Buist, M, Bernard, S, Nguyen, TV, Moore, G & Anderson, J 2004, 'Association between clinically abnormal observations and subsequent in-hospital mortality: a prospective study', Resuscitation, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 137-141.
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Chang, KP, Center, JR, Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Incidence of Hip and Other Osteoporotic Fractures in Elderly Men and Women: Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 532-536.
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Abstract In this prospective 12-year study in men and women 60 years of age and older, there was a 4–6% per year reduction in the incidence rate of overall osteoporotic fractures, but the study was unable to exclude any change in the hip fracture incidence rate. Approximately one-half of hip fractures occurred before 80 years in men and two-thirds before 85 years in women. The age distribution of hip fractures underlines the need for earlier intervention in osteoporosis. Introduction: Although hip fracture is the major osteoporotic fracture in terms of health outcomes, quality of life, and costs, there is a paucity of long-term data on secular changes in men and women within a defined community. This long-term prospective population-based study over 12 years from 1989 to 2000 specifically examined the age distribution and secular changes in the incidence rates of hip and other osteoporotic fractures in men and women 60 years of age and older in a predominantly white population in Dubbo, Australia. Materials and Methods: Hip and all other clinical fractures were ascertained by reviewing all radiography reports from the two area radiology services, ensuring complete ascertainment of all clinical osteoporotic fractures. Results and Conclusion: Among the 1055 symptomatic atraumatic fractures (after excluding pathological fractures), there was a significant reduction in the overall fracture incidence rate in women (4% per year; p = 0.0003) and men (6% per year; p = 0.0004) over the 12 years. There were 229 hip fractures (175 in women and 54 in men) within 39,357 person-years of observation. The overall rate ± SE of hip fracture was 759 ± 57 per 100,000 person-years in women and 329 ± 45 per 100,000 person-years in men, with an exponential increase with age. With advancing age, the incidence rate of hip fractures in m...
Fisher, J, Hu, XQ, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Davies, C, Hatto, P, Bolton, J, Riley, M, Hardaker, C, Isaac, GH & Berry, G 2004, 'Wear of surface engineered metal-on-metal hip prostheses', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 225-235.
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Hutvágner, G, Simard, MJ, Mello, CC & Zamore, PD 2004, 'Sequence-Specific Inhibition of Small RNA Function', PLoS Biology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. e98-e98.
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Hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been identified from both plants and animals, yet little is known about their biochemical modes of action or biological functions. Here we report that 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotides can act as irreversible, stoichiometric inhibitors of small RNA function. We show that a 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide complementary to an siRNA can block mRNA cleavage in Drosophila embryo lysates and HeLa cell S100 extracts and in cultured human HeLa cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans, injection of the 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide complementary to the miRNA let-7 can induce a let-7 loss-of-function phenocopy. Using an immobilized 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide, we show that the C. elegans Argonaute proteins ALG-1 and ALG-2, which were previously implicated in let-7 function through genetic studies, are constituents of a let-7-containing protein-RNA complex. Thus, we demonstrate that 2′-O-methyl RNA oligonucleotides can provide an efficient and straightforward way to block small RNA function in vivo and furthermore can be used to identify small RNA-associated proteins that mediate RNA silencing pathways.
Khosroshahi, ME, Valanezhad, A & Tavakoli, J 2004, 'Evaluation of mid-IR laser radiation effect on 316L stainless steel corrosion resistance in physiological saline', Amirkabir Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 58 B, pp. 107-115.
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The effects of a short pulsed (∼ 400 ns) multiline hydrogen fluoride (HF) laser radiation operating on average at 2.8 μm has been studied on 316L stainless steel in terms of optical and physical parameters. At low fluences ≤ 8 Jcm -2 (phase I) no morphological changes occurred at the surface and melting began at ∼ 8.8 Jcm -2 (phase II) which continued up to about 30 Jcm -2. In this range the melting zone was effectively produced by high temperature surface centres growth which subsequently joined these centres together. Thermal ablation via surface vaporization began at ∼ 33 Jcm -2 (phase III). The results of SEM evaluation and corrosion resistance experiment which was carried out using EG&G device with cyclic potentiodynamic polarization method in a physiological (Hank's) solution indicated that pitting corrosion sensitivity was decreased ie. enhancement of corrosion resistance. Also, the XRD results showed a double increase of γ(111) at microstructure, thus in effect a superaustenite stainless steel was obtained at an optimized melting fluence.
Lee, DK, Lança, AJ, Cheng, R, Nguyen, T, Ji, XD, Gobeil, F, Chemtob, S, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2004, 'Agonist-independent Nuclear Localization of the Apelin, Angiotensin AT1, and Bradykinin B2 Receptors', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 9, pp. 7901-7908.
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Signaling of the apelin, angiotensin, and bradykinin peptides is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors related through structure and similarities of physiological function. We report nuclear expression as a characteristic of these receptors, including a nuclear localization for the apelin receptor in brain and cerebellum-derived D283 Med cells and the AT1 and bradykinin B2 receptors in HEK-293T cells. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the apelin receptor with localization in neuronal nuclei in cerebellum and hypothalamus, exhibiting expression in neuronal cytoplasm or in both nuclei and cytoplasm. Confocal microscopy of HEK-293T cells revealed the majority of transfected cells displayed constitutive nuclear localization of AT1 and B2 receptors, whereas apelin receptors did not show nuclear localization in these cells. The majority of apelin receptor-transfected cerebellum D283 Med cells showed receptor nuclear expression. Immunoblot analyses of subcellular-fractionated D283 Med cells demonstrated endogenous apelin receptor species in nuclear fractions. In addition, an identified nuclear localization signal motif in the third intracellular loop of the apelin receptor was disrupted by a substituted glutamine in place of lysine. This apelin receptor (K242Q) did not exhibit nuclear localization in D283 Med cells. These results demonstrate the following: (i) the apelin receptor exhibits nuclear localization in human brain; (ii) distinct cell-dependent mechanisms for the nuclear transport of apelin, AT 1, and B2 receptors; and (iii) the disruption of a nuclear localization signal sequence disrupts the nuclear translocation of the apelin receptor. This discovery of apelin, AT1, and B2 receptors with agonist-independent nuclear translocation suggests major unanticipated roles for these receptors in cell signaling and function.
Li, QF, Li, L, Liu, EB, Wang, J, Xu, XX & Wang, YB 2004, 'Study of reverse temper embrittlement NGS mechanism in steel 12CrlMoV', Harbin Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao Journal of Harbin Engineering University, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 451-456.
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According to the non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation kinetics curves of phosphorus in steel 12CrlMoV was found recently in an experimental investigation, a series of Charpy impact tests were performed on specimens at the segregation process, the critical time and the desegregation process. The DBTT values of different holding time specimens were measured. Experimental results show that overaging appears in this steel. That is, the degree of embrittlement increases first and then decreases with isothermal aging time. The reverse temper embrittlement non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation (NGS) mechanism was analyzed, and a reverse temper embrittlement NGS mechanism for steel 12CrlMoV was built, which proved a method for brittle fracture forecast and control of steel.
Livshits, G, Deng, H-W, Nguyen, TV, Yakovenko, K, Recker, RR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Genetics of Bone Mineral Density: Evidence for a Major Pleiotropic Effect From an Intercontinental Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 914-923.
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Abstract BMD is a primary predictor of osteoporotic fracture, and its genetic determination is still unclear. This study showed that the correlation between BMD at different skeletal sites is caused by an underlying genetic structure of common genetic effects. In addition to possible shared (pleiotropic) genetic and environmental effects, each of the BMD variables may also be determined by site-specific genetic factors. Introduction: BMD is a primary predictor of osteoporotic fracture and a key phenotype for the genetic study of osteoporosis. The interindividual variation in BMD measured at a given skeletal site is largely regulated by genetic factors. A strong phenotypic covariation exists for BMD at different skeletal sites. This study tests the hypothesis that the covariation is in fact caused by an underlying genetic structure of common genetic effects and that, in addition to possible shared (pleiotropic) genetic effects, each of the BMD variables may also be determined by site-specific genetic factors Materials and Methods: A bivariate complex segregation analysis as implemented in statistical package PAP was conducted to explore various models of pleiotropic genetic and environmental transmission in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, as well as in compact and spongious segments of hand phalanges. The BMD was obtained in three ethnically, culturally, and socially heterogeneous samples of white pedigrees, with 2549 individuals between 18 and 100 years of age, from Australia, Europe, and North America. Results and Conclusions: The genetic correlation between BMD measures ranged between 0.50 ± 0.09 and 0.79 ± 0.04 in the three samples. In each sample, the model incorporated a major locus pleiotropic effect, and residual correlation was found to be the most parsimonious model. Estimated parameters from the mod...
Nguyen, ND, Ahlborg, HG & Nguyen, TV 2004, 'Does hip strength measures account for the difference in hip fracture incidence between the Chinese and Caucasian populations?', Bone, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 998-999.
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Nguyen, TD, Nguyen, TA, Pham, MC, Piro, B, Normand, B & Takenouti, H 2004, 'Mechanism for protection of iron corrosion by an intrinsically electronic conducting polymer', Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 572, no. 2, pp. 225-234.
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NGUYEN, TT, TAYLOR, PWJ, REDDEN, RJ & FORD, R 2004, 'Genetic diversity estimates in Cicer using AFLP analysis', Plant Breeding, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 173-179.
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AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic variation among cultivated chickpea and wild Cicer relatives. In total, 214 marker loci were assessed, of which 211 were polymorphic (98.6%) across the 95 accessions that represented 17 species of Cicer. The genetic variation within a species was highest in C. pinnatifidum followed by C. reticulatum and lowest in C. macracanthum. Three main species groups were identified by UPGMA clustering using Nei's pair‐wise distance calculations. Group I included the cultivated species C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. Within this group, C. reticulatum accessions were clustered closest to the C. arietinum cultivars ‘Lasseter’, ‘Kaniva’ and ‘Bumper’, supporting the hypothesis that C. reticulatum is the most probable progenitor of the cultivated species. Cicer bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum were clustered together creating group II. Group III contained all nine perennial species assessed and two annual species C. yamashitae and C. cuneatum. The genetic distance detected between group I and group III (0.13) was equivalent to the genetic distance detected between group I and group II (the primary and annual tertiary species, respectively; 0.14). This indicated that the perennial tertiary species may be as valuable for increasing variation to incorporate novel germplasm in the cultigen as the annual tertiary species.
Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Bone mineral density-independent association of quantitative ultrasound measurements and fracture risk in women', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 942-947.
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Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Osteoporosis: underrated, underdiagnosed and undertreated', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 180, no. S5.
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Osteoporosis is: ■ Underrated Currently costs about $7 billion annually in Australia. Has high morbidity and 2-3-fold increase in risk of death after any major osteoporotic fracture. Genetic factors contribute highly to risk, modified by lifestyle and hormonal factors. ■ Underdiagnosed Bone density is a good predictor of subsequent risk. Anyone with a low-trauma fracture has osteoporosis unless proven otherwise. Every individual with a low trauma fracture should be investigated for exclusion of underlying osteoporosis and considered for effective treatment to reduce future fracture risk. More than 75% of women and about 90% of men with a high likelihood of osteoporosis are not investigated. ■ Undertreated More than 75% of those affected are not treated. Effective treatments (eg, hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modifiers and bisphosphonates) reduce fracture risk by 30%-60%. Simple measures like vitamin D and calcium supplementation and use of hip protectors can reduce hip fractures, particularly in institutionalised and housebound elderly people.
Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Limited utility of clinical indices for the prediction of symptomatic fracture risk in postmenopausal women', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 49-55.
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Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, ND, Pongchaiyakul, C & Nguyen, TV 2004, 'Development and validation of a new clinical risk index for prediction of osteoporosis in Thai women.', J Med Assoc Thai, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 910-916.
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The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new simple tool for identifying Thai women who are at high risk of having osteoporosis. A total of 322 women, aged > or = 45 years, were randomly divided into two cohorts: a development (n = 130) and a validation cohort (n = 192). Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were measured by LUNAR DPX-IQ densitometer. The prevalence of osteoporosis (defined by BMD T-scores < or = -2.5) was 33 per cent by either femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD. Khon Kaen Osteoporosis Study (KKOS), scoring based on age and weight was calculated and applied to the development cohort. Individuals with KKOS score < or = -1 were defined as 'high risk'; otherwise a 'low risk' was defined. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of KKOS was 70 and 73 per cent, respectively. Furthermore, if the high risk individuals identified by KKOS are to be treated, and if the treatment reduces fracture incidence by 50 per cent and assuming that treatment cost is 10 bahts per day, then the cost to prevent one fracture is estimated to be 466,695 bahts per year. These data suggest that although age and body weight can be used to identify Thai women who are at high risk of having osteoporosis, its application to the general population requires further research to arrive at the optimal cost-benefit for the community.
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Kosulwat, V, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Charoenkiatkul, S, Eisman, JA & Rajatanavin, R 2004, 'Effects of physical activity and dietary calcium intake on bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk in a rural Thai population', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 807-813.
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Tabiin, MT, White, CP, Morahan, G & Tuch, BE 2004, 'Insulin expressing hepatocytes not destroyed in transgenic NOD mice', Journal of Autoimmune Diseases, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-3.
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Abstract Background The liver has been suggested as a suitable target organ for gene therapy of Type 1 diabetes. However, the fundamental issue whether insulin-secreting hepatocytes in vivo will be destroyed by the autoimmune processes that kill pancreatic β cells has not been fully addressed. It is possible that the insulin secreting liver cells will be destroyed by the immune system because hepatocytes express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and exhibit constitutive Fas expression; moreover the liver has antigen presenting activity. Together with previous reports that proinsulin is a possible autoantigen in the development of Type 1 diabetes, the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing liver cells is a distinct possibility. Methods To address this question, transgenic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice which express insulin in the liver were made using the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter to drive the mouse insulin I gene (Ins). Results The liver cells were found to possess preproinsulin mRNA, translate (pro)insulin in vivo and release it when exposed to 100 nmol/l glucagon in vitro. The amount of insulin produced was however significantly lower than that produced by the pancreas. The transgenic PEPCK-Ins NOD mice became diabetic at 20–25 weeks of age, with blood glucose levels of 24.1 ± 1.7 mmol/l. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of liver sections from these transgenic NOD PEPCK-Ins mice revealed the absence of an infiltrate of immune cells, a feature tha...
Thakkinstian, A, D'Este, C, Eisman, J, Nguyen, T & Attia, J 2004, 'Meta-Analysis of Molecular Association Studies: Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and BMD as a Case Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 419-428.
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Abstract With the rise of molecular and genetic epidemiology, molecular association studies are increasingly common; however, meta-analysis of these studies has been a neglected area. This study performed a meta-analysis of the association of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and BMD. We also highlight methodological issues that need to be resolved. Introduction: With the rise of molecular and genetic epidemiology, molecular association studies are increasingly common; however, meta-analysis of these studies has been a neglected area. This study performed a meta-analysis of the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and BMD/osteoporosis and highlights methodological issues. Materials and Methods: Studies published from 1994 to 2001 were identified through Medline using PubMed software. The reference lists of the articles retrieved were also reviewed. Where eligible papers had insufficient information, we contacted authors by mail (up to three mailings) for additional information. Any observational study, which tested the association between VDR BsmI genotypes and either BMD or osteoporosis at the femoral neck or spine in adult women, was included in the review. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers (AT and JA) using a standardized data extraction form. Results: The B allele was significantly associated with BMD at the spine; it seemed to follow a recessive model, with the BB genotype having lower BMD than Bb/bb genotypes at baseline, which led to greater bone mineral loss over time. Highlighted methodological lessons included the need to check Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the importance of exploring heterogeneity, pooling data in a manner that is sensitive to genetic models, and avoiding multiple comparisons. Conclusion: With the pr...
Tran, N, Raponi, M, Dawes, IW & Arndt, GM 2004, 'Control of specific gene expression in mammalian cells by co‐expression of long complementary RNAs', FEBS Letters, vol. 573, no. 1-3, pp. 127-134.
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The use of long double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) for gene silencing in mammalian cells has generally been restricted to embryonic cell types and proposed to induce non‐specific effects on gene expression in differentiated cells. In this study, we report that foreign and endogenous gene expression can be regulated in immortalised human cell lines by co‐expression of long complementary RNAs with the potential to form dsRNA. The observed gene silencing effect was transferable to recipient control cells, occurred independently of cytoplasmic Dicer and produced an epi‐allelic series of clones suitable for gene function studies. This complementary RNA co‐expression approach permits the use of long complementary RNAs for regulating specific gene expression in mammalian cells.
Wong, PKK, Young, L, Vaile, JH, Tan, L, Bertouch, JV, Bleasel, JF & White, C 2004, 'Telopeptides as markers of bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis', Internal Medicine Journal, vol. 34, no. 9-10, pp. 539-544.
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AbstractAims: The aim of the present study was to determine if urinary excretion of type I collagen N‐terminal telopeptides (UrNTx) and deoxypyridinoline (UrDPD) and serum levels of type I collagen C‐terminal telopeptides (SeCTx) differed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with populations matched for age and gender with and without osteoarthritis (OA). The correlation of markers of bone turnover with disease activity in patients with RA or radiographic severity in patients with OA was also examined.Methods: Patients with RA aged >50 years (men) and >60 years (women) were identified from computer databases at two tertiary referral centres for rheumatology. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to avoid the effects of factors known to influence markers of bone turnover. Patients with RA and OA were matched for age and sex with a control population free of known arthritic disease and a population with OA. Bone markers were assayed in serum and urine. Urine markers were measured on three consecutive days and mean values used to minimize day‐to‐day variability of these analytes.Results: The level of UrNTx was elevated in patients with RA compared with normal controls and patients with OA. UrNTx and UrDPD correlated with markers of disease activity in patients with RA (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein), but not with clinical signs of inflammation (swollen and tender joint counts). Patients with OA failed to show any correlation between markers of bone turnover and radiographic severity.Conclusions: These data support a role for the use of UrNTx and UrDPD in further studies of the pathophysiology of RA and in longitudinal studies designed to modify the course of clinical disease. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 539−544)
Zochling, J, Nguyen, TV, March, LM & Sambrook, PN 2004, 'Quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone: measurement error, discordance, and their effects on longitudinal studies', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 619-624.
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Ahlborg, HG, Nguyen, N, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Contribution of hip strength indices to hip fracture risk in elderly women and men', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S430-S430.
Baheiraei, A, Pocock, NA, Ritchie, JE, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Smoking as a major osteoporosis risk factor among Iranian Australian women', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S431-S431.
Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Volumetric Bone Density at the Femoral Neck as a Common Measure of Hip Fracture Risk for Men and Women', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, pp. 2776-2782.
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Fisher, J, McEwen, HMJ, Tipper, JL, Galvin, AL, Ingram, J, Kamali, A, Stone, MH & Ingham, E 1970, 'Wear, Debris, and Biologic Activity of Cross-linked Polyethylene in the Knee', Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, Joint Annual Meeting of the Knee-Society/Association-of-Hip-and-Knee-Surgeons, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), New Orleans, LA, pp. 114-119.
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Fisher, J, Stewart, TD, Tipper, JL, Hatton, A & Ingham, E 1970, 'Wear, debris and functional biocompatability of third and fourth generation ceramic on ceramic bearing couples', Transactions 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 223.
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Wear, debris, and functional biocompatibility of third generation Biolox Forte and fourth generation Biolox Delta ceramic bearing couples under standard and micro separation simulator testing were discussed. Microseparation sub-luxation testing was found to be necessary to reproduce clinically relevant stripe wear on both materials. Under standard simulator conditions, the wear of both materials was very low with the wear of Biolox Delta being lower than the wear of Biolox Forte. The low wear, even under the most severe loading conditions, combined with good biocompatibility of the wear debris, indicate that third and fourth generation ceramic on ceramic bearing couples are a good choice for active, high demand patients.
Galvin, AL, Endo, MM, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Functional biological activity of non-crosslinked and crosslinked UHMWPE hip joint prostheses', Transactions 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 145.
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The wear rates, debris and biological activity of non-crosslinked and crosslinked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) hip joint prostheses were studied. The non-crosslinked, slightly crosslinked and highly crosslinked samples of UHMWPE were gamma irradiated in nitrogen and were measurements were taken using a coordinate measuring machine. SEM was used for the analysis of the wear debris from the materials. It was found that the wear rate of the highly crosslinked UHMWPE was lower than for the other materials. While the wear rate of the highly crosslinked materials was low, it only generated a two fold reduction in functional biological activity and osteolytic potential.
Galvin, AL, Tipper, JL, McEwen, HMJ, Williams, S, Stone, MH, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Nanometre sized polyethylene wear debris in hip and knee prostheses', Transactions 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 345.
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The nanometer sized wear debris of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 1020 GVF generated in hip and knee prostheses was studied using a high resolution field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM). The samples were foil packed and irradiated with 4MRad gamma irradiation in a vacuum. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure the wear of the samples. All tests were carried out in 25% bovine serum diluted with 0.1% sodium azide and were run to 5 million cycles. It was observed that the UHMWPE debris from the knee prostheses was generally larger than the debris from the hip prostheses.
Meier, C, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Seibel, J & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Bone resorption and osteoporotic fractures in elderly men: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S88-S88.
Meier, C, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Seibel, MJ & Eisman, JA 1970, 'BONE RESORPTION RATE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN ELDERLY MEN. THE DUBBO STUDY', CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL, SPRINGER, pp. S65-S65.
Nelson, AE, Seibel, MJ, Howe, CJ, Nguyen, TV, de Winter, J, Leung, K, Trout, CJ, Baxter, RC, Handelsman, DJ, Irie, M, Kazlauskas, R & Ho, KK 1970, 'Variation of bone and connective tissue turnover markers with age, gender, BMI and ethnicity in elite athletes.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S374-S374.
Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Effects of bisphosphonates on hip fracture risk reduction: A bayesian analysis of clinical trials.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S94-S94.
Nguyen, ND, Pongchaiyakul, C, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Prediction of hip fracture in the elderly by fall-related factors', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S48-S48.
Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Osteoporosis: underrated, underdiagnosed and undertreated', MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, Conference on Bone and Joint Decade Approach, AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD, AUSTRALIA, Canberra, pp. S18-S22.
Nguyen, TV, Nguyen, NQ, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Long-term bone loss in men and women: Effects of quadriceps strength and body weight.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S233-S233.
Pham, TD, Crane, DI, Tannock, D & Bock, D 1970, 'Kullback-Leibler dissimilarity of Markov models for phylogenetic tree reconstruction', Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., IEEE, pp. 157-160.
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In this paper, we introduce the Kullback-Leibler dissimilarity measure of Markov-chain models for unaligned DNA sequences with application to the phylogenetic tree reconstruction of complete mammalian mitochondrial genomes. The tree obtained by our approach is generally in agreement with those obtained from other methods. Our proposed method is computationally efficient and very easy for computer implementation.
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Asymptomatic vertebral deformity as major risk factor for subsequent fractures and mortality: A 14-year prospective study.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S30-S30.
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Eisman, JA & Rajatanavin, R 1970, 'Contribution of lean tissue mass to the urban-rural difference in bone mineral density.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S230-S230.
