Bishop, DW, Thomas, PS, Ray, AS & Simon, P 2001, 'Two-stage kinetic model for the alpha-beta phase recrystallisation in nickel sulphide', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 201-210.
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Toughened glass panels used as a glazing material in multistorey buildings are known to fracture prematurely when they contain nickel sulfide inclusions as a result of the phase recrystallisation in nickel sulfide. The kinetics of this recrystallisation were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The recrystallisation was observed to be a two-step process with an induction period followed by the phase change. A two-stage kinetic model was used to estimate the recrystallisation time under ambient conditions. These values were found to correlate well with the observed time to failure for glass panels installed in multistorey buildings.
Blunden, B & Indraratna, B 2001, 'Pyrite Oxidation Model for Assessing Ground-Water Management Strategies in Acid Sulfate Soils', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 146-157.
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François, R, Castel, A, Otsuki, N, Miyazato, SI, Diola, NB & Suzuki, H 2001, 'Influences of bending crack and water-cement ratio on chloride-induced corrosion of main reinforcing bars and stirrups. Paper by Nobuaki Otsuki, Shin-Ichi Miyazato, Nathaniel B. Diola, and Hirotaka Suzuki', ACI Materials Journal, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 276-278.
Hagare, P, Thiruvenkatachari, R & Ngo, H 2001, 'A feasibility study of using haematite to remove dissolved organic carbon in water treatment', Separation Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2547-2560.
Hagare, P, Thiruvenkatachari, R & Ngo, HH 2001, 'A feasibility study of using hematite to remove dissolved organic carbon in water treatment', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 2547-2559.
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Hao, H & Wu, C 2001, 'Scaled-Distance Relationships For Chamber Blast Accidents in Underground Storage of Explosives', Fragblast, vol. 5, no. 1-2, pp. 57-90.
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Common approaches in practice to predict underground explosion-induced stress wave intensity are based on some empirical formulae. Those empirical formulae were obtained by different researchers based on their testing data at various sites. They can predict the peak particle velocities (PPV) and / or peak particle accelerations (PPA) of propagating stress wave at various locations. They usually include the effect of explosion loading density in terms of a decoupling factor, but do not take into consideration the effects of other explosion conditions, such as the charge chamber geometry, explosive location and distribution. In this paper, a previously calibrated numerical model is used to perform parametric calculations to investigate the effects of underground explosion conditions on stress wave propagation and damage at a granite site. Based on the numerical results, some formulae, which include the effects of various explosion conditions, are derived to predict peak particle acceleration (PPA), peak particle velocity (PPV) and principal frequency of stress wave in the granite mass. The proposed formulae are also compared with the empirical formulae obtained from blasting tests conducted at the site under consideration.
Hossain, NB & Stewart, MG 2001, 'Probabilistic Models of Damaging Deflections for Floor Elements', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 135-140.
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In this paper a number of serviceability issues related mainly to excessive deflections of structural floor elements (beams and slabs) are discussed. Field data of serviceability damage caused by excessive deflections of structural floor elements have been collected from various sources and probabilistic models are developed. Current serviceability specifications for allowable deflection limits in Australian, U.S., and other concrete structure codes have been compared against these probabilistic distributions of damaging deflections. Preliminary results confirm that allowable deflection limits in these design codes represent realistic lower-bound values of damaging deflections.
Indraratna, B & Ranjith, PG 2001, 'Laboratory Measurement of Two-Phase Flow Parameters in Rock Joints Based on High Pressure Triaxial Testing', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 127, no. 6, pp. 530-542.
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Indraratna, B, Aziz, NI & Dey, A 2001, 'Behaviour of joints containing clay infill under constant normal stiffness, with and without bolting', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 149, no. 4, pp. 259-267.
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The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material was studied under the constant normal stiffness condition. More than 40 sawtooth-shaped samples having an asperity angle of 18·5° were tested. The shear behaviour of bolted and non-bolted joints containing infill material, up to 7·5 mm in thickness, was studied under various initial normal stress levels between 0·13 and 3·25 MPa, at a constant strain rate of 0·5 mm/min and a constant stiffness of 8·5 kN/mm. Significant reduction in shear strength was observed when the joint contained a layer of clay infill of 1·5 mm. Bolting contributed to increasing the strength and stiffness of the joint composite, except at large normal stress levels and at high infill thickness. The dilation and overall friction angle for bolted and non-bolted joints were also compared along with stress profiles. At high infill thickness, the shear behaviour under both constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions was found to be similar for both bolted and non-bolted joints, while at low infill thickness the CNL strength envelope plotted significantly above the CNS envelope.
Indraratna, B, Tularam, GA & Blunden, B 2001, 'Reducing the impact of acid sulphate soils at a site in Shoalhaven Floodplain of New South Wales, Australia', Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 333-346.
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Oxidation of sulphide minerals in acid sulphate soils has acidified a substantial part of the low-lying coastal land in Australia. Such sulphides, including pyrite (FeS 2 ) formed thousands of years ago during saline inundation of soils rich in iron. They do not pose a serious concern when submerged by the water table, because this prevents atmospheric oxygen reacting with the pyritic layer. However, flood protection of low-lying coastal land through the installation of deep surface drains has caused a general lowering of the water table elevation, that in turn has exposed the pyritic layers to atmospheric oxygen. High rainfall following droughts causes acid pollution of the surrounding flood mitigation drains, creeks and river systems. Large ground areas are affected by the transport of acid constituents during seepage. One way of controlling new acid production is through the installation of weirs in the flood mitigation drains in order to raise the water table elevation. In this paper, the acid pollution in New South Wales is reviewed, and the effect of groundwater elevation is examined. Relationship between acid production and groundwater table is examined. Mathematical models are developed to simulate acid production and transport, and two groundwater management regimes are examined. Weir based control of the groundwater table is shown to be successful in controlling acid production.
Khor, EH, Rosowsky, DV & Stewart, MG 2001, 'Probabilistic analysis of time-dependent deflections of RC flexural members', Computers & Structures, vol. 79, no. 16, pp. 1461-1472.
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This paper presents a procedure for the probabilistic analysis of time-dependent deflection of a reinforced concrete flexural member subject to a time-varying load process. Particular consideration is given to simply supported, singly reinforced rectangular beams. The algorithm takes into account concrete maturation, nonlinear creep and shrinkage behavior, and stochastic load process models for both construction and service. While this paper describes some practical implications of early-age effects (i.e., high early-age construction loads on immature concrete) for serviceability design, the emphasis of this paper is on the probabilistic time-dependent deflection analysis technique. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Kim, SH, Bidkar, A, Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S & Moon, H 2001, 'Adsorption and mass transfer characteristics of metsulfuron-methyl on activated carbon', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 163-169.
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Law, SS, Chan, THT, Zhu, QX & Zeng, QH 2001, 'Regularization in Moving Force Identification', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 136-148.
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Locke, M, Indraratna, B & Adikari, G 2001, 'Time-Dependent Particle Transport through Granular Filters', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 127, no. 6, pp. 521-529.
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Loganathan, P, Hedley, MJ, Wallace, GC & Roberts, AHC 2001, 'Fluoride accumulation in pasture forages and soils following long-term applications of phosphorus fertilisers', ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 275-282.
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Ingestion of soils with high flouride (F) concentration may cause chronic flourosis in grazing animals. Analysis of New Zealand pasture solis with long-term phosphorus (P) fertilisation histories showed that the total surface soil (0-75 mm depth) F concentration increased up to 217-454 mg kg-1 with P fertiliser application. One-third to two-thirds of F applied in fertilisers resides in the top 75 mm soil depth. Pasture forage accumulation of F was low, and therefore, F intake by grazing animals through pasture consumption is expected to be much lower than F intake by soil ingestion. Ten annual applications of single superphosphate (30 and 60 kg P ha-1 year-1) to a Palllic Soil (Aeric Fragiaqualf) significantly increased total F and labile F (0.01 M CaCl2 extract) concentrations to 200 and 120 mm depths, respectively, of the 300 mm depth investigated. The mobility of F in the soil profile was similar to two other elements, P and cadmium derived fom the fertiliser. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Luk, KC, Ball, JE & Sharma, A 2001, 'An application of artificial neural networks for rainfall forecasting', MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING, vol. 33, no. 6-7, pp. 683-693.
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Mahlia, TMI, Abdulmuin, MZ, Alamsyah, TMI & Mukhlishien, D 2001, 'An alternative energy source from palm wastes industry for Malaysia and Indonesia', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 42, no. 18, pp. 2109-2118.
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Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Choudhury, IA & Saidur, R 2001, 'Potential CO2 reduction by implementing energy efficiency standard for room air conditioner in Malaysia', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 1673-1685.
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Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Maleque, MA, Kubo, A & Nonaka, T 2001, 'Performance, emissions and wear characteristics of an indirect injection diesel engine using coconut oil blended fuel', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, vol. 215, no. 3, pp. 393-404.
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Dynamometer tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance, emissions and wear characteristics of an indirect injection diesel engine when fuelled by 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 per cent blends of ordinary coconut oil (COCO) with ordinary diesel fuel (OD). The test was conducted for 100 h using each of the test fuels to monitor the effect of COCO blends on the wear and lubricating oil performance. OD fuel was also used for comparison purposes. The operating performance of the engine and the emission characteristics of exhaust gases were compared. The effect of blended fuel on the engin's wear and lubrication characteristics in terms of wear metal (Fe), water concentration, oxidation, viscosity, total base number and additive depletion was analysed. The performance and emissions characteristics results showed that 10-30 per cent coconut oil blends produced slightly higher performance in terms of brake power than OD. All the COCO blends produced lower exhaust emissions including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulate matter. The wear and lubrication oil characteristics results showed that COCO blends up to 30 per cent produced similar results to OD. This programme will give useful information for further research and development in the future if COCO is used as an alternative to OD.
Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI & Choudhury, IA 2001, 'Potential electricity savings by implementing minimum energy efficiency standards for room air conditioners in Malaysia', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 439-450.
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Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R, Choudhury, IA, Mahlia, TMI, Ghani, AK & Maleque, MA 2001, 'The applicability of ISO household refrigerator–freezer energy test specifications in Malaysia', Energy, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 723-737.
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Rosowsky, DV & Stewart, MG 2001, 'Probabilistic Construction Load Model for Multistory Reinforced-Concrete Buildings', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 145-152.
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This paper develops a probabilistic construction load process model for multistory reinforced-concrete building construction. This model considers loads causing peak structural actions on floor slabs for two widely used shoring procedures and includes probability distributions and temporal characteristics of slab self-weight, sustained construction live loads, 'material stacking' loads, and 'move-in' loads. Construction load statistics derived from Monte Carlo simulation show that the mean of maximum construction loads exceeds nominal (design) service (occupancy) loads whenever the nominal live-to-dead load ratio is less than approximately 1.0. A Type I extreme value distribution provided the best fit to the inferred distributions of construction live loads.
Stewart, MG 2001, 'Effect of Construction and Service Loads on Reliability of Existing RC Buildings', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 127, no. 10, pp. 1232-1235.
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For existing structures, information about 'safe' past performance (such as prior load history) may be used to update the probability distribution of resistance and hence reliability. This technical note investigates the effect of realistic construction loading with sustained dead and live loads and extraordinary live loads on time-dependent probabilities of failure. Structural configurations considered include RC floor beams and slabs designed to ACI 318, for various live-to-dead load ratios and construction periods for typical RC multistory buildings. The results show, for example, that the probability of failure for an existing structure after 5-10 years of occupancy is one or more orders of magnitude lower than that prior to the application of construction loads. This suggests that, if a structure survives construction and early service (occupancy) loads, then its reliability is increased significantly. Finally, for cases where prior service live loads are unknown, the inclusion of construction dead loads alone will still lead to significant increases in structural reliability.
Stewart, MG 2001, 'Reliability-based assessment of ageing bridges using risk ranking and life cycle cost decision analyses', Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 263-273.
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Information about present and anticipated bridge reliabilities, in conjunction with decision models, provides a rational and powerful decision-making tool for the structural assessment of bridges. For assessment purposes, an updated reliability (after an inspection) may be used for comparative or relative risk purposes. This may include the prioritisation of risk management measures (risk ranking) for inspection, maintenance, repair or replacement. A life-cycle cost analysis may also be used to quantify the expected cost of a decision. The present paper will present a broad overview of the concepts, methodology and immediate applications of risk-based assessments of bridges. In particular, two practical applications of reliability-based bridge assessment are considered - risk ranking and life-cycle cost analysis. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Stewart, MG, Rosowsky, DV & Val, DV 2001, 'Reliability-based bridge assessment using risk-ranking decision analysis', Structural Safety, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 397-405.
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Information about present and anticipated bridge reliabilities can be used in conjunction with decision models to provide a rational decision-making tool for the assessment of bridges and other structural systems. The present paper presents a broad overview of reliability-based assessment methods and will then focus on decision-making applications using updated time-dependent estimates of bridge reliabilities considering a risk-ranking decision analysis. A practical application of reliability-based safety assessment is illustrated herein which relates the effects of bridge age, current and future (increasing) traffic volume and loads, and deterioration on the reliability and safety of ageing RC bridges. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thomas, P & Stuart, BH 2001, 'Not all plastics last forever: conserving plastics in museums', Chemistry in Australia, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 8-10.
Thomas, PS, Guerbois, J-P, Russell, GF & Briscoe, BJ 2001, 'FTIR study of the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol)', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 501-508.
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The degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) was investigated using TG analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the effect of atmosphere on the process of degradation. In the spectra, four vibrational modes were identified that characterised the major steps of the degradation process. These were the O-H, C-H, C=O and C=C stretching modes. The mechanism observed for degradation in an inert atmosphere was in accordance with the accepted mechanism of elimination followed by pyrolisation. Evidence of conjugated polyenes, however, was not observed. For the air atmosphere, oxidation in both steps of the degradation process was observed.
Wu, C, Hao, H, Zhao, J & Zhou, YX 2001, 'Statistical Analysis of Anisotropic Damage of the Bukit Timah Granite', Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 23-38.
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Zhao, L & Wu, C 2001, 'Central limit theorem for integrated square error of kernel estimators of spherical density', Science in China Series A: Mathematics, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 474-483.
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Let X1, ⋯, Xn be iid observations of a random variable X with probability density function f(x) on the q-dimensional unit sphere Ωq in in Rq+1, q ≥ 1. Let fn (x) = n-1 c(h) ∑ni = 1 K[(1 -x′ Xi)/h2] be a kernel estimator of f(x). In this paper we establish a central limit theorem for integrated square error of fn under some mild conditions.
Zhou, JL, Maskaoui, K, Qiu, YW, Hong, HS & Wang, ZD 2001, 'Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and organochlorine insecticides in the water column and sediments of Daya Bay, China', Environmental Pollution, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 373-384.
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Samples of sub-surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments collected from Daya Bay, China have been analysed for 12 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 18 organochlorine insecticides, using gas chromatography electron capture detection. Total PCB levels varied from 91.1 to 1355.3 ng l-1 in water and from 0.85 to 27.37 ng g-1 dry weight in sediments. The levels of total organochlorine insecticides were in the range 143.3-5104.8 ng l-1 in water and 2.43-86.25 ng g-1 dry weight in sediment. None of the target compounds were detected in SPM. The levels of total hexachlorocyclohexanes in water varied from 35.5 to 1228.6 ng l-1, whilst in sediments they ranged from 0.32 to 4.16 ng g-1 dry weight. For the sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), their levels were in the range 26.8-975.9 ng l-1 in water, and 0.14-20.27 ng g-1 dry weight in sediments. The distribution profiles of these contaminants in water and sediments suggest that there are a number of sources contributing to total contaminant burden in the bay, including soil runoffs, wastewater discharges, sewage outfalls and shipping activities. Ratios of DDT/(DDE+DDD) in the water and sediments indicate recent inputs of such chemicals into the bay. The results, therefore, provide important information on the current contamination status of a key aquacultural area in China, and point to the need for urgent actions to stop the use of persistent agrochemicals such as DDT and lindane. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Zhou, JL, Salvador, SM, Liu, YP & Sequeira, M 2001, 'Heavy metals in the tissues of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded on the Portuguese coast', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 273, no. 1-3, pp. 61-76.
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The concentrations of Hg, Sn, Cr, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Mn, Fe and Cu were determined in the liver, kidney and muscle of 24 common dolphins stranded on the Portuguese coast between 1995 and 1998. Nitric acid was used to extract the metals from the tissues for analysis by inductively-coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES). Those metals with relatively higher concentrations included Fe, Zn and Hg, particularly in liver. Other metals including Cr, Ni and Cd tended to show much lower levels, or were even undetected (e.g. Co). Different metals seemed to show different temporal trends, although due to substantial variations of the mean concentrations for each year obtained, such temporal pattern has to be studied further. Total Hg concentration in the kidney, muscle and particularly liver, were higher in females than in males. Total Hg concentrations in all the organs increased with body length of dolphins, whilst those of Zn and Cu in muscle decreased with dolphin length. A strong correlation was found between essential metals Zn and Cu in muscle, possibly resulting from sequestration of these metals by metallothionein. In addition, significant co-associations existed between the same metal (e.g. Hg, Sn and Zn) in different organs. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2001, 'Identification of Moving Loads on an Orthotropic Plate', Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 238-244.
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A method is presented to identify indirectly loads moving on an orthotropic plate. The loads are in a group of two forces or four forces. The dynamic behavior of the plate under the action of these moving loads is analyzed. A method to identify these moving forces from the dynamic responses of the plate is developed basing on the modal superposition principle, and Tikhonov regularization procedure is applied to provide bounds to the solution in the time domain. Prior knowledge on the modal properties of the plate and the velocity of loads is required. The errors in the identified individual loads are discussed. The effect of different combinations of measuring locations on the identification is studied. Numerical results show that acceleration responses would give better and acceptable results than strain measurements.
ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 2001, 'ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION IN MOVING LOADS IDENTIFICATION ON A MULTI-SPAN BRIDGE', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 245, no. 2, pp. 329-345.
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ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 2001, 'PRECISE TIME-STEP INTEGRATION FOR THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A CONTINUOUS BEAM UNDER MOVING LOADS', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 240, no. 5, pp. 962-970.
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Zoysa, AKN, Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 2001, 'Comparison of the agronomic effectiveness of a phosphate rock and triple superphosphate as phosphate fertilisers for tea (Camellia sinensis L.) on a strongly acidic Ultisol', NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 95-105.
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Phosphorus deficiency is a major problem affecting tea production in the highly weathered acid soils of humid and sub-humid tropics which are known to have high P fixing capacities. As many of these soils are strongly acidic and receive high rainfall, low-cost phosphate rock (PR) may effectively supply the plant P needs and limited preliminary experiments suggest this is so. A long-term glasshouse trial was conducted on 8-month old tea seedlings to compare the agronomic effectiveness of a locally available PR (Eppawala phosphate rock, EPR) with triple superphosphate (TSP) applied to a strongly acidic (pH water 4.55) marginally P deficient Rhodustult from Sri Lanka at six rates ranging from 10 to 60 kg P ha-1. The results showed that TSP or EPR fertiliser at a rate as low as 10 or 20 kg P ha-1 was sufficient to obtain maximun tea yield. The agronomic effectiveness of EPR was equal to that of TSP at the 5- and 10-month samplings. The concentration of soil P extracted by a cation-anion exchange resin membrane (resin-P) was higher in the TSP treated soil at 5 months due to its greater solubility but at 10 months, the EPR produced higher resin-P due to its increased dissolution over time. In the presence of tea plants, 52% of P from the EPR applied at the rate of 10 kg ha-1, was dissolved at 5 months compared to 75% of dissolution at the 10-month sampling. In the absence of plants, the corresponding dissolution figures were 40% at 5 months and 55% at 10 months. The concentration of inorganic P extracted by 0.1 M NaOH (NaOH-Pi) (loosely characterising Fe + Al bound P) was significantly higher in the TSP treated soil and concentration of P extracted by 0.5 M H2SO4 (Ca bound P) was higher in the EPR treated soil. The results suggest that the low-cost, locally available EPR may be used profitably as a maintenace P fertiliser for tea plantations in moderately P deficient soils, which need to be confirmed by field studies.
Ball, JE 1970, 'Parameter Estimation for Urban Stormwater Models', Urban Drainage Modeling, Specialty Symposium on Urban Drainage Modeling at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 713-721.
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Current trends in catchment management and the desire of the community for an enhanced aquatic environment require information about the water environment within the catchment. This information may be obtained from environmental monitoring programs or from the application of catchment modelling systems. Where an assessment of the effects of potential changes to the management protocol is required, the application of a catchment modelling system is necessary. An important component of the implementation of a catchment modelling system is the definition of values for the system control parameters; these control parameters are the input data to the modelling system. Historically, many of these parameters have been assumed to have an average value across the catchment which has the effect of reducing variability and, hence, inhibits simulation of catchment processes influencing the quality of stormwater runoff. When these parameters are allowed to vary spatially, the number of parameters requiring calibration becomes excessive and, in general, the available data are insufficient to enable definition of a unique set of control parameter values. New developments in information technology, however, can be used to mitigate the problems associated with definition of spatially variable control parameters for catchment modelling systems. Presented in this paper are the results of a study investigating inference of the control parameters for an urban catchment modelling system using information stored in temporal and spatial databases. It will be shown that inference of parameters using this information improves the system performance.
Benítez, MF, Bakoss, S, Crews, K & Samali, B 1970, 'To develop new cost-effective procedures for testing the structural response of short/medium span bridge decks', IABSE Conference, Lahti 2001: Innovative Wooden Structures and Bridges, IABSE Conference, Lahti 2001: Innovative Wooden Structures and Bridges, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), Finland, pp. 257-262.
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Bishop, DP, Thomas, P, Ray, AS & Simon, P 1970, 'Crystallisation of nickel Sulphide by Non-isothermal Cooling', Proceedings of Challenges for Coordination Chemistry in the new Century, Challenges for Coordination Chemistry in the new Century, Slovak Technical University Press, Slovakia, pp. 397-402.
Brown, RR, Ryan, R & Ball, JE 1970, 'A Participative Planning Methodology: Urban Stormwater Quality Management at the Watershed', Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000, Watershed Management and Operations Management Conferences 2000, American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Contemporary Australian policy for 'stormwater quality planning', advocates best practice by adopting the principles of ecological sustainable development. The purpose of the policy is engendering community ownership and reducing stormwater contaminants at the source, reflecting the preventative paradigm. Research into the resultant plans has demonstrated that these best practice notions have not been fully realised. This is attributed to the both the policy framework and the planning rationale which demonstrate the characteristic limitations of a traditional top-down technical response to a social problem. A bottom-up citizen driven 'participative planning methodology' is offered. This methodology is an attempt to more fully realise the policy intent and address the complexities of communities' expectations and behaviours that impact water quality. The key activity is to reconceptualise the problem frame through enabling shared understandings of the causes and responses to stormwater. Copyright 2004 ASCE.
Castel, A, Francy, O, Franois, R & Arliguie, G 1970, 'Chloride diffusion in reinforced concrete beam under sustained loading', American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication, pp. 647-661.
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The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of mechanical loading on the transport properties of concrete. The test specimen (B I CL) used for chloride measurement, was a three-meter long reinforced beam kept in a loading state, in a confined salt fog (35 g/1 of NaCI) for fourteen years. Because of corrosion of reinforcement, the characterisation of mechanical loading was made on an other old beam (B 1 T) cast at the same time but stored in a nonaggressive environment. The measurement of tensile concrete strains using strain gauges showed two parts in the bottom of the beam: the first one is characterised by an elastic behaviour and the second one by non elastic one which is still controlled by the steel reinforcement. Total chloride profiles in relation to the depth were measured in different locations of the tensile zone of reinforced beam B I CL. Until 15 mm depth, the chloride content is constant and corresponds to the maximum chloride content available, taking into account both concrete porosity (where free chloride content corresponds to 35 g/1 of NaCI) and concrete binding capacity. Beyond 15 mm depth, total chloride profiles appear to be pure diffusion profiles allowing to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient by using a saturated model of chloride motion taking into account the non-linear binding capacity of concrete. The evolution of effective diffusion coefficient in the beam field (B I CL) is strongly correlated with the field of non elastic strains in concrete (BIT) and can increase up to 40% in the part of the beam where the non elastic damage is the more important.
Chuo, P, Ball, JE & Fisher, IH 1970, 'Thermal Stratification in Drinking Water Service Reservoirs', 6th Conference on Hydraulics in Civil Engineering: The State of Hydraulics; Proceedings, Conference on Hydraulics in Civil Engineering, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Hobart, Tasmania, pp. 159-167.
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Thermal stratification occurs in most natural water bodies, however, its occurrence in drinking water service reservoirs has not been thoroughly investigated in the past. In order to facilitate the use of a lumped model to simulate the mixing and water quality within reservoirs, temperature monitoring studies have been conducted in some reservoirs in Sydney. The results showed that thermal stratification developed in most reservoirs studied, and through the use of the JETLAG model, it has been concluded that stratification can significantly affect mixing in the reservoirs, and hence needs to be incorporated into any reservoir simulation models.
Crews, K 1970, 'An Overview of the Development of Stress Laminated Cellular Timber Bridge Decks for Short to Medium Span Applications in Australia', High Performance Materials in Bridges, High Performance Materials in Bridges, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Hawaii, USA, pp. 162-172.
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An overview of the development of stress laminated cellular timber bridge decks for short to medium span applications in Australia was presented. The testing program for both plate and cellular deck systems was based on 'full scale' laboratory testing, involving application of loads that modeled both the design serviceability and design ultimate conditions. The field performance of four prototype bridges utilizing the cellular deck system demonstrated the structural efficiency and cost effectiveness of the technology.
Crews, K 1970, 'Overview of developments and research in wooden structures in Australia and New Zealand', IABSE Conference, Lahti 2001: Innovative Wooden Structures and Bridges, IABSE Conference, Lahti 2001: Innovative Wooden Structures and Bridges, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), Lahti, FINLAND, pp. 19-32.
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Crews, KI 1970, 'Overview of development and resarch in wooden structure', Proceedings of IABSE Conference Lahti 2001 - Innovative woodened structures and Bridges, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineers, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Finland, pp. 19-32.
Ha, QP, Li, J, Hong, G & Samali, B 1970, 'Active structural control using dymanic output feedback sliding mode', Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Robotics and Automation ACRA'01, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Sydney, pp. 20-25.
Hao, H & Wu, C 1970, 'Numerical investigation of effects of underground chamber geometry and loading density on blasting-induced stress wave propagation in anisotropic rock mass', FRONTIERS OF ROCK MECHANICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY, ISRM International Symposium/2nd Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium (ISRM 2001-2nd ARMS), A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 381-384.
Indraratna, BN, Ranjith, PG, Price, JR & Gale, W 1970, 'A preliminary study of the relationship between two-phase flow (airwater) characteristics and fracture roughness', DC Rocks 2001 - 38th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics (USRMS), pp. 191-196.
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The study of hydromechanics has identified that surface roughness has an impact on the flow characteristics of single and two-phase fluids. Technical developments in the field of two-phase flow are of great importance for improving the understanding of underground inundation and gas outbursts, in order to reduce the risks to personnel. The paper describes recent advances in the understanding of two-phase (air-water) stratified flow. A new constitutive model is presented, based upon an extension of Darcy's Law and using the concept of relative permeability. The proposed model is verified by experimental results using 'state of the art' Two Phase High Pressure Triaxial Apparatus (TPHPTA). This study presents the results of laboratory testing that will enable the development of a relationship between roughness (Joint Roughness Coefficient, JRC) and the flow rate for steady state conditions.
Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Maleque, MA 1970, 'Gasoline engine operated on liquefied petroleum gas', ADVANCES IN MALAYSIAN ENERGY RESEARCH 2000, Seminar on Advances in Malaysian Energy Research 2000, INST TENAGA MALAYSIA, SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA, pp. 307-316.
Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 1970, 'Identification of moving loads on a rectangular orthotropic plate from strains', Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference - IMAC, 19th International Model Analysis Conference, SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC, KISSIMMEE, FL, pp. 158-164.
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A time domain method is presented to identify the moving loads on the bridge deck from measuring strains. The bridge deck is modelled as a rectangular orthotropic plate. The vehicle is modelled as two axle loads moving on the bridge deck. Like all inverse problems, the identification is an ill-posed problem, so a regularization technique is employed to stabilize the solution. This paper gives a demonstration on the robustness of the solution technique to the effects of measurement noise and in the identification of eccentric moving loads. Numerical examples show that the method is effective and practical for moving load identification.
