Publications

Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence - Models, Techniques, Systems and Applications, 1st, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg.
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Cognition-driven decision support system (DSS) has been recognized as a paradigm in the research and development of business intelligence (BI). Cognitive decision support aims to help managers in their decision making from human cognitive aspects, such as thinking, sensing, understanding and predicting, and fully reuse their experience. Among these cognitive aspects, decision makers situation awareness (SA) and mental models are considered to be two important prerequisites fordecision making , particularly in ill-structured and dynamic decision situations with uncertainties, time pressure and high personal stake. In todays business domain,decision making is becoming increasingly complex. To make a successful decision, managers SA about their business environments becomes a critical factor. This book presents theoretical models as well practical techniques of cognitiondriven DSS. It first introduces some important concepts of cognition orientation indecision making process and some techniques in related research areas including DSS, data warehouse and BI, offering readers a preliminary for moving forward in this book. It then proposes a cognition-driven decision process (CDDP) model which incorporates SA and experience (mental models) as its central components. The goal of the CDDP model is to facilitate cognitive decision support to managers on the basis of BI systems. It also presents relevant techniques developed to support the implementation of the CDDP model in a BI environment

Augar, N, Raitman, R, Lanham, E & Zhou, W 2009, 'Building virtual learning communities' in Social Web Evolution: Integrating Semantic Applications and Web 2.0 Technologies, pp. 192-215.
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This chapter introduces the concept of virtual learning communities and discusses and further enhances the theory and definitions presented in related literature. A model comprising four criteria essential to virtual learning communities is presented and discussed in detail. Theory and case studies relating to the impact of virtual learning communities on distance education and students from diverse cultural groups are also examined. In addition, this chapter investigates the enabling technologies and facilitation that is required to build virtual learning communities. Other case studies are used to illustrate the process of building virtual learning communities. Emerging technologies such as wikis and video lectures are also analysed to determine the effects they have on building and sustaining effective virtual learning communities. © 2009, IGI Global.

Lin, CT, Chen, CH & Lin, CJ 2009, 'Nonlinear system control using functional-link-based neuro-fuzzy networks' in Recent Advances in Intelligent Control Systems, pp. 249-275.
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This study presents a functional-link-based neuro-fuzzy network (FLNFN) structure for nonlinear system control. The proposed FLNFN model uses a functional link neural network (FLNN) to the consequent part of the fuzzy rules. This study uses orthogonal polynomials and linearly independent functions in a functional expansion of the FLNN. Thus, the consequent part of the proposed FLNFN model is a nonlinear combination of input variables. An online learning algorithm, which consists of structure learning and parameter learning, is also presented. The structure learning depends on the entropy measure to determine the number of fuzzy rules. The parameter learning, based on the gradient descent method, can adjust the shape of the membership function and the corresponding weights of the FLNN. Finally, the FLNFN model is applied in various simulations. Results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FLNFN model. © 2009 Springer London.

Ubaudi, FA, Kennedy, PJ, Catchpoole, DR, Guo, D & Simoff, SJ 2009, 'Microarray data mining: selecting trustworthy genes with gene feature ranking' in Data Mining for Business Applications, Springer, New York, USA, pp. 159-168.
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Gene expression datasets used in biomedical data mining frequently have two characteristics: they have many thousand attributes but only relatively few sample points and the measurements are noisy. In other words, individual expression measurements may be untrustworthy. Gene Feature Ranking (GFR) is a feature selection methodology that addresses these domain specific characteristics by selecting features (i.e. genes) based on two criteria: (i) how well the gene can discriminate between classes of patient and (ii) the trustworthiness of the microarray data associated with the gene. An example from the pediatric cancer domain demonstrates the use of GFR and compares its performance with a feature selection method that does not explicitly address the trustworthiness of the underlying data.

Zhang, Y & Xu, G 2009, 'Singular Value Decomposition' in Encyclopedia of Database Systems, pp. 2657-2658.
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Becker, C, Gramann, K, Mueller, HJ & Elliott, MA 2009, 'Electrophysiological correlates of flicker-induced color hallucinations', CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 266-276.
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Bremner, MJ, Mora, C & Winter, A 2009, 'Are Random Pure States Useful for Quantum Computation', Physical Review Letters, vol. 102, no. 19.
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We show the following: a randomly chosen pure state as a resource for measurement-based quantum computation iswith overwhelming probabilityof no greater help to a polynomially bounded classical control computer, than a string of random bits. Thus, unlike the familiar ``cluster states, the computing power of a classical control device is not increased from P to BQP (bounded-error, quantum polynomial time), but only to BPP (bounded-error, probabilistic polynomial time). The same holds if the task is to sample from a distribution rather than to perform a bounded-error computation. Furthermore, we show that our results can be extended to states with significantly less entanglement than random states.

Casey, J & Zhou, W 2009, 'Adjacency cache: An efficient P2P web cache indexing and lookup system', Computer Systems Science and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 373-381.
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© 2009 CRL Publishing Ltd. This paper describes the design and evaluation of an efficienl peer-to-peer (P2P) web cache indexing and lookup system, which cam be used to integrate the resources of locally available web pages into a globally addressable index using a distributed hash table. The salient feature of the indexing system's design is the efficienl dissemination of cache index information using a next-url index which allows cache clients to determine ahead of time whether linked content is also available at a remote cache. In addition, conventional optimizations such as in browser caching and batching of index write requests are also used. These optimizations are evaluated using trace-driven simulation and the results show that these design trade-offs improve cache lookup performance.

Casey, J & Zhou, W 2009, 'Reducing the bandwidth requirements of P2P keyword indexing', International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 119-129.
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This paper describes the design and evaluation of a peer-to-peer indexing system to integrate the resources of local document database systems into a globally addressable index using a distributed hash table. The salient feature of the indexing systems design is the efficient dissemination of term-document indices using a combination of duplicate elimination, ring based forwarding and conventional techniques such as aggressive index pruning, and batching. Together these indexing strategies help to reduce the number of RPC operations required to locate the nodes responsible for a section of the index, the bandwidth utilisation and the latency of the indexing service. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers.

Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2009, 'Nonlinear System Control Using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Networks Based on a Modified Differential Evolution', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 459-473.
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Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2009, 'Using an Efficient Immune Symbiotic Evolution Learning for Compensatory Neuro-Fuzzy Controller', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 668-682.
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Chen, X, Liu, W & Williams, M 2009, 'Introduction: Practical Cognitive Agnets and Robots', Autonomous Agents And Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 245-247.

Chonka, A, Singh, J & Zhou, W 2009, 'Chaos theory based detection against network mimicking DDoS attacks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 717-719.
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DDoS attack traffic is difficult to differentiate from legitimate network traffic during transit from the attacker, or zombies, to the victim. In this paper, we use the theory of network self-similarity to differentiate DDoS flooding attack traffic from legitimate self-similar traffic in the network. We observed that DDoS traffic causes a strange attractor to develop in the pattern of network traffic. From this observation, we developed a neural network detector trained by our DDoS prediction algorithm. Our preliminary experiments and analysis indicate that our proposed chaotic model can accurately and effectively detect DDoS attack traffic. Our approach has the potential to not only detect attack traffic during transit, but to also filter it. © 2009 IEEE.

Chonka, A, Zhou, W, Ngo, L & Xiang, Y 2009, 'Ubiquitous multicore (UM) methodology for multimedia', International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 145-156.
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For more than a decade now, multimedia developers have usually "ride the waves", so to speak, with the coming of each generation of microprocessors, which allows their applications, designs and programs to usually running more proficiently, efficiently and effectively. This so-called "free" ride seems to be coming to an end, with results of increases clock speeds, the widening of the gap in processor and memory performance, and the tradeoffs that are needed to meet the former two points, with the new multi-core systems. In this paper, we build upon our previous work within multi-core systems, by proposing a ubiquitous multi-core (UM) design. The goal of such a framework is help researchers to plan and implement their multimedia applications so they can take advantage of speed up computations of multi-core systems and allow real-time multimedia. As our experiments show, our UM system increases performance speeds at an average of 100%, with the average execution cost of 1.4ms, showing that multimedia can use multi-core resources efficiently and effectively.

Christensen, BL & Williams, M 2009, 'Assessing postprandial glucose using 1,5-anhydroglucitol: An integrative literature review', Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 542-548.
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Purpose: Recent studies have determined postprandial blood glucose is an independent risk factor for macrovascular complications. This risk exists, despite having HbA1C results within acceptable ranges for diabetes. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5AG) has been proposed as an appropriate indicator to detect and screen for postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). This review discusses the efficacy of 1,5AG to predict PPHG in order to reveal those who may be at risk for macrovascular complications. Data Sources: An electronic search was conducted from 2003 to 2008 in the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and Pre-CINAHL. Any articles relating to 1,5AG as a marker for PPHG were used. The search was limited to any human research articles published in English. All articles were reviewed for additional relevant studies. Conclusions: 1,5AG was found to be a reliable indicator of PPHG, even when HbA1C levels were within target ranges. 1,5AG may be a simple and effective tool for primary care providers to identify those at risk for macrovascular complications, who would otherwise go unnoticed if assessed by HbA1C alone. © 2009 American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

Collins, C, Fister, KR, Key, B & Williams, M 2009, 'Blasting neuroblastoma using optimal control of chemotherapy', Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 451-467.
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A mathematical model is used to investigate the effectiveness of the chemotherapy drug Topotecan against neuroblastoma. Optimal control theory is applied to minimize the tumor volume and the amount of drug utilized. The model incorporates a state constraint that requires the level of circulating neutrophils (white blood cells that form an integral part of the immune system) to rabove an acceptable value. The treatment schedule is designed to simultaneously satisfy this constraint and achieve the best results in fighting the tumor. Existence and uniqueness of the solution of the optimality system, which is the state system coupled with the adjoint system, is established. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the behavior of the tumor and the immune system components represented in the model.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'A QoS-based service retrieval methodology for digital ecosystems', International Journal of Web and Grid Services, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 261-283.
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The emergence of the World Wide Web and its influence on the fields of industry, commerce, healthcare and so on, has led to an innovative, dynamic, open, collaborative and interactive environment - the digital ecosystem. Whereas service plays an importan

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, AJ, Lawrence, EM, Raban, R & Leijdekkers, P 2009, 'Advancing the m-learning research agenda for active, experiential learning: Four case studies', Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 250-267.
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This article reports on an m-learning research agenda instituted at our university in order to explore how mobile technology can enhance active, experiential learning. Details of the implementation and results of four areas of m-learning are presented: mobile supported fieldwork, fostering interactivity in large lectures with mobile technology, using mobile devices to learn about mobile technology and, finally, podcasting. These directions are informed by a concern for achieving m-learning practices consistent with sound educational theory and the needs of the contemporary, technologically aware student body. All four implementations have been successfully embedded in mainstream subjects on a continuing basis. Therefore they represent a departure from the project based approach of much m-learning reported in the literature. This outcome was achieved through a focus on the economic sustainability and feasibility of each case. An evaluation focusing on how well each case assisted students' learning found that, with the exception of lecture podcasting, all supported high quality experiential learning.

Dyson, LE, Raban, R, Litchfield, AJ & Lawrence, EM 2009, 'Addressing the cost barriers to mobile learning in higher education', International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 381-398.
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This paper addresses one of the main barriers to the widespread adoption of mobile learning in higher education, that of cost. Usage charges billed by telecommunications providers and the cost of mobile hardware are identified as the key cost issues. However, opportunities to overcome this barrier include the high rate of ownership of mobile phones by university students and technological solutions such as packet transmission technologies. The authors describe two experiments in low-cost mobile learning: one that uses packet technology (mobile WAP/WML) to build low-cost interactivity in the classroom and the second that involves mobile-supported fieldwork using several cost-saving strategies

Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2009, 'A Fuzzy Multi-Objective Bilevel Decision Support System', International Journal of Information Technology & D..., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 93-108.
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In a bilevel decision problem, both the leader and the follower may have multiple objectives, and the coefficients involved in these objective functions or constraints may be described by some uncertain values. To express such a situation, a fuzzy multi-objective bilevel (FMOBL) programming model and related solution methods are introduced. This research develops a FMOBL decision support system through implementing the proposed FMOBL methods.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2009, 'A FUZZY MULTI-OBJECTIVE BILEVEL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 93-108.
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Goyal, ML 2009, 'An Attitude Based Muti-agent Problem Solving in a Hostile World', International Journal of Smart Sensing and Intellig..., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 30-62.
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In multi-agent setting agent often encounter conflicts in agents plans and actions. This paper presents an attitude based cooperative decision making methodology that allows agents to act appropriately to various options in a hostile and dynamic fire world. It shows that attitude based decision making explore the attitudes and behaviors that help agents to solve problems constructively. The application and implementation of this methodology to a virtual fire- fighting domain has revealed a promising prospect in negotiating conflicts and solving them.

Gramann, K, El Sharkawy, J & Deubel, H 2009, 'EYE-MOVEMENTS DURING NAVIGATION IN A VIRTUAL TUNNEL', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, vol. 119, no. 10, pp. 1755-1778.
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Grosse-Wentrup, M, Liefhold, C, Gramann, K & Buss, M 2009, 'Beamforming in Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 1209-1219.
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Gui, L, Li, Q, Liu, B, Zhang, W & Zheng, C 2009, 'Low Complexity Channel Estimation Method for TDS-OFDM Based Chinese DTTB System', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1135-1140.
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Gutierrez, FJ & Dyson, LE 2009, 'Confucian or Fusion: Perceptions of Confucian-heritage Students with Respect to Their University Studies in Australia', International Journal of Learning, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 373-384.
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This research aims to uncover the perceptions of first-year Confucian-heritage students towards their lived experience of university study in Australia. Data was gathered from the students via interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological approach. From the students perspective, prior experience of western-style pedagogy was found to be helpful in giving students an idea of what the Australian learning environment would entail, although many students still had difficulty with classroom interaction due to persistent cultural conditioning. In terms of teacher behaviour, important factors include the lecturer demonstrating an understanding of the students culture, using humour in teaching, being a role model, developing a good relationship with the student and demonstrating a commitment to their learning. Issues included the students lack of understanding of the true significance of assignments and lecturers misunderstanding of the valuable role of memorization in Confucian-heritage students learning. The findings of this work allow academics an insight into the lived educational experiences of the student participants. They may also be tentatively offered as a means of informing future course design and delivery, with the goal of improving the quality of student learning and, therefore, academic success.

Islam, MR, Zhou, W, Guo, M & Xiang, Y 2009, 'An innovative analyser for multi-classifier e-mail classification based on grey list analysis', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 357-366.
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In this paper, we propose a new technique of e-mail classification based on the analysis of grey list (GL) from the output of an integrated model, which uses multi-classifier classification ensembles of statistical learning algorithms. The GL is the output of a list of classifiers which are not categorized as true positive (TP) nor true negative (TN) but in an unclear status. Many works have been done to filter spam from legitimate e-mails using classification algorithms and substantial performance has been achieved with some amount of false-positive (FP) tradeoffs. However, in spam filtering applications the FP problem is unacceptable in many situations, therefore it is critical to properly classify e-mails in the GL. Our proposed technique uses an innovative analyser for making decisions about the status of these e-mails. It has been shown that the performance of our proposed technique for e-mail classification is much better than the existing systems, in terms of reducing FP problems and improving accuracy. © 2008.

Islam, R, Zhou, W, Xiang, Y & Mahmood, AN 2009, 'Spam filtering for network traffic security on a multi-core environment', Concurrency Computation Practice and Experience, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1307-1320.
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This paper presents an innovative fusion-based multi-classifier e-mail classification on a ubiquitous multi- core architecture. Many previous approaches used text-based single classifiers to identify spam messages from a large e-mail corpus with some amount of false positive tradeoffs. Researchers are trying to prevent false positive in their filtering methods, but so far none of the current research has claimed zero false positive results. In e-mail classification false positive can potentially cause serious problems for the user. In this paper, we use fusion-based multi-classifier classification technique in a multi-core framework. By running each classifier process in parallel within their dedicated core, we greatly improve the performance of our multi-classifier-based filtering system in terms of running time, false positive rate, and filtering accuracy. Our proposed architecture also provides a safeguard of user mailbox from different malicious attacks. Our experimental results show that we achieved an average of 30% speedup at an average cost of 1.4 ms. We also reduced the instances of false positives, which are one of the key challenges in a spam filtering system, and increases e-mail classification accuracy substantially compared with single classification techniques. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Juszczyszyn, K, Musial, K, Kazienko, P & Gabrys, B 2009, 'TEMPORAL CHANGES IN LOCAL TOPOLOGY OF AN EMAIL-BASED SOCIAL NETWORK', COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 763-779.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC & Barin, E 2009, 'Feasibility study of a non invasive cardiac rhythm management system', International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 5-14.
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Li, K & Zhou, W 2009, 'An abnormal-based approach to effectively detect DDoS attacks', Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,Series A/Chung-kuo Kung Ch'eng Hsuch K'an, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 889-895.
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Distributed Denail-of-Service (DDoS) attacks are a serious threat to the safety and security of cyberspace. In this paper we propose a novel metric to detect DDoS attacks in the Internet. More precisely, we use the function of order α of the generalized (Rényi) entropy to distinguish DDoS attacks traffic from legitimate network traffic effectively. In information theory, entropies make up the basis for distance and divergence measures among various probability densities. We design our abnormal-based detection metric using the generalized entropy. The experimental results show that our proposed approach can not only detect DDoS attacks early (it can detect attacks one hop earlier than using the Shannon metric while order α = 2, and two hops earlier than the Shannon metric while order α = 10.) but can also reduce both the false positive rate and the false negative rate, compared with the traditional Shannon entropy metric approach. © 2009, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Li, K, Zhou, W & Yu, S 2009, 'Effective metric for detecting distributed denial-of-service attacks based on information divergence', IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 1851-1860.
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In information theory, the relative entropy (or information divergence or information distance) quantifies the difference between information flows with various probability distributions. In this study, the authors first resolve the asymmetric property of Rényi divergence and Kullback-Leibler divergence and convert the divergence measures into proper metrics. Then the authors propose an effective metric to detect distributed denial-of-service attacks effectively using the Rényi divergence to measure the difference between legitimate flows and attack flows in a network. With the proposed metric, the authors can obtain the optimal detection sensitivity and the optimal information distance between attack flows and legitimate flows by adjusting the order's value of the Rényi divergence. The experimental results show that the proposed metric can clearly enlarge the adjudication distance, therefore it not only can detect attacks early but also can reduce the false positive rate sharply compared with the use of the traditional Kullback-Leibler divergence and distance approaches. © 2009 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Lin, C-J, Chen, C-H & Lin, C-T 2009, 'A Hybrid of Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization and Cultural Algorithm for Neural Fuzzy Networks and Its Prediction Applications', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 55-68.
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Lin, C-T, Chiu, T-T, Huang, T-Y, Chao, C-F, Liang, W-C, Hsu, S-H & Ko, L-W 2009, 'ASSESSING EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS AUDITORY WARNING SIGNALS IN MAINTAINING DRIVERS' ATTENTION IN VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED DRIVING ENVIRONMENTS', PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 825-835.
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Lin, C-T, Hong, C-T & Yang, C-T 2009, 'Real-Time Digital Image Stabilization System Using Modified Proportional Integrated Controller', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 427-431.
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Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W & Shen, T-K 2009, 'Computational Intelligent Brain Computer Interaction and Its Applications on Driving Cognition', IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 32-46.
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Lin, K-L, Lin, C-T, Pal, NR & Ojha, S 2009, 'Structural Building Blocks Construction of Protein 3-D Structures Using a Structural Variant of Mountain Clustering Method', IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 38-44.
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Lister, RF 2009, 'CS research: rules for sustaining the discourse -- engage!', SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 72-74.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Liu, Z, Qu, W, Li, H, Ruan, M & Zhou, W 2009, 'I/O scheduling and performance analysis on multi-core platforms', Concurrency Computation Practice and Experience, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1405-1417.
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Multi-core platforms are being widely used in many technology areas. These technology shifts not only provide a compute-intensive service, but also require us to improve the I/O-intensive service in performance. However, the existing I/O scheduling approaches lack either quantitative analysis or workload adaptability. These approaches become worse when the application scenarios have either diverse I/O tasks or heterogeneous multi-cores. Based on the analysis of traditional software pipelining technology, we first propose a reverse interleaved pipelining scheduling strategy to decrease the total I/O execution time and balance the workloads of homogeneous processors in this paper. Theoretical analysis shows that this balancing strategy is fair. As for the heterogeneous processors' circumstance, a Self-adaptive scheduling method is presented for selecting one of the most-appropriate multi-core services for the expected I/O tasks. Simulation studies show that the performance of this scheduling strategy self-adapts to application and multi-core diversity well. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Lopez Vilarino, D, Cabello Ferrer, D, Brea Sanchez, VM, Tetzlaff, R & Lin, C-T 2009, 'CNN Technology for Spatiotemporal Signal Processing', EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING.
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Lu, J, Bai, C & Zhang, G 2009, 'Cost-benefit factor analysis in e-services using bayesian networks', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 4617-4625.
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This study applies Bayesian network techniques to analyze and verify the relationships among cost factors and benefit factors in e-service systems. This study first establishes a Bayesian network for e-service cost-benefit factor relationships based on our previous study [Lu, J. & Zhang, G. Q (2003). Cost benefit factor analysis in e-services. International Journal of Service Industry Management (IJSIM), 14(5), 570-5951. It then calculates conditional probability distributions among these factors shown in the Bayesian network. Finally it runs a junction-tree algorithm to conduct inference for verifying these cost-benefit factor relationships, and the data collected through a survey is as evidences in the inference process. Through the above application of Bayesian network techniques a set of useful findings is obtained for the costs involved in e-service developments against the benefits received by adopting these e-service systems. The case of 'increased investments in maintaining e-services' would significantly contribute to 'enhancing perceived company image', and the case of 'increased investments in security of e-service systems' would bring high benefits in 'building customer relationships' and 'improving cooperation between companies'. These findings have great potential to improve the strategic planning of businesses by determining more effective investments items and adopting more suitable development activities in e-service systems and applications.

Lu, J, Zhu, Y, Zeng, X, koehl, L, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'A linguistic multi-criteria group decision support system for fabric hand evaluation', Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 395-413.
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Fabric hand evaluation (FHE) is the main measure in textile material selection for fashion design and development. Fabric hand evaluation requires considering multiple evaluation aspects/criteria by a group of evaluators. Some fabric features can also be measured using instruments. The evaluation often uses linguistic terms in the weights of criteria, and the weights and judgments of evaluators. To support a FHE-based material selection, this study first develops a fabric hand-based textile material evaluation model. It then proposes a human-machine measure integrated fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making method. A software tool is also developed, which implements the proposed method and is applied in fabric hand-based textile material evaluation.

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Information inconsistencies detection using a rule-map technique', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 12510-12519.
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Timely detecting information inconsistencies (anomalies) in real-time information provides strong support for decision-making in a dynamic decision-making situation. Existing techniques for information inconsistencies detection mainly focus on stored information by using a single structured-fixed descriptive model which always requires support from sufficient prior knowledge. The aim of this study is to develop a method for information inconsistencies detection for real-time information in dynamic decision-making situation where prior knowledge is insufficient by using multiple descriptive models. First, a rule-map technique is presented. A rule-map is a hierarchical directed graph, whose vertexes are selected descriptive models and whose arcs represent the covering relationship between descriptive models. A rule-map provides a strategy for selecting detecting descriptive models by means of the covering relationship and its structure is adjustable with the change in a situation. Then, a real-time information inconsistencies detection method, named RMDID, is developed based on the rule-map technique, which can take full advantage of multiple descriptive models. Finally, the proposed RMDID method is tested through two real cases. Experiments indicate that the proposed rule-map technique can trace the changes of a dynamic decision-making situation and the developed RMDID method can efficiently detect potential anomalies in real-time information.

Makeig, S, Gramann, K, Jung, T-P, Sejnowski, TJ & Poizner, H 2009, 'Linking brain, mind and behavior', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 95-100.
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Mazalek, A & van den Hoven, E 2009, 'Framing tangible interaction frameworks', Artificial Intelligence For Engineering Design, Analysis And Manufacturing, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 225-235.
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Tangible interaction is a growing area of human-computer interaction research that has become popular in recent years. Yet designers and researchers are still trying to comprehend and clarify its nature, characteristics, and implications. One approach has been to create frameworks that help us look back at and categorize past tangible interaction systems, and look forward at the possibilities and opportunities for developing new systems. To date, a number of different frameworks have been proposed that each provide different perspectives on the tangible interaction design space, and which can guide designers of new systems in different ways. In this paper, we map the space of tangible interaction frameworks.We order existing frameworks by their general type, and by the facets of tangible interaction design they address. One of our main conclusions is that most frameworks focus predominantly on the conceptual design of tangible systems, whereas fewer frameworks abstract the knowledge gained from previous systems, and hardly any framework provides concrete steps or tools for building new tangible systems. In addition, the facets most represented in existing frameworks are those that address the interactions with or the physicality of the designed systems. Other facets, such as domain-specific technology and experience, are rare. This focus on design, interaction, and physicality is interesting, as the origins of the field are rooted in engineering methods and have only recently started to incorporate more design-inspired approaches. As such, we expected more frameworks to focus on technologies and to provide concrete building suggestions for new tangible interaction systems.

McGregor, C & Maeder, A 2009, 'eHealth and services computing in healthcare', Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 4, no. 2.

Ngo, H, Chuang, Y, Guo, W, Ho, D, Pham, N, Johnston, AJ, Lim, RP & Listowski, A 2009, 'Resident's strategy survey on a new end use of recycled water in Australia', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 93-97.
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The concept of using recycled water for washing machine was introduced as a new end use. As there is a noticeable lack social research in understanding the general public perceptions of this application, the residents strategy survey was carried out at some selective suburbs in Sydney with demographically based signifi cant differences of general, gender, age, education, and property style and ownership. The survey indicates that the majority in the community considers the use of recycled water for washing machine is indispensable in view of continuing drought and the associated water shortages. Given safety assurance and demonstration, recycled water for washing machine has a considerable proportion within the responses. The general level of knowledge in community clearly understand that recycled water is more environmentally friendly option, whereas from cleanness and public health point of view, higher quality water is required to be reused in washing machine. Moreover, the residents reckon to have a small unit for pre-treatment (point of use) before recycled water entering washing machines might assure the quality and safety. The survey also shows the major concerns for a resident to use recycled water for washing machine are public health, water cleanness and washing machine durability.

Percival, J, Catley, C, Mcgregor, C & James, A 2009, 'A design for modelling the impact of information and communication technologies on patient journeys in neonatal intensive care units', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 189, pp. 147-169.
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This paper presents the conceptual model of a survey and knowledge translation methodology to enable the assessment of the implementation of technology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in order to determine the impact of information technology (IT) on information flows and patient care. Survey data, will be completed by healthcare practitioners from multiple roles, for various patient care scenarios, levels of care, and hospitals, and will then be translated using a structured data modelling approach into patient journey models. The data model is defined such that users can develop queries to generate patient journey models based on a pre-defined Patient Journey Model Architecture (PaJMa). PaJMa models will then be analyzed to build a visual representation of information flows and the use of IT in the NICU. The models will offer a sophisticated view of health informatics usage, providing not only details of what IT solutions a hospital utilizes, but also the impact that the IT solutions have when integrated into the patient journey, how they support the patient information flow, and why they improve the patient journey. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Pietroni, N, Ganovelli, F, Cignoni, P & Scopigno, R 2009, 'Splitting cubes: a fast and robust technique for virtual cutting', The Visual Computer, vol. 25, pp. 227-239.

Qu, W, Zhou, W & Kitsuregawa, M 2009, 'A parallel information retrieval method for E-Commerce', Computer Systems Science and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 331-339.
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© 2009 CRL Publishing Ltd. An online transaction always retrieves a large amount of information before making decisions. Currently, the parallel methods for retrieving such information can only provide a similar performance to serial methods. In this paper we first perform an analysis to determine the factors that affect the performance of existing methods, i.e., HQR and EHQR, and show that the several of these factors are not considered by these methods. Motivated by this, we propose a new dispatch scheme called AEHQR, which takes into account the features of parallel dispatching. In addition, we provide cost models that determine the optimal performance achievable by any parallel dispatching method. Using experimental comparison, we illustrate that the AEHQR is significantly outperforms the HQR and EHQR under all conditions.

Roska, T, Arena, P, Lin, C-T & Tetzlaff, R 2009, 'Special issue on cellular wave computing architectures, Part II', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 503-504.
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Shepherd, D & Bremner, MJ 2009, 'Temporally unstructured quantum computation', Proceedings Of The Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences, vol. 465, no. 2105, pp. 1413-1439.
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We examine theoretic architectures and an abstract model for a restricted class of quantum computation, called here temporally unstructured (`instantaneous) quantum computation because it allows for essentially no temporal structure within the quantum dynamics. Using the theory of binary matroids, we argue that the paradigm is rich enough to enable sampling from probability distributions that cannot, classically, be sampled efficiently and accurately. This paradigm also admits simple interactive proof games that may convince a sceptic of the existence of truly quantum effects. Furthermore, these effects can be created using significantly fewer qubits than are required for running Shors algorithm.

Sturgeon, JL, Williams, M & van Servellen, G 2009, 'Efficacy of green tea in the prevention of cancers', Nursing and Health Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 436-446.
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Understanding the literature about the efficacy of green tea consumption in preventing and slowing the progression of cancers is critical. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using an electronic search to identify studies from 2000 to 2008 in the following database: Alt HealthWatch, CINAHL, Medline, Health Source - Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Web of Science (ISI), and the Cochrane Library. Although the evidence from this review suggested associations between green tea consumption and a decreased risk for some cancers, the findings were inconclusive. In selected cases, green tea was effective in slowing the progression of the earlier stages of cancer. However, contrary evidence is reported and the dose and duration of use is variable. Most evidence stems from self-reports. Research using more rigorous designs to investigate the efficacy of green tea in humans is needed. © 2009 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Talaei-Khoei, A 2009, 'A distributed architecture for certificate-based delegation of business process accessibility in Virtual Organizations', Journal of Computing and Information Technology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 313-325.
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In this paper, a distributed architecture has been proposed in order to support an authorization service more precisely in dynamically created Virtual Organizations (VO). In comparison with other existing architectures such as Akenti, VOMS and TAS, our architecture uses certificates on top of the distributed agent architecture for managing requested resources among the VOs. The most obscure issue in distributed agents is finding the proper node that keeps the particular requested certificates In this paper, Chord's Finger Table has been improved to add extra search abilities on the ring architecture of Chord. The process of locating keys can be implemented on the top of the improved Chord by associating a key with each data item, and storing the key/data item pair at the node to which the key maps. In this article, a theoretical analysis is presented for simulations, which shows improvement in the number of passed hops to locate keys in the proposed method in comparison of standard chord, so it's more cost efficient.

Talaei-Khoei, A 2009, 'A Distributed Architecture for Certificate-Based Delegation of Business Process Accessibility in Virtual Organizations', Journal of Computing and Information Technology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 313-325.
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In this paper, a distributed architecture has been proposed in order to support an authorization service more precisely in dynamically created Virtual Organizations (VO). In comparison to other existing architectures such as Akenti, VOMS and TAS, our architecture uses certificates on top a of the distributed agent architecture for managing requested resources among the VOs. The most obscure issue in distributed agents is finding the proper node that keeps the particular requested certificates In this paper, Chords Finger Table has been improved to add extra search abilities on the ring architecture of Chord. The process of locating keys can be implemented on the top of the improved Chord by associating a key with each data item, and storing the key/data item pair at the node to which the key maps. In this article, a theatrical analysis is presented for simulations, which shows improvement in the number of passed hops to locate keys in the proposed method in comparison of standard chord, so its more cost efficient.

Thongkam, J, Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Huang, F 2009, 'Toward breast cancer survivability prediction models through improving training space', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 12200-12209.
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Due to the difficulties of outlier and skewed data, the prediction of breast cancer survivability has presented many challenges in the field of data mining and pattern precognition, especially in medical research. To solve these problems, we have proposed a hybrid approach to generating higher quality data sets in the creation of improved breast cancer survival prediction models. This approach comprises two main steps: (1) utilization of an outlier filtering approach based on C-Support Vector Classification (C-SVC) to identify and eliminate outlier instances; and (2) application of an over-sampling approach using over-sampling with replacement to increase the number of instances in the minority class. In order to assess the capability and effectiveness of the proposed approach, several measurement methods including basic performance (e.g., accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity), Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) and F-measure were utilized. Moreover, a 10-fold cross-validation method was used to reduce the bias and variance of the results of breast cancer survivability prediction models. Results have indicated that the proposed approach leads to improving the performance of breast cancer survivability prediction models by up to 28.34% due to the improved training data space.

Toellner, T, Gramann, K, Mueller, HJ & Eimer, M 2009, 'The Anterior N1 Component as an Index of Modality Shifting', JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1653-1669.
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van Boerdonk, K, Tieben, R, Klooster, S & van den Hoven, E 2009, 'Contact through canvas: an entertaining encounter', Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 551-567.
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When meeting someone new, the first impression is often influenced by someoneâs physical appearance and other types of prejudice. In this paper, we present TouchMeDare, an interactive canvas, which aims to provide an experience when meeting new people, while preventing visual prejudice and lowering potential thresholds. The focus of the designed experience was to stimulate people to get acquainted through the interactive canvas. TouchMeDare consists of a flexible, opaque canvas, which plays music when touched simultaneously from both sides. Dynamic variation of this bodily contact is reflected through real-time adaptations of the musical compositions. Two redesigns were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated and a final version was placed in the Lowlands Festival as a case study. Evaluation results showed that some explanation was needed for the initial interaction with the installation. On the other hand, after this initial unfamiliarity passed, results showed that making bodily contact through the installation did help people to get acquainted with each other and increased their social interaction.

van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 2009, 'The effect of cue media on recollections', Human Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 47-67.
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External cognition concerns knowledge that is embedded in our everyday lives and environment. One type of knowledge is memories, recollections of events that occurred in the past. So how do we remember them? One way this can be done is through cuing and reconstructing. These cues can be internal, in our minds, or in our everyday environment. In this paper we look at memory cues in our environment by comparing the effect of cue modality (odor, physical artifact, photo, sound, and video) on the number of memory details people had from a unique one-day real-life event. Contrary to expectation, the no-cue condition (in effect, only a question asking the participants to write down their memories) created on average significantly more memory-details than the cued conditions.

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Web ontology data matching for integration: Method and framework', International Journal of Web Information Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 220-238.
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Purpose Matching relevant ontology data for integration is vitally important as the amount of ontology data increases along with the evolving Semantic web, in which data are published from different individuals or organizations in a decentralized environment. For any domain that has developed a suitable ontology, its ontology annotated data (or simply ontology data) from different sources often overlaps and needs to be integrated. The purpose of this paper is to develop intelligent web ontology data matching method and framework for data integration. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops an intelligent matching method to solve the issue of ontology data matching. Based on the matching method, it also proposes a flexible peer-to-peer framework to address the issue of ontology data integration in a distributed Semantic web environment. Findings The proposed matching method is different from existing data matching or merging methods applied to data warehouse in that it employs a machine learning approach and more similarity measurements by exploring ontology features. Research limitations/implications The proposed method and framework will be further tested for some more complicated real cases in the future. Originality/value The experiments show that this proposed intelligent matching method increases ontology data matching accuracy.

Williams, M, McCarthy, J, Gardenfors, P, Stanton, CJ & Karol, A 2009, 'A Grounding Framework', Autonomous Agents And Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 272-296.
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In order for an agent to achieve its objectives, make sound decisions, communicate and collaborate with others effectively it must have high quality representations. Representations can encapsulate objects, situations, experiences, decisions and behavior just to name a few. Our interest is in designing high quality representations, therefore it makes sense to ask of any representation; what does it represent; why is it represented; how is it represented; and importantly how well is it represented. This paper identifies the need to develop a better understanding of the grounding process as key to answering these important questions. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of grounding is a major obstacle in the quest to develop genuinely intelligent systems that can make their own representations as they seek to achieve their objectives. We develop an innovative framework which provides a powerful tool for describing, dissecting and inspecting grounding capabilities with the necessary flexibility to conduct meaningful and insightful analysis and evaluation. The framework is based on a set of clearly articulated principles and has three main applications. First, it can be used at both theoretical and practical levels to analyze grounding capabilities of a single system and to evaluate its performance. Second, it can be used to conduct comparative analysis and evaluation of grounding capabilities across a set of systems. Third, it offers a practical guide to assist the design and construction of high performance systems with effective grounding capabilities.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2009, 'Special issue: Multi-core supported network and system security', Concurrency Computation Practice and Experience, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1251-1253.
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Xiang, Y, Zhou, W & Guo, M 2009, 'Flexible deterministic packet marking: An IP traceback system to find the real source of attacks', IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 567-580.
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Internet Protocol (IP) traceback is the enabling technology to control Internet crime. In this paper, we present a novel and practical IP traceback system called Flexible Deterministic Packet Marking (FDPM) which provides a defense system with the ability to find out the real sources of attacking packets that traverse through the network. While a number of other traceback schemes exist, FDPM provides innovative features to trace the source of IP packets and can obtain better tracing capability than others. In particular, FDPM adopts a flexible mark length strategy to make it compatible to different network environments; it also adaptively changes its marking rate according to the load of the participating router by a flexible flow-based marking scheme. Evaluations on both simulation and real system implementation demonstrate that FDPM requires a moderately small number of packets to complete the traceback process; add little additional load to routers and can trace a large number of sources in one traceback process with low false positive rates. The built-in overload prevention mechanism makes this system capable of achieving a satisfactory traceback result even when the router is heavily loaded. The motivation of this traceback system is from DDoS defense. It has been used to not only trace DDoS attacking packets but also enhance filtering attacking traffic. It has a wide array of applications for other security systems. © 2009 IEEE.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2009, 'A linguistic intelligent user guide for method selection in multi-objective decision support systems', Information Sciences, vol. 179, no. 14, pp. 2299-2308.
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Some multi-objective decision-making (MODM) methods are more effective than others for particular decision problems and/or particular decision makers. It is therefore necessary to provide a set of MODM methods in a multi-objective decision support system (MODSS) to support a wide range of problem solving. However, it is always difficult for decision makers to select the most suitable method for individual cases because MODM methods involve a deep knowledge of mathematics. To handle this difficulty, this study develops a MODM method selection guide supported by a fuzzy matching optimization method. In this paper, we first present the modelling process for the knowledge of characteristics of the main MODM methods. We then present related matching techniques between the characteristics of a real-world decision-making situation and a set of predefined situation descriptions (characteristics of a MODM method) where the elements of the two sets may be expressed by linguistic terms. Based on this process, a fuzzy matching optimization-based MODM method selection approach is proposed. The approach applies general fuzzy numbers, fuzzy distance, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making concepts, and rule-based inference techniques to recommend the most suitable method from a MODM method-base. The approach is adopted in a linguistic intelligent user guide within a MODSS. Experiments have shown that the development of the linguistic intelligent user guide can increase the ability of the MODSS to support decision makers in arriving at a satisfactory solution in a most effective way.

Zhang, G, Dillon, TS, Cai, K, Ma, J & Lu, J 2009, 'Operation properties and delta-equalities of complex fuzzy sets', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1227-1249.
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A complex fuzzy set is a fuzzy set whose membership function takes values in the unit circle in the complex plane. This paper investigates various operation properties and proposes a distance measure for complex fuzzy sets. The distance of two complex fuzzy sets measures the difference between the grades of two complex fuzzy sets as well as that between the phases of the two complex fuzzy sets. This distance measure is then used to define ?-equalities of complex fuzzy sets which coincide with those of fuzzy sets already defined in the literature if complex fuzzy sets reduce to real-valued fuzzy sets. Two complex fuzzy sets are said to be ?-equal if the distance between them is less than 1-?. This paper shows how various operations between complex fuzzy sets affect given ?-equalities of complex fuzzy sets. An example application of signal detection demonstrates the utility of the concept of ?-equalities of complex fuzzy sets in practic

Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2009, 'Emergency management evaluation by a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system', Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 517-527.
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Emergency risk management (ERM) is a process which involves dealing with risks to the community arising from emergency events. Emergency management evaluation as one of the important parts of ERM aims assessing and improving social preparedness and organizational ability in identifying, analyzing, and treating emergency risks. This study first develops an emergency management evaluation model. It then proposes an extended fuzzy multi-criteria group evaluation method, which can deal with both subjective and objective criteria under multi-levels by a group of evaluators, for emergency management evaluation. A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system (FMCGDSS) is then developed to implement the proposed method for the case of emergency operating center/system evaluation.

Zhang, Y & Xu, G 2009, 'On Web Communities Mining And Recommendation', Concurrency And Computation-practice & Experience, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 561-582.
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Because of the lack of a uniform schema for web documents and the sheer amount and dynamics of web data, both the effectiveness and the efficiency of information management and retrieval of web data are often unsatisfactory when using conventional data m

Zheng, Z, Lu, J, Zhang, G & He, Q 2009, 'Rule sets based bilevel decision model and algorithm', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 18-26.
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Bilevel decision addresses the problem in which two levels of decision makers, each tries to optimize their individual objectives under certain constraints, act and react in an uncooperative, sequential manner. As bilevel decision making often involves many uncertain factors in real world problems, it is hard to formulate the objective functions and constraints of the leader and the follower in modelling a real bilevel decision problem. This study explores a new approach that uses rule sets to formulate a bilevel decision problem. It first develops related theories to prove the feasibility to model a bilevel decision problem by rule sets. It then proposes an algorithm to describe the modelling process. A case study is discussed to illustrate the functions and effectiveness of the proposed rule sets based bilevel decision modelling algorithm.

Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2009, 'Network and system security', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 345-346.
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Al- Hassan, MW, Lu, H & Lu, J 2009, 'A Framework for Delivering Personalized e-Government Services from a Citizen-Centric Approach', Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2009), Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, ACM in cooperation with the Austrian Computer Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 434-438.
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E-government is becoming more attentive towards providing intelligent personalized online services to citizens so that citizens can receive better services with less time and effort. This paper proposes a new conceptual framework for delivering personalized e-government services to citizens from a citizen-centric approach, called Pe-Gov service framework. This framework outlines the main components and their interconnections. Detailed explanations about these components are given and the special features of this framework are highlighted. This framework has the potential to outperform the existing e-Gov service systems as illustrated by two real life examples.

Al-Sharawneh, JA & Williams, M 2009, 'A Social Network Approach in Semantic Web Services Selection using Follow the Leader Behavior', Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops, 2009., Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, IEEE, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 310-319.
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Automatic discovery of web services is a crucial task for e-Business communities. Locating and selecting âthe best❠web service from a vast number of similar services that matches the user's requirements and preferences is a cognitive challenge and requires the use of an intelligent decision making framework. This paper develops a flexible ontological architecture and framework for Semantic Web Service Selection that exploits Goldbaum's innovative "Follow the Leader" model originally designed as an analytic tool for studying social network behavior and evolution. The framework proposes two new ontologies integrated in a recommender system, which guides a user to select the best service that matches their requirements and preferences. We test and evaluate several behaviors of market leader scenarios using a simulation agent.

Al-Sharawneh, JA & Williams, M 2009, 'ABMS: Agent-based Modeling and Simulation in Web Service Selection', International Conference on Engineering Management and Service Sciences (EMS 2009), International Conference on Engineering Management and Service Sciences, IEEE, Beijing, China., pp. 1-6.
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Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) is a new approach to modeling systems comprised of autonomous interacting agents. It promises to have an important role in research and education. Some researchers have contended that ABMS âis a third way of doing scienceâ. ABMS has been applied to a wide range of research in a varied number of complex domain problems. Social simulation is playing an increasingly important role in todayâs interconnected society. In this paper we apply agent based modeling and simulation to investigate the impact of Goldbaum's innovative "Follow the Leader" in social networks in web services selection using a recommender system that guides a user to select the best service that matches his requirements and preferences. We test and evaluate several customersâ behaviors scenarios using our simulation tool âSSSS: Service Selection Simulation Studioâ.

Antle, A, Corness, G, Bakker, S, Droumeva, M, van den Hoven, E & Bevans, A 2009, 'Designing to support reasoned imagination through embodied metaphor', Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition, C&C' 09, ACM, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 275-284.
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Supporting users' reasoned imagination in sense making during interaction with tangible and embedded computation involves supporting the application of their existing mental schemata in understanding new forms of interaction. Recent studies that include an embodied metaphor in the interaction model, which relates action-based inputs to digital outputs, have provided evidence that this approach is beneficial. Yet the design of such systems has been difficult and full of setbacks. Wide spread adoption of this approach requires a better understanding of how to design such embodied metaphor-based interactional models. We analyze three recent design-based research studies in which we have been involved in order to derive design knowledge that may inform others. Following a case study methodology we identify kernels or points in the design process where discontinuities between predicted and actual interaction highlight important design knowledge.

Bakker, S, Antle, A & van den Hoven, E 2009, 'Identifying embodied metaphors in children's sound-action mappings', Proceedings of IDC 2009, IDC 2009: The 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, ACM, Como, Italy, pp. 140-149.
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Physical activity and manipulating physical objects can be beneficial for learning. Earlier studies [2] have shown that interaction models that rely on unconscious and embodied knowledge (based on embodied metaphors) can benefit the learning process. However, more than one embodied metaphor might be applicable. In this paper, we present the results of a user study (n=65) designed to identify embodied metaphors seven to nine year old children use when enacting abstract concepts related to musical sound. The results provide evidence that multiple different embodied metaphors can unconsciously be used to structure the understanding of these concepts. In addition, we have identified and categorized commonly used metaphors based on the children's enactments of changing sound concepts.

Beilharz, KA & Ferguson, S 2009, 'An Interface and Framework Design for interactive Aesthetic Sonification', Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Auditory Display, International Conference on Auditory Display, Re:New Digital Arts Forum, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the interface design of our AeSon (Aesthetic Sonification) Toolkit motivated by user-centred customisation of the aesthetic representation and scope of the data. The interface design is developed from 3 premises that distinguish our approach from more ubiquitous sonification methodologies. Firstly, we prioritise interaction both from the perspective of changing scale, scope and presentation of the data and the user's ability to reconfigure spatial panning, modality, pitch distribution, critical thresholds and granularity of data examined. The user, for the majority of parameters, determines their own listening experience for real-time data sonification, even to the extent that the interface can be used for live data-driven performance, as well as traditional information analysis and examination. Secondly, we have explored the theories of Tufte, Fry and other visualization and information design experts to find ways in which principles that are successful in the field of information visualization may be translated to the domain of sonification. Thirdly, we prioritise aesthetic variables and controls in the interface, derived from musical practice, aesthetics in information design and responses to experimental user evaluations to inform the design of the sounds and display. In addition to using notions of meter, beat, key or modality and emphasis drawn from music, we draw on our experiments that evaluated the effects of spatial separation in multivariate data presentations.

Benferhat, S, Dubios, D, Prade, H & Williams, M 2009, 'A General Framework for Revising Belief Bases using Qualitative Jeffrey's Rule', Foundations of Intelligent Systems - 18th International Symposium, ISMIS 2009: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence vol 5722, International Symposium on Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Springer, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 612-621.
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Intelligent agents require methods to revise their epistemic state as they acquire new information. Jeffreys rule, which extends conditioning to uncertain inputs, is currently used for revising probabilistic epistemic states when new information is uncertain. This paper analyses the expressive power of two possibilistic counterparts of Jeffreys rule for modeling belief revision in intelligent agents. We show that this rule can be used to recover most of the existing approaches proposed in knowledge base revision, such as adjustment, natural belief revision, drastic belief revision, revision of an epistemic by another epistemic state. In addition, we also show that that some recent forms of revision, namely improvement operators, can also be recovered in our framework.

Benferhat, S, Dubois, D, Prade, H & Williams, MA 2009, 'A general framework for revising belief bases using qualitative Jeffrey's rule', Commonsense 2009 - Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, pp. 7-12.
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Intelligent agents require methods to revise their epis- temic state as they acquire new information. Jerey's rule, which extends conditioning to uncertain inputs, is used to revise probabilistic epistemic states when new information is uncertain. This paper analyses the expressive power of two possibilistic counterparts of Jerey's rule for modeling belief revision in intelligent agents. We show that this rule can be used to recover most of the existing approaches proposed in knowledge base revision, such as adjustment, natural belief revi- sion, drastic belief revision, revision of an epistemic by another epistemic state. In addition, we also show that that some recent forms of revision, namely reinforce- ment operators, can also be recovered in our frame- work.

Bian, W & Tao, D 2009, 'Dirichlet Mixture Allocation For Multiclass Document Collections Modeling', 2009 9th IEEE International Conference On Data Mining, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, IEEE, Miami Beach, FL, pp. 711-715.
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Topic model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), is an effective tool for statistical analysis of large collections of documents. In LDA, each document is modeled as a mixture of topics and the topic proportions are generated from the unimodal Dirichlet d

Bian, W & Tao, D 2009, 'Manifold Regularization for SIR with Rate Root-n Convergence', Proceedings of the 2009 Conference ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 22, Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Curran Associates, Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 1-9.
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In this paper, we study the manifold regularization for the Sliced Inverse Regression (SIR). The manifold regularization improves the standard SIR in two aspects: 1) it encodes the local geometry for SIR and 2) it enables SIR to deal with transductive and semi-supervised learning problems. We prove that the proposed graph Laplacian based regularization is convergent at rate root-n. The projection directions of the regularized SIR are optimized by using a conjugate gradient method on the Grassmann manifold. Experimental results support our theory.

Bian, W & Tao, D 2009, 'Manifold regularization for SIR with rate root-n convergence', Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 22 - Proceedings of the 2009 Conference, pp. 117-125.
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In this paper, we study the manifold regularization for the Sliced Inverse Regression (SIR). The manifold regularization improves the standard SIR in two aspects: 1) it encodes the local geometry for SIR and 2) it enables SIR to deal with trans-ductive and semi-supervised learning problems. We prove that the proposed graph Laplacian based regularization is convergent at rate root-n. The projection directions of the regularized SIR are optimized by using a conjugate gradient method on the Grassmann manifold. Experimental results support our theory.

Bian, W, Cheng, JL & Tao, D 2009, 'Biased Isomap Projections For Interactive Reranking', ICME: 2009 IEEE International Conference On Multimedia And Expo, Vols 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, New York, NY, pp. 1632-1635.
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Image search has recently gained more and more attention for various applications. To capture users' intensions and to bridge the gap between the low level visual features and the high level semantics, a dozen of interactive reranking (IR) or relevance f

Bogdanov, A & Qiao, Y 2009, 'On the Security of Goldreich's One-Way Function', APPROXIMATION, RANDOMIZATION, AND COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION, 12th International Workshop on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems/13th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Berkeley, CA, pp. 392-+.

Brakel, J, Gay, VC & Leijdekkers, P 2009, 'From The Hippocratic Oath To Electronic Data Storage: Ethical Aspects For M-Health Projects In Australia', IADIS International Conference e-Health 2009 - MCCSIS 2009, International Association for Development of the Information Society International Conference, IADIS Press, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 115-122.
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This paper discusses the issue of ethics when it comes to trialling m-health applications in a hospital environment in Australia. Our team has developed a personalised health monitoring application for smart phones using wireless biosensors to monitor and instruct patients. This paper discusses some of the Australian guidelines regarding ethical aspects of running technological trials of such mobile health projects on cardiac patients. Ethical issues regarding mobile health projects can be generally divided in two parts. The first one concerns any potential dangers to the patientâs health. Although testing can also be done on healthy test subjects, the best way to acquire real-life test-data is to perform tests on actual cardiac patients. The second one is the privacy aspect in the doctor-patient relationship as some patients do not want to be identified as having a disease or do not want to have their records kept on file and used in scientific publications. Nevertheless, to show the benefits of this personalized m-health monitoring, a technical trial has to be conducted and research data needs to be published in a verifiable way. This paper gives an introduction into ethical regulations, organizations and issues in Australia. It describes, in detail, the issues involved in conducting technical trials in Australian hospitals. The paper gives several recommendations on how to deal with ethics in personalised m-health monitoring projects

Bremner, MJ 2009, 'Are random pure states useful for quantum computation?', Institute of Mathematics and its Applications Conference on Quantum Computing and Complexity of Quantum Simulation, London.
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Quantum computing represents the prodigiously fertile union of quantum physics with the theory of computation and especially issues of computational complexity. It is known that quantum processes can offer solutions to some information processing tasks that are exponentially more efficient than any known classical methods. Perhaps the most celebrated example is Shor's 1994 quantum algorithm for integer factorisation. In recent years there has been a surge of activity in our understanding of quantum computational power and its prospective applicability and limitations. A variety of problems in diverse areas of mathematics, has been identified (so-called BQP-complete problems) that have efficient quantum algorithms and also embody the full power of efficient quantum computation. In quantum many body physics (including study of quantum circuits, of local hamiltonians, and of further formalisms such as measurement based computing) some problems have been shown, surprisingly, to admit efficient classical solution while others (e.g. certain ground state properties of local hamiltonians) are likely to be computationally intractible, having been shown to be so-called QMA-complete. Quantum entanglement is often regarded as an essential ingredient in these considerations and there has been considerable development in understanding its scaling behaviour in many body systems. This conference is devoted to recent theoretical developments in these areas and related issues. Invited speakers will be requested to include overview material (in addition to recent research) with the aim of making the essential ideas of these important developments accessible to a broader audience of QIP researchers.

Bremner, MJ 2009, 'Instantaneous quantum computation', Institute of Mathematics and its Applications Conference on Quantum Computing and Complexity of Quantum Simulation, London.
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Quantum computing represents the prodigiously fertile union of quantum physics with the theory of computation and especially issues of computational complexity. It is known that quantum processes can offer solutions to some information processing tasks that are exponentially more efficient than any known classical methods. Perhaps the most celebrated example is Shor's 1994 quantum algorithm for integer factorisation. In recent years there has been a surge of activity in our understanding of quantum computational power and its prospective applicability and limitations. A variety of problems in diverse areas of mathematics, has been identified (so-called BQP-complete problems) that have efficient quantum algorithms and also embody the full power of efficient quantum computation. In quantum many body physics (including study of quantum circuits, of local hamiltonians, and of further formalisms such as measurement based computing) some problems have been shown, surprisingly, to admit efficient classical solution while others (e.g. certain ground state properties of local hamiltonians) are likely to be computationally intractible, having been shown to be so-called QMA-complete. Quantum entanglement is often regarded as an essential ingredient in these considerations and there has been considerable development in understanding its scaling behaviour in many body systems. This conference is devoted to recent theoretical developments in these areas and related issues. Invited speakers will be requested to include overview material (in addition to recent research) with the aim of making the essential ideas of these important developments accessible to a broader audience of QIP researchers.

Bremner, MJ 2009, 'Instantaneous quantum computation', Twelth Workshop on Quantum Information Processing, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
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Fifteen years ago, Shor's efficient quantum algorithms for factoring integers and evaluating discrete logarithms launched the field of quantum information processing (QIP) into the public consciousness. QIP is now one of the most active and fastest-growing research areas in computer science and physics, spanning topics such as quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography. QIP 2009 is the twelfth in a series of international workshops dedicated to disseminating recent theoretical advances in this field.

Bremner, MJ 2009, 'Most quantum states are useless for measurement-based quantum computation', Twelth Workshop on Quantum Information Processing, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
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Fifteen years ago, Shor's efficient quantum algorithms for factoring integers and evaluating discrete logarithms launched the field of quantum information processing (QIP) into the public consciousness. QIP is now one of the most active and fastest-growing research areas in computer science and physics, spanning topics such as quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography. QIP 2009 is the twelfth in a series of international workshops dedicated to disseminating recent theoretical advances in this field.

Brodka, P, Musial, K & Kazienko, P 2009, 'A Performance of Centrality Calculation in Social Networks', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, ESIGETEL, Fontainebleau, FRANCE, pp. 24-31.
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Brodka, P, Musial, K & Kazienko, P 2009, 'Efficiency of Node Position Calculation in Social Networks', KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT II, PROCEEDINGS, 13th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Univ Chile, Fac Phys Sci & Math, Santiago, CHILE, pp. 455-463.

Catley, C, Smith, K, McGregor, C & Tracy, M 2009, 'Extending CRISP-DM to incorporate temporal data mining of multidimensional medical data streams: A neonatal intensive care unit case study', Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems.
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Using a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) case study, this work investigates the current CRoss Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) approach for modeling Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA)-based systems that perform temporal data mining (TDM). The case study highlights the need for an extended CRISP-DM approach when modeling clinical systems applying Data Mining (DM) and Temporal Abstraction (TA). As the number of such integrated TA/DM systems continues to grow, this limitation becomes significant and motivated our proposal of an extended CRISP-DM methodology to support TDM, known as CRISP-TDM. This approach supports clinical investigations on multi-dimensional time series data. This research paper has three key objectives: 1) Present a summary of the extended CRISP-TDM methodology; 2) Demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model to the NICU data, focusing on the challenges associated with multi-dimensional time series data; and 3) Describe the proposed IDA architecture for applying integrated TDM. ©2009 IEEE.

Chao, Z, Wenyu, Q, Zhaobin, L & Wanlei, Z 2009, 'A resource allocation method for computational grids based on on-line reverse auction', 4th ChinaGrid Annual Conference, ChinaGrid 2009, pp. 28-31.
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Resource allocation and task scheduling are two key technologies in grid computing system. The market-based resource allocation model is considered as a good one. In this paper, an on-line reverse auction method of resource allocation for computational grids was proposed to solve the problem of resource management considering the dynamic characteristics of computing resources in the computational grid environment and the advantages of economics mechanism. In this method, the current price can be set using former bids. And bidders arriving one by one the on-line buyer must be required to make a decision immediately about each bid as it is received. Then we prove that the algorithm is incentive compatible and simulate the auction protocol in Gridsim to evaluate its communication demand. © 2009 IEEE.

Cheema, MA, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, W & Zhang, W 2009, 'Lazy Updates: An Efficient Technique to Continuously Monitoring Reverse kNN', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, VLDB Endowment, ACM, Lyon, France, pp. 1138-1149.
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In this paper, we study the problem of continuous monitoring of reverse k nearest neighbor queries. Existing continuous reverse nearest neighbor monitoring techniques are sensitive towards objects and queries movement. For example, the results of a query are to be recomputed whenever the query changes its location. We present a framework for continuous reverse k nearest neighbor queries by assigning each object and query with a rectangular safe region such that the expensive recomputation is not required as long as the query and objects remain in their respective safe regions. This significantly improves the computation cost. As a by-product, our framework also reduces the communication cost in client-server architectures because an object does not report its location to the server unless it leaves its safe region or the server sends a location update request. We also conduct a rigid cost analysis to guide an effective selection of such rectangular safe regions. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our techniques outperform the existing techniques by an order of magnitude in terms of computation cost and communication cost.

Chen, J, Xiang, Y, Gao, GR, Zhou, W, Wendelborn, A & Hobbs, M 2009, 'International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing: Preface', NPC 2009 - 6th International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing.
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Chen, P-Y, Van, L-D, Reddy, HC & Lin, C-T 2009, 'A New VLSI 2-D Fourfold-Rotational-Symmetry Filter Architecture Design', ISCAS: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-5, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2009), IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 93-+.

Chen, S & Williams, M 2009, 'Privacy In Social Networks: A Comparative Study', Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS) 2009 Proceedings, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Association for Information Systems, India School of Business, Hyderabad, India, pp. 1-12.
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Social networks provide unprecedented opportunity for individuals and organizations to share information. At the same time they present significant challenges to privacy that left unaddressed will stifle information sharing and innovation. In this paper we analyse four different prototypical existing social networks, and identify key problems that arise for a privacy-by-design approach to the development of a new breed of social networks.

Chen, Y-C, Duann, J-R, Lin, C-L, Chuang, S-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 2009, 'Motion-Sickness Related Brain Areas and EEG Power Activates', FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, San Diego, CA, pp. 348-354.

Chohka, A, Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2009, 'Defending grid web services from XDoS attacks by SOTA', 7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2009.
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Grid Web Services are still relevantly a new to business systems, and as more systems are being attached to it, any threat to it could bring collapse and huge harm. Some of these potential threats to Grid Web services come in a new forni of a new denial of service attack (DoS), called XML Denial of Service or XDOS attacks. Though, as yet, there have not been any reported attacks from the media, we have observed these attacks are actually far less complex to implement than any previous Denial of Service (DoS), but still just as affective. Current security applications for grid web services (WS-Security for example), based on our observations, and are not up to job of handling the problem. In this paper, we build on our previous work called Service Oriented Traceback Architecture (SOTA), and apply our model to Grid Networks that employ web services. We further introduce a filter defrnce system, called XDetector, to work in combination with SOTA. Our results show that SOTA in conjunction with XDetector makes for an effective defence against XDoS attacks and upcoming DXDoS. © 2009 IEEE.

Chuang, SW, Huang, RS, Ko, LW, Jeng, JL, Duann, JR, Jung, TP & Lin, CT 2009, 'Independent modulators mediate spectra of multiple brain processes In a VR-based driving experiment', Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.
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This study explores the use of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) applied to normalized logarithmic spectral changes in the activities of brain processes separated by spatial filters learned from electroencephalogram (EEG) data using a temporal ICA. EEG data were collected during 1-2 hour virtual-reality based driving experiments, in which subjects were instructed to maintain their cruising position and compensate for randomly induced drifts using the steering wheel. ICA was first applied to 30-channel EEG data to separate the recorded signals into a sum of maximally temporally independent components (ICs) for each of 15 subjects. Logarithmic spectra of IC activities were then submitted to PCA-ICA to find spectrally fixed and temporally independent modulator (IM) processes. The second ICA detected and modeled independent co-modulatory systems that multiplicatively affect the activities of spatially distinct IC processes. Across subjects, we found two consistent temporally independent modulators: theta-beta and alpha modulators that mediate spectral activations of the distinct cortical areas when the participants experience waves of alternating alertness and drowsiness during long hour simulated driving. Furthermore, the time courses of the theta-beta modulator were highly correlated with concurrent changes in subject driving error (a behavioral index of drowsiness). © 2009 SPIE.

Clancy, M, Caspersen, M & Lister, R 2009, 'ICER'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research: Foreword', ICER'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research.

Clancy, M, Caspersen, ME & Lister, RF 2009, 'Proceeding of the fifth International workshop on Computing education research', Fifth International Computing Education Research Workshop, International Computing Education Research Workshop, Association for Computing Machinery, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 1-165.
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The fifth International workshop on Computing education research workshop attracted 24 submissions. All papers were double-blind peer-reviewed by members of the international program committee. After the reviewing, 13 papers (54%) were accepted for inclusion in the conference, written by authors across nine countries: Australia, Finland, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, Sweden, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The papers spanned a wide variety of topics, including tools and tool use; conceptions, preconceptions, and misconceptions; attitudes; collaborative learning; research categorization; teacher adaptation to new paradigms; and broad-scale adoption of CS innovation.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'A Hybrid Concept Similarity Measure Model For Ontology Environment', On The Move To Meaningful Internet Systems: Otm 2009 Workshops, On the Move Confederated International Conference and Workshops, Springer-verlag Berlin, Vilamoura, PORTUGAL, pp. 848-857.
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In this paper, we present a hybrid concept similarity measure model for the ontology environment. Whilst to date many similar technologies have been developed for semantic networks, few of them can be directly applied to the semantic-rich ontology enviro

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'A Hybrid Service Metadata Clustering Methodology In The Digital Ecosystem Environment', 2009 International Conference On Advanced Information Networking And Applications Workshops: Waina, Vols 1 And 2, International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE, Bradford, ENGLAND, pp. 238-243.
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Digital Ecosystem is defined as 'an open, loosely coupled, domain clustered, demand-driven, self-organizing and agent-based environment, in which each species is proactive and responsive for its own benefit and profit' [1]. Species in the Digital Ecosyst

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'An Ontology-based Webpage Classification Approach For The Knowledge Grid Environment', 2009 Fifth International Conference On Semantics, Knowledge And Grid (skg 2009), International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grid, IEEE, Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 120-127.
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With the rapid growth of the amount of information available in the Web, webpage classification technologies are widely employed by many search engines in order to formulate user queries and make users' search tasks easier. Knowledge Grid is a new form o

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'Paradox in applications of semantic similarity models in information retrieval', Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, pp. 60-68.
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Semantic similarity models are a series of mathematical models for computing semantic similarity values among nodes in a semantic net. In this paper we reveal the paradox in the applications of these semantic similarity models in the field of information retrieval, which is that these models rely on a common prerequisite - the words of a user query must correspond to the nodes of a semantic net. In certain situations, this sort of correspondence can not be carried out, which invalidates the further working of these semantic similarity models. By means of two case studies, we analyze these issues. In addition, we discuss some possible solutions in order to address these issues. Conclusion and future works are drawn in the final section. © 2009 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'Semantic service search, service evaluation and ranking in Service Oriented Environment', Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, pp. 111-117.
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The theory of Service Oriented Environment (SOE) emerges with advanced connectivity of the Internet technologies, openness of business environment and prosperousness of business activities. Service, as a critical object impenetrating every corner of SOE, is a hot research topic in many research domains. Software Engineering (SE), as a subject in engineering field, its researchers pay more attention to supporting advanced technologies for promoting service activities in SOE. In this paper, we draw the position in the research field of semantic service search, service evaluation and ranking in SOE. By means of the case study and literature review research approach, we discover the research motivations and research issues in this field. © 2009 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'State Of The Art In Semantic Focused Crawlers', Computational Science And Its Applications - Iccsa 2009, Pt Ii, International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, Springer-verlag Berlin, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 910-924.
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Nowadays, the research of focused crawler approaches the field of semantic web, along with the appearance of increasing semantic web documents and the rapid development of ontology mark-up languages. Semantic focused crawlers are a series of focused craw

Duann, J-R, Chen, P-C, Ko, L-W, Huang, R-S, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 2009, 'Detecting Frontal EEG Activities with Forehead Electrodes', FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, San Diego, CA, pp. 373-+.

Dyson, L, Litchfield, A, Raban, R & Tyler, J 2009, 'mInteract: Online tool for sustainable active experiential mobile learning', ASCILITE 2009 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 230-232.
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The rapid evolution and ubiquitous use of mobile devices is an historical opportunity to improve experiential interactivity in education practices to support 'deep' learning. A major barrier to the widespread adoption of mobile learning in higher education is that of cost. Opportunities to overcome this barrier include the high rate of ownership of mobile phones by university students and technological solutions such as packet transmission technologies. mInteract™ is an online system which uses packet technology to build no-to-low cost interactivity into learning spaces. mInteract supports sustainable active experiential learning transactions for both student and teacher. © 2009 Laurel Dyson, Andrew Litchfield Ryszard Raban and Jon Tyler.

Dyson, LE & Brady, F 2009, 'Mobile Phone Adoption and Use in Lockhart River Aboriginal Community', 8th International Conference on Mobile Business, International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE Conputer Society, Dalian, Liaoning, China, pp. 170-175.
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This paper reports on an ethnographic study of mobile phone adoption and use in a remote Aboriginal community in Cape York, Australia. The researchers found that, within nine months of the introduction of the 3G network, 58% of the Indigenous people interviewed had acquired a mobile phone, a much higher rate of adoption than any other ICT. The phones were employed for communication, with multimedia uses (music, games, videos, photos) also very popular. Issues included the cost, robustness and usability of the devices, although most people managed costs well by purchasing pre-paid phones. The findings suggest a number of possible initiatives that government, service providers and business could consider to leverage mobile phone usage and develop capacity in the community.

Dyson, LE & Brady, F 2009, 'Mobile Phone Adoption and Use in Lockhart River Aboriginal Community', EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE BUSINESS, PROCEEDINGS, 8th International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 37-37.

Dyson, LE & Litchfield, AJ 2009, 'The mPortal: Supporting Collaboration to Develop mLearning Strategies for Educational Transformation', 8th World Conference on Mobile and Contextural Learning, World Conference on Mobile and Contextural Learning, University of Florida, Florida USA, pp. 112-118.
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This paper proposes the establishment of an online portal to influence and support best practice in mLearning. With the growing interest in mLearning to address the learning styles of a generation of students who have grown up with digital technology, and the adoption of mobile technology by Indigenous peoples and in developing countries, there is a need for an accessible body of knowledge of mLearning principles, teaching strategies and case-studies. An mPortal would foster collaboration between researchers and educators and inform emerging national and international approaches to using mobile technologies at all levels of the education sector and across all disciplines.

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, A, Raban, R & Tyler, J 2009, 'Interactive classroom mlearning and the experiential transactions between students and lecturer', ASCILITE 2009 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 233-242.
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This paper seeks to address a major deficit in understandings of mobile learning, that is, its lack of a solid theoretical foundation. An overview of existing theoretical concepts of mobile learning is presented, followed by an analysis of interactive classroom systems and the learning that they provide. The implementation of a specific interactive system mInteract in the lectures of a large accounting subject is described. mInteract is a Web- based system using no-to-low cost data-packet technology and provides for interactions from students' own Internet-enabled mobile devices. The paper examines, by means of reflections from the lecturer and students, the learning which took place during the implementation. The analysis demonstrates that interactive mobile learning can be interpreted using experiential learning theory, and that both students and lecturers engage in experiential learning. Furthermore, they enter into transactions of knowledge which are facilitated by the mobile learning system. © 2009 Laurel Evelyn Dyson, Andrew Litchfield, Ryszard Raban and Jonathan Tyler.

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, AJ, Raban, R & Tyler, JV 2009, 'Reflections on interactive classroom mLearning and the experiential transactions between students and lecturer', Same places, different spaces. Proceedings ascilite Auckland 2009, Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, The University of Auckland, Auckland University of Technology, and Australasian Society for Computer, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 232-242.
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This paper seeks to address a major deficit in understandings of mobile learning, that is, its lack of a solid theoretical foundation. An overview of existing theoretical concepts of mobile learning is presented, followed by an analysis of interactive classroom systems and the learning that they provide. The implementation of a specific interactive system mInteract in the lectures of a large accounting subject is described. mInteract is a Webbased system using no-to-low cost data-packet technology and provides for interactions from students own Internet-enabled mobile devices. The paper examines, by means of reflections from the lecturer and students, the learning which took place during the implementation. The analysis demonstrates that interactive mobile learning can be interpreted using experiential learning theory, and that both students and lecturers engage in experiential learning. Furthermore, they enter into transactions of knowledge which are facilitated by the mobile learning system.

Edelstein, EA, Gramann, K, Schulze, J, Vankov, A, Bigdely, N, Van Erp, E, Makeig, S & Macagno, E 2009, 'Synchronization of brain dynamics with navigation behaviors in full scale, stereoscopic 3D virtual reality architecture', COGNITIVE PROCESSING, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, pp. S136-S137.

Fachrunnisa, O, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'Current research trends and directions for future research in trust maintenance for virtual environments', iiWAS2009 - The 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, pp. 718-724.
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Trust is widely acknowledged as being important for the efficient and effective operation of business in virtual environments. This is because trust functions like a glue that holds and links virtual agents together as they relate and collaborate remotely. In virtual environments, trust needs to be established swiftly as there is little time to build it gradually in the absence of face-to-face meetings. However, the manner in which trust develops and is maintained is a critical factor in relationships, both physically and virtually. In virtual environments, trust needs to be managed including network connection as well as social aspects of interaction. Maintaining trust in virtual environments is defined as an effort to maximize the benefits of such virtual relationship and to prevent the level of trust from decreasing. In this paper, we undertake a general survey of the current situation of trust maintenance in virtual environments. We review several researches from the perspective of terminology, strategies presented, and types of strategies. We describe the benefits and shortcomings of each strategy, conduct an integrative review of these strategic approaches, and make suggestions for future research. © 2010 ACM.

Ferguson, S & Beilharz, KA 2009, 'An Interface for Live Interactive Sonification', Proceedings of New Interfaces for Musical Expression, New Interfaces for Musical Expression, NIME, Pittsburgh PA, pp. 35-36.
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Ferguson, SJ & Cabrera, D 2009, 'Auditory Spectral Summarisation for Audio Signals with Musical Applications', 10th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, International Symposium for Music Information Retrieval, International Society on Music Information Retrieval, Kobe, Japan, pp. 567-572.
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Methods for spectral analysis of audio signals and their graphical display are widespread. However, assessing music and audio in the visual domain involves a number of challenges in the translation between auditory images into mental or symbolically represented concepts. This paper presents a spectral analysis method that exists entirely in the auditory domain, and results in an auditory presentation of a spectrum. It aims to strip a segment of audio signal of its temporal content, resulting in a quasi-stationary signal that possesses a similar spectrum to the original signal. The method is extended and applied for the purpose of music summarisation.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2009, 'A Particle Swarm Optimization Based Algorithm for Fuzzy Bilevel Decision Making with Constraints-shared Followers', Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, ACM, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1075-1079.
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In a bilevel decision problem, decision making may involve multiple followers and fuzzy demands. This research focuses on the problem of fuzzy linear bilevel decision making with multiple followers who share common constraints (FBCSF). Based on the ranking relationship among fuzzy sets defined by cut set and satisfactory degree , a FBCSF model is presented and a particle swarm optimization based algorithm is developed. The experiments reveal that solutions obtained by this algorithm are reasonable and stable.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wee, H 2010, 'A Fuzzy Bi-level Pricing Model and a PSO Based Algorithm in Supply Chains', Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Neural Information Processing: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol 5864, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 226-233.
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Due to rapid technological innovation and severe competition, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost in hi-tech industries usually decline significantly with time. In building a pricing supply chain model, some coefficients are generally obtained from experiments and cannot be defined as crisp numbers. Thus, an effective fuzzy pricing supply chain model becomes crucial. This paper establishes a fuzzy bi-level pricing model for buyers and vendors in supply chains. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm is developed to solve problems defined by this model. Experiments show that this PSO-based algorithm can solve fuzzy bi-level pricing problems effectively.

Gay, VC, Leijdekkers, P & Barin, E 2009, 'A Mobile Rehabilitation Application for the Remote Monitoring of Cardiac Patients after a Heart Attack or a Coronary Bypass Surgery', Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on PErvsive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, International Conference on PErvsive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Corfu, Greece, pp. 1-7.
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This paper describes a personalised rehabilitation application using a smart phone (PDA) and wireless (bio) sensors. It instructs and motivates patients to follow their exercise programme and keeps track of their progress. It also monitors the relevant biosignals and provides immediate feedback to the patient. Sensors transmit data to the mobile phone where it is analysed locally and the data can also be instantaneously transmitted to a healthcare centre for remote monitoring by a health professional. The rehabilitation application is personalised for each cardiac patient and provides tailored advice (e.g. exercise more, slow down). A trial with a rehabilitation centre is in progress in which we investigate whether the personalised rehabilitation application improves the success of the rehabilitation programme in terms of patient compliance with recommended life style changes (such as increase physical activity or lose weight) and whether use of the system brings peace of mind to cardiac patients.

Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 2009, 'Agile Software Solution Framework: an analysis of practitioners' perspectives', Information Systems: Modeling, Development, and Integration. UNISCON 2009, Procs., Information Systems: Modeling, Development, and Integration, Springer-Verlag, Campbelltown, NSW, pp. 41-52.
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We have developed an agile software solution framework (ASSF) to create and tailor situation-specific agile methods by using a method engineering approach. Here, we report on a questionnaire-based survey with thirty-three experts in order to determine the relevance and importance of the aspects or elements of agile software development methodology specified in ASSF. We have analysed the relevance and importance that each respondent places on the identified elements of the ASSF.

Goyal, M & Zhang, G 2009, 'Using attribute and attitude assessment for bidding in automated auctions', iiWAS2009 - The 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, pp. 380-384.
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An automated auction is an efficient market institution for real-world trading of commodities. This paper presents a novel fuzzy bidding strategy (FAA-Bid), which employs assessments of multiple attributes of items as well as agents' attitude on bidding item to procure an item in automated auction. The assessment of attributes adapts the fuzzy sets technique to handle uncertainty of the bidding process as well use heuristic rules to determine attitude of bidding agents in simulated auctions to procure goods. The overall assessment is used to determine a price range based on current bid, which finally selects the best one as the new bid. © 2010 ACM.

Goyal, ML & Kaushik, S 2009, 'Automated Fuzzy Bidding Strategy Using Agent's Attitude and Market Competition', International worshop on Multi-Agent Simulation in Finance and Economics, International worshop on Multi-Agent Simulation in Finance and Economics, Springer, Nagoya, Japan,, pp. 17-30.
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This paper designs a novel fuzzy competition and attitude based bidding strategy (FCA-Bid), in which the final best bid is calculated on the basis of the attitude of the bidders and the competition for the goods in the market. The estimation of attitude is based on the bidding items attribute assessment, which adapts the fuzzy sets technique to handle uncertainty of the bidding process as well it uses heuristic rules to determine attitude of bidding agents. The bidding strategy also uses and determines competition in the market (based on the two factors i.e. no. of the bidders participating and the total time elapsed for an auction) using Mamdanis Direct Method. Then the final price of the best bid will be determined based on the assessed attitude and the competition in the market using fuzzy reasoning technique.

Goyal, ML & Ma, J 2009, 'Using Agents' Attitudes And Assessments In Fuzzy Bidding Strategy', Proceedings of First International Conference on Agents and Artificial intelligence, International Confrence on Agents and Artificial intelligence, Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control, Porto, Portugal, pp. 385-391.
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To be successful in multi-attribute auction, agents must be capable of adapting to continuous changing bidding price. This paper presents a novel fuzzy attitude based bidding strategy (FA-Bid), which employs dual assessment technique i.e. assessment of multiple attributes of the goods as well as assessment of agents attitude (eagerness) to procure an item in automated auction. The assessment of attributes adapts the fuzzy sets technique to handle uncertainty of the bidding process as well use heuristic rules to determine attitude of bidding agents in simulated auctions to procure goods. The overall assessment is used to determine a price range based on current bid, which finally selects the best one as the new bid.

Goyal, ML & Zhang, G 2009, 'Using Attribute and Attitude Assessment for Bidding in Automated Auctions', The 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services (iiWAS 2009), Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, ACM, Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1-5.
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An automated auction is an efficient market institution for realworld trading of commodities. This paper presents a novel fuzzy bidding strategy(FAA-Bid), which employs assessments of multiple attributes of items as well as agents attitude on bidding item to procure an item in automated auction. The assessment of attributes adapts the fuzzy sets technique to handle uncertainty of the bidding process as well use heuristic rules to determine attitude of bidding agents in simulated auctions to procure goods. The overall assessment is used to determine a price range based on current bid, which finally selects the best one as the new bid.

Guo, Y, Xu, W, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, Y & Jin, J 2009, 'Design and Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor Drive for a Prototype HTS Maglev Transportation System', Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 81-84.
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This paper investigates the design and analysis of a linear induction motor (LIM) drive for a prototype transportation system, which is levitated by the interaction force between high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks placed on the ground and permanent magnets (PMs) mounted on the bottom of the vehicle, while the driving force is provided by a linear induction motor system on the side of the prototype vehicle. An equivalent electrical circuit is applied to predict the motor characteristics and the computation results show that the proposed LIM drive system is appropriate for driving the HTS maglev transportation prototype.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Dorrell, D, Lu, H & Wang, Y 2009, 'Development of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with a Molded Low-Density Soft Magnetic Composite Stator Core', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 703-710.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, Y & Jin, J 2009, 'Design and Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core for Driving Dishwasher Pump', Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE, 138, pp. 138-141.
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This paper presents the development of a permanent magnet motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator core for driving a dishwasher pump. The unique properties of the SMC, such as 3D magnetic isotropy and molding production technique, have been taken into account in the design. 3D magnetic field finite element analysis is carried out to accurately compute the motor parameters and an equivalent electrical circuit is derived to predict the motor performance. Analysis results show that the developed motor is appropriate.

Gutierrez, FJ & Dyson, LE 2009, 'Managing Employee Expectations of Organizational Change: A case study of IT Outsourcing at an Australian Bank', Knowledge Management and Innovation in Advancing Economics: Analyses and Solutions, IBIMA (International Business Information Management Association), Marrakech, pp. 1158-1165.
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Hasan, M, Cheema, MA, Lin, X & Zhang, Y 2009, 'Efficient Construction of Safe Regions for Moving kNN Queries over Dynamic Datasets', LNCS - Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases - Proceedings of SSTD, SSTD, Springer, Aalborg, Denmark, pp. 373-379.
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The concept of safe region has been used to reduce the computation and communication cost for the continuous monitoring of k nearest neighbor (kNN) queries. A safe region is an area such that as long as a query remains in it, the set of its kNNs does not change. In this paper, we present an efficient technique to construct the safe region by using cheap RangeNN queries. We also extend our approach for dynamic datasets (the objects may appear or disappear from the dataset). Our proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms and scales better with the increase in k

Hitchens, M & Lister, RF 2009, 'A Focus Group Study of Student Attitudes to Lectures', Eleventh Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 93-100.
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Abstract: This paper reports on the findings from focus groups, conducted at Macquarie University, on the attitudes of computing students to lectures. Students felt that two things were vital for a good lecture: (1) that the lecturer goes beyond what is written in the lecture notes; (2) that the lecture is interactive, by which students meant that the lecturer asks if students understand concepts and adjusts the delivery accordingly, and also the lecturer answers the studentsâ questions. The students in the focus groups also discussed what makes for a bad lectures: (1) lecturers reading straight from slides; (2) lecturers who âblame the studentsâ, by saying that students donât work hard enough and are too lazy to turn up to lectures; and (3) lecturers who cover the material too slowly or too quickly. The most prominent reason given for not attending lectures was the timetabling of lectures in such a way that students had too few classes in one day to make the sojourn to university worthwhile. Any university seeking to improve attendance at lectures should perhaps look as much to improving its timetabling practices as it does to improving the practices of its individual lecturers.

Homayounfard, H & Kennedy, PJ 2009, 'HDAX: Historical Symbolic Modelling of Delay Time Series in a Communications Network', Data Mining and Analytics 2009 (AusDM'09): Conference in Research and Practice in Information Technology Volume 101, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 129-137.
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There are certain performance parameters like packet delay, delay variation (jitter) and loss, which are decision factors for online quality of service (QoS) traffic routing. Although considerable efforts have been placed on the Internet to assure QoS, the dominant TCP/IP - like the best-effort communications policy - does not provide sufficient guarantee without abrupt change in the protocols. Estimation and forecasting end-to-end delay and its variations are essential tasks in network routing management for detecting anomalies. A large amount of research has been done to provide foreknowledge of network anomalies by characterizing and forecasting delay with numerical forecasting methods.

Huang, HS, Pal, NR, Ko, LW & Lin, CT 2009, 'Automatic identification of useful independent components with a view to removing artifacts from EEG signal', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1267-1271.
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Removal of artifacts is an important step in any research in/application of electroencephalogram (EEG). The artifacts may contain eye-blinking, muscle noise, heart signal, line noise, and environmental effect. Such noises often make the raw EEG signals not very useful for extraction/identification of physiological phenomena from EEG. The independent component analysis (ICA) is a popular technique for artifact removal in brain research and some reports demonstrate that ICA can remove the artifacts with lower (acceptable) loss of information. But, these reports select useful independent components manually, primarily by looking at the scalp-plots. This is of great inconvenience and is a barrier for BCI or real-time applications of EEG. In this paper, we demonstrate that machine learning methods could be quite effective to discriminate useful independent components from artifacts and our findings suggests the possibility of developing a 'universal" machine for artifact removal in EEG. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2008, 'Space-Filling Interaction with Chain-Context View', Poster Compendium of IEEE Information Visualization Conference 2008 (IEEE InfoVis), International Conference on Information Visualisation, IEEE Computer Society, Columbus, Ohio USA, pp. 1-3.
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The most commonly used interaction techniques in space-filling visualization are drilling-down+semantic-zooming and focus+context methods. However, under these schemes, users often have insufficient knowledge about contextual information to guide them exploring through very large and deep structures. This paper proposes an efficient interaction method called Chain-Context View for the navigation of large hierarchies in space filling visualizations. Instead of displaying a single or two context views, we provide users with the display of a progressive sequence of context views attempting to maximize the display of contextual information. The display of rich contextual information produced in the exploration path could greatly increase the accuracy of users decisions and reduce the unsuccessful trips and unnecessary views while exploring large structures. This also allows the users to trace each step of their interaction and make it easy to jump or return to any level of the hierarchy that they have previously visited. We have also conducted a usability study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Chain-Context View.

Huang, M, Huang, T & Zhang, J 2009, 'TreemapBar: Visualizing Additional Dimensions of Data in Bar Chart', 13th International Conference on Information Visualisation, IV 2009, International Conference on Information Visualisation, IEEE Computer Society, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 98-103.
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Bar chart is a very common and simple graph that is mainly used to visualize simple x, y plots of data for numerical comparisons by partitioning the categorical data values into bars and typically limited to operate on highly aggregated dataset. In todays growing complexity of business data with multi dimensional attributes using bar chart itself is not sufficient to deal with the representation of such business dataset and it also not utilizes the screen space efficiently.Nevertheless, bar chart is still useful because of its shape create strong visual attention to users at first glance than other visualization techniques. In this article, we present a treemap bar chart + tablelens interaction technique that combines the treemap and bar chart visualizations with a tablelens based zooming technique that allows users to view the detail of a particular bar when the density of bars increases. In our approach, the capability of the original bar chart and treemaps for representing complex business data is enhanced and the utilization of display space is also optimized.

Huang, M, Liang, J & Nguyen, Q 2009, 'A Visualization Approach for Frauds Detection in Financial Market', 13th International Conference on Information Visualisation, IV 2009, International Conference on Information Visualisation, IEEE Computer Society, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 197-202.
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Bar chart is a very common and simple graph that is mainly used to visualize simple x, y plots of data for numerical comparisons by partitioning the categorical data values into bars and typically limited to operate on highly aggregated dataset. In todayï½s growing complexity of business data with multi dimensional attributes using bar chart itself is not sufficient to deal with the representation of such business dataset and it also not utilizes the screen space efficiently.Nevertheless, bar chart is still useful because of its shape create strong visual attention to users at first glance than other visualization techniques. In this article, we present a treemap bar chart + tablelens interaction technique that combines the treemap and bar chart visualizations with a tablelens based zooming technique that allows users to view the detail of a particular bar when the density of bars increases. In our approach, the capability of the original bar chart and treemaps for representing complex business data is enhanced and the utilization of display space is also optimized.

Huang, M, Nguyen, Q, Vo, VC & Wang, J 2009, 'A Zoomable Shopping Browser Using a Graphic-Treemap', Sixth International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization: New Advances and Trends, CGIV 2009, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE Computer Society, Tianjin, China, pp. 449-453.
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Effective and efficient navigation and representation of the entire structure of the product catalog is one of the important factors for on-line market. This paper proposes an application using Treemaps visualization to enhance the functionality of online product category. We aim to develop high-quality catalog interfaces in terms of readability, understandability and comprehension by integrating graphics into Treemaps. We applied two types of Treemaps: (1) Slice-and-Dice Treemaps, (2) Squarified Treemaps, into the on-line catalog to address the "small window" problem allowing buyers to overview and navigate large product categories dynamically. We also use a history bar that locates on the top of each category and sub-category to provide a 2.5-dimensional view of contextual information.

Hussain, O, Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2009, 'A Fuzzy Inference Model For Risk Based Informed Decision-making In E-business', 2009 International Conference On Network-based Information Systems, International Conference on Network Based Information Systems, IEEE, Indianapolis, ID, pp. 519-524.
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Since its invention, the web has considerably advanced and it now provides its users with sophisticated technologies and processes for facilitating interactions. This has enabled users to complete their tasks by efficient ways and in turn increase their

Hussain, O, Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2009, 'A Methodology For Transactional Risk Assessment And Decision Making In E-business Interactions', IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, 2009. ICEBE '09, IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, IEEE Computer Soc, Macau, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 157-164.
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The development and advancement of technologies have enabled users to complete their tasks efficiently. They have also provided them with various options and alternatives to complete and achieve their tasks. In such an environment, it is imperative for a

Hussain, O, Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2009, 'Determining The Net Financial Risk For Decision Making In Business Interactions', 2009 International Conference On Advanced Information Networking And Applications, International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE, Bradford, ENGLAND, pp. 822-829.
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In a business interaction, transactional risk highlights the uncertainty associated in not achieving the desired outcomes. The assessment of transactional risk gives the interacting user the different levels of failure in achieving its desired outcomes a

Islam, MR & Zhou, W 2009, 'Minimizing the limitations of gl analyser of fusion based email classification', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 761-774.
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In the last decade, the Internet email has become one of the primary method of communication used by everyone for the exchange of ideas and information. However, in recent years, along with the rapid growth of the Internet and email, there has been a dramatic growth in spam. Classifications algorithms have been successfully used to filter spam, but with a certain amount of false positive trade-offs. This problem is mainly caused by the dynamic nature of spam content, spam delivery strategies, as well as the diversification of the classification algorithms. This paper presents an approach of email classification to overcome the burden of analyzing technique of GL (grey list) analyser as further refinements of our previous multi-classifier based email classification [10]. In this approach, we introduce a "majority voting grey list (MVGL)" analyzing technique with two different variations which will analyze only the product of GL emails. Our empirical evidence proofs the improvements of this approach, in terms of complexity and cost, compared to existing GL analyser. This approach also overcomes the limitation of human interaction of existing analyzing technique. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Islam, MR, Zhou, W & Chowdhury, MU 2009, 'MVGL analyser for multi-classifier based spam filtering system', Proceedings of the 2009 8th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science, ICIS 2009, pp. 394-399.
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In the last decade, the rapid growth of the Internet and email, there has been a dramatic growth in spam. Spam is commonly defined as unsolicited email messages and protecting email from the infiltration of spam is an important research issue. Classifications algorithms have been successfully used to filter spam, but with a certain amount of false positive trade-offs, which is unacceptable to users sometimes. This paper presents an approach to overcome the burden of GL (grey list) analyzer as further refinements to our multi-classifier based classification model (Islam, M. and W. Zhou 2007). In this approach, we introduce a "majority voting grey list (MVGL)" analyzing technique which will analyze the generated GL emails by using the majority voting (MV) algorithm. We have presented two different variations of the MV system, one is simple MV (SMV) and other is the Ranked MV (RMV). Our empirical evidence proofs the improvements of this approach compared to the existing GL analyzer of multi-classifier based spam filtering process.© 2009 IEEE.

Jeng, JJ, McGregor, C & Schiefer, J 2009, 'Second IEEE international workshop on real-time service-oriented architecture and applications: RTSOAA 2009', Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference.
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Johnston, AJ, Candy, L & Edmonds, EA 2009, 'Designing for Conversational Interaction', Proceedings of New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME), New Interfaces for Musical Expression, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA, pp. 207-212.
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In this paper we describe an interaction framework which classifies musicians interactions with virtual musical instruments into three modes: instrumental, ornamental and conversational. We argue that conversational interactions are the most difficult to design for, but also the most interesting. To illustrate our approach to designing for conversational interactions we describe the performance work Partial Reflections 3 for two clarinets and interactive software. This software uses simulated physical models to create a virtual sound sculpture which both responds to and produces sounds and visuals.

Johnston, B & Williams, MA 2009, 'A formal framework for the symbol grounding problem', Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, AGI 2009, pp. 79-84.
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A great deal of contention can be found within the published literature on grounding and the symbol grounding problem, much of it motivated by appeals to intuition and unfalsifiable claims. We seek to define a formal framework of representation grounding that is independent of any particular opinion, but that promotes classification and comparison. To this end, we identify a set of fundamental concepts and then formalize a hierarchy of six representational system classes that correspond to different perspectives on the representational requirements for intelligence, describing a spectrum of systems built on representations that range from symbolic through iconic to distributed and unconstrained. This framework offers utility not only in enriching our understanding of symbol grounding and the literature, but also in exposing crucial assumptions to be explored by the research community.

Johnston, BG & Williams, M 2009, 'A Formal Framework for the Symbol Grounding Problem', Proceedings of the Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, Atlantis Press, Washington, USA, pp. 61-66.
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A great deal of contention can be found within the published literature on grounding and the symbol grounding problem, much of it motivated by appeals to intuition and unfalsifiable claims. We seek to define a formal framework of representa- tion grounding that is independent of any particular opinion, but that promotes classification and comparison. To this end, we identify a set of fundamental concepts and then formalize a hierarchy of six representational system classes that corre- spond to different perspectives on the representational require- ments for intelligence, describing a spectrum of systems built on representations that range from symbolic through iconic to distributed and unconstrained. This framework offers utility not only in enriching our understanding of symbol grounding and the literature, but also in exposing crucial assumptions to be explored by the research community.

Johnston, BG & Williams, M 2009, 'Autonomous Learning of Commonsense Simulations', International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, UTSePress, Toronto, Canada, pp. 73-78.
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Parameter-driven simulations are an effective and efficient method for reasoning about a wide range of commonsense scenarios that can complement the use of logical formalizations. The advantage of simulation is its simplified knowledge elicitation process: rather than building complex logical formulae, simulations are constructed by simply selecting numerical values and graphical structures. In this paper, we propose the application of machine learning techniques to allow an embodied autonomous agent to automatically construct appropriate simulations from its real-world experience. The automation of learning can dramatically reduce the cost of knowledge elicitation, and therefore result in models of commonsense with breadth and depth not possible with traditional engineering of logical formalizations.

Johnston, BG & Williams, M 2009, 'Conservative and Reward-driven Behavior Selection in a Commonsense Reasoning Framework', 2009 AAAI Symposium: Multirepresentational Architectures for Human-Level Intelligence, National Conference of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Washington, USA, pp. 14-19.
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Comirit is a framework for commonsense reasoning that combines simulation, logical deduction and passive machine learning. While a passive, observation-driven approach to learning is safe and highly conservative, it is limited to interaction only with those objects that it has previously observed. In this paper we describe a preliminary exploration of methods for extending Comirit to allow safe action selection in uncertain situations, and to allow reward-maximizing selection of behaviors.

Jones, V, Gay, VC, Leijdekkers, P, Rienks, R & Hermens, H 2009, 'Personalised mobile services supporting the implementation of clinical guidelines', 4th workshop on Personalisation for e-Health, Workshop on Personalisation for e-Health, AIME 2009, Verona, Italy, pp. 10-14.
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Telemonitoring is emerging as a compelling application of Body Area Networks (BANs). We describe two health BAN systems developed respectively by a European team and an Australian team and discuss some issues encountered relating to formalization of clinical knowledge to support realtime analysis and interpretation of BAN data. Our example application is an evidence-based telemonitoring and teletreatment application for home-based rehabilitation. The application is intended to support implementation of a clinical guideline for cardiac rehabilitation following myocardial infarction. In addition to this the proposal is to establish the patientâs individual baseline risk profile and, by real-time analysis of BAN data, continually re-assess the current risk level in order to give timely personalised feedback. Static and dynamic risk factors are derived from literature. Many sources express evidence probabilistically, suggesting a requirement for reasoning with uncertainty; elsewhere evidence requires qualitatie reasoning: both familiar modes of reasoning in KBSs. However even at this knowledge acquisition stage some issues arise concerning how best to apply the clinical evidence. Furthermore, in cases where insufficient clinical evidence is currently available, telemonitoring can yield large collections of clinical data with the potential for data mining in order to furnish more statistically powerful and accurate clinical evidence.

Juszczyszyn, K & Musial, K 2009, 'Structural Changes in an Email-Based Social Network', AGENT AND MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, 3rd KES International Symposium on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, SWEDEN, pp. 40-49.

Juszczyszyn, K, Musial, A, Musial, K & Brodka, P 2009, 'Molecular Dynamics Modelling of the Temporal Changes in Complex Networks', 2009 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-5, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Trondheim, NORWAY, pp. 553-+.
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Kamaleswaran, R, McGregor, C & Percival, J 2009, 'Service oriented architecture for the integration of clinical and physiological data for real-time event stream processing', 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20, Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 1667-+.
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Kasisopha, N, Wongthongtham, P & Hussain, FK 2009, 'Semantic Wild As A Basis For Software Engineering Ontology Evolution', On The Move To Meaningful Internet Systems: Otm 2009 Workshops, On the Move Confederated International Conference and Workshops, Springer-verlag Berlin, Vilamoura, PORTUGAL, pp. 858-865.
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Ontology plays a vital role in sharing a common understanding of the domain among groups of people and provides terminology interpretable by machines. Recently, ontology has grown and continued to evolve constantly, but there are not many tools to provid

Kazienko, P, Musial, K & Zgrzywa, A 2007, 'Evaluation of node position based on email communication', CONTROL AND CYBERNETICS, Conference on Data Processing Technologies, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES SYSTEMS RESEARCH INST, Poznan, POLAND, pp. 67-86.

Kennard, R, Edmonds, E & Leaney, J 2009, 'Separation Anxiety: stresses of developing a modern day Separable User Interface', HSI: 2009 2ND CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS, 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions, IEEE, Catania, ITALY, pp. 225-232.

Kennard, R, Edmonds, EA & Leaney, JR 2009, 'Separation anxiety: Stresses of developing a modern day separable User Interface', Human System Interactions, 2009. HSI '09. 2nd Conference on, Human System Interactions, IEEE Xplore, Catania, Italy, pp. 228-235.
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The evolution of user interface (UI) tools has generally regarded the UI as separable from the underlying application it represents. This viewpoint leaves the UI having to restate invariants already specified in other subsystems of an application, and any discrepancy between the versions in the UI and those in the subsystems leads to errors. This paper explores a sample of real world subsystems in use by enterprise applications today, and underscores the problem of duplication between them and the UI. It then surveys the prevalence of this issue within mainstream software development.

Kennedy, PJ, Ong, K & Christen, P 2009, 'Data Mining and Analytics', Data Mining and Analytics 2009 (AusDM'09), Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-218.

Kennedy, PJ, Ong, KL & Christen, P 2009, 'Preface', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series.

Khaddage, F, Lanham, E & Zhou, W 2009, 'Mobile phones as a learning device is it time to stop the ban?', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning 2009, ML 2009, pp. 347-350.
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© 2009 IADIS. It is now time for teachers as well as colleges to make a place for mobile learning within the classroom setting. Teachers should be encouraged to integrate mobile phones for teaching and learning within the classroom, as they can be seen as an effective learning tool for students of all ages. We believe that mobile phone bans in colleges should be reviewed and reconsidered. This paper draws on some important aspects which mobile phones can bring into the classroom; it illustrates how mobile phones can fit seamlessly in a normal classroom environment; and the advantages that they provide. A possible integration method which encourages collaboration among students and teacher will be discussed and proposed.

Khan, A, Saqib, M & Kaleem, Z 2009, 'Functional unit level parallelism in RISC architecture', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, FIT '09.
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This paper presents the design and implementation of RISC processor having five stages pipelined architecture. Functional unit parallelism is exploited through the implementation of pipelining in five stages of RISC processor. The hazards which come to life due to parallelism are data, structural, and control hazards .In order to achieve the true benefits of the parallelism through pipelining; these hazards must be properly handled. The data hazards are solved using bypassing in which we forward the required value of the operand to the succeeding instruction. Structural hazards are solved by implementing three port register file so that two operand reading and one register writing can be performed in parallel without degrading the performance. Control hazards arise from Branch, Jump and Call instructions. To solve these problems, we insert automated NOP in stage2, stage3 and stage4. The processor designed is a fully functional processor which can execute any program including jump statements, switch statements, loops and subroutines which are the basic ingredients of any computer program. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Khoo, I-H, Reddy, HC, Van, L-D & Lin, C-T 2009, '2-D Digital Filter Architectures without Global Broadcast and Some Symmetry Applications', ISCAS: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-5, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2009), IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 952-+.
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Ko, L-W, Tsai, I-L, Yang, F-S, Chung, J-F, Lu, S-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 2008, 'Real-Time Embedded EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface', ADVANCES IN NEURO-INFORMATION PROCESSING, PT II, 15th International Conference on Neuro-Information Processing, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 1038-1045.

Kraaijenbrink, E, van Gils, F, Cheng, Q, van Herk, R & van den Hoven, E 2009, 'Balancing Skills to Optimize Fun in Board Games', Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Interact '09, Springer-Verlag, Uppsala, Sweden, pp. 301-313.
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Playing games against people with a different skill level can be boring or frustrating, which decreases fun. A solution is to introduce specific rules that balance a game. In this paper we describe a study in which we used an electronic board game with tangible interaction to investigate whether balancing a game indeed increases fun experienced. We also investigate whether balancing skill levels implicitly (players are unaware) or explicitly (players are aware) has an influence on the fun experienced. We found that players who lost a game felt more successful in the balanced game compared to the unbalanced game. The balanced game also offered the players more fun experience than they expected beforehand. Finally, players preferred to play an explicitly balanced game because it increased the feeling of effort and challenge.

Kuo, B-C, Chuang, C-H, Huang, C-S & Hung, C-C 2009, 'A NONPARAMETRIC CONTEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MARKOV RANDOM FIELDS', 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING, 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing, IEEE, Grenoble, FRANCE, pp. 135-+.

Kuo, B-C, Chuang, C-H, Li, C-H & Lin, C-T 2009, 'SUBSPACE SELECTION BASED MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION', 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING, 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing, IEEE, Grenoble, FRANCE, pp. 211-+.

Lakemeyer, G, Morgenstern, L & Williams, MA 2009, 'Preface', Commonsense 2009 - Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning.

Lee, CY, Lin, CT & Hong, CT 2009, 'Spatio-temporal analysis in smoke detection', ICSIPA09 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications, Conference Proceedings, pp. 80-83.
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Smoke detection in video surveillance images has been studied for years. However, given an image in open or large spaces with typical smoke and the disturbance of commonly moving objects such as pedestrians or vehicles, robust and efficient smoke detection is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a novel and reliable framework for automatic smoke detection. It exploits three features: edge blurring, the gradual change of energy and the gradual change of chromatic configuration. In order to gain proper generalization ability with respect to sparse training samples, the three features are combined using a support vector machine based classifier. This system has been run more than 6 hours in various conditions to verify the reliability of fire safety in the real world.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC & Barin, E 2009, 'Trial Results of a Novel Cardiac Rhythm Management System using Smart Phones and wireless ECG Sensors', Proceedings of the 7th International Conf. On Smart homes and health Telematics. ICOST 09, International Conference On Smart homes and health Telematics, LNCS Springer, Tours, France, pp. 32-39.
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This paper discusses the trial results of a personalised Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) system using a smart phone (PDA) and a wireless ECG sensor. The system is used in a trial to record and diagnose abnormal cardiac arrhythmias. This novel approach uses standard mobile phones, off-the-shelf ECG sensors and personalised feedback to the patient when compared to a conventional clinical Holter and event monitor systems. The preliminary results are discussed of an ongoing trial conducted with the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney Australia. The results indicate the viability of the system for commercial purposes.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC, Lawrence, EM & Barin, E 2009, 'A PDA-based software interface for remote vital sign monitoring: initial clinical experience', Europace 2009 Vol 11 (suppl 1) Pg 163, CardioRhythm, Europace, Hong Kong, pp. 163-164.

Leong, T & Brynskov, M 2009, 'Confessions: Engaging with Values through Urban Conversations', 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design, ACM Press, Melbourne, pp. 209-216.

Leong, TW & Brynskov, M 2009, 'CO2nfession: Engaging with values through urban conversations', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group - Design: Open 24/7, OZCHI '09, pp. 209-216.
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It has been suggested that future directions of HCI would need to place human values at its core. One approach towards this complex endeavor is to build an understanding of these values through examining systems designed to address them. This paper focuses on an urban installation - -CO2nfession/ CO2mmitment - -that deals with one such (societal) value: environmental sustainability. Designed to solicit personal opinions about climate change, we found the 'confessional' aspect of the installation encouraged strong reflexivity amongst 'users' with regards to this value and precipitated personal considerations about future actions. More importantly this reflexivity exposes people's lived and felt experiences about this societal value, unearthing their ambivalences, hindrances but also motivations. This installation highlights an alternate approach that can complement current efforts without taking a 'big stick' approach. Instead, urban media technologies can be harnessed to engage people with this value on their own terms, through encouraging conversations and supporting reflexivity. © ACM 2009.

Li, J, Wang, J & Huang, M 2009, 'XKMis: effective and efficient keyword search in XML databases', International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (IDEAS 2009), International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series ACM Press 2009, Cetraro, Calabria, Italy, pp. 121-130.
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We present XKMis, a system for keyword search in xml documents. Unlike previous work, our method is not based on the lowest common ancestor (LCA) or its variant, rather we divide the nodes into meaningful and self-containing in- formation segments, called minimal information segments (MISs), and return MIS-subtrees which consist of MISs that are logically connected by the keywords. The MIS-subtrees are closer to what the user wants. The MIS-subtrees enable us to use the region code of xml trees to develop an algorithm for the search which is more efficient especially for large xml trees. We report our experiment results, which verify the better effectiveness and efficiency of our system.

Li, K, Zhou, W & Li, P 2009, 'Reliable downloading algorithms for BitTorrent-like systems', NPC 2009 - 6th International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, pp. 167-173.
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In this paper we study a reliable downloading algorithm for BitTorrent-like systems, and attest it in mathematics. BitTorrent-like systems have become immensely popular peer-to-peer file distribution tools in the internet in recent years. We analyze them in theory and point out some of their limitations especially in reliability, and propose an algorithm to resolve these problems by using the redundant copies in neighbors in P2P networks and can further optimize the downloading speed in some condition. Our preliminary simulations show that the proposed reliable algorithm works well; the improved BitTorrent-like systems are very stable and reliable. © 2009 IEEE.

Li, K, Zhou, W, Li, P, Hai, J & Liu, J 2009, 'Distinguishing DDoS attacks from flash crowds using probability metrics', NSS 2009 - Network and System Security, pp. 9-17.
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Both Flash crowds and DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attacks have very similar properties in terms of internet traffic, however Flash crowds are legitimate flows and DDoS attacks are illegitimate flows, and DDoS attacks have been a serious threat to internet security and stability. In this paper we propose a set of novel methods using probability metrics to distinguish DDoS attacks from Flash crowds effectively, and our simulations show that the proposed methods work well. In particular, these mathods can not only distinguish DDoS attacks from Flash crowds clearly, but also can distinguish the anomaly flow being DDoS attacks flow or being Flash crowd flow from Normal network flow effectively. Furthermore, we show our proposed hybrid probability metrics can greatly reduce both false positive and false negative rates in detection. © 2009 IEEE.

Li, K, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Dai, B 2009, 'Effective ddos attacks detection using generalized entropy metric', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 266-280.
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In information theory, entropies make up of the basis for distance and divergence measures among various probability densities. In this paper we propose a novel metric to detect DDoS attacks in networks by using the function of order α of the generalized (Rényi) entropy to distinguish DDoS attacks traffic from legitimate network traffic effectively. Our proposed approach can not only detect DDoS attacks early (it can detect attacks one hop earlier than using the Shannon metric while order α=2, and two hops earlier to detect attacks while order α=10.) but also reduce both the false positive rate and the false negative rate clearly compared with the traditional Shannon entropy metric approach. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Li, L, Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 2009, 'Enhancing Web Search by Aggregating Results of Related Web Queries', Web Information Systems Engineering - WISE 2009 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Web Information Systems Engineering - WISE 2009, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Poznan, Poland, pp. 203-217.
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Currently, commercial search engines have implemented methods to suggest alternative Web queries to users, which helps them specify alternative related queries in pursuit of finding needed Web pages. In this paper, we address the Web search problem on related queries to improve retrieval quality by devising a novel search rank aggregation mechanism. Given an initial query and the suggested related queries, our search system concurrently processes their search result lists from an existing search engine and then forms a single list aggregated by all the retrieved lists. In particular we propose a generic rank aggregation framework which considers not only the number of wins that an item won in a competition, but also the quality of its competitor items in calculat- ing the ranking of Web items. The framework combines the traditional and random walk based rank aggregation methods to produce a more reasonable list to users. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can clearly improve the retrieval quality in a parallel man- ner over the traditional search strategy that serially returns result lists. Moreover, we also empirically investigate how different rank aggregation methods affect the retrieval performance.

Liang, SF, Liu, CS, Chang, WL, Tsao, YH, Ko, LW & Lin, CT 2009, 'Assessment of musical training induced neuroplasticity by auditory event related potentials and neural networks', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1797-1801.
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Music provides a tool to study numerous aspects of neuroscience from motion-skill to emotion since listening to and producing music involves many brain functions. The musician's brain is also regarded as an ideal model to investigate plasticity of the human brain. In this paper, an EEG-based neural network is proposed to assess neuroplasticity induced by musical training. A musical chord perception experiment is designed to acquire and compare the behavioral and neural responses of musicians and non-musicians. The ERPs elicited by the consonant and dissonant chords are combined together as the features of the model. The principle component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce feature dimensions and the dimension-reduced features are input to a feedforward neural network to recognize the brain potentials belong to a musician or a non-musician. The accuracy can reach 97% in average for leave-one-out cross validation of six subjects in this experiment. It demonstrates the feasibility of assessing effects of musical training by ERP signals elicited by musical chord perception. © 2009 IEEE.

Liao, L-D, Chao, PC-P, Chen, J-T, Chen, W-D, Hsu, W-H, Chiu, C-W & Lin, C-T 2009, 'A Miniaturized Electromagnetic Generator With Planar Coils and Its Energy Harvest Circuit', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, International Magnetics Conference 2009 (INTERMAG), IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, Sacramento, CA, pp. 4621-4627.
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Liao, L-D, Chao, PC-P, Chen, Y-H, Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Lin, H-H & Hsu, W-H 2009, 'A Novel Hybrid Bioelectrode Module for the Zero-Prep EEG Measurements', 2009 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1-3, 8th IEEE Conference on Sensors, IEEE, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 939-942.
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Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Chang, C-J, Wang, Y-T, Chung, C-H, Yang, F-S, Duann, J-R, Jung, T-P & Chiou, J-C 2009, 'Wearable and Wireless Brain-Computer Interface and Its Applications', FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, San Diego, CA, pp. 741-748.

Lin, C-T, Yang, F-S, Chiou, T-C, Ko, L-W, Duann, J-R & Gramann, K 2009, 'EEG-based Spatial Navigation Estimation in a Virtual Reality Driving Environment', 2009 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, 9th IEEE International Conference on BioInformatics and BioEngineering, IEEE, Taichung, TAIWAN, pp. 435-+.

Lister, R & Box, I 2009, 'A citation analysis of the AUIC 2006 - 2008 proceedings, with reference to the CORE conference and journal rankings', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, pp. 35-44.
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This paper compares the CORE rankings of computing conferences and journals to the frequency of citation of those journals and conferences in the Australasian User Interface Conference (AUIC) 2006, 2007 and 2008 proceedings. The assumption underlying this study is that there should be a positive relationship between citation rates and the CORE rankings. Our analysis shows that CORE conference and journal rankings broadly reflect the AUIC citations, but we note some anomalies. While these anomalies might be minor in the larger scheme of things, any anomalies need to be addressed, as the careers of individual academics may depend upon it. The concept of conference and journal rankings is probably here to stay, and this paper ends with some suggestions on how the rankings process should now evolve, so that it becomes more transparent. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Lister, RF & Box, I 2009, 'A Citation Analysis of the ACSC 2006-2008 Proceedings, with Reference to the CORE Conference and Journal Rankings', 32nd Australasian Computer Science Conference: Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Australasian Computer Science Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 7-16.
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Abstract: This paper compares the CORE rankings of computing conferences and journals to the frequency of citation of those journals and conferences in the Australasian Computer Science Conference (ACSC) 2006, 2007 and 2008 proceedings. The assumption underlying this study is that there should be a positive relationship between citation rates and the CORE rankings. Our analysis shows that the CORE rankings broadly reflect the ACSC citations, but with some anomalies. While these anomalies might be minor in the larger scheme of things, anomalies need to be addressed, as the careers of individual academics may depend upon it. Rankings are probably here to stay, and this paper ends with some suggestions on how the rankings process should now evolve, so that it becomes more transparent.

Lister, RF & Box, I 2009, 'A Citation Analysis of the ICER 2005-07 Proceedings', Eleventh Australasian Computing Education Conference Vol 31, No 5, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 119-128.
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Abstract: This paper identifies the most commonly cited conferences, journals and books of the 43 papers within the first three ICER proceedings. A large array of conferences, journals, and books were cited. However, only a small set of journals and conferences were cited frequently, and the majority were only cited within a single paper, which is consistent with a power law distribution, as predicted by Zipf's Law. The most commonly cited books are concerned with education in general (29%) or psychology (20%), while 17% of books are concerned with computer science education and 12% with computing content. The citation results for ICER are contrasted with earlier published citation analyses of SIGCSE 2007 and ACE2005-07.

Lister, RF, Fidge, CF & Teague, D 2009, 'Further Evidence of a Relationship between Explaining, Tracing and Writing Skills in Introductory Programming', 14th annual ACM SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, Paris, France, pp. 161-165.
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ABSTRACT: This paper reports on a replication of earlier studies into a possible hierarchy of programming skills. In this study, the students from whom data was collected were at a university that had not provided data for earlier studies. Also, the students were taught the programming language "Python", which had not been used in earlier studies. Thus this study serves as a test of whether the findings in the earlier studies were specific to certain institutions, student cohorts, and programming languages. Also, we used a non-parametric approach to the analysis, rather than the linear approach of earlier studies. Our results are consistent with the earlier studies. We found that students who cannot trace code usually cannot explain code, and also that students who tend to perform reasonably well at code writing tasks have also usually acquired the ability to both trace code and explain code.

Litchfield, AJ, Raban, R, Dyson, LE, Leigh, EE & Tyler, JV 2009, 'Using Students' Devices and a No-To-Low Cost online Tool to Support Interactive Experiential mLearning', IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, IEEE Computer Society, Riga latvia, pp. 674-678.
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The rapid evolution and ubiquitous use of mobile devices is an historical opportunity to improve experiential interactivity in education practices to support deep learning. A major barrier to the widespread adoption of mLearning in higher education is that of cost. Usage charges and the cost of mobile hardware are key issues. Opportunities to overcome this barrier include the high rate of ownership of mobile phones by university students and technological solutions such as packet transmission technologies. The paper introduces mInteract, a system which uses packet technology (mobile WAP/WML) to build no-to-low cost interactivity into learning spaces. The online tool supports active experiential learning transactions for both student and teacher. In 2008 mInteract was trialled in a subject with large numbers. Focus group feedback is presented that indicates high levels of engagement with both users and non-users of the tool.

Lu, J, Shambour, Q & Zhang, G 2009, 'Recommendation Technique-based Government-to-Business Personalized e-Services', 2009 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY, Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society, IEEE, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 404-409.

Lu, J, Shambour, QY & Zhang, G 2009, 'Recommendation Technique-based Government-to-Business Personalized E-services', The 28th North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society Annual Conference (NAFIPS2009), North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, pp. 1-6.
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One of the new directions in current e-government development is to provide personalized online services to citizens and businesses. Recommendation techniques can bring a possible solution for this issue. This study proposes a hybrid recommendation approach to provide personalized government to business (G2B) e-services. The approach integrates fuzzy setsbased semantic similarity and traditional item-based collaborative filtering methods to improve recommendation accuracy. A recommender system named Intelligent Business Partner Locator (IBPL) is designed to apply the proposed recommendation approach for supporting government agencies to recommend business partners.

Lu, P, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'An Integrated Knowledge Adaption Framework for Case-based Reasoning Systems', Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Vol 5712, International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer, Santiago, Chile, pp. 372-379.
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The development of effective knowledge adaption techniques is one of the promising solutions to improve the performance of case-based reasoning (CBR) systems. Case-base maintenance becomes a powerful method to refine knowledge in CBR systems. This paper proposes an integrated knowledge adaption framework for CBR systems which contains a meta database component and a maintenance strategies component. The meta database component can help track changes of interested concepts and therefore enable a CBR system to signal a need for maintenance or to invoke adaption on its own. The maintenance strategies component can perform cross-container maintenance operations in a CBR system. This paper also illustrates how the proposed integrated knowledge adaption framework assists decision makers to build dynamic prediction and decision capabilities.

Lu, P, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Maintaining Footprint-Based Retrieval for Case Deletion', Neural Information Processing: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol 5864, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 318-325.
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The effectiveness and efficiency of case-based reasoning (CBR) systems depend largely on the success of case-based retrieval. The case-base maintenance (CBM) issues become imperative and important especially for modern societies. This paper proposes a new competence model and a new maintenance procedure for the proposed competence model. Based on the proposed competence maintenance procedure, footprint-based retrieval (FBR), a competence-based case base retrieval method, is able to preserve its own retrieval effectiveness and efficiency.

Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2009, 'An approximate reasoning based linguistic multi-criteria group decision-making method', International Conference on Quantitative Logic and Quantification of Software, Quantitative Logic and Quantification of Software, Global-Link Publisher, Shanghai, China, pp. 145-156.
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Ma, J, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Ruan, D 2009, 'Impute missing assessments by opinion clustering in multi-criteria group decision making problems', The 13th IFSA World Congress and the 6th Conference of EUSFLAT, IFSA World Congress, IFSA/EUSFLAT, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 555-560.
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Multi-criteria group decision-making and evaluation (MCGDME) method typically aggregates information in evaluation tables. For various reasons, evaluation tables (decision matrix) often include missing data that highly affect correct decision-making and evaluation. Most existing imputation methods of missing data are based on statistical features which do not exist in an MCGDME setting. This paper proposes an imputation method of missing data (IMD) in evaluation tables. The IMD method measures the similarity betweent two evaluators' mental models. Evaluators are then classed into several groups based on their similarities by using fuzzy clustering methods.

MacDougall, C, Percival, J & McGregor, C 2009, 'Integrating Health Information Technology into Clinical Guidelines', 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20, Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 4646-+.
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McGregor, C & Smith, KP 2009, 'A survey of physiological monitoring data models to support the service of critical care', Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference, pp. 104-109.
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Vast quantities of data is created by utilizing sensors to gather information from patients located in intensive care units worldwide through physiological monitoring. The service oriented architectural model has emerged as a mechanism to support data interchange in a structured way to support the provision of services. The nature of critical care is such that clinicians provide a service of care, often to patients that are not located within their intensive care unit, and prior to the arrangement of transport to their unit. As a result opportunities exist to utilize the service oriented approach to provide a service of critical care. This research presents a survey of how recent computing and IT research as applied to physiological collection, transmission and storage of physiological data utilizes the service of critical care concept based on a service oriented architecture approach. © 2009 IEEE.

McGregor, C, Smith, KP & Eklund, JM 2009, 'A survey of recent physiological monitoring and transmission to support the service of critical care', Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems.
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Vast quantities of data is sensed from patients located in intensive care units worldwide through physiological monitoring. In recent times the service oriented architectural model has emerged as a mechanism to providing a structured computing approach to support the provision of services. The nature of critical care is such that clinicians provide a service of care, often to patients that are not located within their intensive care unit. As a result opportunities exist to utilize the service oriented approach to provide a service of critical care. This research presents a survey of recent computing research as applied to physiological collection and transmission to support intelligent patient monitoring using the service of critical care concept based on a service oriented architecture approach. ©2009 IEEE.

Musial, K & Juszczyszyn, K 2009, 'Motif-based Analysis of Social Position Influence on Interconnection Patterns in Complex Social Network', 2009 FIRST ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND DATABASE SYSTEMS, 1st Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, IEEE, Dong Hoi, VIETNAM, pp. 34-39.
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Musial, K & Juszczyszyn, K 2009, 'Properties of Bridge Nodes in Social Networks', COMPUTATIONAL COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: SEMANTIC WEB, SOCIAL NETWORKS AND MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS, 1st International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Wroclaw, POLAND, pp. 357-364.

Musial, K, Juszczyszyn, K, Gabrys, B & Kazienko, P 2008, 'Patterns of Interactions in Complex Social Networks Based on Coloured Motifs Analysis', ADVANCES IN NEURO-INFORMATION PROCESSING, PT II, 15th International Conference on Neuro-Information Processing, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 607-+.

Musiał, K, Kazienko, P & Bródka, P 2009, 'User position measures in social networks', Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Social Network Mining and Analysis, SNA-KDD '09.
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Network analysis offers many centrality measures that are successfully utilized in the process of investigating the social network profile. The most important and representative measures are presented in the paper. It includes indegree centrality, proximity prestige, rank prestige, node position, outdegree centrality, eccentrality, closeness centrality, and betweenes centrality. Both feature analysis and experimental comparative studies revealed the general profile of selected measures.

Ngo, L, Zhou, W, Chonka, A & Singh, J 2009, 'Assessing the level of I.T. security culture improvement: Results from three Australian SMEs', IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), pp. 3189-3195.
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Transitioning towards an improved I.T. security culture that fosters desired I.T. security behaviour and attitudes in individuals is pertinent to any organizational I.T. security strategy. To improve the current I.T. security culture of an organization and its members, an initial assessment covering four core questions was necessary to determine how much of an improvement was needed. The assessments and data collection techniques and corresponding results and findings are presented and discussed. The implications of this research will be of great benefit to both practitioners wanting to improve I.T. security culture and awareness in their organization, and will help to fill the lack empirical research within the academic field of I.T. security. ©2009 IEEE.

Nguyen, Q & Huang, M 2009, 'Large Scale Network Analysis with Interactive Visualisation', Sixth International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization: New Advances and Trends, CGIV 2009, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE Computer Society, Tianjin, China, pp. 467-472.
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This paper proposes a new interactive visualization for analyzing large hierarchical structures and networks. The technique combines of different graph layout methods with a layout refinement process, an interactive navigation mechanism and clustering algorithms. The integration of these components makes it flexible in dealing with a variety of graph and hierarchical structures. Interactive exploration is enabled with chain-context view. We aim to provide user with an effective mechanism for understanding of the nature of various networks. This could lead to the discovering and revealing of the hidden structures and relationships among elements as well as relationships associated with the elements.

Nguyen, T & Lu, H 2009, 'Experimental Investigation of PSO Based Web User Session Clustering', The International Conference on SOft Computing and PAttern Recognition, International Conference on Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition, IEEE Computer Society, Malacca, Malaysia, pp. 647-652.
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Web user session clustering is very important in web usage mining for web personalization. This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based sequence clustering approach and presents an experimentally investigation of the PSO based sequence clustering methods, which use three original PSO variants and their corresponding variants of a hybrid PSO with real value mutation. The investigation was conducted in 45 test cases using five web user session datasets extracted from a real world web site. The experimental results of these methods are compared with the results obtained from the traditional k-means clustering method. Some interesting observations have been made. In the most of test cases under consideration, the PSO and PSO-RVM methods have better performance than the k-means method. Furthermore, the PSO-RVM methods show better performance than the corresponding PSO methods in the cases in which the similarity measure function is more complex.

Novianto, R & Williams, M 2009, 'The Role of Attention in Robot Self-Awareness', Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2009. RO-MAN 2009. The 18th IEEE International Symposium on, IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, IEEE, Toyama, pp. 1047-1053.
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A robot may not be truly self-aware even though it can have some characteristics of self-awareness, such as having emotional states or the ability to recognize itself in the mirror. We define self-awareness in robots to be characterized by the capacity to direct attention toward their own mental state. This paper explores robot self-awareness and the role that attention plays in the achievement self-awareness. We propose a new attention based approach to self-awareness called ASMO and conduct a comparative analysis of approaches that highlights the innovation and benefits of ASMO. We then describe how our attention based self-awareness can be designed and used to develop self-awareness in state-of-the-art humanoidal robots.

Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2009, 'Non-linear analysis of brake squeal', 16th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2009, ICSV 2009, pp. 1116-1123.
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Transportation noise has received increasingly more attention in the last decade from the environmental point of view but also from customers. In the case of cars, manufacturers have focussed on reducing the overall car's noise level. As a result, engine, gearboxes and the overall drive train have seen a reduction sound emission. Because of this overall reduction, brake squeal becomes even more audible. Brake squeal is a constant annoyance for customers and a significant cost factor for the car industry due to warranty claims. Brake squeal is self-sustained friction-induced noise and various mechanisms have been shown to be capable of causing unstable vibration behaviour, for example, sprag-slip, stick-slip or mode coupling. Usually disc brake squeal is analysed by means of linear methods such as the complex eigenvalue method employed in finite element analysis as virtually an industry standard. However, brake squeal is intrinsically a transient and non-linear process, the geometry is complex, the material properties and contact conditions between brake pads and the brake disc are difficult to be determined exactly. As a result, prediction of brake squeal propensity is difficult to be realised in the near future. In this study, a new approach to brake squeal is undertaken by performing non-linear time series analysis of data obtained from an accelerometer and a microphone of a brake system in a dynamometer. New insight into brake squeal will be discussed.

Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2009, 'Numerical prediction of brake squeal propensity using acoustic power calculation', Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society 2009 - Acoustics 2009: Research to Consulting, pp. 111-118.
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Both low- and high-frequency disc brake squeal, first studied some 80 years ago, remain of concern to automotive NVH departments due to customer warranty claims. Despite both intensive and extensive research, disc brake squeal is still not well understood. It is a very complex problem which involves many different disciplines, such as tribology, structural vibration, acoustic radiation and dynamic instabilities. While there has been considerable research in the first two areas (tribology and vibration analysis), the prediction of brake squeal through acoustic radiation calculations using numerical methods has remained largely unexplored. In this paper, the influence of the geometrical designs of brake pad on brake squeal is studied using a simplified brake setup consisting of an annular disc in contact with one brake pad. The various configurations of a brake pad studied here has been influenced by those used in the industrial testing of a full brake system. In this study, unstable vibration modes were first identified by the conventional complex eigenvalue analysis of a finite element model of the simplified brake system. Then, the acoustic power was calculated for a range of frequencies and friction coefficients using the acoustic boundary element method. It is shown that the performance of the various pads, in terms of brake squeal propensity caused by their geometric differences, could be ranked based on contour plots of acoustic power with friction coefficient and frequency as the independent variables. These results indicate that the inclusion of acoustic power calculations, following a complex eigenvalue analysis of unstable vibration modes, provides improved prediction of brake squeal propensity.

Parvin, S, Ali, S, Singh, J, Hussain, FK & Han, S 2009, 'Towards DOS Attack Prevention Based On Clustering Architecture In Mobile IP Communication', IECON: 2009 35th Annual Conference Of IEEE Industrial Electronics, Vols 1-6, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Porto, Portugal, pp. 3007-3012.
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Mobile IP communication, like wired communication and mobile ad hoc networking, is vulnerable to Denial-of-Service (DOS) attacks. In this paper, we propose using a lightweight packet filtering technique in different domains and base stations to reduce/el

Petrelli, D, van den Hoven, E & Whittaker, S 2009, 'Making History: Intentional Capture of Future Memories', Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'09), CHI 2009 - Digital Life New World, ACM, Boston, USA, pp. 1723-1732.
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'Lifelogging' technology makes it possible to amass digital data about every aspect of our everyday lives. Instead of focusing on such technical possibilities, here we investigate the way people compose long-term mnemonic representations of their lives. We asked 10 families to create a time capsule, a collection of objects used to trigger remembering in the distant future. Our results show that contrary to the lifelogging view, people are less interested in exhaustively digitally recording their past than in reconstructing it from carefully selected cues that are often physical objects. Time capsules were highly expressive and personal, many objects were made explicitly for inclusion, however with little object annotation. We use these findings to propose principles for designing technology that supports the active reconstruction of our future past.

Pollatos, O & Gramann, K 2009, 'DIFFERENCES IN THE CENTRAL PROCESSING AND VOLUNTARY REGULATION OF EMOTIONS IN ALEXITHYMIA - AN EEG STUDY', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, Berlin, GERMANY, pp. S159-S159.

Raza, M, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'Quality measures for digital business ecosystems formation', Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, pp. 118-121.
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To execute a complex business task, business entities may need to collaborate with each other as individually they may not have the capability or willingness to perform the task on its own. Such collaboration can be seen implemented in digital business ecosystems in the form of simple coalitions using multi-agent systems or by employing Electronic Institutions. A major challenge is choosing optimal partners who will deliver the agreed commitments, and act in the coalition's interest. Business entities are scaled according to their quality level. Determining the quality of previously unknown business entities and predicting the quality of such an entity in a dynamic environment are crucial issues in Business Ecosystems. A comprehensive quality management system grounded in the concepts of Trust and Reputation can help address these issues. © 2009 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Smith, ST, Talaei-Khoei, A & Ray, M 2009, 'Electronic Games for Aged Care and Rehabilitation', 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, 2009., International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 42-47.
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The declining cognitive and motor abilities has become a major problem in the health care of the elderly, often leading to potentially fatal falls. Current rehabilitation strategies to address this issue include routine physiotherapy which is often dull and boring for the patient, leading to poor adherence. In recent years, the use of video games in physical therapy has reportedly had a positive affect on rehabilitation strategies. We propose using a modified version of a music video game, dance dance revolution (DDR), to motivate the elderly and increase adherence to rehabilitation. We also present the design of a mobile monitoring system which allows the health professional to monitor the patient's progress.

Talaei-Khoei, A, Ray, P & Parameswaran, N 2009, 'An Awareness Framework for Agent-based Mobile Health Monitoring', THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION MOBILE APPLICATIONS, SERVICES, AND TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS, 3rd International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services, and Technologies, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Wales Millennium Ctr, Cardiff, WALES, pp. 108-113.
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Talaei-Khoei, A, Ray, PK & Parameswaran, N 2009, 'A Proposed Research for Conceptual Modeling of Policy-Based Mobile Agent Groups', Third Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation, 2009. AMS '09., Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation, IEEE, Bali, pp. 13-18.
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Mobile agents are increasingly play significant role in distributed information systems. This article addresses the problem that happens when a mobile agent leaves a group and wants to join another one. Therefore, it has to follow different polices which may have conflicts with its own requirements. The paper studies the problem from cooperative management point of view and goes to the technological level. The multi-disciplinary nature of this problem makes the conceptualization beneficial to build a mutual understanding of the situation and recognize policy conflicts. Our research question specifies how to recognize conflicts between requirements of the agent and policies of locations, where it recently has moved. The paper discusses about a proposed research to build a meta-model for conceptual modeling of this situation that should cover agency

Talaei-Khoei, A, Ray, PK & Parameswaran, N 2009, 'Awareness Behavioral Modelling for Fault Management of Agent-Based Computer Supported Cooperative Work', International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, 2009., International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, IEEE, Brno, pp. 1-5.
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Distributed software systems enable enterprise-wide computing using business applications installed in different geographical areas. The complexity of distribution in this type of software highlights the significance of managing cooperation between distributed nodes. Computer supported cooperative work (cscw) transfers business requirements for cooperation to computer-based technical solutions. In such dynamic and distributed systems, when exceptional faults occur - cooperation is hard to achieve without enough knowledge about the context, which is called awareness. The dynamic nature of distributed software systems directs us to use agents for management purposes. In this paper, we propose a behavioral model of awareness that agents need to possess for effective fault management while they are engaged in cooperative work. The main contribution of this paper is presented through an example scenario in network management.

Tavoukjian, A & Johnston, AJ 2009, 'Neural Networks and Evolutionary Algorithms in Music Composition', Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Music Conference, Australasian Computer Music Conference, Australasian Computer Music Association, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 72-78.
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In this paper we describe a system developed to generate short musical phrases in the same style as a set of training melodies. The system uses an ensemble of neural networks to rate the similarity of a generated musical phrase to a set of human composed phrases. Given this rating a genetic algorithm is used to effectively 'search' for other similar phrases. Preliminary evaluations indicate that the proposed approach shows promise. A limitation of the system is the relatively simple representation of musical phrases employed and the processing time required to use this technique on longer phrases.

Tian, B, Chang, E, Dillon, TS, Han, S & Hussain, FK 2009, 'An Authenticated Self-healing Key Distribution Scheme Based On Bilinear Pairings', 2009 6th IEEE Consumer Communications And Networking Conference, Vols 1 And 2, IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 1061-1065.
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Self-healing key distribution mechanism can be utilized for distributing session keys over an unreliable network. A self-healing key distribution scheme using bilinear pairings is proposed in this paper. As far as we know, it is the first pairing-based a

Toellner, T, Mueller, H, Poizner, H, Makeig, S & Gramann, K 2009, 'ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF MANUAL POINTING IN VISUALLY GUIDED COMPOUND SEARCH', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, Berlin, GERMANY, pp. S118-S119.

Venables, A, Tan, G & Lister, RF 2009, 'A Closer Look at Tracing, Explaining and Code Writing Skills in the Novice Programmer', Fifth International Computing Education Research Workshop, International Computing Education Research Workshop, Association for Computing Machinery, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 117-128.
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Abstract: The way in which novice programmers learn to write code is of considerable interest to computing education researchers. One research approach to understanding how beginners acquire their programming abilities has been to look at student performance in exams. Lopez et al. (2008) analyzed student responses to an end-of-first-semester exam. They found two types of questions accounted for 46% of the variance on the code writing portion of the same exam. One of those types of question required students to trace iterative code, while the other type required students to explain what a piece of code did. In this paper, we investigate whether the results by Lopez et al. may be generally indicative of something about novice programmers, or whether their results are just an artifact of their particular exam. We studied student responses to our own exam and our results are broadly consistent with Lopez et al. However, we did find that some aspects of their model are sensitive to the particular exam questions used. Specifically, we found that student performance on explaining code was hard to characterize, and the strength of the relationship between explaining and code writing is particularly sensitive to the specific questions asked. Additionally, we found Lopez et al.'s use of a Rasch model to be unnecessary, which will make it far easier for others to conduct similar research.

Wee, H, Lu, J, Zhang, G, Chiao, H & Gao, Y 2009, 'A decision making model for vendor-buyer inventory systems', Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing: Lecture Notes In Artificial Intelligence; Vol. 5908, International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing, Springer, Delhi, India, pp. 336-343.
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In a vendor-buyer supply chain, the buyer's economic order quantity and the vendor's optimal number of deliveries are derived either independently or collaboratively. In this paper, we establish a two-stage vendor-buyer inventory system decision model by using bi-level decision making approach. The experimental result shows that the proposed bi-level decision model can effectively handle two-stage vendor-buyer inventory problems and obtain better results than the existing methods.

Whalley, J & Lister, RF 2009, 'The BRACElet 2009.1 (Wellington) Specification', Eleventh Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 9-18.
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Abstract: BRACElet is a multi-institutional computer education research study of novice programmers. The project is open to new members. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) provide potential new members with an overview of BRACElet, and (2) specify the common core for the next data collection cycle. In this paper, BRACElet is taking the unusual step of making its study design public before data is collected. We invite anyone to run their own study using our study design, and publish their findings, irrespective of whether they formally join BRACElet. We look forward to reading their paper.

Williams, M 2009, 'Evidence Transmutations: Gathering Admissible Evidence using Belief Revision', Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ACM, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 216-217.
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In this paper we explore the potential of using extended belief change operators for modeling the evolution of legal evidence. We introduce a new representation, an evidence structure that can be used to support rich change operators called transmutations. Evidence structures and transmutations support the iterated nature of evidence gathering and acquisition. Importantly reliability is maintained during transmutations and modified where necessary using the Principle of Minimal Change. We establish that this process possesses desirable properties; in particular we construct transmutations that do not assume logical omniscience and that satisfy the widely accepted AGM rationality postulates for revision and contraction but at the same time preserve a key value of the evidence, its reliability.

Williams, M 2009, 'Privacy Management, the Law & Business Strategies: A Case for Privacy Driven Design', International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, IEEE Press, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 60-68.
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This paper explores the adage that good privacy is good business. Businesses, like social networks, often seek to create value from personal information and monetize it. Unlocking and harvesting value embedded in personal information can lead to disclosure of private and sensitive information, and subsequent harm. Personal information management practices can be a means to competitive and strategic advantage, however they are also subject to privacy law. We explore the underlying tension between transparency and disclosure in the privacy verses business strategy in the pursuit of innovation arena, and argue that in order achieve sustained innovation next generation applications and services will require a fresh imaginative and strategic privacy by design approach. Personal information management is a complex task and cannot be adequately achieved without significant attention and commitment to privacy requirements in systems analysis and design. Due to the potential power, magnitude, complexity and scope of web technologies there is a pressing need to understand privacy requirements better, and to invest in developing tools and techniques for modeling, analyzing, designing and building more effective personal information management systems that seek consent where appropriate and that offer users natural choices and sophisticated mechanisms for controlling their personal information.

Williams, M & Elliot, S 2009, 'Strategic Treasury Risk Management in Uncertain and Changing Environments', Strategic Management Society Conference, Strategic Management Society, Washington, USA.

Williams, MA 2009, 'Privacy management, the law and global business strategies: A case for privacy driven design', AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report, pp. 71-79.
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This paper is based on the adage that 'goodprivacy is good business'. Personal information holds significant value and web based businesses often seek to monetize that value. Unlocking personal information value in web based businesses, like social networks, can lead to disclosure of private and sensitive information, and subsequent harm. Personal information management business practices are subject to privacy law, but perhaps more importantly practices that protect personal information can be a means to competitive advantage, and as a result they can form the basis of effective business strategy. We explore the underlying tension between transparency and disclosure in the privacy verses business strategy arena, and argue that the next generation of web businesses based on powerful Web 3.0 applications and services will demand a privacy by design approach, rather than addressing privacy concerns as an afterthought. Due to the potential power, magnitude, complexity and scope of Web 3.0 there is a need to use sophisticated technology-enabled approaches to assist users to monitor and manage personal information and its usage in a more transparent proactive fashion. Copyright © 2009, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.

Yang, S, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y & Lin, X 2008, 'Probabilistic Threshold Range Aggregate Query Processing over Uncertain Data', ADVANCES IN DATA AND WEB MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS, Joint International Conference on Asia-Pacific Web Conference (APWeb)/Web-Age Information Management (WAIM 2009), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Suzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 51-+.

Ye, D, Bai, Q, Zhang, M, Khin Than, W & Shen, Z 2009, 'An efficient task allocation protocol for P2P multi-agent systems', Proceedings - 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, ISPA 2009, pp. 11-18.
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Recently, task allocation in multi-agent systems has been investigated by many researchers. Some researchers suggested to have a central controller which has a global view about the environment to allocate tasks. Although centralized control brings convenience during task allocation processes, it also has some obvious weaknesses. Firstly, a central controller plays an important role in a multi-agent system, but task allocation procedures will break down if the central controller of a system cannot work properly. Secondly, centralized multiagent architecture is not suitable for distributed working environments. In order to overcome some limitations caused by centralized control, some researchers proposed distributed task allocation protocols. They supposed that each agent has a limited local view about its direct linked neighbors, and can allocate tasks to its neighbors. However, only involving direct linked neighbors could limit resource origins, so that the task allocation efficiency will be greatly reduced. In this paper, we propose an efficient task allocation protocol for P2P multi-agent systems. This protocol allows not only neighboring agents but also indirect linked agents in the system to help with a task if needed. Through this way, agents can achieve more efficient and robust task allocations in loosely coupled distributed environments (e.g. P2P multi-agent systems). A set of experiments are presented in this paper to evaluate the efficiency and adaptability of the protocol. The experiment result shows that the protocol can work efficiently in different situations.

Ye, Z, Shi, W & Ye, D 2009, 'DDoS defense using TCP-IP header analysis and proactive tests', Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science, ITCS 2009, pp. 548-552.
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To defend against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, one critical issue is to effectively isolate the attack traffic from the normal ones. A novel DDoS defense scheme based on TCP-IP Header Analysis and Proactive Tests (THAPT) is hereby proposed. Unlike most of the previous DDoS defense schemes that are passive in nature, the proposal uses proactive tests to identify and isolate the malicious traffic. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. © 2009 IEEE.

Yu, S, Thapngam, T, Liu, J, Wei, S & Zhou, W 2009, 'Discriminating DDoS flows from flash crowds using information distance', NSS 2009 - Network and System Security, pp. 351-356.
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Discriminating DDoS flooding attacks from flash crowds poses a tough challenge for the network security community. Because of the vulnerability of the original design of the Internet, attackers can easily mimic the patterns of legitimate network traffic to fly under the radar. The existing fingerprint or feature based algorithms are incapable to detect new attack strategies. In this paper, we aim to differentiate DDoS attack flows from flash crowds. We are motivated by the following fact: the attack flows are generated by the same pre-built program (attack tools), however, flash crowds come from randomly distributed users all over the Internet. Therefore, the flow similarity among DDoS attack flows is much stronger than that among flash crowds. We employ abstract distance metrics, the Jeffrey distance, the Sibson distance, and the Hellinger distance to measure the similarity among flows to achieve our goal. We compared the three metrics and found that the Sibson distance is the most suitable one for our purpose. We apply our algorithm to the real datasets and the results indicate that the proposed algorithm can differentiate them with an accuracy around 65%. © 2009 IEEE.

Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Gao, Y & Lu, J 2009, 'A Bilevel Optimization Model and a PSO-based Algorithm in Day-ahead Electricity Markets', Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Texas, USA, pp. 611-616.
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Strategic bidding problems are becoming key issues in competitive electricity markets. This paper applies bilevel optimization theory to deal with this issue. We first analyze generating company strategic bidding behaviors and build a bilevel optimization model for a day-ahead electricity market. In this bilevel optimization model, each generating company will choose their bids in order to maximize their individual profits. A market operator will determine the output power for each unit and uniform marginal price based on the minimization purchase electricity fare. For solving this competitive strategic bidding problem described by the bilevel optimization model, a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm is. Experiment results have demonstrated the validity of the PSO-based algorithm in solving the competitive strategic bidding problems for a day-ahead electricity market

Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Gao, Y & Lu, J 2009, 'A Fuzzy Bilevel Model and a PSO-based Algorithm for Day-ahead Electricity Market Strategy Making', Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - 13th International Conference, KES 2009 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol 5712, International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, IOS Press, Santiago, Chile, pp. 736-744.
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This paper applies bilevel optimization techniques and fuzzy set theory to model and support bidding strategy making in electricity markets. By analyzing the strategic bidding behavior of generating companies, we build up a fuzzy bilevel optimization model for day-ahead electricity market strategy making. In this model, each generating company chooses the bids to maximize the individual profit. A market operator solves an optimization problem based on the minimization purchase electricity fare to determine the output power for each unit and uniform marginal price. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm is developed for solving problems defined by this model.

Zhang, G, Zhang, J & Lu, J 2009, 'A hybrid knowledge-based prediction method for avian influenza early warning', Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, San Antonio, Texas, USA, pp. 617-622.
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High pathogenic avian influenza remains rampant and the epidemic size has been growing in the world. The early warning system (EWS) for avian influenza becomes increasingly essential to militating against the risk of outbreak crisis. An EWS can generate timely early warnings to support decision makers in identifying underlying vulnerabilities and implementing relevant strategies. This paper addresses this crucial issue and focuses on how to make full use of previous events to perform comprehensive forecasting and generate reliable warning signals. It proposes a hybrid knowledge-based prediction (HKBP) method which combines case-based reasoning (CBR) with the fuzzy logic technique. The method can improve the prediction accuracy for avian influenza in a specific region at a specific time. An example is presented to illustrate the capabilities and procedures of the HKBP method.

Zhang, J, Yin, W, Pongpanich, N, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Case-based reasoning in avian influenza risk early warning', The Second Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response (RACR) 2009, Atlantis press, Beijing, P. R. China, pp. 246-251.
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Zhang, K, Huang, M, Orgun, M & Nguyen, Q 2009, 'A Visual Method for High-Dimensional Data Cluster Exploration', Neural Information Processing, 16th International Conference, ICONIP 2009: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol 5864, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 699-709.
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Visualization is helpful for clustering high dimensional data. The goals of visualization in data mining are exploration, confirmation and presentation of the clustering results. However, the most of visual techniques developed for cluster analysis are primarily focused on cluster presentation rather than cluster exploration. Several techniques have been proposed to explore cluster information by visualization, but most of them depend heavily on the individual users experience. Inevitably, this incurs subjectivity and randomness in the clustering process. In this paper, we employ the statistical features of datasets as predictions to estimate the number of clusters by a visual technique called HOV3. This approach mitigates the problem of the randomness and subjectivity of the user during the process of cluster exploration by other visual techniques. As a result, our approach provides an effective visual method for cluster exploration.

Zhang, W, Gui, L, Liu, B, Xiong, J & Lin, D 2009, 'Services and Trial Test of CMMB System', BMSB: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BROADBAND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS AND BROADCASTING, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, IEEE, Bilbao, SPAIN, pp. 1-+.

Zhang, W, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, W & Yu, JX 2009, 'Probabilistic Skyline Operator over Sliding Windows', IEEE 25th International Conference on Data Engineering, International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 1060-1071.
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Skyline computation has many applications including multi-criteria decision making. In this paper, we study the problem of efficient processing of continuous skyline queries over sliding windows on uncertain data elements regarding given probability thresholds. We first characterize what kind of elements we need to keep in our query computation. Then we show the size of dynamically maintained candidate set and the size of skyline. We develop novel, efficient techniques to process a continuous, probabilistic skyline query. Finally, we extend our techniques to the applications where multiple probability thresholds are given or we want to retrieve "top-k" skyline data objects. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed techniques are very efficient and handle a high-speed data stream in real time.

Zhang, Y, Lin, X, Tao, Y & Zhang, W 2009, 'Uncertain Location based Range Aggregates in a multi-dimensional space', Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 1247-1250.
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Uncertain data are inherent in many applications such as environmental surveillance and quantitative economics research. Recently, considerable research efforts have been put into the field of analysing uncertain data. In this paper, we study the problem of processing the uncertain location based range aggregate in a multi-dimensional space. We first formally introduce the problem, then propose a general filtering-and-verification framework to solve the problem. Two filtering techniques, named STF and PCR respectively, are proposed to significantly reduce the verification cost

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Lu, H & Zhu, J 2009, 'Design and Electromagnetic Analysis of a HTS Linear Synchronous Motor', Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 5-10.
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High temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (LSM) integrated with HTS magnetic levitation system, can realize self-levitation and self-guidance without any sliding friction, which will have important applications in many fields such as electromagnetic aircraft launch system, maglev transportation. This paper presents the design and electromagnetic analysis of a HTS LSM, which is levitated by a magnetic levitation system consisting of HTS bulkspermanent magnet (PM) guideways. Numerical analysis and magnetic field finite element analysis (FEA) methods are applied to analyze the thrust, levitation and guidance force characteristics, and the electromagnetic performance of HTS LSM under no-load and load situations are studied with the analysis results are given. Finally, the primary motor running testing results are provided.

Zhou, Q, Xu, G & Zong, Y 2009, 'Web co-clustering of usage network using tensor decomposition', Proceedings - 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, WI-IAT Workshops 2009, pp. 311-314.
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Web clustering is an approach to aggregate web objects into various categories according to underlying relationships among them. Finding co-clusters of web objects is an emerging topic in the context of web usage mining. In this paper we will present an algorithm using tensor decomposition to co-cluster web objects based on analysis of user navigational tasks. The usage data of users visiting web sites is collected as experimental data to construct the usage network and validate the presented method. Experimental results have demonstrated the proposed method can clearly reveal the aggregations of web objects as a result of different navigational tasks. © 2009 IEEE.

Zhou, W 2009, 'NSS 2009 - Network and System Security: Message from the general chair', NSS 2009 - Network and System Security.
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Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2009, 'Message from the CSS 2009 workshop chairs', Proceedings - 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, ISPA 2009.
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Zuehlke, P, Li, J, Talaei-Khoei, A & Ray, PK 2008, 'A functional specification for mobile', 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, 2009., International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 74-78.
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The declining cognitive and motor abilities has become a major problem in the health care of the elderly, often leading to potentially fatal falls. Current rehabilitation strategies to address this issue include routine physiotherapy which is often dull and boring for the patient, leading to poor adherence. In recent years, the use of video games in physical therapy has reportedly had a positive affect on rehabilitation strategies. We propose using a modified version of a music video game, dance dance revolution (DDR), to motivate the elderly and increase adherence to rehabilitation. We also present the design of a mobile monitoring system which allows the health professional to monitor the patient's progress.

Williams, M 2009, 'Robots: Future Challenges', Powerhouse Museum.
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Public Robot Performance