Publications

Hobbs, M, Goscinski, A & Zhou, W 2005, Preface: Lecture notes in computer science (Including subseries in Lecture notes in Artifical Intellgince and Lecture notes in Bioinfromatics).

Augar, N, Raitman, R, Lanham, E & Zhou, W 2005, 'Building virtual learning communities' in Web-Based Intelligent E-Learning Systems: Technologies and Applications, pp. 72-100.
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This chapter introduces the concept of virtual learning communities and discusses and further enhances the theory and definitions presented in related literature. A model comprising four criteria essential to virtual learning communities is presented and discussed in detail. Theory and case studies relating to the impact of virtual learning communities on distance education and students from diverse cultural groups are also examined. In addition, this chapter investigates the enabling technologies and facilitation that is required to build virtual learning communities. Other case studies are used to illustrate the process of building virtual learning communities. Emerging technologies such as wikis and video lectures are also analysed to determine the effects they have on building and sustaining effective virtual learning communities. © 2006, Idea Group Inc.

Box, I & Lister, RF 2005, 'Variation in students' conceptions of object-oriented information system development' in Vasilecas, O, Caplinskas, A, Wojtkowski, W, Wojtkowski, WG, Zupancic, J & Wrycza, S (eds), Information systems development, Advances in theory, practice and education, Springer, New York, USA, pp. 439-451.
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Lu, H 2005, 'Review of Electrical Power Industry in Great Britain' in Liu, B, Chang, J, Xiao, C & Lu, F (eds), European and Australian Electrical Power Market, China National Electrical Power Publisher, Beijing, China, pp. 3-24.

Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'Personalised multi-stage decision support in reverse logistics management' in Ruan, D, Chen, GQ, Kerre, EE & Wets, G (eds), Intelligent Data Mining - Techniques and Applications, Springer, New York, USA, pp. 293-312.

Shi, W, Zhou, W & Chen, YPP 2005, 'Biological sequence assembly and alignment' in Bioinformatics Technologies, pp. 243-261.
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Computing technologies have played an increasingly important role in biology since the launch of Human Genome Project (Carol and Robert, 1996). Parallel computing, which acts as an effective way to speed up biological computing, has been used in many biological applications. Sequence assembly and sequence alignment are the most computing intensive parts of biological computing. They have benefited immensely from parallel computing, and will benefit more from further research on parallel biological computing. This chapter introduces recent developments in parallel sequence assembly and alignment. Sequence assembly (Myers, 2002), also called fragment assembly, is used to recover fragments and build the original sequences. This is a very important step in DNA sequencing. Due to the large amount of biological data, it will take a very long time to assemble the fragments of a middlesized genome such as rice. A parallel Euler sequence assembly approach is discussed in this chapter. This approach stores all the genomic data in the form of distributed hash table so as to assemble this data as a whole. This eliminates errors incurred by approximately partitioning the fragments into groups and assembling them into groups, as in other approaches. Further, our system can be run on networks of workstations or an supercomputers. It is particularly suitable for those having no access to supercomputers but to other computing resources such as workstations and PCs that are connected by a local network. This is the first effort to parallelize the Euler sequence assembly algorithm to assemble a large-scale genome. Sequence alignment (Liming et al., 2000) is also an important research area in bioinformatics. There are innumerable biological sequences with unknown structure and function. The alignment of these sequences to known sequences will yield insight into the unknown sequences if the two are similar. Sequence alignment can be further divided into multiple sequence alignment (M...

Bremner, MJ, Bacon, D & Nielsen, MA 2005, 'Simulating Hamiltonian dynamics using many-qudit Hamiltonians and local unitary control', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 71, no. 5.
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Chin, CL & Lin, CT 2005, 'Detection and compensation algorithm for backlight images with fuzzy logic and adaptive compensation curve', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATTERN RECOGNITION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1041-1057.
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de Kort, Y, IJsselsteijn, W, Midden, C, Eggen, B & van den Hoven, E 2005, 'Persuasive Gerontechnology', Gerontechnology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 123-127.
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Gerontechnology is a domain that originated a few decades ago and has been developing steadily ever since. Its research focus on a broad set of technologies to serve the ageing society. The present paper aims to connect this domain to a new but promising technology domain that holds great potential for the older population: persuasive technology.

de Raadt, M, Hamilton, M, Lister, RF, Tutty, J, Baker, B, Box, I, Cutts, QI, Fincher, S, Hamer, J, Haden, P, Petre, M, Robins, A, Sutton, K & Tolhurst, D 2005, 'Approaches to learning in computer programming students and their effect on success', Research and Development in Higher Education Series, vol. 28, pp. 407-414.

Edmonds, EA & Candy, L 2005, 'Computer Support For Creativity', International Journal Of Human-computer Studies, vol. 63, no. 4-5, pp. 363-364.
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Edmonds, EA, Weakley, AJ, Candy, L, Fell, M, Knott, R & Pauletto, S 2005, 'The studio as laboratory: Combining creative practice and digital technology research', International Journal Of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 63, no. 4-5, pp. 452-481.
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Creativity research is a large and varied field in which the subject is characterized on many different levels. The arrival of digital media and computational tools has opened up new possibilities for creative practice. The cutting edge in the digital ar

Ferguson, S & Cabrera, D 2005, 'Vertical localization of sound from multiway loudspeakers', AES: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 163-173.
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Practical wide-range loudspeakers are usually implemented with multiple drivers, but the systematic effect of the signal frequency upon the vertical localization of sound is scarcely used for loudspeaker enclosure design. Tendencies in vertical localization for the frequency bands characteristic of woofers and tweeters in loudspeakers are shown. Using vertical arrays of individually controlled loudspeakers, synchronous and asynchronous bands of noise were presented to subjects. The frequency of the source affected the vertical position of the low-and high-frequency auditory image pairs significantly and systematically, in a manner broadly consistent with previous studies concerned with single auditory images. Lower frequency sources are localized below their physical positions whereas high-frequency sources are localized at their true positions. This effect is also shown to occur for musical signals. It is demonstrated that low-frequency sources are not localized well when presented in exact synchrony with high-frequency sources, or when they only include energy below 500 Hz.

Ferguson, SJ & Cabrera, D 2005, 'Vertical Localization of Sound from Multiway Loudspeakers', Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 163-173.

Goscinski, A, Campbell, M, Dew, R, Horan, P, Newlands, D, Rough, J, Silcock, J & Zhou, W 2005, 'An IT bachelor degree using modern technologies to illustrate core concepts and principles and building generic skills', Education and Information Technologies, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 361-379.
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Information Technology (IT) changes very quickly and influences business, industry and the public in an enormous manner. Outsourcing of IT jobs to cheaper overseas labor and globalization of IT companies become a common practice. Graduates of IT university courses must be well prepared to address the needs and expectations of business, industry and every day life. Many factors in an Information Technology curriculum influence graduates' professional preparation and image. The most important of them is to reflect technology change, the current state of knowledge of computing, business and industry demands and students' expectations. The aim of our project was to develop a new Bachelor of IT curriculum that satisfies these requirements. In this report we concentrate our attention on two critical aspects of IT curriculum content, the modern technologies to be used to illustrate basic concepts and principles of computing, and the generic skills that each graduate is expected to acquire to get a job in Australia. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

Goyal, ML 2005, 'An attitude based cooperative negotiation model in a hostile multi-agent world', Multiagent and Grid Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 97-107.

Goyal, ML 2005, 'Attitude based teams in a hostile dynamic world', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 245-308.
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In this paper, we propose a teamwork model based on the concept of a mental attribute called attitude. Our team model presents team as a collective abstract attitude, in which is embedded a novel way of solving problems and conflicts in our domain. We ar

Hazzan, O, Impagliazzo, J, Lister, RF & Schocken, S 2005, 'Using History of Computing to Address Problems and Opportunities in Computer Science Education', SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 126-127.

Hsu, CF, Lin, CT, Huang, TY & Young, KY 2005, 'Development of multipurpose virtual-reality dynamic simulator with a force-reflection joystick', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING, vol. 219, no. I2, pp. 187-195.
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Hsu, SC, Liang, SF & Lin, CT 2005, 'A robust digital image stabilization technique based on inverse triangle method and background detection', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 335-345.
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Huang, CD, Liang, SF, Lin, CT & Wu, RC 2005, 'Machine learning with automatic feature selection for multi-class protein fold classification', JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 711-720.

Liang, SF, Lin, CT, Wu, RC, Chen, YC, Huang, TY & Jung, TP 2005, 'Monitoring driver's alertness based on the driving performance estimation and the EEG power spectrum analysis', 2005 27TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-7, pp. 5738-5741.
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Lin, CJ & Chen, CH 2005, 'Identification and prediction using recurrent compensatory neuro-fuzzy systems', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 150, no. 2, pp. 307-330.
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In this paper, a recurrent compensatory neuro-fuzzy system (RCNFS) for identification and prediction is proposed. The compensatory-based fuzzy method uses the adaptive fuzzy operations of neuro-fuzzy systems to make fuzzy logic systems more adaptive and effective. A recurrent network is embedded in the RCNFS by adding feedback connections in the second layer, where the feedback units act as memory elements. In this paper, the RCNFS model is proved to be a universal approximator. Also, an online learning algorithm is proposed which can automatically construct the RCNFS. There are no rules initially in the RCNFS. They are created and adapted as online learning proceeds through simultaneous structure and parameter learning. Structure learning is based on the degree measure and parameter learning is based on the ordered derivative algorithm. Finally, the RCNFS is used in several simulations. The simulation results of the dynamic system model have shown that (1) the RCNFS model converges quickly; (2) the RCNFS model requires a small number of tuning parameters; (3) the RCNFS model can solve temporal problems and approximate a dynamic system. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lin, CJ & Chen, CH 2005, 'Identification and prediction using recurrent compensatory neuro-fuzzy systems', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 150, no. 2, pp. 307-330.
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Lin, CT, Chang, CL & Chung, JF 2005, 'New horizon for CNN: With fuzzy paradigms for multimedia', IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 20-35.
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The cellular neural network (CNN) is a powerful technique to mimic the local function of biological neural circuits for real-time image and video processing. Recently, it is widely accepted that using a set of CNNs in parallel can achieve higher-level information processing and reasoning functions either from application or biologics points of views. We introduce a novel framework for constructing a multiple-CNN integrated neural system called recurrent fuzzy CNN (RFCNN). This system can automatically learn its proper network structure and parameters simultaneously. In the RFCNN, each learned fuzzy rule corresponds to a CNN. Hence, each CNN takes care of a fuzzily separated problem region, and the functions of all CNNs are integrated through the fuzzy inference mechanism. Some on-line clustering algorithms are introduced for the structure learning, and the ordered-derivative calculus is applied to derive the recurrent learning rules of CNN templates in the parameter-learning phase. RFCNN provides a solution to the current dilemma on the decision of templates and/or fuzzy rules in the existing integrated (fuzzy) CNN systems. The capability of the RFCNN is demonstrated on the real-world vision-based defect inspection and image descreening problems proving that the RFCNN scheme is effective and promising. ©2005 IEEE.

Lin, CT, Cheng, WC & Liang, SF 2005, 'A 3-D surface reconstruction approach based on postnonlinear ICA model', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1638-1650.
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Lin, CT, Cheng, WC & Liang, SF 2005, 'An on-line ICA-mixture-model-based self-constructing fuzzy neural network', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 207-221.
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Lin, CT, Cheng, WC & Liang, SF 2005, 'Neural-network-based adaptive hybrid-reflectance model for 3-D surface reconstruction', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1601-1615.
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Lin, CT, Chung, JF & Pu, HC 2005, 'Pedestrian detection system', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 45-52.
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In this paper, we propose a new pedestrian detection algorithm, and use it to develop a real-time pedestrian detection system. The pedestrian detection algorithm can be functionally partitioned into two parts: moving object segmentation and pedestrian recognition. In moving object segmentation, we segment the moving objects in the scene by modified temporal differencing method. This method combines general temporal differencing method with detection nets. In pedestrian recognition, we obtain multi-type wavelet templates from input images. Interest points are extracted from wavelet templates. Then, feature points are extracted by statistical method from interest point templates. Finally, these feature points are fed into a trained multilayer back-propagation neural network. The output of the neural network implies the result - pedestrian or non-pedestrian. From experiments, accuracy rate of recognition achieves 95%. We implement this algorithm in a real-time pedestrian detection system. The system can detect pedestrians in the scene in real time. The pedestrian detection rate is 92.58%. © 2005 TFSA.

Lin, CT, Lin, KL, Yang, CH, Chung, IF, Huang, CD & Yang, YS 2005, 'Protein metal binding residue prediction based on neural networks', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS, vol. 15, no. 1-2, pp. 71-84.
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Lin, CT, Wu, RC, Jung, TP, Liang, SF & Huang, TY 2005, 'Estimating driving performance based on EEG spectrum analysis', EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING, vol. 2005, no. 19, pp. 3165-3174.
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Lin, CT, Wu, RC, Liang, SF, Chao, WH, Chen, YJ & Jung, TP 2005, 'EEG-based drowsiness estimation for safety driving using independent component analysis', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2726-2738.
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Lin, KL, Lin, CY, Huang, CD, Chang, HM, Yang, CY, Lin, CT, Tang, CY & Hsu, DF 2005, 'Methods of improving protein structure prediction based on HLA neural network and combinatorial fusion analysis', WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 2146-2153.
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The accurate classification of protein structure is critical and essential for protein function determination in Bioinformatics and Proteomics. A reasonably high rate of prediction accuracy for protein structure classification has been achieved recently in coarse-grained protein class assignment according to their primary amino acid sequences, such as classifying proteins into four classes in SCOP. However, it is still quite a challenge for fine-grained protein fold assignment, especially when the number of possible folding patterns as those defined in SCOP is large. In our previous work, hierarchical learning architecture (HLA) neural networks have been used to differentiate proteins according to their classes and folding patterns. A better prediction accuracy rate for 27 folding categories was 65.5% which improves previous results by Ding and Dubchak with 56.5% prediction accuracy rate. The success of the protein structure classification depends heavily on the computational methods used and the features selected. Here combinatorial fusion analysis (CFA) techniques are used to facilitate feature selection and combination for improving prediction accuracy rate of protein structure classification. The resulting classification has an overall prediction accuracy rate of 87.8% for coarse-grained 4 classes and 70.9% for fine-grained 27 folding categories by applying the concept of CFA to our previous work using neural network with the HLA framework. These results are significantly higher than others and our previous work. They further demonstrate that the CFA techniques can greatly enhance the machine learning method (such as NN in the paper) in the protein structure prediction problem.

Lister, RF 2005, 'Grand Challenges', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 14-15.

Lister, RF 2005, 'Mixed methods: positivists are from Mars, constructivists are from Venus', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 18-19.

Lister, RF 2005, 'One Small Step Toward a Culture of Peer Review and Multi-Institutional Sharing of Educational Resources: A Multiple Choice Exam for First Semester Programming Students', Australin computer science communications, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 155-164.
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computer education research; programming; multiple choice; peer review; learning repository; multi-institutional

Lu, H & Song, Y 2005, 'Brief Introduction to the Development of Electric Power Industry in UK', Modern Electric power, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 91-94.

Lu, J, Zhang, G & Wu, F 2005, 'Web-Based Mulit-criteria Group Decision Support System with Linguistic Term Processing Function', The IEEE Intelligent Informatics Bulletin, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 35-43.

Nguyen, Q & Huang, M 2005, 'EnCon: an approach to constructing interactive visualization of large hierarchical data', Information Visualization, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-22.

Pan, W, Huang, M & Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2005, 'A Software Agent Based Searching Approach for Constructivist Learning Over the Internet', INFO COMP Journal of Computer Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 0-8.

Sanders, K, Fincher, S, Bouvier, DJ, Lewandowski, G, Morrison, B, Murphy, L, Petre, M, Richards, B, Tenenberg, J, Thomas, L, Anderson, R, Anderson, R, Fitzgerald, S, Gutschow, A, Haller, S, Lister, RF, McCauley, R, McTaggart, J, Prasad, C, Scott, T, Shinners-Kennedy, D, Westbrook, S & Zander, C 2005, 'A multi-institutional, multinational study of programming concepts using card sort data', Expert Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 121-128.
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This paper presents a case study of the use of a repeated single-criterion card sort with an unusually large, diverse participant group. The study, whose goal was to elicit novice programmers' knowledge of programming concepts, involved over 20 researche

Shi, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'An extended Kth-best approach for linear bilevel programming', Applied Mathematics And Computation, vol. 164, no. 3, pp. 843-855.
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Kth-best approach is one of the three popular and workable approaches for linear bilevel programming. However, it could not well deal with a linear bilevel programming problem when the constraint functions at the Upper-level are of arbitrary linear form.

Shi, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'An extended Kuhn-Tucker approach for linear bilevel programming', Applied Mathematics And Computation, vol. 162, no. 1, pp. 51-63.
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Kuhn-Tucker approach has been applied with remarkable success in linear bilevel programming (BLP). However, it still has some extent unsatisfactory and incomplete. One principle challenges is that it could not well handle a linear BLP problem when the co

Shi, C, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2005, 'On the definition of Linear Bilevel Programming Solution', Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 160, pp. 169-176.
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Linear bilevel programming theory has been studied for many years by a number of researchers from different aspects, yet it still remains to some extent unsatisfactory and incomplete. The main challenge is how to solve a linear bilevel programming problem when the upper-level's constraint functions are of arbitrary linear form. This paper proposes a definition for linear bilevel programming solution. The performance comparisons have demonstrated that the new model can solve a wider class of problems than current capabilities permit

Shi, C, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2005, 'The Kth-best approach for linear bilevel multi-follower programming', Journal Of Global Optimization, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 563-578.
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The majority of research on bilevel programming has centered on the linear version of the problem in which only one leader and one follower are involved. This paper addresses linear bilevel multi-follower programming (BLMFP) problems in which there is no

Song, CH & Chai, TY 2005, 'Comment on "discrete-time optimal fuzzy controller design: Global concept approach"', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 285-286.
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Wu, F, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'Development and implementation on a fuzzy multiple objective decision support system', Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems, Pt 1, Proceedings, vol. 3681, pp. 261-267.
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A fuzzy-goal optimization-based method has been developed for solving fuzzy multiple objective linear programming (FMOLP) problems where fuzzy parameters in both objective functions and constraints and fuzzy goals of objectives can be in any form of memb

Wu, SJ & Lin, CT 2005, 'Comment on "discrete-time optimal fuzzy controller design: Global concept approach" - Reply', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 286-286.
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Xiong, P, Zhu, T & Huang, T 2005, 'Algorithm of mining fuzzy associate rules in anomaly detection', Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 841-845.
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An algorithm of mining fuzzy association rules is presented on the basis of improving the classic association rules mining algorithm-Apriori to solve the problem "sharp boundary". In the algorithm, each quantitative attribute is replaced by a fuzzy set and divided into several attributes, which are calculated as separate attributes of database in mining fuzzy associate rules. The process of applying the approach in anomaly detection is discussed in detail. Using experiments on network traffic analysis, the feasibility of applying the mining fuzzy associate rules in intrusion detection is validated.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2005, 'The Definition of Optimal Solution and Extended Kuhn-Tucker Approach for Fuzzy Linear Bilevel Programming', The IEEE Intelligent Informatics Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-7.

Arabnia, HR, Baetke, F, Cai, FY, Cai, W, Casavant, TL, Chen, L, Demaria, J, Deng, Q, Elbert, S, Frohner, A, Gagliardi, F, He, T, Hinke, TH, Ho, RSC, Hunsaker, J, Jo, GS, Kacsuk, P, Knosp, B, Kunszt, P, Lau, F, Leiwo, J, Li, M, Liu, X, Lu, J, Ni, J, Pan, Y, Quarta, G, Sato, M, Schiffmann, W, Sun, Y, Tong, W, Wang, S, Wu, E, Yang, LT, Zhao, W, Zheng, Y, Zhou, M & Zhou, W 2005, 'Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Grid Computing and Applications, GCA'05: Foreword', Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Grid Computing and Applications, GCA'05.

Balsys, RJ & Suffern, KG 2005, 'Adaptive polygonisation of non-manifold implicit surfaces', Computer Graphics, Imaging And Vision: New Trends, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 257-263.
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We discuss the polygonisation and rendering of non-manifold implicit surfaces using adaptive octree subdivision and interval arithmetic for surface exclusion in octree nodes. We present a new algorithm that polygonises some surfaces that self intersect, or have other non-manifold features such as separate sections that meet at points. Gradient information is used to resolve ambiguous polygonisations in plotting nodes. A line-stitching algorithm is discussed that allows for multiple polygons to be in a plotting node. We illustrate the algorithm with a number of surfaces that demonstrate its capabilities and limitations.

Cabrera, D, Ferguson, S & Laing, G 2005, 'Development of auditory alerts for air traffic control consoles', Audio Engineering Society - 119th Convention Fall Preprints 2005, pp. 1-21.
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This paper documents a project that developed a hierarchical auditory alert scheme for air traffic control consoles, replacing a basic system of auditory alerts. Alerts are designed to convey the level of urgency, not provoke annoyance, be easily distinguished, minimize speech interference, and be easily localized. User evaluations indicate that the new alert scheme is highly advantageous, especially when combined with improved visual coding of alerts. The alert scheme was implemented in Australian air traffic control centers in July 2005.

Cao, X, Huang, M, Chen, Y & Chen, G 2005, 'Hybrid authentication and key management scheme for WSANs', Lecture Notes In Computer Science, IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, Springer, Nanjing, China, pp. 454-465.
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Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) consist of three types of nodes with different capabilities and functions, Because of these heterogeneities, current network security mechanisms would be hard to satisfy the security/cost requirements of all typ

Casey, J & Zhou, W 2005, 'Reducing the bandwidth requirements of P2P keyword indexing', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 50-59.
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This paper describes the design and evaluation of a federated, peer-to-peer indexing system, which can be used to integrate the resources of local systems into a globally addressable index using a distributed hash table. The salient feature of the indexing systems design is the efficient dissemination of term-document indices using a combination of duplicate elimination, leaf set forwarding and conventional techniques such as aggressive index pruning, index compression, and batching. Together these indexing strategies help to reduce the number of RFC operations required to locate the nodes responsible for a section of the index, as well as the bandwidth utilization and the latency of the indexing service. Using empirical observation we evaluate the performance benefits of these cumulative optimizations and show that these design trade-offs can significantly improve indexing performance when using a distributed hash table. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Chang, E, Dillon, TS & Hussain, FK 2005, 'Trust and Reputation Relationships in Service-Oriented Environments', Proceedings of Third International Conference On Information Technology And Applications, Vol 1, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Sydney, Australia, pp. 4-14.
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Trust and trustworthiness plays a major role in conducting business on the Internet in service-oriented environments. In defining trust for service-oriented environments, one needs to capture the notation of service level, service agreement, context and timeslots. The same applies for reputation which is the opinion of the third party agents which is used in determining the trust and trustworthiness. Because of the complexity of the issues, and the fact that the trust and reputation are essentially concerns with the relationships, it is important to clearly define the notion of the trust relationships and notion of the reputation relationships. In this paper, therefore, we clear these definitions and we introduce a graphical notation for representing these relationships.

Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2005, 'CCCI Metrics for the Measurement of Quality of e-Service', Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE CS Press, Campiegne, France, pp. 603-610.
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The growing development in web-based trust and reputation systems in the 21st century will have powerful social and economic impact on all business entities, and will make transparent quality assessment and customer assurance realities in the distributed web-based service oriented environments. The growth in web-based trust and reputation systems will be the foundation for web intelligence in the future. Trust and Reputation systems help capture business intelligence through establishing customer relationships, learning consumer behaviour, capturing market reaction on products and services, disseminating customer feedback, buyers’ opinions and end-user recommendations, and revealing dishonest services, unfair trading, biased assessment, discriminatory actions, fraudulent behaviours, and un-true advertising. The continuing development of these technologies will help in the improvement of professional business behaviour, sales, reputation of sellers, providers, products and services. In this paper, we present a new methodology known as CCCI (Correlation, Commitment, Clarity, and Influence) for trustworthiness measure that is used in the Trust and Reputation System. The methodology is based on determining the correlation between the originally committed services and the services actually delivered by a Trusted Agent in a business interaction over the service oriented networks to determine the trustworthiness of the Trusted Agent.

Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Fuzzy nature of trust and dynamic trust modeling in service oriented environments', Proceedings of the ACM workshop on secure web services, ACM Workshop on Secure Web Services, ACM Press, Fairfax, USA, pp. 1-10.
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In this paper, we propose and describe the six characteristics of trust. Based on the six proposed characteristics, we determine why trust is fuzzy. The term 'fuzzy' in this paper not in the sense of the precise definitions given in the Fuzzy Systems literature but to indicate a certain vagueness, complexity or ill-definition and qualitative characterization rather than quantitative representation and dynamic.We then determine why due to the six characteristics of trust, trust is dynamic. We then propose a modeling language tool to model the fuzzy and dynamic nature of trust.

Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Reputation ontology for reputation systems', OTM 2005 Workshops Proceedings, The International Conference on Semantic Web and Web Services, Springer, New York, USA, pp. 957-966.
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The growing development of web-based reputation systems in the 21st century will have a powerful social and economic impact on both business entities and individual customers, because it makes transparent quality assessment on products and services to achieve customer assurance in the distributed web-based Reputation Systems. The web-based reputation systems will be the foundation for web intelligence in the future. Trust and Reputation help capture business intelligence through establishing customer trust relationships, learning consumer behavior, capturing market reaction on products and services, disseminating customer feedback, buyers opinions and end-user recommendations. It also reveals dishonest services, unfair trading, biased assessment, discriminatory actions, fraudulent behaviors, and un-true advertising. The continuing development of these technologies will help in the improvement of professional business behavior, sales, reputation of sellers, providers, products and services. Given the importance of reputation in this paper, we propose ontology for reputation. In the business world we can consider the reputation of a product or the reputation of a service or the reputation of an agent. In this paper we propose ontology for these entities that can help us unravel the components and conceptualize the components of reputation of each of the entities.

Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Towards Defining An Ontology For Reputation', International Conference On Systems, Man And Cybernetics, Vol 1-4, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Waikoloa, HI, pp. 2601-2607.
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The growing development of web based trust and reputation systems in the 21(st) century will have powerful social and economic impact on all business entities, and will make transparent the quality assessment and customer assurance realities in the distr

Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Trustworthiness Measure for e-Service', Proceedings of Third Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST 2005), Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, University of New Brunswick, St Andrews, Canada, pp. 1-14.
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Traditionally, transactions were carried out face-toface, now, they are carried out over the Internet. The infrastructure for the above business and information exchange could be client-server, peer-to-peer or mobile network environments, and very often users on the network carry out interactions in one of three forms: • Anonymous (No names are identified in the communication) • Pseudo-anonymous (Nicknames are used in the communication) • Non-anonymous (Real names are used in the communication) Incapability or a fraudulent practice could occur when the seller or business provider or buyer (the agents on the network) does not behave in the manner that is mutually agreed or understood, especially if published terms and conditions exist. This paper evaluates currently existing trustworthiness systems and points out that currently there is no existing standardized measurement system for Quality of Service and outlines the methodology that we have developed for this.

Chang, E, Thomson, P, Dillon, TS & Hussain, FK 2005, 'The fuzzy and dynamic nature of trust', Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Trust, Privacy, And Security In Digital Business, International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 161-174.
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Trust is one of the most fuzzy, dynamic and complex concepts in both social and business relationships. The difficulty in measuring Trust and predicting Trustworthiness in service-oriented network environments leads to many questions. These include issue

Chen, C, Zhou, W & Dai, W 2005, 'A reactive framework for supporting knowledge management', Proceedings of the IASTED International Multi-Conference on Applied Informatics, pp. 405-410.
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Knowledge management has by now exerted a large influence over industrial practice. The paper investigates the issues in relation to knowledge management framework design as well as a multi-agent approach to classifying, coordinating and processing the collaborative tasks across the knowledge network. We propose a reactive architecture for supporting knowledge management based on the reactive system model in the paper, followed by implementation specifications. Such system architecture is flexible, effective and can dynamically adapt to outside changes.

Chen, CH & Lin, CT 2005, 'Identification of chaotic system using recurrent compensatory neuro-fuzzy systems', Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, pp. 15-18.
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In this paper, a Recurrent Compensatory Neuro-Fuzzy System (RCNFS) is proposed for identification and prediction. The compensatory-based fuzzy reasoning method is using adaptive fuzzy operations of neuro-fuzzy systems that can make the fuzzy logic systems more adaptive and effective. The recurrent network is embedded in the RCNFS by adding feedback connections in the second layer, where the feedback units act as memory elements. Also, an on-line learning algorithm is proposed to automatically construct the RCNFS. They are created and adapted as on-line learning proceeds via simultaneous structure and parameter learning. Finally, the RCNFS is applied in several simulations. The simulation results of the dynamic system modeling have shown that 1) the RCNFS model converges quickly; 2) the RCNFS model requires a small number of tuning parameters; 3) the RCNFS model can solve the temporal problems and approximate a dynamic system.

Cheng, WC & Lin, CT 2005, 'A novel post-nonlinear ICA-based reflectance model for 3D surface reconstruction', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Kobe, JAPAN, pp. 3023-3026.

Cheng, YC, Chung, JF, Lin, CT & Hsu, SC 2005, 'Local motion estimation based on cellular neural network technology for image stabilization processing', Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, pp. 286-289.
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This paper presents a novel robust image stabilization (IS) technique to find out local motion vectors in the image sequences captured. Our technique is based on a Cellular Neural Network (CNN) algorithm, which tracks a small set of features to estimate the motion of the camera. Real-time and parallel analog computing elements are contained in the architecture of CNN. It is a regular two-dimensional array and connects with its neighborhood locally. To implement this algorithm on VLSI CNN, the adaptive-minimized threshold method is proposed to find quickly extract reliable motion vectors in plain images which are lack of features or contain large low-contrast area. Each size of CNN is set to 1/120 of an image. A background evaluation model is also developed to deal with irregular images which contain large moving objects. The experimental results are on-line available to demonstrate the remarkable performance of the proposed CNN-based motion technique.

Chung, JF, Liu, DJ & Lin, CT 2005, 'Multiband room effect simulator for 5.1-channel sound system', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Kobe, JAPAN, pp. 2859-2862.

Cornelis, C, Guo, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'A Fuzzy Relational Approach to Event Recommendation', Proceedings on The 2nd Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IICAI, Pune, INDIA, pp. 2231-2243.

Dai, W, Chen, C & Zhou, W 2005, 'A sensor enabled multi-agent infrastructure for applications integration', Advances in Soft Computing, pp. 1319-1328.
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The main objective of the proposed multi-agent infrastructure is to help practitioners and users alike navigate and coordinate solutions offered from different applications to solve complex problems. In order to obtain effective solutions support the above objective, we investigate the coupling of sensor techniques with traditional agent interfaces within the modern e-business environment. In such an environment, different types of applications already exist. We describe in this paper how the proposed infrastructure offers an alternative solution for applications integration.

Dunsire, K, O'Neill, T, Denford, M & Leaney, JR 2005, 'The ABACUS Architectural Approach to Computer-Based System and Enterprise Evolution', Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Maryland, USA, pp. 62-69.
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The enterprise computer-based systems employed by the organisations of today can be extremely complex. Not only do they consist of countless hardware and software products from many varied sources, but they often span continents, piggybacking on public networks. These systems are essential for undertaking business and general operations in the modern environment, and yet the ability of organisations to control their evolution is questionable. The emerging practice of enterprise architecture seeks to control that complexity through the use of a holistic and top-down perspective. However, the toolsets already in me, are very much bottom-up by nature. To overcome the limitations of current enterprise architecture practices, the authors propose the use of the ABACUS methodology and toolset. The authors conclude that by using ABACUS to analyse software and enterprise systems, architects can guide the design and evolution of architectures based on quantifiable non-functional requirements. Furthermore, hierarchical 3D visualisation provides a meaningful and intuitive means for conceiving and communicating complex architectures.

Dyson, LE & Underwood, J 2005, 'Indigenous People on the Web', Building Society Through E-Commerce, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile, pp. 1-11.

Edmonds, EA & Candy, L 2005, 'Computation, interaction and imagination: Into virtual space and back to reality', New trends in software methodologies, tools and techniques: Proceedings of the fourth SoMeT-W05, International Conference on Software Methods and Tools, IOS Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 353-363.
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The main aim of the research from which this paper arises is to identify requirements of computer support for creative work by investigating the work of artists and exploring the potential of new creative technology in this field. The paper reports upon an experimental artists-in-residence on the campus of Loughborough University during which events were recorded and analysed. The nature of the interchanges between artist and technologist as well as the artists' perspectives upon the use of the technologies and what they gained from it are described. One significant conclusion is that the influence of using computers on the artists’ thinking is quite as significant as any direct outcome in terms of product. The paper poses three questions and tries to find an answer to each by exploring the modelling of the results of the study in the context of what we know so far about computational approaches to understanding creativity. The results demonstrate that one aspect of VR may be understood in relation to previous studies of emergence.

Ferguson, S, Moere, AV & Cabrera, D 2005, 'Seeing sound: Real-time sound visualisation in visual feedback loops used for training musicians', Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Visualisation, pp. 97-102.
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Musicians in training need to understand the sound they are producing in order to improve its deficient aspects. Verbal feedback from musical masters is the usual method used for attaining this understanding. However, using real-time sound visualisation as a complementary form of feedback, allows the large amounts of data typical of real-time acoustic analysis to be employed within training. This improves the efficiency of the feedback loop normally present within musical training and pedagogy. The implementation and effect of such a system is discussed. © 2005 IEEE.

Fincher, S, Lister, RF, Clear, T, Robins, A, Tenenberg, J & Petre, M 2005, 'Multi-institutional, multi-national studies in CSEd research: some design considerations and trade-offs', Proceedings of the 2005 international workshops on computing education research, International workshops on computing education research, Association of computing machinery press, Seattle, USA, pp. 111-121.

Goyal, M 2004, 'An attitude based cooperative negotiation model', HIS'04: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYBRID INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, 4th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 04), IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Kitakyushu, JAPAN, pp. 476-477.

Goyal, ML 2005, 'Managing e-Market Auction Through Negotiable Attitudes', Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on E-Business, enterprise information systems, e-government and outsourcing EEE'05, International Conference on E-Learning, E-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, E-Government and Outsourcing, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 161-166.

Guo, X, Zhang, G, Chew, EK & Burdon, SW 2005, 'A Hybrid Recommendation Approach for One and Only Items', AI 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 18th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Proceedings, Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Sydney, Australia, pp. 457-466.
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Many mechanisms have been developed to deliver only relevant information to the web users and prevent information overload. The most popular recent developments in the e-commerce domain are the user-preference based personalization and recommendation techniques. However, the existing techniques have a major drawback poor accuracy of recommendation on one-and-only items because most of them do not understand the items semantic features and attributes. Thus, in this study, we propose a novel Semantic Product Relevance model and its attendant personalized recommendation approach to assist Export business selecting the right international trade exhibitions for market promotion. A recommender system, called Smart Trade Exhibition Finder (STEF), is developed to tailor the relevant trade exhibition information to each particular business user. STEF reduces significantly the time, cost and risk faced by exporters in selecting, entering and developing international markets. In particular, the proposed model can be used to overcome the drawback of existing recommendation techniques

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lu, H 2005, 'Design of SMC Motors Using Hybrid Optimization Techniques and 3D FEA with Increasing Accuracy', The Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publisher/Beijing World Publishing Cooperation, Nanjing, China, pp. 2296-2301.
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This paper presents the design and analysis of a three-phase three-stack permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator core. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) of magnetic field is performed to accurately calculate key motor parameters and performance. Combined optimization techniques and 3D FEA with increasing accuracy are applied to effectively reduce the computational time. The designed motor has been fabricated and tested. The theoretical calculations are validated by the experimental results on the prototype.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Lu, H 2005, 'Design and analysis of a permanent magnet claw pole/transverse flux motor with SMC core', Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, pp. 1413-1418.
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This paper presents the design and analysis of a claw pole/transverse flux motor (CPTFM) with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core and permanent magnet flux-concentrating rotor. Three-dimensional magnetic field finite element analysis is conducted to accurately calculate key motor parameters such as winding flux, back electromotive force, winding inductance, and core loss. Equivalent electric circuit is derived under optimum brushless DC control condition for motor performance prediction, and computer search techniques are applied for design optimization. All these computations and analyses have been implemented in a commercial software ANSYS for development of the SMC CPTFM prototype.

Hardy, V, Fung, H, Xian, G, Wu, J, Zhang, X & Dyson, LE 2005, 'Paper usage Management and Information Technology: An Environmental Case Study at an Australian University', Proceedings of the 5th International Business Information Management Association Conference, International Business Information Management, IBIMA, Cario, Egypt, pp. 699-705.

Hecker, M, Karol, A, Stanton, C & Williams, MA 2005, 'Smart sensor networks: Communication, collaboration and business decision making in distributed complex environments', ICMB 2005: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE BUSINESS, International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 242-248.
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Hecker, M, Karol, A, Stanton, CJ & Williams, M 2005, 'Smart sensor networks: communication, collaboration and business decision making in distributed complex environments', Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Business (ICMB-05), International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Smart Sensor Networks are one of the most exciting research areas in information technology today; their potential for business applications is vast, but yet to be realised. In this paper we argue that intelligent sensor networks can only reach their potential for business applications if the network is grounded so as to support meaningful information sharing and knowledge generation as the basis for an effective business decision model. Our work is based on the idea that sensors extract information from their environment which, typically, must be fused with other sensor data and network knowledge so that effective business decision making is supported.

Hendriks, M & Dyson, LE 2005, 'Motes; The New Privacy Invaders', 2005 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, International Conference on Information Resources Management, Idea Group Publishing, San Diego, USA, pp. 772-775.

Hinchey, M, Rozenblit, J, Leaney, J & O'Neill, T 2005, 'Proceedings - 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer-Based System, ECS: Foreword', Proceedings - 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, ECS 2005.

Huang, M & Quan, W 2005, 'Exploring spatially referenced information through 2D marching graph', Proceedings Of The Fifth Iasted International Conference On Visualization, Imaging, And Image Processing, IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging, and Image Processing, ACTA Press, Benidorm, Spain, pp. 703-708.
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In this paper, we proposed a new visualization framework called Marching Graph that integrates the graph metaphor and the spatial metaphor into a single visualization. Marching Graph allows users to navigate the spatially referenced relational data acros

Huang, M, Nguyen, Q & Hintz, TB 2005, 'Attributed graph visualization of collaborative workspaces', Computer Graphics, Imaging And Vision: New Trends, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 155-161.
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Collaborative workspaces are becoming increasingly commonplace, particularly in large, distributed organizations where virtual teams formed in order to jointly carry out collaborative project work. Typical collaborative workspaces often have a large numb

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Formalizing a grammar for reputation in peer-to-peer communication', MoMM 2005 Proceedings, International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia, Australian Computer Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 81-96.

Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Markov Model For Modelling And Managing Dynamic Trust', 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference On Industrial Informatics (INDIN), IEEE International Conference On Industrial Informatics, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 725-733.
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In this paper we propose a trust model for decision making that models both the context specific and the dynamic nature of trust. We propose to make use of the Markov Model for modelling the context specific and the dynamic nature of trust. Using the Mar

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK, Dillon, TS & Soh, B 2005, 'A Methodology for Determining Riskiness in Peer-to-Peer Communications', Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference of Industrial Informatics (INDIN 05), INDIN, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 421-432.
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Every activity has some Risk involved in it. Analyzing the Risk involved in a transaction is important to decide whether to proceed with the transaction or not. Similarly in Peer-to-Peer communication analyzing the Risk involved in undertaking a transaction with another peer too is important. It would be much easier for the trusting peer to make a decision of proceeding a transaction with the trusted peer if he knows the Risk that the trusted peer is worthy of. In this paper develop and propose such a methodology which allows the trusting peer to rate the trusted peer in terns of Risk that he deserves after the transaction is over.

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, FK, Dillon, TS & Soh, B 2005, 'Context based riskiness assessment', Tencon 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10, IEEE Tencon (IEEE Region 10 Conference), IEEE, Melbourne, Aust, pp. 1-6.
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In almost every interaction the trusting peer might fear about the likelihood of the loss in the resources involved during the transaction. This likelihood of the loss in the resources is termed as Risk in the transaction. Hence analyzing the Risk involved in a transaction is important to decide whether to proceed with the transaction or not. If a trusting peer is unfamiliar with a trusted peer and has not interacted with it before in a specific context, then it will ask for recommendations from other peer in order to determine the trusted peer?s Riskiness value or reputation. In this paper we discuss the process of asking recommendations from other peers in a specific context and assimilating those recommendations according to its criteria of the interaction in order to determine the correct Riskiness value of the trusted peer.

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Soh, B & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Risk in Trusted Decentralised Communications', Proceedings of the International Workshop on Privacy Data Management - PDM 2005, International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 63-67.
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Risk is associated with almost every activity that is undertaken on a daily life. Risk associated with Trust, Security and Privacy. Risk is associated with transactions, businesses, information systems, environments, networks, partnerships, etc. Generally speaking, risk signifies the likelihood of financial losses, human casualties, business destruction and environmental damages. Risk indicator gives early warning to the party involved and helps avoid deserters. Until now, risk has been discussed extensively in the areas of investment, finance, health, environment, daily life activities and engineering. However, there is no systematic study of risk in Decentralised communication, which involves e-business, computer networks and service oriented environment. In this paper, we define risk associated with trusted communication in e-business and e-transactions; provide risk indicator calculations and basic application areas.

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Soh, B, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2005, 'Factors of Risk Variance in Decentralized Communications', EICAR 2005 Conference Best Paper Proceedings, European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research EICAR Conference, Computer Associates, Saint Julians, Malta, pp. 129-137.
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Decentralized transactions are increasingly becoming popular. These transactions resemble the early forms of the internet and in many ways are regarded as the next generation of the internet. The result will be that this e-commerce transactions approach will shift to peer-to-peer communications rather than client-server environment. However, these peer-to-peer communications or decentralized transactions suffer from some disadvantages, which includes the risk associated with each transaction. This paper focuses on the factors that influence Risk in a decentralized transaction.

Hussain, OK, Chang, E, Hussain, FK, Dillon, TS & Soh, B 2005, 'A methodology for determining riskiness in peer-to-peer communications', 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN, pp. 655-666.
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Every activity has some Risk involved in it. Analyzing the Risk involved in a transaction is important to decide whether to proceed with the transaction or not. Similarly in Peer-to-Peer communication analyzing the Risk involved in undertaking a transaction with another peer too is important. It would be much easier for the trusting peer to make a decision of proceeding a transaction with the trusted peer if he knows the Risk that the trusted peer is worthy of. In this paper develop and propose such a methodology which allows the trusting peer to rate the trusted peer in terms of Risk that he deserves after the transaction is over. © 2005 IEEE.

Johnston, AJ, Amitani, S & Edmonds, EA 2005, 'Amplifying Reflective Thinking in musical Performance', Creativity and Cognition Proceedings 2005, ACM Creativity and Cognition, ACM Press, London, UK, pp. 166-175.

Johnston, AJ, Marks, B & Edmonds, EA 2005, 'An artistic approach to designing visualisations to aid instrumental music learning', Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA 2005) Proceedings, Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age, IADIS Press, Porto, Portugal, pp. 175-182.

Johnston, AJ, Marks, B & Edmonds, EA 2005, ''Spheres of Influence' : An Interactive Musical Work', Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment, Interactive Entertainment, Creativity Cognition Studios Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 97-103.
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In this paper we describe the development of an interactive artwork which incorporates both a musical composition and software which provides a visual and aural accompaniment. The system uses physical modeling to implement a type of virtual 'sonic sculpture' which responds to musical input in a way which appears naturalistic. This work forms part of a larger project to use art to explore the potential of computers to develop interactive tools which support the development of creative musical skills.

Karol, A & Williams, M 2005, 'Understanding Human Strategies for Change - An Empirical Study', Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge - Proceedings of the Tenth Conference, Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, ACM digital library, Singapore, pp. 137-149.

Kenning, G 2005, 'Evolving physical pattern forms: A collaborative art science approach', Generative Arts Practice, Engage: Interaction, Art and Experience, Creativity and Cognition studios Press, Univeristy of Technology, Sydney.

Ko, LW, Kuo, BC & Lin, CT 2005, 'An optimal nonparametric weighted system for hyperspectral data classification', KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS, 9th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, La Trobe Univ, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 866-872.

Lan, M & Zhou, W 2005, 'Spam filtering based on preference ranking', Proceedings - Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT 2005, pp. 223-227.
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When the average number of spam messages received is continually increasing exponentially, both the Internet Service Provider and the end user suffer[1-3]. The lack of an efficient solution may threaten the usability of the email as a communication means. In this paper we present a filtering mechanism applying the idea of preference ranking, This filtering mechanism will distinguish spam emails from other email on the Internet, The preference ranking gives the similarity values for nominated emails and spam emails specified by users, so that the ISP/end users can deal with spam emails at filtering points. We designed three filtering points to classify nominated emails into spam email, unsure email and legitimate email. This filtering mechanism can be applied on both middleware and at the client-side. The experiments show that high precision, recall and TCR (total cost ratio) of spam emails can be predicted for the preference based filtering mechanisms. © 2005 IEEE.

Lee, S, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 2005, 'Open API of QoS control in Next Generation Networks', Toward Managed Ubiquitous Information Society, Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium, IEICE TM, KICS KNOM, IEEE CNOM, IEEE APB, IEEE COMSOC Japan Chapter and TMF, Okinawa, Japan, pp. 295-306.

Lee, S, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 2005, 'Open service access for QoS control in next generation networks - Improving the OSA/Parlay Connectivity Manager', Lecture Notes In computer Science: Operations And Management In Ip-Based Networks, Proceedings, IPOM, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 29-38.
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The need for providing applications with practical, manageable access to feature-rich capabilities of telecommunications networks has resulted in standardization of the OSA/Parlay APIs and more recently the Parlay X Web Services. Connectivity Manager is

Lee, S, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 2005, 'Performance benchmark of a parallel and distributed network simulator', Proceedings of Workshop On Principles Of Advanced And Distributed Simulation, ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, ACM/IEEE/SCS, Monterey, USA, pp. 101-108.
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Simulation of large-scale networks requires enormous amounts of memory and processing time. One way of speeding up these simulations is to distribute the model over a number of connected workstations. However, this introduces inefficiencies caused by the

Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 2005, 'Personalised service and network adaptation for smart devices', APCC 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on communications, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 867-871.

Leong, T, Vetere, F & Howard, S 2005, 'The Serendipity Shuffle', Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction, ACM Press, Canberra, pp. 1-4.

Liang, SF, Lin, CT, Wu, RC, Huang, TY & Chao, WH 2005, 'Classification of driver's cognitive responses from EEG analysis', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Kobe, JAPAN, pp. 156-159.

Lin, CT & Chen, SA 2005, 'Biological visual processing for hybrid-order texture boundary detection with CNN-UM', Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, pp. 146-149.
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This paper investigates a novel biological visual processing for hybrid-order texture boundary detection. The texture boundary detection is based on the first- and second-order features to model the pre-attentive stage of a human visual system. This system is implemented by a cellular neural network universal machine (CNN-UM) with 3×3 templates to approximate desired filter transfer functions. The system design can process a 64×64 gray-scale image. The proposed algorithm can successfully be performed by CNN-UM and detect the texture boundary in a given image.

Lin, CT & Huang, CH 2005, 'A complex texture classification algorithm based on Gabor-type filtering cellular neural networks and self-organized fuzzy inference neural networks', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Kobe, JAPAN, pp. 3942-3945.

Lin, CT & Huang, CH 2005, 'Cellular neural networks for Hexagonal Image Processing', Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, pp. 81-84.
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In this paper, Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) for Hexagonal Image Processing (HIP) frameworks has been proposed. In this paper, we combine two distinguished researches; one is CNNs, which provide efficient computing abilities. The other is HIP, which contains most compact structure. Both CNNs and HIP are inspired by biological. CNNs present the behaviors which are most similar to the retina of human's eyes, and HIP presents architecture which is also most similar to the distribution of cells on the retina.

Lin, CT & Shou, YW 2005, 'Texture classification and representation by CNN-based feature extraction', Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, pp. 210-213.
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This paper proposes a novel approach for texture classification by feature extraction based on cellular neural networks (CNN's) and an intelligent arrangement in the design or exact using of the templates in CNN's. This paper also gives a two-way processing mechanism including the analysis of features extracted from the output of CNN's mapping and a selective training step for obtaining the specific templates in CNN's by genetic algorithms (GA's) for more complicated texture patterns. In this paper, we introduce a one dimensional feature curve as well to indicate the characteristics of original texture patterns from the mapping of the output of CNN's for the latter texture classification. The method introduced in this paper could adaptively choose an appropriate processing procedure for the specific issues towards in specific texture patterns. We finally divide our experiments into two sections, for simple and advanced problems in texture classification. Our experimental results demonstrate the valid template training and at the same time show a satisfactory classification outcome in both defined texture problems.

Lin, CT & Tsai, TH 2005, 'Biological-inspired model for hybrid-order chromatic texture segregation', Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, pp. 214-218.
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In this study, a computational model for chromatic texture segregation is developed. The model attempts to simulate the visual processing characteristics by mimicking the visual perception. According to Hering's opponent theory, we deal with color information in a color space with three opponent axes. The algorithm extracts 1st-order features by a Gaussian filter and 2 nd-order features by a set of Gabor filters as so called Gabor wavelets. The hybrid-order features are combined at a common site to detect the boundary. The model is very intuitive and physiological relevant such that it reserves opportunities for further approaches.

Lin, CT, Chao, WH, Chen, YC & Liang, SF 2005, 'Adaptive feature extractions in an EEG-based alertness estimation system', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Waikoloa, HI, pp. 2096-2101.

Lin, CT, Chen, YC, Wu, RC, Liang, SF & Huang, TY 2005, 'Assessment of driver's driving performance and alertness using EEG-based fuzzy neural networks', 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS), VOLS 1-6, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Kobe, JAPAN, pp. 152-155.

Lin, CT, Chin, CL, Fan, KW & Lin, CY 2005, 'A novel architecture for converting single 2D image into 3D effect image', Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, pp. 52-55.
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A novel 2D to 3D effect image conversion architecture integrated image segmentation system and depth estimation is presented. Its objective is to describe the technique used to generate stereo pair images starting from a single image source (a view-point) and its related depth map. The conjunction between segmented image and depth map allows reconstructing artificially the binocular view producing a 3D effect depending on screen dimension and image resolution. The system consists of an on-line ICA mixture model that performs image segmentation and depth estimation method to obtain the depth information of image. The proposed system is capable to perform automatic multilevel segmentation of images, based on depth information obtained by the image depth estimation method. The system does not reconstruct the real 3D coordinates of any object inside the scene, but simply assigns the most comfortable shift to the source points to give a 3D-entertainment to the viewer. A simple smoothing filtering technique adaptively resolves the occlusions generated by shifting of the source points without introducing visible and/or annoying artifacts.

Lin, CT, Fan, KW & Cheng, WC 2005, 'An illumination estimation scheme for color constancy based on chromaticity histogram and neural network', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Waikoloa, HI, pp. 2488-2494.

Lin, CT, Liang, SF, Yeh, CM & Fan, KW 2005, 'Fuzzy neural network design using support vector regression for function approximation with outliers', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Waikoloa, HI, pp. 2763-2768.

Lin, CY, Lin, KL, Huang, CD, Chang, HM, Yang, CY, Lin, CT, Tang, CY & Hsu, DF 2005, 'Feature selection and combination criteria for improving predictive accuracy in protein structure classification', BIBE 2005: 5TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, 5th IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 311-315.

Lin, P, Macarthur, A & Leaney, JR 2005, 'Defining Autonomic Computing: A software engineering perspective', Proceedings of 2005 Australian Software Engineering Conference, Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 88-97.
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As a rapidly growing field, Autonomic Computing is a promising new approach for developing large scale distributed systems. However, while the vision of achieving self-management in computing systems is well established, the field still lacks a commonly accepted definition of ‘what’ an Autonomic Computing system is. Without a common definition to dictate the direction of development, it is not possible to know whether a system or technology is a part of Autonomic Computing, or if in fact an Autonomic Computing system has already been built. The purpose of this paper is to establish a standardised and quantitative definition of Autonomic Computing through the application of the Quality Metrics Framework described in IEEE Std 1061-1998 [1]. Through the application of this methodology, stakeholders were systematically analysed and evaluated to obtain a balanced and structured definition of Autonomic Computing. This definition allows for further development and implementation of quality metrics, which are project-specific, quantitative measurements that can be used to validate the success of future Autonomic Computing projects.

Lister, RF 2005, 'Methods for evaluating the approproiateness and effectiveness of summative assessment via multiple choice examinations for technology-focused disciplines', Making a Difference: 2005 Evaluations and Assessment Conference, Evaluations and Assessment Conference, UTS, Sydney, Aust, pp. 75-84.

Liu, W, Zhu, X, Xu, G, Zhang, Q & Gao, L 2005, 'A DNA Based Evolutionary Algorithm for the Minimal Set Cover Problem', Advances in Intelligent Computing, International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2005, Hefei, China, August 23-26, 2005, Proceedings, Part II, International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2005, Hefei, China, pp. 80-89.
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Lu, J, Shi, C, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2005, 'Multi-Follower Linear Bilevel Programming: Model and Kuhn-Tucker Approach', Proceedings of The IADIS International Conference Applied Computing 2005, IADIS International Conference Applied Computing, IADIS, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 81-88.

Maxwell, CI, Parakhine, A & Leaney, JR 2005, 'Practical application of formal methods for specification and analysis of software architecture', Proceedings of 2005 Australian Software Engineering Conference, Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 302-311.
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With the ever-growing pace of technological advancement, computer software is required to become increasingly complex to meet the demands of today's leading edge technologies, and their applications. However, fulfilling this requirement creates new, previously unknown, problems pertaining to non-functional properties of software. Specifically, as the software complexity escalates, it becomes increasingly difficult to scale the software in order to cope with the sometimes overwhelming demand created by system growth. It is therefore essential to have processes for addressing the issues associated with scalability that arise due to the complexity in software systems. In this paper we describe an approach aimed at fulfilling the need for such processes. A combination of Object-Z and temporal logic is used to create an architectural description open to further analysis. We also demonstrate the practicality of this methodology within the context of the coordinated adaptive traffic system (CATS).

Maxwell, CI, Parakhine, A, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Denford, M 2005, 'Heuristic-based architecture generation for complex computer system optimisation', Proceedings of 12th IEEE International Conference And Workshops On the Engineering Of Computer-Based Systems, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Greenbelt, USA, pp. 70-78.
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Having come of age in the last decade, the use of architecture to describe complex systems, especially in software, is now maturing. With our current ability to describe, represent, analyse and evaluate architectures comes the next logical step in our application of architecture to system design and optimisation. Driven by the increasing scale and complexity of modern systems, the designers have been forced to find new ways of managing the difficult and complex task of balancing the quality trade-offs inherent in all architectures. Architecture-based optimisation has the potential to not only provide designers with a practical method for approaching this task, but also to provide a generic mechanism for increasing the overall quality of system design. In this paper we explore the issues that surround the development of architectural optimisation and present an example of heuristic-based optimisation of a system with respect to concrete goals.

McGregor, C, Heath, J & Wei, M 2005, 'A web services based framework for the transmission of physiological data for local and remote neonatal intensive care', 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 496-501.
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McGregor, C, Kneale, B & Tracy, M 2005, 'Bush babies broadband: On-demand virtual neonatal intensive care unit support for regional Australia', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Vol 2, Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 113-118.

McGregor, C, Purdy, M & Kneale, B 2005, 'Compression of XML physiological data streams to support neonatal intensive care unit web services', 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 486-489.
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Md. Rafiqul, I, Chowdhury, MU & Zhou, W 2005, 'An innovative spam filtering model based on support vector machine', Proceedings - International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, CIMCA 2005 and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet, pp. 348-353.
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Spam is commonly defined as unsolicited email messages and the goal of spam categorization is to distinguish between spam and legitimate email messages. Many researchers have been trying to separate spam from legitimate emails using machine learning algorithms based on statistical learning methods. In this paper, an innovative and intelligent spam filtering model has been proposed based on support vector machine (SVM). This model combines both linear and nonlinear SVM techniques where linear SVM performs better for text based spam classification that share similar characteristics. The proposed model considers both text and image based email messages for classification by selecting an appropriate kernel function for information transformation. © 2005 IEEE.

Milton, J, Kennedy, PJ & Mitchell, H 2005, 'The Effect of Mutation on the accumulation of information in a genetic algorithm', 18th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2005 Proceedings, Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Sydney, Australia, pp. 360-368.
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We use an information theory approach to investigate the role of mutation on Genetic Algorithms (GA). The concept of solution alleles representing information in the GA and the associated concept of information density, being the average frequency of solution alleles in the population, are introduced. Using these concepts, we show that mutation applied indiscriminately across the population has, on average, a detrimental effect on the accumulation of solution alleles within the population and hence the construction of the solution. Mutation is shown to reliably promote the accumulation of solution alleles only when it is targeted at individuals with a lower information density than the mutation source. When individuals with a lower information density than the mutation source are targeted for mutation, very high rates of mutation can be used. This significantly increases the diversity of alleles present in the population, while also increasing the average occurrence of solution alleles.

Moscato, P, Mathieson, L, Mendes, A & Berretta, R 2005, 'The electronic primaries: Predicting the U.S. Presidency using feature selection with safe data reduction', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, pp. 371-380.
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The data mining inspired problem of finding the critical, and most useful features to be used to classify a data set, and construct rules to predict the class of future examples is an interesting and important problem. It is also one of the most useful problems with applications in many areas such as microarray analysis, genomics, proteomics, pattern recognition, data compression and knowledge discovery. Expressed as κ-Feature Set it is also a formally hard problem. In this paper we present a method for coping with this hardness using the combinatorial optimisation and parameterized complexity inspired technique of sound reduction rules. We apply our method to an interesting data set which is used to predict the winner of the popular vote in the U.S. presidential elections. We demonstrate the power and exibility of the reductions, especially when used in the context of the (α β)κ-Feature Set variant problem. Copyright © 2005, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Nataatmadja, I & Dyson, LE 2005, 'Managing the modern workforce: Cultural Diversity and Its Implications', Managing Mofern Organisations with Information Technology, International Conference on Information Resources Management, Idea Group Publishing, San Diego, USA, pp. 580-583.

Ngo, L & Zhou, W 2005, 'The multifaceted and ever-changing directions of information security - Australia get ready!', Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2005, pp. 230-233.
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In recent years, we have witnessed many information security developmental trends. As a consequence, the dimensions of information security - once a single disciplinary area - have become multifaceted and convoluted. This paper aims to (1) recapitulate these key developments: (2) argue that the emergence of many complex information security dimensions are the result of 'constant change agents' (CCAs); (3) discuss the implications on Australia's society, i.e. Government, companies and individuals; and (4) propose key consideration areas and possible solutions thereof. We hope that the discussion presented here will position Australia to make better aligned information security and strategic plans, such as choosing appropriate investments and adopting effective solutions to strengthen and secure Australia's national information security posture. © 2005 IEEE.

Ngo, L, Zhou, W & Warren, M 2005, 'Understanding transition towards information security culture change', Proceedings of 3rd Australian Information Security Management Conference, pp. 67-73.
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Transitioning towards an information security culture for organisations has not been adequately explored in the current security and management literature. Many authors have proposed how information security culture can be created, fostered and managed within organisations, but have failed to adequately address the transition process towards information security culture change, particularly for small medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper aims to (1) recapitulate key developments and trends within information security culture literature; (2) explore in detail the transition process towards organisational change; (3) adapt the transition process with respects to the key players involved in transition and propose a transition model for information security culture change; and (4) consider how this model could be used by managers and employees of Australian SMEs. A major intention of this paper is to provide academic researchers and practicing managers with an understanding of the transition process towards achieving information security culture change within SMEs. Leanne Ngo, Wanlei Zhou and Matthew Warren © 2005.

Nguyen, Q & Huang, M 2005, 'DualView: A focus+context technique for navigating large graphs', Computer Graphics, Imaging And Vision: New Trends, International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 162-166.
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This paper presents a fast and efficient focus+context technique, called Dual View for navigating large graphs/hierarchies which are usually displayed in a high-density manner. The DualView includes two transformations: a browsing and a fisheye-like dist

Pietroni, N & Ganovelli, AGF 2005, 'Robust segmentation of anatomical structures with deformable surfaces and marching cubes', Citeseer.

Pietroni, N, Ganovelli, F & Giachetti, A 2005, 'Robust segmentation of anatomical structures with 3D active contours and marching cubes', International Congress Series, pp. 1278-1278.

Quan, W & Huang, M 2005, 'Dynamic visualization of spatially referenced information', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 3804, Advances in Visual Computing, First international Symposium, ISVC 2005 Proceedings, International Symposium on Visual Computing, Springer, Lake Tahoe, USA, pp. 642-646.
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This paper proposes a dynamic visualization approach that combines the graph metaphor and the spatial metaphor for visualizing and navigating spatially referenced data. It provides users with a marching scheme for viewing a series of graphs G1, G2, ... Gn that are related to a spatial map. Moreover, It provides three types of navigation mechanisms. This dynamic visualization can facilitate the processes of spatially referenced data mining.

Raitman, R, Augar, N & Zhou, W 2005, 'Employing wikis for online collaboration in the e-learning environment: Case study', Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2005, pp. 142-146.
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This paper examines the various ways in which students reflect on their very recent experiences in collaborating in an online e-learning environment, Wikis, fully editable websites, are easily accessible, require no software and allow its contributors, in this case students, to feel a sense of responsibility and ownership. Wikis are everywhere, but, unfortunately, the online literature has not yet begun to focus enough on wikis (Mattison 2003), Whereas students are used to the WebCT based university Elearning environment, Deakin Studies Online (DSO), this case study, completed in Nov 2004, was conducted to test the wiki platform as a means of online collaboration in the tertiary education environment. A full analysis of the results is presented, as are recommendations for improving the platform in an effort to employ wikis and utilize them to their full and absolute potential. © 2005 IEEE.

Raitman, R, Ngo, L, Augar, N & Zhou, W 2005, 'Security in the online E-learning environment', Proceedings - 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT 2005, pp. 702-706.
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This paper addresses the role of security in the collaborative e-learning environment, and in particular, the social aspects of security and the importance of identity. It represents a case study, completed in Nov 2004, which was conducted to test the sense of security that students experienced whilst using the wiki platform as a means of online collaboration in the tertiary education environment. Wikis, fully editable websites, are easily accessible, require no software and allow its contributors (in this case students) to feel a sense of responsibility and ownership. A comparison between two wiki studies will be made whereby one group employed user login and the other maintained anonymity throughout the course of the study. The results consider the democratic participation and evolution of the work requirements over time, which in fact ascertains the nonvalidity of administrative identification. © 2005 IEEE.

Rana, AZ & Huang, M 2005, 'Clustered visualisation for network intrusion analysis', Proceedings of 2005 Asia-Pacific workshop on visual information processing, Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, IEEE SMC Society, Hong Kong, China, pp. 247-253.

Rana, AZ, Huang, M & Hintz, TB 2005, 'Discovering attack structures using behaviour driven alert correlation with dynamic visualization of network intrusions', Proceedings of the IASTED International conference on communication, newtork and information security, IASTED International conference on communication, newtork and information security, ACTA Press, Phoenix, USA, pp. 55-63.
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The existing Intrusion Detection Systems often generate alerts that represent only a sub attack of the attack, which the attacker is trying to accomplish. There is no work previously been carried out to implicitly link alerts together to discover attack plans from generated alerts. This paper proposes the system frame-work for behavior driven dynamic visual intrusion detection system that can be used to find out implicit relationships among alerts and discover attack plans which consist of smaller attacks, carried out in some particular sequential order. The paper also talks about how dynamic visualization along with the static visualization can be used for the visualization of alert and attack structures.

Sheridan-Smith, N, O'Neill, T, Leaney, J & Hunter, M 2005, 'Distribution and coordination of policies for large-scale service management', LANOMS 2005 - 4th Latin American Network Operations and Management Symposium, Proceedings, pp. 257-262.
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The distribution and coordination of policies is often overlooked but is crucial to the scalability of dynamic, personalised services. In this work we partition an Abstract Syntax Tree of the policies to determine the responsibility of different management nodes in a geographically segregated network (i.e. management by delegation). This partitioning is combined with IN/OUT set analysis to determine the required coordination for policy enforcement of complex policies with inter-dependencies. Our simulation results show that this approach is promising, as higher decision loads can be readily handled by further sub-dividing of the network.

Sheridan-Smith, NB, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 2005, 'A Policy-Driven Autonomous System for Evolutive and Adaptive Management of Complex Services and Networks', Proceedings of 12th IEEE International Conference And Workshops On the Engineering Of Computer-Based Systems, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA, pp. 389-397.
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Many existing management systems are not evolutive or adaptive, leading to multiplicity over time and increasing the management burden. Policy-based management approaches may assist in making networks less complex and more automated, but to date they have not yet been able to evolve to support new service sets or provide the capacity for differentiation. We present the architecture for a policy-based system named Pronto that helps to deal with these issues. Layered network and service models are built above an extensible virtual device model that supports heterogenous management interfaces. Interchangeable management components provide the basic building blocks to construct logical services. The integrated policy-driven service definition language automates the management of the services in a manner that is adaptive, dynamic and reactive to improve the user’s overall service experience.

Sheridan-Smith, NB, O'Neill, T, Leaney, JR & Hunter, M 2005, 'Distribution and Coordination of Policies for Large-Scale Service Management', Proceedings of the IV Latin American Network Operations and Management Symposium, 4th Latin American Network Operations and Management Symposium (LANOMS), Unknown, Porto Alegre, Brazil, pp. 1-12.

Sheridan-Smith, NB, O'Neill, T, Leaney, JR & Hunter, M 2005, 'Enhancements to Policy Distribution for Control Flow and Looping', Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol 3775/2005, IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems Operations and Management, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 269-280.
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Our previous work proposed a simple algorithm for the distribution and coordination of network management policies across a number of autonomous management nodes by partitioning an Abstract Syntax Tree into different branches and specifying coordination points based on data and control flow dependencies. We now extend this work to support more complex policies containing control flow logic and looping, which are part of the PRONTO policy language. Early simulation results demonstrate the potential performance and scalability characteristics of this framework.

Shi, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'A Web-Based Decision Support System for Linear Multi Follower Problems without Shared Variables', Proceedings Of the 8th Joint Conference On Information Sciences, Vols 1-3, Joint Conference on Information Sciences, University of Utah, Salt lake City, USA, pp. 1565-1568.

Shi, C, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Zhou, H 2005, 'An Extended Kuhn-Tucker Approach for Linear Bilevel Multifollower Programming with Partial Shared Variables among Followers.', Proceedings of IEEE Systems, Man and Cyberntetics Conference 2005, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Publisher, Hawaii, USA, pp. 3350-3357.
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In a real world bilevel decision-making, the lower level of a bilevel decision usually involves multiple decision units. This paper proposes an extended Kuhn-Tucker approach for linear bilevel multifollower programming problems with partial shared variables among followers. Finally numeric examples are given to show how the Kuhn-Tucker approach works.

Shi, W & Zhou, W 2005, 'A parallel euler approach for large-scale biological sequence assembly', Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2005, pp. 437-441.
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Biological sequence assembly is an essential step for sequencing the genomes of organisms. Sequence assembly is very computing intensive especially for the large-scale sequence assembly. Parallel computing is an effective way to reduce the computing time and support the assembly for large amount of biological fragments. Euler sequence assembly algorithm is an innovative algorithm proposed recently. The advantage of this algorithm is that its computing complexity is polynomial and it provides a better solution to the notorious "repeat" problem. This paper introduces the parallelization of the Euler sequence assembly algorithm. All the Genome fragments generated by whole genome shotgun (WGS) will be assembled as a whole rather than dividing them into groups which may incurs errors due to the inaccurate group partition. The implemented system can be run on supercomputers, network of workstations or even network of PC computers. The experimental results have demonstrated the performance of our system. © 2005 IEEE.

Shi, W, Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2005, 'Distributed defense against distributed Denial-of-Service attacks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 357-362.
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Distributed defense is a promising way to neutralize the distributed Denial-of-Service attacks by detecting and responding the attacking sources widespread around the Internet. Components of the distributed defense system will cooperate with each other to combat the attacks. Compared with the centralized defense systems, distributed defense systems can discover the attacks more timely from both source end and victim end, fight the attacks with more resources and take advantage of more flexible strategies. This paper investigates 7 distributed defense systems which make use of various strategies to mitigate the DDoS attacks. Different architectures are designed in these 7 systems to provide distributed DDoS defense solutions. We evaluate these systems in terms of deployment, detection, response, security, robustness and implementation. For each criteria, we give a recommendation on which technologies are best suitable for a successful distributed defense system based on the analysis result. Finally we propose our idea on the design of an effective distributed defense system. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Stanton, CJ & Williams, M 2005, 'An innovative interactive web-enabled learning space for exploring intelligent mobile sensor networks and their business applications', Proceedings of International Conference on Mobile Business (ICMB'05), International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 249-254.
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In this paper we describe a physical and virtual space for conducting research into intelligent mobile sensor networks. Intelligent mobile sensor networks present a number of difficult theoretical and practical research challenges. We design an imaginati

Subkey, A, Cabrera, D & Ferguson, S 2005, 'Localization and image size effects for low frequency sound', Audio Engineering Society - 118th Convention Spring Preprints 2005, pp. 1974-1983.
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Using four subwoofers, this study investigates horizontal auditory image characteristics for one-third octave bands of pink noise in the frequency range 25 Hz to 100 Hz. The subwoofers were located at 90 degree intervals: 45 degrees to the left and right, and in front of and behind the subject. Single noise bands, coherent pairs, and incoherent pairs were subjectively assessed. Subjects drew the auditory image as an ellipse on a response sheet. Results indicate that left-right discrimination occurs even at the lowest frequencies of human hearing - a finding consistent with other recent research. Image width and depth are correlated, increasing at low frequencies for the stimuli tested, and for simultaneous presentation of coherent or incoherent signals. Like other recently published studies using multiple channels of low frequency sound, this study indicates that multiple subwoofers should be beneficial in multichannel audio systems.

Tran, Q, Low, GC & Williams, M 2004, 'A preliminary comparative feature analysis of multi-agent systems development methodologies', Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Agent-Oriented Information Systems Ii, Agent-Oriented Information Systems Workshop, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Riga, Latvia, pp. 157-168.
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While there are a considerable number of software engineering methodologies for developing multi-agent systems, not much work has been reported on the evaluation and comparison of these methodologies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of five we

Valls Miro, J, Dissanayake, G & Zhou, W 2005, 'Vision-based SLAM using natural features in indoor environments', Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference., International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, IEEE Publications, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 151-156.
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This paper presents a practical approach to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem for autonomous mobile platforms by using natural visual landmarks obtained from an stereoscopic camera. It is an attempt to depart from traditional sensors such as laser rangefinders in order to gain the many benefits of nature-inspired information-rich 3D vision sensors. Whilst this makes the system fully observable in that the sensor provide enough information (range and bearing) to compute the full 2D estate of the observed landmarks from a single position, it is also true that depth information is difficult to rely on, particularly on measurements beyond a few meters (in fact the full 3D estate is observable, but here robot motion is constrained to 2D and only the 2D problem is considered). The work presented here is an attempt to overcome such a drawback by tackling the problem from a partially measurable SLAM perspective in that only landmark bearing from one of the cameras is employed in the fusion estimation. Range information estimates from the stereo pair is only used during map building in the landmark initialization phase in order to provide a reasonably accurate initial estimate. An additional benefit of the approach presented here lies in the data association aspect of SLAM. The availability of powerful feature extraction algorithms from the vision community, such as SIFT, permits a more flexible SLAM implementation separated from feature representation, extraction and matching, essentially carrying out matching with minimal recourse to geometry.

van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 2005, 'Personal souvenirs as Ambient Intelligent objects', Proceedings of the 2005 joint conference on Smart objects and ambient intelligence (sOc-EUSAI 2005), sOc-EUSAI 2005, ACM, Grenoble, France, pp. 123-128.
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Recollecting memories is an important everyday activity, which can be supported in an Ambient Intelligent environment. For optimal support cues are needed that make people reconstruct their memories. The cue category that is most suitable for an Ambient Intelligent environment concerns physical objects, more specifically souvenirs. This paper shows that personal souvenirs are suitable for usage in an Ambient Intelligent recollecting application.

Van, LD, Yu, YC, Huang, CM & Lin, CT 2005, 'Low computation cycle and high speed recursive DFT/IDFT: VLSI algorithm and architecture', 2005 IEEE WORKSHOP ON SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS - DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION (SIPS), IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementations (SiPS 05), IEEE, Athens, GREECE, pp. 579-584.

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'A Framework for capturing domain knowledge via the web', Proceedings of AusWeb 05, Australian World Wide Web Conference, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Aust, pp. 248-255.

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'A semantic classification approach for online product reviews', Proceedings 2005 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on web intelligence, IEEE/WIC/ACM international Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, France, pp. 276-279.
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With the fast growth of e-commerce, product reviews on the Web have become an important information source for customersý decision making when they plan to buy products online. As the reviews are often too many for customers to go through, how to automatically classify them into different semantic orientations (i.e. recommend/not recommend) has become a research problem. Different from traditional approaches that treat a review as a whole, our approach performs semantic classifications at the sentence level by realizing reviews often contain mixed feelings or opinions. In this approach, a typical feature selection method based on sentence tagging is employed and a naïve bayes classifier is used to create a base classification model, which is then combined with certain heuristic rules for review sentence classification. Experiments show that this approach achieves better results than using general naïve bayes classifiers.

Wang, CC, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'Mining key information of web pages', Proceedings Of the 8th Joint Conference On Information Sciences, Vols 1-3, Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Joint Conference On Information Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, pp. 1573-1576.
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Key information, in the form of distinctive menu items, navigation indicators provided by web site constructors, can classify the main contents of web pages and reflect certain taxonomy knowledge. Mining such information is significant as it can be used

Weakley, AJ, Johnston, AJ, Edmonds, EA & Turner, GA 2005, 'Creative Collaboration: Communication Translation and Generation in the Development of a Computer-based Artwork', HCI International 2005 - 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc, Las Vegas, Nevada, pp. 1-9.

Wu, F, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2005, 'A Decision Support System Prototype for Fuzzy Multiple objetcive Optimization', Joint EUSFLAT-LFA 2005, European Society for Fuzzy logic and Technology and 11 Rencontres Francophones Sur La logique Floue et ses Applications, Universitat politecnica De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 985-990.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2005, 'A defense system against DDoS attacks by large-scale IP traceback', Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2005, pp. 431-436.
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In this paper, we present a new approach, called Flexible Deterministic Packet Marking (FDPM), to perform a large-scale IP traceback to defend against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In a DDoS attack the victim host or network is usually attacked by a large number of spoofed IP packets coming from multiple sources. IP traceback is the ability to trace the IP packets to their sources without relying on the source address field of the IP header. FDPM provides many flexible features to trace the IP packets and can obtain better tracing capability than current IP traceback mechanisms, such as Probabilistic Packet Marking (PPM), and Deterministic Packet Marking (DPM). The flexibilities of FDPM are in two ways, one is that it can adjust the length of marking field according to the network protocols deployed; the other is that it can adjust the marking rate according to the load of participating routers. The implementation and evaluation demonstrates that the FDPM needs moderately only a small number of packets to complete the traceback process; and can successfully perform a large-scale IP traceback, for example, trace up to 110,000 sources in a single incident response. It has a built-in overload prevention mechanism, therefore this scheme can perform a good traceback process even it is heavily loaded. © 2005 IEEE.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2005, 'Intelligent DDoS packet filtering in high-speed networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 395-406.
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Currently high-speed networks have been attacked by successive waves of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. There are two major challenges on DDoS defense in the high-speed networks. One is to sensitively and accurately detect attack traffic, and the other is to filter out the attack traffic quickly, which mainly depends on high-speed packet classification. Unfortunately most current defense approaches can not efficiently detect and quickly filter out attack traffic. Our approach is to find the network anomalies by using neural network, deploy the system at distributed routers, identify the attack packets, and then filter them quickly by a Bloom filter-based classifier. The evaluation results show that this approach can be used to defend against both intensive and subtle DDoS attacks, and can catch DDoS attacks' characteristic of starting from multiple sources to a single victim. The simple complexity, high classification speed and low storage requirements make it especially suitable for DDoS defense in high-speed networks. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2005, 'Mark-aided distributed filtering by using neural network for DDoS defense', GLOBECOM - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, pp. 1701-1705.
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Currently Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have been identified as one of the most serious problems on the Internet. The aim of DDoS attacks is to prevent legitimate users from accessing desired resources, such as network bandwidth. Hence the immediate task of DDoS defense is to provide as much resources as possible to legitimate users when there is an attack. Unfortunately most current defense approaches can not efficiently detect and filter out attack traffic. Our approach is to find the network anomalies by using neural network, deploy the system at distributed routers, identify the attack packets, and then filter them. The marks in the IP header that are generated by a group of IP traceback schemes, Deterministic Packet Marking (DPM)/Flexible Deterministic Packet Marking (FDPM), assist this process of identifying attack packets. The experimental results show that this approach can be used to defend against both intensive and subtle DDoS attacks, and can catch DDoS attacks' characteristic of starting from multiple sources to a single victim. According to results, we find the marks in IP headers can enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of detection, thus improve the legitimate traffic throughput and reduce attack traffic throughput. Therefore, it can perform well in filtering DDoS attack traffic precisely and effectively. © 2005 IEEE.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2005, 'Safeguard information infrastructure against DDoS attacks: Experiments and modeling', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 320-333.
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Nowadays Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have made one of the most serious threats to the information infrastructure. In this paper we firstly present a new filtering approach, Mark-Aided Distributed Filtering (MADF), which is to find the network anomalies by using a back-propagation neural network, deploy the defense system at distributed routers, identify and filtering the attack packets before they can reach the victim; and secondly propose an analytical model for the interactions between DDoS attack party and defense party, which allows us to have a deep insight of the interactions between the attack and defense parties. According to the experimental results, we find that MADF can detect and filter DDoS attack packets with high sensitivity and accuracy, thus provide high legitimate traffic throughput and low attack traffic throughput. Through the comparison between experiments and numerical results, we also demonstrate the validity of the analytical model that can precisely estimate the effectiveness of a DDoS defense system before it encounters different attacks. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2005, 'Trace IP Packets by Flexible Deterministic Packet Marking (FDPM)', 2004 IEEE Workshop on IP Operations and Management Proceedings, IPOM 2004: Self-Measurement and Self-Management of IP Networks and Services, pp. 246-252.
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Currently a large number of the notorious Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack incidents make people aware of the importance of the IP traceback technique. IP traceback is the ability to trace the IP packets to their origins. It provides a security system with the capability of identifying the true sources of the attacking IP packets. IP traceback mechanisms have been researched for years, aiming at finding the sources of IP packets quickly and precisely. In this paper, an IP traceback scheme, Flexible Deterministic Packet Marking (FDPM), is proposed. It provides more flexible features to trace the IP packets and can obtain better tracing capability over other IP traceback mechanisms, such as link testing, messaging, logging, Probabilistic Packet Marking (PPM), and Deterministic Packet Marking (DPM). The implementation and evaluation demonstrates that the FDPM needs moderately a small number of packets to complete the traceback process and requires little computation work; therefore this scheme is powerful to trace the IP packets. It can be applied in many security systems, such as DDoS defense systems, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), forensic systems, and so on. ©2004 IEEE.

Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Zhou, X 2005, 'A Web Recommendation Technique Based on Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, New York, NY, USA.

Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Zhou, X 2005, 'Towards User Profiling for Web Recommendation', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 18th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Sydney, Australia.

Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Zhou, X 2005, 'Using Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis for Web Page Grouping', 15th International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering (RIDE-SDMA 2005), Stream Data Mining and Applications, 15th International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering: Stream Data Mining and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Tokyo, Japan.

Xu, G, Zhang, Y, Ma, J & Zhou, X 2005, 'Discovering User Access Pattern Based on Probabilistic Latent Factor Model', Database Technologies 2005, Proceedings of the Sixteenth Australasian Database Conference, 16th Australasian Database Conference, Australian Computer Society, Newcastle, Australia, pp. 27-35.

Yan, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Guo, Y & Wang, S 2005, 'A PMSM Model Incorporating Structural and Saturation Saliencies', The Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publisher/Beijing World Publishing Cooperation, Nanjing, China, pp. 194-199.
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Sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems have become very attractive due to their advantages, such as the reduction of hardware complexity and hence the reduced system cost and increased reliability. In order to accurately determine the rotor position required for correct electronic commutation, various methods have been proposed. Among them, the most versatile makes use of the structural and/or magnetic saturation saliencies of the PMSM. This paper presents a non-linear model for PMSMs with the saliencies. The phase inductances of a PMSM are measured and expressed by Fourier series at different rotor positions according to their patterns. The dynamic performance of the PMSM is simulated and compared with that based on a model without considering saliency to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Yu, S & Zhou, W 2005, 'A mesh based anycast routing protocol for ad hoc networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 927-932.
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Ad hoc networks became a hot topic recently, but the routing algorithm of anycast in the ad hoc networks has not yet been much explored. In this paper, we propose a mesh-based anycast routing algorithm (MARP) for ad hoc networks. The proposed routing model is robust and reliable, which can solve the unsteady topology problem in ad hoc networks. The future work is discussed at the end of this paper. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Yu, S & Zhou, W 2005, 'An efficient reliable architecture for application layer anycast service', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 376-385.
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Anycast is a new service in IPv6, and there are some open issues about the anycast service. In this paper, we focus on efficient and reliable aspects of application layer anycast. We apply the requirement based probing routing algorithm to replace the previous period based probing routingalgorithm for anycast resolvers. We employ the twin server model among the anycast servers, therefore, try to present a reliable service in the Internet environment. Our theoretical analysis shows that the proposed architecture works well, and it offers a more efficient routing performance and fault tolerance capability. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Yu, ZX, Chen, JR & Zhu, TQ 2005, 'A novel adaptive intrusion detection system based on data mining', 2005 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, ICMLC 2005, pp. 2390-2395.
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A Data Mining based Adaptive Intrusion Detection Model (DMAIDM) is presented in this paper. The DMAIDM applies a fast heuristic clustering algorithm for mixed data (FHCAM) to distinguish intrusions from legal behaviors efficiently and an attribute-constrained based fuzzy mining algorithm (ACFMA) to construct intrusion Pattern-database automatically. Verification tests are carried out by using the 10% subset of KDD Cup 1999 Data Set, The average detection rate is 71.67% and the average false detection rate is 0.92%.And the detection rate increases from 65.25%(the second subset) to 85.7%(the ninth subset) adaptively. The experimental results reveal that the DMAIDM is successful in terms of not only accuracy but also efficiency in networks intrusion detection. © 2005 IEEE.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2005, '8-Equalities of Sequences of Fuzzy Sets', Eleventh International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress, IFSA World Congress, Tsinghua University Press, Springer, Beijing, China, pp. 126-130.

Zhang, G, Lu, H, Li, G & Zhang, G 2005, 'Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch Using Hybrid genetic algorithm and the Method of Fuzzy Number Ranking', Proceedings at 2005 International Conference on Machine learning and Cybernetics, International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 2472-2477.
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This paper proposes a new economic load dispatch model that considers cost coefficients with uncertainties and the constraints of ramp rate. The uncertainties are represented by fuzzy numbers, and the model is known as fuzzy dynamic economic load dispatch model (FDELD). A novel hybrid genetic algorithm with quasi-simplex techniques is proposed to handle the FDELD problem. The algorithm creates offspring by using generic operation and quasi-simplex techniques in parallel. The quasi-simplex techniques consider two potential optimal search directions in generating prospective offspring. One direction is the worst-opposite direction, which is used in the conventional simplex techniques, and the other is the best-forward direction, which is a ray from the centroid of a polyhedron whose vertexes are all the points but the best one towards the best point of the simplex. In addition, in order to reserve more fuzzy information, the fuzzy number ranking method is used to optimize the cost function, avoiding the lost some useful information by getting /spl lambda/-level set. The experimental study shows that FDELD is more practical model; the algorithm and techniques proposed are very efficient to solve FDELD problem.

Zhang, G, Lu, J, Steele, RJ & Shi, C 2005, 'An extended Kth-best approach for fuzzy linear bilevel problems', Proceedings Of the 8th Joint Conference On Information Sciences, Vols 1-3, Joint Conference on Information Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, pp. 46-49.
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Organizational bilevel decision-making often involves uncertain factors. The parameters shown in a bilevel programming model, either in the objective functions or constraints, are thus often imprecise, which is called the fuzzy parameter bilevel programm

Zhang, Y, Xu, G & Zhou, X 2005, 'A Latent Usage Approach for Clustering Web Transaction and Building User Profile', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, First International Conference, ADMA 2005, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Wuhan, China.

Zhao, Y, Zhou, W, Zhang, Y, Lanham, EJ & Huang, J 2005, 'Clock synchronization state graphs based on clock precision difference', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 34-39.
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Consistent and stable global states of clock synchronization are very important in distributed and parallel systems. This paper presents an innovative strategy and method to obtain stable global clock synchronization state graphs in asynchronous Internet environments. Our model will introduce the concept of clock precision difference as a means to evaluate running states of all clocks in this system and make this system self-adaptive well. Finally, we introduce the concept of clock precision difference into global states analysis of clock synchronization and construct clock synchronization state graphs in order to evaluate distributed clock synchronization states. We also present detailed simulations of the strategy and mathematical analysis used on real Internet environments. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Zhou, W 2005, 'Technologies and considerations for developing internet and multiplayer computer games: A tutorial (extended abstract)', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 17-18.
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Zhu, TQ & Xiong, P 2005, 'Optimization of membership functions in anomaly detection based on fuzzy data mining', 2005 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, ICMLC 2005, pp. 1987-1992.
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Association rules mining is an effective method to extract hidden knowledge in databases that is used widely in intrusion detection. But it causes the sharp boundary problem in handling databases with quantitative attributes. To solve the problem, a method is presented that integrates fuzzy sets and genetic algorithm in anomaly detection. Encoding the parameters of membership functions into an individual (chromosome) and embedding the fuzzy association rules mining techniques into the genetic optimization, an optimal parameter-set can be obtained. With the use of the parameter-set in anomaly detection, the normal states of protected system can be differentiated from the anomalous states to the largest extent, and the veracity of anomaly detection is improved significantly. © 2005 IEEE.