Publications

Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2007, E-Service Intelligence Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, Springer Science & Business Media.
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E-Service. Intelligence: An. Introduction. # # Jie Lu, Da Ruan*, and Guangquan Zhang #Faculty of Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney ( UTS) PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. Email: {jielu ...

Lu, J, Zhang, G, Ruan, D & Wu, F 2007, Multi-objective group decision making: methods, software and applications, 1, Imperial College Press, London, UK.
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Suffern, KG 2007, Ray Tracing from the Ground Up, A K Peters Ltd, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA.

Aik, KC, Lai, LL, Lee, KY, Lu, H, Park, JB, Song, YH, Srinivasan, D, Vlachogiannis, JG & Yu, IK 2007, 'Applications to Power System Scheduling' in Modern Heuristic Optimization Techniques: Theory and Applications to Power Systems, pp. 337-402.
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Dyson, LE 2007, 'Wireless Applications in Africa' in Dyson, LE, Hendriks, M & Grant, S (eds), Information Technology and Indigenous People, Information Science Publishing (Idea Group), Hershey, pp. 286-294.
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This chapter examines wireless technologies in Africa, with special reference to indigenous minority populations. In a continent with limited infrastructure, itinerant popoulations, low literacy levels and limited money to spend on technology, wireless is proving an effective solution. Four implementations are examined to demonstrate how new approaches to mobile design are producing culturally and environmentally appropriate technology: the Cyber Sherpherd Cybertracker and WorldSpace satellite Internet radios

Dyson, LE & Koruth, S 2007, 'Improving Business Performance through Supply Chain Intelligence: An Australian Perspective' in Murthy, GGK (ed), Value Creation in Organisations: The Tangible and Intangible Drivers, Icfai University Press, Hyderabad, India, pp. 195-209.
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Organizations, around the world are increasingly becoming aware of the fact that competitive success depends on how well a supply chain works in delivering value to customers. Supply Chain Intelligence (SCI) is a tool derived from data warehousing technology, which enables the partners of a supply chain to collaborate by providing visibility of information and online analytical capabilities across the chain. Globalization, customer demand, complexity in the business environment, and the availability of new technology are all driving companies to adopt SCI. In this paper, the benefits and challenges of implementing SCI are discussed from an Australian perspective with the example of an Australian manufacturer who has successfully adopted SCI.

Gardenfors, P & Williams, M 2007, 'Multi-Agent Communication, Planning, and Collaboration' in Schalley, AC & Khlentzos, D (eds), Mental States: Language and Cognitive Structure, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp. 197-253.
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Goyal, ML 2007, 'A Novel Strategy For Multiagent Coalitions in a Dynamic Hostile World' in Mukhopadhyay, S & Gupta, GS (eds), Autonomous Robots and Agents, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 209-215.
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One of the main underpinning of the multi-agent systems community is how and why autonomous agents should cooperate with one another. Several formal and computational models of cooperative work or coalition are currently developed and used within multi-agent systems research. The coalition facilitates the achievement of cooperation among different agents. In this paper, a mental construct called attitude is proposed and its significance in coalition formation in a dynamic fire world is discussed. It shows that coalitions explore the attitudes and behaviours that help agents to achieve goals that cannot be achieved alone or to maximize net group utility.

Grant, S, Hendriks, M & Dyson, LE 2007, 'The Indigenous Pre-IT Program' in Dyson, LE, Hendriks, M & Grant, S (eds), Information Technology and Indigenous People, Information Science Publishing, Hershey, pp. 126-131.
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This article describes the Pre-IT, focusing on the first offering of the course, including the curriculum design, marketing strategy, background of students recruited and an evluation of the course against the quality indicators contained in the original course proposal

Huang, M, Nguyen, Q & Lai, W 2007, 'Creating Visual Browsers for Large Scale Online Auctions' in Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G (eds), E-Service Intelligence-Methodologies, Technologies & Application, Springer, Deblick, Germany, pp. 579-600.
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Lu, J, Bai, C & Zhang, G 2007, 'E-service cost benefit evaluation and analysis' in Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G (eds), E-Service Intelligence-Methodologies, Technologies & Application, Springer, Deblick, Germany, pp. 389-409.
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Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2007, 'E-service Intelligence: An introduction' in Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G (eds), E-Service Intelligence-Methodologies, Technologies & Application, Springer, Deblick, Germany, pp. 1-33.
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E-service intelligence is a new research field that deals with fundamental roles, social impacts and practical applications of various intelligent technologies on the Internet based e-service applications that are provided by e-government, e-business, e-commerce, e-market, e-finance, and e-learning systems, to name a few. This chapter offers a thorough introduction and systematic overview of the new field e-service intelligence mainly based on computational intelligence techniques. It covers the state both theorems and applications of e-service intelligence. Moreover, it demonstrates how adaptations of existing computational intelligent technologies benefit from the development of e-service applications in online customer decision, personalized services, web mining, online searching/ data retrieval, and various web-based support systems.

Nataatmadja, I & Dyson, LE 2007, 'The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Managing Cultural Diversity in the Modern Workforce: Challenges and Issues' in Law, WK (ed), Information Resources management: Global Challenges, Idea Group, Hershey, PA, USA, pp. 283-304.
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O'Neill, T, Denford, M, Leaney, JR & Dunsire, K 2007, 'Managing Enterprise Architecture Change' in Pallab Saha (ed), Handbook of Enterprise Systems Architecture in Practice, IGI Global, USA, pp. 192-206.
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Sidhu, AS, Kennedy, PJ, Simoff, SJ, Dillon, TS & Chang, E 2007, 'Knowledge Discovery in Biomedical Data Facilitated by Domain Ontologies' in Zhu, X & Davidson, I (eds), Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: Challenges and Realities, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 189-201.
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Song, YH, Lu, H, Lee, KY & Yu, IK 2007, 'Fundamentals of Ant Colony Search Algorithms' in Modern Heuristic Optimization Techniques: Theory and Applications to Power Systems, pp. 89-100.
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Williams, M 2007, 'Computer Mediated Communication' in Editor, JRB & Editor, SRC (eds), International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies, Sage Publications, London, pp. 207-212.
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http://www.amazon.com/International-Encyclopedia-Organization-Studies-Stewart/dp/1412915155

Williams, M & Gardenfors, P 2007, 'Communication, Planning and Collaboration based on Representations and Simulations' in Editor, ACS & Editor, DK (eds), Mental States: Volume 1: Evolution, function, nature; Volume 2: Language and cognitive structure, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 95-122.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2007, 'Defending against distributed denial of service' in Encyclopedia of Information Ethics and Security, pp. 121-129.
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Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Fuzzy linear bilevel optimization: Solution concept, approaches and applications' in Wang, PP, Ruan, D & Kerre, EE (eds), Fuzzy Logic - A Spectrum of Theoretical & Proctical Issues, Springer, Germany, pp. 351-379.
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Bilevel programming provides a means of supporting two level non-cooperative decision-making. When a decision maker at the upper level (the leader) attempts to optimize an objective, the decision maker at the lower level (the follower) tries to find an optimized strategy according to each of the possible decisions made by the leader. A bilevel decision model is normally based on experts’ understanding of possible choices made by decision makers at both levels. The parameters, either in the objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower in a bilevel decision model, are therefore hard to characterize by precise values. Hence this study proposes a fuzzy parameter linear bilevel programming model and its solution concept. It then develops three approaches to solve the proposed fuzzy linear bilevel programming problems by applying fuzzy set techniques. Finally, a numerical example and a case study illustrate the applications of the proposed three approaches.

Anshar, M & Williams, M 2007, 'Extended Evolutionary Fast Learn-to-Walk Approach for Four-Legged Robots', Journal of Bionic Engineering, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 255-264.
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Robot locomotion is an active research area. In this paper we focus on the locomotion of quadruped robots. An effective walking gait of quadruped robots is mainly concerned with two key aspects, namely speed and stability. The large search space of potential parameter settings for leg joints means that hand tuning is not feasible in general. As a result walking parameters are typically determined using machine learning techniques. A major shortcoming of using machine learning techniques is the significant wear and tear of robots since many parameter combinations need to be evaluated before an optimal solution is found. This paper proposes a direct walking gait learning approach, which is specifically designed to reduce wear and tear of robot motors, joints and other hardware. In essence we provide an effective learning mechanism that leads to a solution in a faster convergence time than previous algorithms. The results demonstrate that the new learning algorithm obtains a faster convergence to the best solutions in a short run. This approach is significant in obtaining faster walking gaits which will be useful for a wide range of applications where speed and stability are important. Future work will extend our methods so that the faster convergence algorithm can be applied to a two legged humanoid and lead to less wear and tear whilst still developing a fast and stable gait.

Carbone, A, de Raadt, M, Kay, J, Lister, R, Litchfield, A, Raban, R, Roe, P, Santamaria, D, Sheard, J, Shepherd, J, Solomon, A & Thomas, R 2007, 'The carrick vision and computing education: Four case studies in multi-institutional collaboration', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, vol. 66, pp. 3-8.
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The Carrick Institute is an initiative of the Australia federal government. It is aimed at generating strategic change in Australian University education, via grants and other awards to approximately $20 million annually. By previous Australian standards, the potential funding for projects is large. However, the Carrick Institute has a well focused vision, and grant applications need to be aligned with that vision. This paper first describes some key aspects of the Carrick vision, before describing four multi-institutional computing education projects that successfully attracted funding from the Carrick Institute in 2006. Three of the projects are funded under Carrick's Priority Program, and are concerned with different aspects of automated assessment: (1) assessing Unix scripting skills, (2) self and peer assessment in groupwork, and (3) the assessment of novice programmers. The fourth project is funded under Carrick's Disciplinary-Based Initiatives Scheme. Commonalities in the structure of these three projects are observed.

Cornelis, C, Lu, J, Guo, X & Zhang, G 2007, 'One-and-only item recommendation with fuzzy logic techniques', INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 177, no. 22, pp. 4906-4921.
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Cornelis, C, Lu, J, Guo, X & Zhang, G 2007, 'One-and-only item recommendation with fuzzy logic techniques', Information Sciences, vol. 177, no. 22, pp. 4906-4921.
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Curry, JM, McGregor, C & Tracy, S 2007, 'A systems development life cycle approach to patient journey modeling projects', Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol. 129, pp. 905-909.
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Patient Journey Modeling, a relatively recent innovation in healthcare quality improvement, models the patient's movement through a Health Care Organisation (HCO) by viewing it from a patient centric perspective. A Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) provides a standard project management framework that can improve the quality of information systems. The concept of following a consistent project management framework to boost quality outcomes can be applied equally to healthcare improvement. This paper describes a SDLC designed specifically for the health care domain and in particular patient journey modeling projects. It goes on to suggest that such a framework can be used to compliment the dominant healthcare improvement method, the Model for Improvement. The key contribution of this paper is the introduction of a project management framework in the form of an SDLC that can be used by non-professional computer developers (ie: health care staff), to improve the consistency and quality of outcomes for patient journey redesign projects. Experiences of applying the SDLC in a midwife-led primary-care maternity services environment are discussed. The project team found the steps logical and easy to follow and produced demonstrable improvement results along with ongoing goal-focused action plans. © 2007 The authors. All rights reserved.

Dou, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lu, H 2007, 'Effect Of Armature Reaction Of A Permanent-magnet Claw Pole SMC Motor', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2561-2563.
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The finite-element method enables an accurate analysis for the study on effects of armature reaction in electromagnetic devices, particularly those with complex structures and three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux paths. This paper investigates the effec

Gay, VC & Leijdekkers, P 2007, 'A Health Monitoring System Using Smart Phones and Wearable Sensors', International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Mechatronic, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 29-36.
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Gramann, K, Toellner, T, Krummenacher, J, Eimer, M & Mueller, HJ 2007, 'Brain electrical correlates of dimensional weighting: An ERP study', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 277-292.
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Gudmundsson, J & Jay, B 2007, 'Preface to Special Issue: Selected Papers from CATS 2006', International Journal Of Foundations Of Computer Science, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 195-196.
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Gudmundsson, J & Jay, B 2007, 'Untitled', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 195-196.
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Guo, Y, Chen, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Performance Analysis of an SMC Transverse Flux Motor with Brushless DC Control Scheme', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 81-84.
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Guo, Y, Jin, J, Zhu, J & Lu, H 2007, 'Design And Analysis Of A Prototype Linear Motor Driving System For Hts Maglev Transportation', IEEE Transactions On Applied Superconductivity, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 2087-2090.
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High temperature superconductors (HTSs) can produce a strong magnetic levitation force with self-stabilizing feature and hence have attracted much attention for applications in maglev transportation systems. For the linear motion of transportation, a lin

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lu, H 2007, 'Effects of armature reaction on the performance of a claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator by finite-element analysis', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1072-1077.
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We investigated the effects of armature reaction on the performance of a three-phase three-stack claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator core by using three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA), which is an effective approach to accurate

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lin, Z, Zhong, J, Lu, H & Wang, S 2007, 'Determination of 3D magnetic reluctivity tensor of soft magnetic composite material', Journal Of Magnetism And Magnetic Materials, vol. 312, no. 2, pp. 458-463.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are especially suitable for construction of electrical machines with complex structures and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fluxes. In the design and optimization of such 3D flux machines, the 3D vector magnetic pr

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Computation of Incremental Inductances for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a PM Claw Pole SMC Motor', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 254-257.
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Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Parameter Computation and Performance Prediction of a Claw Pole/Transverse Flux Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13-16.
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Henderson-Sellers, B & Gill, AQ 2007, 'Using method engineering to make a traditional environment agile', Cutter IT Journal, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 30-37.

Hou, J, Shi, W, Li, G & Zhou, W 2007, 'An effective non-parametric method for globally clustering genes from expression profiles', Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1175-1185.
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Clustering is widely used in bioinformatics to find gene correlation patterns. Although many algorithms have been proposed, these are usually confronted with difficulties in meeting the requirements of both automation and high quality. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for clustering genes from their expression profiles. The unique features of the proposed algorithm are twofold: it takes into consideration global, rather than local, gene correlation information in clustering processes; and it incorporates clustering quality measurement into the clustering processes to implement non-parametric, automatic and global optimal gene clustering. The evaluation on simulated and real gene data sets demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm. © International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2007.

Hsu, S-C, Liang, S-F, Fan, K-W & Lin, C-T 2007, 'A robust in-car digital image stabilization technique', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 234-247.
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Huang, C-H & Lin, C-T 2007, 'Bio-inspired computer fovea model based on hexagonal-type cellular neural network', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 35-47.
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Hussain, FK 2007, 'Trust Ontologies for E-Service Environments', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 22, pp. 519-545.
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Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'A methodology to quantify failure for risk-based decision support system in digital business ecosystems', Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 597-621.
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In digital business ecosystem architecture it is rational for the trusting agent to analyse the possible risk according to its demand before interacting with a probable trusted agent. Doing so would assist the trusting agent in its decision process and w

Johnston, AJ & Marks, B 2007, ''Partial Reflections'', Leonardo, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 510-511.
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Kazienko, P & Musial, K 2007, 'On utilising social networks to discover representatives of human communities', International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems, vol. 1, no. 3-4, pp. 293-310.
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: Virtual human communities that exist on the internet reflect social relationships between people. There is a great need to find important individuals, a set of people who would represent larger communities. These people would be able to perform specific tasks or could become a target group for marketing or advertising purposes. The new research on representative discovery for human communities is presented in this paper. Its main goal is to improve the process of target group selection by adding the social elements derived from the behaviours of people. The entire selection process considered in the paper is called human filtering. © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Lin, C-T, Chuang, S-W, Chen, Y-C, Ko, L-W, Liang, S-F & Jung, T-P 2007, 'EEG effects of motion sickness induced in a dynamic virtual reality environment', 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16, pp. 3872-3875.
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Lin, C-T, Chung, I-F, Ko, L-W, Chen, Y-C, Liang, S-F & Duann, J-R 2007, 'EEG-Based assessment of driver cognitive responses in a dynamic virtual-reality driving environment', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1349-1352.
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Lin, C-T, Fan, K-W, Pu, H-C, Lu, S-M & Liang, S-F 2007, 'An HVS-Directed neural-network-based image resolution enhancement scheme for image resizing', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 605-615.
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Lin, C-T, Huang, C-H & Chen, S-A 2007, 'CNN-based hybrid-order texture segregation as early vision processing and its implementation on CNN-UM', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 2277-2287.
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Lin, K-L, Lin, C-Y, Huang, C-D, Chang, H-M, Yang, C-Y, Lin, C-T, Tang, CY & Hsu, DF 2007, 'Feature selection and combination criteria for improving accuracy in protein structure prediction', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 186-196.
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Lister, R, Sheard, J & Carbone, A 2007, 'Australasian computing education research', Computer Science Education, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 153-154.
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Lister, RF 2007, 'Strangers, Enemies, Terms and Taxonomies', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 12-13.
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Lu, H, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Zhong, J & Jin, J 2007, 'Soft Magnetic Materials for High Frequency High Power Density Transformers in Power Electronic Systems', Academic Magazine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11-16.
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Along with the trends of higher and higher frequency operations and smaller and smaller physical volumes of power electronic systems, the transformers and inductors used in the power electronic systems are facing challenge to operate at high frequencies. This paper presents a survey on the soft magnetic materials used in the high frequency high power density (HFHPD) transformers and inductors in the power electronic systems. Various types of magnetic material, such as electrical sheets, soft ferrites and amorphous magnetic alloys, are reviewed. It is revealed that soft ferrites seem the most suitable for the core materials of HFHPD transformers.

Lu, H, Zhong, JJ, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Jin, JX 2007, 'Techniques and Apparatus for Measuring Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials', Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 218-225.

Lu, H, Zhu, J & Hui, SY 2007, 'Measurement And Modeling Of Thermal Effects On Magnetic Hysteresis Of Soft Ferrites', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 3952-3960.
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We present experimental measurement of thermal effects on magnetic hysteresis of soft ferrite cores commonly used in high-frequency inductors and transformers and propose a method to model the thermal effects. We measured the major hysteresis loops of so

Lu, H, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Hui, SY 2007, 'A practical circuit model of high frequency transformers in power electronic systems', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 211-224.
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Lu, J, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Warning message generation by information filtering technique', International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 435-448.
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This paper proposes a two-stage model for generating warning messages by using information filtering techniques. In this model, information is represented by its attributes and processed through two stages. At the first stage, exceptions are separated from normal information by the cognitive filtering technique. At the second stage, a warning message is generated from critical exceptions by the collaborative filtering approach. An example is discussed to illustrate the proposed model.

Lu, J, Ruan, D, Wu, F & Zhang, G 2007, 'An alpha-fuzzy goal approximate algorithm for solving fuzzy multiple objective linear programming problems', Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 259-267.
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Multiple conflicting objectives in many decision making problems can be well described by multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) models. This paper deals with the vague and imprecise information in a multiple objective problem by fuzzy numbers to represent parameters of an MOLP model. This so-called fuzzy MOLP (or FMOLP) model will reflect some uncertainty in the problem solution process since most decision makers often have imprecise goals for their decision objectives. This study proposes an approximate algorithm based on a fuzzy goal optimization under the satisfactory degree alpha to handle both fuzzy and imprecise issues. The concept of a general fuzzy number is used in the proposed algorithm for an FMOLP problem with fuzzy parameters. As a result, this algorithm will allow decision makers to provide fuzzy goals in any form of membership functions.

Lu, J, Ruan, D, Zhang, G & Zimmerman, H 2007, 'Editorial: A special issue on e-service intelligence', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 397-400.

Lu, J, Shi, C, Zhang, G & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Model and extended Kuhn-Tucker approach for bilevel multi-follower decision making in a referential-uncooperative situation', International Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 597-608.
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When multiple followers are involved in a bilevel decision problem, the leader's decision will be affected, not only by the reactions of these followers, but also by the relationships among these followers. One of the popular situations within this bilev

Lu, J, Shi, C, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2007, 'An extended branch and bound algorithm for bilevel multi-follower decision making in a referential-uncooperative situation', International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 371-388.
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Lu, J, Wu, F & Zhang, G 2007, 'On a generalized fuzzy goal optimization for solving fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems', Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 83-97.
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Many organizational decision problems can be formulated by multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) models. Referring to the imprecision inherent in human judgments, uncertainty may be incorporated in the parameters of an MOLP model when it is established, which is called a Fuzzy MOLP (FMOLP) problem. What is an optimal solution for an FMOLP problem is the first issue to deal with in this study. The second issue is how to effectively derive an optimal solution for an FMOLP problem since uncertainty is also reflected in a solution process of an FMOLP problem. By introducing three types of comparison of fuzzy numbers and an adjustable satisfactory degree alpha in this study, a new solution concept of FMOLP is given. For handling the second issue, this study develops an interactive fuzzy goal optimization method which provides an interactive fashion with decision makers during their solution process and allows decision makers to give their fuzzy goals in any forms of membership functions. An illustrative example gives the details of the solution concept and the proposed method.

Lu, J, Zhang, G & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Fuzzy multi-objective bilevel decision making by an approximation Kth-best approach', Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing, vol. 14, pp. 205-232.
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Many industrial decisions problems are decentralized in which decision makers are arranged at two levels, called bilevel decision problems. Bilevel decision making may involve uncertain parameters which appear either in the objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower or both. Furthermore, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflict decision objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. This study proposes an approximation Kth-best approach to solve the fuzzy multi-objective bilevel problem. Two case based examples further illustrate how to use the approach to solve industrial decision problems.

Ma, J, Ruan, D, Xu, Y & Zhang, G 2007, 'A fuzzy-set approach to treat determinacy and consistency of linguistic terms in multi-criteria decision making', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 165-181.
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A fuzzy-set-based approach is presented to describe linguistic information in multi-criteria decision making. After having introduced concepts of determinacy and consistency of linguistic terms, the understandable degree and consistence degree of linguistic terms are illustrated by these two concepts. A case study is demonstrated for the proposed decision-making model with an analytical conclusion of both advantages and disadvantages

Mcgregor, C 2007, 'A Framework for the Design of Web Service Based Clinical Management Systems to Support Inter and Intra Organizational Patient Journeys', International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics (IJHISI), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 21-35.
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The clinical management of premature and ill term babies is challenged by the necessity of several inter and intra organizational patient journeys. Premature and ill-term babies born in regional Australia and Canada must be moved to another hospital with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) facilities. NICU babies requiring surgery must be moved to a Level IV NICU for surgery. Current clinical management supports the transfer of limited patient data via paper or telephone exchange. In this article a framework for the design of Web-service-based clinical management systems to support inter and intra organizational patient journeys is presented. A series of Web services are described and integrated and coordinated through BPEL processes enabling greater support for inter- and intra-organizational transfer of patient data. This framework is demonstrated through a NICU case study. A key benefit of this framework is that it enables the establishment of “on demand” patient journeys eliminating the need to establish permanent point-to-point connections. © 2007, IGI Global. All rights reserved.

McGregor, C, Kneale, B & Tracy, M 2007, 'On-demand virtual neonatal intensive care units supporting rural, remote and urban healthcare with bush babies broadband', JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1309-1323.
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Mcilraith, S, Peppas, P & Thielscher, M 2007, 'Journal of Logic and Computation: Preface', Journal of Logic and Computation, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 847-849.
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Merz, S, Oberst, S, Dyleiko, PG, Kessissoglou, N, Tso, YK & Marburg, S 2007, 'Document Development of coupled FE/BE models to investigate the structural and acoustic responses of a submerged vessel', Journal of Computational Acoustics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 23-47.

Perlis, D & Williams, MA 2007, 'Editorial Note', Artificial Intelligence, vol. 171, no. 18, p. 1093.
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Pollatos, O, Gramann, K & Schandry, R 2007, 'Neural systems connecting interoceptive awareness and feelings', HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 9-18.
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Redshaw, S 2007, 'Articulations of the car: The dominant articulations of racing and rally driving', Mobilities, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 121-141.
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Drawing on a number of sources, including social and cultural accounts of mobility, such as those of Sheller and Urry and by Zygmunt Bauman, car advertising, and focus group discussions with young drivers, the violence of the car and its shaping influence in contemporary life are considered through an application of the idea of articulation from Grossberg. Highlighting articulations of the car, particularly the dominant articulations of racing and rally driving evident in particular types of advertising, allows an examination of the destructive potential of particular driving cultures and also illustrates the meanings inscribed into the car, thus challenging its apparent neutrality. The racing articulations are connected to aggressive, competitive styles of driving, extending into competitive social relations and implicating an emphasis on aggressive individualism. There has been some dialogue in the road safety community about what counts as aggressive behaviour but these discussions often do not take into account the innate violence of the car itself and tend to consider only extreme behaviours as aggressive. The forms of self-control that arise in relation to the dominant articulations and the desires appealed to in advertising are sketched. Focus group responses to two car advertisements emphasising social competition and extreme thrill-seeking are discussed.

Shi, C, Zhou, H, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Zhang, Z 2007, 'The Kth-best approach for linear bilevel multi-follower programming with partial shared variables among followers', Applied Mathematics And Computation, vol. 188, no. 2, pp. 1686-1698.
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In a real world bilevel decision-making, the lower level of a bilevel decision usually involves multiple decision units. This paper proposes the Kappa th-best approach for linear bilevel multifollower programming problems with shared variables among foll

Shi, W, Zhou, W & Xu, D 2007, 'Identifying cis-regulatory elements by statistical analysis and phylogenetic footprinting and analyzing their coexistence and related gene ontology', Physiological Genomics, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 374-384.
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Discovery of cis-regulatory elements in gene promoters is a highly challenging research issue in computational molecular biology. This paper presents a novel approach to searching putative cis-regulatory elements in human promoters by first finding 8-mer sequences of high statistical significance from gene promoters of humans, mice, and Drosophila melanogaster, respectively, and then identifying the most conserved ones across the three species (phylogenetic footprinting). In this study, a conservation analysis on both closely related species (humans and mice) and distantly related species (humans/mice and Drosophila) is conducted not only to examine more candidates but also to improve the prediction accuracy. We have found 124 putative cis-regulatory elements and grouped these into 20 clusters. The investigation on the coexistence of these clusters in human gene promoters reveals that SP1, EGR, and NRF-1 are the dominant clusters appearing in the combinatorial combination of up to five clusters. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis also shows that many GO categories of transcription factors binding to these cis-regulatory elements match the GO categories of genes whose promoters contain these elements. Compared with previous research, the contribution of this study lies not only in the finding of new cis-regulatory elements, but also in its pioneering exploration on the coexistence of discovered elements and the GO relationship between transcription factors and regulated genes. This exploration verifies the putative cis-regulatory elements that have been found from this study and also gives new insight on the regulation mechanisms of gene expression. Copyright © 2007 the American Physiological Society.

Stacey, M & McGregor, C 2007, 'Temporal abstraction in intelligent clinical data analysis: A survey', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Tieben, R, Van Boerdonk, K, Klooster, S & Van Den Hoven, E 2007, 'Meeting by moving, mediated through music', IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 55-56.
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Tieben, R, van Boerdonk, K, Klooster, S & van den Hoven, E 2007, 'Meeting by moving, mediated through music', IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 62-63.
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Each year, the Dutch Lowlands Festival creates a unique, relaxed atmosphere where 55,000 visitors come to appreciate live music, movies, stand-up comedy, and street performances. Building on this experimental environment, we designed a flexible, opaque screen that facilitates meeting between strangers, who can create music together through bodily contact (see figure 4). Dynamic variation of bodily contact through the screen determines the music's composition and helps people feel connected. During the iterative design research process, we applied Choreography of Interaction, a movement-based design approach. Our first working prototype incorporated 18 randomly divided unnoticeable sensors, which were directly coupled to music samples. User evaluation showed that people searched the screen for the music instead of focusing on each other through the screen. We determined that the variables of musical composition needed to reflect the dynamic variation of bodily contact more coherently. We created a prototype that incorporates 120 sensors and that we can program differently to translate bodily contact into musical composition. This lets us create and evaluate interaction variants that presumably will lead to different gradations of experiences. We are now preparing a test to find the appropriate coupling between dynamic variation of bodily contact and musical composition that establishes a meeting experience through the screen. For more information, contact Sietske Klooster at s.klooster@tue.nl or Elise van den Hoven at e.v.d.hoven@tue.nl.

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Mining key information of web pages: a method and its application', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 425-433.
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Web content mining aims to discover useful information and generate desired knowledge from a large amount of web pages. Key information, such as distinctive menu items, navigation indicators, which is embedded in web pages, can help classify the main con

Whalley, J, Clear, T & Lister, RF 2007, 'The Many Ways of the BRACElet Project', Bulletin of Applied Computing and Information Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
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This paper provides a retrospective snapshot of the first two years of a multi-institutional multi-national study (MIMN) in Computer Science Education called the BRACElet Project. This study has been inquiring into how novice programmers comprehend and write computer programs. The context for the study is outlined, together with details of how it has evolved and those who have participated. Some challenges encountered during the project are highlighted and pointers for the successful conduct of such a study are provided. The paper concludes by noting pitfalls to be avoided, some open research questions, and current plans for furthering the project.

White, AG, Gilchrist, A, Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JL, Bremner, MJ & Langford, NK 2007, 'Measuring two-qubit gates', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 172-183.
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White, AG, Gilchrist, A, Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JL, Bremner, MJ & Langford, NK 2007, 'Measuring two-qubit gates', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 172-183.
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Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2007, 'Pervasive computing at tableside: A wireless web-based ordering system', International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 82-101.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a wireless web-based ordering system called iMenu in the restaurant industry. Design/methodology/approach: By using wireless devices such as personal digital assistants and WebPads, this system realizes the paradigm of pervasive computing at tableside. Detailed system requirements, design, implementation and evaluation of iMenu are presented. Findings: The evaluation of iMenu shows it explicitly increases productivity of restaurant staff. It also has other desirable features such as integration, interoperation and scalability. Compared to traditional restaurant ordering process, by using this system customers get faster and better services, restaurant staff cooperate more efficiently with less working mistakes, and enterprise owners thus receive more business profits. Originality/value: While many researchers have explored using wireless web-based information systems in different industries, this paper presents a system that employs wireless multi-tiered web-based architecture to build pervasive computing systems. Instead of discussing theoretical issues on pervasive computing, we focus on practical issues of developing a real system, such as choosing of web-based architecture, design of input methods in small screens, and response time in wireless web-based systems. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Yang, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'An effective pruning algorithm for least squares support vector machine classifier', Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan - Journal of Computer Research and Development, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1-8.
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Yang, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Effective pruning algorithm for least squares support vector machine classifier', Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1128-1136.
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A well-known drawback in the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) is that the sparseness is lost. In this study, an effective pruning algorithm is developed to deal with this problem. To avoid solving the primal set of linear equations, the bottom to the top strategy is adopted in the proposed algorithm. During the training process of the algorithm, the chunking incremental and decremental learning procedures are used alternately. A small support vector set, which can cover most of the information in the training set, can be formed adaptively. Using the support vector set, one can construct the final classifier. In order to test the validation of the proposed algorithm, it has been applied to five benchmarking UCI datasets. In order to show the relationships among the chunking size, the number of support vector machine, the training time, and the testing accuracy, different chunking sizes are tested. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can adaptively obtain the sparse solutions without almost losing generalization performance when the chunking size is equal to 2, and also its training speed is much faster than that of the sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm. The proposed algorithm can also be applied to the least squares support vector regression machine as well as LS-SVM classifier.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2007, 'Model and approach of fuzzy bilevel decision making for logistics planning problem', Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 178-197.
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Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Decentralized multi-objective bilevel decision making with fuzzy demands', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 495-507.
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Decisions in a decentralized organization often involve two levels. The leader at the upper level attempts to optimize his/her objective but is affected by the follower; the follower at the lower level tries to find an optimized strategy according to eac

Zhang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'An Intelligent Classification Method in Bank Customer Relationship Management', New Mathematics and Natural Computation, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 111-121.
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Customer classification is one of the major tasks in customer relationship management. Customers often have both static characteristics and dynamic behavioral features. Using both kinds of data to conduct comprehensive analysis can enhance the reasonability of customer classification. In the proposed classification method, customer dynamic data is clustered using a hybrid genetic algorithm. The result is then combined with customer static data to give reasonable customer segmentation supported by neural network technique. A bank dataset-based experiment shows that applying the proposed method can obviously improve the accuracy of customer classification comparing with the traditional methods where only static data is used.

Zhong, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Development of Measuring Techniques for Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials', Nature Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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Zhong, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Techniques and Apparatus for Measuring Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials', Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China - Zhongguo Dianzi Keji, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 218-225.

Anshar, M & Williams, M 2007, 'Evolutionary Robot Gaits', International Conference on Intelligent Unmanned Systems, International Conference on Intelligent Unmanned Systems, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 217-223.

Bakker, S, Vorstenbosch, D, van den Hoven, E, Hollemans, G & Bergman, T 2007, 'Interactive tangible objects as play pieces in a digital tabletop game', Proceedings of Pervasive Gaming Applications 2007 (PerGamesâ07), Shaker Verlag, Salzburg, Austria, pp. 155-156.
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In this paper we present a new type of tangible interface for a digital tabletop game. This interface consists of an interactive tangible object; a play piece representing a bridge in the game 'Weathergods' [1]. The game players can not only physically change the appearance of the bridge to manipulate the digital world, the digital world in return can also affect the appearance of this play piece.

Bakker, S, Vorstenbosch, D, van den Hoven, E, Hollemans, G & Bergman, T 2007, 'Tangible interaction in tabletop games: studying iconic and symbolic play pieces', Proceedings of Advances in Computer Entertainment technology 2007 (ACEâ07), ACE'07, ACM, Salzburg, Austria, pp. 163-170.
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In this paper, a study is described which investigates differences in game experience between the use of iconic and symbolic tangibles in digital tabletop interaction. To enable this study, a new game together with two sets of play pieces (iconic and symbolic) was developed and used in an experiment with 30 participants. In this experiment, the understanding of the game, the understanding of the play pieces and the fun experience were tested. Both the group who played with iconic play pieces and the group who played with symbolic play pieces were proven to have a comparable fun experience and understanding of the game. However, the understanding of the play pieces was higher in the iconic group and a large majority of both groups preferred to play with iconic play pieces rather then symbolic play pieces.

Bakker, S, Vorstenbosch, D, van den Hoven, E, Hollemans, G & Bergman, T 2007, 'Weathergods: tangible interaction in a digital tabletop game', Conference Proceedings, TEI' 07: First International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction, ACM, Baton Rouge, USA, pp. 151-152.
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In this paper we describe the game 'Weathergods', which is implemented on the Entertaible tabletop gaming platform [1]. The game uses either iconic or symbolic [2] tangible objects for interaction and marries both the advantages of traditional board games and computer games.

Balsys, RJ & Suffern, KG 2007, 'Point Based Rendering of Implicit 4-Dimensional Surfaces', International Conferences on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Vision, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 31-40.
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We present a point based rendering algorithm that uses hyper-cubes to perform spatial subdivision in a 4D volume. A 4D function interval exclusion test is used to speed up the rendering of 4D Implicit surfaces in this hyper-volume. A 4D orthonormal basis function is used to define a 4D camera, which projects isometric or perspective views onto a plane in 4D for viewing. The technique requires evaluations of 4D implicit surface functions and gradients to render shaded images. The technique also allows for hidden surface elimination using a z-buffer modified for use in a 4D space. We give examples of its use in rendering some 4D surfaces and discuss problems with the technique. The algorithm can be generalised to higher dimensions.

Beilharz, KA & Ferguson, S 2007, 'Gestural Hyper Instrument Collaboration with Generative Computation for Real Time Creativity', Creativity and Cognition Conference '07, ACM Creativity and Cognition, Sheridan Printing, Washington DC, USA, pp. 213-222.
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This paper describes the performance, mapping, transformation and representation phases of a model for gesturetriggered musical creativity. These phases are articulated in an example creative environment, Hyper-Shuku (BorderCrossing), an audio-visually augmented shakuhachi performance to demonstrate the adaptive, empathetic response of the generative systems. The shakuhachi is a Japanese traditional end-blown bamboo Zen flute. Its 5 holes and simple construction require subtle and complex gestural movements to produce its diverse range of pitches, vibrato and pitch inflections, making it an ideal candidate for gesture capture. The environment uses computer vision, gesture sensors and computer listening to process and generate electronic music and visualization in real time response to the live performer. The integration oflooming auditory motion and Neural Oscillator Network (NOSC) generative modules are implemented in this example.

Bekker, M, van, DHE, Peters, P & Hemmink, B 2007, 'Stimulating Childrenâs Physical Play through Interactive Games: three Exploratory Case Studies', Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Interaction design and children (IDC'07), IDC'07, ACM, Aalborg, Denmark, pp. 163-164.
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Children are really intrigued by television and computers. However, the interaction with these products hardly requires any form of body movement. This paper presents two case studies of product designs that provide more opportunities for children to enjoy physical play activities.

Berglund, A & Lister, RF 2007, 'How do students understand computer network protocols?', 20th Annual Conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Nelson, New Zealand, pp. 15-20.
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When computing education research is performed in a rigorous and theoretically sound way, it can inform and improve teaching. Having conducted a phenomenographic study of studentsâ understandings of computer network protocols, we present our findings and explain how they can inform the teaching of these protocols. We go on to explore what our results can tell us about the discipline of computer science as a whole.

Casey, J, Chonka, A & Zhou, W 2007, 'Adjacency cache: Fast web cache indexing and lookup', Proceedings - 6th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science, ICIS 2007; 1st IEEE/ACIS International Workshop on e-Activity, IWEA 2007, pp. 616-621.
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This paper describes the design and evaluation of a peer-to-peer cache indexing system, which can be used to integrate the resources of locally available web pages into a globally addressable index using a distributed hash table. The salient feature of the indexing system's design is the efficient dissemination of cache index information using a next-url index which allows cache clients to determine ahead of time whether linked content is also available at a remote cache. In addition, conventional optimizations such as in browser caching and batching of index write requests are also used. These optimizations are evaluated using trace-driven simulation and the results show that these design trade-offs improve cache lookup performance. © 2007 IEEE.

Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2007, 'Editors' page', Proceedings of the 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, DEST 2007.
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Chang, E, Dillon, TS & Hussain, FK 2007, 'Trust Ontologies For E-service Environments', International Journal Of Intelligent Systems, International FLINS Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence, Wiley-blackwell, Blankenberge, BELGIUM, pp. 519-545.
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In this article, we introduce trust ontologies. An ontology represents a set of concepts that are commonly shared and agreed to by all parties in a particular domain. Here, we introduce generic and specific trust ontologies. These ontologies include the

Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Boley, H 2007, 'Dynamic Self-organized Digital Ecosystem Architecture', 2007 Inaugural IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 606-606.
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Chen, C-H & Lin, C-T 2007, 'A functional-link-based fuzzy neural network for temperature control', 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 53-+.
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Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2007, 'A recurrent functional-link-based neural fuzzy system and its applications', 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Image and Signal Processing, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 415-+.
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Christen, P, Gao, J, Kennedy, PJ, Li, J, Li, W, Kolyshkina, I, Ong, K & Williams, G 2007, 'Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence & Analytics 2007: Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2007) and the 2nd International Workshop on Integrating AI and Data Mining (AIDM 2007)', Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence & Analytics 2007: Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2007) and the 2nd International Workshop on Integrating AI and Data Mining (AIDM 2007), Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Gold Coast, Australia.

Christen, P, Kennedy, PJ, Li, J, Nayak, R, Simoff, SJ & Williams, GJ 2007, 'Preface', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series.

Colquitt, D & Leaney, J 2007, 'Expanding the view on complexity within the architecture trade-off analysis method', ECBS 2007: 14TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS 2007), IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ, pp. 45-+.

Colquitt, D & Leaney, JR 2007, 'Expanding the view on Complexity within the Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method', Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 1-10.
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Curry, JM, McGregor, C & Tracy, S 2007, 'A Systems Development Life Cycle Approach to Patient Journey Modeling Projects', MEDINFO 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH WORLD CONGRESS ON HEALTH (MEDICAL) INFORMATICS, PTS 1 AND 2, 12th World Congress on Health (Medical) Informatics, IOS PRESS, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 905-+.

Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2007, 'Digital Ecosystem Ontology', 2007 IEEE International Symposium On Industrial Electronics, Proceedings, Vols 1-8, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Vigo, SPAIN, pp. 2944-2947.
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Digital Ecosystems is a neoteric terminology and there are two major definitions about it respectively from Soluta.Net and from Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. In this paper, to solve the ambiguous problem in Digital Ecosystem's de

Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2007, 'Digital Ecosystem Ontology', Etfa 2007: 12th IEEE International Conference On Emerging Technologies And Factory Automation, Vols 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, IEEE, Patras, GREECE, pp. 814-817.
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Digital Ecosystems is a neoteric terminology and there are two major definitions about it square respectively from Soluta.Net and from Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. In this paper, to solve the ambiguous problem in Digital Ecosyst

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'An Integrative view of the concept of Digital Ecosystem', 3rd International Conference on Networking and Services,ICNS 2007.
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In the literature we fid two broad definitions of the concept of Digital Ecosystem, hence leading to confusion and ambiguity with regards to its semantic interpretation. In this paper we make use of ontology, which is a well-known tool for knowledge sharing, in order to present an integrative view of the concept of Digital Ecosystem. We implement the ontology by using Protégé-owl. © 2007 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Application of Protégé and SPARQL in the field of project knowledge management', Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, ICSNC 2007.
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Protégé is a set of open-source ontology design software developed in Stanford Medical Informatics. SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language) is recommended by W3C, to represent the RDF (Resource Description Framework) graph - a set of triples that consist of a subject, a predicate and an object as the basic expression of data stored in OWL-based knowledge base. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based project knowledge management methodology, by means of Protégé and SPARQL, to solve the issues in project management activities. By introducing a set of new ontology notations, we present the conceptual model of our ontology to realize the function of knowledge management in project organizations. Following that, we realize the prototype in Protégé and validate it by means of SPARQL. Finally we make comments on our project and plan our future work. © 2007 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Compare And Contrast Of Contemporary Technical Knowledge Sharing Technologies', Proceedings Of The 2007 IEEE International Conference On Service Operations And Logistics, And Informatics, IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics, IEEE, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 255-258.
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Knowledge sharing is not a new topic in knowledge management research field. Many methodologies have been proposed, which aims to exploit the embodied knowledge in practice and transform them to a normal form so that other staffs and organizations can ut

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Contemporary Cultural Researches On Knowledge Sharing', Proceedings Of The 2007 IEEE International Conference On Service Operations And Logistics, And Informatics, IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics, IEEE, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 140-142.
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Knowledge sharing, as an essential component in the field of knowledge management research, attracts increasing researchers into this discipline. Current researches on KS can be categorized as two independent views - exploring from technical perspective

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Multi-site project organisation knowledge sharing ontology', Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications 2007, ICWMC '07.
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The implementation of ontology starts to step into the field of project organizations. With the appearance of project outsourcing, the location of project workplace becomes increasingly multiple, which challenges the administration of senior management to projects. In this paper, we analyze the daily knowledge sharing activities, including the organizational structure, the procedure of project planning and the scenarios of project distribution, by a case study in City of Melville Council -a typical multi-site project organization, to discover the issues in these activities. By means of extending the theory of CCCI Metrics into the field of project management, we design the multi-site project track and trace ontology, in order to promote the knowledge sharing activities between senior management and project groups. © 2007 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Ontology-based digital ecosystem conceptual representation', 3rd International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems, ICAS'07.
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Along with the evolution of Digital Ecosystem, in regards to its definition, two different theories have emerged, respectively from Soluta.net and from Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. This is paper explains the differences between the two theories and more importantly proposes a ontology-based conceptual representation for the concept of Digital Ecosystem with the purpose of helping researchers in the field to better understand the notion of Digital Ecosystem. In addition, we will introduce a simple ontology notation system, as the basis of our ontology model. © 2007 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Ontology-based Solutions For Knowledge Sharing Issues In Project Organisations', 2007 Inaugural IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 154-159.
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Knowledge sharing is not a new topic in knowledge management research field. Current research focused on the use of formal ontologies for specifying content-specific agreement for a variety of knowledge sharing activities. In this paper, we choose projec

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Project Track And Trace Methodology In The Environment Of Digital Ecosystem', 2007 Inaugural IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 145-148.
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Digital Ecosystems (DE) is an open-source network environment for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). By means of DE, project organisations are able to realize the distribution of organisational structure, to reduce internal cost and to achieve the bigg

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Project track and trace ontology', Second International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, ICIW'07.
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It is well-known that ontology is utilized as an effective methodology to share domain-specific knowledge in multidisciplinary fields. In the field of project management, due to the characteristic of project organizations in which project members are geographically dispersed and from different cultural background, senior management would feel difficulty when they attempt to know about the detailed project completion status from dispersed project groups. Thus, the objective of this paper is to propose an automated project track and trace methodology through the use of ontology technology, to challenge the knowledge sharing issues in project organizations. By means of extending CCCI Metrics into the field of project management and introducing a new ontological notation system, we deliver the project track and trace ontology. © 2007 IEEE.

Doug, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Ontology For Automated Multi-site Project Management', 2007 Inaugural IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 149-153.
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One characteristic of multi-site project organizations is that people in the organizations are geographically dispersed and from different cultural background, which challenges the senior management to successfully complete the task of project management

Doyle, BJ & Lister, RF 2007, 'Why Teach Unix?', Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australian Computer Society, Ballarat, Australia, pp. 19-26.
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This paper examines computing academics' conceptions of the Unix operating system, and the purpose of teaching Unix. Interview transcripts from nine academics were analysed phenomenographically. A small number of qualitatively different conceptions of Unix were identified, within two broad categories. The first broad category manifested a technical approach to Unix. Within this broad category, the conceptions of Unix were, from the least to most sophisticated ! (1) Unix as a set of unrelated commands; (2) Unix as a command line interface superior to GUIs; and (3) Unix as a problem solving tool. The second broad category was a non technical conception of Unix, in which Unix was seen as a resource that is cheap, secure and robust. With regard to teaching Unix, two broad categories of reasons were identified ! practical and pedagogical. These results for teachers are broadly consistent with an earlier phenomenographic study of student conceptions of Unix.

Dyson, LE, Nataatmadja, I & Sixsmith, AJ 2008, 'Improving Participation of International Students in the Classroom: Perceptions, Barriers and Strategies', UTS Teaching and Learning Forum, Sydney.
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Conference presentation with abstract published on the conference website

Dyson, LE, Underwood, J & Campbell, BR 2007, 'IT Ethics: A Learner Focussed Approach', UTS Teaching and Learning Forum, University of Technology, Sydney.
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Conference presentation with abstract published on conference website

Fan, SC, Wen, MH, Hsu, CT, Hung, CH, Hsu, SH, Chuang, MC, Zao, JK & Lin, CT 2007, 'Health Pal: A PDA Phone that will take care of vour health', Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 3703-3708.
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The Kannon Project at the National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) in Taiwan has designed a smart PDA Phone, christened Health Pal, to help elders to manage their healthcare needs such as planning their own physician visits, medication schedules, exercise routines as well as monitoring their blood pressures, pulse rates and oxygen levels. The paper reports the design concepts of the device as well as the activity oriented approach the team undertook during the design process. A comparison of this device against several similar prototypes was also included to highlight its unique features. ©2007 IEEE.

Fokkenrood, S, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 2007, 'Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation Detection Algorithm for 24/7 Personal Wireless Heart Monitoring', Proceeding of ICOST 2007: Pervasive Computing Perspectives for Quality of Life Enhancement, ICOST, Springer, Nara, Japan, pp. 110-120.
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This paper describes a Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation (VT/VF) detection algorithm that is specifically designed for a 24/7 personal wireless heart monitoring system. This monitoring system uses Bluetooth enabled bio-sensors and smart phones to monitor continuously cardiac patients’ vital signs. Our VT/VF algorithm is optimized for continuous real-time monitoring on smart phones with a high sensitivity and specificity. We studied and compared existing VT/VF algorithms and selected the one which suited best our requirements. However, we modified and improved the existing algorithm for the smart phone to achieve better performance results. We tested the algorithm on full-length signals from the physionet CU, MIT-db and MIT-vfdb databases [16] without any pre-selection of VT/VF or normal QRS-complex signals. We achieved 97% sensitivity, 98% accuracy and 98% specificity for our implementation which is excellent compared to existing algorithms.

Gao, Y, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Gao, S 2007, 'A bilevel model for railway train set organizing optimization', International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE2007), International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Atlantis Press, Chengdu, China, pp. 777-782.
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Train Set Organization (TSO) is to arrange the train set in railway freight transportation. Bilevel programming techniques were proposed to solve the Stackelberg game in which play is sequential and cooperation is not permitted. In this paper, an op- timizing model for TSO is developed by the bilevel techniques. First, we analyzed the multiple level nature of management on TSO and simplified it into two levels. Then, a bilevel model for TSO was develop. Finally, this model was further illustrated by applying it on a railway station.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Zeng, X 2007, 'A Lambda-cut approximate approach to supporting fuzzy goal based bilevel decision making in risk management', The First International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Atlantis Press, Shanghai, China, pp. 132-137.
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Gardenfors, P & Williams, M-A 1970, 'Multi-agent communication, planning, and collaboration based on perceptions, conceptions, and simulations', MENTAL STATES, VOL 1: EVOLUTION, FUNCTION, NATURE, Conference on International Language and Cognition, JOHN BENJAMINS B V PUBL, Coffs Harbour, AUSTRALIA, pp. 95-121.

Gill, AQ 2007, 'Defining an Integrated Agile Governance for Large Agile Software Development Environments', Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4536 - Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Program, Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Como, Italy, pp. 157-160.
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This paper highlights the important aspect of IT governance, with the objective of defining an unaddressed aspect of agile governance, by the application of an iterative, inductive, instantaneous analysis and emergent interpretation of appropriate data-grounded conceptual categories of IT governance. An effective agile governance approach will facilitate the achievement of desired discipline, rationale, business value, improved performance, monitoring, as well as control of large agile software development environments by aligning business goals and agile software development goals.

Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 2007, 'An agile toolkit to support agent-oriented and service-oriented computing mechanisms', Product-Focused Software Process Improvement 8th International Conference, PROFES 2007, Riga, Latvia, July 2007 Proceedings, Product Focused Software Process Improvement, Springer, Riga, Latvia, pp. 222-236.
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The complex nature of the software development paradigm and the rapid acceptance of emerging abstraction mechanisms, such as agent-oriented and service-oriented computing, highlight the increasing need for re-evaluation of existing software development approaches that focus on agile software de-velopment methodologies (primarily originating in object-oriented technology); since existing object-oriented, structure-oriented and component-oriented approaches embodied in an agile approach cannot be applied immediately to agent and service-oriented computing. Therefore, we present here, an agile toolkit (Java-based) to facilitate the construction of multi-abstraction or m-abstraction situation-specific agile processes for software development projects. This paper only presents the newly emergent abstraction concepts of agent and service, and does not discuss the well-established object-oriented mechanism used in current agile approaches.

Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 2007, 'ASOP: an agile service-oriented process', New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques. Proceedings of the sixth SoMeT_07, International Conference on Software Methods and Tools, IOS Press, Rome, Italy, pp. 83-92.
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Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 2007, 'Construction of an agile software product enhancement process by using an agile software solution framework (ASSF) and situational method engineering', Procs. 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, Beijing, China, 23-27 July 2007 Volume 1, International Computer Software and Applications Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Beijing, China, pp. 539-542.
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Introducing a change in any software development organization is challenging; as this paper demonstrates by means of a case study for the adoption of agile practices in a large software development organization. The case study research findings indicate that a situational method engineering approach together with an agile software solution framework (ASSF) can be used to create a feasible and usable hybrid software development method by combining agile practices and formal practices for a particular situation in large software development organizations.

Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 2007, 'Six aspects of an agile software development methodology', Online Proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2007, European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, Polytechnic university of Valencia, Valencia, spain, pp. 1-11.
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A shared vision of an agile methodology can play a vital role in adaptive agile software development environments as the absence of a shared or common vision is one of the main factors of software project failures. This paper presents six aspects of an agile software development methodology: agility, abstraction, process, people, product and tools. This set of aspects is an attempt to provide a guiding vision or mental-model for an agile methodology. The purpose of this paper is to explicitly describe in detail these aspects that are part of our agile software solution framework (ASSF). These six aspects can be combined to generate various situation-specific configurations of agile methodologies by using a method engineering approach.

Gill, AQ, Henderson-Sellers, B & McBride, TM 2007, 'Agile adoption and improvement model', Online Proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2007, European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, pp. 1-9.
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Agile software development methods focus on the rapid and iterative delivery of a software product in small increments. Over the last decade, the software industry has shown a substantial interest in agile practices but there is no standard guiding vision model or framework to adopt and then use to assess or improve the agile method in a software development organization; indeed, the absence of a guiding vision model could result in the failure of the agile implementation. The purpose of this paper is to present an Agile Adoption and Improvement Model (AAIM) for the adoption, assessment and improvement of an agile software development process. We have analysed the results of several agile software process assessments, industrial case studies on the adoption of an agile approach and feedback from both researchers and the software industry for the construction of the AAIM. The AAIM can be used as a gradual road map for the adoption of an agile approach so that the required agile level can be achieved and improved over a period of time. The AAIM has been organized in three agile blocks, six agile stages (AS) and an embedded agility measurement model (to quantitatively measure the degree of agility). In AAIM, each stage specifies goals that must be achieved to attain a particular business value through the use of an agile software development approach.

Goyal, ML 2007, 'An attitude based modeling of agents in coalition', Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information,Control and Communication, Funchal, Portugal, pp. 165-170.
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Goyal, ML 2007, 'Using Agents' Commitments for Muti-agent Problem Solving', Proceedings of 3rd Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Indian International Confernce on Artificial Intelligence, Pune, India, pp. 1277-1296.
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Grosse-Wentrup, M, Gramann, K & Buss, M 2007, 'Adaptive spatial filters with predefined region of interest for EEG based brain-computer-interfaces', Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 537-544.
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The performance of EEG-based Brain-Computer-Interfaces (BCIs) critically depends on the extraction of features from the EEG carrying information relevant for the classification of different mental states. For BCIs employing imaginary movements of different limbs, the method of Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) has been shown to achieve excellent classification results. The CSP-algorithm however suffers from a lack of robustness, requiring training data without artifacts for good performance. To overcome this lack of robustness, we propose an adaptive spatial filter that replaces the training data in the CSP approach by a-priori information. More specifically, we design an adaptive spatial filter that maximizes the ratio of the variance of the electric field originating in a predefined region of interest (ROI) and the overall variance of the measured EEG. Since it is known that the component of the EEG used for discriminating imaginary movements originates in the motor cortex, we design two adaptive spatial filters with the ROIs centered in the hand areas of the left and right motor cortex. We then use these to classify EEG data recorded during imaginary movements of the right and left hand of three subjects, and show that the adaptive spatial filters outperform the CSP-algorithm, enabling classification rates of up to 94.7 % without artifact rejection.

Guo, Y, Chen, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Development of a PM Linear Motor for Driving HTS Maglev Vehicle', Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS07), International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, pp. 824-827.
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The phenomenon that a permanent magnet (PM) over a high temperature superconductor (HTS) bulk can produce strong levitation force with self-stabilizing feature has attracted strong interest of application in maglev transportation systems, in which a linear motion drive is an obvious advantage. This paper presents the development of a PM linear synchronous motor drive for a small-scale prototype vehicle which is levitated by PM-HTS bulks. Magnetic field finite element analyses are conducted to compute accurately the key motor parameters such as winding flux, back electromotive force (emf), inductance and cogging force. The steady state characteristic of the motor is predicted by using the classic phasor voltage equation, which can provide a reasonable result if the fundamental components of the applied voltage, back emf and current are dominant. A Matlab/Simulink-based model, capable of considering the dependence of key parameters on the mover position, is built to predict effectively the motor's dynamic performance under a brushless DC (BLDC) control scheme. The simulated results show that the developed linear motor can drive the HTS maglev vehicle prototype at the desired speed.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Liu, D, Lu, H & Wang, S 2007, 'Application of multi-level mult-domain modelling in the design and analysis of a PM transverse flux motor with SMC core', the 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS07), International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 27-31.
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This paper presents the design and analysis of a permanent magnet (PM) transverse flux motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core by applying multi-level multi-domain modeling. The design is conducted in two levels. The upper level is composed of a group of equations which describe the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the motor. The lower level consists of two domains: electromagnetic analysis and thermal calculation. The initial design, including structure, materials and major dimensions, is determined according to existing experience and empirical formulae. Then, optimization is carried out at the system level (the upper level) for the best motor performance by optimizing the structural dimensions. To successfully deal with such a multi-level multi-domain optimization problem, an effective modeling with both high computational accuracy and speed is required. For accurately computing the key motor parameters, such as back electromotive force, winding inductance and core loss, magnetic field finite element analysis is performed. The core loss in each element is stored for effective thermal calculation, and the winding inductance and back EMF are stored as a look-up table for effective analysis of the motor's dynamic performance. The presented approach is effective with good accuracy and reasonable computational speed.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, S & Jin, J 2007, 'Performance Analysis of an SMC Transverse Flux Motor with Modified Double-sided Stator and PM Flux Concentrating Rotor', Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS07), International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1553-1556.
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This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a three-phase three-stack transverse flux motor with a modified double-sided stator and a permanent magnet (PM)flux concentrating rotor. Both stator and rotor cores employ SOMALOYtrade 500, a new soft magnetic composite (SMC) material specially developed for electrical machine application. By taking advantage of the unique properties of SMC, such as the magnetic isotropy, the motor is designed with three-dimensional (3D) magnetic flux path. To accurately compute the motor parameters and performance, improved formulations are applied in combination with 3D magnetic field finite element analysis. The designed motor shows superior characteristics to laminated machines.

Hai, D, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Exploring the conceptual model of digital ecosystem', 2007 Second International Conference on Digital Telecommunications, ICDT'07.
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Digital Ecosystem, as a neoteric terminology, has emerged along with the appearance of Business Ecosystem which is a form of naturally existing business network of small and medium enterprises. However, few researches have been found in the field of defining digital ecosystem. In this paper, by means of ontology technology as our research methodology, we propose to develop a conceptual model for digital ecosystem. By introducing an innovative ontological notation system, we create the hierarchical framework of digital ecosystem form up to down, based on the related theories form Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. © 2007 IEEE.

Hai, D, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Ontology for automated multi-site project management', Proceedings of the 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, DEST 2007, pp. 352-356.
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One characteristic of multi-site project organizations is that people in the organizations are geographically dispersed and from different cultural background, which challenges the senior management to successfully complete the task of project management. Here we introduce the theory of CCCI Metrics in order to solve the issue. By means of ontology technology, we propose an ontology-based system which is to help the senior management to realize the function of automated project management in multi-site project organization. © 2007 IEEE.

Hai, D, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Ontology-based solutions for knowledge sharing issues in project organisations', Proceedings of the 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, DEST 2007, pp. 346-351.
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Knowledge sharing is not a new topic in knowledge management research field. Current research focused on the use of formal ontologies for specifying content-specific agreement for a variety of knowledge sharing activities. In this paper, we choose project organisation as our research domain, due to its geographical issues and cultural issues which may affect knowledge sharing activities occurring in dispersed project groups and group members. Provided by a simple notation system, we propose the project organisation knowledge sharing ontology and validate the conceptual model by realizing in Protégé -OWL and SPARQL Query Language. © 2007 IEEE.

Hai, D, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2007, 'Project track and trace methodology in the environment of digital ecosystem', Proceedings of the 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, DEST 2007, pp. 357-360.
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Digital Ecosystems (DE) is an open-source network environment for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). By means of DE, project organisations are able to realize the distribution of organisational structure, to reduce internal cost and to achieve the biggest benefit. However, some issues exist in the process of project track and trace processes. In this paper, we analyze the daily project track and trace activities, including the organisational structure, the procedure of project planning and the scenarios of project distribution, by a case study in City of Melville Council - a typical project organisation, to discover the issues in these activities. To solve the issues, we extend the theory of CCCI Metrics to the field of project management. By means of the extended theory, a Project Track and Trace Card is designed to assist the senior management to timely administrate the project completion status in organisations, and then to promote the knowledge sharing in project organisations. © 2007 IEEE.

Hao, J, Zhang, K & Huang, M 2007, 'RELT: Visualizing Trees on Mobile Devices', Advances in Visual Information Systems (LNCS 4781), International Conference on Visual Information Systems, Springer, Shanghai, China, pp. 344-357.
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The small screens on increasingly used mobile devices challenge the traditional visualization methods designed for desktops. This paper presents a method called Radial Edgeless Tree (RELT) for visualizing trees in a 2-dimensional space. It combines the existing connection tree drawing with the space-filling approach to achieve the efficient display of trees in a small geometrical area, such as the screen that are commonly used in mobile devices. We recursively calculate a set of non-overlapped polygonal nodes that are adjacent in the hierarchical manner. Thus, the display space is fully used for displaying nodes, while the hierarchical relationships among the nodes are presented by the adjacency (or boundary-sharing) of the nodes. It is different from the other traditional connection approaches that use a node-link diagram to present the parent-child relationships which waste the display space. The hierarchy spreads from north-west to south-east in a top-down manner which naturally follows the traditional way of human perception of hierarchies. We discuss the characteristics, advantages and limitations of this new technique and suggestions for future research.

Harbinson, D, Balsys, RJ & Suffern, KG 2007, 'Point Rendering on Non-Manifold Surface with Features', GRAHITE2007, ACM SIG International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, The Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., Perth, Western Australia, pp. 47-53.
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Henderson-Sellers, B, Serour, MK, Gonzalez Perez, C & Gill, AQ 2007, 'Improving agile software development by the application of method engineering practices', Proceedings IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, ACTA Press, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 55-60.
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Hou, J & Zhou, W 2007, 'A conceptual matrix model for biological data processing', Proceedings of the 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, DEST 2007, pp. 559-564.
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This paper proposes a conceptual matrix model with algorithms for biological data processing. The required elements for constructing a matrix model are discussed. The representative matrix-based methods and algorithms which have potentials in biological data processing are presented / proposed. Some application cases of the model in biological data processing are studied, which show the applicability of this model in various kinds of biological data processing. This conceptual model established a framework within which biological data processing and mining could be conducted. The model is also heuristic to other applications. © 2007 IEEE.

Hsieh, HY, Liang, SF, Ko, LW, Lin, M & Lin, CT 2007, 'Development of a real-time wireless embedded brain signal acquisition/processing system and its application on driver's drowsiness estimation', Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 4374-4379.
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In this paper, a portable real-time wireless embedded brain signal acquisition/processing system is developed. The proposed system integrates electroencephalogram signal amplifier technique, wireless transmission technique, and embedded real-time system. The development strategy of this system contains three parts: First, the Bluetooth protocol is used as a transmission interface and integrated with the bio-signal amplifier to transmit the measured physiological signals wirelessly. Second, the OMAP (Open Multimedia Architecture Platform) is used as a development platform and an embedded operating system for OMAP is also designed. Finally, DSP Gateway is developed as a mechanism to deal with the brain-signal analyzing tasks shared by ARM and DSP. A driver's cognitive-state estimation program has been developed and implemented on the proposed dual core processor-based real time wireless embedded system for demonstration. © 2006 IEEE.

Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2007, 'A Fast Algorithm for Balanced Graph Clustering', Information Visualization, International Conference on Information Visualisation, IEEE Computer Society Publisher, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 46-52.
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Scalability problem is a long-lasting challenge for both information visualization and graph drawing communities. Available graph visualization techniques could perform well for small or medium size graphs but they are rarely able to handle very large and complex graphs. One of effective approach to solve this problem is to employ graph abstraction; that is to hierarchically partitioning the complete graph into a clustered graph. A graph visualization technique is then applied to display the abstract view of this clustered graph with partially displayed detail of one or a few sub-graphs where the user is currently focusing on. This reduces the complexity of display and makes it easier for users to interpret, perceive and navigate the large scale information. In this paper, we propose a graph clustering method which can quickly discover the community structure embedded in large graphs and partition the graph into densely connected sub-graphs. The proposed algorithm can not only run fast, but also achieve a consistent partitioning result in which a graph is divided into a set of clusters of the similar size in terms of their visual complexity and the number of nodes and edges. In addition, we also provide a mechanism to partition very dense graphs in which the number of edges is much larger than the number of nodes.

Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2007, 'Ivisnet: An Interactive Visualization for Large Email Networks', Proceeding of the Asia-Pacific Workshop 2007 on Visual Information Processing, Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 95-101.
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Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2007, 'Navigating Large Clustered Graphs with Triple-Layer Display', Information Visualization, International Conference on Information Visualisation, IEEE Computer Society Publisher, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 684-689.
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This paper presents a technique for navigating large clustered graphs with triple-layer display. Although our navigation and interaction technique can be applied independently to any graph layout algorithms, in our implementation, our navigation algorithm is cooperated with a clustered graph layout algorithm. In short, we provide users with the display of three levels of contextual information for navigation. They are the display of full-context, the display of the current-context view and the display of the focused view. Our technique not only allows users to navigate hierarchically up and down through the entire clustered graph, but also provides a way to navigate multiple clusters concurrently. We also use animation to preserve the users’ mental maps during the interaction.

Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2007, 'Space Efficient Clustered Visualization of Large Graphs', Proc. of Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics, International Conference on Image and Graphics, IEEE Computer Society Publisher, Chengdu, China, pp. 920-927.
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This paper proposes a new technique for visualizing large graphs of several ten thousands of vertices and edges. To achieve the graph abstraction, a hierarchical clustered graph is extracted from a general large graph based on the community structures which are discovered in the graph. An enclosure geometrical partitioning algorithm is then applied to achieve the space optimization. For graph drawing, we technically use the combination of a spring-embbeder algorithm and circular drawings that archives the goal of optimization of display space and aesthetical niceness. We also discuss an associated interaction mechanism accompanied with the layout solution. Our interaction not only allows users to navigate hierarchically up and down through the entire clustered graph, but also provides a way to navigate multiple clusters concurrently. Animation is also implemented to preserve users’ mental maps during the interaction.

Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2007, 'Visualization of Large Citation Networks with Space-Efficient Multi-Layer Optimization', Proceedings of 4th Int'l Conf. on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA2007), International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 489-495.
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Huang, M, Nguyen, Q & Simoff, SJ 2007, 'Visualization of Relational Structure Among Scientific Articles', Advances in Visual Information Systems (LNCS 4781), International Conference on Visual Information Systems, Springer-Verlag, Shanghai, China, pp. 415-425.
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his paper describes an ongoing technique to collecting, mining, clustering and visualizing scientific articles and their relations in information science. We aim to provide a valuable tool for researchers in quick analyzing the relationship and retrieving the relevant documents. Our system, called CAVis, first automatically searches and retrieves articles from the Internet using given keywords. These articles are next converted into readable text documents. The system next analyzes these documents and it creates similarity matrix. A clustering algorithm is then applied to group the relevant papers into corresponding clusters. Finally, we provide a visual interface so that users can easily view the structure and the citing relations among articles. From the view, they can navigate through the collection as well as retrieve a particular article.

Huang, M, Nguyen, Q, Lai, W & Huang, X 2007, 'Three-Dimensional EncCon Tree', Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization: New Advances, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE Computer Society Press, Bangkok,Thailand, pp. 429-433.
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This paper describes a three-dimensional extension of a enclosure+connection layout technique, called EncCon tree. The three-dimensional visualization includes layout and navigation. The layout algorithm directly generalizes the two-dimensional EncCon tree layout algorithm to three-dimensional space in which nodes at the same level of the hierarchy are placed onto the same plane. The interactive navigation uses standard three-dimensional viewing techniques which include view transformation, rotation and zoom.

Huang, M-L, Zhou, Y-C & Wang, C-M 2007, 'An improved color mood blending between images via fuzzy relationship', COMPUTER VISION/COMPUTER GRAPHICS COLLABORATION TECHNIQUES, 3rd International Conference on Computer Vision/Computer Graphics (MIRAGE 2007), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Rocquencourt, FRANCE, pp. 1-+.

Huang, T & Huang, M 2007, 'Visualization of Individual's Knowledge by Analyzing the Citation Networks', Proc. of Int'l Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV07), International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE Computer Society Press, Bangkok Thailand, pp. 465-470.
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Visual analysis of knowledge domain is an emerging field of study as science is highly dynamic and constantly evolving. Behind the scene, a knowledge domain is formed and contributed by enormous researchers' publications that describe the common subject of the domain. There is large number of significant activities have been carried out to visualize and identify the knowledge domains of research projects, groups and communities. However, the research on visualizing the knowledge structure at individual level is relative inactive. It is difficult to track down the individual's contribution to the subject and the degree of the knowledge they possess. In this paper, we are attempting to visualize the individual's knowledge structure by analyzing the citation and co-authorship relational structures. We try to analyze and map author's documents to the knowledge domains. By mapping the documents to knowledge domain, we obtain the skeleton of knowledge structure of an individual. Then, we apply the visualization technique to present the result.

Huang, T & Huang, M 2007, 'Visualizing the Experts: Visualizations of Individual's Knowledge Domains using Squarified Treemap', Proceeding of the Asia-Pacific Workshop 2007 on Visual Information Processing, Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 89-94.
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Huang, X, Lai, W, Zhang, D, Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2007, 'A Kernel-Based Algorithm for Multilevel Drawing of Web Graphs', Proc. of Int'l Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV07), International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE Computer Society Press, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 454-459.
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A Web graph refers to the graph that models the hyperlink relations between Web pages in the WWW, where a node represents a URL and an edge indicates a link between two URLs. A Web graph is normally a very huge graph. In the course of users' Web exploration, only part of the Web graph is displayed on the screen each time according to a user's current navigation focus. In this paper, we make use of a fast kernel-based algorithm that is able to cluster large graphs. The algorithm is implemented in an online visualization system of Web graphs. In the system, a Web crawler first generates the Web graph of web sites. The clustering algorithm then reduces the visual complexities of the large graph. In particular, it groups a set of highly connected nodes and their edges into a clustered graph with abstract nodes and edges. The experiments have demonstrated that the employed algorithm is able to cluster graphs.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Hussain, OK 2007, 'State of the art review of the existing bayesian-network based approaches to trust and reputation computation', Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection, ICIMP 2007.
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In this paper we present a state of the art review of the bayesian-network based approaches for trust and reputation computation. We divide the bayesian network based approaches for trust and reputation computation into four different classes. Each of the four different classes is discussed in this paper. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Hussain, OK 2007, 'State of the art review of the existing PageRank™ based algorithms for trust computation', Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, ICSNC 2007.
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In this paper we present a state of the art review of PageRank™ based approaches for trust and reputation computation. We divide the approaches that make use of PageRank™ method for trust and reputation computation, into six different classes. Each of the six classes is discussed in this paper. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, FK, Hussain, O & Chang, E 2007, 'An Overview Of The Interpretations Of Trust And Reputation', Etfa 2007: 12th IEEE International Conference On Emerging Technologies And Factory Automation, Vols 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, IEEE, Patras, GREECE, pp. 826-830.
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In this paper we present an overview of the definitions of the terms of trust and reputation from the literature. Trust and reputation have been defined in different ways by the various researchers. As a result of these various definitions of trust and r

Hussain, FK, Hussain, O & Chang, E 2007, 'Illustrative Example Of Determining Quality Of Service (qos) Using Trustworthiness Measurement Methodology', Proceedings Of The 2007 IEEE International Conference On Service Operations And Logistics, And Informatics, IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics, IEEE, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 530-535.
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In this paper we make use of a case study comprising of an interaction between a service provider and a service requestor to determine the quality of service (QoS) provided by the service provider. The trustworthiness measurement methodology is made use

Hussain, FK, Hussain, O & Chang, E 2007, 'Trustworthiness Measurement Methodology (tmm) For Assessment Purposes', Proceedings Of The 2007 IEEE International Conference On Service Operations And Logistics, And Informatics, IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics, IEEE, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 369-374.
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Quality assessment process is a very complex process. At the same time quality assessment is very vital and crucial for many business processes. In this paper we propose and explain trustworthiness measurement methodology, which is a generic method which

Hussain, FK, Hussain, O & Chang, E 2007, 'Trustworthiness Measurement Methodology (tmm) For Assessment Purposes', Iccc 2007: 5th IEEE International Conference On Computational Cybernetics, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics, IEEE, Gammarth, TUNISIA, pp. 107-112.
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Quality assessment process is a very complex process. At the same time quality assessment is very vital and crucial for many business processes. In this paper we propose and explain trustworthiness measurement methodology, which is a generic method which

Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK & Chang, E 2007, 'An overview of the interpretations of trust and reputation', IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA, pp. 826-830.
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In this paper we present an overview of the definitions of the terms of trust and reputation from the literature. Trust and reputation have been defined in different ways by the various researchers. As a result of these various definitions of trust and reputation there is a lot of confusion regarding what these terms actually mean. Additionally in the literature there is no work towards collecting all the definitions of trust and reputation. In this paper we discuss and present an overview of the terms of trust and reputation from the literature. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK & Chang, E 2007, 'Illustrative example of determining Quality of Product (QoP) using trustworthiness measurement methodology', Proceedings - International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, UBICOMM 2007, pp. 269-274.
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In this paper we make use of a case study, involving the use of a product by a given user, to determine the quality of product (QoP). The trustworthiness measurement methodology is made use of to carry out the QoP assessment. The steps involved are discussed and illustrated by the trustworthiness measurement methodology software that we have engineered. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'A Methodology To Ascertain The Level Of Failure In An E-commerce Interaction', Pacific Asia Conference On Information Systems 2007, Sections 1-6, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Natl Sun Yat-sen Univ, Auckland, New Zealand.
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To ascertain the possible level of risk in an e-commerce interaction, the initiating agent needs to determine beforehand the probability of failure and the possible consequences of failure to its resources in interacting with an agent. The initiating agent can determine beforehand the probability of failure in interacting with an agent either by considering its past interaction history with it or by soliciting recommendations from other agents. In both cases, it is imperative for the agent who is either considering its past interaction history, or who is communicating a recommendation about the other agent, to know the accurate level of failure in interacting with the other agent. To achieve this, in this paper we propose a methodology by which the initiating agent of the interaction ascertains the level of failure in the interaction, after interacting with an agent.

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Ascertaining Risk In Financial Terms In Digital Business Ecosystem Environments', 2007 Inaugural IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 594-599.
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In a digital business ecosystem environment the trusting agent by analysing beforehand the possible risk in interacting with a probable trusted agent, can make a better decision of its future course of interaction with it. A possible outcome of Risk is t

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Determining The Loss Of Investment Probability For Risk Based Decision Support System', 6th IEEE/acis International Conference On Computer And Information Science, Proceedings, IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science in Conjunction with 1st IEEE/ACIS International Workshop on, IEEE Computer Soc, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1129-1134.
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In an e-commerce interaction it is rational for the initiating agent to be apprehensive about the outcome of the interaction and fear for the safety of its resources involved in it. The initiating agent can alleviate this to a certain extent by determini

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Quantifying The Level Of Failure In A Digital Business Ecosystem Interactions', Etfa 2007: 12th IEEE International Conference On Emerging Technologies And Factory Automation, Vols 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, IEEE, Patras, GREECE, pp. 818-825.
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To ascertain the possible level of risk in a digital business ecosystem interaction, the initiating agent has to determine beforehand the probability of failure, the possible consequences of failure, and the loss of investment probability to its resource

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Quantifying The Loss In Resource Benefit For Risk Based Decision In Digital Business Ecosystem', 2007 IEEE International Symposium On Industrial Electronics, Proceedings, Vols 1-8, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Vigo, SPAIN, pp. 2917-2922.
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In a financial digital business ecosystem, the trusting agent by analyzing beforehand the possible risk in interacting with a probable trusted agent can make a better decision of its future course of interaction with it. Another factor that would help th

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Towards Quantifying The Possible Risk In E-commerce Interactions For Rdss', Icebe 2007: IEEE International Conference On E-business Engineering, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, IEEE Computer Soc, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 89-96.
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By analyzing the possible level of Risk beforehand the initiating agent can make an informed decision of its future course of interaction with an agent. The possible risk in the context of an e-commerce interaction is a multidimensional construct which i

Hussain, OK, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Ascertaining risk in financial terms in digital business ecosystem environments', Proceedings of the 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, DEST 2007, pp. 296-301.
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In a digital business ecosystem environment the trusting agent by analysing beforehand the possible risk in interacting with a probable trusted agent, can make a better decision of its future course of interaction with it. A possible outcome of Risk is the loss to trusting agent's resources involved in the interaction. In a financial interaction, the possible loss that may be incurred is usually the monetary loss in the resources of the trusting agent that are involved in the interaction. In this paper, we propose a methodology by which the trusting agent can determine beforehand the possible Risk in financial terms or the possible loss to its resources as a result of interacting with a probable trusted agent. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, OK, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Quantifying failure for risk based decision making in digital business ecosystem interactions', Second International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, ICIW'07.
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Due to technological advancement of the internet, conducting e-commerce transactions have become a part of our daily lives. In a financial interaction to be carried over the digital business ecosystem domain, it is rational for an agent instigating the interaction to analyse beforehand the possible risk in interacting with any other agent. Doing so would give the instigating agent an idea of direction in which its interaction might head and also help it to make an informed decision of its future course of action with that particular agent. For risk analysis, the instigating agent has to determine beforehand the probability of failure and the possible consequences of failure in interacting with an agent. In this paper, we propose such a methodology by which the instigating agent quantifies the probability of failure beforehand in interacting with an agent according to the demand of its future interaction with it. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, OK, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Quantifying the possible financial consequences of failure for making a risk based decision', Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection, ICIMP 2007.
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In a financial e-commerce interaction it is rational for the initiating agent to analyze beforehand the possible risk in interacting with any other agent. Doing so would give the initiating agent an idea of direction in which its interaction might head and also help it to make an informed decision of its future course of action with that particular agent. For risk analysis in the context of e-commerce interactions, the initiating agent has to determine beforehand the probability of failure and the possible consequences of failure in interacting with an agent. In this paper, we propose a methodology by which the initiating agent can determine beforehand the possible consequences of failure in its resources, according to the demand of its future interaction with an agent. © 2007 IEEE.

Islam, MR & Zhou, W 2007, 'An innovative analyser for email classification based on grey list analysis', Proceedings - 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops, NPC 2007, pp. 176-182.
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In this paper we propose a new technique of email classification based on grey list (GL) analysis of user emails. This technique is based on the analysis of output emails of an integrated model which uses multiple classifiers of statistical learning algorithms [8]. The GL is a list of classifier/(s) output which is/are not considered as true positive (TP) and true negative (TN) but in the middle of them. Many works have been done to filter spam from legitimate emails using classification algorithm and substantial performance has been achieved with some amount of false positive (FP) tradeoffs. In the case of spam detection the FP problem is unacceptable, sometimes. The proposed technique will provide a list of output emails, called "grey list (GL)", to the analyser for making decisions about the status of these emails. It has been shown that the performance of our proposed technique for email classification is much better compare to existing systems, in order to reducing FP problems and accuracy. © 2007 IEEE.

Islam, MR & Zhou, W 2007, 'Architecture of adaptive spam filtering based on machine learning algorithms', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 458-469.
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Spam is commonly defined as unsolicited email messages and the goal of spam filtering is to distinguish between spam and legitimate email messages. Much work has been done to filter spam from legitimate emails using machine learning algorithm and substantial performance has been achieved with some amount of false positive (FP) tradeoffs. In the case of spam detection FP problem is unacceptable sometimes. In this paper, an adaptive spam filtering model has been proposed based on Machine learning (ML) algorithms which will get better accuracy by reducing FP problems. This model consists of individual and combined filtering approach from existing well known ML algorithms. The proposed model considers both individual and collective output and analyzes them by an analyzer. A dynamic feature selection (DFS) technique also proposed in this paper for getting better accuracy. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Islam, MR & Zhou, W 2007, 'Email categorization using multi-stage classification technique', Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT Proceedings, pp. 51-58.
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This paper presents an innovative email categorization using a serialized multi-stage classification ensembles technique. Many approaches are used in practice for email categorization to control the menace of spam emails in different ways. Content-based email categorization employs filtering techniques using classification algorithms to learn to predict spam e-mails given a corpus of training e-mails. This process achieves a substantial performance with some amount of FP tradeoffs. It has been studied and investigated with different classification algorithms and found that the outputs of the classifiers vary from one classifier to another with same email corpora. In this paper we have proposed a multi-stage classification technique using different popular learning algorithms with an analyser which reduces the FP (false positive) problems substantially and increases classification accuracy compared to similar existing techniques. © 2007 IEEE.

Islam, MR, Zhou, W & Choudhury, MU 2007, 'Dynamic feature selection for spam filtering using support vector machine', Proceedings - 6th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science, ICIS 2007; 1st IEEE/ACIS International Workshop on e-Activity, IWEA 2007, pp. 757-762.
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Spam is commonly defined as unsolicited email messages and the goal of spam filtering is to differentiate spam from legitimate email. Much work have been done to filter spam from legitimate emails using machine learning algorithm and substantial performance has been achieved with some amount of false positive (FP) tradeoffs. In this paper, architecture of spam filtering has been proposed based on Support Vector Machine (SVM,) which will get better accuracy by reducing FP problems. In this architecture an innovative technique for feature selection called Dynamic Feature Selection (DFS) has been proposed which is enhanced the overall performance of the architecture with reduction of FP problems. The experimental result shows that the proposed technique gives better performance compare to similar existing techniques. © 2007 IEEE.

Jay, B 2007, 'N/A', Proceedings of the Thirteenth Computing: The Austalasian Theory Symposium (CATS2007), Computing: The Australasian Theory Symposium, Australian Computer Society, Victoria, Australia, pp. 1-163.

Johnston, AJ & Marks, B 2007, 'Partial reflections: interactive virtual instruments controlled by sound', Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition, ACM Creativity and Cognition, Association for Computing Machinery, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 257-258.
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In this paper we describe two interactive virtual musical instruments that are controlled by sound. These instruments are based on virtual physical models that can be pushed and prodded by making sounds into a microphone. These models provide a mapping between acoustic sounds and computer generated sounds and visuals.

Johnston, AJ, Marks, B & Candy, L 2007, 'Sound Controlled Musical Instruments Based On Physical Models', Proceedings of the 2007 International Computer Music Conference, International Computer Music Conference, International Computer Music Association, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 232-239.
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This paper describes three simple virtual musical instruments that use physical models to map between live sound and computer generated audio and video. The intention is that this approach will provide musicians with an intuitively understandable environment that facilitates musical expression and exploration. Musicians live sound exerts `forces' on simple mass-spring physical models which move around in response and produce sound. Preliminary findings from a study of musicians' experiences using the software indicate that musicians find the software easy to understand and interact with and are drawn to software with more complex interaction - even though this complexity can reduce the feeling of direct control.

Johnston, BG & Williams, M 2007, 'A Generic Framework for Approximate Simulation in Commonsense Reasoning Systems', International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense R, Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, AAAI Press, Stanford University, USA, pp. 71-76.
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This paper introduces the Slick architecture and outlines how it may be applied to solve the well known Egg-Cracking Problem. In contrast to other solutions to this problem that are based on formal logics, the Slick architecture is based on general- purpose and low-resolution quantitative simulations. On this benchmark problem, the Slick architecture offers greater elaboration tolerance and allows for faster elicitation of more general axioms. "This paper was selected by a process of anonymous peer reviewing for presentation at COMMONSENSE 2007" - first page of http://www.ucl.ac.uk/commonsense07/papers/johnston-and-williams.pdf "All submissions will be reviewed by the program committee listed at www.ucl.ac.uk/commonsense07/committee , and notification of acceptance will be given by November 24, 2006." - from CFP at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/commonsense07/cfp/

Kang, DJ & Dyson, LE 2007, 'Internet Politics in South Korea: The Case of Rohsamo and Ohmynews', Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Conference on Information Systems: Research, Relevance and Rigour: Coming of Age, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Univeristy of Southern Queensland, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, pp. 1027-1034.
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Kazienko, P & Musial, K 2007, 'Assessment of personal importance based on social networks', MICAI 2007: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 6th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI 2007), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Aguascalientes, MEXICO, pp. 529-+.

Kubiak, B, Pietroni, N, Ganovelli, F & Fratarcangeli, M 2007, 'A robust method for real-time thread simulation', Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, ACM, pp. 85-88.

Lai, W, Huang, X, Nguyen, Q & Huang, M 2007, 'Applying Graph Layout Techniques to Web Information Visualization and Navigation', Proc. of Int'l Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV07), International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE, Bangkok Thailand, pp. 447-453.
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Graph layout techniques have been developed for many years, there is a few applying to real world applications. This paper presents an application of applying graph layout techniques in web information visualization and navigation. Most Web browsers, including Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer, cannot give users a visual “map” to guide their Web journey. An approach of using a graph for Web navigation has been proposed. That is to look at the whole of cyberspace as one huge graph. To explore this huge graph, it is critical to find an effective method of tracking a sequence of subsets (Web sub-graphs) of the huge graph based on the user's focus. Any on-line Web subgraph should fit in the display window. To enhance the display of a Web sub-graph, there should not be any overlaps between node images in the Web sub-graph.

Lalanne, D & van den Hoven, E 2007, 'Supporting Human Memory with Interactive Systems', Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual conference 2007 on People and Computers (HCI2007), BCS-HCI'07, British Computer Society, Lancaster, UK, pp. 215-216.
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The major goal of this workshop is to explore how interactive systems can support human memory, using novel technologies and innovative human/machine interaction paradigms, such as tangible interaction. We believe this is important since memory and attention are becoming critical resources for our wellness, e.g. with regard to a continuously increasing information overload. The goal of this workshop is not only to support personal information management but also daily life activities, e.g. adapted to user preferences and specific contexts. Where current multimedia search engines are designed for large user communities and their applications, this workshop targets the support of individualâs personal memory in everyday life.

Leaney, J, Rozenblit, JW & Jianfeng, P 2007, 'Proceeding - 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, ECBS 2007: Raising Expectations of Computer-Based Systems: Foreword', Proceedings of the International Symposium and Workshop on Engineering of Computer Based Systems.
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Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC & Lawrence, EM 2007, 'Smart Homecare System for Health Tele-monitoring', Proceedings of First International Conference on the Digital Society (ICDS 2007), International Conference on Digital Society, IEEE Computer Society, Guadaloupe, French Carribean, pp. 1-5.
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An increasing aged population worldwide puts our medical capabilities to the test. Research and commercial groups are investigating novel ways to care for the aged and chronically ill both in their own homes and in care facilities. This paper describes a prototype we have developed for remote healthcare monitoring. This personalized smart homecare system uses smart phones, wireless sensors, web servers and IP webcams. To illustrate the functionality of the prototype we describe a series of typical tele-health monitoring scenarios

Li, K, Zhou, WL, Yu, S & Dai, B 2007, 'A parallel downloading algorithm for redundant networks', CIT 2007: 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, pp. 177-182.
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In this paper, we study the downloading mechanism of BitTorrent (or BT), a P2P based popular and convenient parallel downloading software tool, point out some of its limitations, and propose an algorithm to improve its performance. In particular, we address the limitations of BT by using neighbours in P2P networks to resolve the redundant copies problem and to optimise the downloading speed. Our preliminary experiments show that the proposed enhancement algorithm works well. © 2007 IEEE.

Li, K, Zhou, WL, Yu, S & Zhang, Y 2007, 'A resource-search and routing algorithm within PCDN autonomy area', Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT Proceedings, pp. 509-514.
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This paper studied a new type of network model; it is formed by the dynamic autonomy area, the structured source servers and the proxy servers. The new network model satisfies the dynamics within the autonomy area, where each node undertakes different tasks according to their different abilities, to ensure that each node has the load ability fit its own; it does not need to exchange information via the central servers, so it can carry out the efficient data transmission and routing search. According to the highly dynamics of the autonomy area, we established dynamic tree structure-proliferation system routing and resource-search algorithms and simulated these algorithms. Test results show the performance of the proposed network model and the algorithms are very stable. © 2007 IEEE.

Liefhold, C, Grosse-Wentrup, M, Gramann, K & Buss, M 2007, 'Comparison of adaptive spatial filters with heuristic and optimized region of interest for EEG based brain-computer-interfaces', PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, 29th Annual Symposium of the German-Association-for-Pattern-Recognition, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Heidelberg, GERMANY, pp. 274-+.

Lin, CT, Chen, SA, Cheng, YC & Hong, CT 2007, 'CNN-based local motion estimation for image stabilization processing and its implementation', Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 1816-1819.
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The objective of this paper is to investigate a novel design for local motion vectors (LMVs) of image sequences, which are often used in a digital image stabilization (IS) system. The IS technique removes unwanted shaking phenomenon in image sequences captured by hand-held camcorders. It includes two main parts such as motion estimation and compensation. Most of computation power occurs in the part of motion estimation. In order to reduce this complexity, an idea, which integrates an adaptive-threshold method and cellular neural networks (CNN) architecture, is designed to improve this problem. The design only implements the most important local motion estimation with the array size of 19×25 pixels. Experimental results with HSPICE simulation and CNNLM are shown that the proposed architecture fast searches the location of possible LVMs and has the capability of real-time operations. ©2006 IEEE.

Lin, CT, Chuang, SW, Chen, YC, Ko, LW, Liang, SF & Jung, TP 2007, 'EEG effects of motion sickness induced in a dynamic virtual reality environment', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, pp. 3872-3875.
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The Electroencephalogram (EEG) dynamics which relate to motion sickness are studied in this paper. Instead of providing visual or motion stimuli to the subjects to induce motion sickness, we employed a dynamic virtual-reality (VR) environment in our research. The environment consisted of a 3D surrounding VR scene and a motion platform providing a realistic situation. This environment provided the advantages of safety, low cost, and the realistic stimuli to induce motion sickness. The Motion Sickness Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to assess the sickness level, and the EEG effects on the subjects with high sickness levels were investigated using the independent component analysis (ICA). The fake-epoch extraction was then applied to the nausea-related independent components. Finally we employed the Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) technology on the fake-epochs in order to determine the EEG dynamics during motion sickness. The experimental results show that most subjects experienced an 8-10 Hz power increase to their motion sickness-related phenomena in the parietal and motor areas. Moreover, some subjects experienced an EEG power increase of 18-20 Hz in their synchronized responses recorded in the same areas. The motion sickness-related effects and regions can be successfully obtained from our experimental results. ©2007 IEEE.

Lin, C-T, Hsieh, H-Y, Liang, S-F, Chen, Y-C & Ko, L-W 2007, 'Development of a wireless embedded brain - Computer interface and its application on drowsiness detection and warning', ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS, PROCEEDINGS, 7th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics held at the HCI International 2007, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 561-+.

Lin, CT, Huang, YC, Mei, TW, Pu, HC & Hong, CT 2007, 'Multi-objects tracking system using adaptive background reconstruction technique and its application to traffic parameters extraction', Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 2057-2062.
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In this paper, we present a real-time multi-objects tracking system which can detect various types of moving objects in image sequences of traffic video obtained from a stationary video camera. Using the adaptive background reconstruction technique can effectively handle with environmental changes and obtain good results of objects extraction. Besides, we introduce a robust region- and feature-based tracking algorithm with plentiful features to track correct objects continuously. After tracking objects successfully, we can analyze the tracked objects' properties and recognize their behavior for extracting some useful traffic parameters. According to the structure of our proposed algorithms, we implemented a tracking system including the functions of objects classification and accident prediction. Experiments were conducted on real-life traffic video of some intersection and testing datasets of other surveillance research. The results proved the algorithms we proposed achieved robust segmentation of moving objects and successful tracking with objects occlusion or splitting events. The implemented system also extracted useful traffic parameters. © 2006 IEEE.

Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Lin, K-L, Kuo, B-C, Liang, S-F, Chung, I-F & Van, L-D 2007, 'Classification of driver's cognitive responses using nonparametric single-trial EEG analysis', 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-11, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, New Orleans, LA, pp. 2019-+.
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Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Lin, Y-H, Jung, T-P, Liang, S-F & Hsiao, L-S 2007, 'EEG activities of dynamic stimulation in VR driving motion simulator', ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS, PROCEEDINGS, 7th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics held at the HCI International 2007, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 551-+.

Lin, CT, Liang, SF, Chao, WH, Ko, LW, Chao, CF, Chen, YC & Huang, TY 2007, 'Driving style classification by analyzing eeg responses to unexpected obstacle dodging tasks', Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 4916-4919.
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Driving safely has received increasing attention of the publics due to the growing number of traffic accidents that the driver's driving style is highly correlated to many accidents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between driver's driving style and driver's ERP response. In our research, a virtual reality (VR) driving environment is developed to provide stimuli to subjects. Independent component analysis (ICA) is used to decompose the electroencephalogram (EEG) data. The power spectrum analysis of ICA components and correlation analysis are employed to investigate the EEG activities related to driving style. Experimental results demonstrate that we may classify the drivers into aggressive or gentle styles based on the observed ERP difference corresponding to the proposed unexpected obstacle dodging tasks. © 2006 IEEE.

Lin, X, Yuan, Y, Zhang, Q & Zhang, Y 2007, 'Selecting stars: The k most representative skyline operator', Proceedings - International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 86-95.
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Skyline computation has many applications including multi-criteria decision making. In this paper, we study the problem of selecting k skyline points so that the number of points, which are dominated by at least one of these k skyline points, is maximized. We first present an efficient dynamic programming based exact algorithm in a 2d-space. Then, we show that the problem is NP-hard when the dimensionality is 3 or more and it can be approximately solved by a polynomial time algorithm with the guaranteed approximation ratio 1 - 1/e. To speed-up the computation, an efficient, scalable, index-based randomized algorithm is developed by applying the FM probabilistic counting technique. A comprehensive performance evaluation demonstrates that our randomized technique is very efficient, highly accurate, and scalable. © 2007 IEEE.

Lister, RF 2007, 'The Neglected Middle Novice Programmer: Reading and Writing without Abstracting', 20th Annual Conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Nelson, New Zealand, pp. 133-140.
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Many teachers of novice programmers have lamented that students either seem to have a natural gift for programming, or have no gift for it at all. In this paper, we discuss a third group of students, the middle novice programmer. At the completion of their first semester of programming, these students can manifest a strong concrete grasp of the semantics of basic programming language constructs, by hand executing code, but they cannot reason about code at a higher goal/plan level. The research evidence presented in this paper for the existence of these middle novice programmers is from the analysis of twelve multiple choice questions, which students attempted as part of an end-of-first-semester exam.

Lister, RF, Berglund, A, Box, I, Cope, C, Pears, A, Avram, C, Bower, M, Carbone, A, Davey, B, de, RM, Doyle, BJ, Fitzgerald, S, Mannila, L, Kutay, C, peltomaki, P, Sheard, J, Sutton, K, Traynor, D, Tutty, J & Venables, A 2007, 'Differing Ways that Computing Academics Understand Teaching.', Australian Computer Science Communications - Proceedings of the ninth Australasian conference on Computing education, Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australian Computer Society, Ballarat, Australia, pp. 97-106.
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This paper presents first results from a wide-ranging phenomenographic study of computing academics' understanding of teaching. These first results focus upon four areas: the role of lab practical sessions, the experience of teaching success, conceptions of motivating and engaging students, and the granularity of the teacher's focus. The findings are comparable with prior work on the understandings of academics in other disciplines. This study was started as part of a workshop on phenomenography. Most participants at the workshop received their first training in phenomenography. This paper summarises the structure of the workshop.

Litchfield, AJ, Dyson, LE, Lawrence, EM & Bachfischer, A 2007, 'Directions for mlearning research to enhance active learning', ICT: Providing choices for learners and learning. Proceedings ascilite Singapore 2007, Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, Centre for Educational Development, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, pp. 587-596.
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This paper aims to inform readers of suggested directions for researching how mobile technology can enhance active student learning. These directions are informed by an online survey of our students in early 2007 and a contemporary literature search. We present the findings of our search of global best-practice in mlearning, gaps in the current literature are identified and five directions are suggested for 2007 mlearning research and development. We start discussing how to investigate these suggested directions.

Liu, B, Lu, J, Zhang, G, Hao, Z & Gao, Y 2007, 'A support vector machine model for the situation awareness system', The First International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Atlantis Press, Shanghai, China, pp. 244-248.
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Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'A rule-map based technique for information inconsistency verification', International Conference on Information, Decision and Control, IEEE Conference on Information, Decision and Control, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 296-301.
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This paper focuses on the problem of verifying information inconsistencies in acquired information. A rule-map based technique for data inconsistency is presented, where rule-map is used to describe hierarchical structure of rules and estimate judgment standard for consistency dynamically. Moreover, a state-based knowledge representation technique for logical inconsistency is investigated, in which knowledge is illustrated as states set of related objects and logical inconsistency is determined by the relationships between those state-sets. To illustrate the presented techniques, two examples are given.

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'A rule-map based technique for information inconsistency verification', 2007 INFORMATION DECISION AND CONTROL, Conference on Information Decision and Control, IEEE, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA, pp. 253-+.

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'A two-level information filtering model for warning systems', IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-criteria Decision-Making, IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, IEEE, Hawaii, USA, pp. 354-359.
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Information filtering is an important component in warning systems. This paper proposes a two-level information filtering model for generating warning information. In this model, information is represented by n-tuple, whose elements are values of information features. The features of information are divided into critical and uncritical features. Within this model, the collected information is filtered in two stages by users at different levels. At the first stage, exceptions are separated from normal information. And at the second stage, critical exceptions are separated from uncritical information. To illustration the proposed model, an example is discussed

Madhisetty, S 2007, 'Utility Computing and Its Applications', Managing Worldwide Operations & Communications with Information Technology, 2007 Information Resources Management Association, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 1037-1038.

Maxwell, CI, O'Neill, T & Leaney, JR 2007, 'Formal architecture transformation using heuristics', Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 15-24.
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Heuristics have long been a popular and effective mechanism for capturing the knowledge of experts. In recent times, however, the more common use of heuristics has been as a means for communicating ideas at an abstract level, with little consideration to their potential as a structured approach to design improvement. With this paper we present the issues surrounding, and a structured method for, formally capturing architectural change embodied within heuristics. We demonstrate how through the application of graph theory, category theory and predicate calculus we can capture change within a heuristic and then use it to achieve formal heuristic-based transformation of a real-world system. By capturing heuristics in the structured and formal manner discussed in this paper we present ourselves with the opportunity to create a practical and reliable heuristic-based architecture transformation system. This is done within the wider context of achieving a process for optimising the non-functional qualities of a system architecture through design transformation.

McGregor, C & Frize, M 2007, 'Women in biomedical engineering and health informatics', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, p. 238.
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A valuable session for anyone whether student or not, interested in learning more about Biomedical Engineering and Health Informatics as a career choice for women. Prominent women within the domains Biomedical Engineering and Health Informatics will present as members of a panel on issues such as time management and getting hired for a medical technology career. Other topics for discussion include: career/family balance, experiences with and strategies to eliminate glass ceilings together with working in a profession perceived to be male dominated. Latest information will be provided on the representation of women within these professions. Utilise the fantastic networking opportunity that will conclude this session to build and establish new professional networks with other women interested in your fields of expertise. Bring your contact details and be ready to make new contacts that are relevant for you! Time Management is a pre-requesite to professional success and income and societal impact are directly related to a person's ability to do good time management. There are some simple but fundamental guidelines that can be implemented by anyone and that have large and lasting impacts. This brief overview will go over some of the secrets of time management. How to get hired for a medical technology career. A highly technical education, solid interviewing skills and focused networking are the keys to success. You can be prepared © 2007 IEEE.

McGregor, C & Kneale, B 2007, 'Simulated neonatal intensive care units to support neonatologist international mobility', Proceedings of the 3rd IASTED International Conference on Telehealth, pp. 124-129.
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Intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide offer support for patients in need of critical care. They boast a range of state-of-the-art medical monitoring devices to monitor a patient's physiological parameters such as blood oxygen, blood pressure, and heart rate. Other devices such as ventilators offer mechanical life support. While much of the existing research enabling ICT support for ICUs has focussed on the delivery of alerts, these approaches do not support mobility well. The Bush Babies on Broadband project aims to support NICU patient and care provider mobility. A key benefit of the Bush Babies on Broadband framework is that it is available to link regional hospitals with the supporting NICU Neonatologist 'on demand' eliminating the need to establish permanent point to point connections. The focus of this paper is on the reapplication of the Bush Babies on Broadband architecture to support mobility of the care provider. The ability of a Neonatologist to access multi-media information for babies contained within their neonatal intensive care unit, while located overseas is tested and results are presented.

McGregor, C & Stacey, M 2007, 'High frequency distributed data stream event correlation to improve neonatal clinical management', ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 146-151.
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Approximately eighteen percent (18%) of babies born in New South Wales (NSW), Australia require special care or neonatal intensive care admission. Premature babies can be up to 17 weeks early and may only weigh 450gms; they can spend 3 or 4 months in intensive care and have dozens of specific diseases before discharge, many of these may have long term implications for the future health of the individual. In addition, fifteen percent of neonatal intensive care admissions are transferred after delivery from smaller regional or remote hospitals without intensive care facilities to larger Tertiary Referral or Children's Hospitals with Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Similar conditions apply within Australia, New Zealand, Canada, USA and elsewhere where small non-tertiary units are spread throughout the country. This paper presents case study based applied research in progress supporting the development of a distributed event stream processing framework to enable high frequency distributed data stream event correlation to improve neonatal clinical management. This research extends the traditional notion of event-based approaches by extending the notion of an event to incorporate a composite event that exists over a period of time, as is required within the domain of health and medicine. This is achieved through a multi-agent event calculus based approach that supports temporal abstraction. A key contribution of this research is the ability to support automated medical condition onset detection. © 2007 ACM.

Mendoza, R, Johnston, BG, Yang, F, Huang, Z, Chen, X & Williams, M 2007, 'OBOC: Ontology Based Object Categorisation for Robots', The Fourth International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Massey University Press, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 178-183.
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Meaningfully managing the relationship between representations and the entities they represent remains a challenge in robotics known as grounding. Useful insights can be found by approaching robotic systems development specifically with the grounding and symbol grounding problem in mind. In particular, Semantic Web technologies turn out to be not merely applicable to web-based software agents, but can also provide a powerful extension to existing proposals for grounded robotic systems development. Given the interoperability and openness of the Semantic Web, such technologies can increase the ability for a robot to introspect, communicate and be inspected - benefits that ultimately lead to more grounded systems with open-ended intelligent behaviour.

Merz, S, Oberst, S, Dylejko, PG, Kessissoglou, NJ, Tso, YK & Marburg, S 2005, 'Development of coupled FE/BE models to investigate the structural and acoustic responses of a submerged vessel', JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS, 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Computational Acoustics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 23-47.
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Nataatmadja, I, Sixsmith, AJ & Dyson, LE 2007, 'Improving Class Participation by Asian Students', Managing Worldwide Operations and Communications with Information Technology, International Conference on Information Resources Management, IGI Publishing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 74-77.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Cognition-driven decision support system framework', The First International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Atlantis Press, Shanghai, China, pp. 353-357.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Enriching executives situation awareness and mental models: a conceptual ESS framework', 9th ICEIS, International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, INSTICC, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 510-515.
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Niu, L, Lu, J, Chew, E & Zhang, G 2007, 'An exploratory cognitive business intelligence system', Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, WI 2007, pp. 812-815.
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An exploratory study of web-based cognitive business intelligence systems (CBIS) is presented in this paper. The underpinning concepts and theories are situation awareness, mental model, and naturalistic decision making (NDM). The CBIS is an extension of the traditional business intelligence system with cognitive orientation. It focuses on developing, enriching, and utilizing the executive's situation awareness, mental models, and other past experience during human-computer interaction, which drives the decision process to approach a naturalistic decision. © 2007 IEEE.

Niu, L, Lu, J, Chew, EK & Zhang, G 2007, 'An exploratory cognitive business intelligence system', Proceedings 2007 IEEE / WIC /ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence. 2007, IEEE/WIC/ACM international Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, Silicon Valley, USA, pp. 812-815.
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An exploratory study of web-based cognitive business intelligence systems (CBIS) is presented in this paper. The underpinning concepts and theories are situation awareness, mental model, and naturalistic decision making (NDM). The CBIS is an extension of the traditional business intelligence system with cognitive orientation. It focuses on developing, enriching, and utilizing the executive's situation awareness, mental models, and other past experience during human-computer interaction, which drives the decision process to approach a naturalistic decision.

Octavia, JR, van den Hoven, E & de Mondt, H 2007, 'Overcoming the Distance between Friends', Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual conference 2007 on People and Computers (HCI2007), BCS-HCI'07, British Computer Society, Lancaster, UK, pp. 79-82.
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Staying in touch is a fundamental aspect in maintaining a long-distance relationship, whether it is in a family context or a friendship. An effective communication appliance can enable families or friends living apart to have a feeling of connectedness and help them to maintain their relationship despite the physical distance. This paper describes the results of an exploration study on people living far away from their families and friends, with a focus on how they stay in touch with their close friends and overcome the distance. The targeted user group in this study is geographically and physically isolated people. A user study was conducted by means of a survey, focus group and interview. The results show that sharing problems and feelings between two remotely located friends is crucial. Consequently, the design goal was set to enable users to notify and physically comfort each other, in a subtle way, through a remote but shared experience, whenever a problem or feeling occurs.

Pal, U, Sharma, N, Wakabayashi, T & Kimura, F 2007, 'Off-line handwritten character recognition of devnagari script', Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR, pp. 496-500.
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In this paper we present a system towards the recognition of off-line handwritten characters of Devnagari, the most popular script in India. The features used for recognition purpose are mainly based on directional information obtained from the arc tangent of the gradient. To get the feature, at first, a 2 x 2 mean filtering is applied 4 times on the gray level image and a non-linear size normalization is done on the image. The normalized image is then segmented to 49 x 49 blocks and a Roberts filter is applied to obtain gradient image. Next, the arc tangent of the gradient (direction of gradient) is initially quantized into 32 directions and the strength of the gradient is accumulated with each of the quantized direction. Finally, the blocks and the directions are down sampled using Gaussian filter to get 392 dimensional feature vector. A modified quadratic classifier is applied on these features for recognition. We used 36172 handwritten data for testing our system and obtained 94.24% accuracy using 5-fold cross-validation scheme. © 2007 IEEE.

Pal, U, Wakabayashi, T, Sharma, N & Kimura, F 2007, 'Handwritten numeral recognition of six popular Indian scripts', Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR, pp. 749-753.
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India is a multi-lingual multi-script country but there is not much work towards handwritten character recognition of Indian languages. In this paper we propose a modified quadratic classifier based scheme towards the recognition of off-line handwritten numerals of six popular Indian scripts. Here we consider Devnagari, Bangla, Telugu, Oriya, Kannada and Tamil scripts for our experiment. The features used in the classifier are obtained from the directional information of the numerals. For feature computation, the bounding box of a numeral is segmented into blocks and the directional features are computed in each of the blocks. These blocks are then down sampled by a Gaussian filter and the features obtained from the down sampled blocks are fed to a modified quadratic classifier for recognition. Here we have used two sets of feature. We have used 64 dimensional features for high-speed recognition and 400 dimensional features for high-accuracy recognition in our proposed system. A five-fold cross validation technique has been used for result computation and we obtained 99.56%, 98.99%, 99.37%, 98.40%, 98.71% and 98.51% accuracy from Devnagari, Bangla, Telugu, Oriya, Kannada, and Tamil scripts, respectively.

Parakhine, A, O'Neill, T & Leaney, JR 2007, 'Application of Bayesian Networks to Architectural Optimisation', Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 37-44.
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The field of optimisation covers a great multitude of principles, methods and frameworks aimed at maximisation of an objective under constraints. However, the classical optimisation can not be easily applied in the context of computer-based systems architecture as there is not enough knowledge concerning the dependencies between non-functional qualities of the system. Out approach is based on the simulation optimisation methodology where the system simulation is first created to assess the current state of the design with respect to the objectives. The results of the simulation are used to construct a Bayesian belief network which effectively becomes a base for an objective function and serves as the main source of the decision support pertaining to the guidance of the optimisation process. The potential effects of each proposed change or combination of changes is then examined by updating and re-evaluating the system simulation

Pietroni, N, Otaduy, MA, Bickel, B, Ganovelli, F & Gross, M 2007, 'Texturing internal surfaces from a few cross sections', Computer Graphics Forum, Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK, pp. 637-644.

Raban, R, Dyson, LE & Lawrence, EM 2007, 'mInteract: Talk with Your Class', UTS Teaching and Learning Forum, University of Technology, Sydney.
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Poster presentation, with abstract published on conference website

Ruan, D, Lu, J, Laes, E, Zhang, G, Wu, F & Hardeman, F 2007, 'Fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support in long-term options of Belgian energy policy', IEEE North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society Conference 2007, North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society Conference, IEEE, San Diego, CA, pp. 496-501.
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Decision making requires multiple perspectives of different people as one single decision maker may have not enough knowledge to well solve a problem alone. This is particularly true when the decision environment becomes more complex. More organizational decisions are made now in groups than ever before. Group decision making is thus a process of arriving at a judgment or a solution for a decision problem based on the input and feedback of multiple individuals. At the same time in practice, multi-criteria problems at tactical and strategic levels often involve fuzziness in their criteria and decision makers' judgments. Relevant alternatives are evaluated according to a number of criteria. Fuzzy logic based multi-criteria group decision support is justified to analysis long-term options for Belgian energy policy in this paper.

Sajjanhar, A, Lu, G, Zhang, D & Zhou, W 2007, 'A composite descriptor for shape retrieval', Proceedings - 6th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science, ICIS 2007; 1st IEEE/ACIS International Workshop on e-Activity, IWEA 2007, pp. 795-800.
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In this paper, a composite descriptor for shape retrieval has been proposed. The proposed descriptor is obtained from Generic Fourier Descriptors (GFD) for the shape region and the shape contour. A composite descriptor derived from GFD of the shape region and the shape contour is used for indexing and retrieval of shapes. Difference between two images is computed as the Euclidean distance between their composite descriptors. Experiments are performed to test the effectiveness of the proposed descriptor for retrieval of 2d images. Sets of composite descriptors, obtained by assigning different weights to the region component and the contour component, are also evaluated. Item S8 within the MPEG-7 Still Images Content Set is used for performing experiments; this dataset consists of 3621 still images. Experimental results show that the proposed descriptor is effective. © 2007 IEEE.

Sharma, N, Pal, U & Kimura, F 2007, 'Recognition of handwritten Kannada numerals', Proceedings - 9th International Conference on Information Technology, ICIT 2006, pp. 133-136.
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This paper deals with a quadratic classifier based scheme for the recognition of off-line handwritten numerals of Kannada, an important Indian script. The features used in the classifier are obtained from the directional chain code information of the contour points of the characters. The bounding box of a character is segmented into blocks and the chain code histogram is computed in each of the blocks. Here we have used 64 dimensional and 100 dimensional features for a comparative study on the recognition accuracy of our proposed system. This chain code features are fed to the quadratic classifier for recognition. We tested our scheme on 2300 data samples and obtained 97.87% and 98.45% recognition accuracy using 64 dimensional and 100 dimensional features respectively, from the proposed scheme using five-fold cross-validation technique. © 2006 IEEE.

Shi, W & Zhou, W 2007, 'Identifying transcription factor binding sites in promoters of human genes', Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology, ICCGI'06.
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Transcription factor binding sites play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. This study develops a different computational approach to discover putative TFBSs in 17407 human promoters. 89 8-mer sequences are discovered from this research, including 12 new putative TFBSs. All these 12 putative TFBSs show peaks at the location upstream from TSS. 30 out of 89 sequences were also discovered by FitzGerald et al.(FitzGerald et al. 2004), 63 out of 89 sequences match the motifs discovered by Xie et al. (Xie et al. 2005) and 20 out of 89 sequences match the TRANSFAC motifs built from TRANSFAC database by Xie et al. The only predicted TFBS by FitzGerald is verified by our research. © 2006 IEEE.

Sidhu, A, Hussain, FK, Dillon, TS & Chang, E 2007, 'Trust Based Decision Making Approach For Protein Ontology', Etfa 2007: 12th IEEE International Conference On Emerging Technologies And Factory Automation, Vols 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, IEEE, Patras, GREECE, pp. 810-813.
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Biomedical Knowledge of Proteomics Domain is represented in the Protein Ontology, whose instantiations, which are undergoing evolution, need a good management and maintenance system. Protein Ontology instantiations signify information about proteins that

Sims, F, Williams, M & Elliot, S 2007, 'Understanding the Mobile Experience Economy: A key to richer effective M-Business Models and Strategies', Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Business, International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE Computer Society Press, Toronto, Canada, pp. 1-8.
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A major challenge for firms these days is how to differentiate themselves in a global market and build competitive advantage. Many firms have been able to move up the value chain from a services base to an experience base as a means to attaining high levels of customer satisfaction and profitability. Consequently a better understanding of the experience economy will assist business managers and designers to develop effective strategies by focusing on the m-business experience and how this experience can build sustainable technology innovation, business models and strategies, and help design products for mobile delivery to meet the market's needs. In this paper we describe several experience economy models, identify their weaknesses, and introduce a new cognitive based experience model that can be used to develop more effective m-business infrastructure and applications. It offers a new understanding of experiences which emphasizes cognition as a whole which includes background knowledge, desires and intentions, rather than the sensory and perceptual aspects alone which are the focus of most traditional models. As a result the new model offers new predictive and explanatory power in understanding the m-business experience economy.

Stacey, M, McGregor, C & Tracy, M 2007, 'An architecture for multi-dimensional temporal abstraction and its application to support neonatal intensive care', 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16, 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, Lyon, FRANCE, pp. 3752-3756.
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Turini, G, Pietroni, N, Ganovelli, F & Scopigno, R 2007, 'Techniques for Computer Assisted Surgery.', Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference.

Ullmer, B, Schmidt, A, Hornecker, E, Hummels, C, Jacob, RJ & van den Hoven, E 2007, 'Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction (TEI'07)', TEI'07, TEI'07, ACM, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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It is our great pleasure to present the proceedings of the First International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction. This new conference addresses interaction, design, tools, use, and art, especially encouraging interdisciplinary research spanning these themes.For its inaugural year, TEI'07 is held in concert with the 14th Annual Mardi Gras conference at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Major sponsorship is provided by the LSU Center for Computation and Technology (CCT). The conference is in cooperation with ACM SIGGRAPH, with its proceedings to be archived in ACM's Digital Library.The Mardi Gras festival finds its roots some 5,000 years ago as a celebration of spring. In North America, the festival dates to French explorers' arrival at the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1699. Just south of New Orleans, where the river meets the sea, they named their landfall Point d'Mardi Gras, on occasion of the day.In this spirit of new life, discovery, cultural diversity, and celebration, each spring the Mardi Gras conference embraces a different theme of regional interest and relevance. This year, we have embraced tangible and embedded interaction, with aspirations of giving birth to a recurring annual gathering and celebration of research in this field.

van den Hoven, E & Mazalek, A 2007, 'Tangible Play: Research and Design for Tangible and Tabletop Games', Proceedings of the Intelligent User Interfaces conference 2007 (IUI'07), IUI'07, ACM, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 6-6.
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This workshop addresses questions related to the areas of tangible interaction, game design and emerging technologies for tangible and tabletop games. We bring together researchers and practitioners from diverse fields related to these topics, such as HCI, computer science, interaction design and game design. We seek collaborative ways to move forward the field of tangible and tabletop games.

van den Hoven, E, Frens, J, Aliakseyeu, D, Martens, J, Overbeeke, K & Peters, P 2007, 'Design Research & Tangible Interaction', Conference Proceedings, TEI' 07: First International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction, ACM, Baton Rouge, USA, pp. 109-116.
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The research on Tangible Interaction (TI) has been inspired by many different disciplines, including psychology, sociology, engineering and human-computer interaction (HCI). Now that the field is getting more mature, in the sense that basic technologies and interaction paradigms have been explored, we observe a growing potential for a more design-oriented research approach. We suggest that there are several arguments for this proposed broadening of the TI-perspective: 1) the need for designing products within contexts-of-use that are much more challenging and diverse than the task-oriented desktop (or tabletop) systems that mostly inspire us today, 2) the interest to also design TI starting from existing physical activities instead of only as add-ons to digital applications, 3) the need for iterative design and evaluation of prototypes in order to develop applications that are grounded within daily practice over prolonged periods of time, and 4) the need to extend ease of use to more hedonic aspects of interaction such as fun and engagement

Van, L-D, Lin, C-T & Yu, Y-C 2005, 'VLSI architecture for the low-computation cycle and power-efficient recursive DFT/IDFT design', IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES, 5th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG, Athens, GREECE, pp. 1644-1652.
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Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'A constrained clustering approach to duplicate detection among relational data', Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Lecture Notes in computer Science (4426)), Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Nanjing, China, pp. 308-319.
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This paper proposes an approach to detect duplicates among relational data. Traditional methods for record linkage or duplicate detection work on a set of records which have no explicit relations with each other. These records can be formatted into a single database table for processing. However, there are situations that records from different sources can not be flattened into one table and records within one source have certain (semantic) relations between them. The duplicate detection issue of these relational data records/instances can be dealt with by formatting them into several tables and applying traditional methods to each table. However, as the relations among the original data records are ignored, this approach generates poor or inconsistent results. This paper analyzes the characteristics of relational data and proposes a particular clustering approach to perform duplicate detection. This approach incorporates constraint rules derived from the characteristics of relational data and therefore yields better and more consistent results, which are revealed by our experiments.

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Generation and Matching of Ontology Data for the Semantic Web in a Peer-to-peer Framework', The Joint Conference of The 9th Asia-Pacific Web Conference and The 8th International Conference on Web-Age Information Management (APWeb/WAIM 2007), International Conference on Web-Age Information Management, Springer, Huangshan, China, pp. 136-143.
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The abundance of ontology data is very crucial to the emerging semantic web. This paper proposes a framework that supports the generation of ontology data in a ptop environment. It not only enables users to convert existing structured data to ontology data aligned with given ontology schemas, but also allows them to publish new ontology data with ease. Besides ontology data generation, the common issue of data overlapping over the peers is addressed by the process of ontology data matching in the framework. This process helps turn the implicitly related data among the peers caused by overlapping into explicitly interlinked ontology data, which increases the overall quality of the ontology data. To improve matching accuracy, we explore ontology related features in the matching process. Experiments show that adding these features achieves better overall performance than using traditional features only.

Wang, C, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Zeng, X 2007, 'Creating and Managing Ontology Data on the Web: A semantic Wiki for Semantic Approach', The 8th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer, Nancy, France, pp. 513-522.
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The creation of ontology data on web sites and proper management of them would help the growth of the semantic web. This paper proposes a semantic wiki approach to tackle this issue. Desirable functions that a semantic wiki approach should implement to offer a better solution to this issue are discussed. Along with that, some key problems such as usability, data reliability and data quality are identified and analyzed. Based on that, a system framework is presented to show how such functions are designed. These functions are further explained along with the description of our implemented prototype system. By addressing the identified key problems, our semantic wiki approach is expected to be able to create and manage web ontology data more effectively.

Wang, J, Wu, L & Lu, H 2007, 'Special Periods Peak Load Analysis and Superior Forecasting Method Based on LS-SVM', Proceedings of the International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, the International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Beijing, China, pp. 245-253.
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Abstract: People often try to smooth or eliminate load outliers all together in traditional power load forecasting. This, however, could result in the loss of important hidden information. In other words, the power load outliers themselves may be particular important. Hence there is a beforehand estimate to change and characteristic of power load, especially in power load outliers or peak load, is a precondition of power system carry through economy dispatch, reduce production cost and prevent widespread blackout or collapse on electric system. In this paper propose a novel method for special periods power peak load detection, mining and forecasting. It incorporates the characteristic of high level load and maximum peak load analysis with optimum forecasting algorithm based on support vector machine. The validity of the method is proved by real data calculation.

Williams, SP & Hardy, CA 2007, 'E-procurement: Current issues and future challenges', Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2007, pp. 131-142.
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E-procurement has been identified as an area of B2B e-commerce where IS-enabled transformations of business processes and practices are likely to yield significant benefits. In this paper we present the findings from a recent survey of e-procurement in Australia. The survey is designed around the OECD model of e-business adoption and provides a picture of the readiness, intensity and impact of eprocurement in Australian organisations. The survey findings indicate that e-procurement has transitioned from a largely operational concern and now takes a more strategic position in organisations. E-procurement implementations have increased in both reach and scope, with more organisations implementing systems that span the whole enterprise, encompassing a greater range of procurement functions and activities. However, whilst progress has been made a number of challenges still remain. None of the respondents who had implemented e-procurement reported major or significant benefits. Moderate benefits were realised with respect to improved supply chain integration, reduced employee overhead and improved supplier sourcing. In this paper we present the findings of the 2006 Australian National e-Procurement Survey. We discuss the findings and their relation to previous surveys and studies and outline implications for future research on IS-enabled innovations in procurement.

Witzigmann, B, Steiger, S, Tomamichel, M, Veprek, R & Schwarz, UT 2007, 'Optical gain in 407nm and 470nm InGaN/GaN heterostructures: signature of quantum-dot states', OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES II, Conference on Optoelectronic Materials and Devices II, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Wong, B & Arjpru, S 2007, 'A Study of How User Satisfaction and User Dissatisfaction Affect the Success of an Information System', 18th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, pp. 801-812.
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Information Technology; Data Transmission systems; Electronic Commerce; Internet; Human-Computer Interaction; Information Storage and Retrieval Systems

Wu, F, Lu, H, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2007, 'The development of a fuzzy multi-objective group decision support system', 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP, London, ENGLAND, pp. 669-+.

Wu, F, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2007, 'The development of a fuzzy multi-objective group decision support system', IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Imperial College, London, UK, pp. 670-675.
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This paper deals with multi-objective decisionmaking problem with fuzzy parameters under a group environment, called fuzzy multi-objective group decisionmaking (FMOGDM). It first presents an FMOGDM method, which integrates fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) with fuzzy group decision making techniques. Based on the method, a fuzzy multiple objective group decision support system (FMOGDSS) is developed. Finally, it gives a case-based example to demonstrate how an FMOLP problem is solved in a group supported by the FMOGDSS.

Wu, SJ, Wu, CT, Chiou, YY, Lin, CT & Chung, YN 2007, 'Balancing control of sliding inverted-wedge system: Classical-method-based compensation', Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 1349-1354.
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Root-locus-based PID controller and LQR-based controller always fail as system nonlinearity increases. We here propose the optimization-compensated block/diagram to reinforce the stabilization ability of these two classical control methods for nonlinear system, and besides, to achieve other performance requirements such as constrained overshoot and fast response. The controller design of a nonlinear sliding weights balancing mechanism is based on optimization-compensated root locus and LQR method. First, according to root-locus of the linearized dynamic system, we propose extra poles and zeros addition to roughly draw the locus shifting to left to achieve stabilization requirement. The poles and zeros are realized by P/PD/PID controllers. For LQR approach, we choose performance parameters to meet stabilization and minimum energy requirement. The controller is realized as feedback controller. Further, to compensate the model-error from nonlinearity and to meet other performance such as overshoot and setting time, some P/PID parameters for root-locus method and the feedback gain for LQR method are optimized via optimal parameter searching in NCD/Matlab toolbox. The simulation results demonstrate the stability and the constrained performances of the entire closed-loop system can be ensured by the proposed compensated control block diagrams. © 2006 IEEE.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2007, 'An intrusion surveillance system to detect IRC-based DDoS attacks', Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology, ICCGI'06.
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Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks has been a serious threat on security of the current Internet. Recently there is a trend that many DDoS attacks utilize Internet Relay Chat (IRC) infrastructures as the communication channels. In this paper we propose an Intrusion Surveillance System (ISS) to detect IRC-based DDoS attacks. The main functions of ISS are to observe network conditions, gather intelligence from distributed sources, and determine what potential attacks will likely happen. We give the detailed design of ISS in this paper. We also implement this system by using a new approach of text-based decision making - Distributed Preference-Based Surveillance (DPBS) algorithm. By experiments we demonstrate that this distributed algorithm can effectively identify potential IRC-based DDoS attacks based on the information from different locations. © 2006 IEEE.

Xiang, Y, Zhou, W & Li, Z 2007, 'An analytical model for DDoS attacks and defense', Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology, ICCGI'06.
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Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack has been identified as one of the most serious problems on the Internet. While much of the current research focus on DDoS countermeasures, little attention has been paid on DDoS modeling, which is one of the important aspects that can help provide better solutions against DDoS attacks. This paper proposes an analytical model for the interactions between DDoS attack party and defense party, which allows us to have a deep insight of the interactions between the attack and defense parties. Many refinements of the basic analytical model such as reinforcement of the defense party and loss in defense party are given in the paper, which suit for many real DDoS scenarios. Moreover, the applications of this model demonstrate that the model can precisely estimate the effectiveness of a DDoS defense system before it encounters different attacks and quantitatively estimate the optimal level of investment on DDoS defense system. Additionally, it can also be applied to model some other network security problems such as virus and spam defense. © 2006 IEEE.

Xiang, Y, Zhou, W, Li, Z & Zeng, Q 2007, 'On the effectiveness of flexible deterministic packet marking for DDoS defense', Proceedings - 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops, NPC 2007, pp. 183-190.
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IP traceback is one of the defense mechanisms for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. However, most traceback schemes consume extensive resources such as CPU, memory, disk storage and bandwidth and require a large amount of IP packets to reconstruct sources, which makes them impractical and ineffective. In this paper, we present a new flexible IP traceback scheme called Flexible Deterministic Packet Marking (FDPM). The flexibilities of FDPM are in two ways, one is that it can adjust the length of marking field according to the network protocols deployed, thus it can work well even in an environment with different network protocols; the other is that it can adjust the marking rate according to the load of participating router, while it still can maintain the marking function. In order to verify the effectiveness of FDPM for DDoS defense in terms of marking efficiency, maximum forwarding rate, and number of packets for reconstruction, we tested FDPM by both simulation and Linux router implementation with an emphasis on the latter. The experiments demonstrate that the built-in overload prevention mechanism, flow-based marking, can isolate and mark the most possible DDoS attack packets, while keeping the load of the participating router in a reasonably low degree. The real hardware implementation confirms that this flexible capability is important when traceback mechanisms are used in a real DDoS defense scenario. © 2007 IEEE.

Zao, JK, Hu, JS, Chiou, JC, Huang, YL, Li, SC, Kuo, ZY, Chuang, MC, Hsu, SH, Tseng, YC, Liu, JWS & Lin, CT 2007, 'Kannon: Ubiquitous sensor/actuator technologies for elderly living and care a multidisciplinary effort in National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan', Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 4297-4303.
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A team of researchers including computer scientists, electrical and control engineers, architects, industrial designers, human factor engineers, and cognitive scientists in the National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Taiwan, along with their overseas collaborators launched the project Kannon, a multidisciplinary effort to develop Adaptive Assistive Technologies that can be deployed incrementally into existing private/public spaces and collaborate opportunistically to offer monitoring, assisting, communicating and rejuvenating services to healthy elders. The team combined the state-of-art information, communication and robotic know-how with the activity oriented method for product design and the modular functional approach in modern architecture in order to devise a holistic support for successful aging. This paper presents the philosophy, approach and first fruits of this project. © 2006 IEEE.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, TS 2007, 'Models and algorithm for fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming', IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Imperial College, London, UK, pp. 1-6.
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Basic bilevel programming deals with hierarchical optimization problems in which the leader at the upper level attempts to optimize his/her objective, subject to a set of constraints and his/her follower's solution, and the follower at the lower level tries to find an optimized strategy according to each of possible decisions made by the leader. Three issues may be involved in a basic bilevel decision problem. One is that bilevel decision making model may involve uncertain parameters which appear either in the objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower or both. Second, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflict objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. Third, there may have multiple followers in a real decision situation. Following our previous work, this study proposes a set of fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming models to describe the three issues. It also develops an approximation branch-and-bound algorithm to solve such kinds of problems.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Zeng, X 2007, 'Models and algorithms for fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming in a partial cooperative situation', International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE2007), International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Atlantis Press, Chengdu, China, pp. 382-389.
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Basic bilevel programming deals with hierarchical optimization problems in which the leader at the upper level attempts to optimize his/her objective, subject to a set of constraints and his/her followers solution, and the follower at the lower level tries to find an optimized strategy according to each of possible decisions made by the leader. Three issues may be involved in a basic bilevel decision problem. One is that bilevel decision making model may involve uncertain parameters which appear either in the objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower or both. Second, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflict objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. Third, there may have multiple followers and partial shared their decision variables among followers in a real decision situation. Following our previous work, this study proposes a set of fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming models to describe the three issues. It also develops an approximation branch-and-bound algorithm to solve such kinds of problems

Zhang, G, Lu, R & Dillon, T 2007, 'Models and algorithm for fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming', 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP, London, ENGLAND, pp. 681-+.

Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Zhou, C 2007, 'Three real-coded genetic algorithm with new mutation operators', ISKE-2007 Proceedings, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Atlantis Press, Chengdu, China, pp. 531-534.
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Local search is mainly implemented by the reproduction and crossover operation, global search is assured by the mutation operation in conventional genetic algorithm. In order to enhance the global search ability, three new mutation operators are proposed based on the idea that big change into small and small change into big for gene bit selected at random. The experimental verification shows that the proposed new genetic algorithms with new mutation operators are effective in seeking for the global optimal solutions.

Zhang, Y & Xu, G 2007, 'On Web Communities Mining and Analysis', Third International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grid, Xian, Shan Xi, China, October 29-31, 2007, Third International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grid,, Shan Xi, China, pp. 20-25.
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Zhang, Y, Lin, X, Yuan, Y, Kitsuregawa, M, Zhou, X & Yu, JX 2007, 'Summarizing order statistics over data streams with duplicates', Proceedings - International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 1329-1333.
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Cignoni, P, Pietroni, N, Malomo, L & Scopigno, R 2007, 'Research and Innovation', pp. 44-44.