Ammit, A 2001, 'Antigen induced NO in asthmatic airways', Respiratory Research, vol. 2, no. 1.
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Ammit, AJ 2001, 'IgE-gene regulation by triplex-forming oligonucleotides', Respiratory Research, vol. 2, no. 1.
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Ammit, AJ 2001, 'Versican modulates cellular responses', Respiratory Research, vol. 2, no. 1.
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Ammit, AJ & Panettieri, RA 2001, 'Invited Review: The circle of life: cell cycle regulation in airway smooth muscle', Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 1431-1437.
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Severe asthma is characterized by increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, due predominantly to ASM hyperplasia. Diverse stimuli, which include growth factors, plasma- or inflammatory cell-derived mediators, contractile agonists, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins, induce ASM proliferation. Mitogens act via receptor tyrosine kinase, G protein-coupled receptors, or cytokine receptors, to activate p21ras and stimulate two parallel signaling pathways in ASM cells, namely, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. ERK and PI3K regulate cell cycle protein expression and thus modulate cell cycle traversal. ERK activation and downstream effectors of PI3K, such as Rac1 and Cdc42, stimulate expression of cyclin D1, a key regulator of G1progression in the mammalian cell cycle. In addition, PI3K activates 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase, an enzyme that also regulates the translation of many cell cycle proteins, including the elongation factor E2F. The present review examines the mitogens and critical signal transduction pathways that stimulate ASM cell proliferation. Further study in this area may reveal new therapeutic targets to abrogate ASM hyperplasia in diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Ammit, AJ, Hastie, AT, Edsall, LC, Hoffman, RK, Amrani, Y, Krymskaya, VP, Kane, SA, Peters, SP, Penn, RB, Spiegel, S & Panettieri, RA 2001, 'Sphingosine 1‐phosphate modulates human airway smooth muscle cell functions that promote inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma', The FASEB Journal, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1212-1214.
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Amrani, Y, Ammit, AJ & Panettieri, RA 2001, 'Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1, but not TNFR2, mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-6 and RANTES in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases.', Mol Pharmacol, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 646-655.
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Little information is available regarding the mechanisms involved in cytokine-induced synthetic function of human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Here, we report that tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1-induced p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-mediated synthetic responses: expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and the regulated-on-activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chemokine in human ASM cells. Pretreatment of ASM cells with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, slightly enhanced TNF alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner but partially inhibited secretion of RANTES and IL-6. In contrast, PD98059, a p42/44 inhibitor, reduced ICAM-1 expression by 50% but had no effect on TNF alpha-induced RANTES or IL-6 secretion. SB203580 and PD98059 had little effect on TNF alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation as determined in cells transfected with a NF-kappa B-luciferase reporter construct. We also found that agonistic antibodies specific for either TNFR1 or TNFR2 stimulated IL-6 and RANTES secretion and activated p38 and p42/44 MAPKs. In addition, both antibodies induced NF-kappa B-mediated gene transcription. Using receptor-specific blocking antibodies, we found that TNFR1 primarily regulates TNF alpha-induced IL-6 and RANTES secretion and activation of p38 and p42/44 MAPK pathways. Interestingly, we found that TNFR1 and TNFR2 are expressed differently on the cell surface of ASM cells. Our data suggest that despite the presence of functional TNFR2, TNFR1 associated with MAPK-dependent and -independent pathways is the primary signaling pathway involved in TNF alpha-induced synthetic functions in ASM cells.
Bell, NH, Morrison, NA, Nguyen, TV, Eisman, J & Hollis, BW 2001, 'Apa I polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor predict bone density of the lumbar spine and not racial difference in bone density in young men', Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 133-140.
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Ben-Nissan, B, Green, DD, Kannangara, GSK, Chai, CS & Milev, A 2001, 'P-31 NMR Studies of Diethyl Phosphite Derived Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite', Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 1/2, pp. 27-37.
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P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the structure of the intermediate species of sol derived from triethyl phosphite, calcium diethoxide and acetic acid. NMR spectral data revealed that the reaction proceeds via a dialkyl phosphite intermediate. The use of a dialkyl phosphite precursor (diethyl phosphite) with calcium diethoxide eliminated the aging time required in triethylphosphite method and offered an effective sol-gel procedure for monophasic hydroxyapatite.
Chakraverty, S & Wright, J 2001, 'Adverse events in British hospitals. 'Errors meetings' in radiology did not identify errors leading to complaints and litigation.', BMJ, vol. 322, no. 7299, pp. 1425-1426.
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Craig, AR, Bartrop, R, Lal, SKL, Henderson, RJ, Hart, M & Hunyor, S 2001, 'Optimizing blood pressure reduction: predicting success in the home environment', Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 33-40.
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AbstractTransferring skills to non‐clinic contexts remains a challenge for clinical psychologists. Research is needed that investigates strategies of transferring clinic skills as well as factors that are associated with successful transfer. This paper presents research that involved training clients to reduce blood pressure (BP) in the home environment and isolating factors related to successful BP reduction. Subjects diagnosed with mild hypertension participated in a controlled trial investigating the efficacy of continuous BP feedback in helping to reduce systolic BP in the clinic and home environment. While the benefits of learning BP feedback in the clinic was not shown to be beneficial over a control, training in the home environment was shown to reduce BP significantly in comparison to controls. Factors shown to be associated consistently and reliably with reduction of BP in the home were those that involved beliefs or expectations of self‐control. Expectations (self‐efficacy) and an internal locus of control consistently predicted the ability to reduce both systolic and diastolic BP in the home environment. Implications for the behavioural treatment of hypertension are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cranfield, CG, Wood, AW, Anderson, V & Menezes, KG 2001, 'Effects of mobile phone type signals on calcium levels within human leukaemic T-cells (Jurkat cells)', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY, vol. 77, no. 12, pp. 1207-1217.
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Endo, MM, Barbour, PS, Barton, DC, Fisher, J, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Stone, MH 2001, 'Comparative wear and wear debris under three different counterface conditions of crosslinked and non-crosslinked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 23-35.
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The wear debris generated from ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) have been recognised as one of the major causes of failure in total hip replacements (THR). It is essential to reduce the wear debris generated from UHMWPE acetabular cups in order to minimise this problem. Debris in the submicron size range is believed to have greater osteolytic potential. It is now known that crosslinked UHMWPE acetabular cups have reduced volumetric wear rates but little is known about the influence of crosslinking on the size and morphology of the wear debris. In this study, the wear of grade GUR 1020 crosslinked (vacuum gamma irradiated), GUR 1120 crosslinked (acetylene enhanced irradiated) and non cross linked (ethylene oxide sterilised) GUR 1020 UHMWPE was compared in multidirectional pin-on-plate wear tests under three different counterface conditions (smooth, isotropically rough and scratched counterfaces). Multidirectional motion was chosen because this motion was closer to the relative motion in the natural hip. From this study, better wear resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE compared with non-crosslinked UHMWPE was demonstrated for the smooth counterface conditions. However, in the rough and scratched counterface conditions, the vacuum gamma irradiated crosslinked material produced significantly higher wear rates than the non-crosslinked material. The analysis of the wear debris showed that the majority of the volume of the acetylene enhanced crosslinked UHMWPE wear debris was in the most biologically active size range (0.1 to 0.5 microm). In contrast, the non-crosslinked material and the vacuum gamma irradiated crosslinked material had a greater proportion of the volume of the debris in the larger size ranges which are less biologically active. This has important implications for its osteolytic potential.
Firkins, PJ, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Farrar, R & Fisher, J 2001, 'A novel low wearing differential hardness, ceramic-on-metal hip joint prosthesis', Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1291-1298.
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Firkins, PJ, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Farrar, R & Fisher, J 2001, 'Influence of simulator kinematics on the wear of metal-on-metal hip prostheses', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 119-121.
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There is now considerable interest in metal-on-metal bearings for hip prostheses. Extremely low wear rates (0.1 mm3/106 cycles) have been reported in some simulator studies, while in vivo studies, although still very low, have shown wear rates of the order of 1 mm3/106 cycles. The aim of this study was to compare wear rates of metal-on-metal bearings in two hip simulators with different kinematic inputs. In the simulator with three independent input motions which produced an open elliptical wear path with a low level of eccentricity, the wear rates were very low as recorded previously in other simulators. In the simulator with two input motions which produced an open elliptical wear path with greater eccentricity the wear rate was at least ten times higher and closer to clinical values. The motion and kinematic conditions in the contact are critical determinants of wear in metal-on-metal bearings.
Firkins, PJ, Tipper, JL, Saadatzadeh, MR, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Farrar, R & Fisher, J 2001, 'Quantitative analysis of wear and wear debris from metal-on-metal hip prostheses tested in a physiological hip joint simulator.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 143-157.
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Osteolysis and loosening of artificial joints caused by UHMWPE wear debris has prompted renewed interest in metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses. This study investigated the wear and wear debris morphology generated by MOM prostheses in a physiological anatomical hip simulator for different carbon content cobalt chrome alloys. The low carbon pairings demonstrated significantly higher 'bedding in' and steady state wear rates than the mixed and high carbon pairings. The in vitro wear rates reported here were up to one or two orders of magnitude lower than the clinical wear rates for first-generation MOM hip prostheses. Two methods for characterising the metal wear debris were developed, involving digestion, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The metal wear particles characterised by the two methods were similar in size, 25-36 nm, and comparable to particles isolated from periprosthetic tissues from first and second-generation MOM hip prostheses. Due to the small size of the metal particles, the number of particles generated per year for MOM prostheses in vitro was estimated to be up to 100 times higher than the number of polyethylene particles generated per year in vivo. The volumetric wear rates were affected by the carbon content of the cobalt chrome alloy and the material combinations used. However, particle size and morphology was not affected by method of particle characterisation, the carbon content of the alloy or material combination.
Gorrie, C, Duflou, J, Brown, J, Gibson, T & Waite, PME 2001, 'Extent and Distribution of Vascular Brain Injury in Pediatric Road Fatalities', Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 849-860.
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This study used a multidisciplinary approach to examine the brains of pediatric road trauma fatalities in the Sydney area over a 3-year period. The brains of 32 children (0-16 years) were examined: 20 pedestrians, nine passengers, and three cyclists. The
Grbich, C, Parker, D & Maddocks, I 2001, 'The Emotions and Coping Strategies of Caregivers of Family Members with a Terminal Cancer', Journal of Palliative Care, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 30-36.
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This study documents the emotional experiences and coping strategies of a group of caregivers as they move from the diagnosis of a close family member with terminal cancer through the stages of caring and post bereavement. Supportive evidence, matching that of previous literature, was gathered regarding the impact of such care, but additional findings counter the notion of “burden” by revealing that strong positive emotions were experienced by these caregivers regarding the opportunity given to them to express their love through care. By contrast and post bereavement, however, intense grief was reported. There appeared to be a complete lack of emotional support throughout from health professionals, particularly in the bereavement phase when need is very apparent.
Grbich, CF, Maddocks, I & Parker, D 2001, 'Family Caregivers, Their Needs, and Home-based Palliative Cancer Services', Journal of Family Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 171-188.
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Harris, M, Hauser, S, Nguyen, TV, Kelly, PJ, Rodda, C, Morton, J, Freezer, N, Strauss, BJG, Eisman, JA & Walker, JL 2001, 'Bone mineral density in prepubertal asthmatics receiving corticosteroid treatment', Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 67-71.
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Objective: To examine whether bone mass is reduced in prepubertal, asthmatics receiving high doses of inhaled corticosteroids. Methodology: A cross‐sectional comparison of lumbar spine‐bone mineral density (LS‐BMD) was undertaken in 76 subjects after stratifying them according to dosage and administration route of corticosteroid. Results: Weight was the only independent predictor of LS‐BMD (r2 = 0.38). Children receiving greater than 800 μg/day of inhaled corticosteroid plus intermittent oral corticosteroid had a significantly lower weight‐adjusted LS‐BMD than children treated with 400–800 μg/day of inhaled corticosteroid (mean difference: 0.06 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval (CI): – 0.02 to – 0.10). A significant difference in weight‐adjusted LS‐BMD persisted when all children receiving greater than 800 μg/day of inhaled corticosteroid, irrespective of additional oral corticosteroid treatment, were compared with children receiving 400–800 μg/day of inhaled corticosteroid (mean difference: – 0.05 g/cm2, 95%CI interval: –0.02 to – 0.09). Bone mass was similar in children not receiving any inhaled corticosteroid and those treated with 400–800 μg/day of inhaled corticosteroid. Conclusions: A reduced bone mass in prepubertal asthmatic children receiving high doses of inhaled corticosteroids may predetermine a compromised peak bone mass and increase osteoporotic fracture risk in adulthood.
Heczko, U, Carthy, CM, O'Brien, BA & Finlay, BB 2001, 'Decreased Apoptosis in the Ileum and Ileal Peyer's Patches: a Feature after Infection with Rabbit Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O103', Infection and Immunity, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 4580-4589.
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ABSTRACT Significant changes occur in intestinal epithelial cells after infection with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). However, it is unclear whether this pathogen alters rates of apoptosis. By using a naturally occurring weaned rabbit infection model, we determined physiological levels of apoptosis in rabbit ileum and ileal Peyer's patches (PP) and compared them to those found after infection with adherent rabbit EPEC (REPEC O103). Various REPEC O103 strains were first tested in vitro for characteristic virulence features. Rabbits were then inoculated with the REPEC O103 strains that infected cultured cells the most efficiently. After experimental infection, intestinal samples were examined by light and electron microscopy. Simultaneously, ileal apoptosis was assessed by using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase 3 assays and by apoptotic cell counts based on morphology (hematoxylin-and-eosin staining). The highest physiological apoptotic indices were measured in PP germinal centers (median = 14.7%), followed by PP domed villi (8.1%), tips of absorptive villi (3.8%), and ileal crypt regions (0.5%). Severe infection with REPEC O103 resulted in a significant decrease in apoptosis in PP germinal centers (determined by TUNEL assay; P = 0.01), in the tips of ileal absorptive villi (determined by H&E staining; P = 0.04), and in whole ileal cell lysates (determined by caspase 3 assay; P = 0.001). We concluded that REPEC O103 does not promote apoptosis. Furthermore, we cannot rule out the possibility that REPEC O103, in fact, decreases apoptotic levels in the rabbit ileum.
Howling, GI, Barnett, PI, Tipper, JL, Stone, MH, Fisher, J & Ingham, E 2001, 'Quantitative characterization of polyethylene debris isolated from periprosthetic tissue in early failure knee implants and early and late failure Charnley hip implants', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 415-420.
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AbstractThis study isolated and characterized UHMWPE particles from 3 explant groups: early Charnley hip failures (ECE; < 10 years), late Charnley hip failures (LCE; > 10 years) and early knee failures (EKE; < 10 years). Debris isolated from the 3 groups had percentage particle number and percentage volumetric concentration distributions that were not significantly different. The greatest number of particles were found in the 0.1–0.5 μm size range and 19–20.6% of the volumetric concentration was below 1 μm in size in all groups. However, there were significant differences in the total volumetric concentration of debris isolated per g of tissue. LCE had significantly higher volumes of debris than ECE and EKE, there was no significant difference in the volume of debris from the EKE and ECE. The mean aspect ratio and mean irregularity ratio of the LCE group were also significantly higher than the ECE and EKE, suggesting that different wear mechanisms were occurring in the late Charnley group compared to the early Charnley and knee groups. These results also suggest that early knees, with normal surface wear, may have similar wear mechanisms to early Charnley hips and indicate that similar volumes of biologically active micrometer and sub‐micrometer UHMWPE particles were produced. This may have important implications in the longer‐term outcome of total knee arthroplasties, because it indicates a similar potential for osteolysis induced by wear debris. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 415–420, 2001
Hu, J, Russell, JJ, Ben-Nissan, B & Vago, R 2001, 'Production and Analysis of Hydroxyapatite fromAustralian Corals Via Hydrothermal Process', Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 85-87.
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Humphrey, RK, Smith, MS, Kwok, J, Si, Z, Tuch, BE & Simpson, AM 2001, 'In vitro Dedifferentiation of Fetal Porcine Pancreatic Tissue prior to Transplantation as Islet-Like Cell Clusters', Cells Tissues Organs, vol. 168, no. 3, pp. 158-169.
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The fetal porcine pancreas under experimental conditions can be transplanted in the form of explants or islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) to normalize blood glucose levels in diabetic recipients. ICCs are released from the collagenase-digested pancreas and require a 4- to 5-day culture period for their complete formation. In order to maximize insulin producing β cell differentiation following transplantation, an understanding of ICC development is essential to utilize this alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes. In this study a role is proposed for exocrine cells in the generation of the multipotent pancreatic precursor cells during the culture period. Acinar cells undergo dedifferentiation during the initial stages of the culture<i></i>period into multipotent pancreatic precusor cells, previously called protodifferentiated cells. The progressive loss of exocrine differentiation appears to involve rapid degranulation of zymogen granules by exocytosis and loss of the prominent secretory apparatus. These processes occur in parallel with a significant reduction in the expression of lipase in the period from day 0 to day 5 and simultaneously there is an increase in the epithelioid/ductal cell marker, cytokeratin 20. Using proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cell proliferation during the culture period does not appear to account for the increase in epithelioid/ductal cells. Further the rates of apoptosis and necrosis which were identified using the TUNEL technique and propidium iodide, respectively, do not appear to account for the reduction in exocrine cell numbers. Exocrine cell dedifferentiation appears to increase the pool of protodifferentiated cells which have the potential to develop into the insulin-producing β-cell population following transplantation into the diabetic recipient
Hutvágner, G, Bánfalvi, Z, Milánkovics, I, Silhavy, D, Polgár, Z, Horváth, S, Wolters, P & Nap, J-P 2001, 'Molecular markers associated with leptinine production are located on chromosome 1 in Solanum chacoense', Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol. 102, no. 6-7, pp. 1065-1071.
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Leptines of Solanum chacoense are effective natural deterrents against the Colorado potato beetle. Leptines are the acetylated forms of the glycoalkaloids solanine and chaconine and are supposed to be synthesised via hydroxylated derivatives, called leptinines. Inheritance of leptinine production was studied in crosses of closely related S. chacoense genotypes. The segregation data supported a single-gene model for the inheritance of leptinine production. In the segregating F1 population of a S. chacoense cross, AFLP, RFLP and RAPD markers segregating with the leptinine production have been identified. The locus involved in leptinine synthesis was localised to the short arm of chromosome 1 of the potato where a major QTL for solanidine production, and markers with tight linkage to leptine production, have been mapped before. Our data further support the previous finding that the short arm of chromosome 1 is involved in steroid alkaloid synthesis in potato, and suggest that the genes involved in leptinine and leptine production are tightly linked in S. chacoense.
Hutvágner, G, McLachlan, J, Pasquinelli, AE, Bálint, E, Tuschl, T & Zamore, PD 2001, 'A Cellular Function for the RNA-Interference Enzyme Dicer in the Maturation of the let-7 Small Temporal RNA', Science, vol. 293, no. 5531, pp. 834-838.
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The 21-nucleotide small temporal RNA (stRNA) let-7 regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans and probably in other bilateral animals. We present in vivo and in vitro evidence that in Drosophila melanogaster a developmentally regulated precursor RNA is cleaved by an RNA interference-like mechanism to produce mature let-7 stRNA. Targeted destruction in cultured human cells of the messenger RNA encoding the enzyme Dicer, which acts in the RNA interference pathway, leads to accumulation of the let-7 precursor. Thus, the RNA interference and stRNA pathways intersect. Both pathways require the RNA-processing enzyme Dicer to produce the active small-RNA component that represses gene expression.
Im, D-S, Heise, CE, Nguyen, T, O'Dowd, BF & Lynch, KR 2001, 'Identification of a Molecular Target of Psychosine and Its Role in Globoid Cell Formation', The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 153, no. 2, pp. 429-434.
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Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is characterized histopathologically by apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, progressive demyelination, and the existence of large, multinuclear (globoid) cells derived from perivascular microglia. The glycosphingolipid, psychosine (d-galactosyl-β-1,1′ sphingosine), accumulates to micromolar levels in GLD patients who lack the degradative enzyme galactosyl ceramidase. Here we document that an orphan G protein–coupled receptor, T cell death–associated gene 8, is a specific psychosine receptor. Treatment of cultured cells expressing this receptor with psychosine or structurally related glycosphingolipids results in the formation of globoid, multinuclear cells. Our discovery of a molecular target for psychosine suggests a mechanism for the globoid cell histology characteristic of GLD, provides a tool with which to explore the disjunction of mitosis and cytokinesis in cell cultures, and provides a platform for developing a medicinal chemistry for psychosine.
Kennedy, PJ & Osborn, T 2001, 'A Model of Gene Expression and Regulation in an Artificial Cellular Organism', Complex Systems, vol. 13, no. 1.
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Gene expression and regulation may be viewed as a parallel parsing algorithm---translation from a genomic language to a phenotype. We describe a model of gene expression and regulation based on the operon model of Jacob and Monod. Operons are groups of genes regulated in the same way. An artificial cellular metabolism expresses operons encoded on a genome in a parallel genomic language. This is accomplished using an abstract entity called a spider. A genetic algorithm is used to evolve the simulated cells to adapt to a simple environment. Genomes are subjected to recombination, mutation, and inversion operators. Observations from this experiment suggest four areas to explore: dynamic environments for the evolution of regulation, advantages of time lags inherent in the expression algorithm, sensitivity of our genomic language, and noncoding regions on the genome. Issues relating to the application of the expression model to evolutionary computation are discussed.
Koo, KLK, Ammit, AJ, Tran, VH, Duke, CC & Roufogalis, BD 2001, 'Gingerols and Related Analogues Inhibit Arachidonic Acid-Induced Human Platelet Serotonin Release and Aggregation', Thrombosis Research, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 387-397.
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Krymskaya, VP, Ammit, AJ, Hoffman, RK, Eszterhas, AJ & Panettieri, RA 2001, 'Activation of class IA PI3K stimulates DNA synthesis in human airway smooth muscle cells', American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol. 280, no. 5, pp. L1009-L1018.
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The precise mechanisms that regulate increases in airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass in asthma are unknown. This study determined whether class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is sufficient to stimulate DNA synthesis and characterized the PI3K isoforms expressed in human ASM cells. ASM cells express class IA, II, and III PI3K but not class IB. Because thrombin induces ASM cell proliferation, we investigated whether thrombin can stimulate class IA PI3K. Transient transfection of ASM cells with hemagglutinin-tagged p85 PI3K followed by immunostaining revealed that in quiescent cells, p85 was expressed diffusely in the cytoplasm and after stimulation with thrombin p85 translocated to the cell membrane. Microinjection of ASM cells with a dominant negative class IA PI3K inhibited thrombin-induced DNA synthesis by 30% and epidermal growth factor (EGF)- or serum-induced DNA synthesis by 13 and 28%, respectively ( P < 0.05 by χ2 analysis). In parallel experiments, transfection or microinjection of cells with constitutively active PI3K markedly increased DNA synthesis in transfected cells 10.5-fold and in microinjected cells 12.7-fold ( P < 0.05 by χ2 analysis) compared with cells transfected or microinjected with control plasmid. Interestingly, constitutively active PI3K augmented EGF-induced DNA synthesis but had little effect on that induced by serum or thrombin in ASM cells. Collectively, these data suggest that class IA PI3K is activated by thrombin and is sufficient to induce ASM cell growth.
Lau, YH, Braun, M & Hutton, BF 2001, 'Non-rigid image registration using a median-filtered coarse-to-fine displacement field and a symmetric correlation ratio', Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1297-1319.
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Conventional approaches to image registration are generally limited to image-wide rigid transformations. However, the body and its internal organs are non-rigid structures that change shape due to changes in the body's posture during image acquisition, and due to normal, pathological and treatment-related variations. Inter-subject matching also constitutes a non-rigid registration problem. In this paper, we present a fully automated non-rigid image registration method that maximizes a local voxel-based similarity metric. Overlapping image blocks are defined on a 3D grid. The transformation vector field representing image deformation is found by translating each block so as to maximize the local similarity measure. The resulting sparsely sampled vector field is median filtered and interpolated by a Gaussian function to ensure a locally smooth transformation. A hierarchical strategy is adopted to progressively establish local registration associated with image structures at diminishing scale. Simulation studies were carried out to evaluate the proposed algorithm and to determine the robustness of various voxel-based cost functions. Mutual information, normalized mutual information, correlation ratio (CR) and a new symmetric version of CR were evaluated and compared. A T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image was used to test intra-modality registration. Proton density and T2-weighted MR images of the same subject were used to evaluate inter-modality registration. The proposed algorithm was tested on the 2D MR images distorted by known deformations and 3D images simulating inter-subject distortions. We studied the robustness of cost functions with respect to image sampling. Results indicate that the symmetric CR gives comparable registration to mutual information in intra- and inter-modality tasks at full sampling and is superior to mutual information in registering sparsely sampled images.
Lavian, T, Wang, P, Travostino, F, Subramanian, S, Hoang, D, Sethaput, V & Culler, D 2001, 'Enabling active flow manipulation in silicon-based network forwarding engines', Journal of Communications and Networks, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 78-87.
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Lee, DK, George, SR, Cheng, R, Nguyen, T, Liu, Y, Brown, M, Lynch, KR & O’Dowd, BF 2001, 'Identification of four novel human G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the brain', Molecular Brain Research, vol. 86, no. 1-2, pp. 13-22.
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We report the discovery and tissue distributions of four novel human genes, GPR61, GPR62, GPR63 and GPR77, all of which encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPR61 was discovered in a search of the patent literature which retrieved a rabbit DNA sequence partially encoding a novel GPCR. This sequence was used to obtain a full-length human cDNA encoding GPR61, a receptor of 417 amino acid length. A search of the GenBank genomic sequence databases revealed three previously unrecognized intronless genes encoding the orphan GPCrs (oGPCRs) GPR62, GPR63 and GPR77, with respective amino acid lengths of 368, 419 and 337. Sequence analysis revealed that GPR61 and GPR62, and a published orphan receptor p47MNR, shared the highest level of identities to each other, ranging from 36 to 45% in the transmembrane (TM) domains. Together, these three oGPCRs appear to comprise a novel subfamily of GPCRs, most closely related to the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor. Sequence analysis of GPR63 and GPR77 revealed highest sequence identities in the TM regions with the oGPCR PSP24 (58%) and the anaphylatoxin C5a receptor (49%) respectively. Tissue distribution analyses detected the expression of all four novel genes in the human brain. GPR61 mRNA expression was detected in the caudate, putamen and thalamus of human brain, with a more widespread expression pattern in rat brain, with mRNA signals in areas of the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. GPR62 mRNA expression was detected in the basal forebrain, frontal cortex, caudate, putamen, thalamus and hippocampus. GPR63 mRNA expression was detected in the frontal cortex, with lower levels in the thalamus, caudate, hypothalamus and midbrain. Analysis of GPR77 mRNA expression revealed signals in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus with high transcript levels in the liver. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
Lee, DK, Nguyen, T, Lynch, KR, Cheng, R, Vanti, WB, Arkhitko, O, Lewis, T, Evans, JF, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2001, 'Discovery and mapping of ten novel G protein-coupled receptor genes', Gene, vol. 275, no. 1, pp. 83-91.
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We report the identification, cloning and tissue distributions of ten novel human genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR78, GPR80, GPR81, GPR82, GPR93, GPR94, GPR95, GPR101, GPR102, GPR103 and a pseudogene, ψGPR79. Each novel orphan GPCR (oGPCR) gene was discovered using customized searches of the GenBank high-throughput genomic sequences database with previously known GPCR-encoding sequences. The expressed genes can now be used in assays to determine endogenous and pharmacological ligands. GPR78 shared highest identity with the oGPCR gene GPR26 (56% identity in the transmembrane (TM) regions). ψGPR79 shared highest sequence identity with the P2Y2 gene and contained a frame-shift truncating the encoded receptor in TM5, demonstrating a pseudogene. GPR80 shared highest identity with the P2Y1 gene (45% in the TM regions), while GPR81, GPR82 and GPR93 shared TM identities with the oGPCR genes HM74 (70%), GPR17 (30%) and P2Y5 (40%), respectively. Two other novel GPCR genes, GPR94 and GPR95, encoded a subfamily with the genes encoding the UDP-glucose and P2Y12 receptors (sharing >50% identities in the TM regions). GPR101 demonstrated only distant identities with other GPCR genes and GPR102 shared identities with GPR57, GPR58 and PNR (35-42% in the TM regions). GPR103 shared identities with the neuropeptide FF 2, neuropeptide Y2 and galanin GalR1 receptors (34-38% in the TM regions). Northern analyses revealed GPR78 mRNA expression in the pituitary and placenta and GPR81 expression in the pituitary. A search of the GenBank databases with the GPR82 sequence retrieved an identical sequence in an expressed sequence tag (EST) partially encoding GPR82 from human colonic tissue. The GPR93 sequence retrieved an identical, human EST sequence from human primary tonsil B-cells and an EST partially encoding mouse GPR93 from small intestinal tissue. GPR94 was expressed in the frontal cortex, caudate putamen and thalamus of brain while GPR95 was expressed in the huma...
LIM, SAM, TOMITA, K, CARRAMORI, G, JATAKANON, A, OLIVER, B, KELLER, A, ADCOCK, IAN, CHUNG, KF & BARNES, PJ 2001, 'Low-dose Theophylline Reduces Eosinophilic Inflammation but Not Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Mild Asthma', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 273-276.
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Liu, GJ, Simpson, AM & Martin, DK 2001, 'Glucose Activates K-atp Signaling Pathways In The Insulin Secreting Liver Cell Lin Hepg2ins/g', Molecular Biology Of The Cell, vol. 12, no. 0, pp. 1-1.
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Madland, G, Newton-John, T & Feinmann, C 2001, 'Chronic idiopathic orofacial pain: 1: What is the evidence base?', BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL, vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 22-24.
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Marsh, DJ & Stratakis, CA 2001, 'Hamartoma and Lentiginosis Syndromes: Clinical and Molecular Aspects', GENETIC DISORDERS OF ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA, vol. 28, pp. 167-213.
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Mazzanti, M, Valenzuela, S, Tonini, R, Qui, MR, Warton, K, Musgrove, E, Campbell, TJ & Fairle, D 2001, 'The Nuclear Chloride Ion Channel Ncc27 Is Involved In Regulation Of The Cell Cycle', Biophysical Journal, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Miao, X, Ruys, AJ & Milthorpe, BK 2001, 'Hydroxyapatite-316L fibre composites prepared by vibration assisted slip casting', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, vol. 36, no. 13, pp. 3323-3332.
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To prepare hydroxyapatite (HA, or HAp)-stainless steel 316L fibre composites with up to 30 vol% 316L fibres (sim1 mm long and 50 mgrm in diameter), slip casting assisted by vibration (frequency: sim55 Hz; amplitude: sim5 mm) was carried out, followed by both cold isostatic pressing (CIPing) and hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). With the addition of around 0.5 wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-cmc), solids loadings up to 44 vol% were obtained in calcined HA powder-derived slips, which were castable only under the vibration. The slips were concentrated and viscous so that the preferential sedimentation of the dense and large 316L fibres could be avoided. Subsequent CIPing was able to increase the relative density of the cast and dried green compacts from 46% after casting to 60% after CIPing. With the dense and uniform green compacts of the HA-316L mixtures, final HIPing at 950 °C resulted in HA-316L fibre composites of 99% relative density. The HA-316L fibre composites had improved fracture toughness of 3.6 ± 0.3 MPa.m0.5, due to the bridging effect of the ductile 316L fibres. However, the mechanical strength of the composites was limited by the presence of residual thermal stresses and circumferential microcracks. The HA-316L fibre composites were biocompatible and exhibited favourable bone-bonding characteristics.
Milthorpe, B & Cooley, M 2001, 'Special issue - Cytometry on the reef: Proceedings of the 2nd Sam Latt Conference, Hamilton Island, Australia - Introduction', CYTOMETRY, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 163-163.
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Newton-John, T, Ashmore, J & McDowell, M 2001, 'Early Intervention in Acute Back Pain', Physiotherapy, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 397-401.
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Disability related to chronic back pain has been identified as one of the major medical and social problems of current times. There is substantial evidence that pain management programmes based on cognitive behavioural principles are effective in terms of improving physical function and psychological well-being for long-term back pain sufferers (Morley et al, 1999). However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of pain management with patients in the early phases of the condition, before many of the problems associated with chronic pain have developed. A project was therefore designed in order to determine whether the provision of a pain management intervention during the acute phase of back pain would help prevent the development of chronic disability. For a variety of reasons this study did not proceed, and the aim of this article is to outline the pitfalls that were encountered in setting up such a study. It is hoped that future clinicians/researchers might benefit from our hindsight.
Nguyen, T, Shapiro, DA, George, SR, Setola, V, Lee, DK, Cheng, R, Rauser, L, Lee, SP, Lynch, KR, Roth, BL & O'Dowd, BF 2001, 'Discovery of a Novel Member of the Histamine Receptor Family', Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 427-433.
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We report the discovery, tissue distribution and pharmacological characterization of a novel receptor, which we have named H4. Like the three histamine receptors reported previously (H1, H2, and H3), the H4 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor and is most closely related to the H3 receptor, sharing 58% identity in the transmembrane regions. The gene encoding the H4 receptor was discovered initially in a search of the GenBank databases as sequence fragments retrieved in a partially sequenced human genomic contig mapped to chromosome 18. These sequences were used to retrieve a partial cDNA clone and, in combination with genomic fragments, were used to determine the full-length open reading frame of 390 amino acids. Northern analysis revealed a 3.0-kb transcript in rat testis and intestine. Radioligand binding studies indicated that the H4 receptor has a unique pharmacology and binds [3H]histamine (Kd = 44 nM) and [3H]pyrilamine(Kd = 32 nM) and several psychoactive compounds (amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, cyproheptadine, mianserin) with moderate affinity (Ki range of 33-750 nM). Additionally, histamine induced a rapid internalization of HA-tagged H4 receptors in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells.
Nguyen, TV 2001, 'Adverse events in British hospitals', BMJ, vol. 322, no. 7299, pp. 1425-1425.
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Nguyen, TV 2001, 'Risk Factors for Proximal Humerus, Forearm, and Wrist Fractures in Elderly Men and Women The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 153, no. 6, pp. 587-595.
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Nguyen, TV & Sambrook, PN 2001, 'Clinical role of quantitative ultrasound in the assessment of osteoporosis in individual patients', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 174, no. 6, pp. 310-311.
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Nguyen, TV, Maynard, LM, Towne, B, Roche, AF, Wisemandle, W, Li, J, Guo, SS, Chumlea, WC & Siervogel, RM 2001, 'Sex Differences in Bone Mass Acquisition During Growth', Journal of Clinical Densitometry, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 147-157.
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Oliver, B, Tomita, K, Keller, A, Caramori, G, Adcock, I, Chung, KF, Barnes, PJ & Lim, S 2001, 'Low‐dose theophylline does not exert its anti‐inflammatory effects in mild asthma through upregulation of interleukin‐10 in alveolar macrophages', Allergy, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 1087-1090.
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Background: There is accumulating evidence that theophylline has anti‐inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects. This may be, in part, mediated via an upregulation in the production of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10. We determined whether low‐dose theophylline (LDT) would increase the production of IL‐10, and attenuate the production of proinflammatory cytokines by alveolar macrophages. Methods: In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study involving 15 steroid‐free patients with mild asthma, fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed at the end of the treatment and placebo periods. Alveolar macrophages were cultured in vitro, and we measured their release of IL‐10, GM‐CSF, and TNF‐α. We also measured IL‐10 production in whole blood together with the number of monocytes and T cells expressing intracellular IL‐10 by flow cytometry. Results: LDT did not increase the production of IL‐10, or attenuate the production of GM‐CSF or TNF‐α by alveolar macrophages. However, after theophylline treatment, there was a significant reduction in mean (SD) (95% CI) BAL eosinophil number from 3.4 (1.7)% (95% CI 2.4–4.4) to 1.7 (1.0)% (95% CI 1.1–2.3) compared with placebo (P<0.05). Similarly, there was no increase in whole‐blood IL‐10 release or in the number of monocytes and T cells expressing intracellular IL‐10 after treatment. Conclusions: LDT has an anti‐inflammatory effect in asthma; however, this effect is not mediated via the production of IL‐10 or the attenuation of GM‐CSF or TNF‐α. The mechanisms of theophylline activity remain to be determined.
Page, S, Ammit, AJ, Black, JL & Armour, CL 2001, 'Human mast cell and airway smooth muscle cell interactions: implications for asthma', American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol. 281, no. 6, pp. L1313-L1323.
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Asthma is characterized by inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling of the airway. Human mast cells (HMCs) play a central role in all of these changes by releasing mediators that cause exaggerated bronchoconstriction, induce human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation, and recruit and activate inflammatory cells. Moreover, the number of HMCs present on asthmatic HASM is increased compared with that on nonasthmatic HASM. HASM cells also have the potential to actively participate in the inflammatory process by synthesizing cytokines and chemokines and expressing surface molecules, which have the capacity to perpetuate the inflammatory mechanisms present in asthma. This review specifically examines how the mediators of HMCs have the capacity to modulate many functions of HASM; how the synthetic function of HASM, particularly through the release and expression of stem cell factor, has the potential to influence HMC number and activation in an extraordinarily potent and proinflammatory manner; and how these interactions between HMCs and HASM have potential consequences for airway structure and inflammation relevant to the disease process of asthma.
Parker, D, Grbich, C & Maddocks, I 2001, 'Financial Issues in Caring for Someone with Terminal Cancer at Home', Australian Journal of Primary Health, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 37-37.
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For the majority of patients with terminal cancer their preferred place of death is at home. Many factors determine this choice, in particular the availability of a carer, the patient's physical condition and adequate services. A factor often underestimated is the financial impact of caring for someone at home. This paper examines the financial concerns of carers of terminally ill cancer patients and whether current Australian health care policy is able to address these concerns. Two main categories of cost were identified, those related to the patients physical care needs and those that impacted on carer lifestyle. The current government allowances to assist carers in these costs are limited by carers either being unaware that the benefits existed or by the strict qualifying criteria that restrict access to those who care for the terminally ill.
Raftery, MJ, Yang, Z, Valenzuela, SM & Geczy, CL 2001, 'Novel Intra- and Inter-molecular Sulfinamide Bonds in S100A8 Produced by Hypochlorite Oxidation', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 276, no. 36, pp. 33393-33401.
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Hypochlorite is a major oxidant generated when neutrophils and macrophages are activated at inflammatory sites, such as in atherosclerotic lesions. Murine S100A8 (A8) is a major cytoplasmic protein in neutrophils and is secreted by macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli. After incubation with reagent HOCl for 10 min, ~85% of A8 was converted to 4 oxidation products, with electrospay ionization mass spectrometry masses of m/z 10354, 10388, 10354 ± 1, and 20707 ± 3. All were resistant to reduction by dithiothreitol. Initial formation of a reactive Cys sulfenic acid intermediate was demonstrated by the rapid conjugation of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (dimedone) to HOCl-treated A8 to form stable adducts. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-reflectron time of flight peptide mass fingerprinting of isolated oxidation products confirmed the mass additions observed in the full-length proteins. Both Met36/73 were converted to Met36/73 sulfoxides. An additional product with an unusual mass addition of m/z 14 (±0.2) was identified and corresponded to the addition of oxygen to Cys41, conjugation to various epsilon -amines of Lys6, Lys34/35, or Lys87 with loss of dihydrogen and formation of stable intra- or inter-molecular sulfinamide cross-links. Specific fragmentations identified in matrix-assisted laser desorption-post source decay spectra and low energy collisional-induced dissociation tandem mass spectroscopy spectra of sulfinamide-containing digest peptides confirmed Lys34/35 to Cys41 sulfinamide bonds. HOCl oxidation of mutants lacking Cys41 (Ala41S100A8) or specific Lys residues (e.g. Lys34/35, Ala34/35S100A8) did not form sulfinamide cross-links. HOCl generated by myeloperoxidase and H2O2 and by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated neutrophils also formed these products.
Ramsden, VS, Watterson, PA, Hunter, GP, Zhu, JG, Holliday, WM, Lovatt, HC, Wu, W, Kalan, BA, Collocott, SC, Dunlop, JB, Gwan, PB & Mecrow, BC 2001, 'High-performance electric machines for renewable energy generation and efficient drives', RENEWABLE ENERGY, vol. 22, no. 1-3, pp. 159-167.
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Rhodes, JC, Oliver, BG, Askew, DS & Amlung, TW 2001, 'Identification of genes of Aspergillus fumigatus up-regulated during growth on endothelial cells', Medical Mycology, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 253-260.
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Sivabalan, P 2001, 'E-trade - web-based trading between G-15 nations - the way forward', South-South Business Review, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 32-37.
Som, S, Hutton, B & Braun, M 2001, 'Optimising use of adaptive filtering and anatomical prior for SPECT reconstruction of clinical data', ANZ Nuclear Medicine, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 99-104.
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This paper reports results demonstrated from phantom and clinical studies, showing that the iterative minimum cross-entropy (MXE) technique, using adaptive filtering and anatomical information, improves the quality (noise and contrast) of SPECT reconstruction compared with maximum likelihood-expectation maximisation (ML-EM) technique. Suitable parameters for using adaptive filtering in the MXE reconstruction of clinical data were first determined. This demonstrated that combined anatomical and physiological information is acceptable for adaptive filtering in MXE reconstruction of clinical SPECT data. Using data obtained from brain images of 15 healthy volunteers, the two techniques are compared by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. SPM produces significant differences (p<0.001) in ventricle region, which correlates well with findings in region of interest (ROI) analysis.
Spence, SH, Sharpe, L, Newton-John, T & Champion, D 2001, 'An investigation of symptom-specific muscle hyperreactivity in upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder', CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 119-128.
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Tabiin, MT, Tuch, BE, Bai, L, Han, X-G & Simpson, AM 2001, 'Susceptibility of Insulin-secreting Hepatocytes to the Toxicity of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines', Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 229-242.
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The liver has been suggested as a suitable target organ for reversing type I diabetes by gene therapy. Whilst gene delivery systems to the hepatocyte have yet to be optimized in vivo, whether insulin-secreting hepatocytes are resistant to the autoimmune process that kills pancreatic -cells has never been addressed. One of the mechanisms by which -cells are killed in type I diabetes is by the release of the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interferon- (IFN-) by immune cells. To test the effect of the cytokines on insulin-secreting hepatocytes in vitro we exposed the betacyte, also called the HEP G2ins/g cell which possesses cytokine receptors and can synthesize, store and secrete insulin in a regulated fashion to a glucose stimulus, to the above mentioned cytokines for 14 days. Viability of the HEP G2ins/g cells was similar to that of other liver cell lines/primary cells which were more resistant to the cytokines than the -cell line NIT-1. The cytokines had no adverse effect for the first six days on insulin secretion, content and mRNA levels of the HEP G2ins/g cells and insulin secretion in response to 1-h exposure to 20 mM glucose was enhanced 14-fold. Our results indicate that genetically engineered hepatocytes and primary liver cells are more resistant than pancreatic -cells to the adverse effects of cytokines offering hope that insulin secreting hepatocytes in vivo made by gene therapy are less likely to be destroyed by cytokines released during autoimmune destruction.
Thornton, BS, Nguyen, HT, Hung, A, Hirst, C, Thornton-Benko, E & Langtry, T 2001, 'Breast Screening Outcomes: Communications Problems, Chaos Relationship and Control Theory', Canadian Applied Mathematics Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 377-401.
Tie, H, Walker, BD, Singleton, CB, Bursill, JA, Wyse, KR, Campbell, TJ, Valenzuela, SM & Breit, SN 2001, 'Clozapine and Sudden Death', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 630-632.
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Tipper, JL, Firkins, PJ, Besong, AA, Barbour, PSM, Nevelos, J, Stone, MH, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2001, 'Characterisation of wear debris from UHMWPE on zirconia ceramic, metal-on-metal and alumina ceramic-on-ceramic hip prostheses generated in a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator', Wear, vol. 250, no. 1-12, pp. 120-128.
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Törjék, O, Kiss, E, Mázik-Tőkei, K, Hutvágner, G, Silhavy, D, Bánfalvi, Z, Kertész, Z, Pauk, J & Heszky, L 2001, 'Comparative Molecular Analysis of Winter Wheat Cultivars and Their Doubled Haploid Derivatives', Cereal Research Communications, vol. 29, no. 1-2, pp. 41-48.
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Genetic stability of doubled haploid (DH) lines of androgenetic origin is the prerequisite of their breeding value. In our investigations GK Gobe: a traditional cultivar, GK Delibab: a cultivar of doubled haploid origin, various DH lines of GK Gobe (firs
Vo, L, Tuch, BE, Wright, DC, Keogh, GW, Roberts, S, Simpson, AM, Yao, M, Tabiin, MT, Valencia, SK & Scott, H 2001, 'LOWERING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE TO NONDIABETIC LEVELS IN A HYPERGLYCEMIC PIG BY ALLOGRAFTING OF FETAL PIG ISLETLIKE CELL CLUSTERS1', Transplantation, vol. 71, no. 11, pp. 1671-1677.
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Walker, BD, Tie, H, Singleton, C, Bursill, J, Wyse, KR, Bauskin, AR, Valenzuela, S, Wu, W, Breit, SN & Campbell, TJ 2001, 'Modification Of Herg Channel Properties Under Conditions Of Simulated Myocardial Ischemia', Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1-2.
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Wei, M, Ruys, AJ, Milthorpe, BK, Sorrell, CC & Evans, JH 2001, 'Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite coatings on metal substrates: A nanoparticulate dual-coating approach', JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 21, no. 1-2, pp. 39-48.
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Hydroxyapatite coatings can be readily deposited on metal substrates by electrophoretic deposition. However, subsequent sintering is highly problematic owing to the fact that temperatures in excess of 1100°C are required for commercial hydroxyapatite powders to achieve high density. Such temperatures damage the metal and induce metal-catalysed decomposition of the hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, the firing shrinkage of the hydroxyapatite coating on a constraining metal substrate leads to severe cracking. The present study has overcome these problems using a novel approach: the use of aged nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite sols (lower sintering temperature) and a dual coating strategy that overcomes the cracking problem. Dual layers of uncalcined hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder were electrophoretically coated on Ti, Ti6Al4V and 316L stainless steel metal substrates, sintered at 8751000°C, and characterised by SEM and XRD, and interfacial shear strength measurement. Dual coatings on stainless steel had an average high bond strength (about 23 MPa), and dual coatings on titanium and titanium alloy had moderate strengths (about 14 and 11 MPa, respectively), in comparison with the measured shear strength of bone (35 MPa). SEM and XRD demonstrated that the second layer blended seamlessly with the first and filled the cracks in the first. The superior result on stainless steel is attributed to a more appropriate thermal expansion match with hydroxyapatite, the thinner oxide layer, or a combination of these factors.
Zozulya, S, Echeverri, F & Nguyen, T 2001, 'The human olfactory receptor repertoire', Genome Biology, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. research0018.1-research0018.1.
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BACKGROUND: The mammalian olfactory apparatus is able to recognize and distinguish thousands of structurally diverse volatile chemicals. This chemosensory function is mediated by a very large family of seven-transmembrane olfactory (odorant) receptors encoded by approximately 1,000 genes, the majority of which are believed to be pseudogenes in humans. RESULTS: The strategy of our sequence database mining for full-length, functional candidate odorant receptor genes was based on the high overall sequence similarity and presence of a number of conserved sequence motifs in all known mammalian odorant receptors as well as the absence of introns in their coding sequences. We report here the identification and physical cloning of 347 putative human full-length odorant receptor genes. Comparative sequence analysis of the predicted gene products allowed us to identify and define a number of consensus sequence motifs and structural features of this vast family of receptors. A new nomenclature for human odorant receptors based on their chromosomal localization and phylogenetic analysis is proposed. We believe that these sequences represent the essentially complete repertoire of functional human odorant receptors. CONCLUSIONS: The identification and cloning of all functional human odorant receptor genes is an important initial step in understanding receptor-ligand specificity and combinatorial encoding of odorant stimuli in human olfaction.
Bell, J, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH & Fisher, J 1970, 'The influence of phospholipid concentration in protein-containing lubricants on the wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in artificial hip joints', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, SAGE Publications, pp. 259-263.
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There is considerable interest in the wear of polyethylene and the resulting wear-debrisinduced osteolysis in artificial hip joints. Proteins play an important role as boundary lubricants in vivo in the pseudosynovial fluid, and these are reproduced in in vitro tests through the use of bovine serum. Little is known, however, about the effect of phospholipid concentrations within proteinaceous solutions on the wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The effects of protein-containing lubricants with 0.05, 0.5 and 5 per cent (w/v) phosphatidyl choline concentrations on the wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were compared with 25 per cent (v/v) bovine serum which had 0.01 per cent (w/v) lipid; the effects were compared in a hip joint simulator with smooth (n = 4) and scratched (n = 3) femoral heads. The control bovine serum lubricant produced UHWMPE wear of 55 and 115mm3/106 cycles on the smooth and rough heads respectively. The increased phospholipid concentration significantly reduced the wear rate. At the higher concentration (5% w/v phosphatidyl choline) the average wear was reduced to less than 2 mm3/106 cycles. Even with the relatively low concentrations of 0.05% w/v phosphatidyl choline the wear was reduced by at least threefold compared with the bovine serum tests for both the smooth and rough femoral heads. There may be considerable differences in the phospholipid concentrations in patients' synovial fluid and this is highly likely to produce considerable variation in wear rates. In vitro, differences in the phospholipid concentration of lubricants may also cause variation in wear rates between different simulator tests.
Ben-Nissan, B, Russell, JJ, Hu, J, Milev, A, Green, D, Vago, R, Walsh, W & Conway, RM 1970, 'Comparison of surface morphology in sol-gel treated coralline hydroxyapatite structures for implant purposes', Key Engineering Materials, 13th Int. Symp. On Ceramics in Medicine, Trans tech Publications Ltd, Bologna, pp. 959-962.
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HAp derived from converted coral has been used as a bone graft substitute in orthopaedic surgery for nearly twenty years. After grafting it is desirable for bone ingrowth to occur as quickly as possible as the strength of the region which has been implanted is dependent on a good mechanical bond forming between the implant and the surrounding regions in the body. The rate at which ingrowth occurs is dependent on many factors, including the pore size and interconnectivity of the implanted structure. It is therefore necessary to develop a precise knowledge of the factors, which influence the microstructure and the pore size in the converted HAp structure. A specific Australian coral were used for analysis. A modified and improved hydrothermal conversion process was used to convert the corals from calcium carbonate to HAp. The effects of heat treatment and hydrothermal conversion on the pore size and the surface morphology of HAp structure have been studied using scanning electron microscopy. Samples after hydrothermal conversions were further dip-coated via an alkoxide sol-gel method were also examined to determine the morphology. The sol-gel/coralline hydroxyapatite interface and the mechanical properties have also been studied.
Fisher, J, Bell, J, Barbour, PSM, Tipper, JL, Mattews, JB, Besong, AA, Stone, MH & Ingham, E 1970, 'A novel method for the prediction of functional biological activity of polyethylene wear debris', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, SAGE Publications, pp. 127-132.
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The comparative performance of artificial hip joints has been extensively investigated in vitro through measurements of wear volumes. in vivo a major cause of long-term failure is wear-debris-induced osteolysis. These adverse biological reactions are not simply dependent on wear volume, but are also controlled by the size and volumetric concentration of the debris. A novel model is presented which predicts functional biological activity; this is determined by integrating the product of the biological activity function and the volumetric concentration function with the wear volume over the whole particle size range. This model combines conventional wear volume measurements with particle analysis and the output from in vitro cell culture studies to provide a new indicator of osteolytic potential. The application of the model is demonstrated through comparison of the functional biological activity of wear debris from polyethylene acetabular cups articulating under three different conditions in a hip joint simulator.
Ghevondian, N, Nguyen, HT & Colagiuri, S 1970, 'A novel fuzzy neural network estimator for predicting hypoglycaemia in insulin-induced subjects', 2001 Conference Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2001 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering n Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 1657-1660.
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Ha, QP, Trinh, HM, Zhu, J & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Dynamic output feedback on single link flexible manipulators', Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Robotics and Automation ACRA'01, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Sydney, pp. 7-12.
Hall, JP, King, MT, Louviere, JJ & De Abreu Lourenco, R 1970, 'Choice modelling: What do consumers value from carrier status screening? An application of choice modelling.', International Health Economics Association (iHEA) 3rd World Conference, York, UK.
Johnston, SF, Eager, DB, SOCIETY, IC, SOCIETY, IC & SOCIETY, IC 1970, 'Engineering as social and ethical practice: The role of new course accreditation requirements.', INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE, Stamford, Connecticut, USA, pp. 221-225.
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Kennedy, PJ & Osborn, T 1970, 'A double-stranded Encoding Scheme with inversion operator for Genetic Algorithms', Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, USA, pp. 398-407.
Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Optimal and stable fuzzy controllers for nonlinear systems subject to parameter uncertainties using genetic algorithm', 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 908-911.
Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE, IEEE, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Tuning of the structure and parameters of neural network using an improved genetic algorithm', IECON'01: 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-3, 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, DENVER, CO, pp. 25-30.
Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, KF, Leung, FHF, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'On interpretation of graffiti commands for eBooks using a neural network and an improved genetic algorithm', 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1464-1467.
Lavian, T, Wang, P, Travostino, F, Subramanian, S, Hoang, D & Sethaput, V 1970, 'Intelligent network services through active flow manipulation', IEEE Intelligent Network 2001 Workshop. IN 2001 Conference Record (Cat. No.01TH8566), IEEE Intelligent Network 2001 Workshop. IN 2001 Conference Record, IEEE, Boston, USA, pp. 73-82.
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A significant challenge in today's Internet is the ability to efficiently introduce intelligent network services into commercial high-performance network devices. This paper tackles the challenge by introducing the active flow manipulation (AFM) mechanism, a key enabling technology of the programmable networking platform Openet. AFM enhances the control functionality of network devices through programmability. With AFM, customer network services can exercise intelligent network control by identifying specific flows and applying particular actions thereby altering their behavior in real time. These services are dynamically deployed in the CPU-based control plane and are closely coupled with the silicon-based forwarding plane of the network node, without negatively impacting forwarding performance. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by several experimental applications on a commercial network node
Li, J, Ramamohanarao, K & Dong, G 1970, 'Combining the Strength of Pattern Frequency and Distance for Classification', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 455-466.
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Supervised classification involves many heuristics, including the ideas of decision tree, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), pattern frequency, neural network, and Bayesian rule, to base induction algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new instance-based induction algorithm which combines the strength of pattern frequency and distance. We define a neighbourhood of a test instance. If the neighbourhood contains training data, we use k-NN to make decisions. Otherwise, we examine the support (frequency) of certain types of subsets of the test instance, and calculate support summations for prediction. This scheme is intended to deal with outliers: when no training data is near to a test instance, then the distance measure is not a proper predictor for classification. We present an effective method to choose an "optimal" neighbourhood factor for a given data set by using a guidance from a partial training data. In this work, we find that our algorithm maintains (sometimes exceeds) the outstanding accuracy of k-NN on data sets containing pure continuous attributes, and that our algorithm greatly improves the accuracy of k-NN on data sets containing a mixture of continuous and categorical attributes. In general, our method is much superior to C5.0.
Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'A neural fuzzy network with optimal number of rules for short-term load forecasting in an intelligent home', 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1456-1459.
Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Daily load forecasting with a fuzzy-input-neural network in an intelligent home', 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 449-452.
Martinez-Coll, A & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Comparison of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal quantitation by multilinear regression and neural networks', 2001 Conference Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2001 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering n Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 1625-1628.
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Milthorpe, B & Cooley, M 1970, 'Introduction', Cytometry, Wiley, pp. 163-163.
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Nguyen, HT, Hung, A, Thornton, BS, Lee, WB, Rickard, MT & Berry, M 1970, 'Detection of stellates and masses in digitised mammograms', Proceedings of 23th Annual International Conference, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 23th Annual International Conference, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 0-0.
Nguyen, HT, Hung, WT, Thornton, BS, Lee, W, Rickard, M, Berry, MW, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Detection of stellates and masses in digitised mammograms', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4, 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, IEEE, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 2709-2711.
Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Application of the Evolutionary Algorithms for Classifier Selection in Multiple Classifier Systems with Majority Voting', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 399-408.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001. In many pattern recognition tasks, an approach based on combining classifiers has shown a significant potential gain in comparison to the performance of an individual best classifier. This improvement turned out to be subject to a sufficient level of diversity exhibited among classifiers, which in general can be assumed as a selective property of classifier subsets. Given a large number of classifiers, an intelligent classifier selection process becomes a crucial issue of multiple classifier system design. In this paper, we have investigated three evolutionary optimization methods for the classifier selection task. Based on our previous studies of various diversity measures and their correlation with majority voting error we have adopted majority voting performance computed for the validation set directly as a fitness function guiding the search. To prevent from training data overfitting we extracted a population of best unique classifier combinations, and used them for second stage majority voting. In this work we intend to show empirically, that using efficient evolutionary-based selection leads to the results comparable to absolutely best, found exhaustively. Moreover, as we showed for selected datasets, introducing a second stage combining by majority voting has the potential for both, further improvement of the recognition rate and increase of the reliability of combined outputs.
Sivabalan, P 1970, 'Project/Capital Evaluation'.
Sivabalan, P & Booth, PJ 1970, 'The impact of management accounting information systems on e-business: An exploratory study', School of Accounting Seminar Series, Queensland University of Technology.
Stewart, T, Tipper, J, Streicher, R, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Long-term wear of HIPed alumina on alumina bearings for THR under microseparation conditions', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 16th Conference of the European-Society-for-Biomaterials, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, LONDON, ENGLAND, pp. 1053-1056.
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Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Brinsmead, TS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Constant disturbance suppression for nonlinear systems design using singular perturbation theory', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5, IEEE, Orlando, USA, pp. 3272-3277.
Xiaomei Yu, Hoang, DB & Dagan Feng 1970, 'A QoS control protocol for rate-adaptive video traffic', Proceedings. Ninth IEEE International Conference on Networks, ICON 2001., Ninth IEEE International Conference on Networks. ICON 2001, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 434-438.
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In this paper, we present an application layer quality of service (QoS) control protocol (QCP), which employs an additive-increase bandwidth feedback algorithm. The protocol enhances the communication between end nodes and "the network" by a QoS packet sent from the source for per n video frames. The destination calculates the delay jitter, throughput for per QoS interval, and sends a backward QoS packet to the source. Upon the receipt of a QoS packet, the source use the delay and the bandwidth contained in the QoS packet to adjusts its sending rate. The protocol is well suited for real-time rate-adaptive video streams. The primary goal is to be easy to implement and provide an efficient application layer QoS control. Through extensive simulations, we conclude that the protocol could be able to control the jitter, delay and loss very efficiently. © 2001 IEEE.
Yu, XM, Hoang, DB, Feng, DD, HKCSP, I & HKCSP, I 1970, 'An allocation algorithm for transporting compressed video', PROCEEDINGS OF 2001 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT MULTIMEDIA, VIDEO AND SPEECH PROCESSING, International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, IEEE, Hong Kong, pp. 137-140.
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n this paper, we proposed a novel weight-based bandwidth allocation algorithm (WBA) for transporting compressed video traffic using feedback. Extensive simulation using a modified NIST simulator is conducted to evaluate its performance under a general weight-based share policy. Our results demonstrate that the WBA algorithm is capable of allocating bandwidth fairly for the minimum cell rate (MCR) plus weighted allocation fairness criteria among competitive compressed video sources, and is capable of reallocating smoothly when there are renegotiations of the minimum guaranteed cell rate and weight by some connections. We also show that WBA algorithm is flexible for the reallocation when a new connection is admitted. Furthermore, when unutilized network bandwidth becomes available, our algorithm is capable of exploiting it to dynamically allocate unused bandwidth
Yu, XM, Hoang, DB, Feng, DD, HKCSP, I & HKCSP, I 1970, 'PCR-based fair intelligent bandwidth allocation for rate adaptive video traffic', PROCEEDINGS OF 2001 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT MULTIMEDIA, VIDEO AND SPEECH PROCESSING, International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, IEEE Press, Hong Kong, pp. 141-145.
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In this paper, we propose a network bandwidth sharing algorithm, Peak Cell Rate (PCR)-based Fair Intelligent Bandwidth Allocation (PFIBA) for transporting rate-adaptive video traffic using feedback, and report on its performance under a general PCR-based share policies. Through extensive simulations, we obtained following results. The PFIBA algorithm is capable of allocating bandwidth fairly for the minimum cell rate (MCR) plus PCR-proportional fairness criteria among competitive rate-adaptive video sources, is capable to reallocate smoothly when there are renegotiations of the minimum guaranteed cell rate or PCR by some connections, is able to reallocate smoothly when a new connection is admitted, and is able to reallocate smoothly when a connection is throttled somewhere earlier along the connection path. Furthermore, we show the algorithm prevents congestion, especially during the initial periods when buffer queues can build up significantly
Yu, XM, Hoang, DB, Feng, DG, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'A novel QoS feedback control for supporting compressed video', GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Globecom, IEEE Press, pp. 2484-2488.
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