Cao, LB & Dai, RW 2001, 'Information system of metasynthetic wisdom-Internet', Moshi Shibie yu Rengong Zhineng/Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 1.
Chen, CZ, Wang, XB, Chen, DF, Li, G, Ronnenberg, A, Watanabe, H, Wang, XR, Ryan, L, Christiani, DC & Xu, XP 2001, 'Tofu consumption and blood lead levels in young Chinese adults', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 153, no. 12, pp. 1206-1212.
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Tofu is a commonly consumed food in China. Tofu may interfere with lead absorption and retention because of its high calcium content. In this observational study, the authors examined whether dietary tofu intake was associated with blood lead levels among young adults in Shenyang, China. The analyses included 605 men and 550 women who completed baseline questionnaires and had blood lead measurements taken in 1996-1998 as part of a prospective cohort study on reproductive health. Mean blood lead levels were 13.2 μg/dl in men and 10.1 μg/dl in women. Blood lead levels were negatively associated with tofu intake in both genders. A linear trend test showed a 3.7% (0.5-μg/dl) decrease in blood lead level with each higher category of tofu intake (p = 0.003). The highest tofu intake group (≥750 g/week) had blood lead levels 11.3% lower (95% confidence interval: 4.1, 18.0) than those of the lowest tofu intake group (<250 g/week). In all regression models, data were adjusted for gender, age, height, body mass index, district, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, education, occupation, use of vitamin supplements, season, and dietary intake of meat, fish, vegetables, eggs, and milk. In conclusion, the authors found a significant inverse dose-response relation between tofu consumption and blood lead levels in this Chinese population.
Cho, SI, Damokosh, AI, Ryan, LM, Chen, DF, Hu, YA, Smith, TJ, Christiani, DC & Xu, XP 2001, 'Effects of exposure to organic solvents an menstrual cycle length', JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 567-575.
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To investigate the association between organic solvent exposure and menstrual disturbance, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 1408 petrochemical workers in China. Based on an industrial hygiene evaluation, we classified the workshops according to
Cho, SI, Goldman, MB, Ryan, LM, Chen, C, Damokosh, AI, Christiani, DC, Lasley, BL, O'Connor, JF, Wilcox, AJ & Xu, X 2001, 'Use of a urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) biomarker to detect early pregnancy loss.', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 153, no. 11, pp. S160-S160.
Cook, RJ, Brumback, BB, Wigg, MB & Ryan, LM 2001, 'Synthesis of evidence from epidemiological studies with interval-censored exposure due to grouping', BIOMETRICS, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 671-680.
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We describe a method for assessing dose-response effects from a series of case-control and cohort studies in which the exposure information is interval censored. The interval censoring of the exposure variable is dealt with through the use of retrospective models in which the exposure is treated as a multinomial response and disease status as a binary covariate. Polychotomous logistic regression models are adopted in which the dose-response relationship between exposure and disease may be modeled in a discrete or continuous fashion. Partial conditioning is possible to eliminate some of the nuisance parameters. The methods are applied to the motivating study of the relationship between chorionic villus sampling and the occurrence of terminal transverse limb reduction.
Corcoran, C, Ryan, L, Senchaudhuri, P, Mehta, C, Patel, N & Molenberghs, G 2001, 'An exact trend test for correlated binary data', BIOMETRICS, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 941-948.
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The problem of testing a dose-response relationship in the presence of exchangeably correlated binary data has been addressed using a variety of models. Most commonly used approaches are derived from likelihood or generalized estimating equations and rely on large-sample theory to justify their inferences. However, while earlier work has determined that these methods may perform poorly for small or sparse samples, there are few alternatives available to those faced with such data. We propose an exact trend test for exchangeably correlated binary data when groups of correlated observations are ordered. This exact approach is based on an exponential model derived by Molenberghs and Ryan (1999) and Ryan and Molenberghs (1999) and provides natural analogues to Fisher's exact test and the binomial trend test when the data are correlated. We use a graphical method with which one can efficiently compute the exact tail distribution and apply the test to two examples.
Coull, BA, Hobert, JP, Ryan, LM & Holmes, LB 2001, 'Crossed random effect models for multiple outcomes in a study of teratogenesis', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 96, no. 456, pp. 1194-1204.
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Human teratogens often manifest themselves through a broad spectrum of adverse effects. Although often not serious when considered individually, such outcomes taken together may represent a syndrome that can lead to serious developmental problems. Accordingly, studies that investigate the effect of human teratogens on fetal development typically record the presence or absence of a multitude of abnormalities, resulting in the data of multivariate binary form for each infant. Such studies typically have three objectives: (1) estimate an overall effect of exposure across outcomes, (2) identify subjects having the syndrome, and (3) identify those outcomes that constitute the syndrome so that doctors know what to look for when diagnosing the syndrome in other exposed newborns. This article proposes the use of a logistic regression model with crossed random effect structure to address all three questions simultaneously. We use the proposed models to analyze data from a study investigating the effects of in utero antiepileptic drug exposure on fetal development. © 2001, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Cucchiara, R, Mello, P, Piccardi, M & Riguzzi, F 2001, 'An application of machine learning and statistics to defect detection', Intelligent Data Analysis, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 151-164.
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French, J, Chen, C, Ryan, L, Wang, X & Xu, X 2001, 'Bayesian method for handling missing hCG data in the detection of early fetal loss.', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 153, no. 11, pp. S143-S143.
Holmes, LB, Harvey, EA, Coull, BA, Huntington, KB, Khoshbin, S, Hayes, AM & Ryan, LM 2001, 'The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs.', NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 344, no. 15, pp. 1132-1138.
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Background: The frequency of major malformations, growth retardation, and hypoplasia of the mid-face and fingers, known as anticonvulsant embryopathy, is increased in infants exposed to anticonvulsant drugs in utero. However, whether the abnormalities are caused by the maternal epilepsy itself or by exposure to anticonvulsant drugs is not known. Methods: We screened 128,049 pregnant women at delivery to identify three groups of infants: those exposed to anticonvulsant drugs, those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs but with a maternal history of seizures, and those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs with no maternal history of seizures (control group). The infants were examined systematically for the presence of major malformations, signs of hypoplasia of the midface and fingers, microcephaly, and small body size. Results: The combined frequency of anticonvulsant embryopathy was higher in 223 infants exposed to one anticonvulsant drug than in 508 control infants (20.6 percent vs, 8.5 percent; odds ratio, 2.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 9.7). The frequency was also higher in 93 infants exposed to two or more anticonvulsant drugs than in the controls (28.0 percent vs. 8.5 percent; odds ratio, 4.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.1). The 98 infants whose mothers had a history of epilepsy but took no anticonvulsant drugs during the pregnancy did not have a higher frequency of those abnormalities than the control infants. Conclusions: A distinctive pattern of physical abnormalities in infants of mothers with epilepsy is associated with the use of anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancy, rather than with epilepsy itself. Copyright © 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society.
Kennedy, PJ & Osborn, T 2001, 'A Model of Gene Expression and Regulation in an Artificial Cellular Organism', Complex Systems, vol. 13, no. 1.
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Gene expression and regulation may be viewed as a parallel parsing algorithm---translation from a genomic language to a phenotype. We describe a model of gene expression and regulation based on the operon model of Jacob and Monod. Operons are groups of genes regulated in the same way. An artificial cellular metabolism expresses operons encoded on a genome in a parallel genomic language. This is accomplished using an abstract entity called a spider. A genetic algorithm is used to evolve the simulated cells to adapt to a simple environment. Genomes are subjected to recombination, mutation, and inversion operators. Observations from this experiment suggest four areas to explore: dynamic environments for the evolution of regulation, advantages of time lags inherent in the expression algorithm, sensitivity of our genomic language, and noncoding regions on the genome. Issues relating to the application of the expression model to evolutionary computation are discussed.
Korrick, SA, Chen, CZ, Damokosh, AI, Ni, JT, Liu, X, Cho, SI, Altshul, L, Ryan, L & Xu, XP 2001, 'Association of DDT with spontaneous abortion: A case-control study', ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 491-496.
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PURPOSE: Spontaneous abortion (SAB), the most common adverse pregnancy outcome, affects ∼15% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Except for advanced maternal age and smoking, there are not well-established risk factors for SAB. Animal models associate increased fetal resorption or abortion with exposure to the pesticide dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), but epidemiologic investigations of DDT and SAB are inconsistent. We undertook a pilot investigation of the hypothesized association of DDT with SAB. METHODS: Participants in this case-control study were selected from a longitudinal study of reproductive effects of rotating shifts among female Chinese textile workers who were married, ages 22-34, nulliparous without history of SAB or infertility, and planning pregnancy. From 412 pregnancies, 42 of which ended in SAB, 15 SAB cases and 15 full-term controls were randomly selected and phlebotomized. Serum was analyzed for p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, their metabolites (DDE and DDD), and other organochlorines including polychlorinated biphenyls. RESULTS: Cases and controls were nonsmokers and did not differ in age (mean 25 years), body mass index (BMI), passive smoke exposure, or workplace exposures. Cases had significantly (p < 0.05) higher serum levels of p,p′-DDE (22 vs.12 ng/g) and o,p′-DDE (0.09 vs. 0.05 ng/g) than controls. After adjustment for age and BMI, each ng/g serum increase in p,p′-DDE was associated with a 1.13 (CI, 1.02-1.26) increased odds of SAB. With adjustment of serum DDE levels for excretion via breastfeeding, DDE-associated increased odds of SAB remained significant with up to 7% declines in maternal serum DDE levels for each month of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: A potential increased risk of SAB is associated with maternal serum DDE levels. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Ku, CH, Ryan, L & Christiani, D 2001, 'An application of a Poisson model with GEE adjustments for assessment of occupational exposure to fungi', EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. S59-S59.
Ku, CH, Ryan, L & Christiani, D 2001, 'Skin test reactivity to fungi and dust mites and serum IgE concentrations in an occupational cohort', EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. S58-S58.
Levy, JI, Houseman, EA, Spengler, JD, Loh, P & Ryan, L 2001, 'Fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration patterns in Roxbury, Massachusetts: A community-based GIS analysis', ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 341-347.
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Given an elevated prevalence of respiratory disease and density of pollution sources, residents of Roxbury, Massachusetts, have been interested in better understanding their exposures to air pollution. To determine whether local transportation sources contribute significantly to exposures, we conducted a community-based pilot investigation to measure concentrations of fine particulate matter (particulate matter < 2.5 μm; PM2.5) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Roxbury in the summer of 1999. Community members carried portable monitors on the streets in a 1-mile radius around a large bus terminal to create a geographic information system (GIS) map of concentrations and gathered data on site characteristics that could predict ambient concentrations. Both PM2.5 and PAH concentrations were greater during morning rush hours and on weekdays. In linear mixed-effects regressions controlling for temporal autocorrelation, PAH concentrations were significantly higher with closer proximity to the bus terminal (p < 0.05), and both pollutants were elevated, but not statistically significantly so, on bus routes. Regressions on a subset of measurements for which detailed site characteristics were gathered showed higher concentrations of both pollutants on roads reported to have heavy bus traffic. Although a more comprehensive monitoring protocol would be needed to develop robust predictive functions for air pollution, our study demonstrates that pollution patterns in an urban area can be characterized with limited monitoring equipment and that university-community partnerships can yield relevant exposure information.
Levy, JI, Houseman, EA, Spengler, JD, Loh, P & Ryan, L 2001, 'Fine Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration Patterns in Roxbury, Massachusetts: A Community-Based GIS Analysis', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 341-341.
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Luo, X, Zhang, C & Leung, H-F 2001, 'Information sharing between heterogeneous uncertain reasoning models in a multi-agent environment: a case study', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 27-59.
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Mello, P, Milano, M, Gavanelli, M, Lamma, E, Piccardi, M & Cucchiara, R 2001, 'From eager to lazy constrained data acquisition: A general framework', New Generation Computing, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 339-367.
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O'Dwyer, PJ, Manola, J, Valone, FH, Ryan, LM, Hines, JD, Wadler, S, Haller, DG, Arbuck, SG, Weiner, LM, Mayer, RJ & Benson, AB 2001, 'Fluorouracil modulation in colorectal cancer: Lack of improvement with N-phosphonoacetyl-l-aspartic acid or oral leucovorin or interferon, but enhanced therapeutic index with weekly 24-hour infusion schedule - An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/Cancer and Leukemia Group B study', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2413-2421.
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Purpose: To investigate mechanism-directed regimens in maximizing the efficacy of fluorouracil (5-FU) in advanced colorected cancer. Patients and Methods: Based on promising phase II data, a randomized comparison of various methods for the biochemical mo
Parise, H, Dinse, GE & Ryan, LM 2001, 'Flexible estimates of tumour incidence for intermediately lethal tumours in a typical long-term animal bioassay', JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS, vol. 50, no. NA, pp. 171-185.
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The estimation of the incidence of tumours in an animal carcinogenicity study is complicated by the occult nature of the tumours involved (i.e. tumours are not observable before an animal's death). Also, the lethality of tumours is generally unknown, making the tumour incidence function non-identifiable without interim sacrifices, cause-of-death data or modelling assumptions. Although Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival are typically displayed, obtaining analogous plots for tumour incidence generally requires fairly elaborate model fitting. We present a case-study of tetrafluoroethylene to illustrate a simple method for estimating the incidence of tumours as a function of more easily estimable components. One of the components, tumour prevalence, is modelled by using a generalized additive model, which leads to estimates that are more flexible than those derived under the usual parametric models. A multiplicative assumption for tumour lethality allows for the incorporation of concomitant information, such as the size of tumours. Our approach requires only terminal sacrifice data although additional sacrifice data are easily accommodated. Simulations are used to illustrate the estimator proposed and to evaluate its properties. The method also yields a simple summary measure of tumour lethality, which can be helpful in interpreting the results of a study.
Parise, H, Wand, MP, Ruppert, D & Ryan, L 2001, 'Incorporation of historical controls using semiparametric mixed models', JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 31-42.
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Scott, LJ, Warram, JH, Hanna, LS, Laffel, LMB, Ryan, L & Krolewski, AS 2001, 'A nonlinear effect of hyperglycemia and current cigarette smoking are major determinants of the onset of microalbuminuria in type I diabetes', DIABETES, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 2842-2849.
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Cigarette smoking and poor glycemic control are risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. However, the specifics of the relation of these risk factors to the onset of this complication have not been elucidated. To investigate these issues, we followed for 4 years 943 Joslin Clinic patients aged 15-44 years with type 1 diabetes who had normoalbuminuria during the 2-year baseline period. Microalbuminuria developed in 109 of the 943 individuals, giving an incidence rate of 3.3/100 person-years. The risk of onset of microalbuminuria was predicted somewhat more precisely by the measurements during the 1st and 2nd years preceding onset than by all the measurements during the longer (4-year) interval, suggesting attenuation of the impact of past hyperglycemia over time. Point estimates of the incidence rate (per 100 person-years) according to quartiles of HbA1c during the 1st and 2nd years preceding the outcome were 1.3 in the 1st, 1.5 in the 2nd, 3.1 in the 3rd, and 6.9 in the 4th (P = 1.3 × 10-9). Point estimates of the incidence rate (per 100 person-years) according to smoking status were 7.9 for current smokers, 1.8 for past smokers, and 2.2 for those who had never smoked (P = 2.0 × 10-7). In a multiple logistic model, the independent effects of HbA1c level and cigarette smoking remained highly significant, but their magnitudes were reduced. Using the same covariates in a generalized additive model, we examined the shape of the relationship between HbA1c and onset of microalbuminuria and found significant nonlinearity in the logarithm of odds scale (P = 0.04). The slope was steeper with HbA1c >8% than <8%. Furthermore, the change in the slope was magnified among current smokers. In conclusion, patients with type 1 diabetes who smoke and have an HbA1c >8% have the highest risk of onset of microalbuminuria.
Wang, X, Chen, C, French, J, Cho, SI, Liu, X, Ryan, L, Christiani, D, O'Connor, J, Lasley, B, Wilcox, A & Xu, X 2001, 'Time to pregnancy, subclinical conception, and early fetal loss: A population-based prospective study.', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 153, no. 11, pp. S159-S159.
Wang, XB, Zuckerman, B, Kaufman, G, Wise, P, Hill, M, Niu, TH, Ryan, L, Wu, D & Xu, XP 2001, 'Molecular epidemiology of preterm delivery: methodology and challenges', PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 15, pp. 63-77.
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Cucchiara, R, Crana, C, Piccardi, M, Prati, A & Sirotti, S 1970, 'Improving shadow suppression in moving object detection with HSV color information', ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585), 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings, IEEE, Oakland, CA, USA, pp. 334-339.
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Cucchiara, R, Grana, C, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 1970, 'Detecting objects, shadows and ghosts in video streams by exploiting color and motion information', Proceedings 11th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP 2001. 11th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, Palermo, Italy, pp. 360-365.
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Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 1970, 'Temporal analysis of cache prefetching strategies for multimedia applications', Conference Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37210), 2001 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 311-318.
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He, XJ, Wu, Q & Hintz, T 1970, 'Spiral object recognition on clusters', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGING SCIENCE, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS I AND II, International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST 2001), C S R E A PRESS, LAS VEGAS, NV, pp. 605-611.
Kennedy, PJ & Osborn, T 1970, 'A double-stranded Encoding Scheme with inversion operator for Genetic Algorithms', Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, USA, pp. 398-407.
Li, J, Ramamohanarao, K & Dong, G 1970, 'Combining the Strength of Pattern Frequency and Distance for Classification', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 455-466.
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Supervised classification involves many heuristics, including the ideas of decision tree, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), pattern frequency, neural network, and Bayesian rule, to base induction algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new instance-based induction algorithm which combines the strength of pattern frequency and distance. We define a neighbourhood of a test instance. If the neighbourhood contains training data, we use k-NN to make decisions. Otherwise, we examine the support (frequency) of certain types of subsets of the test instance, and calculate support summations for prediction. This scheme is intended to deal with outliers: when no training data is near to a test instance, then the distance measure is not a proper predictor for classification. We present an effective method to choose an "optimal" neighbourhood factor for a given data set by using a guidance from a partial training data. In this work, we find that our algorithm maintains (sometimes exceeds) the outstanding accuracy of k-NN on data sets containing pure continuous attributes, and that our algorithm greatly improves the accuracy of k-NN on data sets containing a mixture of continuous and categorical attributes. In general, our method is much superior to C5.0.
Morales, KH, Ibrahim, JG, Ryan, LM & Chen, CJ 1970, 'Bayesian model averaging with applications to the risk assessment for arsenic in drinking water', ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS IV, 4th International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, Elsevier Science Bv, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 145-151.
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Model selection often presents a challenge in the risk assessment process, especially when biologically based models are not apparent or fully developed. In a recent dose-response assessment for arsenic in drinking water, risk estimates were found to hig
Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Application of the Evolutionary Algorithms for Classifier Selection in Multiple Classifier Systems with Majority Voting', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 399-408.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001. In many pattern recognition tasks, an approach based on combining classifiers has shown a significant potential gain in comparison to the performance of an individual best classifier. This improvement turned out to be subject to a sufficient level of diversity exhibited among classifiers, which in general can be assumed as a selective property of classifier subsets. Given a large number of classifiers, an intelligent classifier selection process becomes a crucial issue of multiple classifier system design. In this paper, we have investigated three evolutionary optimization methods for the classifier selection task. Based on our previous studies of various diversity measures and their correlation with majority voting error we have adopted majority voting performance computed for the validation set directly as a fitness function guiding the search. To prevent from training data overfitting we extracted a population of best unique classifier combinations, and used them for second stage majority voting. In this work we intend to show empirically, that using efficient evolutionary-based selection leads to the results comparable to absolutely best, found exhaustively. Moreover, as we showed for selected datasets, introducing a second stage combining by majority voting has the potential for both, further improvement of the recognition rate and increase of the reliability of combined outputs.
Shichao Zhang & Chengqi Zhang 1970, 'Estimating itemsets of interest by sampling', 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. (Cat. No.01CH37297), 10th Annual IEEE Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 131-134.
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Stoianoff, NP 1970, 'Medical Use of Genetic Technology: Developing the Foundation of a New Regulatory Regime', Legal and Medical Services in the Age of the Internet, Eighth Greek/Australian International Legal and Medical Conference, Eighth Greek/Australian International Legal and Medical Conference, Corfu, pp. 23-36.
Su, K, Luo, X, Wang, H, Zhang, C, Zhang, S & Chen, Q 1970, 'A Logical Framework for Knowledge Sharing in Multi-agent Systems', COMPUTING AND COMBINATORICS, 7th Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, GUILIN, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 561-570.
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Wu, Q, Hintz, TB & He, S 1970, 'Image Edge Detection in a Mimre Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of The 9th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision 2001, International Conferences in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, University of West Bohemia, Plzen, Czech Republic, pp. 320-327.
Xiangjian He, Hintz, T & Qiang Wu 1970, 'A skeleton algorithm on clusters for image edge detection', Proceedings 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IPDPS 2001, IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1359-1364.
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© 2001 IEEE. Image edge detection in computer vision and image processing is a process which detects one kind of significant feature in an image that appears as large delta values in intensities. In this paper, a parallel algorithmic skeleton for edge detection is proposed based on the Spiral Architecture and the Gaussian multi-scale theory. UNIX-based network programming mechanisms in C are used for the implementation on a cluster of Sun-workstations. Our work provides an efficient algorithm for edge detection and is robust to noise.
Zhang, C & Zhang, S 1970, 'Collecting Quality Data for Database Mining', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 593-604.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001. Data collecting is necessary to some organizations such as nuclear power plants and earthquake bureaus, which have very small databases. Traditional data collecting is to obtain necessary data from internal and external data-sources and join all data together to create a homogeneous huge database. Because collected data may be untrusty, it can disguise really useful patterns in data. In this paper, breaking away traditional data collecting mode that deals with internal and external data equally, we argue that the first step for utilizing external data is to identify quality data in data-sources for given mining tasks. Pre- and post-analysis techniques are thus advocated for generating quality data.
Zhang, C, Zhang, Z & San, OS 1970, 'An Agent-Based Soft Computing Society', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 661-668.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001. Soft computing (SC) techniques such as fuzzy logic (FL), neural networks (NN), and genetic algorithms (GA) are complemen- tary. Each SC technique has particular computational properties that make them suited for particular problems and not for others. Thus, in solving complex, real-world problems, we need to incorporate some SC techniques into the application systems to increase the systems' “intel- ligence". In this paper, we first propose an agent-based framework for integrating SC techniques into practical application systems. We then discuss the design and implementation of a platform independent soft computing support environment based on the framework. We call such an environment agent-based soft computing society. Such a society can fa- cilitate the design of truly robust, exible and adaptive hybrid intelligent systems.
Zhang, S & Zhang, C 1970, 'Mining small databases by collecting knowledge', Proceedings Seventh International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications DASFAA 2001 DASFAA-01, Proceedings Seventh International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications. DASFAA 2001, IEEE, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 154-155.
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Zhang, S & Zhang, C 1970, 'Pattern Discovery in Probabilistic Databases', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 619-630.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001. Modeling probabilistic data is one of important issues in databases due to the fact that data is often uncertainty in real-world applications. So, it is necessary to identify potentially useful patterns in probabilistic databases. Because probabilistic data in 1NF relations is redundant, previous mining techniques don’t work well on probabilistic databases. For this reason, this paper proposes a new model for mining probabilistic databases. A partition is thus developed for preprocessing probabilistic data in a probabilistic databases. We evaluated the proposed technique, and the experimental results demonstrate that our approach is effective and efficient.
Zhang, Z & Zhang, C 1970, 'Reasoning with Multimedia Information Using Symbolic Projection', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 643-654.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001. In many multimedia application systems, it is not the final goal to retrieve the relevant multimedia information from different multimedia information sources. Rather, post-processing of the retrieved multimedia information is needed. For example, the retrieved information is used as “known facts”. The systems will do some reasoning to obtain further conclusions based on these multimedia form “known facts”. We call this reasoning with multimedia information. Most current research work in multimedia information processing is focused on multimedia information retrieval, but post-processing the retrieved information is more or less ignored. This paper explores the way to tackle this problem by using symbolic projection. A case study of reasoning with still image information is presented. Some extensions to symbolic projection– introducing auxiliary pictorial objects in symbolic pictures that need to be processed–are discussed. We expect this paper will stimulate further research on this important but ignored topic.
