship between videoconferencing and appearance concerns was that time spent focused on self-view was related to greater appearance concerns. Videoconferencing was associated with an increase in desire for cosmetic surgery and other nonsurgical treatments. Among those at risk of eating disorders, videoconferencing was associated with more appearance-management behaviours and less engagement in the video call. Research to date has been correlational and predominantly involved White, adult women in the USA and in Australia, leaving important gaps in our knowledge, especially around impacts on adolescents. Summary Given their vulnerability to appearance concerns, we encourage practitioners to speak to adolescents about their use of videoconferencing and how they can migitate the potential negative impacts on body image.
Hatoum, AH, Burton, AL & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'Assessing negative core beliefs in eating disorders: revision of the Eating Disorder Core Beliefs Questionnaire', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 18-14.
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Abstract Background Increased theoretical and empirical attention has been given to examining the role of core beliefs in both the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). The Eating Disorder Core Beliefs Questionnaire (ED-CBQ) is self-report measure designed to assess five dimensions of core beliefs relating to eating disorders; self-loathing, unassertive/inhibited, demanding/needing help and support, abandoned/deprived, and high standards for the self. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ED-CBQ and to develop a revised and improved version of the original measure after evaluating its factor structure and related properties. Methods A sample of undergraduate university students (N = 763) completed an online test battery of questionnaires. Putative ED-symptomatic (n = 384) and non-ED (n = 379) subgroups were created from self-reported responses from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed, and internal consistency, construct validity, group differences and clinical utility was examined. Results An initial CFA did not support the original five-factor 40-item ED-CBQ. A revised version was developed that possessed equal or superior psychometric properties to the original 40-item measure. The ED-CBQ-R demonstrated superior model fit, similar levels of reliability and construct validity, and the ability to discriminate between putative ED diagnostic groups. Conclusions...
Hoang Bui, N, Cruickshank, M, McAloon, J & Maguire, J 2022, 'A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Parental Mental Health and Handheld Devices on Child Outcomes', Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 157-157.
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Hronis, A, Roberts, R, Roberts, L & Kneebone, I 2022, 'Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for children and adolescents with intellectual disability and anxiety: a therapist manual', Discover Psychology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 24.
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AbstractUp to 50% of children with intellectual disability (ID) have a comorbid mental illness, yet to date, there has been a lack of evidence-based treatments for this population. This paper discusses the development and application of the Fearless Me! © treatment program, a multimodal Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention for children with mild to moderate ID and anxiety. The program development involved a review of the literature to identify the neuropsychological deficits present for children with ID and suggested ways in which therapy could be adapted for their needs. This was followed by gathering feedback from parents and mental health practitioners. From this, the Fearless Me! © program was developed, involving face-to-face sessions and an online component to support the practice of CBT skills. The program has been trialed among children and adolescents with ID, and shows promise in reducing anxiety in children with mild to moderate ID.
Le Pelley, ME, Ung, R, Mine, C, Most, SB, Watson, P, Pearson, D & Theeuwes, J 2022, 'Reward learning and statistical learning independently influence attentional priority of salient distractors in visual search', Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 1446-1459.
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AbstractExisting research demonstrates different ways in which attentional prioritization of salient nontarget stimuli is shaped by prior experience: Reward learning renders signals of high-value outcomes more likely to capture attention than signals of low-value outcomes, whereas statistical learning can produce attentional suppression of the location in which salient distractor items are likely to appear. The current study combined manipulations of the value and location associated with salient distractors in visual search to investigate whether these different effects of selection history operate independently or interact to determine overall attentional prioritization of salient distractors. In Experiment 1, high-value and low-value distractors most frequently appeared in the same location; in Experiment 2, high-value and low-value distractors typically appeared in distinct locations. In both experiments, effects of distractor value and location were additive, suggesting that attention-promoting effects of value and attention-suppressing effects of statistical location-learning independently modulate overall attentional priority. Our findings are consistent with a view that sees attention as mediated by a common priority map that receives and integrates separate signals relating to physical salience and value, with signal suppression based on statistical learning determined by physical salience, but not incentive salience.
Liu, L, Chen, A & Kager, R 2022, 'Simultaneous bilinguals who do not speak a tone language show enhancement in pitch sensitivity but not in executive function', Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 310-346.
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Abstract Previous studies have reported perceptual advantages, such as when discriminating non-native linguistic or musical pitch differences, among first-year infants growing up in bilingual over monolingual environments. It is unclear whether such effects should be attributed to bilinguals’ enhanced perceptual sensitivity and/or cognitive abilities, and whether such effects would extend to adulthood. Twenty-four Dutch, 24 Dutch simultaneous bilingual (DSB), and 24 Chinese Mandarin speakers were examined by three sets of tasks assessing their linguistic pitch and music perception, executive function, as well as interactions across these modalities. Results showed degrees of advantages for DSB and Chinese participants’ over their Dutch peers in lexical tone discrimination and pitch-related music tasks. In tasks related to executive function, no difference was observed between DSB and Dutch participants, while Chinese participants’ performances were modulated by cognitive interference of language processing. Findings suggest that listeners’ enhanced sensitivity to linguistic and musical pitch may stem from acoustic (DSB) and experience (Chinese) rather than cognitive factors. Moreover, Dutch participants showed robust correlations between their linguistic and musical pitch perception, followed by limited correlations in DSB, and virtually no correlation among Chinese participants, illustrating how distinct language experiences can lead to specific pitch perception patterns between language and music.
Liu, L, Lai, R, Singh, L, Kalashnikova, M, Wong, PCM, Kasisopa, B, Chen, A, Onsuwan, C & Burnham, D 2022, 'The tone atlas of perceptual discriminability and perceptual distance: Four tone languages and five language groups', Brain and Language, vol. 229, pp. 105106-105106.
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Liu, L, Lai, R, Singh, L, Kalashnikova, M, Wong, PCM, Kasisopa, B, Chen, A, Onsuwan, C & Burnham, D 2022, 'The tone atlas of perceptual discriminability and perceptual distance: Four tone languages and five language groups', BRAIN AND LANGUAGE, vol. 229.
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Melkonian, M, McDonald, S, Scott, A, Karin, E, Dear, BF & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Symptom improvement and remission in untreated adults seeking treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 318, pp. 175-184.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition that results in significant distress and impairment, and high societal costs. OCD is widely considered to be a chronic condition, however, our understanding of the chronicity of the disorder, and the incidence of spontaneous remission, has largely relied on longitudinal studies of individuals who have received treatment. The aim of the current study is to examine symptom improvement and rate of spontaneous remission in individuals with OCD who were assigned to a no-treatment control group within a randomized controlled trial using a meta-analytic approach. Twelve studies (n = 282; mean age = 35.52; 60.03 % female) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled within-group effect size was negligible (g = -0.14; 95 % CI [-0.25, -0.04]) and only 4 % of participants demonstrated spontaneous remission across an average of 10.92 weeks (event rate = 0.04; [95 % CI: 0.01, 0.11]). Sample size and duration of OCD symptoms significantly moderated the effect size for symptom change. No moderators were found for symptom remission. The findings add to the small body of literature demonstrating that OCD has a chronic and unremitting course without treatment.
Mendonca, CJ, Newton-John, TRO & Bulsara, SM 2022, 'Psychosocial factors and quality of life in HIV', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 167-173.
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Mitchison, D, Mond, J, Griffiths, S, Hay, P, Nagata, JM, Bussey, K, Trompeter, N, Lonergan, A & Murray, SB 2022, 'Prevalence of muscle dysmorphia in adolescents: findings from the EveryBODY study', Psychological Medicine, vol. 52, no. 14, pp. 3142-3149.
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AbstractBackgroundWe sought to provide the first point prevalence estimates of muscle dysmorphia (MD), a form of body dysmorphic disorder characterized by a preoccupation with perceived insufficient muscularity, in adolescents.MethodsData were taken from a survey of 3618 Australian adolescents (11.172–19.76 years; 49.3% girls). Measures captured demographic characteristics, symptoms of MD and eating disorders, psychological distress and functional impairment. Diagnostic criteria for MD developed by Pope et al. (1997, Psychosomatics, 38(6), 548–557) were applied, entailing preoccupation with insufficient muscularity causing significant levels of distress or disability that cannot be better accounted for by an eating disorder.ResultsThe point prevalence of MD was 2.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–3.0%] among boys and 1.4% (95% CI 0.9–2.0%) among girls. Prevalence was not associated with gender (V = 0.031) or socioeconomic status (SES) (partial η2< 0.001), but was marginally associated with older age (partial η2 = 0.001). Boys with MD were more likely than girls with MD to report severe preoccupation with muscularity (V = 0.259) and a weight-lifting regime that interfered with their life (V = 0.286), whereas girls with MD were more likely to report discomfort with body exposure (V = 0.380).
Moses, K & Wootton, B 2022, 'A preliminary evaluation of the CBT Decision Making Questionnaire for Anxiety and Related Disorders (CDMQ-A)', Clinical Psychologist, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 34-43.
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Naeli, A, Skentzos, M & Hronis, A 2022, 'The influence of members’ attachment style on group cohesion in substance use therapy groups', Discover Psychology, vol. 2, no. 1.
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AbstractGroup cohesion is an important factor in group therapy as it influences treatment outcomes and group processes. One’s attachment style has been found to impact experiences of group cohesion, however research into this relationship in substance use disorder (SUD) group treatment is lacking. This is of particular concern as insecure attachment presentations are more prevalent in this clinical population and group therapy is often treatment of choice. The current study sought to determine whether attachment style significantly predicted group cohesion. It also provided a qualitative exploration of factors that promote group cohesion in SUD group treatment. Participants (N = 38) attending a SUD therapy program completed self-report measures. Attachment avoidance was a significant negative predictor of positive bonding and positive working, and a significant positive predictor of negative relationships. Attachment anxiety was a significant negative predictor of negative relationships, however, unexpectedly did not significantly predict positive bonding or positive working. The current findings highlight the importance of group therapists tailoring group treatment to meet the attachment needs of individuals to promote a group therapy environment conducive to recovery.
Nagata, JM, Ganson, KT, Griffiths, S, Mitchison, D, Garber, AK, Vittinghoff, E, Bibbins-Domingo, K & Murray, SB 2022, 'Prevalence and correlates of muscle-enhancing behaviors among adolescents and young adults in the United States', International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 119-129.
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Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence of muscle-enhancing behaviors in adolescents and young adults using a nationally representative sample in the USA and to examine differences by sex, race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and participation in team sports. Methods Prospective cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Waves I through III (1994–2002) were analyzed. Engagement in muscle-enhancing behaviors including dietary changes, exercise and weightlifting, supplement use, performance-enhancing substances, and anabolic androgenic steroids were recorded. Multiple logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations, incorporating robust standard errors with clustering by school and within persons, and using national sample weighting, were used to determine associations with muscle-enhancing behaviors across three data collection waves. Results Of the 18,924 adolescents at baseline, 29.2% of males and 7.0% of females reported weight gain attempts, while 25.2% of males and 3.8% of females reported any muscle-enhancing behavior. All muscle-enhancing behaviors were more common in males compared to females (p<0.001). Among young men 18–26 years old, 15.6% reported using legal performance enhancing substances and 2.7% reported using androgenic anabolic steroids. Factors that were associated with muscle-enhancing behaviors in males across three data collection waves included Black or Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity, age over 14 years, higher parental education, lower body mass index, and participation...
Penney, E, Reynolds, J, Knott, V & Green, H 2022, 'Lessons from 2020: practical and clinical aspects of rapid telepsychology adoption in clinical psychology postgraduate programs', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 161-166.
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Penney, ES & Norton, AR 2022, 'A Novel Application of the Schema Therapy Mode Model for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Naturalistic Case Study', Clinical Case Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 34-47.
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Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a condition defined by an excessive and persistent fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations. Whilst Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the gold standard treatment, not all individuals with SAD respond to CBT. The Schema Therapy Mode Model is frequently applied to chronic and hard-to-treat conditions and therefore may be applicable for SAD individuals who are non-responders to CBT. This case study describes how the Mode Model was successfully used to treat a woman in her 20s who presented with excessive fears of negative evaluation and pervasive social avoidance. Experiential techniques, such as chair dialogues and imagery rescripting, resulted in cognitive modification of negative core beliefs, reduced experiential discomfort and increased engagement in social and relational activities. This case offers a preliminary indication that the Schema Therapy Mode Model may be an effective treatment for socially anxious individuals and that further theoretical and empirical study in this area is warranted.
Prnjak, K, Jukic, I, Mitchison, D, Griffiths, S & Hay, P 2022, 'Body image as a multidimensional concept: A systematic review of body image facets in eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia', Body Image, vol. 42, pp. 347-360.
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Body image disturbance is core to the psychopathology of eating disorders (EDs), and related disorders such as muscle dysmorphia (MD). Global measures of body image fail to quantify specific aspects of body image disturbance that characterizes EDs, and may be differentially associated to outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of specific body image facets and synthesize findings from controlled studies that compared clinical ED/MD and control-comparison groups in body image disturbance. One-hundred sixty-seven studies met inclusion criteria, and reported on comparisons among 30,584 individuals in 28 body image facets, which were more broadly grouped into evaluative, perceptual, cognitive-affective and motivational categories for the purpose of the present review. Effect sizes were calculated as Cohen's d for every comparison between ED and control groups. Body dissatisfaction (evaluative category) was the most prevalent facet assessed across studies (62 %), and differences between clinical and control groups were the largest in this category, especially for bulimia nervosa (d = 1.37). Scarcity of studies with male and MD clinical samples, and use of single-item and non-validated measures, should encourage development of instruments for body image facets pertinent to EDs and MD that can be validly applied across gender.
Seymour, K & Kaliuzhna, M 2022, 'Self-monitoring in schizophrenia: Weighting exteroceptive visual signals against self-generated vestibular cues', Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, vol. 29, pp. 100256-100256.
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Seymour, K, Sterzer, P & Soto, N 2022, 'Believing is seeing: The link between paranormal beliefs and perceiving signal in noise', Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 106, pp. 103418-103418.
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Shires, A 2022, 'a)Gonsalvez, C. J., Deane, F.P., Terry, J., Nasstasia, Y., and Shires, A. (2021). Innovations in competence assessment: Design and initial validation of the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT). Training and Education in Professional Psychology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tep0000302.', pp. 106-116.
Shires, A, Gonsalvez, C..J & Deane, F.P. 2022, 'Gonsalvez, C. J., Deane, F.P., Terry, J., Nasstasia, Y., and Shires, A. (2021). Innovations in competence assessment: Design and initial validation of the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT).15, 106-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tep0000302.', Education in Professional Psychology,, vol. 15, pp. 106-116.
Shnier, NL, Burton, AL, Rapee, RM, Modini, M & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'Psychometric properties of the state Probability and Consequences Questionnaire for social anxiety disorder', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 92, pp. 102636-102636.
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Cognitive models of social anxiety propose that overestimation of the probability and cost of negative evaluation plays a central role in maintaining the disorder. However, there are currently no self-report state-based measures of probability and cost appraisals. The current paper examines the psychometric properties of the Probability and Consequences Questionnaire for social anxiety (PCQ-SA), which measures probability and consequence appraisals both in anticipation of, and in response to, an impromptu speech task. A total of 532 participants were recruited for the present study, consisting of 409 participants with a principal diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), and 123 non-clinical controls. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor solution for the PCQ-SA. The PCQ-SA demonstrated excellent internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability, good convergent validity at both time points (i.e., pre and post speech task), and sensitivity to treatment. Finally, using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis, clinical cut-off scores were calculated for probability and consequences at both time points, with the PCQ-SA scales showing good sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Overall, the results provide evidence that the PCQ-SA possesses excellent psychometric properties. The PCQ-SA is suitable for use in clinical and research settings to assess key cognitive maintaining factors for SAD.
Simpson, S, Azam, F, Brown, S, Hronis, A & Brockman, R 2022, 'The impact of personality disorders and personality traits on psychotherapy treatment outcome of eating disorders: A systematic review', Personality and Mental Health, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 217-234.
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AbstractA significant proportion of those with eating disorders (EDs) do not respond to first‐line treatments. This systematic review was conducted to identify whether personality disorders (PDs)/traits predict or moderate ED treatment outcomes and whether these outcomes were differentially influenced by ED or PD diagnostic subtypes, or treatment approach. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. A total of seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) plus four follow‐up studies were reviewed investigating the impact of PD and PD traits on treatment outcomes for EDs. The majority indicated that PD had some impact on treatment outcomes. Outcome measures and time‐point measurements varied across studies. Included studies suggested that bulimia nervosa treatment outcomes were not hindered by co‐morbidity of borderline PD; however, psychiatric impairment remained high at post‐treatment and follow‐up. Cluster C PDs were found to negatively impact treatment outcomes for binge ED and attrition rates for anorexia nervosa. Included studies suggested that interventions that addressed aspects of personality pathology showed greater main effects for ED treatment outcomes. There is an urgent need for future RCTs on ED treatments to include routine measures of core personality features to allow their impacts to be more thoroughly examined and for psychotherapies to be tailored accordingly.
Skentzos, M, Naeli, A & Hronis, A 2022, 'The influence of attachment style on interpersonal learning in substance use psychotherapy groups', Discover Psychology, vol. 2, no. 1.
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AbstractSubstance Use Disorders (SUDs) are prevalent, long-term conditions, commonly treated via group intervention. Additionally, interpersonal learning (IL) is a therapeutic factor unique to group treatment programs, which has been associated with successful group therapy outcomes. While previous research has suggested attachment styles may predict experiences of IL within groups, research in this area is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate if attachment style impacts IL, within SUD group treatment programs and specifically, if anxious and avoidant attachment styles influence IL. Participants (N = 38) were recruited voluntarily from an outpatient SUD open group therapy program at a private mental health hospital in Sydney. All participants completed paper-based self-report questionnaires to assess attachment style and IL. Two separate Multiple Linear Regressions (MLRs) revealed anxious attachment was not a significant predictor of IL and avoidant attachment was a significant, negative predictor of IL. Additionally, thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed themes and behaviours which may improve IL. Thus, future directions and implications of the study’s findings indicate the need to conduct additional research into members attachment-based needs to enhance SUD group treatment outcomes.
Smith, VM, Watson, P & Most, SB 2022, 'Enhanced recognition of emotional images is not affected by post-exposure exercise-induced arousal', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 1056-1066.
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Research suggests that aerobic exercise (i.e., exercise aiming to improve cardiovascular fitness) promotes cognition, but the impact on memory specifically, is unclear. There is some evidence to suggest that as little as one session of post-learning exercise benefits memory consolidation. Furthermore, memory may be particularly facilitated by exercise when the individual is emotionally aroused while encoding stimuli. The current study tested whether exercise after exposure to neutral and emotional images improved memory consolidation of the items among university students. Ninety-nine students were randomly instructed to either exercise or not exercise after viewing a set of images that were positive, neutral, and negative in valence, and they were later tested on their memory. Although emotional images were remembered better than non-emotional images, the results suggested that exercise did not influence this effect or enhance consolidation of the items overall. Explanations and implications for these findings are discussed.
Speers, AJH, Bhullar, N, Cosh, S & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Correlates of therapist drift in psychological practice: A systematic review of therapist characteristics', Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 93, pp. 102132-102132.
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Spirou, D, Raman, J, Bishay, RH, Ahlenstiel, G & Smith, E 2022, 'Childhood trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, early maladaptive schemas, and schema modes: a comparison of individuals with obesity and normal weight controls', BMC Psychiatry, vol. 22, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Previous research on the psychological mechanisms of obesity has primarily focused on acute psychopathology. However, there is limited literature on the role of more complex and entrenched psychological processes in weight management. The current study aimed to expand previous research by examining more enduring psychological constructs, including early maladaptive schemas (EMS), schemas modes, and trauma. Methods Participants (N = 125) comprised adults with normal weight (n = 40) and obesity (n = 85) from community and clinical settings in Australia. Eligible participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Two, separate, one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were conducted to examine group differences on the outcome variables. Results Findings indicated a significant effect of group on EMS and schema modes, V = .51, F(32, 92) = 2.97, p < .001, partial η2 = .51. Follow-up univariate tests revealed that individuals with obesity endorsed significantly more maladaptive schemas and schema modes and significantly less healthy schema modes than individuals with normal weight. In addition, results demonstrated a significant effect of group on childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, V = .19, F(6, 118) = 4.70, p < .001, partial η2 = .19. Subsequent univariate tests and chi-square analyses indicat...
Spirou, D, Raman, J, Leith, M, Collison, J, Bishay, RH, Ahlenstiel, G, Hay, P & Smith, E 2022, 'The psychometric properties of the grazing questionnaire in an obesity sample with and without binge eating disorder', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Despite being the first validated measure of grazing, the Grazing Questionnaire (GQ) has not been investigated among individuals with obesity. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the GQ in an obesity sample. Methods Participants (N = 259) were recruited from community and clinical settings in Australia. The sample comprised adults with normal weight (n = 77) and obesity (n = 182). A portion of individuals with obesity (n = 102) had binge eating disorder (BED). Data from the obesity group was examined to establish the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the GQ. A one-way ANOVA with planned contrasts was conducted to compare scores on the GQ across groups. Results Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 2-factor model of the GQ was the best model fit for individuals with obesity. The GQ demonstrated high internal consistency, test–retest reliability over 3 months, and convergent and divergent validity. As hypothesised, the obesity group had significantly higher scores on the GQ than the normal weight group, while the obesity with BED group had significantly higher scores than the obesity without BED group. Conclusion This was the first study to investigate the psychometric properties of the GQ in an obesity sample. Overall, findings indicated that the GQ is a psychometrically sound measure of grazing among individuals with obesity. These findings pro...
Tremayne, KS, Newbery, G, Tremayne, P & Nolan, KA 2022, 'Can the Dunning-Kruger effect occur in the motor performance domain?', International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 715-728.
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Trenoska Basile, V, Newton-John, T & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Internet videoconferencing delivered cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: protocol for a randomized controlled trial', Trials, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 592.
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AbstractBackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic mental health condition that results in a significant individual and societal burden. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well established as an efficacious treatment for GAD, many patients experience logistical barriers when accessing face-to-face CBT. Remotely delivered treatments remove many of these barriers. Despite emerging evidence demonstrating the efficacy of remotely delivered CBT for GAD, studies examining the efficacy of remote methods for GAD that are analogous to standard face-to-face treatment, in particular synchronous treatments such as CBT delivered via online videoconferencing (VCBT), are needed.MethodsThe authors propose a two-group randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of VCBT for GAD against a waitlist control group. The recruitment target will be 78 adults with primary GAD of at least moderate severity. The manualized high-intensity VCBT intervention will be delivered weekly over a 10-week period. After treatment completion, waitlist participants will receive the same VCBT delivered in a brief format (i.e., weekly over a 5-week period). Treatment for both groups will be delivered in real time via an online teleconferencing platform. Outcome measures will be administered at baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up.DiscussionThis trial will report findings on the efficacy of a remote synchronous high-intensity VCBT intervention for GAD. The results have the potential to contribute towards advancing our knowledge on the evidence base for GAD, as well as increase the dissemination of VCBT for GAD.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry
Trenoska Basile, V, Newton‐John, T & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Remote cognitive‐behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary meta‐analysis', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 2381-2395.
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AbstractBackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic mental health condition that results in significant individual, societal, and economic burden. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well established as an efficacious treatment for GAD, individuals have identified several logistical barriers to accessing face‐to‐face CBT. Remotely delivered treatments address many of these treatment barriers.MethodsThe aim of the current study was to synthesize the current literature on the efficacy of remote CBT for GAD using a meta‐analytic approach. Relevant articles were identified through an electronic database search and 10 studies (with 11 remote conditions and 1071 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsWithin‐group findings indicate that remote CBT for GAD results in large effect sizes from pretreatment to posttreatment (g = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03−1.58). Both low intensity and high intensity remote CBT interventions were found to result in large effect sizes (g = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.11−1.61 andg = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.20−1.47, respectively), with no significant differences between the treatment formats (Q1 = 2.28,p = 0.13). Between‐group effect sizes were medium in size at posttreatment (g = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.47−1.06).ConclusionsThese findings have potential implications for the delivery of evidence‐based treatment for GAD and the inclusion of remote methods in stepped care treatment approaches.
Trompeter, N, Bussey, K, Forbes, MK, Hay, P, Goldstein, M, Thornton, C, Basten, C, Heruc, G, Roberts, M, Byrne, S, Griffiths, S, Lonergan, A & Mitchison, D 2022, 'Emotion Dysregulation and Eating Disorder Symptoms: Examining Distinct Associations and Interactions in Adolescents', Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 683-694.
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AbstractEmotion dysregulation has been posited as a key transdiagnostic factor of mental health difficulties, including eating disorders. However, how this transdiagnostic factor interacts with the disorder-specific factor of weight and shape concerns remains unclear. The current study examined whether emotion dysregulation is associated with eating disorder behaviors over and above the association between weight and shape concerns and whether these two factors interacted. The current study used data from two samples, a community sample of high school students (n = 2699), and a clinical sample of adolescents receiving outpatient treatment for an eating disorder (n = 149). Participants completed self-report measures on their eating behaviors, weight/shape concerns, and emotion dysregulation. Findings showed that emotion dysregulation had a unique association with engaging in binge eating and purging (community sample only). Weight and shape concerns were found to have a unique association with engaging in binge eating, fasting, purging, and driven exercise (community sample only). Additionally, weight and shape concerns moderated the association between emotion dysregulation and the probability of engaging in binge eating and driven exercise, whereby the strongest association between emotion dysregulation and these behaviors were observed among adolescents with the lowest levels of weight and shape concerns. Regarding the frequency of eating disorder behaviors, emotion dysregulation had a unique association with severity of binge eating and fasting. Weight and shape concerns were uniquely associated with severity of fasting and driven exercise (community sample only). Findings suggest that emotion dysregulation is a distinct factor of eating disorder behaviors among adolescents.
Trompeter, N, Bussey, K, K Forbes, M, Griffiths, S, Mond, J, Lonergan, A & Mitchison, D 2022, 'Peer victimization and weight/shape concerns in adolescents: Examining the moderating role of appearance-based rejection sensitivity', Body Image, vol. 40, pp. 207-212.
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Urale, PWB, Puckett, AM, York, A, Arnold, D & Schwarzkopf, DS 2022, 'Highly accurate retinotopic maps of the physiological blind spot in human visual cortex', Human Brain Mapping, vol. 43, no. 17, pp. 5111-5125.
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AbstractThe physiological blind spot is a naturally occurring scotoma corresponding with the optic disc in the retina of each eye. Even during monocular viewing, observers are usually oblivious to the scotoma, in part because the visual system extrapolates information from the surrounding area. Unfortunately, studying this visual field region with neuroimaging has proven difficult, as it occupies only a small part of retinotopic cortex. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a novel data‐driven method for mapping the retinotopic organization in and around the blind spot representation in V1. Our approach allowed for highly accurate reconstructions of the extent of an observer’s blind spot, and out‐performed conventional model‐based analyses. This method opens exciting opportunities to study the plasticity of receptive fields after visual field loss, and our data add to evidence suggesting that the neural circuitry responsible for impressions of perceptual completion across the physiological blind spot most likely involves regions of extrastriate cortex—beyond V1.
Watson, P, O’Callaghan, C, Perkes, I, Bradfield, L & Turner, K 2022, 'Making habits measurable beyond what they are not: A focus on associative dual-process models', Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 142, pp. 104869-104869.
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Habits are the subject of intense international research. Under the associative dual-process model the outcome devaluation paradigm has been used extensively to classify behaviours as being either goal-directed (sensitive to shifts in the value of associated outcomes) or habitual (triggered by stimuli without anticipation of consequences). This has proven to be a useful framework for studying the neurobiology of habit and relevance of habits in clinical psychopathology. However, in recent years issues have been raised about this rather narrow definition of habits in comparison to habitual behaviour experienced in the real world. Specifically, defining habits as the absence of goal-directed control, the very specific set-ups required to demonstrate habit experimentally and the lack of direct evidence for habits as stimulus-response behaviours are viewed as problematic. In this review paper we address key critiques that have been raised about habit research within the framework of the associative dual-process model. We then highlight novel research approaches studying different features of habits with methods that expand beyond traditional paradigms.
Watson, P, Pavri, Y, Le, J, Pearson, D & Le Pelley, ME 2022, 'Attentional capture by signals of reward persists following outcome devaluation', Learning & Memory, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 181-191.
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Attention, the mechanism that prioritizes stimuli in the environment for further processing, plays an important role in behavioral choice. In the present study, we investigated the automatic orienting of attention to cues that signal reward. Such attentional capture occurs despite negative consequences, and we investigated whether this counterproductive and reflexive behavior would persist following outcome devaluation. Thirsty participants completed a visual search task in which the color of a distractor stimulus in the search display signaled whether participants would earn water or potato chips for making a rapid eye movement to a diamond target, but looking at the colored distractor was punished by omission of the signaled reward. Nevertheless, participants looked at the water-signaling distractor more frequently than the chip-signaling distractor. Half the participants then drank water ad libitum before continuing with the visual search task. Although the water was now significantly less desirable for half of the participants, there was no difference between groups in the tendency for the water-signaling distractor to capture attention. These findings suggest that once established, counterproductive attentional bias to signals of reward persists even when those outcomes are no longer valuable. This suggests a “habit-like” attentional mechanism that prioritizes reward stimuli in the environment for further action, regardless of whether those stimuli are aligned with current goals or currently desired.
Zeng, Z, Liu, L, Tuninetti, A, Peter, V, Tsao, F-M & Mattock, K 2022, 'English and Mandarin native speakers? cue-weighting of lexical stress: Results from MMN and LDN', BRAIN AND LANGUAGE, vol. 232.
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Zeng, Z, Liu, L, Tuninetti, A, Peter, V, Tsao, F-M & Mattock, K 2022, 'English and Mandarin native speakers’ cue-weighting of lexical stress: Results from MMN and LDN', Brain and Language, vol. 232, pp. 105151-105151.
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Zhai, T, Bailey, PE, Rogers, KD & Kneebone, II 2022, 'Validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in younger adults', International Journal of Behavioral Development, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 148-156.
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This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in younger adults. Participants were 212 younger adults age M = 22 (range = 17–53) years. They completed a demographic information questionnaire and self-report measures: the GAI, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Worry Behaviors Inventory (WBI). Data from the GAI were collected at two time points, one week apart, and data from other self-report measures were collected once via Qualtrics, an online survey platform. The internal consistency and test–retest score reliability of the GAI were excellent. It had good congruent validity with other anxiety measures, limited divergent validity with depression measures, and sound convergent validity with worry measures. The GAI showed good discrimination between probable cases and noncases of generalized anxiety disorder (participants who scored ⩾8 on the GAD-7) and its optimal cutoff score for probable cases of GAD was ⩾12. A unidimensional component structure of the GAI best fit this study’s data. This study has provided preliminary evidence that the GAI is reliable and valid for use in an Australian sample of younger adults.
