Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & Society, IEEEC 1970, 'Efficient and highly scalable route discovey for on-demand routing protocols in ad hoc networks', LCN 2005: 30th Conference on Local Computer Networks, Proceedings, Local Computer Networks, 2005. 30th Anniversary. The IEEE Conference on, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 358-365.
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This paper presents a number of different route discovery strategies for on-demand routing protocols, which provide more control to each intermediate node make during the route discovery phase to make intelligent forwarding decisions. This is achieved through the idea of self-selection. In self-selecting route discovery each node independently makes route request (RREQ) forwarding decisions based upon a selection criterion or by satisfying certain conditions. The nodes which do not satisfy the selection criterion do not rebroadcast the routing packets. We implemented our self-selecting route discovery strategies over AODV using the GloMoSim network simulation package, and compared the performance with existing route discovery strategies used in AODV. Our simulation results show that a significant drop in the number of control packets can be achieved by giving each intermediate node more authority for self-selection during route discovery. Furthermore, a significant increase in throughput is achieved as the number nodes in the network is increased
Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T, Lipman, J & IEEE 1970, 'Performance investigation on three-classes of MANET routing protocols', 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Vols 1& 2, Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on, Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on, Perth, WA, pp. 774-778.
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Routing in Ad hoc Networks has received significant attention with a number of different routing protocols proposed in recent years. These routing protocols may be classified into three main categories: proactive, reactive and hybrid. Prior work aimed at comparing the performance of routing protocols has mainly focused on comparing reactive and proactive protocols [6] [4] [1]. In this paper, we present a simulation study of different routing protocols from all three categories. We also explore the benefits and performance of each routing category. Further, we present a discussion of future research directions for routing in Ad hoc Networks. © 2005 IEEE.
Chaczko, Z & Ahmad, F 1970, 'Wireless Sensor Network Based System for Fire Endangered Areas', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 203-207.
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This paper describes a system design approach for a wireless sensor network based application that is to be used to measure temperature and humidity as well as being fitted with a smoke defector. Such a device can be used as an early warning fire detecti
Chaczko, Z & Sinha, SN 1970, 'SAFE Model Approach to Construction of Intelligent Security Systems', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 197-202.
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Dynamic environments such as that of any public and private infrastructure, workplace and even home consist of multiple entities that continuously interact with each other. Integrating an intelligent security system in such an environment necessitates the need for a soft systems approach that gives perspective to such interactions through identifying associated holons. The holonic analysis allows characterisation of ill-defined and often problematic situations that are resultant of the human activity system. This paper discusses some techniques that can be adopted to resolve scenarios that are plagued with uncertainty in reasoning and the continuously varying nature of interrelationship between native entities. The technical aspect of this system encompasses the mode of query processing and surveillance through a structured sensor network set up with the aid of distributed services and network protocols.
Challa, S, Gulrez, T, Chaczko, Z, Paranesha, TN & IEEE 1970, 'Opportunistic information fusion: A new paradigm for next generation networked sensing systems', 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Vols 1 and 2, International Conference on Information Fusion, IEEE, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 720-727.
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Traditionally, Information Fusion systems assume that the information is gathered from known sensors over proprietary communication networks and fuse using fixed rules of information fusion and designated computing and communication resources. Emerging technologies like wireless sensor networks, TEDS enabled legacy sensors, ubiquitous computing devices and all IP next generation networks are challenging the rationale of conventional information fusion systems. The technology has matured to a point where it is reasonable to discover sensors based on the context, establish relevance, query for appropriate data, and fuse it using the most appropriate fusion rule, using ubiquitous computing and communication environment in an opportunistic manner. We define such fusion systems as opportunistic information fusion systems. In this paper we introduce this new paradigm for information fusion and identify plausible approaches and challenges to design, develop and deploy the proposed next generation opportunistic information fusion systems.
Cheng, E & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Disjoint camera track matching by an illumination effects reduction and major colour spectrum histograms representation algorithms', Proceedings Image and vision computing New Zealand 2005, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Wickliffe Ltd, Dunedin, New Zeland, pp. 432-437.
Cheng, E, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Boat Generated acoustic target signal detection by use of an adaptive median CFAR and multi-frame integration algorithm', Proceedings of EUSPICO 2005, 13th Europena Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2005), EURASIP, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-4.
Cheng, ED, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Boat-generated acoustic target signal detection by use of an Adaptive Median CFAR and multi-frame integration algorithm', 13th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2005, pp. 13-16.
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In this paper, an Adaptive Median Constant False Alarm Rate (AMCFAR) and multi-frame post detection integration algorithm is proposed for effective real time automatic target detection of boat-generated acoustic signals, in which, an observation space is created by sampling and dividing input analog acoustic signal into multiple frames and each frame is transformed into the frequency domain. In the created observation space, a Median Constant False Alarm Rate (MCFAR) and post detection integration algorithms have been proposed for an effective automatic target detection of boat generated acoustic signals, in which a low constant false alarm rate is kept with relative high detection rate. The proposed algorithm has been tested on several real acoustic signals from hydrophone sensors, and statistical analysis and experimental results showed it able to provide a very low false alarm rate and a relatively high detection rate in all cases.
Chiang, F 1970, 'Implementing an autonomic service activation paradigm through market-based design mechanisms', 2005 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS (INDIN), 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), IEEE, Perth, AUSTRALIA, pp. 802-807.
Chiang, F, Braun, R, Huang, ZX, Magrath, S & Markovits, S 1970, 'Autonomic service configuration for telecommunication MASs with extended role-based GAIA and JADEx', 2005 International Conference on Services Systems and Services Management, Vols 1 and 2, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Services Systems and Services Management, IEEE, ChongQing, China, pp. 1319-1324.
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Autonomie Communications have attracted huge attention recently for the management of telecommunication networks in the European Network Research Community. The purpose of this research is to offer the abilities such as autonomy, scalability, adaptation as well as simplicity for management application in complex networks. The accomplished networks inspired by biological mechanisms or market-based concepts could enable agents to be of intelligence, scalablility, and interoperabliliry in the management functional domains with regards to the large volume requirements from services' fulfillment perspective in decentralized Multi-Agent Systems. In accordance with TMF and FIPA specifications and requirements, the autonomy attributes self-configuring, self-adapting, self-limiting, self-preserving, and self-optimizing are involved into our simulation. Resource allocation requests are bidded for a long session in the multi-unit Vickrey-Clarke-Groves auction. This design adopts the software development methodology-GAIA and the framework-JADEx. We have shown multiple service configuration in dynamic network can be nearly optimized by autonomie behaviors via bidding according to business objectives for getting maximum revenues. We conclude this end-to-end approach maintains self-managing capability, easy-to-implement scalability, and more incentively compatible and efficient over other common implementation so that it could achieve the optimal solution to the flexible requirements for the Service Fulfillment for advanced IP networks. © 2005 IEEE.
Chiang, F, Braun, RM & Hughes, JM 1970, 'A Biologically-Inspired Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomic Service Management', Seventh Annual International Working Conference on Active and Programmable Networks, Seventh Annual Internationl Working Conference on Active and Programmable Networks, IEEE, Nice, France, pp. 1-6.
Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic visual recognition of face and body action units', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Vol 1, Proceedings, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 668-673.
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Expressive face and body gestures are among the main non-verbal communication channels in human-human interaction. Understanding human emotions through these nonverbal means is one of the necessary skills both for humans and also for the computers to int
Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Fusing face and body display for bi-modal emotion recognition: Single frame analysis and multi-frame post integration', AFFECTIVE COMPUTING AND INTELLIGENT INTERACTION, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent, Springer, Beijing, China, pp. 102-111.
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This paper presents an approach to automatic visual emotion recognition from two modalities: expressive face and body gesture. Face and body movements are captured simultaneously using two separate cameras. For each face and body image sequence single expressive frames are selected manually for analysis and recognition of emotions. Firstly, individual classifiers are trained from individual modalities for mono-modal emotion recognition. Secondly, we fuse facial expression and affective body gesture information at the feature and at the decision-level. In the experiments performed, the emotion classification using the two modalities achieved a better recognition accuracy outperforming the classification using the individual facial modality. We further extend the affect analysis into a whole image sequence by a multi-frame post integration approach over the single frame recognition results. In our experiments, the post integration based on the fusion of face and body has shown to be more accurate than the post integration based on the facial modality only.
Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & IEEE 1970, 'Affect recognition from face and body: Early fusion vs. late fusion', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Hawaii, USA, pp. 3437-3443.
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This paper presents an approach to automatic visual emotion recognition from two modalities: face and body. Firstly, individual classifiers are trained from individual modalities. Secondly, we fuse facial expression and affective body gesture information first at a feature-level, in which the data from both modalities are combined before classification, and later at a decision-level, in which we integrate the outputs of the monomodal systems by the use of suitable criteria. We then evaluate these two fusion approaches, in terms of performance over monomodal emotion recognition based on facial expression modality only. In the experiments performed the emotion classification using the two modalities achieved a better recognition accuracy outperforming the classification using the individual facial modality. Moreover, fusion at the feature-level proved better recognition than fusion at the decision-level.
Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & IEEE 1970, 'Fusing face and body gesture for machine recognition of emotions', 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), International workshop on Robot and Human Interaction communication, IEEE, Nashville, USA, pp. 306-311.
He, S, Jia, W, Lin, Q & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Detection of Heart Movement Manner Based on Hexagonal Image Structure', Proceedings of the First International Conference on Medical Imaging and Telemedicine, Middlesex University Press, Wuyi Mountain, P. R. China, pp. 28-31.
He, S, Wang, H, Wu, Q & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Contractive IFS for fractal image compression on spiral architecture', Proceedings of 2005 Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, IEEE, Hong Kong, China, pp. 171-176.
He, X, Hintz, T, Wu, Q & Zheng, L 1970, 'Number recognition using inductive learning on spiral architecture', Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Computer Vision, VISION'05, International conference in computer vision, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 58-62.
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In this paper, a number recognition algorithm on Spiral Architecture is proposed. This algorithm employs RULES-3 inductive learning method and template matching technique. The algorithm starts from a collection of samples of numbers or letters used in number plates. Edge maps of the samples are then detected based on Spiral Architecture. A set of rules are extracted using these samples by RULES-3. The rules describe the frequencies of 9 different edge masks appearing in the samples. Each mask is a cluster of 7 hexagonal pixels. In order to recognize a number plate, all characters (digits or letters) are tested one by one using the extracted rules. The number recognition is achieved by the frequencies of the 9 masks.
Jian Zhang, Abhayapala, TD & Kennedy, RA 1970, 'Role of Pulses in Ultra Wideband Systems', 2005 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 565-570.
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Jian Zhang, Kennedy, RA & Abhayapala, TD 1970, 'Performance and parameter optimization of UWB RAKE reception with interchip interference', IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 2830-2834.
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In this paper, performance and parameter optimization of RAKE reception for time-hopping Ultra Wideband (TH-UWB) systems is investigated when interchip interference (ICI) is taken into consideration. For a TH-UWB system, ICI is closely related to the relationship between the number of chips in a frame (Nc), and the period of the TH code (Nf). In a fixed data-rate case, larger Nf implies higher transmitted symbol signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and larger ICI in RAKE fingers. So there is a tradeoff between Nc and Nf to optimize the RAKE performance. In this paper, two models are suggested to describe the ICI, and this tradeoff is investigated in the single user case based on the traditional Gaussian approximation method and other flexible methods. Given the lack of explicit knowledge of the relationship among Nf, Nc and the interference, a rule of thumb is proposed to configure Nf and Nc. © 2005 IEEE.
Liberati, NB, Platen, E, Martini, F & Piccardi, M 1970, 'A multi-point distributed random variable accelerator for Monte Carlo simulation in finance', 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, Proceedings, International Conference on Intelligent Systems Designs and Applications, IEEE, Wroclaw, Poland, pp. 532-537.
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The pricing and hedging of complex derivative securities via Monte Carlo simulations of stochastic differential equations constitutes an intensive computational task. To achieve 'real time' execution, as often required by financial institutions, one needs highly efficient implementations of the multi-point distributed random variables underlying the simulations. In this paper a fast and flexible dedicated hardware solution is proposed. A comparative performance analysis demonstrates that the hardware solution is bottleneck-free and flexible, and significantly increases the computational efficiency of the software solution. © 2005 IEEE.
Liberati, NB, Platen, E, Martini, F & Piccardi, M 1970, 'An FPGA generator for multipoint distributed random variables (abstract only)', Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays, FPGA05: ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays 2005, ACM, p. 280.
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Multi-point distributed random variables whose moments match those of a Gaussian random variable up to a certain order play an important role in Monte Carlo simulations of weak approximations of stochastic differential equations. In applications such as finance, where "real time" execution is required, there is a strong need for highly efficient implementations. In this paper a fast and flexible dedicated hardware solution on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented. A comparative performance analysis between a software-only and the proposed hardware solution demonstrates that the FPGA solution is bottleneck-free, retains the flexibility of the software solution and significantly increases the computational efficiency.
Liu, J, Li, SS, He, XJ & Wu, Q 1970, 'A study of fractal based watermarking for images', DCABES and ICPACE Joint Conference on Distributed Algorithms for Science and Engineering, Joint Meeting of the International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science/International Conference on Parallel Algorithms and Computing Evironments, UNIV GREENWICH, SCH COMPUTING & MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, Univ Greenwich, Maritime Greenwich Campus, Greenwich, ENGLAND, pp. 127-130.
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In this paper, we will provide a study on Fractal based watermarking techniques available today. Fractal is a technique that makes use of the similarity of the natural phenomena of irregular shapes. Only in recent years it has been used in image coding a
Lu, S, Zhang, J & Feng, D 1970, 'Classification of Moving Humans Using Eigen-Features and Support Vector Machines', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, CAIP 2005, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Versailles, pp. 522-529.
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This paper describes a method of categorizing the moving objects using eigen-features and support vector machines. Eigen-features, generally used in face recognition and static image classification, are applied to classify the moving objects detected fro
Machiraju, S, Veitch, D, Baccelli, F, Nucci, A & Bolot, JC 1970, 'Theory and practice of cross-traffic estimation', ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), ACM, pp. 400-401.
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Active probing heuristics are usually based on queuing systems. However, a rigorous probabilistic treatment of probing methods has been lacking. For instance, it is not known even in principle, what can and cannot be measured in general, nor the true limitations of existing methods. We provide a probabilistic treatment for the measurement of cross traffic in the 1-hop case. We derive inversion formulae for the cross traffic process, and explain their fundamental limits, using an intuitive geometric framework.
Machiraju, S, Veitch, D, Baccelli, F, Nucci, A & Bolot, JC 1970, 'Theory and practice of cross-traffic estimation', ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, ACM, pp. 400-401.
Madden, CS & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Height measurement as a session-based biometric for people matching across disjoint camera views', Proceedings Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2005, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Wickliffe Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 282-286.
Magrath, S & Braun, RM 1970, 'Scalable Policy Enforcement and PBNM Benchmarking', IFIP/IEEE IM 2005, France, IEEE, Nice, France.
Magrath, S, Chiang, R, Markovits, S, Braun, R, Cuervo, F & IEEE 1970, 'Autonomics in telecommunications service activation', ISADS 2005: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems,Proceedings, International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS 2005), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 731-737.
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The motivation for this paper is to extend the state of the art in distributed autonomics praxis as applied to telecommunications network management. We describe how the task assignment problem, common in telecommunications service activation workflow pr
Markovits, S & Braun, R 1970, 'Leveraging an information model for user centric service fulfilment & assurance', APNOMS 2005 - 8th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium :Toward Managed Ubiquitous Information Society, Proceedings, 8th Asia Pacific Network and Operations Management Symposium, IEEE, Okinawa, Japan, pp. 622-623.
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This paper asserts that the implementation of fulfilment and assurance within Telecommunications management with a strong reference to an Information Model (IM) progresses and allows for the advantages of an integrated approach to service delivery. We assert that if the fulfillment process follows and is compliant to an IM based process then other processes such as within assurance can leverage the IM for effectiveness by utilizing the information from fulfillment time to assist in efficiently implementing the assurance side.
Markovits, S, Braun, R & IEEE 1970, 'SLA: A PBNM supported Information Model', 7th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Vols 1 and 2, Proceedings, 7th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, IEEE, Phoenix Pk, South Korea, pp. 871-876.
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An Information Model continues to be a fundamental constituent in understanding complex environments. The TMFs eTOM is a complete business process oriented view of a senice provider and the SID is being positioned as the information model. It is claimed that the use of an extended and expanded version of Policy Based Management can automate many of the processes. This paper examines how PBNM, eTOM and SID can be combined to achieve an automated SLA monitoring service. It maps the assurance (monitoring) portion of the SLA process onto the TMF SID inlormation model detail@ the used SLA entities and policy rules involved.
Markovits, S, Lam, M & Braun, R 1970, 'Information modeling of trouble: A service provider view', ConTEL 2005: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Telecommunications, Vols 1 and 2, IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications, IEEE, Zagreb, Croatia, pp. 471-478.
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This paper focuses on providing an information model view of the Trouble component of the assurance domain. This is derived using an understanding of the TMF eTOM processes and the associated SID Information Model through its application to the Trouble processes. We begin by examining existing standards and adapt and/or derive entities which are used within these processes and develop some entities which are undefined or unavailable currently in the SID definitions. We describe an implementation that leverages the use of the SID information model principles to enhance Trouble assurance.
Martini, F, Piccardi, M, Liberati, NB, Platen, E & IEEE 1970, 'A hardware generator for multi-point distributed random variables', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Computer Society Press, Kobe, Japan, pp. 1702-1705.
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In Monte Carlo simulation of weak approximation of stochastic differential equations, multi-point distributed random variables play an important role. However, they need highly efficient implementations to meet the 'real-time' requirements of applications such as the pricing of complex derivative securities. In this paper a fast and fexible dedicated hardware generator of multi-point distributed random variables on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented. A comparative performance analysis demonstrates that the hardware solution is bottleneck-free, retains the fexibility of a traditional software implementation and significantly increases the computational fficiency of the overall simulation. © 2005 IEEE.
Mathew, R, Yu, Z & Zhang, J 1970, 'Detecting New Stable Objects In Surveillance Video', 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Shanghai, pp. 0-0.
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We describe a novel method to detect new stable objects in video. This includes detecting new objects that appear in a scene and remain stationary for a period of time. Examples include detecting a dropped bag or a parked car. Our method utilizes the sta
Min Xu, Liang-Tien Chia & Jin, J 1970, 'Affective Content Analysis in Comedy and Horror Videos by Audio Emotional Event Detection', 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, pp. 622-625.
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We study the problem of affective content analysis. In this paper -we think of affective contents as those video/audio segments, which may cause an audience's strong reactions or special emotional experiences, such as laughing or fear. Those emotional factors are related to the users' attention, evaluation, and memories of the content The modeling of affective effects depends on the video genres. In this work, we focus on comedy and horror films to extract the affective content by detecting a set of so-called audio emotional events (AEE) such as laughing, horror sounds, etc. Those AEE can be modeled by various audio processing techniques, and they can directly reflect an audience's emotion. We use the AEE as a clue to locate corresponding video segments. Domain knowledge is more or less employed at this stage. Our experimental dataset consists of 40-minutes comedy video and 40-minutes horror film. An average recall and precision of above 90% is achieved. It is shown that, in addition to rich visual information, an appropriate usage of special audios is an effective way to assist affective content analysis. © 2005 IEEE.
Mittra, R, Ziolkowski, RW, Bird, TS, Chan, CH, Chang, DC, Eom, HJ, Fang, DG, Hall, PS, Hirasawa, K, Hisamatsu, N, Ito, K, Itoh, T, Kildal, PS, Luk, KM, Soon, YT, Seng, LM, Vardaxoglou, Y, Wong, KL & Zhang, WX 1970, 'Message from the international advisory committee chair', IWAT 2005. IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005., IWAT 2005. IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005., IEEE, p. 4.
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Piccardi, M & Cheng, ED 1970, 'Track matching over disjoint camera views based on an incremental major color spectrum histogram', Proceedings. IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2005., IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2005., IEEE, Como, Itlay, pp. 147-152.
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Matching tracks from a single individual across disjoint camera views is a challenging task in video surveillance. In this paper, a Major Color Spectrum Histogram representation (MCSHR) is introduced to represent a moving object by using a normalized distance between two points in the RGB space. Then, an incremental MCSHR is proposed to cope with small pose changes and segmentation errors occurring along the track. Finally, a similarity measurement algorithm is proposed based on the incremental MCSHR to measure the similarity of any two tracked moving objects. The proposed similarity measurement algorithm proved capable of measuring the similarity of the two moving objects accurately. Experimental results show that with three to five frames integration, the proposed incremental MCSHR algorithm can make matching more robust and reliable than single-frame matching, especially for small pose changes. The matching performance is not obviously improved instead when the number of integration is more than five. The similarity of a same moving object in two different tracks has been improved from 92% to 95% with the integration number increased from three to five, while two different moving objects have been easily discriminated. The proposed algorithm can be used to match tracks from single individuals in camera networks which do not provide full coverage of the monitored space. © 2005 IEEE.
Qiang Wu, Xiangjian He & Hintz, T 1970, 'Bi-Lateral Filtering Based Edge Detection on Hexagonal Architecture', Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005., (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005., IEEE.
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Edge detection plays an important role in image processing area but is still an open problem. This paper presents a novel edge detection method based on bi-lateral filtering which achieves better performance than single Gaussian filtering. In this form of filtering, both spatial closeness and intensity similarity of pixels are considered in order to preserve important visual cues provided by edges and reduce the sharpness of transitions in intensity values as well. In addition, the edge detection method proposed in this paper is achieved on hexagonally sampled images. Due to the compact and circular nature of the hexagonal lattice, a better quality edge map is obtained on hexagonal architecture than common edge detection on square architecture. Experimental results using our proposed method in this paper exhibit encouraging performance. © 2005 IEEE.
Schmidhammer, E, Heinze, H, Woelky, M, Schmiedgen, M, Henn, G, Braun, R & Metzger, T 1970, 'Baw components for PCS-CDMA applications', IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005., IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005., IEEE, Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS, pp. 89-92.
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Soliman, R, Braun, R & Simoff, S 1970, 'The essential ingredients of collaboration', Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, 2005., Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, 2005., IEEE, St. Louis, USA, pp. 366-373.
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We propose there are eight essential ingredients for collaboration, regardless of any underlying technology - including face-to-face environments. These ingredients are: two or more people; shared space; time; a common objective; focus on the objective; common language; knowledge in the area of the objective; and interaction. These ingredients are useful for identifying aspects for improvement in both collaboration technology and human collaboration processes. Based on these essential ingredients glimpses of future technology can be seen. © 2005 IEEE.
Wang, H, Wang, M, Hintz, T, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'Fractal image compression on a pseudo Spiral Architecture', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computer Science Conference, ACM, Newcastle, Aust, pp. 201-208.
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Fractal image compression is a relatively recent image compression method which exploits similarities in different parts of the image. The basic idea is to represent an image by fractals and each of which is the fixed point of an Iterated Function System (IFS). Therefore, an input image can be represented by a series of IFS codes rather than pixels. In this way, an impressive compression ratio 10000:1 can be achieved. The application of fractal image compression presented in this paper is based on a novel image structure, Spiral Architecture, which has hexagonal instead of square pixels as the basic element. In the paper evidence would suggest that introducing Spiral Architecture into fractal image compression will improve the compression performance in compression ratio with little suffering in image quality. There are also much research could be done in this area to further improve the results. Copyright © 2005, Australian Computer Society, Inc.
Wenjing Jia, Huaifeng Zhang & Xiangjian He 1970, 'Mean Shift for Accurate Number Plate Detection', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 732-737.
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This paper presents a robust method for number plate detection, where mean shift segmentation is used to segment color vehicle images into candidate regions. Three features are extracted in order to decide whether a candidate region contains a number plate, namely, rectangularity, aspect ratio, and edge density. Then, the Mahalanobis classifier is used with respect to the above three features to detect number plate regions accurately. The experimental results show that our algorithm produces high robustness and accuracy. © 2005 IEEE.
Wenjing Jia, Huaifeng Zhang, Xiangjian He & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Mean shift for accurate license plate localization', Proceedings. 2005 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005., 2005 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005., IEEE, Vienna, Austria, pp. 566-571.
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This paper presents a region-based algorithm for accurate license plate localization, where mean shift is utilized to filter and segment color vehicle images into candidate regions. Three features are extracted in order to decide whether a candidate region represents a real license plate, namely, rectangularity, aspect ratio, and edge density. Then, the Mahalanobis classifier is used with respect to above three features to classify license plate regions and non-license plate regions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produces high robustness and accuracy. © 2005 IEEE.
Wu, Q, He, S & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Bi-lateral filtering based edge detection on hexagonal architecture', 2005 IEEE International Conference On Acoustics, Speech, And Signal Processing, Vols 1-5 - Speech Processing, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp. 11713-11716.
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Edge detection plays an important role in image processing area but is still an open problem. This paper presents a novel edge detection method based on bi-lateral filtering which achieves better performance than single Gaussian filtering. In this form of filtering, both spatial closeness and intensity similarity of pixels are considered in order to preserve important visual cues provided by edges and reduce the sharpness of transitions in intensity values as well. In addition, the edge detection method proposed in this paper is achieved on hexagonally sampled images. Due to the compact and circular nature of the hexagonal lattice, a better quality edge map is obtained on hexagonal architecture than common edge detection on square architecture. Experimental results using our proposed method in this paper exhibit encouraging performance.
Xiangjian He & Wenjing Jia 1970, 'Hexagonal Structure for Intelligent Vision', 2005 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, 2005 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, IEEE, Karachi, Pakistan, pp. 52-64.
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Using hexagonal grids to represent digital images have been studied for more than 40 years. Increased processing capabilities of graphic devices and recent improvements in CCD technology have made hexagonal sampling attractive for practical applications and brought new interests on this topic. The hexagonal structure is considered to be preferable to the rectangular structure due to its higher sampling efficiency, consistent connectivity and higher angular resolution and is even proved to be superior to square structure in many applications. Since there is no mature hardware for hexagonal-based image capture and display, square to hexagonal image conversion has to be done before hexagonal-based image processing. Although hexagonal image representation and storage has not yet come to a standard, experiments based on existing hexagonal coordinate systems have never ceased. In this paper, we firstly introduced general reasons that hexagonally sampled images are chosen for research. Then, typical hexagonal coordinates and addressing schemes, as well as hexagonal based image processing and applications, are fully reviewed. © 2005 IEEE.
Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Simple implementations of mutually orthogonal complementary sets of sequences', 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2005 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Chung Chi Coll, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 369-372.
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Ye, T, Veitch, D, Iannaccone, G & Bhattacharyya, S 1970, 'Divide and conquer: PC-based packet trace replay at OC-48 speeds', Proceddings - First International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, Tridentcom 2005, IEEE, pp. 262-271.
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Today's Internet backbone networking devices need to be tested under realistic traffic conditions at transmission rates of OC-48 and above. While commercially available synthetic traffic generators are capable of keeping up with high transmission rates, they fail to produce realistic mixes of flow, packet and address arrival patterns. We explore the alternative of replaying real packet traces from high-speed links using multiple commodity PCs equipped with lower-speed network interfaces. Such an approach is inherently cost-effective because of the use of commodity hardware, and can scale up to any desired transmission rate. We first examine how to split a trace among multiple PCs for the purpose of replaying, and validate our technique using simulations. We use a wavelet 'spectrum' or energy plot for this purpose which enables traffic processes to be viewed simultaneously on many time-scales. Then we present an implementation using Linux PCs with gigabit Ethernet interfaces to replay OC-48 packet traces from the Sprint backbone. Our results show that the replayed trace is very similar to the original trace at most time scales. We are also able to pinpoint the specific system components that contributed to the replay inaccuracy, as well as identify several important challenges that remain to be explored in-depth.
Zhang, H, Jia, W, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'Modified Color Ratio Gradient', 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2005 IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 317-320.
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Color ratio gradient is an efficient method used for color image retrieval and object recognition, which is shown to be illumination-independent and geometry-insensitive when tested on scenery images. However, color ratio gradient produces unsatisfied matching result while dealing with relatively uniform objects without rich color texture. In addition, performance of color ratio gradient degenerates while processing unsaturated color image objects. In this paper, a scheme with modified color ratio gradient is presented, which addresses the two problems above. Experimental results using the proposed method in this paper exhibit more robust performance.