Publications

Peppas, P 2008, Chapter 8 Belief Revision.
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Redshaw, S 2008, In the company of cars: Driving as a social and cultural practice.
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Road safety research has traditionally involved a focus on individuals in which social norms are considered but rarely discussed in detail. Outlining the existing body of research on young drivers in particular, In the Company of Cars shows the contribution that considering road safety from a social and cultural perspective could make to the reduction of death and injury on the roads. It highlights the involvement of driving cultures, as distinct from car cultures, in the social framing of cars and the ways in which they are utilised. © Sarah Redshaw 2008. All rights reserved.

Chen, S & Williams, M 2008, 'Learning Personalized Ontologies from Text: A Review on an Inherently Transdisciplinary Area' in Gonzalez, RA, Chen, N & Dahanayake, A (eds), Personalized Information Retrieval and Access Concepts Methods and Practices, IGI Global, UK & USA, pp. 1-29.
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Book Chapter on Ontology learning - a review of the main concepts of ontologies and the state of the art in the area of ontology learning from text.

Dyson, LE 2008, 'Managing the Environmental Impact of Information Technology' in Quigley, M (ed), Encyclopedia of Information Technology Ethics and Security, Information Science Reference, Hershey, USA, pp. 433-439.
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Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2008, 'Context Visualization for Visual Data Mining' in Simoff, SJ, Bohlen, MH & Mazeika, A (eds), Visual Data Mining: Theory, Techniques and Tools for Visual Analytics, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 248-263.
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Context and history visualization plays an important role in visual data mining especially in the visual exploration of large and complex data sets. The preservation of context and history information in the visualization can improve user comprehension of the exploration process as well as enhance the reusability of mining techniques and parameters to archive the desired results. This chapter presents methodology and various interactive visualization techniques supporting visual data mining in general as well as for visual preservation of context and his-tory information. Algorithms are also described in supporting such methodology for visual data mining in real time.

Kennedy, PJ, Simoff, SJ, Catchpoole, DR, Skillicorn, D, Ubaudi, FA & Aloqaily, A 2008, 'Integrative visual data mining of biomedical data: Investigating cases in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia' in Simoff, SJ, Bohlen, MH & Mazeika, A (eds), Visual Data Mining: Theory, Techniques and Tools for Visual Analytics, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 367-388.
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This chapter presents an integrative visual data mining approach towards biomedical data. This approach and supporting methodology are presented at a high level. They combine in a consistent manner a set of visualisation and data mining techniques that operate over an integrated data set of several diverse components, including medical (clinical) data, patient outcome and interview data, corresponding gene expression and SNP data, domain ontologies and health management data. The practical application of the methodology and the specific data mining techniques engaged are demonstrated on two case studies focused on the biological mechanisms of two different types of diseases: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, respectively. The common between the cases is the structure of the data sets.

Laes, E, Meskens, G, Ruan, D, Lu, J, Zhang, G, Wu, F, D'haeseleer, W & Weiler, R 2008, 'Fuzzy-set Decision Support for a Belgian Long-Term Sustainable Energy Strategy' in Ruan, D, Hardeman, F & Meer, KVD (eds), Intelligent Decision and Policy Making Support Systems, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 319-350.
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This chapter addresses the methodological challenges of developing relevant scientific knowledge for a sustainable energy system transition in an innovative way. We argue that scientific contributions to sustainable development do not follow the `linear procedure from empirical knowledge production to policy advice. Instead, they consist of problem-oriented combinations of explanatory, orientationand action-guiding knowledge. Society and policy makers not only have to be `provided with action-guiding knowledge, but also with an awareness of the manner in which this knowledge is to be interpreted, and where the inevitable uncertainties lie. Since the sustainability question is inherently multi-dimensional, participation of social groups is an essential element of a strategy aimed at sustainable development. Multi-criteria decision support provides a platform to accommodate a process of arriving at a judgment or a solution for the sustainability question based on the input and feedback of multiple individuals. At the same time in practice, multi-criteria problems at tactical and strategic levels often involve fuzziness in their criteria and decision makers judgments. Therefore, we argue in favor of the use of fuzzy-logic based multi-criteria group decision support as a decision support tool for long-term strategic choices in the context of Belgian sustainable energy policy.

Leggett, MG & Dyson, LE 2008, 'Strangers on the Land: Place and Indigenous Multimedia Knowledge Systems' in Butt, D, Bywater, J & Paul, N (eds), Place: Local Knowledge and New Media Practice, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle on Tyne, England, pp. 126-137.
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Audio-visual storage mediums, such as the ubiquitous handycam, offer new potentials for the representation of information about the natural environment and the events that have occurred there, and thus forthe way the history and significance of place are discussed and disputed, extending oral and written language traditions.

Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2008, 'Fuzzy set techniques in e-service applications' in NA (ed), Fuzzy Sets and Their Extensions: Representation, Aggregation and Models--Intelligent Systems from De, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 555-569.
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E-services involve various types, delivery systems, advanced information technologies, methodologies and applications of online services that are provided by e-government, e-business, e-commerce, e-market, e-finance, e-learning systems, to name a few. They offer great opportunities and challenges for many areas, such as government, business, commerce, marketing, finance and education. E-service intelligence is a new research field that deals with fundamental roles, social impacts and practical applications of various intelligent technologies on the Internet based e-services. This chapter aims to offer a thorough introduction and systematic overview of the new field e-service intelligence mainly based on fuzzy set related techniques. It covers the state-of-the-art of the research and development in various aspects including both theorems and applications, of e-service intelligence by applying fuzzy set theory. Moreover, it demonstrates how adaptations of existing intelligent technologies benefit from the development of e-service applications in online customer decision, personalised services, web mining, online searching/data retrieval, online pattern recognition/image processing, and web-based e-logistics/planning.

Lu, J, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2008, 'Fuzzy multi-objective decision making models and approaches' in Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Theory and Applications with Recent Developments, Springer, Berlin, pp. 483-522.
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McGregor, C 2008, 'A framework for the design of web service based clinical management systems to support inter and intra organizational patient journeys' in Medical Informatics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, pp. 411-426.
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© 2009 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. The clinical management of premature and ill term babies is challenged by the necessity of several inter and intra organizational patient journeys. Premature and ill-term babies born in regional Australia and Canada must be moved to another hospital with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) facilities. NICU babies requiring surgery must be moved to a Level IV NICU for surgery. Current clinical management supports the transfer of limited patient data via paper or telephone exchange. In this article a framework for the design of Web-service-based clinical management systems to support inter and intra organizational patient journeys is presented. A series of Web services are described and integrated and coordinated through BPEL processes enabling greater support for inter- and intra-organizational transfer of patient data. This framework is demonstrated through a NICU case study. A key benefit of this framework is that it enables the establishment of "on demand" patient journeys eliminating the need to establish permanent point-to-point connections.

McGregor, C 2008, 'Mobility in healthcare for remote intensive care unit clinical management' in Medical Informatics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, pp. 740-752.
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© 2009 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. This chapter reviews current research directions in healthcare mobility and assesses its impact on the provision of remote intensive care unit (ICU) clinical management. Intensive care units boast a range of state of the art medical monitoring devices to monitor a patient's physiological parameters. They also have devices such as ventilators to offer mechanical life support. Computing and IT support within ICUs has focused on monitoring the patients and delivering corresponding alarms to care providers. However many intensive care unit admissions are via intra and inter health care facility transfer, requiring receiving care providers to have access to patient information prior to the patient's arrival. This indicates that opportunities exist for mobile gadgets, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) to substantially increase the efficiency and effectiveness of processes surrounding healthcare in the ICUs. The challenge is to transcend the use of these mobile devices beyond the current usage for personal information management and static medical applications; also to overcome the challenges of screen size and memory limitations. Finally, the deployment of mobile-enabled solutions within the healthcare domain is hindered by privacy, cost and security considerations and a lack of standards. These are some of the significant topics discussed in this chapter.

Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'Cognitive Orientation in Business Intelligence Systems' in Ruan, D, Harderman, F & van der Meer, K (eds), Intelligent Decision and Policy Making Support Systems, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 55-72.
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With the increasing importance of cognitive aspects in decision making, this research addresses how human cognitive abilities, mainly situation awareness and mental models, can be used to drive the decision process in complex decision situations. Cognitive orientation has long been regarded as an important consideration in the development and application of decision support systems (DSS). Rather than cognitive orientation, a data-driven DSS emphasizes access to and manipulation of a series of company internal and external data, compared to a model-driven DSS underpinned by statistical, financial, optimization or simulation models. A business intelligence (BI) system is essentially a kind of data-driven DSS therefore shares the similar drawbacks with traditional DSS. A framework of cognitive BI system is firstly developed. A model of cognition-driven decision process is then proposed based on the system framework. In this framework and decision model, data retrieval, information filtering and knowledge presentation are based on the tacit knowledge elicited from the decision-maker. The final decision is no longer the direct output of a computer system, but the result of decision-making cycles of human-machine interaction.

Sidhu, AS, Kennedy, PJ, Simoff, S, Dillon, TS & Chang, E 2008, 'Knowledge discovery in biomedical data facilitated by domain ontologies' in Medical Informatics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, pp. 2096-2108.
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© 2009 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. In some real-world areas, it is important to enrich the data with external background knowledge so as to provide context and to facilitate pattern recognition. These areas may be described as data rich but knowledge poor. There are two challenges to incorporate this biological knowledge into the data mining cycle: (1) generating the ontologies; and (2) adapting the data mining algorithms to make use of the ontologies. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art in bringing the background ontology knowledge into the pattern recognition task for biomedical data.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, TS 2008, 'An approximation Kuhn-Tucker approach for fuzzy linear bilevel decision making' in Jain, L & Wren, G (eds), Intelligent Decision Making, Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 157-171.
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In bilevel decision making, the leader aims to achieve an optimal solution by considering the follower's optimized strategy to react each of his/her possible decisions. In a real-world bilevel decision environment, uncertainty must be considered when modeling the objective functions and constraints of the leader and the follower. Following our previous work, this chapter proposes a fuzzy bilevel decision making model to describe bilevel decision making under uncertainty. After giving the definitions of optimal solutions and related theorems for fuzzy bilevel decision problems this chapter develops an approximation KuhnTucker approach to solve the problem. Finally, an example of reverse logistics management illustrates the application of this proposed fuzzy bilevel decision making approach.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, TS 2008, 'Solution concepts and an approximation Kuhu-Tucker approach for fuzzy multi-objective linear programming' in Pardalos, P & Chinchuluun, A (eds), Pareto Optimality, Game Theory and Equilibria, Springer, Springer Berlin, pp. 457-480.
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Balsys, RJ, Suffern, KG & Jones, H 2008, 'Point-based rendering of non-manifold surfaces', Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 63-72.
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We are concerned with producing high-quality images of parametric and implicit surfaces, in particular those with non-manifold features. We present a point-based technique for rendering implicit surfaces that uses octree spatial subdivision with a natura

Berry, JA, Coverston, CR & Williams, M 2008, 'Make each patient count', Nurse Practitioner, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 42-47.
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Overcoming barriers to clinical preventive services. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.

Catley, C, McGregor, C, Percival, J, Curry, J & James, A 2008, 'Multi-dimensional Knowledge Translation: Enabling Health Informatics Capacity Audits Using Patient Journey Models', 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8, pp. 1502-+.
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Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2008, 'A Functional-Link-Based Neurofuzzy Network for Nonlinear System Control', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1362-1378.
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Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2008, 'An efficient quantum neuro-fuzzy classifier based on fuzzy entropy and compensatory operation', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 567-583.
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Dur, W, Bremner, MJ & Briegel, HJ 2008, 'Quantum simulation of interacting high-dimensional systems: The influence of noise', Physical Review A, vol. 78, no. 5, p. 052325.
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We consider the simulation of interacting high-dimensional systems using pairwise interacting qubits. The main tool in this context is the generation of effective many-body interactions, and we examine a number of different protocols for obtaining them. These methods include the usage of higher-order processes commutator method , unitary conjugation or graph state encoding, as well as teleportation-based approaches. We illustrate and compare these methods in detail and analyze the time cost for simulation. In the second part of the paper, we investigate the influence of noise on the simulation process. We concentrate on errors in the interaction Hamiltonians and consider two generic noise models: i timing errors in pairwise interactions and ii noisy pairwise interactions described by Master equations of Lindblad form. We analyze and compare the effect of noise for the different simulation methods and propose a way to significantly reduce the influence of noise by making use of entanglement purification together with a teleportation-based protocol.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J, Dillon, TS & Zeng, X 2008, 'A lambda-cut Approximate Algorithm For Goal-Based Bilevel Risk Management Systems', International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making (IJITDM), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 589-610.
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Bilevel programming techniques are developed for decentralized decision problems with decision makers located in two levels. Both upper and lower decision makers, termed as leader and follower, try to optimize their own objectives in solution procedure but are affected by those of the other levels. When a bilevel decision model is built with fuzzy coefficients and the leader and/or follower have goals for their objectives, we call it fuzzy goal bilevel (FGBL) decision problem. This paper first proposes a lambda-cut set based FGBL model. A programmable lambda-cut approximate algorithm is then presented in detail. Based on this algorithm, a FGBL software system is developed to reach solutions for FGBL decision problems. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of the proposed algorithm

Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 2008, 'A framework to support the evaluation, adoption and improvement of agile methods in practice', Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 81, no. 11, pp. 1899-1919.
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Agile methods are often seen as providing ways to avoid overheads typically perceived as being imposed by traditional software development environments. However, few organizations are psychologically or technically able to take on an agile approach rapidly and effectively. Here, we describe a number of approaches to assist in such a transition. The Agile Software Solution Framework (ASSF) provides an overall context for the exploration of agile methods, knowledge and governance and contains an Agile Toolkit for quantifying part of the agile process. These link to the business aspects of software development so that the business value and agile process are well aligned. Finally, we describe how these theories are applied in practice with two industry case studies using the Agile Adoption and Improvement Model (AAIM). © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 2008, 'An evaluation of the degree of agility in six agile methods and its applicability for method engineering', Information and Software Technology, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 280-295.
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Goyal, M, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'Decision making in multi-issue e-market auction using fuzzy techniques and negotiable attitudes', Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 97-110.
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Online auctions are one of the most effective ways of negotiation of salable goods over the internet. Software agents are increasingly being used to represent humans in online auctions. These agents can systematically monitor a wide variety of auctions and can make rapid decisions about what bids to place In what auctions. To be successful in open multi-agent environments, agents must be capable of adapting different strategies and tactics to their prevailing circumstances. This paper presents a software test-bed for studying autonomous bidding strategies in simulated auctions for procuring goods. It shows that agents' bidding strategy explore the attitudes and behaviors that help agents to manage dynamic assessment of prices of goods given the different criteria and scenario conditions. Our agent also uses fuzzy techniques for the decision making: to make decisions about the outcome of auctions, and to alter the agent's bidding strategy in response to the different criteria and market conditions. © 2008 Universidad de Talca - Chile.

Goyal, ML, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'Decision Making in Multi-Issue e-Market Auction Using Fuzzy Attitudes', Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 97-110.
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Online auctions are one of the most effective ways of negotiation of salable goods over the internet. Software agents are increasingly being used to represent humans in online auctions. These agents can systematically monitor a wide variety of auctions and can make rapid decisions about what bids to place in what auctions. To be successful in open multi-agent environments, agents must be capable of adapting different strategies and tactics to their prevailing circumstances. This paper presents a software test-bed for studying autonomous bidding strategies in simulated auctions for procuring goods. It shows that agents bidding strategy explore the attitudes and behaviors that help agents to manage dynamic assessment of prices of goods given the different criteria and scenario conditions. Our agent also uses fuzzy techniques for the decision making: to make decisions about the outcome of auctions, and to alter the agents bidding strategy in response to the different criteria and market conditions.

Guo, Y, Jin, J, Zheng, L, Zhu, J & Lu, H 2008, 'A Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive for HTS Maglev Transportation Systems', Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China - Zhongguo Dianzi Keji, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 125-129.
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A permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (pMLSM) for a high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev system has been studied, including the motor structure, control strategy, and analysis techniques. Finite elemeut analysis (FEA) of magnetic field is conducted to accurately calculate major motor parameters. Equivalent electrical circuit is used to predict the drive's steady-state characteristics, and a phase variable model is applied to predict the dynamic performance. Preliminary experiment with a prototype has been made to verify the theoretical analysis and the HTS-PM synchronons driving technology.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lin, Z, Lu, H, Wang, X & Chen, J 2008, 'Influence of inductance variation on performance of a permanent magnet claw pole soft magnetic composite motor', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 103, no. 7, pp. 1-3.
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Winding inductance is an important parameter in determining the performance of electrical machines, particularly those with large inductance variation. This paper investigates the influence of winding inductance variation on the performance of a three-phase three-stack claw pole permanent magnet motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator by using an improved phase variable model. The winding inductances of the machine are computed by using a modified incremental energy method, based on three-dimensional nonlinear time-stepping magnetic field finite element analyses. The inductance computation and performance simulation are verified by the experimental results of an SMC claw pole motor prototype.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Zhong, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2008, 'Measurement and Modeling of Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials Used in Electrical Machines - A Review', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 279-291.
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In many situations, for example, in the cores of a rotating electrical machine and the T-joints of multiphase transformers, the magnetic flux varies with time in terms of both magnitude and direction, i.e., the local flux density vector rotates with varying magnitude and varying speed. Therefore, it is important that the magnetic properties of the core materials under various rotational magnetizations be properly investigated, modeled, and applied in the design and analysis of electromagnetic devices with rotational flux. Drawing from the huge amount of papers published by various researchers in the past century, this paper presents an extensive survey on the measurement and modeling of rotational core losses of soft magnetic materials used in electrical machines, particularly from the view of practical engineering application. The paper aims to provide a broad picture of the historical development of measuring techniques, measuring apparatus, and practical models of rotational core losses.

Hardy, CA & Williams, SP 2008, 'E-government policy and practice: A theoretical and empirical exploration of public e-procurement', GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 155-180.
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Hornecker, E, Jacob, RJ, Hummels, C, Ullmer, B, Schmidt, A, van den Hoven, E & Mazalek, A 2008, 'TEI Goes On: Tangible and Embedded Interaction', IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 91-96.

Huang, M & Nguyen, Q 2008, 'Large Graph Visualization by Hierarchical Clustering', Ruanjian Xuebao - Journal of Software, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1933-1946.
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This paper proposes a new technique for visualizing large graphs of several ten thousands of vertices and edges. To achieve a graph abstraction, a hierarchical clustered graph is extracted from a general large graph based on the community structures discovered in the graph. An enclosure geometrical partitioning algorithm is then applied to achieving the space optimization. For graph drawing, it uses a combination of spring-embbeder and circular drawing algorithms that archives the goal of optimization of display space and aesthetical niceness. The paper also discusses an interaction mechanism accompanied with the layout solution. The interaction not only allows users to navigate hierarchically through the entire clustered graph, but also provides a way to navigate multiple clusters concurrently. Animation is also implemented to preserve user mental maps during the interaction.

Johnston, AJ, Candy, L & Edmonds, EA 2008, 'Designing and evaluating virtual musical instruments: facilitating conversational user interaction', Design Studies, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 556-571.
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This paper is concerned with the design of interactive virtual musical instruments. An interaction design strategy which uses on-screen objects that respond to user actions in physically realistic ways is described. This approach allows musicians to `play the virtual instruments using the sound of their familiar acoustic instruments. An investigation of user experience identified three modes of interaction that characterise the musicians' approach to the virtual instruments: instrumental, ornamental and conversational. When using the virtual instruments in instrumental mode, musicians prioritise detailed control; in ornamental mode, they surrender detailed control to the software and allow it to transform their sound; in conversational mode, the musicians allow the virtual instrument to `talk back, helping to shape the musical direction of performance much as a human playing partner might. Finding a balance between controllability and complexity emerged as a key issue in facilitating `conversational interaction.

Kenning, G 2008, 'EM Files: Adam Laerkesen', Art Monthly, vol. 0, no. 212, pp. 47-47.

Koutras, CD, Nomikos, C & Peppas, P 2008, 'On a simple 3-valued modal language and a 3-valued logic of 'not-fully-justified belief', Logic Journal of the IGPL, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 591-604.
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In this paper, we advocate the usage of the family of Heyting-valued modal logics, introduced by M. Fitting, by presenting a simple 3-valued modal language and axiomatizing an interesting 3-valued logic of belief. We give two simple bisimulation relations for the modal language, one that respects non-falsity and one that respects the truth value. The doxastic logic axiomatized, apart from being interesting in its own right for KR applications, (i) it comes with an underlying 3-valued propositional logic which is a syntactic variant of the 'logic of here-and-there', whose importance in KR and Logic Programming is well-known, (ii) it is endowed from its very inception with a Gentzen-style proof theory from [Fit92] and a completeness theorem from [KNP02], (iii) it can be equivalently seen as a logic describing the epistemic agreement of two interrelated agents: a K45 agent who 'dominates' an S5 agent, (iv) as we show here, its satisfiability problem is NP-complete, i.e. at the lower level one can expect for applied logics. This is the first concrete example of an epistemic logic from Fitting's framework, that has been overlooked hitherto, despite its many attractive characteristics.

Leong, T, Vetere, F & Howard, S 2008, 'Abdicating choice: The Rewards of Letting Go', Digital Creativity, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 233-243.
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Increasingly, people are faced with having to deal with vast amount of digital content. But in some situations, having to choose from such large digital libraries can be unpleasant and even paralysing, especially when people have no strong preference for a particular choice. Digital music listening is an example of such a dilemma. Focusing on Shuffle listening on the iPod, whereby listeners abdicate choice to a system to present content to them randomly, we observe that this mode of abdicating choice not only alleviates the pains of choice but also leads to better user-experience in some circumstances. Randomness is highlighted as a versatile resource. Acting as a device that `defamiliarises the digital music tracks, it refreshes and engages listeners' attention as well as shapes their perceptions. In some cases, the use of randomness enriches their listening experience and even encourages encounters with serendipity.

Leong, T, Vetere, F & Howard, S 2008, 'Take a Chance On Me: Using Randomness for the Design of Digital Devices', interactions, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 16-19.

Liang, S-F, Lu, S-M, Chang, J-Y & Lin, C-TCT 2008, 'A Novel Two-Stage Impulse Noise Removal Technique Based on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Decision', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 863-873.
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Lin, C-J, Chen, C-H & Lin, C-T 2008, 'Efficient Self-Evolving Evolutionary Learning for Neurofuzzy Inference Systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1476-1490.
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Lin, C-T & Siana, L 2008, 'An Efficient Human Detection System Using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Networks', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 150-160.

Lin, C-T, Chen, Y-C, Huang, T-Y, Chiu, T-T, Ko, L-W, Liang, S-F, Hsieh, H-Y, Hsu, S-H & Duann, J-R 2008, 'Development of wireless brain computer interface with embedded multitask scheduling and its application on real-time driver's drowsiness detection and warning', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1582-1591.
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Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Chiou, J-C, Duann, J-R, Huang, R-S, Liang, S-F, Chiu, T-W & Jung, T-P 2008, 'Noninvasive neural prostheses using mobile and wireless EEG', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, vol. 96, no. 7, pp. 1167-1183.
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Lin, C-T, Lin, K-L, Ko, L-W, Liang, S-F, Kuo, B-C & Chung, I-F 2008, 'Nonparametric single-trial EEG feature extraction and classification of driver's cognitive responses', EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING.
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Lin, C-T, Yang, C-T & Su, M-T 2008, 'A Hybridization of Immune Algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization for Neuro-Fuzzy Classifiers', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 139-149.

Lin, C-T, Yu, Y-C & Van, L-D 2008, 'Cost-effective triple-mode reconfigurable pipeline FFT/IFFT/2-D DCT processor', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1058-1071.
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Lister, R 2008, 'Computer Science Education', Computer Science Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 65-66.
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Lister, RF 2008, 'CS research: We are what we cite -- so where are we?', SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 16-18.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, RF 2008, 'The Originality Glut', SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 14-15.
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Liu, B, Hao, Z, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'Supervised feature extraction based on One-against-All scheme', Dynamics of Continuous, Discrete and Impulsive Systems Series B: Applications and Algorithms, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 339-350.
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Support vector machines (SVMs) as being good tools for classification problems has been proposed by Vapnik. This paper proposes a supervised feature extraction method based on One-against-All scheme for the multi-class classification problems. In this approach, after embedding all the classes into one feature space and constructing hyperplanes based on One-against-All scheme, we extract the orientation distance features between the examples and every hyperplanes in the space, and then map the new features into another feature space, finally utilize other algorithms to classify them. In order to examine the performance of the proposed approach, One-against-All, One-against-One and the introduced approach are compared using three UCI data sets. From the results, we reported that after mapping the examples two times, the training accuracy and generalization performance is enhanced more or less. Copyright © 2008 Watam Press.

Lu, J, Liu, B, Zhang, G, Hao, Z & Xiao, Y 2008, 'A situation assessment approach using support vector machine as a learning tool', International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 82-97.
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In order to assess a situation and support decision makers' awareness for the situation, this study first proposes a situation assessment model with mathematical description. It then develops a Support Vector Machine based assessment approach, which has the ability to learn the rules from the previous assessment results and generate necessary warnings for a situation. Finally, a set of experiments is conducted to illustrate and validate the proposed approach.

Lu, J, Yan, X & Zhang, G 2008, 'Support vector machine-based multi-source multi-attribute information integration for situation assessment', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1333-1340.
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Understanding any given situation requires integrating many pieces of information. Such information has in most cases multiple attributes and is obtained from multiple data sources within multiple time slots. Situation assessors' experience and preference will naturally influence the result of information integration, and hence influence the awareness generated for a situation. This study focuses on how multi-source multi-attribute information about a situation is integrated and how the awareness information for the situation is derived. A learning-based information integration approach, which embeds the fuzzy least squares support vector machine (FLS-SVM) technique, is developed in this study. This approach can assess a situation through integrating and inference obtained information and analyzing related data sources. A series of experiments show that the proposed approach has an accuracy learning ability from assessors' experience in the information integration for generating awareness for a situation.

Lu, J, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2008, 'Intelligent multi-criteria fuzzy group decision-making for situation assessments', Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 289-299.
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Organizational decisions and situation assessment are often made in groups, and decision and assessment processes involve various uncertain factors. To increase efficiently group decision-making, this study presents a new rational–political model as a systematic means of supporting group decision-making in an uncertain environment. The model takes advantage of both rational and political models and can handle inconsistent assessment, incomplete information and inaccurate opinions in deriving the best solution for the group decision under a sequential framework. The model particularly identifies three uncertain factors involved in a group decision-making process: decision makers’ roles, preferences for alternatives, and judgments for assessment-criteria. Based on this model, an intelligent multi-criteria fuzzy group decision-making method is proposed to deal with the three uncertain factors described by linguistic terms. The proposed method uses general fuzzy numbers and aggregates these factors into a group satisfactory decision that is in a most acceptable degree of the group. Inference rules are particularly introduced into the method for checking the consistence of individual preferences. Finally, a real case-study on a business situation assessment is illustrated by the proposed method.

Lu, J, Zhang, G & Wu, F 2008, 'Team situation awareness using web-based fuzzy group decision support systems', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 50-59.
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Situation awareness (SA) is an important element to support responses and decision making to crisis problems. Decision making for a complex situation often needs a team to work cooperatively to get consensus awareness for the situation. Team SA is characterized including information sharing, opinion integration and consensus SA generation. In the meantime, various uncertainties are involved in team SA during information collection and awareness generation. Also, the collaboration between team members may be across distances and need web-based technology to facilitate. This paper presents a web-based fuzzy group decision support system (WFGDSS) and demonstrates how this system can provide a means of support for generating team SA in a distributed team work context with the ability of handling uncertain information.

McGregor, C, Percival, J, Curry, J, Foster, D, Anstey, E & Churchill, D 2008, 'A Structured Approach to Requirements Gathering Creation Using PaJMa Models', 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8, pp. 1506-+.
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Musiał, K, Juszczyszyn, K & Kazienko, P 2008, 'Ontology-based recommendation in multimedia sharing systems', Systems Science, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 97-106.
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In this paper, a new framework for recommendation of multimedia objects in the environment of the multimedia sharing system has been proposed. It uses two kinds of individual ontologies, one is created for multimedia objects and the second one for system users. The final recommendation process takes into account similarities calculated both between objects' and users' ontologies. These individual ontologies respect all the social and semantic features existing in the system. The entire recommender framework was developed for the use in Flickr, a typical photo sharing system.

Nataatmadja, I & Dyson, LE 2008, 'The Role of Podcasts in Students' Learning', International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 17-21.
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Podcasts have been employed extensively in some countries and are now being trialed at a number of universities in Australia. They allow ubiquitous learning whereby students can access a variety of educational material anywhere, anytime on iPods, MP3 players or even desktop computers. There remain many questions about the impact of podcasts on students learning. One issue is how podcasts can be used to support high quality, experiential learning rather than merely perpetuating the old transmission model of education. In this paper, we explore the reasons why students either use, or fail to use, podcasts provided for their education. We report on the motivation of students enrolled in a large first-year information systems subject. These varied considerably and show that podcasts are a useful adjunct for providing for the diverse range of learning styles of our students. However, we also conclude that further research is needed into the use of podcasts to promote deeper learning in our students and how podcasts can act as a support tool for other forms of m-learning.

Neumann, A, Grosse-Wentrup, M, Buss, M & Gramann, K 2008, 'THE EFFECT OF MUTUAL INFORMATION ON INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN EEG/MEG ANALYSIS: A SIMULATION STUDY', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, vol. 118, no. 11, pp. 1534-1546.
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Pal, NR, Chuang, C-Y, Ko, L-W, Chao, C-F, Jung, T-P, Liang, S-F & Lin, C-T 2008, 'EEG-Based Subject- and Session-independent Drowsiness Detection: An Unsupervised Approach', EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING.
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Perlis, D & Williams, MA 2008, 'Editorial', Artificial Intelligence, vol. 172, no. 18, p. 1943.
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Pollatos, O, Herbert, BM, Schandry, R & Gramann, K 2008, 'Impaired central processing of emotional faces in Anorexia Nervosa', Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 701-708.
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Objectives: To elucidate the potential relationship between classification of emotional faces and impaired central processing in eating disorders and to investigate the potential mediatory role of alexithymia and depression in this relationship. Methods: Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) to emotional faces and classification performance were assessed in 12 anorexic females and matched healthy controls. Results: Patients with anorexia nervosa showed no modulation of emotional face processing and displayed significantly increased N200 amplitudes in response to all emotional categories and decreased VEPs in response to unpleasant emotional faces in the P300 time range as compared with healthy controls. They also made more mistakes in emotional face recognition, in particular, for neutral, sad, and disgusted content. Conclusions: There are marked differences in evoked potentials and emotion recognition performances of patients with anorexia nervosa and controls in facial processing. Differences in brain dynamics might contribute to difficulties in the correct recognition of facially expressed emotions, deficits in social functioning, and in turn the maintenance of eating disorders. Copyright © 2008 by the American Psychosomatic Society.

Pollatos, O, Herbert, BM, Schandry, R & Gramann, K 2008, 'Impaired central processing of emotional faces in anorexia nervosa', PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 701-708.
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Quan, W & Huang, M 2008, 'A Fast Convergence Layout Algorithm for Drawing Graphs in Marching-Graph', Ruanjian Xuebao - Journal of Software, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1920-1932.
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Marching-Graph is a new visualization that integrates the graph metaphor and the spatial metaphor into a single visualization. It provides users with highly interactive maps for accessing the logical structures of information that has the geographical attributes. Instead of presenting known facts onto maps, it provides a mechanism for users to visually analyze and seek unknown knowledge through effective human-map interaction and navigation across different spaces. However, the traditional force-directed layout algorithms are very slow in reaching an equilibrium configuration of forces. They usually spend tens of seconds making the layout of a graph converge. Thus, those force-directed layout algorithms can not satisfy the requirement for drawing a sequence of graphs rapidly, while the users are quickly marching through the geographic regions. This paper proposes a fast convergence layout method that speeds up the interaction time while users are progressively exploring a sequence of graphs through a series of force-directed layouts in Marching-Graph. It essentially combines a radial tree drawing method and a force-directed graph drawing method to achieve the fast convergence of energy minimization.

Seubert, J, Humphreys, GW, Mueller, HJ & Gramann, K 2008, 'Straight after the turn: The role of the parietal lobes in egocentric space processing', NEUROCASE, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 204-219.
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Stanton, CJ & Williams, M 2008, 'Robotics: State of the Art and Future Challenges', Artificial Intelligence Journal, vol. 172, no. 18, pp. 1967-1972.
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This document reviews the book âRobotics: State of the Art and Future Challengesâ. The review begins by providing a chapter by chapter summary of the book, and then concludes with a detailed review of the entire book. Robotics is a rich and exciting field of Artificial Intelligence. It has taken great strides in the last decade and a book on the state of the art and future challenges is timely. The reviewed book will assist AI researchers to keep abreast of developments in roboticsâa flagship area that enjoys a high profile and profound visibility in broader societyâby providing an empirically based overview of the field. The book a major outcome of a comparative robotics study and unique largely due to the fact that such field studies require a strong team of experts to invest significant time and effort, and site visits require significant funding. The book âRobotics: State of the Art and Future Challenges❠contains an extensive high level comparative review of the field of robotics across several pioneering research centers in several geographical regions by a team of scientists which included experts from NASA and US based universities. The book has seven chapters, and an appendix containing the biographies of team members. The broad field of robotics is divided into the following six research areas each of which has a single chapter devoted to it: robotic vehicles, space robotics, humanoid robots, industrial, service and personal robots, robotics in biology and medicine, and networked robots. The data for the reviews was obtained from site visits to 50 laboratories in countries such as Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. A 51st virtual site visit was conducted to Australia.

Toellner, T, Gramann, K, Mueller, HJ, Kiss, M & Eimer, M 2008, 'Electrophysiological markers of visual dimension changes and response changes', JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 531-542.
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Tsai, Y-S, Chung, I-F, Simpson, JC, Lee, M-I, Hsiung, C-C, Chiu, T-Y, Kao, L-S, Chiu, T-C, Lin, C-T, Lin, W-C, Liang, S-F & Lin, C-C 2008, 'Automated recognition system to classify subcellular protein localizations in images of different cell lines acquired by different imaging systems', MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 305-314.
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Tsai, Y-S, Lin, C-T, Tseng, GC, Chung, I-F & Pal, NR 2008, 'Discovery of dominant and dormant genes from expression data using a novel generalization of SNR for multi-class problems', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 9.
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van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 2008, 'Informing augmented memory system design through autobiographical memory theory', Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 433-443.
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Autobiographical memory (AM) is the "memory for the events in one's life" [1]. Often it is assumed that in order to remember all those events, you just need to record everything and when you replay these recordings you will remember those events. You can compare this with a library metaphor that has been used to explain AM according to the record-keeping approach. However, after many years of AM-research it was concluded that AM is stored in a different manner, namely according to the constructionist approach, which often is initiated by memory cues. This paper explains these AM theories, surveys literature on existing augmented memory systems and describes our own work in this area. All this input is combined into eight design recommendations for future augmented memory systems.

Witzigmann, B, Tomamichel, M, Steiger, S, Veprek, RG, Kojima, K & Schwarz, UT 2008, 'Analysis of gain and luminescence in violet and blue GaInN-GaN quantum wells', IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, vol. 44, no. 1-2, pp. 144-149.
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Yu, S, Zhou, W & Doss, R 2008, 'Information theory based detection against network behavior mimicking DDoS attacks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 319-321.
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DDoS is a spy-on-spy game between attackers and detectors. Attackers are mimicking network traffic patterns to disable the detection algorithms which are based on these features. It is an open problem of discriminating the mimicking DDoS attacks from massive legitimate network accessing. We observed that the zombies use controlled function(s) to pump attack packages to the victim, therefore, the attack flows to the victim are always share some properties, e.g. packages distribution behaviors, which are not possessed by legitimate flows in a short time period. Based on this observation, once there appear suspicious flows to a server, we start to calculate the distance of the package distribution behavior among the suspicious flows. If the distance is less than a given threshold, then it is a DDoS attack, otherwise, it is a legitimate accessing. Our analysis and the preliminary experiments indicate that the proposed method- can discriminate mimicking flooding attacks from legitimate accessing efficiently and effectively. © 2008 IEEE.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Gao, Y 2008, 'An algorithm for fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower partial cooperative bilevel programming', Journal Of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 4-5, pp. 303-319.
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In a bilevel decision problem, both the leader and the follower may have multiple objectives to optimize under certain constraints. In the meantime, these objective functions and constraints may contain some uncertain parameters. In addition, there may h

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Gao, Y 2008, 'Fuzzy Bilevel Programming: Multi-Objective And Multi-Follower With Shared Variables', International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 16, pp. 105-133.
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Bilevel programming deals with hierarchical optimization problems in which the leader at the upper level attempts to optimize his or her objectives, but subject to a set of constraints and the follower's reactions. Typical bilevel programming considers one leader one follower situation and supposes each of them has only one objective. In real world situations, multiple followers may be involved and they may be with different relationships such as sharing decision variables or not, sharing objectives or not. Therefore, the leader's decision will be affected not only by those followers' reactions but also by their relationships. In addition, any of the leader and/or these followers may have multiple conflict objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. Furthermore, the parameters of a bilevel programming model may be described by uncertain values. This paper addresses all these three issues as a whole by particularly focusing on the situation of sharing decision variables among followers. It first proposes a set of fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower bilevel programming (FMMBP) models to describe the complex issue. It then presents an approximation branch-and-bound algorithm to solve the FMMBP problems. Finally, two examples illustrate the proposed models and algorithm.

Zhang, G, Shi, C & Lu, J 2008, 'An extended Kth-best approach for referential-uncooperative bilevel multi-follower decision making', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 205-214.
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Bilevel decision techniques have been mainly developed for solving decentralized management problems with decision makers in a hierarchical organization. When multiple followers are involved in a bilevel decision problem, called a bilevel multi-follower (BLMF) decision problem, the leaderâs decision will be affected, not only by the reactions of these followers, but also by the relationships among these followers. The referential-uncooperative situation is one of the popular cases of BLMF decision problems where these multiple followers donât share decision variables with each other but may take othersâ decisions as references to their decisions. This paper presents a model for the referential-uncooperative BLMF decision problem. As the kth-best approach is one of the most successful approaches in dealing with normal bilevel decision problems, this paper then proposes an extended kth-best approach to solve the referential-uncooperative BLMF problem. Finally an example of logistics planning illustrates the application of the proposed extended kth-best approach.

Aloqaily, A, Kennedy, PJ, Catchpoole, DR & Simoff, SJ 2008, 'Comparison of visualization methods of genome-wide SNP profiles in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia', Data Mining and Analytics 2008: Proceedings of the Seventh Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2008), Conferences in Research and Practice in IT (CRPIT), Vol. 87, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 111-121.
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Data mining and knowledge discovery have been applied to datasets in various industries including biomedical data. Modelling, data mining and visualization in biomedical data address the problem of extracting knowledge from large and complex biomedical data. The current challenge of dealing with such data is to develop statistical-based and data mining methods that search and browse the underlying patterns within the data. In this paper, we employ several data reduction methods for visualizing genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) datasets based on state-of-art data reduction techniques. Visualization approach has been selected based on the trustworthiness of the resultant visualizations. To deal with large amounts of genetic variation data, we have chosen to apply different data reduction methods to deal with the problem induced by high dimensionality. Based on the trustworthiness metric we found that neighbour Retrieval Visualizer (NeRV) outperformed other methods. This method optimizes the retrieval quality of Stochastic neighbour Embedding. The quality measure of the visualization (i.e. NeRV) showed excellent results, even though the dataset was reduced from 13917 to 2 dimensions. The visualization results will assist clinicians and biomedical researchers in understanding the systems biology of patients and how to compare different groups of clusters in visualizations.

Arathoon, S, Fazall, A, Hussain, O, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'Ontological Manifestation Of Product Risk In Service Oriented Environment', 2008 6th International Symposium On Intelligent Systems And Informatics, International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics, IEEE, Subotica, SERBIA, pp. 302-307.
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Risk is omnipresent in all the interactions that we carry out. Quantifying and making risk-based assessments and decisions is very important especially in the case of business interactions. However in the existing literature there is no ontological manif

Aseeri, A, Wongthongtham, P, Chen, W & Hussain, FK 2008, 'Towards social network based ontology evolution wiki for an ontology evolution', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, iiWAS 2008, pp. 500-502.
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There is a lack of well-maintained ontologies thus ontology evolution now becomes an important filed of ontology research. The evolution may reflect new categories of systems being evaluated on broader and different understandings of certain concepts and relations. Alternatively ontologies evolve because the conceptualization improves. For ontology evolution, we focus in this paper a social network based approach in which the user community has direct control over the evolution of the ontologies. Ontologies can be enriched, learnt, and obtained from social network users using various empirical techniques. In this paper, we ground the social network based approach on the philosophy of wikis so called ontology Evolution Wiki. © 2008 ACM.

Bachfischer, A, Lawrence, EM, Litchfield, AJ, Dyson, LE & Raban, R 2008, 'Student Perspectives about Using Mobile Devices in Their Studies', IADIS International Conference on Mobile Learning, International Association for Development of the Information Society International Conference, IADIS, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 43-50.
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Berglund, A & Lister, RF 2007, 'Debating the OO debate: where is the problem?', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Vol 68: Koli Calling Proceedings of the Seventh Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research, Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research, Australian Computer Society, Koli National Park, Finland, pp. 171-174.
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Abstract: In this paper we discuss problems related to the teaching of object-oriented programming (OOP). We argue that more research on how the computer science teacher understands OOP would be beneficial. Our argument takes its point of departure in three sets of studies: (1) an ongoing study on how computer science teachers understand core concepts of OOP, (2) a study of how the teaching of OOP is discussed within the CS community, and (3) a set of studies that discuss the different ways in which CS teachers experience their teaching. This paper reports on an ongoing study of the different ways in which computing science teachers understand object- oriented programming, and what they mean when use the term objects first.. The phenomenographic research approach has been applied to the analysis of a discussion that occurred in the SIGCSE-members mailing list. Two understandings of objects first have been identified: (1) as an extension of imperative programming, and (2) as conceptually different from imperative programming. These two understandings are illustrated via the differing ways in which computing science teachers use the term polymorphism.

Berglund, A, Box, I, Eckerdal, A, Lister, RF & Pears, A 2008, 'Learning educational research methods through collaborative research: the PhICER initiative', Tenth Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 35-42.
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Abstract: To accommodate an increasing interest in phenomenography among the computing education research community, the authors of this paper have organised two workshops, or intensive courses, in phenomenography, intended for researchers in computing education at a university level. Although the workshop programs contained lectures and smaller exercises, the emphasis was on preparing one joint publication from each of the workshops. The publication from the first workshop discussed the experience of being a teacher in computing, while the second focused on teachersâ experiences of the problems their students encounter when learning computing. The workshops and their impact on the community are discussed in this paper.

Bian, W & Tao, D 2008, 'Harmonic mean for subspace selection', Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition.
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Under the homoscedastic Gaussian assumption, it has been shown that Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) suffers from the class separation problem when the dimensionality of subspace selected by FLDA is strictly less than the class number minus 1, i.e., the projection to a subspace tends to merge close class pairs. A recent result shows that maximizing the geometric mean of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergences of class pairs can significantly reduce this problem. In this paper, to further reduce the class separation problem, the harmonic mean is applied to replace the geometric mean for subspace selection. The new method is termed maximization of the harmonic mean of all pairs of symmetric KL divergences (MHMD). As MHMD is invariant to rotational transformations, an efficient optimization procedure can be conducted on the Grassmann manifold. Thorough empirical studies demonstrate the effective of harmonic mean in dealing with the class separation problem. © 2008 IEEE.

Brady, FR, Dyson, LE & Asela, T 2008, 'Indigenous Adoption of Mobile Phones and Oral Culture', Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication, Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communications, Scoool of Information Technology, Murdoch University, Nimes, France, pp. 384-398.
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Indigenous people around the world are becoming more and more interested in ICT. The aural and graphical characteristics of mobile technology and multimedia, in particular, speak to strengths in Indigenous oral and graphical culture. Yet, despite many successful ICT implementations across the globe, there still remain many questions about Indigenous ICT access and adoption. In order to throw light on some of these issues, this paper examines the adoption and use of mobile phones by Indigenous people and how this fits with Indigenous culture. Specifically, we present a preliminary study of mobile phone adoption on a remote island in the Torres Strait with a special focus on Indigenous orality. The study indicates a number of very interesting issues, including an unexpected use of text messaging on mobile phones, as well as phone calls and text messages in the local language Kala Kawa Ya. We tentatively conclude that not only must ICT fit with cultural strengths such as orality but that it must also match key areas of high motivation, such as communication with family.

Cabrera, D, Ferguson, S & Schubert, E 2008, 'PsySound3: An integrated environment for the analysis of sound recordings', Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, AAS'08, pp. 286-292.
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This paper presents possibilities offered by a computer program for analysing features of sound recordings, PsySound3. A wide variety of spectral and sound level analysis methods are implemented, together with models of loudness, roughness, pitch and binaural spatial analysis. In addition to providing access to these analysis methods, this analysis environment provides a context for easy comparison between analysis methods, which is very useful both for teaching and for the testing and development of models for research applications. The paper shows some of the potential for this by way of example. The software is structured so as to be easily extensible (using the Matlab programming environment), and many extensions are envisaged. Written by the authors and colleagues, PsySound3 is freely available via www.psysound.org.

Catley, C, Stratti, H & McGregor, C 2008, 'Multi-Dimensional Temporal Abstraction and Data Mining of Medical Time Series Data: Trends and Challenges', 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 4322-+.
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Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2008, 'Editors' page', 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE-DEST 2008.
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Chen, C-H, Liu, Y-C, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2008, 'A Hybrid of Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization and Cultural Algorithm for Neural Fuzzy Networks', 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-5, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 238-+.
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Chen, P-Y, Van, L-D, Reddy, HC & Lin, C-T 2008, 'A New VLSI 2-D Diagonal-Symmetry Filter Architecture Design', 2008 IEEE ASIA PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (APCCAS 2008), VOLS 1-4, IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS 2008), IEEE, Macao, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 320-+.
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Chen, Y-C, Chiu, S-J, Chen, H-T & Chang, C-F 1970, 'Physically-based analysis and rendering of bidirectional texture functions data', JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, International Computer Symposium (ICS 2006), INST INFORMATION SCIENCE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 83-98.

Chonka, A, Chong, SK, Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Multi-core defense system (MSDS) for protecting computer infrastructure against DDoS attacks', Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT Proceedings, pp. 503-508.
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Distributed Denial of Service attacks is one of the most challenging areas to deal with in Security. Not only do security managers have to deal with flood and vulnerability attacks. They also have to consider whether they are from legitimate or malicious attackers. In our previous work we developed a framework called bodyguard, which is to help security software developers from the current serialized paradigm, to a multi-core paradigm. In this paper, we update our research work by moving our bodyguard paradigm, into our new Ubiquitous Multi-Core Framework. From this shift, we show a marked improvement from our previous result of 20% to 110% speedup performance with an average cost of 1.5ms. We also conducted a second series of experiments, which we trained up Neural Network, and tested it against actual DDoS attack traffic. From these experiments, we were able to achieve an average of 93.36%, of this attack traffic. © 2008 IEEE.

Chonka, A, Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Protecting web services from DDOS attacks by SOTA', 5th International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2008, pp. 379-384.
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In the area of SOA and Web Service Security, many well defined security dimensions have been established. However, current Web Security Systems (WS-Security for example) are not equipped to handle Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper we extend upon our previous work on, Service Oriented Traceback Architecture (SOTA), in order to defend Web Services against such attacks. SOTA's main objective is to identify the true identity of forged messages, since an attacker tries to hide their identity, in which to avoid current defence systems and escape prosecution. To accomplish the main objective, SOTA should be attached as close to the source of the attack. When an incoming SOAP message comes into the router, it is tagged with our own SOAP header. The header can be used to traverse the network back to the true source of the attack. According to our experimental evaluations we find that SOTA is simple and effective to use against DDoS attacks.

Chonka, A, Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Protecting web services with service oriented traceback architecture', Proceedings - 2008 IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT 2008, pp. 706-711.
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Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a way of reorganizing software infrastructure into a set of service abstracts. In the area of applying SOA to Web Service Security, there have been some well defined security dimensions. However, current Web Security Systems, like WS-Security are not efficient enough to handle Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Our new approach, Service Oriented Traceback Architecture (SOTA), provides a framework to be able to identify the source of an attack. This is accomplished by deploying our defence system at distributed routers, in order to examine the incoming SOAP messages and place our own SOAP header. By this method, we can then use the new SOAP header information, to traceback through the network the source of the attack. According to our experimental performance evaluations, we find that SOTA is quite scaleable, simple and quite effective at identifying the source. © 2008 IEEE.

Chonka, A, Zhou, W & Yang, X 2008, 'Multi-core security defense system (MSDS)', Proceedings of the 2008 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC 2008, pp. 85-90.
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Today's security program developers are not only facing an uphill battle of developing and implementing. But now have to take into consideration, the emergence of next generation of multi-core system, and its effect on security application design. In our previous work, we developed a framework called bodyguard. The objective of this framework was to help security software developers, shift from their use of serialized paradigm, to a multi-core paradigm. Working within this paradigm, we developed a security bodyguard system called Farmer. This abstract framework placed particular applications into categories, like Security or Multi-media, which were ran on separate core processors within the multi-core system. With further analysis of the bodyguard paradigm, we found that this paradigm was suitable to be used in other computer science areas, such as Spam filtering and multi-media. In this paper, we update our research work within the bodyguard paradigm, and showed a marked improvement of 110% speedup performance with an average cost of 1.5ms. © 2008 IEEE.

Chonka, A, Zhou, W, Knapp, K & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Protecting information systems from DDoS attack using multicore methodology', Proceedings - 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops, CIT Workshops 2008, pp. 270-275.
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Previous work, in the area of defense systems has focused on developing a firewall like structure, in order to protect applications from attacks. The major drawback for implementing security in general, is that it affects the performance of the application they are trying to protect. In fact, most developers avoid implementing security at all. With the coming of new multicore systems, we might at last be able to minimize the performance issues that security places on applications. In our bodyguard framework we propose a new kind of defense that acts alongside, not in front, of applications. This means that performance issues that effect system applications are kept to a minimum, but at the same time still provide high grade security. Our experimental results demonstrate that a ten to fifteen percent speedup in performance is possible, with the potential of greater speedup. © 2008 IEEE. DOI 10.1109/CIT.2008.Workshops.88.

Chonka, A, Zhou, W, Ngo, L & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Ubiquitous multicore (UM) methodology for multimedia', Proceedings - International Symposium on Computer Science and Its Applications, CSA 2008, pp. 131-136.
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For at least a decade or more, multimedia developers have taken for granted, that each generation of microprocessors would lead them to modify their application, in order make them run substantially faster. This so-called free' ride seems to be coming to an end, with results in increased clock speeds, the widening of the gap in processor and memory performance, and the tradeoffs that are needed to meet the former two points. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous multicore (UM) design, in order to speed up computations and allow real-time multimedia. To accomplish this objective, we separate out the different multimedia and place them on their own separate core processors. For example, a manager trains his/her staff on security, by utilizing different multimedia. For example, showing a visual documentary on security which asks staff members questions, records their answers and updates the manager in real-time. As our experiments show, our UM system increases performance speeds at an average of 100%, with the average execution cost of 1.4ms, which shows multimedia resources are being used more efficiently and effectively. © 2008 IEEE.

Chonka, A, Zhou, W, Singh, J & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Detecting and tracing DDoS attacks by Intelligent Decision Prototype', 6th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2008, pp. 578-583.
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Over the last couple of months a large number of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have occurred across the world, especially targeting those who provide web services. IP traceback, a counter measure against DDoS, is the ability to trace IP packets back to the true source/s of the attack. In this paper, an IP traceback scheme using a machine learning technique called Intelligent Decision Prototype (IDP), is proposed. IDP can be used on both Probabilistic Packet Marking (PPM) and Deterministic Packet Marking (DPM) traceback schemes to identify DDoS attacks. This will greatly reduce the packets that are marked and in effect make the system more efficient and effective at tracing the source of an attack compared with other methods. IDP can be applied to many security systems such as Data Mining, Forensic Analysis, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and DDoS defense systems. © 2008 IEEE.

Chuang, C-H, Kuo, B-C & Wang, H-P 2008, 'Fuzzy Fusion Method for Combining Small Number of Classifiers in Hyperspectral Image Classification', ISDA 2008: EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS, 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA 2008), IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN, pp. 327-332.
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Clear, T, Edwards, J, Lister, RF, Simon, B, Thompson, E & Whalley, J 2008, 'The Teaching of Novice Computer Programmers:Bringing the Scholarly-Research Approach to Australia', Computing Education 2008. Proc. Tenth Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE 2008). CRPIT. 78, Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australian Computer Society, Wollongong, pp. 63-68.
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BRACElet is a multi-institutional multi-national research study of how novice programmers comprehend and write computer programs. This paper reviews the first action research cycle of the BRACElet project and, in the process, charts a path for the upcoming second cycle. The project remains close to educational practice, with much of the data being either data collected directly from exams sat by novices, or data from think-out-Ioud protocols where the task undertaken by a novice or an expert is modelled on an exam question. The first action research cycle analysed data in terms of the SOLO taxonomy. From think-aloud responses, the authors found that educators tended to manifest a SOLO relational response on small reading problems, whereas students tended to manifest a multistructural response. Furthennore, those students who manifested a relational response tended to do better overall in the exam than students who manifested a multistructural response. The second action research cycle will explore the relationship between the ability to read code and the ability to write code. Apart from reporting on the BRACElet project itself, this paper serves as an invitation for institutions and individuals to join the second action research cycle of the BRACElet project.

Clear, T, Whalley, J, Lister, RF, Carbone, A, Hu, M, Sheard, J, Simon, B & Thompson, E 2008, 'Reliably Classifying Novice Programmer Exam Responses using the SOLO Taxonomy', 21st Annual Conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 23-30.
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Abstract: Past papers of the BRACElet project have described an approach to teaching and assessing students where the students are presented with short pieces of code, and are instructed to explain, in plain English, what the code does. The student responses to these types of questions can be analysed according to the SOLO taxonomy. Some students display an understanding of the code as a single, functional whole, while other students cannot âsee the forest for the treesâ. However, classifying student responses into the taxonomy is not always straightforward. This paper analyses the reliability of the SOLO taxonomy as a means of categorising student responses. The paper derives an augmented set of SOLO categories for application to the programming domain, and proposes a set of guidelines for researchers to use.

Debenham, JK, Simoff, SJ, Leaney, JR & Mirchandani, VR 2008, 'Smart Communications Network Management Through a Synthesis of Distributed Intelligence and Information', Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice II, World Computer Congress, Springer Verlag, Milano, Italy, pp. 415-420.
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Demands on communications networks to support bundled, interdependent communications services (data, voice, video) are increasing in complexity. Smart network management techniques are required to meet this demand. Such management techniques are envisioned to be based on two main technologies: (i) embedded intelligence; and (ii) up-to-the-millisecond delivery of performance information. This paper explores the idea of delivery of intelligent network management as a synthesis of distributed intelligence and information, obtained through information mining of network performance.

Dellepiane, M, Pietroni, N, Tsingos, N, Asselot, M & Scopigno, R 2008, 'Reconstructing head models from photographs for individualized 3D-audio processing', Computer Graphics Forum, Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK, pp. 1719-1727.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A Semantic Crawler Based On An Extended Cbr Algorithm', On The Move To Meaningful Internet Systems: Otm 2008 Workshops, On the Move Confederated International Conference and Workshops, Springer-verlag Berlin, Monterrey, MEXICO, pp. 1076-1085.
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A semantic (web) crawler refers to a series of web crawlers designed for harvesting semantic web content. This paper presents the frame-work of a semantic crawler that call abstract metadata from online webpages and Cluster the metadata by associating th

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A Survey In Semantic Search Technologies', 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Phitsanulok, Thailand, pp. 403-408.
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In this paper, we make a survey over the primary literature regarding semantic search technologies. By classifying the literature into six main categories, we review their characteristics respectively. In addition, the issues within the reviewed semantic search methods and engines are analysed and concluded based on four perspectives.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A Survey In Semantic Web Technologies-inspired Focused Crawlers', 2008 Third International Conference On Digital Information Management, Vols 1 And 2, International Conference on Digital Information Management, IEEE, London, ENGLAND, pp. 961-963.
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Crawlers are software which can traverse the internet and retrieve webpages by hyperlinks. In the face of the inundant spam websites, traditional web crawlers cannot function well to solve this problem. Semantic focused crawlers utilize semantic web tech

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A survey in semantic web technologies-inspired focused crawlers', 3rd International Conference on Digital Information Management, ICDIM 2008, pp. 934-936.
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Crawlers are software which can traverse the internet and retrieve webpages by hyperlinks. In the face of the inundant spam websites, traditional web crawlers cannot function well to solve this problem. Semantic focused crawlers utilize semantic web technologies to analyze the semantics of hyperlinks and web documents. This paper briefly reviews the recent studies on one category of semantic focused crawlers - ontology-based focused crawlers, which are a series of crawlers that utilize ontologies to link the fetched web documents with the ontological concepts (topics). The purpose of this is to organize and categorize web documents, or filtering irrelevant webpages with regards to the topics. A brief comparison are made among these crawlers, from six perspectives - domain, working environment, special functions, technologies utilized, evaluation metrics and evaluation results. The conclusion with respect to this comparison is made in the final section. © 2008 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A Survey In Traditional Information Retrieval Models', 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Phitsanulok, Thailand, pp. 397-402.
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As a matter of fact, many so-called semantic search algorithms are derived from the traditional indexterm- based search models. In this paper, we survey the traditional information retrieval models by categorizing them into three main classes and eleven subclasses, and analyse their benefits and issues of them.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A transport service ontology-based focused Crawler', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge, and Grid, SKG 2008, pp. 49-56.
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Ontology is a technology for conceptualizing specific domain knowledge, which can provide machine-readable definitions to the severed domain. Therefore, ontology can be utilized to enhance the performance of focused crawlers, by precisely defining the crawling boundary. In this paper, we will exhibit a conceptual framework of an ontology-based focused crawler serving in the domain of transport services. Here, a transport service ontology is designed for filtering non-relevant metadata, by means of logically linking the metadata with ontological concepts. In addition, we will provide the evaluation process in order to assess the power of ontology in the focused crawler. Conclusion and further works based on our current evaluation results will be made in the final section. © 2008 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A Work-in-progress Platform For Solving Knowledge Sharing Issues In Organizations', 2008 6th International Symposium On Intelligent Systems And Informatics, International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics, IEEE, Subotica, SERBIA, pp. 374-378.
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In this paper, we propose a knowledge sharing platform based on the technology of ontology and agent, in order to solve the issues in the knowledge sharing activities within organizations. Based on the analysis of literature, the issues within current or

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'Developing A Conceptual Framework Of Semantic Search Engine To Promote The Collaborations Between Smes In The Digital Ecosystems Environment', 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Phitsanulok, Thailand, pp. 409-412.
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The research with regards to digital ecosystems emerged in the end of last century, and has developed in this century. Due to its immaturity, some fields within it are deemed to be blank. This research proposes to fill one of the blanks in the digital ecosystems research. By analyzing the issues in the current research, we propose to develop a semantic search engine, with the purpose of querying services provided by SMEs. The objective of this research is to build a reliable and trustworthy link between SMEs in the digital ecosystems environment. Relevant research methods and steps are discussed in this paper.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'Developing A Semantic Service Transaction System In The DE Environment', 6th IEEE International Conference On Industrial Informatics 2008, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, IEEE, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1353-1357.
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Digital Ecosystem (DE), which is an emerging service environment beyond the service-oriented architecture (SOA), is increasingly attracting researchers' interest. However, current literature reveals that there is not reliable and trustworthy technical su

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'Quality of service (QOS) based service retrieval engine', MoMM2008 - The 6th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia, pp. 405-408.
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It is observed that there are few service evaluation and ranking methodologies currently available in the SOE. In this paper, we propose an innovative service evaluation and ranking strategy, based on the measurement of trustworthiness and reputation of services (or service providers'). CCCI Metrics originally proposed and developed by Chang et al [1] is used to measure the trustworthiness and reputation of e-services. Here we extend the application of CCCI Metrics to the field of service retrieval. A java-based search engine prototype is designed, with the purpose of implementing the trustworthiness and reputation-based service search, evaluation and ranking. Conclusions and future works are drawn in the final section. © 2008 ACM.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'State Of The Art In Metadata Abstraction Crawlers', 2008 IEEE International Conference On Industrial Technology, Vols 1-5, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, IEEE, Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1404-1409.
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Nowadays, the research of crawlers moves closer to the semantic web, along with the appearance of increasing XML/RDF/OWL files and the rapid development of ontology mark-up languages. As an emerging concept, metadata abstraction crawlers are a series of

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'State of the Art in Negotiation Ontologies for Enhancing Business Intelligence', Proceedings - International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices, NWeSP 2008, pp. 107-112.
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Negotiation is defined as two or more agents making agreement on the common interests, which provides an efficient approach for companies to gain business intelligence from suppliers and customers. Current negotiation research focuses on automatically stimulating negotiation behaviors among agents. Ontology, as a modeling technology in semantic web, is regarded as an effective tool to improve the negotiation ability of agents, considering that ontology can provide richer semantic expressions for agents in negotiation process. In this paper, we make a brief review on the current negotiation ontology researches. In addition, by means of a unique ontology notation system, we unify the notations used in these ontologies, to maximally promote knowledge sharing outcome in this field. By comparing and contrasting the ontologies from five perspectives, we draw a brief conclusion to the present status of negotiation ontology researches, and make our suggestions to the further research in this field. © 2008 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'Transport Service Ontology And Its Application In The Field Of Semantic Search', IEEE/soli'2008: Proceedings Of 2008 IEEE International Conference On Service Operations And Logistics, And Informatics, Vols 1 And 2, IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics, IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 820-824.
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Transport is a crucial component in logistics, which joints each activity in the logistics chain. The performance of logistics heavily relies on the efficiency of transport services. However, until now there has not been a clear definition about transpor

Dong, H, Hussain, FK, Chang, E & IEEE 2008, 'A Survey in Semantic Search Technologies', 2008 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, pp. 422-427.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK, Chang, E & IEEE 2008, 'A Survey in Traditional Information Retrieval Models', 2008 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, pp. 500-505.

Dong, J, Wang, J, Sun, D & Lu, H 2008, 'The Research of Software Product Line Engineering Process and Its Integrated Development Environment Model', Proceedings of International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology, International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology, the IEEE Computer Society, Shanghai, China, pp. 66-71.
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In order to realize the industrialization production of software, people have carried out research on and analysis the software product line architecture of the growing maturity, component technology and development methods for product line. In this paper, a novel software engineering process model is proposed based on the modern industrial production systems and automated production method: that is ldquoN-life-cycle modelrdquo. Based on this new model, not only integrated software engineering environment model and framework have been proposed, which are based on the product line development process model, but also study systematically on theirs implementation. "N-life-cycle model" and "integrated software engineering environment model based on the product line" which are set up in the article are brand-new open models possessing modern manufacturing production characteristic. The models can impel the research development quickly of product line engineering and product line software engineering environment towards the industrialisation and automatization of the software industry.

Dong, J, Zeng, F, Wang, J & Lu, H 2009, 'Price Forecasting of Supply Chain Product Based on Dynamic Fractal Dimension', International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering - Vol 2, International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, IEEE Computer Society, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 153-156.
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Supply chain management (SCM) is an emerging field that has commanded attention and support from the industrial community. Demand forecast taking inventory into consideration is an important issue in SCM. This paper presents a novel computerized system for implementing the forecasting activities required in SCM. It can help the supply chain enterprises find hidden forms, trends and relationships in the date of supply chain by the dynamic fractal dimension of fractal theory, find that dynamic fractal dimension not only can overcome the delay of the existing technical analysis on the price forecasts, and but also can instruct the supply chain product prices in advance.

Dray, K & Williams, S 2008, 'Centralised Government Telephone Information Services: A Policy Perspective', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-GOVERNMENT, 4th International Conference on e-Government, ACAD CONFERENCES LTD, RMIT Univ, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 121-+.

Dyson, LE & Nataatmadja, I 2008, 'Students Motivations in Podcast Use', Interactive Mobile and Computer aided Learning (IMCL), Interactive Mobile and Computer aided Learning, IMCL, Amman, Jordan, pp. 1-5.
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Dyson, LE, Lawrence, EM, Litchfield, AJ & Bachfischer, A 2008, 'M-Fieldwork for Information Systems Students', Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Shidler College of Business, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Hawaii, Waikoloa, USA, pp. 1-10.
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Fieldwork has long been identified as providing students undertaking professional studies with a means of implementing theory into a real world context. In recent years some educators, particularly in the health sciences, have introduced mobile devices to support students' fieldwork learning. In many ways there is a natural link between fieldwork and mobile technology. In this paper we report on a trial to introduce mobile support into the study of information systems in the field. The experience showed that mobile devices can assist students collect data in richer, multimedia formats and make subsequent classroom presentations of their field study much more interesting. However, it also revealed certain usage and deployment issues with the mobile devices themselves which have implications for device selection and educational design.

Dyson, LE, Leigh, EE, Litchfield, AJ, Raban, R & Tyler, JV 2008, 'Improving the Participation of International and local Students Using mLearning', UTS Learning and Teaching Forum, UTS, UTS.

Dyson, LE, Raban, R, Litchfield, AJ & Lawrence, EM 2008, 'Embedding M-Learning into Mainstream Educational Practice: Overcoming the Cost Barrier', Interactive Mobile and Computer Aided Learning (IMCL2008), Interactive Mobile and Computer Aided Learning, IMCL, Amman, Jordan, pp. 1-9.
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Dyson, LE, Sixsmith, AJ & Than, TK 2008, 'Australian Newspaper Blogs', Information and Knowledge Management in Business Globalization: Theory & Practice, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 194-200.
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Blogs have become one of the most prominent fonns of social media on the Web. This paper reports on the first part ofa comprehensive study of how a mainstream Australian media organisation is integrating blogs into their business. The research used a qualitative approach and data collection was undertaken using semi-structured interviews with newspaper staff. The findings presented provide an insight into the opportunities to be gained and the challenges to be faced by Australian media organisations as they incorporate blogs in their online offerings.

Eklund, JM, McGregor, C & Smith, KP 2008, 'A Method for Physiological Data Transmission and Archiving to Support the Service of Critical Care Using DICOM and HL7', 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 1486-+.
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Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2008, 'A Particle Swarm Optimization based Algorithm for Fuzzy Bilevel Decision Making', 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-5, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1454-1459.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2008, 'A Particle Swarm Optimization based Algorithm for Fuzzy Bilevel Decision Making', WCCI 2008 Proceedings: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Kong Kong, China, pp. 1452-1457.
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Bilevel decision techniques are developed for decentralized planning problems with decision makers located in a two-level system. This study develops a particle swarm optimization based algorithm to solve fuzzy linear bilevel (FLBL) decision problems. A main advantage of this algorithm is that the optimization technique is adopted directly on FLBL problems by fully considering the original information carried by the fuzzy parameters, thus minimizing information loss. Experiments reveal that this algorithm can effectively solve the fuzzy linear bilevel decision problems.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2008, 'A Particle Swarm Optimization based Algorithm for Fuzzy Bilevel Decision Making with Objective-shared Followers', Simulated Evolution and Learning, Asia-Pacific Conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning, Springer, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 190-199.
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A bilevel decision problem may have multiple followers as the lower decision units and have fuzzy demands simultaneously. This paper focuses on problems of fuzzy linear bilevel decision making with multiple followers who share a common objective but have different constraints (FBOSF). Based on the ranking relationship among fuzzy sets defined by cut set and satisfactory degree, a FBOSF model is presented and a particle swarm optimization based algorithm is developed.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Goyal, ML 2008, 'A Decision Support System for Fuzzy Bilevel Decision Making', Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control: Proceedings of the 8th International FLINS Conference, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Madrid, Spain, pp. 763-768.
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Bilevel decision techniques are developed for decentralized decision problems, which may be defined by fuzzy coefficients. Based on a fuzzy linear bilevel (FLBL) model and two FLBL algorithms, this research develops a FLBL decision support system (FLBLDS

Ghous, H, Kennedy, PJ, Catchpoole, DR & Simoff, SJ 2008, 'Kernel-based visualisation of genes with the Gene Ontology', Data Mining and Analytics 2008: proceedings of the Seventh Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2008), Conferences in Research and Practice in IT (CRPIT), Vol. 87, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Adelaide, pp. 133-140.
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Golsteijn, C, van den Hoven, E, Geurts, S, Eichenbrenner, M, van Leest, C, van den Hurk, S & Ling, YS 2008, 'BLB: A Persuasive and Interactive Installation Designed to Improve Well-being', In proceedings of the Third International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2008, Persuasive 2008, Springer, Oulu, Finland, pp. 262-265.
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Well-being is a broad subject, which is described in this paper as: a personal balance of mental, social and physical being, influenced by life circumstances and life factors. These factors include emotions, engagement, life satisfaction, intentional activities and social network. The project described in this paper aims at improving well-being through the design of a persuasive and interactive installation for the home environment. After the investigation of well-being by means of a literature study, cultural probes and questionnaires, a concept was developed. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of this concept. 'BLB', as it is called, encourages its users to seize the moment in order to increase their well-being.

Goyal, ML & Ma, J 2008, 'Using Agent's Eagerness and Competition in Automated Bidding Strategy', Proceedings of International Confrence on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-AIT '08) - Vol 1, IEEE/WIC/ACM international Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE Computer Society, Sydney, Australia, pp. 855-861.
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To be successful in multi-attribute auction, agents must be capable of adapting to continuous changing bidding price. This paper presents a novel fuzzy attitude based bidding strategy (FA-Bid), which employs dual assessment technique i.e. assessment of multiple attributes of the goods as well as assessment of agents attitude (eagerness) to procure an item in automated auction. The assessment of attributes adapts the fuzzy sets technique to handle uncertainty of the bidding process as well use heuristic rules to determine attitude of bidding agents in simulated auctions to procure goods. The overall assessment is used to determine a price range based on current bid, which finally selects the best one as the new bid.

Guo, Y, Dou, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2008, 'Numerical Magnetic Field Analysis and Parameter Computation of a PM Synchronous Generator', ICEMS 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1- 8, 11th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, WORLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 2866-+.

Guo, Y, Dou, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2008, 'Numerical Magnetic Field Analysis and Performance Computation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator', Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), World Publishing Corporation, Wuhan, China, pp. 2866-2869.

Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Lu, H 2008, 'Development of a Wound Rotor Brushless Doubly Fed Machine Based on Slot MMF Harmonics', Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IEEE, USA, Edmonton, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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In the rotor winding magnetomotive force (MMF) of an ac machine, there exist so-called slot harmonics which appear in pairs and the lower order harmonic of each pair rotates in the opposite direction against the fundamental component. In addition, the slot harmonics have the same winding factor as the fundamental component. Based on these properties, this paper develops a brushless doubly fed machine (BDFM) with wound rotor. The machine consists of two stator windings with p1 and p2 pole-pairs, respectively. The rotor has a normal symmetrical multi-phase winding, in which rotating MMFs with p1 and p2 pole-pairs are induced by their stator counterparts. When the number of rotor slots equals the sum p1 and p2, the two MMFs rotate in opposite directions with respect to the rotor, satisfying the requirement of a BDFM. The major advantage of such a machine is that for both p1 and p2 pole-pair MMFs the winding factor is as high as that of the fundamental component, leading to high utilization of rotor winding and electrical efficiency.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Chen, J, Su, SW, Lu, H & Jin, J 2008, 'Performance Analysis of a Claw Pole PM Motor', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference 2008, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-5.
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This paper presents the performance analysis of a three-phase three-stack permanent magnet (PM) claw pole motor by using an improved phase variable model, which has been developed for accurate and efficient performance simulation of PM brushless dc motors. The improved model can take into account the effect of magnetic saturation and rotor position dependence of key parameters including back electromagnetic force, winding inductance, cogging torque and core loss, which are obtained from time-stepping nonlinear magnetic field finite element analysis (FEA). The presented model has been implemented in Simulink environment and employed to simulate the dynamic and steady-state performance of the three-phase three-stack PM claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator. Parameter computation and performance simulation are validated by experiments on the motor prototype.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lin, Z, Wang, S & Jin, J 2008, '3-D Vector Magnetic Properties of SMC Material for Advanced Field Analysis of SMC Machine', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-4.
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In a rotating electrical machine or the T-joints of a multiphase transformer, the magnetic flux is basically three dimensional (3-D) and rotational. This paper presents the 3-D vector magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials for advanced field analysis of electromagnetic devices with SMC core, which is particularly developed for application of electrical machines with complex structure and 3-D flux. The 3-D magnetic reluctivity tensor is derived from the magnetic measurements on a cubic SMC sample by using a 3-D magnetic property tester. The tensor consists of both diagonal and offdiagonal terms and the latter account for the effect of rotating flux. Practical techniques for employing the vector magnetic properties in field analysis are reviewed and discussed.

Hammadi, A, Hussain, FK, Chang, E, Dillon, TS & Ali, S 2008, 'Ontological Framework For Trust & Reputation For DBE', 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference On Digital Ecosystems And Technologies, IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Phitsanulok, THAILAND, pp. 650-653.
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Abstract- Today's e-Businesses rely heavily on trust and reputation systems. These systems are key indicators for businesses performance. Businesses that interact with each other for their business needs form a Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE). Members ofDBE need to know the trust and reputation value of each other before the start of business interactions. The feedback mechanism is needed so that members of DBE form a unanimous opinion about trustworthiness of any specific member of the community and based their business interactions on this opinion. We present an ontological framework that will combine the feedback from all different trust and reputation information publicly available for a specific member of a domain and gives the knowledge representation on the bases of combined feedback. We call this ontological framework 'feedback ontology'.

Harbinson, D, Balsys, RJ & Suffern, KG 2008, 'Real-time antialiasing of Edges and Contours of Point Rendered Implicit Surfaces', Fifth International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE Computer Society, Penang, pp. 38-46.
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Hardy, C & Williams, S 2008, 'Making e-Government Research Designs Visible: Reflexivity and Collaborative Research', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-GOVERNMENT, 4th International Conference on e-Government, ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD, RMIT Univ, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 171-178.

Heijboer, M & van den Hoven, E 2008, 'Keeping up appearances: Interpretation of tangible artifact design', Proceedings of the 5th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, NordiCHI 2008: Building Bridges, ACM, Lund, Sweden, pp. 162-171.
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The design and interaction of physical game artefacts is becoming increasingly important for the design of digital tabletop games. In this paper a study is described investigating the differences in interpretations of realistic and abstract game artifacts comparing children and adults. A game was created on a digital tabletop as a carrier for the user evaluation presented in this paper. The appearance of the game artifacts was explored and a family of each of the artifacts was created. The interpretations of each of the individual artifacts and their different visual appearances were tested to determine whether children rank and interpret the functionalities of the artefacts differently than adults. The results showed that overall the understanding of abstract artifacts compared to realistic ones was best for both children and adults. It also indicated there was no significant difference in the interpretations of the realistic and abstract artefacts between children and adults.

Hong, D, Höllerer, T, Haller, M, Takemura, H, Cheok, AD, Kim, GJ, Billinghurst, M, Woo, W, Hornecker, E, Jacob, RJK, Hummels, C, Ullmer, B, Schmidt, A, Van Den Hoven, E & Mazalek, A 2008, 'Advances in tangible interaction and ubiquitous virtual reality', IEEE Pervasive Computing, pp. 90-96.
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The first article reports on context-sensitive augmented-reality research presented at the 2007 International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality. This student-organized event explored the use of contextual information, design principles, and effective user evaluation for developing AR applications for ubiquitous computing environments. The second article reports on The International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction, the first conference series worldwide to focus on tangible and embedded interaction. The conference is interdisciplinary, covering the arts, hardware design, software toolkits for prototyping, and user studies and theory development. © 2006 IEEE.

Hsueh, C-W, Chung, J-F, Van, L-D & Lin, C-T 2008, 'Anticipatory access pipeline design for phased cache', PROCEEDINGS OF 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-10, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Seattle, WA, pp. 2342-+.
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Huang, C-C, Hung, S-H, Chung, J-F, Van, L-D & Lin, C-T 2008, 'Front-end amplifier of low-noise and tunable BW/Gain for portable biomedical signal acquisition', PROCEEDINGS OF 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-10, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Seattle, WA, pp. 2717-+.
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Huang, M, Nguyen, Q & Liang, J 2008, 'A Usability Study on the Use of Multi-Context Visualization', Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization - Modern Techniques and Applications, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE Computer Society, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 311-316.
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Huang, W-C, Hung, S-H, Chung, J-F, Chang, M-H, Van, L-D & Lin, C-T 2008, 'FPGA Implementation of 4-Channel ICA for On-line EEG Signal Separation', 2008 IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE - INTELLIGENT BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS (BIOCAS), IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference - Intelligent Biomedical Systems, IEEE, Baltimore, MD, pp. 65-+.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Hussain, O 2008, 'A robust methodology for prediction of trust and reputation values', Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 97-108.
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In this paper, we present the FC direct trust value-based decision making methodology, for making direct trust value based decisions regarding interactions in (a) a given context and during the current time slot, and (b) a given context and at a future time slot. The direct trust value-based decision making methodology models the context specific nature of trust and the dynamic nature of trust to make direct trust value-based decisions regarding interactions. Additionally in this paper, we present the FC reputation-based trust decision making methodology, for making reputation-based trust decisions regarding interactions, if direct trust value-based decisions cannot be made. The FC reputationbased trust decision making methodology can make reputationbased trust decisions regarding interactions in (a) a given context and during the current time slot, and (b) a given context and at a future time slot. Copyright 2008 ACM.

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Dillon, TS & Hussain, FK 2008, 'Ascertaining The Semantic And Linguistic Level Of Perceived Risk In E-business Interactions', Proceedings Of The ICEBE 2008: IEEE International Conference On E-business Engineering, IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, IEEE Computer Soc, Xian, China, pp. 723-727.
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By analyzing the level of perceived risk in the domain of e-business, the interaction initiating agent can determine beforehand whether or not it will achieve its desired outcomes and the associated consequences to it in interacting with the other agent.

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Dillon, TS & Hussain, FK 2008, 'Determining The Level Of Perceived Risk In E-business Web 2.0 Interactions', Proceedings Of The ICEBE 2008: IEEE International Conference On E-business Engineering, IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, IEEE Computer Soc, Xian, China, pp. 13-20.
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In the domain of e-commerce business it is important for the initiating agent of the interaction to analyze and consider the level of perceived risk in forming an interaction with an agent, apart from just considering the level of trust and security. By

Hussain, O, Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2008, 'Highlighting The Issues In Making An Informed Interaction-based Decision In Industrial Ecosystems', 6th IEEE International Conference On Industrial Informatics 2008, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, IEEE, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1324-1329.
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In the literature, the notion of trust has been widely discussed and various approaches have been proposed to assess and quantify it, in order to take it into consideration when making an interaction-based decision in industrial ecosystems. At the same t

Hussain, OK, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2008, 'Determining the failure level for risk analysis in an e-commerce interaction', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 290-323.
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Before initiating a financial e-commerce interaction over the World Wide Web, the initiating agent would like to analyze the possible Risk in interacting with an agent, to ascertain the level to which it will not achieve its desired outcomes in the interaction. By analyzing the possible risk, the initiating agent can make an informed decision of its future course of action with that agent. To determine the possible risk in an interaction, the initiating agent has to determine the probability of failure and the possible consequences of failure to its resources involved in the interaction. In this chapter as a step towards risk analysis, we propose a methodology by which the initiating agent can determine beforehand the probability of failure in interacting with an agent, to achieve its desired outcomes. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Hussain, OK, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2008, 'Quantifying the numeric and linguistic magnitude of perceived risk in e-commerce interactions for RDSS', 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE-DEST 2008, pp. 604-610.
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In an e-commerce business interaction, the risk assessing agent by analyzing the possible level of perceived risk beforehand can make an informed decision of its future course of interaction with an agent. The perceived risk in the context of an e-commerce business interaction is a multidimensional construct which is the combination of its subcategories. In this paper we propose a methodology by which the risk assessing agent can ascertain the numeric and linguistic level of perceived risk in an interaction by combining its different subcategories. © 2008 IEEE.

Islam, MR, Singh, J, Chonka, A & Zhou, W 2008, 'Multi-classifier classification of spam email on an ubiquitous multi-core architecture', Proceedings - 2008 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2008, pp. 210-217.
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This paper presents an innovative fusion based multi-classifier email classification on a ubiquitous multi-core architecture. Many approaches use text-based single classifiers or multiple weakly trained classifiers to identify spam messages from a large email corpus. We build upon our previous work on multi-core by apply our ubiquitous multi-core framework to run our fusion based multi-classifier architecture. By running each classifier process in parallel within their dedicated core, we greatly improve the performance of our proposed multi-classifier based filtering system. Our proposed architecture also provides a safeguard of user mailbox from different malicious attacks. Our experimental results show that we achieved an average of 30% speedup at the average cost of 1.4ms. We also reduced the instance of false positive, which is one of the key challenges in spam filtering system, and increases email classification accuracy substantially compared with single classification techniques. © 2008 IEEE.

Islam, MR, Zhou, W & Chowdhury, MU 2008, 'Email categorization using (2+1)-tier classification algorithms', Proceedings - 7th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science, IEEE/ACIS ICIS 2008, In conjunction with 2nd IEEE/ACIS Int. Workshop on e-Activity, IEEE/ACIS IWEA 2008, pp. 276-281.
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In this paper we have proposed a spam filtering technique using (2+1)-tier classification approach. The main focus of this paper is to reduce the false positive (FP) rate which is considered as an important research issue in spam filtering. In our approach, firstly the email message will classify using first two tier classifiers and the outputs will appear to the analyzer. The analyzer will check the labeling of the output emails and send to the corresponding mailboxes based on labeling, for the case of identical prediction. If there are any misclassifications occurred by first two tier classifiers then tier-3 classifier will invoked by the analyzer and the tier-3 will take final decision. This technique reduced the analyzing complexity of our previous work [11,12], It has also been shown that the proposed technique gives better performance in terms of reducing false positive as well as better accuracy. © 2008 IEEE.

Jay, B & Jones, SP 2008, 'Scrap your type applications', Mathematics of Program Construction, 9th International Conference, MPC 2008, Marseille, France, July 2008, Springer, pp. 2-27.
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Johnston, BG & Williams, M 2008, 'Comirit: Commonsense Reasoning by Integrating Simulation and Logic', Artificial General Intelligance 2008 Proceedings of the First AGI Conference, Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, IOS Press, Inst of Technology, University of Memphis, TN, USA, pp. 200-211.
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Rich computer simulations or quantitative models can enable an agent to realistically predict real-world behaviour with precision and performance that is difficult to emulate in logical formalisms. Unfortunately, such simulations lack the deductive flexibility of techniques such as formal logics and so do not find natural application in the deductive machinery of commonsense or general purpose reasing systems. This dilemma can, however, be resolved via a hybrid architecture that combines tableaux-based reasoning with a framework for generic simulation based on the concept of 'molecular' models. This combination exploits the complementary strengths of logic and simulation, allowing an agent to build and reason with automatically constructed simulations in a problem-sensitive manner.

Johnston, BG, Yang, F, Mendoza, R, Chen, X & Williams, M 2008, 'Ontology Based Object Categorization for Robots', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Vol 5345: Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, PAKM 2008, International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management, Springer, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 219-231.
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Meaningfully managing the relationship between representations and the entities they represent remains a challenge in robotics known as grounding. In this paper we Semantic Web technologies to provide a powerful extension to existing proposals for grounding robotic systems and have consequently developed OBOC, the first robotic software system with an ontology-based vision syb-system.

Juszczyszyn, K, Kazienko, P & Musial, K 2008, 'Local topology of social network based on motif analysis', KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS, 12th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Zagreb, CROATIA, pp. 97-105.

Kazienko, P & Musial, K 2008, 'Mining personal social features in the community of email users', SOFSEM 2008: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, 34th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Novy Smokovec, SLOVAKIA, pp. 708-719.

Kazienko, P, Musial, K & Juszczyszyn, K 2008, 'Recommendation of multimedia objects based on similarity of ontologies', KNOWLEDGE - BASED INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS, 12th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Zagreb, CROATIA, pp. 194-201.

Kazienko, P, Musiał, K & Kajdanowicz, T 2008, 'Profile of the social network in photo sharing systems', 14th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2008, pp. 2815-2826.
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People, who interact, cooperate or share common activities within the photo sharing system can be seen as a multirelational social network. The results of their activities, i.e. tags, comments, references to favourites and others that semantically connect users through multimedia objects, i.e. pictures are the crucial component of the semantic web concept. Every online sharing system provides data that can be used for extraction of different kinds of relations grouped in layers in the multirelational social network. Layers and their profiles were identified and studied on two, spanned in time, snapshots of Flickr population for better understanding of social network structure complexity. Additionally, for each of the identified layers, a separate strength measure was proposed in the paper. The experiments on the Flickr photo sharing system revealed that users are inspired by both the semantic relationships between objects they operate on and social links they have to other users. Moreover, the density and affluence of the social network grows over course of time.

Kenning, G 2008, 'Crochet Lace as Expression of Digital Culture', http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1108&context=tsaconf, Textile Society of America: Textiles as cultural expressions, Textile Society of America, Honolulu.

Kenning, G 2008, 'Exploring evolutionary possibiltiesfor digital doilies', Generative Art 2008, Domus Argenia, Milan.

Keqiu, L, Zhou, W & Valero, M 2008, 'Message from the general chairs', Proceedings - 10th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, HPCC 2008.
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Kierkels, J & van den Hoven, E 2008, 'Children's Haptic Experiences of Tangible Artifacts Varying in Hardness', Proceedings of the 5th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, NordiCHI 2008: Building Bridges, ACM, Lund, Sweden, pp. 221-228.
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In this paper we describe our investigations on the role of material hardness in the haptic experience of tangible artefacts. Without seeing the artifacts children had to rank their experience on a scale of two antonyms while touching and holding these artifacts. In this experiment it was shown that children have no problem ranking hardness. Two groups could be identified: soft artifacts were found to be cute, speedy and warm, e.g., and hard artifacts boring, sad and old-fashioned. We think that paying attention to this factor in the design of tangible user interfaces for children can improve their experience.

Kuo, BC, Chuang, CH, Hung, CC & Yang, SW 2008, 'A novel random subspace method using spectral and spatial information for hyperspectral image classification', International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS).
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Many studies have demonstrated that multiple classifier systems, such as random subspace method, obtain more outstanding and robust results than a single classifier. In this study, we propose a novel RSM framework which is composed of two parts. The first part is the construction of a weighted RSM, where weights are given by two classifier-based distributions. One is the feature weighting distribution, and the other is the subspace dimensionality distribution that helps for dynamically selecting the size of subspace with respect to the employed classifiers. The second part is to introduce the spatial information estimated by the Markov random filed theory into the Bayesian classifiers used in the framework. The real data experimental results show that the proposed framework obtains satisfactory performances, and the classification maps remarkably produce fewer speckles. © 2008 IEEE.

Lawrence, EM, Bachfischer, A, Dyson, LE & Litchfield, AJ 2008, 'Mobile Learning and Student Perspectives: A mReality Check!', 7th International Conference on Mobile Businesses, International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 287-295.
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n this paper the authors report on the results of a survey aimed at ascertaining the opinions of contemporary university students on the use of mobile devices as learning tools. Four hundred and forty two postgraduate and undergraduate students from an Australian University completed the online survey. The authors analyzed both quantitative and qualitative data focusing on the ramifications for m-learning practices in university environments. Mobile technology acceptance factors are used to highlight important findings from the survey.

Lee, S, Leaney, J, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 2008, 'Evaluating open service access with an abstract model of NGN functions', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 487-490.
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As new business models and market opportunities are rapidly emerging from the 'opening up' of telecommunications networks, we required a better understanding of the effectiveness of using open standards to provide access to functions in NGNs. In this paper we reason about the coverage of openly accessible functions using an abstract model of NGN functionality. Defining and using an abstract model allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of open standards from a perspective where a wide range of NGN functionality can be generalised and conveniently categorised. Subsequently, it will be possible to identify the gaps, which are a subset of functionality that we are specifically interested in for our project. © 2008 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Lee, S, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 2008, 'Evaluating Open Service Access with an Abstract Model of NGN Functions', 11th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium, APNOMS 2008, Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Beijing, China, pp. 487-490.
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As new business models and market opportunities are rapidly emerging from the `opening up of telecommunications networks, we required a better understanding of the effectiveness of using open standards to provide access to functions in NGNs. In this paper we reason about the coverage of openly accessible functions using an abstract model of NGN functionality. Defining and using an abstract model allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of open standards from a perspective where a wide range of NGN functionality can be generalised and conveniently categorised. Subsequently, it will be possible to identify the gaps, which are a subset of functionality that we are specifically interested in for our project.

Lee, SA & Lister, RF 2008, 'Experiments in the Dynamics of Phase Coupled Oscillators When Applied to Graph Colouring', 31st Australasian Computer Science Conference (ACSC 2008), Australasian Computer Science Conference, Australian Computer Society, Inc, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 83-89.
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Abstract This paper examines the capacity of networks of phase coupled oscillators to coordinate activity in a parallel, distributed fashion. To benchmark these networks of oscillators, we present empirical results from a study of the capacity of such networks to colour graphs. We generalise the update equation of Aihara et al. (2006) to an equation that can be applied to graphs requiring multiple colours. We find that our simple multi-phase model can colour some types of graphs, especially complete graphs and complete k-partite graphs with equal or a near equal number of vertices in each partition. A surprising empirical result is that the effectiveness of the approach appears to be more dependent upon the topology of the graph than the size of the graph.

Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 2008, 'A self-test to detect a heart attack using a mobile phone and wearable sensors', 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, CBMS 2008, IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, IEEE, Jyvaskyla, pp. 93-98.
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Leong, T, Howard, S & Vetere, F 2008, 'Choice: Abdicating or Exercising', SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), ACM Press, Florence, pp. 715-724.
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Li, P, Zhou, W & Li, K 2008, 'An operational approach to validate the path of BGP', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 133-143.
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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a fundamental component of the current Internet infrastructure. However, BGP is vulnerable to a variety of attacks, since it cannot ensure the authenticity of the path attributes announced by BGP routers. Despite several solutions have been proposed to address this vulnerability, none of them is operational in real-world due to their immense impact on original BGP. In this paper, we propose a Deployable Path Validation Authentication scheme, which can effectively validate the path of BGP. Through analysis and simulation we show that this scheme has little impact on the performance and memory usage for the original BGP, and can be adopted in practice as an operational approach. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Lin, CT & Yu, YC 2008, 'Design of an effective pipeline FFT/IFFT processor', International Journal of Electrical Engineering, pp. 287-297.
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This investigation proposes the novel radix-42 and radix-4 3 algorithms with the low computational complexities of the radix-16 and radix-64 algorithms and the low hardware requirements of the radix-4 algorithm. Based on the multiplierless radix-4 butterfly structure, the proposed radix-42 single-path delay feedback (R42SDF) design and radix-43 single-path delay feedback (R43SDF) design support the 4096-point FFT/IFFT computations. Moreover, the retrenched constant multiplier and eight-folded complex multiplier structures are adopted to decrease the multiplier cost and the coefficient ROM size with the complex conjugate symmetry rule and subexpression elimination technology. To further decrease the chip cost, a finite word-length analysis is provided to indicate that the proposed R42SDF and R43SDF architectures only require 14 and 13-bit internal word-length to achieve 40dB SNR performance in the 4096-point FFT/IFFT computation. The comprehensive comparison results indicate that the proposed R43SDF design has the smallest hardware cost and the highest hardware utilization among the tested architectures for the FFT/IFFT computation, and thus has the highest efficiency. The implementation results show that the proposed R42SDF and R43SDF based 4096-point pipeline FFT/IFFT processors only consumes 6.3725 and 5.985 mW@20 MHz at 1.2V supply voltage in TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS process.

Lin, C-T, Lin, H-Z, Chiu, T-W, Chao, C-F, Chen, Y-C, Liang, S-F & Ko, L-W 2008, 'Distraction-related EEG dynamics in Virtual Reality driving simulation', PROCEEDINGS OF 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-10, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Seattle, WA, pp. 1088-1091.
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Lin, C-T, Pal, NR, Chuang, C-Y, Jung, T-P, Ko, L-W & Liang, S-F 2008, 'An EEG-based Subject- and Session-independent Drowsiness Detection', 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 3448-+.
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Lin, X & Zhang, Y 2008, 'Aggregate computation over data streams', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 10-25.
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Nowadays, we have witnessed the widely recognized phenomenon of high speed data streams. Various statistics computation over data streams is often required by many applications, including processing of relational type queries, data mining and high speed network management. In this paper, we provide survey for three important kinds of aggregate computations over data streams: frequency moment, frequency count and order statistic. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Lister, R, Caspersen, ME & Clancy, M 2008, 'ICER'08 - Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research: Foreword', ICER'08 - Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research.

Lister, RF 2008, 'After the gold rush: toward sustainable scholarship in computing', Tenth Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 3-18.
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Abstract: In just thirty years, we have gone from punched cards to Second Life. But, as the American National Science Foundation (NSF) recently noted, âundergraduate computing education today often looks much as it did several decades ago❠(NSF, 2006). Consequently, todayâs âNintendo Generation❠have voted with their feet. We bore them. The contrast between the changes wrought via computer research over the last 30 years, and the failure of computing education to adapt to those changes, is because computing academics lead a double life. In our research lives we see ourselves as part of a community that reaches beyond our own university. We read literature, we attend conferences, we publish, and the cycle repeats, with community members building upon each otherâs work. But in our teaching lives we rarely discuss teaching beyond our own university, we are not guided by any teaching literature; instead we simply follow our instincts. Academics in computing, or in any other discipline, can approach their teaching as research into how novices become experts. Several recent multi-institutional research collaborations have studied the development of novice programmers. This paper describes some of the results from those collaborations. The separation of our teaching and research lives diminishes not just our teaching but also our research. The modern practice of stripping away all âdistractionsâ to maximize research output is like the practice of stripping away rainforest to grow beef â both practices appear to work, for a little while, but not indefinitely. Twenty-first century academia needs to bring teaching and research together, to form a scholarship of computing that is an integrated, sustainable, ecological whole.

Lister, RF & Box, I 2008, 'A citation analysis of the ACE2005 - 2007 proceedings, with reference to the June 2007 CORE conference and journal rankings', Tenth Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 93-102.
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Abstract: This paper compares the CORE rankings of computing education conferences and journals to the frequency of citation of those journals and conferences in the ACE2005, 2006 and 2007 proceedings. The assumption underlying this study is that citation rates are a measure of esteem, and so there should be a positive relationship between citation rates and rankings. The CORE conference rankings appear to broadly reflect the ACE citations, but there are some inconsistencies between citation rates and the journal rankings. The paper also identifies the most commonly cited books in these ACE proceedings. Finally, in the spirit of âQuis custodiet ipsos custodes?❠the paper discusses some ways in which the CORE rankings process itself might in future be made more transparent and open to scholarly discourse.

Lister, RF & Box, I 2008, 'A citation analysis of the SIGCSE 2007 proceedings', Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Conference, Association of Computing Machinery, Portland, OR, USA, pp. 476-480.
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Abstract: This paper identifies the most commonly cited conferences, journals and books among the 1398 citations made in the 122 publications of the SIGCSE 2007 proceedings. The SIGCSE 2007 authors cited a very large array of conferences, journals and books, but the majority are only cited within a single paper. There are only a very small set of journals and conferences cited frequently. Most books cited are concerned with technical information or are textbooks. Only 2% of books are concerned with computer science education and 23% with education in general. The picture that emerges from this citation analysis is that the SIGCSE community does not have a substantial core set of educational literature. Also, the epistemology of the SIGCSE community is primarily objectivist, with a focus on content, rather than a constructivist, student-centered focus on learning.

Lister, RF & Simon, S 2007, 'Koli Calling 2007', Proceedings of the 7th Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research, Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research, Australian Computer Society, Koli National Park, Finland, pp. 1-231.
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The Seventh Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research, Koli Calling 2007, was held in Finlandâs beautiful Koli National Park on 15-18 November 2007. Contributions to Koli Calling can take one of four forms. Research papers present unpublished original research. System papers describe tools for learning, instruction, or assessment in computing education, motivated by the didactic needs of computing. Discussion papers are shorter papers used to present novel ideas, proposals, prototypes, or work in progress. Posters are very short presentations describing novel approaches or work in progress. All papers and posters were double-blind peer reviewed by members of the international programme committee and additional reviewers. There were 30 âlongâ papers submitted (i.e. research or system papers). The acceptance rate for long papers was 43% (12 research papers and one system paper). The remaining long papers, and those papers submitted specifically as discussion papers, comprised a total of 28 papers, of which 15 (54%) were accepted as short papers. The authors of all these accepted papers are from 12 diï¬erent countries.

Lister, RF, Caspersen, M & Clancy, M 2008, 'Proceeding of the fourth International workshop on Computing education research', Proceeding of the fourth International workshop on Computing education research, International workshop on Computing education research, Association of Computing Machinery, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-184.
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The call for papers attracted 46 submissions. All papers were double-blind peer-reviewed by members of the international program committee. After the reviewing, 16 papers (35%) were accepted for inclusion in the conference, written by authors across 9 countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, New Zealand, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America

Liu, W & Williams, M 2008, 'Strategies for Business in Virtual Worlds: Case Studies in Second Life', Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2008, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong Press, Suzhou, China, pp. 888-900.
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In this paper, we use qualitative and quantitative methodologies to analyse and understand a range of business strategies in Second Life.

Lopez, M, Whalley, J, Robbins, P & Lister, RF 2008, 'Relationships between reading, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming', Fourth International Workshop on Computing Education Research, International Workshop on Computing Education Research, Association of Computing Machinery, Sydney, Australia, pp. 101-112.
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ABSTRACT: This study analyzed student responses to an examination, after the students had completed one semester of instruction in programming. The performance of students on code tracing tasks correlated with their performance on code writing tasks. A correlation was also found between performance on "explain in plain English" tasks and code writing. A stepwise regression, with performance on code writing as the dependent variable, was used to construct a path diagram. The diagram suggests the possibility of a hierarchy of programming related tasks. Knowledge of programming constructs forms the bottom of the hierarchy, with "explain in English", Parson's puzzles, and the tracing of iterative code forming one or more intermediate levels in the hierarchy.

Lu, J, Deng, X, Vroman, P, Zeng, X, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system for nonwoven based cosmetic product development evaluation', 2008 Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Kong Kong, China, pp. 1700-1707.
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Product prototype evaluation is an important phase in new product development (NPD). Such evaluation often requires multiple criteria that are within a hierarchy and a group of evaluators. The evaluation process and these evaluation criteria often involve uncertain and fuzzy data in the weights of these criteria and the judgments of these evaluators. To evaluate nonwoven cosmetic product prototypes, this study first develops a NPD evaluation model, which has evaluation criteria within three levels, based on the features of nonwoven products. It then proposes a fuzzy (multi-level) multi-criteria group decision-making (FMCGDM) method for supporting the evaluation task. A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system (FMCGDSS) is developed to implement the proposed method and applied in nonwoven cosmetic product development evaluation.

Lu, J, Deng, X, Vroman, P, Zeng, X, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Support System for Nonwoven based Cosmetic Product Development Evaluation', 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-5, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1702-+.

Lu, J, Deng, X, Zeng, X, Vroman, P, Wu, F & Zhang, G 2008, 'A fuzzy multi-objective decision support system for nonwoven products experiment design', Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control Proceedings of 8th FLINS Conference, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Madrid, Spain, pp. 787-792.
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Experiment design often involves multiple objectives and uncertain data in its optimizing process. Fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) is an appropriate method to handle this problem. For the case of modeling nonwoven-based resilient product

Lu, J, Zhu, Y, Zeng, X, koehl, L, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'A fuzzy decision support system for garment new product development', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Vol 5360: AI 2008: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer, New Zealand, pp. 532-543.
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Garment new product development (NPD) evaluation requires considering multiple criteria under a hierarchical structure. The evaluation process often involves uncertainty and fuzziness in both the relationships between criteria and the judgments of evaluators. This study first presents a garment NPD evaluation model under a well-being concept. It then proposes a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making (FMCGDM) method to evaluate garment NPD. The advantages of the FMCGDM method include handling criteria in a hierarchical structure, dealing with three kinds of uncertainties simultaneously, and using suitable types of fuzzy numbers to describe linguistic terms. A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system (FMCGDSS) is developed to implement the proposed method. Finally a garment NPD evaluation case study demonstrates the proposed method and software system.

Lu, J, Zhu, Y, Zeng, X, koehl, L, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system for textile material fabric-hand evaluation', Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control Proceedings of 8th FLINS Conference, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1129-1134.
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Fabric-hand evaluation is one of the key features and measures in textile material selection for fashion design. Fabric-hand evaluation requires considering multiple criteria with in a group of evaluators, The evaluation process often involves fuzziness

Lu, Z, Han, R, Zhang, P, Ren, Y & Zhang, G 2008, 'An intelligent evaluation system for tourism websites in Shijiazhuang city', Proceedings on 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, IEEE Press, Xianeb, pp. 1404-1408.
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This study conducts evaluate research on ten selected tourism websites of Shijiazhuang city and establishes a complete tourism website intelligence evaluation index system. This paper presents this system and analyzes its components and functions. It also presents how to apply fuzzy clustering analysis to evaluate the development of these tourism websites. The proposed evaluation system can be used for other cities tourism website evaluation and the evaluation results can be directly used for improving Shijiazhuang city tourism website development.

Ma, J & Goyal, ML 2008, 'A Fuzzy Bidding Strategy in Automated Auctions using Agent's Perspective', International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, IEEE Society, Vienna, Austria, pp. 907-911.
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This paper presents a unique fuzzy attitude based bidding strategy (FA-Bid), which employs overall assessment technique,which is combination of assessment of multiple attributes of goods and assessment of agent's attitudes to procure an item in automated auction.The assessment of attributes adapts fuzzy set technique to handle uncertainty of bidding process as well as heuristic rules to determine attitude of agents in simulated auctions to procure goods.The overall assessment is used to determine a price range based on current bid, which finally selects the best one as the new bid.

Ma, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'Team situation awareness measurement using group aggregation and implication operators', Proceedings on 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, IEEE Press, Xianeb, pp. 625-630.
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Situation Awareness (SA) has been received much attention from human factors and ergonomics community during the past two decades. Team working plays a vital role in complex dynamic situations, increasing requirements for sharing perceptions and comprehe

Madhisetty, S, Busch, P & Feuerlicht, G 2008, 'Utility Computing Framework and its Impact on the Medical Industry', Con-IRM 2008 (IRMA), International Conference on Information Resources Management, IDEA Group Publishing, Ontario, Canada, pp. 1-7.
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Madhisetty, S, Busch, P, Feuerlicht, G & Flax, L 2008, 'Utility Computing and its influence on the IT Industry', 2008 International Conference On Enterprise Systems and Web Technologies, International Conference On Enterprise Systems and Web Technologies, ISRST, Orlando, USA, pp. 134-140.
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Mathieson, L & Szeider, S 2008, 'Parameterized graph editing with chosen vertex degrees', COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, 2nd International Conference on Combinatorial Optimization and Applications, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, St Johns, CANADA, pp. 13-22.

Mathieson, L & Szeider, S 2008, 'The parameterized complexity of regular subgraph problems and generalizations', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series.
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We study variants and generalizations of the problem of finding an r-regular subgraph (where r ≥ 3) in a given graph by deleting at most k vertices. Moser and Thilikos (2006) have shown that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) if parameterized by (k, r). They asked whether the problem remains fixed-parameter tractable if parameterized by k alone. We answer this question negatively: we show that if parameterized by k alone the problem is W[1]-hard and therefore very unlikely fixed-parameter tractable. We also give W[1]-hardness results for variants of the problem where the parameter is the number of vertex and edge deletions allowed, and for a new generalized form of the problem where the obtained subgraph is not necessarily regular but its vertices have certain prescribed degrees. Following this we demonstrate fixed-parameter tractability for the considered problems if the parameter includes the regularity r or an upper bound on the prescribed degrees in the generalized form of the problem. These FPT results are obtained via kernelization, so also provide a practical approach to the problems presented. © 2008, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Maxwell, C, Leaney, J & O'Neil, T 2008, 'Utilising abstract matching to preserve the nature of heuristics in design optimisation', FIFTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, 15th IEEE International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Belfast, NORTH IRELAND, pp. 287-+.
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McGregor, C & Eklund, JM 2008, 'Real-time service-oriented architectures to support remote critical care: Trends and challenges', Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference, pp. 1199-1204.
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Healthcare providers and governments are under pressure to maintain and improve the quality of care to an increasing volume of critical care patients at either end of the life cycle, namely premature and ill-term babies together with the elderly. The provision of a service of critical care utilizing real-time service-oriented architectures has the potential to enable clinicians to be supported in the care of a greater number patients that are, perhaps more importantly, located elsewhere to their intensive care units. This paper presents a review of recent research in the application of computing and IT to support the service of critical care and determines the trends and challenges for the application of real-time service-oriented architectures within the domain. © 2008 IEEE.

McGregor, C & Frize, M 2008, 'Women in Biomedical Engineering and Health Informatics', 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 5933-+.
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McGregor, C, Smith, KP & Percival, J 2008, 'Women in Biomedical Engineering and Health Informatics and its impact on Gender Representation for Accepted Publications at IEEE EMBC 2007', 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-8, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 2881-2884.
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Mueller, M & Gramann, K 2008, 'Reference frames in spatial navigation: Human brain dynamics is influenced by path complexity', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY PRESS, pp. 225-225.

Musial, K, Kazienko, P & Kajdanowicz, T 2008, 'Social recommendations within the multimedia sharing systems', EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS, 1st World Summit on the Knowledge Society (WSKS 2008), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Athens, GREECE, pp. 364-+.

Niu, L & Zhang, G 2008, 'A model of cognition-driven decision process for business intelligence', Proceedings 2008 IEEE / WIC /ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, IEEE/WIC/ACM international Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 876-879.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'Improved business intelligence analytics on manager's experience', WCCI 2008 Proceedings: Proceedings of the World Congress on Evolutionary Computing, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Hong Kong, pp. 726-730.
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Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2008, 'New approaches for understanding the mechanisms of brake squeal', Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, AAS'08, pp. 265-272.
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Brake squeal has become an increasing concern for the automotive industry because of associated warranty costs and the requirement for the continued reduction of interior vehicle noise. Low and high frequency noises in car brakes, often referred to as brake squeal, are known to be a result of nonlinearity, unstable behaviour and bifurcations leading to limit cycle behaviour. By using the data from a separate experimental study designed to determine the influence of the geometric parameters of brake pads (such as the number and location of slots) on brake squeal noise, we examine two new approaches for providing improved understanding of the brake squeal phenomenon: statistical and nonlinear dynamics analyses. Results of the statistical analysis indicate that the performances of certain pad designs correlate with their levels of nonlinearity. The nonlinear time series analysis reveals that, in the experimental data, not only are limit cycle behaviours present but also a route to chaotic solutions can be observed.

Pal, U, Sharma, N, Wakabayashi, T & Kimura, F 2008, 'Handwritten character recognition of popular South Indian scripts', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 251-264.
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India is a multi-lingual, multi-script country. Considerably less work has been done towards handwritten character recognition of Indian languages than for other languages. In this paper we propose a quadratic classifier based scheme for the recognition of off-line handwritten characters of three popular south Indian scripts: Kannada, Telugu, and Tamil. The features used here are mainly obtained from the directional information. For feature computation, the bounding box of a character is segmented into blocks, and the directional features are computed in each block. These blocks are then down-sampled by a Gaussian filter, and the features obtained from the down-sampled blocks are fed to a modified quadratic classifier for recognition. Here, we used two sets of features. We used 64-dimensional features for high speed recognition and 400-dimensional features for high accuracy recognition. A five-fold cross validation technique was used for result computation, and we obtained 90.34%, 90.90%, and 96.73% accuracy rates from Kannada, Telugu, and Tamil characters, respectively, from 400 dimensional features. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Parakhine, A, Leaney, JR & O'Neill, T 2008, 'Design Guidance Using Simulation-Based Bayesian Belief Networks', Design Guidance Using Simulation-Based Bayesian Belief Networks, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Belfast, Northern Ireland, pp. 76-84.
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In this work, the task of complex computer-based system design optimization involves exploration of a number of possible candidate designs matching the optimisation criteria. However, the process by which the possible candidate designs are generated and rated is fundamental to an optimal outcome. It is dependent upon the set of system characteristics deemed relevant by the designer given the systems requirements. We propose a method which is aimed at providing the designer with guidance based upon description of the possible causal relationships between various system characteristics and qualities. This guidance information is obtained by employing principles of multiparadigm simulation to generate a set of data which is then processed by an algorithm to generate a Bayesian Belief Network representation of causalities present in the source system. Furthermore, we address the issues and tools associated with application of the proposed method by presenting a detailed simulation and network generation effort undertaken as part of a significant industrial case study.

Peppas, P, Michael Fotinopoulos, A & Seremetaki, S 2008, 'Conflicts between relevance-sensitive and iterated belief revision', Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pp. 85-88.
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© 2008 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved. The original AGM paradigm focuses only on one-step belief revision and leaves open the problem of revising a belief state with whole sequences of evidence. Darwiche and Pearl later addressed this problem by introducing extra (intuitive) postulates as a supplement to the AGM ones. A second shortcoming of the AGM paradigm, seemingly unrelated to iterated revision, is that it is too liberal in its treatment of the notion of relevance. Once again this problem was addressed with the introduction of an extra (also very intuitive) postulate by Parikh. The main result of this paper is that Parikh postulate for relevance-sensitive belief revision is inconsistent with each of the Darwiche and Pearl postulates for iterated belief revision.

Prior, J, Robertson, T & Leaney, J 2008, 'Situated software development: Work practice and infrastructure are mutually constitutive', Proceedings of the Australian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC, pp. 160-169.
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Software developers' work is much more interesting and multifarious in practice than formal definitions of software development processes imply. Rational models of work are often representations of processes defined as they should be performed, rather than portrayals of what people actually do in practice. These models offer a simplified picture of the phenomena involved, and are frequently confused with how the work is carried out in reality, or they are advocated as the ideal way to accomplish the work. A longitudinal ethnographic study (45 days of fieldwork over 20 months) of a group of professional software developers revealed the importance of including their observed practice, and the "infrastructure" that supports and shapes this practice, in an authentic account of their work. Moreover, this research revealed that software development work practice and the infrastructure used to produce software are inextricably entwined and mutually constitutive over time. © 2008 IEEE.

Prior, JR, Robertson, TJ & Leaney, JR 2008, 'Situated Software Development: Work Practice and Infrastructure are Mutually Constitutive', Proceedings of 19th Australian Software Engineering Conference, Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 160-169.
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Software developers work is much more interesting and multifarious in practice than formal definitions of software development processes imply. Rational models of work are often representations of processes defined as they should be performed, rather than portrayals of what people actually do in practice. These models offer a simplified picture of the phenomena involved, and are frequently confused with how the work is carried out in reality, or they are advocated as the ideal way to accomplish the work. A longitudinal ethnographic study (45 days of fieldwork over 20 months) of a group of professional software developers revealed the importance of including their observed practice, and the infrastructure that supports and shapes this practice, in an authentic account of their work. Moreover, this research revealed that software development work practice and the infrastructure used to produce software are inextricably entwined and mutually constitutive over time.

Qiao, Y & Tartary, C 2008, 'Counting Method for Multi-party Computation over Non-abelian Groups', LNCS - Cryptology and Network Security - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, Cryptology and Network Security, Springer, Hong Kong, pp. 162-177.
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In the Crypto'07 paper [5], Desmedt et al. studied the problem of achieving secure n-party computation over non-Abelian groups. The function to be computed is f G (x 1,...,x n ) :?=?x 1 ·...·x n where each participant P i holds an input x i from the non-commutative group G. The settings of their study are the passive adversary model, information-theoretic security and black-box group operations over G. They presented three results. The first one is that honest majority is needed to ensure security when computing f G . Second, when the number of adversary t=?n2?-1, they reduced building such a secure protocol to a graph coloring problem and they showed that there exists a deterministic secure protocol computing f G using exponential communication complexity. Finally, Desmedt et al. turned to analyze random coloring of a graph to show the existence of a probabilistic protocol with polynomial complexity when t?

Raban, R, Leigh, EE, Litchfield, AJ & Dyson, LE 2008, 'Using Internet-Enabled Mobile Devices to Support Low-Cost Experiential Learning', 11th International Conference on Experiential Learning (ICEL 2008): Identity of Experience: Challenges for Experiential Learning, 11th International Conference on Experiential Learning, ICEL, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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This paper examines model-making, specifically prototyping, as a problem-based, and possibly experiential, learning activity. Prototyping activities are increasingly being introduced by schools of architecture around the world for the teaching of architectural design and construction technology. Such activities mediate between sophisticated digital modeling technologies, new materials and new construction techniques, and are a means of enabling students to oscillate between the abstract and the concrete: between the virtual world of the computer screen and the physical reality of a model built to scale from representative materials. This paper reviews the literature on what is being done and how. It discusses whether current prototyping activities are taking advantage of the large body of knowledge contained within theories of experiential learning and proposes that a series of guidelines should be formulated to inform the implementation of experimental prototyping activities in the architecture studio. The paper concludes with my own prototyping case study conducted at the University of Technology, Sydney in 2007, which was deliberately designed as an experiential learning activity. Perceptions of its successes and challenges are discussed. A hands-on construction activity will be provided to engage participants in this session.

Rahman, AM, Kennedy, PJ, Simmonds, AJ & Edwards, J 2008, 'Fuzzy logic based modelling and analysis of network traffic', 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology 2008. CIT 2008, IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 652-657.
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Accurate computer network traffic models are required for many network tasks such as network traffic analysis and performance optimization. Existing statistical traffic modelling techniques rely on precise mathematical analysis of extensive measured data such as packet arrival time, packet size and server-side or client-side round trip time. With the advent of high speed broadband networks, gathering an acceptable quantity of data needed for the precise representation of traffic is a difficult, time consuming, expensive and in some cases almost an impossible task. In this work we developed a fuzzy logic based traffic models using imprecise data sets that can be obtained realistically. The model include a parameter, the R parameter, which is also useful for analysis of network traffic.

Raza, M, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2008, 'A methodology for quality-based mashup of data sources', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, iiWAS 2008, pp. 528-533.
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The concept of mashup is gaining tremendous popularity and its application can be seen in a large number of domains. Enterprises using and relying upon mashup have improved their mass collaboration and personalization. In order for mashup technology to be widely accepted and widely used, we need a methodology by which can make use of the quality of the input to the mashup process as a governing principle to carry out mashup. This paper reviews the concept of mashup in different domains and proposes a conceptual solution framework for providing quality based mashup process. © 2008 ACM.

Roddick, J, Li, J, Christen, P & Kennedy, PJ 2008, 'Data Mining & Analytics 20068: Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2008)', Data Mining & Analytics 20068: Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2008), Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Adelaide.

Roddick, JF, Li, J, Christen, P & Kennedy, P 2008, 'Preface', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series.

Sajjanhar, A, Lu, G, Zhang, D & Zhou, W 2008, 'Corners-based composite descriptor for shapes', Proceedings - 1st International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, CISP 2008, pp. 714-718.
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In this paper, a composite descriptor for shape retrieval is proposed. The composite descriptor is obtained based upon corner-points and shape region. In an earlier paper, we proposed a composite descriptor based on shape region and shape contour, however, the descriptor was not effective for all perspective and geometric transformations. Hence, we modify the composite descriptor by replacing contour features with corner-points features. The proposed descriptor is obtained from Generic Fourier Descriptors (GFD) of the shape region and the GFD of the corner-points. We study the performance of the proposed composite descriptor. The proposed method is evaluated using Item S8 within the MPEG-7 Still Images Content Set. Experimental results show that the proposed descriptor is effective. ©2008 IEEE.

Sajjanhar, A, Lu, G, Zhang, D, Zhou, W & Chen, YPP 2008, 'Image retrieval based on semantics of intra-region color properties', Proceedings - 2008 IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT 2008, pp. 338-343.
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Traditional image retrieval systems are content based image retrieval systems which rely on low-level features for indexing and retrieval of images. CBIR systems fail to meet user expectations because of the gap between the low level features used by such systems and the high level perception of images by humans. Semantics based methods have been used to describe images according to their high level features. In this paper, we performed experiments to identify the failure of existing semantics-based methods to retrieve images in a particular semantic category. We have proposed a new semantic category to describe the intra-region color feature. The proposed semantic category complements the existing high level descriptions. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2008 IEEE.

Schmidt, A, Gellersen, H, van den Hoven, E, Mazalek, A, Holleis, P & Villar, N 2008, 'Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction (TEIâ08)', TEI'08, TEI'08, ACM, Bonn, Germany.
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We are happy to present the proceedings of the second international conference on tangible and embedded interaction (TEI'08). The feedback we received in response to the first conference and the call of TEI'08 highlighted that there is a great interest in the state-of-the-art on Tangible Interaction, the research community and even beyond these topics. In its second year the tangible an embedded interaction conference is held in Bonn, Germany. The conference is in cooperation with ACM SIGCHI, with its proceedings to be archived in ACM's Digital Library. With technological advances, computing has progressively moved beyond the desktop into new physical and social contexts. As physical artifacts gain new computational behaviors, they become reprogrammable, customizable, repurposable, and interoperable in rich ecologies and diverse contexts. They also become more complex, and require intense design effort in order to be functional, usable, and enjoyable. Designing such systems requires interdisciplinary thinking. Their creation must not only encompass software, electronics, and mechanics, but also the system's physical form and behavior, its social and physical milieu, and beyond. These proceedings include original research work addressing HCI issues, design, use context, tools and technologies, as well as interactive art works in the domain of tangible and embedded interaction. The contributions range from concrete innovative solutions to inspiring novel ideas. The conference brings together this new field, providing a meeting ground for the diverse communities of research and practice involved with tangibles --- from computing, hardware, and sensor technology, to HCI, interaction design, and CSCW, to product- and industrial design and interactive arts. The conference provides with talks, interactive exhibitions, and posters appropriate presentation forms for different types of contributions.

Shang, H, Zhang, Y, Lin, X & Yu, JX 2008, 'Taming Verification Hardness: an efficient algorithm for testing sub graph isomorphism', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, VLDB Endowment, ACM, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 364-375.
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Graphs are widely used to model complicated data semantics in many applications. In this paper, we aim to develop efficient techniques to retrieve graphs, containing a given query graph, from a large set of graphs. Considering the problem of testing subgraph isomorphism is generally NP-hard, most of the existing techniques are based on the framework of filtering-and-verification to reduce the precise computation costs; consequently various novel feature-based indexes have been developed. While the existing techniques work well for small query graphs, the verification phase becomes a bottleneck when the query graph size increases. Motivated by this, in the paper we firstly propose a novel and efficient algorithm for testing subgraph isomorphism, QuickSI. Secondly, we develop a new feature-based index technique to accommodate QuickSI in the filtering phase. Our extensive experiments on real and synthetic data demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed techniques, which significantly improve the existing techniques

Sheard, J, Carbone, A, Lister, RF, Simon, B, Thompson, E & Whalley, J 2008, 'Going SOLO to Assess Novice Programmers', Proceedings of the 13th Annual SIGCSE Conference on innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Conference, Association of Computing Machinery, Madrid, Spain, pp. 209-213.
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ABSTRACT: This paper explores the programming knowledge of novices using Biggs' SOLO taxonomy. It builds on previous work of Lister et al. (2006) and addresses some of the criticisms of that work. The research was conducted by studying the exam scripts for 120 introductory programming students, in which three specific questions were analyzed using the SOLO taxonomy. The study reports the following four findings: when the instruction to students used by Lister et al. - "In plain English, explain what the following segment of Java code does" - is replaced with a less ambiguous instruction, many students still provide multistructural responses; students are relatively consistent in the SOLO level of their answers; student responses on SOLO reading tasks correlate positively with performance on writing tasks; postgraduates students manifest a higher level of thinking than undergraduates.

Simon, S, Carbone, A, de Raadt, M, Lister, RF, Hamilton, M & Sheard, J 2008, 'Classifying computing education papers: process and results', Fourth international Workshop on Computing Education Research, International Workshop on Computing Education Research, Association of Computing Machinery, Sydney, Australia, pp. 161-172.
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ABSTRACT: We have applied Simon's system for classifying computing education publications to all three years of papers from ICER. We describe the process of assessing the inter-rater reliability of the system and fine-tuning it along the way. Our analysis of the ICER papers confirms that ICER is a research-intensive conference. It also indicates that the research is quite narrowly focused, with the majority of the papers set in the context of programming courses. In addition we find that ICER has a high proportion of papers involving more than one institution, and high proportions of papers on the themes of ability/aptitude and theories and models of teaching and learning.

Simon, S, Sheard, J, Carbone, A, de Raadt, M, Hamilton, M, Lister, RF & Thompson, E 2008, 'Eight years of computing education papers at NACCQ', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 101-107.
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Abstract: The 157 computing education papers from the past eight NACCQ conferences are categorised and summarised by a group of researchers from multiple institutions, with steps taken to measure and improve the consistency of classification. The papers are set predominantly in programming subjects, hardware/architecture/systems/ network subjects, and capstone projects. The bulk of the papers are about teaching/learning techniques, assessment techniques, teaching/learning tools, curriculum, and educational technology. Most of the papers are set within single subjects, a few in multiple subjects within a single program or department, and fewer still in a range of subjects across the whole institution or multiple institutions. Nearly a quarter of the papers either expound a position or outline a proposal; a large but diminishing proportion report on something such as a change of curriculum or approach; and a large and increasing proportion are clearly research papers, focusing on the analysis of data to answer an explicit research question.

Smith, G & Johnston, AJ 2008, 'Interactive Software for Guitar Learning', Sound : Space - Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Music Conference, Australasian Computer Music Conference, Australasian Computer Music Association, Sydney, Australia, pp. 69-77.
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In this paper we present software designed to help address problems encountered by beginning guItarists, using interactive software to find effective solutions to enhance the learning process. Software can be utilised to improve a player's ability tdhear mistakes in theIr performance, as well as to create a fun and entertaining learning environment 'to motivate the player to practice. A software prototype ~~s been developed, which served as a basIs for usabllzty testmg, to highlight the usefulness of vari~us methods of feedback and provide a way forward in developing valuable software for guitar tuition.

Thongkam, J, Xu, G & Zhang, Y 2008, 'AdaBoost algorithm with random forests for predicting breast cancer survivability', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Hong Kong, China, pp. 3062-3069.
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Thongkam, J, Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Huang, F 2008, 'Support Vector Machine for Outlier Detection in Breast Cancer Survivability Prediction', Advanced Web and NetworkTechnologies, and Applications Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Asia Pacific Web Conference, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Shenyang, China, pp. 99-109.
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Finding and removing misclassified instances are important steps in data mining and machine learning that affect the performance of the data mining algorithm in general. In this paper, we propose a C-Support Vector Classification Filter (C-SVCF) to identify and remove the misclassified instances (outliers) in breast cancer survivability samples collected from Srinagarind hospital in Thai- land, to improve the accuracy of the prediction models. Only instances that are correctly classified by the filter are passed to the learning algorithm. Perform- ance of the proposed technique is measured with accuracy and area under the re- ceiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), as well as compared with several popular ensemble filter approaches including AdaBoost, Bagging and ensemble of SVM with AdaBoost and Bagging filters. Our empirical results indicate that C-SVCF is an effective method for identifying misclassified outliers. This ap- proach significantly benefits ongoing research of developing accurate and robust prediction models for breast cancer survivability.

Tsai, Y-S, Chung, I-F, Lin, C-T & Pal, NR 2007, 'Identification of different sets of biomarkers for diagnostic classification of cancers', NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, PART II, 14th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2007), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Kitakyushu, JAPAN, pp. 866-+.

Van Den Hoven, E, Mazalek, A, Gellersen, H & Schmidt, A 2008, 'TEI'08 - Second International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction - Conference: Preface', TEI'08 - Second International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction - Conference Proceedings.

van den Hoven, E, Smeenk, W, Bilsen, H, Zimmermann, R, de Waart, S & van Turnhout, K 2008, 'Communicating Commemoration', Proceedings of the Workshop on Social Interaction and Mundane Technologies (SIMTech'08), SIMTech'08, -, Cambridge, UK, pp. 1-4.
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Traditions encircle the grieving process. These can support mourners in difficult times, for example by prescribing how to behave appropriately and by expressing a sense of history. On the other hand, this traditional approach can prevent the innovation of this field, thereby missing out on potential support when in sorrow over a lost one. This is what we tried to explore with the work described in this paper. We supported the grieving process by creating two design solutions for mourners. Both concepts focus on communicating commemoration between mourners: the Tilting Picture concept for people that are colocated, and the Mourning Stones concept for people that are not colocated.

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'An ontology data matching method for web information integration', Proceedings of The tenth International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, ACM, Linz, Austria, pp. 208-213.
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Wang, G, Zhou, W, Guo, M, Ray, I, Yang, LT & Ma, J 2008, 'The 2008 international symposium on trust, security and privacy for pervasive applications (TSP-08)', Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, EUC 2008.
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Wang, J, Che, J, Liang, J & Lu, H 2008, 'A Fuzzy Pattern Recognition System Based on SOM Clustering and RBF Neural Networks for Prediction', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Collection and Data Disposal.

Wang, J, Liang, H, Sun, D & Lu, H 2008, 'An Integrated Early Warning Information System based on the GRA and ANN for Air Pollution and Meteorological Disease', Proceedings of the 3nd China Workshop on Information System for Crisis Response and Management & the Post-Conference Meeting to the International Disaster Reduction Conference, the 3rd International China Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM-CHINA) and the 4th International Symposium on Geo-Information for Disaster Management (Gi4DM), Harbin Engineering University Press, Harbin, China, pp. 553-558.

Wang, J, Wang, H, Sun, D & Lu, H 2008, 'Ontology-Based Assembly Design and Information Sharing for Supply Chain Information,', Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Organizing committee of the 38th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, Beijing, China, pp. 1220-1226.
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Nowadays, supply chain information is increasingly used by many entities around the world. Then, the need of sharing information from different sources is an obvious consequence from such proliferation of systems. Unfortunately, integrating supply chain information is not a trivial issue, because data and knowledge exchange among users of supply chain information systems presents many challenges. We must deal with the heterogeneity problem, which increase complexity of integration approaches. This paper discusses issues related to the use of ontologies in the development of supply chain information systems and proposes the creation of software components from diverse ontologies as a way to share data and supply chain information.

Wang, J, Wang, Y, Sun, D & Lu, H 2008, 'Supply Chain Safety Stock Quantity's Fractal Forecast and Study', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking, and Mobile Computing, International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, the IEEE Conference and Cistom Publishing Department, Dalian, China, pp. 1-4.
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Safety stock, a very important composing of the stock management, which is significant for reducing the cost and increasing interests for an enterprise, is the base of the setting of enterprise's stocks, so it is crucial for stock management to presume a rational and exact SS. In this paper, introducing fractal theory, a new method based on the fractal collage theorem and the iterative process of fractal interpolation functions was proposed to forecast the safety stock. Based on the fractal collage theorem, it uses the iterated function system whose attractor is close to the historical data to establish the fractional function, and set the forecasting model proposed according to the iterative process of fractional function. Then by an example the rationality and reliability of this method is verified, and the result show that it is helpful indeed to set the reasonable safety stock for enterprise.

Wang, J, Wen, J, Sun, D & Lu, H 2008, 'Detecting and Disposing Abnormal Signal Outliers with Masking Effect by Using Data Accumulated Generating Operation', Proceedings of the 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Congress on Image and Signal Processing, the IEEE Computer Society, Hainan, pp. 426-430.
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In this paper, we study a signal processing problem which concentrates on outlier detection and data mining in order to rediscover some useful information. Moreover, the great difficulty of the subject is caused by both the external environment and the internal mechanism. In the external, owing to limit of impersonal condition, such as, realistic disturbance from noise signal can not avoid. In the internal, the masking effect appears in outlying observation so as to produce some unreasonable results by data analysis. Therefore, based not only on the requirement of external quality assurance schemes, but also on internal quality control where screening for outliers should probably be part of the procedure for our main goal. As a consequence, we have applied data accumulated generating operation and sample median test for solving the conundrum.

Wang, J, Zheng, G, Liang, J & Lu, H 2008, 'A Extended Cultural Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Adaptive PSO', ADVANCES IN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING, International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering, ATLANTIS PRESS, Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Econ & Management, Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 591-+.

Wang, J, ZHU, S, SUN, D & Lu, H 2008, 'Combining Principal Component Analysis and Fuzzy Cluster Analysis for Chinas Oil Security', Proceedings of the 2008 2nd International Symposium on Information Technologies and Applications in Education (ISITAE2008), International Symposium on Information Technologies and Applications in Education, American Publishing Association of Technology and Education, Xiamen, China, pp. 287-292.
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It is significant to evaluate the situations of oil security for taking national oil security measures, because very important relationships exist between the oil security and the national security. A novel combined method is presented in this paper, which is based on using principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy cluster analysis (FCA) modeling. It is used for assessing oil security. In this paper, the data of 13 years is taken as sample and 10 indexes are selected to constitute an evaluation system for oil security. PCA is used for reducing the dimensions of indexes, and the new indexes are formed for oil security. Then FCA is used for classifying the 13 samples. At last a dialed analysis is made and some suggestions are put forward to ensure oil security.

Wang, J, Zhu, W, Sun, D & Lu, H 2008, 'Application of SVM Combined with Mackov Chain for Inventory Prediction in Supply Chain', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking, and Mobile Computing, International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, IEEE, Dalian, China, pp. 1-4.
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The aim of this paper is to predict the inventory of the relevant upstream enterprises in supply chain. The support vector machine, a novel artificial intelligence-based method developed from statistical learning theory, is adopted herein to establish a short-term stage forecasting model. However, take the fact into account that demand signal is affected by variant random factors and behaves big uncertainty, the predicted accuracy of SVM is not approving when the data show great randomness. It is obligatory that we present Markov chain to improve the predicted accuracy of SVM. This combined model takes advantage of the high predictable power of SVM model and at the same time take advantage of the prediction power of Markov chain modeling on the discrete states based on the SVM modeling residual sequence. Then we use the statistical data of the output of the gasoline of China from Feb-06 to Dec-07 for a validation of the effectiveness of the above model.

Wang, J, Zhu, W, Sun, D & Lu, H 2008, 'Application of SVM Combined with Mackov Chain for Inventory Prediction in Supply Chain', 2008 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING, VOLS 1-31, 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, IEEE, Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 6531-+.

Wang, J-Z, Che, J-X, Liang, J-Z & Lu, H 2008, 'Research on Real Estate Early Warning System based on Decision Tree and Fuzzy Recognition Theory', FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, VOL 3, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Jinan, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 414-+.
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Wen, J, Wang, J & Lu, H 2008, 'An improved new approach for electric capacity forecasting based on historical data of GDP', 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ICIEA 2008, IEEE Conference in Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 2487-2491.
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Prediction is important for the electricity capacity management. Accurate prediction can help the policymaker make correct decision and promote the decision making quality. For improving an accuracy of prediction, in this paper, we adopt the theory of Grey prediction to develop a new forecasting approach that integrates historical data of the gross domestic products (GDP) into an electric capacity forecasting. We adopted Grey prediction as a forecasting means because of its fast calculation with as few as four data inputs needed. As a result, our study considered that Wu and Chen proposed a modeling method of the improved grey relational analysis and main shows that the general Grey model, GM (1, 1), which is an especial case, is adequate to handle an electrical power system. In this study, the prediction is improved significantly by applying the transformed Grey model and the concept of average system slope. The adaptive value of a in the Grey differential equation is obtained quickly with the average system slope technique. In such a way, the wastage of electric consumption can be avoided. That is, it is another achievement of virtual electric power plant. ©2008 IEEE.

Williams, M 2008, 'Representation = Grounded Information', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Vol 5351: PRCAI 2008: Trends in Artificial Intelligence, Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Hanoi, Vietnam, pp. 473-484.
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The grounding problem remains one of the most fundamental issues in the field of Artificial Intelligence. We argue that representations are grounded information and that an intelligent system should be able to make and manage its own representations.

Williams, M & Trieu, M 2007, 'Grounded representation driven robot motion design', 11th RoboCup International Symposium, RoboCup 2007, Robot Soccer World Cup, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Atlanta, GA, pp. 520-527.
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Grounding robot representations is an important problem in Artificial Intelligence. In this paper we show how a new grounding framework guided the development of an improved locomotion engine [3] for the AIBO. The improvements stemmed from higher quality representations that were grounded better than those in the previous system [1]. Since the AIBO is more grounded under the new locomotion engine it makes better decisions and achieves its design goals more efficiently. Furthermore, a well grounded robot offers significant software engineering benefits since its behaviours can be developed, debugged and tested more effectively. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Wongthongtham, P, Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 2008, 'Multi-site software engineering ontology instantiations management using reputation based decision making', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 199-218.
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In this paper we explore the development of systems for software engineering ontology instantiations management in the methodology for multi-site distributed software development. Ultimately the systems facilitate collaboration of teams in multi-site distributed software development. In multi-site distributed environment, team members in the software engineering projects have naturally an interaction with each other and share lots of project data/agreement amongst themselves. Since they are not always residing at the same place and face-to-face meetings hardly happen, there is a need for methodology and tools that facilitate effective communication for efficient collaboration. Whist multi-site distributed teams collaborate, there are a lot of shared project data updated or created. In a large volume of project data, systematic management is of importance. Software engineering knowledge is represented in the software engineering ontology whose instantiations, which are undergoing evolution, need a good management system. Software engineering ontology instantiations signify project information which is shared and has evolved to reflect project development, changes in the software requirements or in the design process, to incorporate additional functionality to systems or to allow incremental improvement, etc. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2008, 'Using multi-core processors to support network security applications', Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 213-218.
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Multi-core processors represent a major evolution in computing hardware technology. Multi-core provides a network security application with more processing power from the hardware perspective. However, there are still significant software design challenges that must be overcome. In this paper, we present new architecture for multi-core supported network security applications, which aims at providing network security processing without causing performance penalty to normal network operations. We also provide an instance of this architecture - a multi-core supported intrusion detection system based on neural network. While hardware-based parallelisms have shown their advantage on throughput performance, parallelisms based multi-core provides more flexible, high performance, comprehensive, intelligent, and scalable solutions to network security applications. © 2008 IEEE.

Xu, G 2008, 'Advanced Web and NetworkTechnologies, and Applications, APWeb 2008 International Workshops: BIDM, IWHDM, and DeWeb Shenyang, China, April 26-28, 2008. Revised Selected Papers', Advanced Web and NetworkTechnologies, and Applications, APWeb 2008 International Workshops: BIDM, IWHDM, and DeWeb, Springer, Shenyang, China.
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Xu, G 2008, 'Progress in WWW Research and Development, 10th Asia-Pacific Web Conference, APWeb 2008, Shenyang, China, April 26-28, 2008. Proceedings', 10th Asia-Pacific Web Conference, APWeb 2008, Springer, Shenyang, China.
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Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Yi, X 2008, 'Modelling User Behaviour for Web Recommendation Using LDA Model', Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2008. WI-IAT '08., IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 529-532.
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Zadjabbari, B, Wongthongtham, P & Hussain, FK 2008, 'Towards an ontological intellectual capital based model in sustainable business performance', 2008 International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling Control and Automation, CIMCA 2008, pp. 512-515.
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In this paper, we focus on the returns generated by assets that are not reported. These refer mainly to the assets other than those reported on the balance sheet. These sources create value to organisations. Traditional capital e.g. physical and human capitals cannot guarantee future success of a business. We define and include social capital as an internal-based source and market capital as an external-based source for sustainable business performance. These intangible assets may represent a huge source but at the same time they are the hardest to quantify and express numerically and tangibly. There is a lack of a standard metric method to measure this kind of knowledge and assests. Ontology, a particular type of knowledge based technology, can be used to help understand how knowledge within organisations creates value. By making knowledge explicit and transparent, it promotes trust which in turn promotes governance. Generally speaking, an ontology is used to explicitly express how the intellectual capital is valued and thus results are sensible for managers. The ontology enables evidence based formation of knowledge valuation. © 2008 IEEE.

Zhang, G, Yang, X & Lu, J 2008, 'A SVM-based classification approach for early warning systems', Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control Proceedings of 8th FLINS Conference, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Madrid, Spain, pp. 549-554.
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Zhang, G, Zhang, G & Xie, H 2008, 'Hybrid genetic algorithm based on distance density and quasi-simplex technique', Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control Proceedings of 8th FLINS Conference, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Madrid, Spain, pp. 737-742.
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Zhang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2008, 'An Integrated Framework of Early Warning Systems', Computational Intelligence in Decision and Control Proceedings of 8th FLINS Conference, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Madrid, Spain, pp. 683-688.
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An early warning system (EWS) is critical to saving lives and mitigating loss from disasters. Literature addresses specific technical issues of EWSs in different hazard domains, however, only a few discussions on framework and standards. The paper proposes a set of practical designing standards and a comprehensive EWS integration framework. The framework takes considerations of human factors, lead-time and feed-back issues, therefore more suitable for a wide range of applications in practice.

Zhang, W, Lin, X, Pei, J & Zhang, Y 2008, 'Managing uncertain data: Probabilistic approaches', Proceedings - The 9th International Conference on Web-Age Information Management, WAIM 2008, pp. 405-412.
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Uncertain data are inherent in many important applications. Recently, considerable research efforts have been put into the field of managing uncertain data. In this paper, we summarize existing techniques to query and model uncertain data and systems that effectively manage uncertain data, mainly from a probabilistic point of view. © 2008 IEEE.

Zhang, Y & Xu, G 2008, 'Using Web Clustering for Web Communities Mining and Analysis', Proceedings of 2008 IEEE / WIC / ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2008. WI-IAT '08., IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Zhou, W & Casey, J 2008, 'Reducing cache lookup and publish overhead through locality n awareness in p2p web caching', Proceedings - 10th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, HPCC 2008, pp. 296-303.
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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) web caching has been a hot research topic in recent years as it can create scalable and robust designs for decentralized Internet-scale applications. However, many P2P web caching systems suffer expensive overheads such as lookup and publish messages, and lack of locality awareness. In this paper we present the development of a locality aware P2P cache system to overcome these limitations by using routing table locality, aggregation and soft state. The experiments show that our P2P cache system improves the performance of index operations through the reduction of the amount of information processed by nodes, the reduction of the number of index messages sent by nodes, and the improvement of the locality of cache pointers. © 2008 IEEE.

Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Message from NSS 2008 chairs', Proceedings - 2008 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2008.
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Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Using multi-core to support security-related applications', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 316-317.
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This tutorial introduces the challenges of modern security-related applications and the opportunities that multi-core technology brings. We envision that multi-core supported security applications will become the killer applications for next generation personal computers. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Zhou, W, Hobbs, M & Xiang, Y 2008, 'Message from the General and Program Committee Chairs', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - ICPADS.
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Zhu, J, Lu, H, Guo, Y & Lin, Z 2008, 'Development of Electromagnetic Linear Actuators for Micro Robots (Invited)', Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, World Publishing Corporation, Wuhan, China, pp. 3673-3679.
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For micro robotic applications, piezoelectric actuators are widely used, whereas electromagnetic actuators are not favored because of the complex structures and difficult fabrication. On the other hand, electromagnetic actuators have many merits that are suitable for robotic applications, such as relatively large displacement or stroke and no need of high voltage power supply. With the recent fast development of micro precision machining techniques, the fabrication of complex structures is no longer a problem. This paper presents our recent study of developing electromagnetic actuators for micro robotic applications, including a comparison between piezoelectric and electromagnetic actuators, design of two types of electromagnetic actuators, and fabrication and testing of a moving magnet tubular linear actuator.