Brown, K 1996, 'Imprinting mutation in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome leads to biallelic IGF2 expression through an H19-independent pathway', Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 2027-2032.
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The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is genetically linked to chromosome 11p15.5, and a variety of observations suggest that deregulation of imprinted genes in this region is causally involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. It has been shown that in some patients without cytogenetic abnormalities the otherwise repressed maternal copy of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene is expressed, leading to biallelic expression of IGF2. In some of these cases, this is accompanied by repression and DNA methylation of the maternal (otherwise active) copy of the neighbouring H19 gene. Hence, it is attractive to think that mutations may interfere with some aspect of H19 imprinting, thus leading to an inactive maternal allele, and indirectly to activation of the maternal IGF2 allele as reported in mice with an H19 gene deletion. However, no mutations have been identified so far in these patients. The only known mutations associated with BWS are maternally transmitted translocations, which are clustered in two locations centromeric to IGF2. The first cluster is 200-400 kb from IGF2 and the second is several megabases away. Hence, genes located far from the translocation breakpoints are potentially deregulated by them. Here we provide the first evidence of alteration of imprinting in a translocation family, with biallelic expression of IGF2 and altered DNA replication patterns in the IGF2 region. Interestingly, H19 imprinting was normal, suggesting an H19-independent pathway to biallelic IGF2 transcription, DNA methylation in IGF2 remained monoallelic, suggesting that the mutation in this family had uncoupled allele-specific methylation from expression.
Cheng-Jian Lin & Chin-Teng Lin 1996, 'Reinforcement learning for an ART-based fuzzy adaptive learning control network', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 709-731.
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Chin-Teng Lin & Ya-Ching Lu 1996, 'A neural fuzzy system with fuzzy supervised learning', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 744-763.
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Finn, GD, Lister, R, Szabo, T, Simonetta, D, Mulder, H & Young, R 1996, 'Neural networks applied to a large biological database to analyse dairy breeding patterns', Neural Computing & Applications, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 237-253.
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The paper recounts the investigation of a dairy sire prediction capability based on Cascade Correlation neural networks to study influences relating the performance of offspring to their parents. The context of the problem is the artificial insemination breeding program for the Australian dairy industry. The networks are used to screen observed information in the database to relate it to best combinations of dam and sire. The voluminous data is quite noisy and is subject to genetic and environmental influences. The intention is to extract linear and nonlinear relationships from among the input variables without specifying their form. A number of scenarios are employed which recast the data into different forms. In particular, it was discovered that the problem could be restructured and the data supplemented with transformed data to produce succinct input patterns of manageable dimensionality, which allowed for a substantially improved predictive capability. It was then found that reasonable daughter predictions could be obtained of about 10%, as measured by her milk production. Results are compared with those obtained using two alternate neural network methods. Crude statistical methods are employed to evaluate the performance of the neural networks.
Juang, CF & Lin, CT 1996, 'Self-organizing neural fuzzy inference network for indentification and control', Journal of Control Systems and Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 269-280.
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A Self-Organizing Neural Fuzzy Inference Network (SONFIN) with on-line learning ability is proposed in this paper. The SONFIN in inherently a fuzzy rule-based model possessing neural network's learning ability. In contrast to the general adaptive neural fuzzy networks, where the rules should be decided in advance before parameter learning is performed, there are no rules initially in the SONFIN. They are created and adapted as on-line learning proceeds via simultaneous structure and parameter identification. In this structure identification of the precondition part, the input space is partitioned in a flexible way according to an aligned clustering-based algorithm. As to the structure identification of the consequent part, only a singleton value selected by a clustering method is assigned to each rule initially. Afterwards, some additional terms (a linear combination of input variables) are added to the consequent part when necessary. Furthermore, to enhance the knowledge representation ability of the SONFIN, a linear transformation for each input variable can be incorporated into the network so that much fewer rules are needed or higher accuracy can be achieved. Proper linear transformation are also learned dynamically in the parameter identification phase of the SONFIN. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed SONFIN, simulations in identification and control problems are done. Effectiveness of the SONFIN is verified from these simulations.
LIN, C-T 1996, 'Adaptive subset hood for neural fuzzy control', International Journal of Systems Science, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 937-955.
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LIN, C-T, KAN, M-C & CHUNG, I-F 1996, 'A NEURAL NETWORK THAT LEARNS FROM FUZZY DATA FOR LANGUAGE ACQUISITION', International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 04, no. 06, pp. 581-603.
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This paper proposes a four-layered fuzzy language acquisition network (FLAN) for acquiring fuzzy language. It can catch the intended information from a sentence (command) spoken in natural language with fuzzy terms. The intended information includes a meaningful semantic action and the fuzzy linguistic information of that action (for example, the phrase “move forward” represents the meaningful semantic action and the phrase “very high speed” represents the linguistic information in the fuzzy command “Move forward in a very high speed.”). The proposed FLAN has two important features. First, we can make no restrictions whatever on the fuzzy language input which is used to specify the desired information, and the network requires no acoustic, prosodic, grammar and syntactic structure. Second, the linguistic information of an action is learned automatically and it is represented by fuzzy numbers based on α-level sets. A supervised learning scheme is proposed to train the FLAN on fuzzy training data. This learning scheme consists of the mutual-information (MI) supervised learning algorithm for learning meaningful semantic actions, and the fuzzy backpropagation (FBP) learning algorithm for learning linguistic information. An experimental system is constructed to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed FLAN.
Smith, CL & Voinov, A 1996, 'Resource management: Can it sustain pacific northwest fishery and forest systems?', Ecosystem Health, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 156-158.
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The relative effectiveness of resource management regimes is widely discussed. Sustainability and ecosystem health are two dimensions upon which the effect of management is judged. Evaluating resource management requires long time spans. We look at the impact of management on fish and forest resources by taking a life cycle approach to the exploitation of natural capital. Russian ethnographer Gumilev (1990) describes the process of how human systems go through a set of phases that parallel the birth, growth, maturity, and death stages of the life cycle. The process of adaptive renewal proposed by Holling (1992), too, has life cycle characteristics. The primary variables used to represent the phases of the renewal cycle are the amount of capital that is accumulated and the connectedness in the system. We apply the renewal cycle to a fishery and forestry example in the U.S. Pacific Northwest to see how management regimes alter the capital stock of these systems. In these two examples, 90% of the natural capital is lost or projected to be lost over a century and a half of exploitation. The management regime in both cases evolves toward greater inflexibility. Based on these two examples, resource management does not seem to lead to sustainability or ecosystem health. © 1996 Blackwell Science, Inc.
Xu, G, Wang, N & Wang, J 1996, 'Determination of particle size distribution and mass concentration from the forward light flux scattered within two solid angles', Zhongguo Jiguang/Chinese Journal of Lasers, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 432-436.
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Based on Fraunhofer diffraction theory a method was proposed to determine the size distribution as well as the absolute mass concentration of solid particles from the forward light flux scattering within two solid angles. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were given and the feasibility of this method and the prospect of its application were also indicated.
Ying, M 1996, 'Initial and terminal semantics for glued theories in institutions', Ruan Jian Xue Bao Journal of Software, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 360-363.
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In this paper, the correspondence among initial (terminal) semantics of glued theories and factor theories in institutions is clarified under certain intuitive conditions.
Ying, MS 1996, 'An open logic system admitting modification of inference rules', CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN, vol. 41, no. 13, pp. 1069-1071.
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Ying, MS 1996, 'When is the ideal completion of abstract basis algebraic', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 355-356.
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The concepts of abstract basis and its ideal completion play an important role in domain theory because the category of bases (and approximable relations) is equivalent to the category of continuous domains (and continuous mappings) (cf. [1, Theorem 2.2.
Chin-Teng Lin & Chia-Feng Juang 1970, 'An adaptive neural fuzzy filter and its applications', Proceedings of IEEE 5th International Fuzzy Systems, IEEE 5th International Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, pp. 564-569.
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A new kind of nonlinear adaptive filter, the adaptive neural fuzzy filter (ANFF), based upon neural network's learning ability and fuzzy if-then rule structure is proposed in this paper. The ANFF is inherently a feedforward multilayered connectionist network which can learn by itself according to numerical training data or expert knowledge represented by fuzzy if-then rules. The adaptation here includes the construction of fuzzy if-then rules (structure learning), and the tuning of the free parameters of membership functions (parameter learning). There are no hidden nodes (i.e., no membership functions and fuzzy rules) initially, and both the structure learning and parameter learning are performed concurrently as the adaptation proceeds. Two major advantages of the ANFF are: 1) a priori knowledge can be incorporated into the ANFF which makes the fusion of numerical data and linguistic information in the filter possible; and 2) no predetermination, like the number of hidden nodes, must be given, since the ANFF can find its optimal structure and parameters automatically. To demonstrate the performance of the ANFF, two applications, the nonlinear channel equalization and the adaptive noise cancellation, are simulated.
Chin-Teng Lin, Chia-Feng Juang & Chung-Ping Li 1970, 'Temperature control with a neural fuzzy inference network', Soft Computing in Intelligent Systems and Information Processing. Proceedings of the 1996 Asian Fuzzy Systems Symposium, Soft Computing in Intelligent Systems and Information Processing. 1996 Asian Fuzzy Systems Symposium, IEEE, KENTING, TAIWAN, pp. 91-96.
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Gelbard, G, Sherrington, DC, Breton, F, Benelmoudeni, M, Charreyre, MT & Dong, D 1970, 'Polymers with ligated peroxotungstic units: Organophosphoryl macroligands for the catalytic epoxidation of alkenes.', METAL-CONTAINING POLYMERIC MATERIALS, International Symposium on Metal-Containing Polymeric Materials, at the 208th National American-Chemical-Society Meeting, PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, DC, WASHINGTON, pp. 265-275.
Leaney, J, Peterson, C & Drane, C 1970, 'Computer systems engineering in large groups', Proceedings Frontiers in Education Conference, 26th Annual conference on Frontiers in Education - Technology-Based Re-Engineering Engineering Education (FIE 96), I E E E, SALT LAKE CITY, UT, pp. 1491-1494.
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The subjects Computer Systems Analysis and Computer Systems Design within the computer systems engineering degree at UTS concern themselves with the specification, architecture, design and implementation of a computer based system of moderate complexity, covering electrical and mechanical hardware, computer hardware and software. Students are expected to develop the system to appropriate standards, using suitable techniques, within a defined process and operating within a team. The computer based system is concerned with the problem of the automatic assembly of (pseudo) chocolates into (pseudo) chocolate boxes. There are a variety of boxes and a variety of chocolates, which have to be assembled to (operator entered) orders. The class is divided into teams. A team comprises five groups. Each of four groups is responsible for one of the major subassemblies, and the fifth group is responsible for the systems engineering and telecommunications. The major subassemblies are the assembly robot, the box conveyor and (Vision) recognition system, the chocolate recognition system, and the supervisory control system. The project has been running for five years and this paper summarizes the history, reports on the development and analyses educational aspects. Student appreciation of the subjects has been entirely positive, with the most often made comment that finally they have understood why they have studied engineering for the previous four to five years.
Rowe, D, Leaney, J & Lowe, D 1970, 'Development of a systems architecting process for computer based systems', Proceedings of ICECCS '96: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (held jointly with 6th CSESAW and 4th IEEE RTAW), ICECCS '96: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (held jointly with 6th CSESAW and 4th IEEE RTAW), IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, MONTREAL, CANADA, pp. 200-203.
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Sauermann, G, Uhlmann, B, Dohle, M, Mann, T, Oberst, S & Hoppe, U 1970, 'Cutaneous formation of thio-nitroso compounds and sun burn cells following topical application of l-arginine', JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. 322-322.
Wang, NN & Xu, GD 1970, 'Optical on-line measurements of particulate mass concentration and particle size pollutant emission', Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Environment, ICEE, pp. 777-781.
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In this paper, an optical measuring technique which can be used in in-situ measurements and gives the full particle size information as well as the absolute mass concentration of pollutant emissions is presented, according to the light scattering theory. Based on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory, the information about the particle size can be obtained by measuring the forward light flux at two small solid angles, and the mass concentration from the extinction measurement. Theoretical calculations and computer simulation are made to verify the validity and applicability of the presented method. Results show that it can be used to monitor and supervise the pollutant emissions in different industrial processes.
Ying, MS & BouchonMeunier, B 1970, 'Quantifiers, modifiers and qualifiers in fuzzy logic', SOFT COMPUTING IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING, IEEE, Kenting, Taiwan, pp. 490-495.
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In this paper, we propose a formalization of fuzzy logic and obtain some interesting results on fuzzy quantifiers, modifiers and qualifiers in this setting.
Zowghi, D, Ghose, AK & Peppas, P 1970, 'A framework for reasoning about requirements evolution', Proceedings of the 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI’96), Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Cairns, Australia, pp. 157-168.
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