Donnelly, IJ & Watterson, PA 1989, 'Ion-matrix sheath structure around cathodes of complex shape', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 90-93.
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O'Neill, C, Collier, M, Ammit, AJ, Ryan, JP, Saunders, DM & Pike, IL 1989, 'SUPPLEMENTATION OF IN-VITRO FERTILISATION CULTURE MEDIUM WITH PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR', The Lancet, vol. 334, no. 8666, pp. 769-772.
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Ryan, JP, Spinks, NR, O'Neill, C, Ammit, AJ & Wales, RG 1989, 'Platelet activating factor (PAF) production by mouse embryos in vitro and its effect on embryonic metabolism', Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 387-395.
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AbstractFactors affecting the production of platelet activating factor (PAF) by mouse embryos during culture in vitro were investigated. Detectable levels of embryo‐derived PAF were produced within 1–4 hr with maximum PAF activity being observed after 6 hr of culture in vitro. The amount of PAF detected in media after 24 hr of culture of two‐cell embryos was equivalent to 12.8 ng PAF/embryo. However, differences in activity were apparent with increased time in culture. Reduced synthesis of PAF during culture in vitro was supported by the observation that morulae stage embryos collected fresh from the reproductive tract displayed more PAF activity than morulae resulting from the 48 hr culture of two‐cell embryos. In addition to determining production characteristics of PAF by embryos, we also show that the production of CO2 from carbon‐1 position of lactate is positively correlated with the ability of embryos to develop during subsequent culture in vitro and therefore could be used as a measure of embryo viability. Furthermore, culture of embryos in media supplemented with PAF resulted in an increase in lactate utilization demonstrating a direct effect of PAF on the embryo. As PAF is produced by preimplantation embryos, an autocoid role of PAF in regulating embryo development is implicated. Therefore, the reduced production of PAF by embryos in vitro may explain the decreased viability of embryos commonly observed following their culture in vitro.
Wang, H, Rosenfeld, D & Braun, M 1989, 'Pulse, a PC-based graphics pulse sequence editor for NMR and MRI.', Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 69-72.
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A flexible, personal computer (PC) based, screen-graphics oriented pulse sequence editor called PULSE has been developed for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PULSE is used to set such NMR spectroscopic parameters as the delay and duration of rf transmit and receive gates, rf phase, sampling times, and such imaging parameters as rf pulse shape and gradient waveforms. The output of PULSE is a set of programs that can be loaded into a hardware pulse programmer. With PULSE, any desired NMR or MRI pulse sequence can be programmed quickly and easily.
Watterson, PA 1989, 'Child-Langmuir sheath structure around wedge-shaped cathodes', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1300-1307.
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The steady state Child-Langmuir sheath around a wedge-shaped cathode immersed in a plasma is calculated numerically. The ions drawn from the plasma may be employed to sputter material from the cathode, or may implant into the cathode, depending upon the magnitude of the applied negative voltage. The ion impact rate onto the cathode reaches 2.2 times higher near a square edge and 3.6 times higher near a knife edge than the rate for planar surfaces of the cathode. However, for a knife edge the rate falls to zero at the edge. All the ions strike the cathode with the same kinetic energy, but the angle of impact is nonperpendicular near the edge, which could reduce the implantation depth and increase sputtering. © 1989 IOP Publishing Ltd.
