Publications

Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 1999, 'Concave programming in control theory', Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 343-370.
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Arnold, JF, Frater, MR & Zhang, J 1999, 'Error resilience in the MPEG-2 video coding standard for cell based networks – A review', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 14, no. 6-8, pp. 607-633.
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The MPEG-2 video coding standard is being extensively used worldwide for the provision of digital video services. Many of these applications involve the transport of MPEG-2 video over cell-based (or packet) networks. Examples include the broadband integr

Boon, JR, Zekou, E, McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 1999, 'Comparison of wavelength dependence in cascade-, Λ-, and Vee-type schemes for electromagnetically induced transparency', Physical Review A, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 4675-4684.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Adapting waveform interpolation (with pitch-spaced subbands) for quantisation', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 96-98.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Low delay multi-level decomposition and quantisation techniques for WI coding', 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258), vol. 1, pp. 241-244.
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Cucchiara, R & Piccardi, M 1999, 'Eliciting visual primitives for detection of elongated shapes', Image and Vision Computing, vol. 17, no. 5-6, pp. 347-355.
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This paper deals with the problem of eliciting visual primitives for visual search with the aim of detecting 2D objects characterized, primarily, by an elongated shape. The paper proposes a new visual primitive obtained by combining in a suitable correla

Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Mello, P 1999, 'Image analysis and rule-based reasoning for a traffic monitoring system', Proceedings 199 IEEE/IEEJ/JSAI International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (Cat. No.99TH8383), pp. 758-763.
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The paper describes a system for detecting vehicles in urban traffic scenes in daytime and at night by means of image analysis and rule-based reasoning. The strength of the proposed approach is its formal separation between the low-level image processing modules (detecting moving vehicles under day and night light) and the high-level module, which provides a single framework for tracking vehicles in the scene. The image processing modules perform spatio-temporal analysis on moving templates in daytime images, and morphological analysis of headlight pairs in night images. The high-level module is designed as a forward chained production rule system, working on symbolic data, i.e. vehicles and their attributes (area, pattern, direction...) and exploiting a set of heuristic rules tuned to urban traffic conditions. The synergy between the artificial intelligence techniques of the high level and the low-level image analysis techniques provides the system with flexibility and robustness.

Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 1999, 'Exploiting cache in multimedia', Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, pp. 345-350.
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Frater, MR, Arnold, JF & Zhang, J 1999, 'MPEG 2 video error resilience experiments:', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 269-275.
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With increasing interest in the transport of video traffic over lossy networks, several techniques for improving the quality of video services in the presence of loss have been proposed, often using the MPEG 2 video coding algorithm as a basis. Many of t

Funaki, K, Miyanaga, Y & Tochinai, K 1999, 'Recursive ARMAX speech analysis based on a glottal source model with phase compensation', Signal Processing, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 279-295.
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Horita, E & Miyanaga, Y 1999, 'Numerically stable RLS algorithms for time-varying signals', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 26-37.
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Jackson, MA & Burnett, IS 1999, 'Phase-space portraits of speech employing mutual information and perceptual masking', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 61-63.
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Kong, X, Nebot, EM & Durrant-Whyte, H 1999, 'Development of a non-linear psi-angle model for large misalignment errors and its application in INS alignment and calibration', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, pp. 1430-1435.
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This work presents a general nonlinear psi-angle approach that does not require coarse alignment. In this psi-angle model, the three misalignment angles are assumed all large. Three states are used to describe three psi-angles rather than the four used in previous works. The approach is identical to the standard small error methods when the process errors diminish to small angles. The position and velocity error models are also presented. Standard extended Kalman filter techniques are used to solve the nonlinear data fusion problem. Experimental results of in-flight Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) alignment and calibration are presented considering total uncertainty in azimuth orientation using a low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) aided with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS).

Lovatt, HC & Watterson, PA 1999, 'Energy stored in permanent magnets', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 35, no. 1 PART 2, pp. 505-507.
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There has been some confusion over the energy stored in a permanent magnet, with many texts and some finite element packages giving incorrect values. We demonstrate the correct formulation, under both normal operation and partial demagnetization, and discuss the physical meaning of stored energy in a permanent magnet. © 1999 IEEE.

Lovatt, HC & Watterson, PA 1999, 'Energy stored in permanent magnets', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 505-507.
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There has been some confusion over the energy stored in a permanent magnet, with many texts and some finite element packages giving incorrect values. We demonstrate the correct formulation, under both normal operation and partial demagnetization, and dis

Mirsattari, SM, Berry, MER, Holden, JK, Ni, W, Nath, A & Power, C 1999, 'Paroxysmal dyskinesias in patients with HIV infection', Neurology, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 109-109.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical features of paroxysmal dyskinesias among HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients. BACKGROUND: Movement disorders have been associated with HIV infection, although the full spectrum of these disorders remains uncertain. METHODS: Six adult HIV-1-seropositive patients presenting with paroxysmal dyskinesias were identified. Each patient underwent metabolic, CSF, EEG, and neuroimaging studies. RESULTS: Mean age at onset was 34.5 years and five of six patients were AIDS defined. Dyskinesias were focal, multifocal, or hemidystonic in four patients and generalized in another two patients. Two of the six patients had paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias and the remaining four patients had paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias. Choreoathetosis (n = 3), myoclonus (n = 2), postural tremor (n = 5), and dysarthria (n = 3) were observed. Benzodiazepines appeared beneficial in three of six patients. Two patients with HIV-associated dementia and paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia had a progressive course to death. Autopsy of a patient with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias revealed intense astrogliosis and loss of calbindin-positive neurons in the subcortical gray matter. CONCLUSIONS: Paroxysmal dyskinesias may present as a primary HIV-1-induced neurologic syndrome. The occurrence of paroxysmal dyskinesias is associated with neuronal injury and loss in the subcortical gray matter but the mechanism remains unknown.

Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Linguistic mapping in LSF space for low-bit rate coding', 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258), vol. 2, pp. 653-656.
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Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'The use of LSF-based phonetic classification in low-rate coder design', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 49-51.
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Tellambura, C, Johnson, IR, Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1999, 'Frequency-offset estimation for HIPERLAN', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1137-1139.
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Frequency-offset correction is considered for a HIPERLAN (HIgh-PErformance Radio LAN) system over the indoor radio channel. Since the multipath channel response is not known a priori, a viable frequency-offset estimator should not depend on such knowledge. Such an estimator, using a single sample per symbol, is derived for HIPERLAN. The estimator is shown to approach the Cramer-Rao bound for frequency-offset estimation over a multipath channel. A HIPERLAN system simulation example shows that the performance with an offset of 150 kHz is within 0.5 dB of that of a system with zero frequency offset.

Tellambura, C, Parker, MG, Guo, YJ, Shepherd, SJ & Barton, SK 1999, 'Optimal sequences for channel estimation using discrete Fourier transform techniques', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 230-238.
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Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 1999, 'Relaxations of parameterized LMIs with control applications', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 59-84.
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Tuan, HD & Hosoe, S 1999, 'On linear robust H∞ controllers for a class of nonlinear singular perturbed systems', Automatica, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 735-739.
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Veitch, D & Abry, P 1999, 'A wavelet-based joint estimator of the parameters of long-range dependence', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 878-897.
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Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Ramsden, VS & Guo, YG 1999, 'Power losses of soft magnetic composite materials under two-dimensional excitation', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 4403-4405.
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Soft magnetic composite materials produced by powder metallurgy techniques can be very useful for construction of low cost small motors. However, the rotational core losses and the corresponding B-H relationships of soft magnetic composite materials with

Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Ramsden, VS & Guo, YG 1999, 'Power losses of soft magnetic composite materials under two-dimensional excitation', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 85, no. 8 II A, pp. 4403-4405.
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Soft magnetic composite materials produced by powder metallurgy techniques can be very useful for construction of low cost small motors. However, the rotational core losses and the corresponding B-H relationships of soft magnetic composite materials with two-dimensional rotating fluxes have neither been supplied by the manufacturers nor reported in the literature. This article reports the core loss measurement of a soft magnetic composite material, SOMALOY™ 500, Höganäs AB, Sweden, under two-dimensional excitations. The principle of measurement, testing system, and power loss calculation are presented. The results are analyzed and discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Zhu, S, Shen, S, Zheng, Y, Li, L, Al, Q & Qu, Z 1999, 'Evolutionary programming algorithm for load modeling and parameter identification', Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 37-40.
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This paper proposes an evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm applying to load modeling and parameter identification. Compared with conventional methods, EP algorithm is a search method that can be used for nonlinear and discontinuous problems. Cases of both static and dynamic load data from field experiments are studied. For static load modeling the identification result of EP method is better than that of the least square method. It can be used for different kinds of static load models with minor modification; which shows its universality. The exact and robust results show the advantage of this method in dynamic load modeling and parameter identification.

Cucchiara, R, Lamma, E, Mello, P, Milano, M & Piccardi, M 1970, '3D object recognition by VC-graphs and interactive constraint satisfaction', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 508-513.
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We propose a novel approach for recognizing 3D CAD-made objects in complex range images containing several overlapped and different objects. Objects are modeled by a graph whose nodes are surfaces and arcs are surface relations. We propose an object-centered graph model, called visual constraint graph (VC-graph), with special visual constraints modeling occlusions between object surfaces. The VC-graph is used for recognizing objects from each possible point of view, instead of evaluating many different single-view graphs. The reasoning engine is based on an original extension of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) paradigm, called interactive CSP (ICSP). CSP requires the acquisition of all surfaces before starting constraint propagation; instead, ICSP guides the acquisition of new surfaces only on-demand, without computing useless information and focusing attention only on significant image parts. © 1999 IEEE.

Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M, Prati, A & Scarabottolo, N 1970, 'Real-time detection of moving vehicles', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 618-623.
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Computer vision-based traffic flow monitoring is of major importance for enforcing traffic management policies. Information such as the number of vehicles passing on a road per time unit, or vehicles' turning rates at intersections are exploited by traffic management policies to supervise traffic-light timings. Computer vision-based traffic flow monitoring requires extraction of moving vehicles from traffic scenes in real time. To accomplish this task, efficient algorithms must be used and effective, low-cost hardware implementation must be pursued. This paper first describes the algorithms used in the VTTS (vehicular traffic tracking system) to achieve segmentation of moving vehicles. Then, hardware implementation on a re-programmable FPGA-based board is described in detail. © 1999 IEEE.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Calculation of Cogging Torque in Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motors', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia, pp. 343-347.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Design and construction of a single phase claw pole permanent magnet motor using composite magnetic material', RENEWABLE ENERGY: TECHNOLOGIES & POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, World Renewable Energy Congress, MURDOCH UNIV, PERTH, AUSTRALIA, pp. 181-186.

Hoang, DB & Yu, Q 1970, 'Performance of the fair intelligent congestion control for TCP applications over ATM networks: a simulation analysis', 1999 2nd International Conference on ATM. ICATM'99 (Cat. No.99EX284), ICATM'99 - 2nd International Conference on ATM, IEEE, pp. 390-395.
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© 1999 IEEE. This paper presents a simulation study of the performance of TCP traffic over ATM network ABR service under the fair intelligent congestion control (FICC) scheme recently proposed. The simulation experiments are conducted on various network configurations, and traffic patterns. The key metrics of TCP effective throughput, packet delay, delay variation, and fairness are measured. Simulation results show that FICC is superior to existing schemes in terms of well-guaranteed fairness, minimized and bounded buffer requirement, minimized packet variation delay, easy parameter settings, robustness to parameter mistuning, and simple implementation.

Lamma, E, Mello, P, Milano, M, Cucchiara, R, Gavanelli, M & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Constraint propagation and value acquisition: Why we should do it Interactively', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 99), MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, pp. 468-473.
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In Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) values belonging to variable domains should be completely known before the constraint propagation process starts. In many applications, however, the acquisition of domain values is a computational expensive process or some domain values could not be available at the beginning of the computation. For this purpose, we introduce an Interactive Constraint Satisfaction Problem (ICSP) model as extension of the widely used CSP model. The variable domain values can be acquired when needed during the resolution process by means of Interactive Constraints, which retrieve (possibly consistent) information. Experimental results on randomly generated CSPs and for 3D object recognition show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Lifang Gu & Bone, D 1970, 'Skin colour region detection in MPEG video sequences', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 898-903.
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Efficient indexing and retrieval of digital video data is an important aspect of video database management. Video indexing involves content analysis of video sequences, which is usually a computationally intensive process. Since most video data is stored in compressed format, processing directly in the compressed domain offers the possibility of computationally more efficient algorithms. We present here an efficient algorithm for detecting skin colour regions directly in MPEG video sequences. Most existing methods for skin colour detection usually threshold some sort of measure of the likelihood of skin colours for each pixel and treat them independently. Our algorithm takes the spatial neighbourhood information of each block into account by performing region growing for those blocks with a high probability of belonging to the skin colour class, since skin colour blocks usually appear as contiguous regions in an image. A novel method for finding an adaptive threshold to control the region growing process is also presented, which incorporates the edge information into the segmentation. Experimental results on several video sequences show that the proposed algorithm is able to detect skin colour regions in MPEG video sequences with various scene complexities. © 1999 IEEE.

Lo, KW, Perry, SW & Ferguson, BG 1970, 'An image processing approach for aircraft flight parameter estimation using the acoustical Lloyd's mirror effect', ISSPA '99. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications (IEEE Cat. No.99EX359), Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications, Queensland Univ. Technol, pp. 503-506.
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A time-frequency analysis of the output of an acoustic sensor located above the ground during the transit of an aircraft shows an interference (or fringe) pattern on the time-frequency plane. This interference pattern, referred to as the Lloyd's mirror effect, is caused by the temporal variations of the constructive/destructive interference frequencies of the direct and ground-reflected aircraft sound fields at the sensor. A model has been developed to describe the temporal variations of the destructive-interference frequencies for an aircraft in level flight over a hard ground. This paper describes two methods to estimate the aircraft flight parameters based on this model. In both methods, the time-frequency distribution of the sensor output is treated as an image. This image is pre-processed to enhance the destructive-interference pattern and then the flight parameters are extracted from the resultant image by optimising a cost function. The effectiveness of the methods is verified using real acoustic data. © 1999 IEEE.

Lu, HY, Zhu, JG, Ramsden, VS & Hui, SYR 1970, 'Measurement and modeling of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers', 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321), 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, IEEE, Charleston, SC, USA, pp. 763-768.
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This paper proposes an approach to incorporate stray capacitances into a dynamic circuit model of high frequency transformers. The measuring techniques for stray capacitances in high frequency transformers and inductors are presented. A 500W transformer in a full bridge inverter operating at 25 kHz has been simulated with the new model and the theoretical results are confirmed by experiments.

Ramsden, VS, Watterson, PA, Hunter, GP, Zhu, JG, Holliday, WM, Lovatt, HC, Wu, W, Kalan, BA, Collocoft, SC, Dunlop, JB, Gwan, PB & Mecrow, BC 1970, 'High-performance electric machines for renewable energy generation and efficient drives', RENEWABLE ENERGY: TECHNOLOGIES & POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, World Renewable Energy Congress, MURDOCH UNIV, PERTH, AUSTRALIA, pp. 191-197.

Roughan, M & Veitch, D 1970, 'A study of the daily variation in the self-similarity of real data traffic', TELETRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN A COMPETITIVE WORLD, International Teletraffic Congress (ITC-16) - Teletraffic Engineering in a Competitive World, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp. 67-76.

Roughan, M & Veitch, D 1970, 'Measuring long-range dependence under changing traffic conditions', IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1513-1521.
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Sutton, JP, Sha, DD, Perry, SW & Guan, L 1970, 'Enhancing mine signatures in sonar images using nested neural networks', SPIE Proceedings, AeroSense '99, SPIE, ORLANDO, FL, pp. 570-577.
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Tendys, T, Jian Guo Zhu, Ramsden, V & Dymond, M 1970, 'Use of the scalar Preisach model in 3D finite element analysis for C-core inductor design', IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE.
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A simulation is presented that uses finite element analysis (FEA) with a scalar Presach model of hysteresis and an improved core loss model to predict the behavior of a C-core inductor excited by a current source. Results of field analysis, inductor performance and core loss calculations are discussed.

Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & James, M 1970, 'Parameterized linear matrix inequalities for nonlinear discrete H∞ control', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 3017-3021.
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A new approach based on parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs) for solving nonlinear discrete H∞ control is proposed. The 'curse of dimensionality' is one of the main obstacles preventing nonlinear H∞ control theory to be used in practice. However, in most applications, nonlinearity of a nonlinear system is caused by a few variables with dimension much lower than the plant dimension. Considering such nonlinear variables as parameters, the system can be handled as a family of linear systems depending on parameters in a reduced-dimension space. Then, PLMI tools can be used to render the nonlinear H∞ control problem computationally tractable. Moreover, this approach can work well for output feedback problem giving a finitely dimensional control instead of a customized infinitely dimensional one.

Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Tuy, H 1970, 'Advanced global optimization algorithms for parameterized LMIs', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 310-315.
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Parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs) frequently arise in analysis and synthesis problems of robust control theory. However, in contrast to Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) which are convex optimization problems with available efficient polynomial-time interior-point methods, PLMIs are highly nonconvex and thus are very hard to solve. In this paper, we exploit partial convexity properties of PLMIs that are useful for optimization purpose. We then propose various global optimization algorithms, practical and efficient, as resolution methods. The tools so constructed are finally validated on some open problems in robust control.

Yu, Q & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Multipoint-to-Point ABR Service with Fair Intelligent Congestion Control in ATM Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 393-395.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999. Current standards of ATM can only support pt-pt (or unicast) connections and unidirectional point-to-multipoint (pt-mpt) connection and do not provide a scalable solution for truly multipoint-to-multipoint (mpt-mpt) communication. The main reason is that AAL5 does not provide multiplexing identification on a per cell basis. Cells from different packets on a single connection cannot be interleaved. To preserve AAL5 structure, additional mechanisms are needed at the merging point to differentiate packets and prevent cell mixing. In our previous study [1], we have proposed a Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) for ABR point-to-point traffic. It was demonstrated that FICC is simple, robust, efficient, scalable and fair relative to other proposed congestion control algorithms. In this paper we propose to apply FICC together with simple queueing and scheduling mechanism to provide efficient, fair bandwidth allocation and congestion control in a multipoint-topoint (mpt-pt) connection for heterogeneous service with different data rates. The simulation results show that FICC preserves all the desirable point-to-point properties, and performs equally well in multipoint-to-point connections.