Abbey, J, Piller, N, Bellis, AD, Esterman, A, Parker, D, Giles, L & Lowcay, B 2004, 'The Abbey pain scale: a 1-minute numerical indicator for people with end-stage dementia', International Journal of Palliative Nursing, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 6-13.
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The need for a specialized clinical regimen for patients with dementia who require palliative care has only recently been recognized. Structured approaches to palliative care are not well developed. The recognition and treatment of pain is an important part of this management task. However, pain is consistently underdiagnosed and undertreated in this population. A factor contributing to this has been a lack of appropriate tools to help recognize and document pain. This study sought to develop and validate an easy-to-use pain scale for use in residential aged care homes. The tool was developed with residents with end- or late-stage dementia who were unable to articulate their needs, identified by the registered nurses who knew them. Results showed that following pain-relief intervention the average pain score recorded using the scale fell by more than half. A paired Student’s t-test showed the reduction to be highly significant (P<0.001). Validity and internal reliability, assessed by calculating Gamma and Cronbach’s alpha, were found to be satisfactory. Qualitative evidence gathered from users of the scale indicated that it was considered a useful clinical device that could be completed within 1 minute. Further analysis of the use of the scale in clinical settings, testing of inter-rater reliability and examination of the limitations found in this study will commence early in 2004.
Ben-Nissan, B 2004, 'Nanoceramics in biomedical applications', MRS Bulletin, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 28-32.
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An improved understanding of the interactions at the nanoscale level between the bioceramics in medical implants and the hard or soft tissues in the human body could contribute significantly to the design of new-generation prostheses and postoperative patient management strategies. Overall, the benefits of advanced ceramic materials in biomedical applications have been universally accepted, specifically in terms of their strength, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and wear resistance in articulating joints. The continuous development of new-generation implants utilizing nanocoatings with novel nanosensors and devices is leading to better compatibility with human tissue and improved well-being and longevity for patients. This article gives a short overview of bioceramics and reexamines key issues of concern for processing and applying nanoceramics as biomaterials.
Ben-Nissan, B 2004, 'Nanoceramics in Biomedical Applications', MRS Bulletin, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 28-32.
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AbstractAn improved understanding of the interactions at the nanoscale level between the bioceramics in medical implants and the hard or soft tissues in the human body could contribute significantly to the design of new-generation prostheses and postoperative patient management strategies.Overall, the benefits of advanced ceramic materials in biomedical applications have been universally accepted, specifically in terms of their strength, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and wear resistance in articulating joints.The continuous development of new-generation implants utilizing nanocoatings with novel nanosensors and devices is leading to better compatibility with human tissue and improved well-being and longevity for patients. This article gives a short overview of bioceramics and reexamines key issues of concern for processing and applying nanoceramics as biomaterials.
Ben-Nissan, B, Milev, A & Vago, R 2004, 'Morphology of sol–gel derived nano-coated coralline hydroxyapatite', Biomaterials, vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 4971-4975.
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Current bone graft materials are mainly produced from coralline hydroxyapatite (HAp). Due to the nature of the conversion process, commercial coralline HAp has retained coral or CaCO3, and the structure possesses nanopores within the inter-pore trabeculae, resulting in high dissolution rates. Under certain conditions these features reduce durability and strength and are not utilised where high structural strength is required. To overcome these limitations, a new coral double-conversion technique has been developed. The technique involves a two-stage application route where, in the first stage, complete conversion of coral to pure HAp is achieved. In the second, a new sol-gel-derived HAp nano-coating is directly applied to cover the micro- and nano-pores within the intra-pore material, whilst maintaining the large pores. Biaxial strength was improved two-fold due to this unique double treatment. This application is expected to result in enhanced durability and longevity due to the monophasic hydroxyapatite structure and strength in the physiological environment. It is anticipated that this new material can be applied to load-bearing bone graft applications where high strength requirements are pertinent. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Boord, P, Barriskill, A, Craig, A & Nguyen, H 2004, 'Brain–Computer Interface—FES Integration: Towards a Hands-free Neuroprosthesis Command System', Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 267-276.
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This paper presents a critical review of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and their potential for neuroprosthetic applications. Summaries are provided for the command interface requirements of hand grasp, multijoint, and lower extremity neuroprostheses, and the characteristics of various BCIs are discussed in relation to these requirements. The review highlights the current limitations of BCIs and areas of research that need to be addressed to enhance BCI-FES integration.
Cashman, R, Toohey, KM, Darcy, SA, Symons, C & Stewart, B 2004, 'When the carnival is over: evaluating the outcomes of mega sporting events in Australia', Sporting Traditions, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-32.
Chern, B, Joseph, D, Joshua, D, Pittman, K, Richardson, G, Schou, M, Lowe, S, Copeman, M, De Abreu Lourenco, R & Lynch, K 2004, 'Bisphosphonate infusions: patient preference, safety and clinic use', SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 463-466.
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Coutts, AJ & Sirotic, AC 2004, 'Post-Match recovery practices for team sport athletes', Sports coach, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 20-23.
Coutts, AJ & Watsford, ML 2004, 'Monitoring Fitness Changes', Sports Coach, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 20-22.
Coutts, AJ, Murphy, AJ & Dascombe, BJ 2004, 'Effect of direct supervision of a strength coach on measures of muscular strength and power in young rugby league players', JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 316-323.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of direct supervision on muscular strength, power, and running speed during 12 weeks of resistance training in young rugby league players. Two matched groups of young (16.7 ± 1.1 years [mean ± SD]), talented rugby league players completed the same periodized resistance-training program in either a supervised (SUP) (N = 21) or an unsupervised (UNSUP) (N = 21) environment. Measures of 3 repetition maximum (3RM) bench press, 3RM squat, maximal chin-ups, vertical jump, 10- and 20-m sprints, and body mass were completed pretest (week 0), midtest (week 6), and posttest (week 12) training program. Results show that 12 weeks of periodized resistance training resulted in an increased body mass, 3RM bench press, 3RM squat, maximum number of chin-ups, vertical jump height, and 10- and 20-m sprint performance in both groups (p < 0.05). The SUP group completed significantly more training sessions, which were significantly correlated to strength increases for 3RM bench press and squat (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the SUP group significantly increased 3RM squat strength (at 6 and 12 weeks) and 3RM bench press strength (12 weeks) when compared to the UNSUP group (p < 0.05). Finally, the percent increase in the 3RM bench press, 3RM squat, and chin-upmax was also significantly greater in the SUP group than in the UNSUP group (p < 0.05). These findings show that the direct supervision of resistance training in young athletes results in greater training adherence and increased strength gains than does unsupervised training.
Coutts, AJ, Murphy, AJ & Dascombe, BJ 2004, 'Effect of Direct Supervision of a Strength Coach on Measures of Muscular Strength and Power in Young Rugby League Players', The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 316-316.
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Coutts, AJ, Reaburn, P, Piva, T, Rowsell, G & Murphy, AJ 2004, 'Predictors of change in maximal oxygen uptake during periods of intensive training in rugby league players.', Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 536-536.
Coutts, AJ, Slattery, KM & Wallace, LK 2004, 'Over-reaching,over training e Deterioramento Della Prestazione Negli Atleti', Teknosport, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 7-13.
Coutts, AJ, Wallace, LK & Slattery, KM 2004, 'Monitoring Training Load', Sports Coach, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 12-14.
Cranfield, CG, Dawe, A, Karloukovski, V, Dunin–Borkowski, RE, de Pomerai, D & Dobson, J 2004, 'Biogenic magnetite in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol. 271, no. suppl_6.
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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used as a model system in biological research. Recently, examination of the production of heat-shock proteins in this organism in response to mobile phone-type electromagnetic field exposure produced the most robust demonstration to date of a non-thermal, deleterious biological effect. Though these results appear to be a sound demonstration of non-thermal bioeffects, to our knowledge, no mechanism has been proposed to explain them. We show, apparently for the first time, that biogenic magnetite, a ferrimagnetic iron oxide, is present in C. elegans. Its presence may have confounding effects on experiments involving electromagnetic fields as well as implications for the use of this nematode as a model system for iron biomineralization in multi-cellular organisms. © 2004 The Royal Society.
Dang, L, Seale, JP & Qu, X 2004, 'Reduction of high glucose and phorbol-myristate-acetate-induced endothelial cell permeability by protein kinase C inhibitors LY379196 and hypocrellin A', Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 855-864.
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Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Although recent studies have established a link between protein kinase C (PKC) pathway and hyperglycaemic-induced vascular permeability, it is unclear which PKC isoforms involve increased endothelial cell permeability. In the present study, we investigated whether high glucose induced endothelial hyperpermeability via distinct PKC isoforms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and whether increased endothelial permeability could be substantially reversed by PKC inhibitors LY379196 and hypocrellin A (HA). High glucose (20mM) and phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA)-induced endothelial hyperpermeability was almost abolished by 150nM HA and partially reduced by 30nM PKC β inhibitor (LY379196). LY379196 and HA inhibited the membrane fraction of PKC activity in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed high-glucose-induced overexpression of PKC α and PKC β2 in the membrane fraction of HUVECs. LY379196 (30 and 150nM) selectively inhibited PKC β2 with no significant effect on PKC α expression. HA (150nM) significantly reduced PKC α expression with no inhibitory effect on PKC β2. At higher concentrations (300nM), both LY379196 and HA were no longer selective for PKC β or α, respectively. This study showed that both PKC α and β2 contributed to endothelial hyperpermeability. Since reduction of endothelial hyperpermeability was greater with inhibition of PKC α rather than PKC β2, we conclude that PKC α may be a major isoform involved in endothelial permeability in HUVECs, and that PKC α-mediated endothelial permeability was significantly reversed by the PKC inhibitor HA. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Darcy, S 2004, 'Guest Editors’ Introduction', Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. vi-viii.
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Darcy, S 2004, 'Harmony and Certainty? The Status of the Draft Access to Premises Standard', Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 157-165.
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Darcy, SA 2004, 'Book review: Inclusive and special recreation', Annals of leisure research, vol. 7, no. 3.
Darcy, SA 2004, 'Harmony and certainty? the status of the draft access to premises standard', Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 158-167.
Darcy, SA 2004, 'Statistical Note : Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004) Disability, Ageing and Carers Survey', Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 7, no. 2.
Death, AK, McGrath, KCY, Kazlauskas, R & Handelsman, DJ 2004, 'Tetrahydrogestrinone Is a Potent Androgen and Progestin', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 2498-2500.
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Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) was recently identified as a novel steroid used illicitly to improve athletic performance. Although its structure is closely related to gestrinone, a 19-nor progestin, and resembles that of trenbolone, THG was never marketed, s
Death, AK, McGrath, KCY, Sader, MA, Nakhla, S, Jessup, W, Handelsman, DJ & Celermajer, DS 2004, 'Dihydrotestosterone Promotes Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Male Human Endothelial Cells via a Nuclear Factor-κB-Dependent Pathway', Endocrinology, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 1889-1897.
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Eager, DM 2004, 'The Low Down On Playground Undersurfing', Journal of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 54-56.
Feinmann, C & Newton-John, T 2004, 'Psychiatric and psychological management considerations associated with nerve damage and neuropathic trigeminal pain', JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL PAIN, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 360-365.
Fisher, J, Hu, XQ, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Davies, C, Hatto, P, Bolton, J, Riley, M, Hardaker, C, Isaac, GH & BERRY, G 2004, 'Wear of surface engineered metal-on-metal hip prostheses', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 225-235.
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Fornusek, C, Davis, GM, Sinclair, PJ & Milthorpe, B 2004, 'Development of an isokinetic functional electrical stimulation cycle ergometer', NEUROMODULATION, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 56-64.
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An isokinetic functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer (iFES-LCE) was developed for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The iFES-LCE was designed to allow cycle training over a broad range of pedalling cadences (5-60 rev/min) to promote both muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness. A commercially available motorized cycle ergometer was integrated with a custom built FES system, a laptop computer, and a specialized chair that restricted lateral leg movements. Sample biomechanical data were collected from an SCI subject performing FES cycling to demonstrate the IFES-LCE's performance characteristics. Calibration of the IFES-LCE system revealed a linear relationship between torque applied to the axle of the motorized ergometer and the braking motor current generated to maintain velocity. Performance data derived from iFES-LCE motor torque agreed closely with similar data collected using strain-gauge instrumented pedals (cross-correlations = 0.93-0.98). The iFES-LCE was shown to work well across a range of pedaling cadences. We conclude that the new iFES-LCE system may offer improved training potential by allowing cycling over a broad range of pedaling cadences, especially low cadence. This device also improves upon the accuracy of other ergometers by adjusting for the passive load of the legs.
Fullagar, S & Darcy, S 2004, 'Critical Points Against an Australasian Therapeutic Recreation Association: Towards Community Leisure through Enabling Justice', Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 95-103.
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Gabrys, B 2004, 'Special issue on integration of methods and hybrid systems', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 203-204.
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Glinos, N, Hoang, DB, Nguyen, C & Symvonis, A 2004, 'Video-on-demand based on delayed-multicast: Algorithmic support', COMPUTER JOURNAL, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 545-559.
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Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2004, 'An improved method for predicting magnetic power losses in SMC electrical machines', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS, vol. 19, no. 1-4, pp. 75-78.
Heather, AK, McGrath, KC, Sader, M, Nakhla, S, Jessup, W, Handelsman, D & Celermajer, DS 2004, 'Dihydrotestosterone promotes vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in male human endothelial cells via a nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent pathway', Endocrinology, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 1889-1897.
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There exists a striking gender difference in atherosclerotic vascular disease. For decades, estrogen was considered atheroprotective; however, an alternative is that androgen exposure in early life may predispose men to earlier atherosclerosis. We recent
Heness, G & Ben-Nissan, B 2004, 'Innovative bioceramics', Materials Forum, vol. 27, pp. 104-114.
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Overall, the benefits of advanced ceramic materials in biomedical applications have been universally appreciated, specifically, in terms of their strength, biocompatibility and wear resistance. However, the amount of supporting data is not large and the continuous development of new methods is pertinent for better understanding of the microstructure-properties relationship and, in general, for obtaining new directives for their further improvement. This paper gives an overview of some of the more innovative applications of bioceramics in medicine. © Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd - Materials Forum Volume 27 - Published 2004.
Henness, S, Johnson, CK, Ge, Q, Armour, CL, Hughes, JM & Ammit, AJ 2004, 'IL-17A augments TNF-α–induced IL-6 expression in airway smooth muscle by enhancing mRNA stability', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 114, no. 4, pp. 958-964.
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Howell, VM, Zori, RT, Stalker, HJ, Williams, C, Jesse, N, Nelson, AE, Robinson, BG & Marsh, DJ 2004, 'A molecular diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism—Jaw tumor syndrome in an adolescent with recurrent kidney stones', The Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 567-567.
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Huntriss, J, Hinkins, M, Oliver, B, Harris, SE, Beazley, JC, Rutherford, AJ, Gosden, RG, Lanzendorf, SE & Picton, HM 2004, 'Expression of mRNAs for DNA methyltransferases and methyl‐CpG‐binding proteins in the human female germ line, preimplantation embryos, and embryonic stem cells', Molecular Reproduction and Development, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 323-336.
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AbstractRecent evidence indicates that mammalian gametogenesis and preimplantation development may be adversely affected by both assisted reproductive and stem cell technologies. Thus, a better understanding of the developmental regulation of the underlying epigenetic processes that include DNA methylation is required. We have, therefore, monitored the expression, by PCR, of the mRNAs of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), methyl‐CpG‐binding domain proteins (MBDs), and CpG binding protein (CGBP) in a developmental series of amplified cDNA samples derived from staged human ovarian follicles, oocytes, preimplantation embryos, human embryonic stem (hES) cells and in similar murine cDNA samples. Transcripts of these genes were detected in human ovarian follicles (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT3b4, DNMT1, MDBs1–4, MeCP2, CGBP), germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT1, MDBs1–4, MeCP2, CGBP), mature oocytes (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT1, CGBP), and preimplantation embryos (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT1, DNMT3L, MBD2, MDB4, CGBP). Differential expression of DNMT3B gene transcripts in undifferentiated (DNMT3b1) and in vitro differentiated human ES cells (DNMT3b3) further demonstrated an association of the DNMT3b1<...
Hutvágner, G, Simard, MJ, Mello, CC & Zamore, PD 2004, 'Sequence-Specific Inhibition of Small RNA Function', PLoS Biology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. e98-e98.
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Hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been identified from both plants and animals, yet little is known about their biochemical modes of action or biological functions. Here we report that 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotides can act as irreversible, stoichiometric inhibitors of small RNA function. We show that a 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide complementary to an siRNA can block mRNA cleavage in Drosophila embryo lysates and HeLa cell S100 extracts and in cultured human HeLa cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans, injection of the 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide complementary to the miRNA let-7 can induce a let-7 loss-of-function phenocopy. Using an immobilized 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide, we show that the C. elegans Argonaute proteins ALG-1 and ALG-2, which were previously implicated in let-7 function through genetic studies, are constituents of a let-7-containing protein-RNA complex. Thus, we demonstrate that 2′-O-methyl RNA oligonucleotides can provide an efficient and straightforward way to block small RNA function in vivo and furthermore can be used to identify small RNA-associated proteins that mediate RNA silencing pathways.
Impellizzeri, FM, Rampinini, E, Coutts, AJ, Sassi, A & Marcora, SM 2004, 'Use of RPE-based training load in soccer', MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1042-1047.
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Purpose: The ability to accurately control and monitor internal training load is an important aspect of effective coaching. The aim of this study was to apply in soccer the RPE-based method proposed by Foster et al. to quantify internal training load (session-RPE) and to assess its correlations with various methods used to determine internal training load based on the HR response to exercise. Methods: Nineteen young soccer players (mean ± SD: age 17.6 ± 0.7 yr, weight 70.2 ± 4.7 kg, height 178.5 ± 4. 8 cm, body fat 7.5 ± 2.2%, V̇O2max, 57.1 ± 4.0 mL·kg-1·min-1) were involved in the study. All subjects performed an incremental treadmill test before and after the training period during which lactate threshold (1.5 mmol·L-1 above baseline) and OBLA (4.0 mmol·L-1) were determined. The training loads completed during the seven training weeks were determined multiplying the session RPE (CR10-scale) by session duration in minutes. These session-RPE values were correlated with training load measures obtained from three different HR-based methods suggested by Edwards, Banister, and Lucia, respectively. Results: Individual internal loads of 479 training sessions were collected. All individual correlations between various HR-based training load and session-RPE were statistically significant (from r = 0.50 to r = 0.85, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the session-RPE can be considered a good indicator of global internal load of soccer training. This method does not require particular expensive equipment and can be very useful and practical for coaches and athletic trainer to monitor and control internal load, and to design periodization strategies.
Jiang, X, Williams, KM, Liauw, WS, Ammit, AJ, Roufogalis, BD, Duke, CC, Day, RO & McLachlan, AJ 2004, 'Effect of St John's wort and ginseng on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 592-599.
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AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of St John's wort and ginseng on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin.MethodsThis was an open‐label, three‐way crossover randomized study in 12 healthy male subjects, who received a single 25‐mg dose of warfarin alone or after 14 days’ pretreatment with St John's wort, or 7 days’ pretreatment with ginseng. Dosing with St John's wort or ginseng was continued for 7 days after administration of the warfarin dose. Platelet aggregation, international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, warfarin enantiomer protein binding, warfarin enantiomer concentrations in plasma and S‐7‐hydroxywarfarin concentration in urine were measured. Statistical comparisons were made using anova and 90% confidence intervals are reported.ResultsINR and platelet aggregation were not affected by treatment with St John's wort or ginseng. The apparent clearances of S‐warfarin after warfarin alone or with St John's wort or ginseng were, respectively, 198 ± 38 ml min−1, 270 ± 44 ml min−1 and 220 ± 29 ml min−1. The respective apparent clearances of R‐warfarin were 110 ± 25 ml min−1, 142 ± 29 ml min−1 and 119 ± 20 ml min−1. The mean ratio and 90% confidence interval (CI) of apparent clearance for S‐warfarin was 1.29 (1.16, 1.46) and for R‐warfarin it was 1.23 (1.11, 1.37) when St John's wort was coadministered. The mean ratio and 90% CI of AUC0−168 of INR was 0.79 (0.70, 0.95) when St John's wort was coadministered. St John's wort and ginseng did not affect the apparent volumes of distribution or protein binding of warfarin enantiomers.Conclu...
Jiang, X, Williams, KM, Liauw, WS, Ammit, AJ, Roufogalis, BD, Duke, CC, Day, RO & McLachlan, AJ 2004, 'Errata', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 102-102.
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Jones, AC, Milthorpe, B, Averdunk, H, Limaye, A, Senden, TJ, Sakellariou, A, Sheppard, AP, Sok, RM, Knackstedt, MA, Brandwood, A, Rohner, D & Hutmacher, DW 2004, 'Analysis of 3D bone ingrowth into polymer scaffolds via micro-computed tomography imaging', BIOMATERIALS, vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 4947-4954.
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This paper illustrates the utility of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to study the process of tissue engineered bone growth. A micro-CT facility for imaging and visualising biomaterials in three dimensions (3D) is described. The facility is capable of acquiring 3D images made up of 20003 voxels on specimens up to 60 mm in extent with resolutions down to 2 ?m. This allows the 3D structure of tissue engineered materials to be imaged across three orders of magnitude of detail. The capabilities of micro-CT are demonstrated by imaging the Haversian network within human femoral cortical bone (distal diaphysis) and bone ingrowth into a porous scaffold at varying resolutions. Phase identification combined with 3D visualisation enables one to observe the complex topology of the canalicular system of the cortical bone. Imaging of the tissue engineered bone at a scale of 1 cm and resolutions of 10 ?m allows visualisation of the complex ingrowth of bone into the polymer scaffold. Further imaging at 2 ?m resolution allows observation of bone ultra-structure. These observations illustrate the benefits of tomography over traditional techniques for the characterisation of bone morphology and interconnectivity and performs a complimentary role to current histomorphometric techniques.
Jones, AC, Sakellariou, A, Limaye, A, Arns, CH, Senden, TJ, Sawkins, T, Knackstedt, MA, Rohner, D, Hutmacher, DW, Brandwood, A & Milthorpe, BK 2004, 'Investigation of microstructural features in regenerating bone using micro computed tomography', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 529-532.
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Jones, AC, Sheppard, AP, Sok, RM, Arns, CH, Limaye, A, Averdunk, H, Brandwood, A, Sakellariou, A, Senden, TJ, Milthorpe, BK & Knackstedt, MA 2004, 'Three-dimensional analysis of cortical bone structure using X-ray micro-computed tomography', PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS, vol. 339, no. 1-2, pp. 125-130.
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We demonstrate the capability of X-ray micro-computed tomography to image the micro-structure of human cortical bone. At 5 ?m voxel size we observe the complex morphology of the Haversian network in three dimensions. The local thickness of Haversian canals is measured using a maximal sphere algorithm and found to have a bimodal signature and a mean radius of 19.2 ?m. The intra-cortical porosity due to Haversian canals is measured as 3.0%. Both results are in agreement with traditional histomorphometric measurements. We show that at higher resolutions one can resolve the spatial distribution of lacunae in cortical bone.
Jones, PM & George, AM 2004, 'The ABC transporter structure and mechanism: perspectives on recent research', Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS), vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 682-699.
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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are multidomain integral membrane proteins that utilise the energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate solutes across cellular membranes in all phyla. ABC transporters form one of the largest of all protein families and are central to many important biomedical phenomena, including resistance of cancers and pathogenic microbes to drugs. Elucidation of the structure and mechanism of ABC transporters is essential to the rational design of agents to control their function. While a wealth of high-resolution structures of ABC proteins have been produced in recent years, many fundamental questions regarding the protein's mechanism remain unanswered. In this review, we examine the recent structural data concerning ABC transporters and related proteins in the light of other experimental and theoretical data, and discuss these data in relation to current ideas concerning the transporters' molecular mechanism.
Khosroshahi, ME, Valanezhad, A & Tavakoli, J 2004, 'Evaluation of mid-IR laser radiation effect on 316L stainless steel corrosion resistance in physiological saline', Amirkabir (Journal of Science and Technology), vol. 15, no. 58 B, pp. 107-115.
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The effects of a short pulsed (∼ 400 ns) multiline hydrogen fluoride (HF) laser radiation operating on average at 2.8 μm has been studied on 316L stainless steel in terms of optical and physical parameters. At low fluences ≤ 8 Jcm -2 (phase I) no morphological changes occurred at the surface and melting began at ∼ 8.8 Jcm -2 (phase II) which continued up to about 30 Jcm -2. In this range the melting zone was effectively produced by high temperature surface centres growth which subsequently joined these centres together. Thermal ablation via surface vaporization began at ∼ 33 Jcm -2 (phase III). The results of SEM evaluation and corrosion resistance experiment which was carried out using EG&G device with cyclic potentiodynamic polarization method in a physiological (Hank's) solution indicated that pitting corrosion sensitivity was decreased ie. enhancement of corrosion resistance. Also, the XRD results showed a double increase of γ(111) at microstructure, thus in effect a superaustenite stainless steel was obtained at an optimized melting fluence.
Khoury, P, Tuch, BE & Simpson, AM 2004, 'Dynamics Of Insulin Release From Transplanted Genetically Engineered Liver Cells', Immunology And Cell Biology, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 1-1.
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Lalor, DJ, Truong, B, Henness, S, Blake, AE, Ge, Q, Ammit, AJ, Armour, CL & Hughes, JM 2004, 'Mechanisms of serum potentiation of GM-CSF production by human airway smooth muscle cells', American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol. 287, no. 5, pp. L1007-L1016.
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Inflammation and vascular leakage are prevalent in asthma. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in serum potentiation of cytokine-induced granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by human airway smooth muscle cells and to identify possible factors responsible. Serum-deprived cells at low density were stimulated with TNF-α and IL-1β for 24 h. Human AB serum (10%), inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis or specific signaling molecules, or known smooth muscle mitogens were then added for 24 h. Culture supernatants were analyzed for GM-CSF levels, and cells were harvested to assess viability, cell cycle progression, GM-CSF-specific mRNA content, and p38 phosphorylation. Serum potentiated GM-CSF release when added before, together with (maximal), or after the cytokines. The potentiation involved both new GM-CSF-specific mRNA production and protein synthesis. The mitogens IGF, PDGF, and thrombin all potentiated GM-CSF release, and neutralizing antibodies for EGF, IGF, and PDGF reduced the serum potentiation. Inhibitor studies ruled as unlikely the involvement of p70S6kinase and the MAPK p42/p44, two signaling pathways implicated in proliferation, and the involvement of the MAPK JNK, while establishing roles for p38 MAPK and NF-κB in the potentiation of GM-CSF release. Detection of significant p38 phosphorylation in response to serum stimulation, through Western blotting, further demonstrated the involvement of p38. These studies have provided evidence to support p38 being targeted to interrupt the cycle of inflammation, vascular leakage and cytokine production in asthma.
Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & Tam, PKS 2004, 'Function estimation using a neural-fuzzy network and an improved genetic algorithm', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 243-260.
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This paper presents the estimation of the transmission gains for an AC power line data network in an intelligent home. The estimated gains ensure the transmission reliability and efficiency. A neural-fuzzy network with rule switches is proposed to perform the estimation. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed to tune the parameters and the rules of the proposed neural-fuzzy network. By turning on or off the rule switches, an optimal rule base can be obtained. An application example will be given. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Lavian, T, Hoang, DB, Travostino, F, Wang, PYH, Subramanian, S & Monga, I 2004, 'An extensible, programmable, commercial-grade platform for Internet service architecture', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 58-68.
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With their increasingly sophisticated applications, users promote the notion that there is more to a network (be it an intranet, or the Internet) than mere L1-3 connectivity. In what shapes a next generation service contract between users and the network, users want the network to offer services that are as ubiquitous and dependable as dial tones. Typical services include application-aware firewalls, directories, nomadic support, virtualization, load balancing, alternate site failover, etc. To fulfill this vision, a service architecture is needed. That is, an architecture wherein end-to-end services compose, on-demand, across network domains, technologies, and administration boundaries. Such an architecture requires programmable mechanisms and programmable network devices for service enabling, service negotiation, and service management. The bedrock foundation of the architecture, and also the key focus of the paper, is an open-source programmable service platform that is explicitly designed to best exploit commercial-grade network devices. The platform predicates a full separation of concerns, in that control-intensive operations are executed in software, whereas, data-intensive operations are delegated to hardware. This way, the platform is capable of performing wire-speed content filtering, and activating network services according to the state of data and control flows. The paper describes the platform and some distinguishing services realized on the platform.
Lee, DK, Lança, AJ, Cheng, R, Nguyen, T, Ji, XD, Gobeil, F, Chemtob, S, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2004, 'Agonist-independent Nuclear Localization of the Apelin, Angiotensin AT1, and Bradykinin B2 Receptors', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 9, pp. 7901-7908.
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Signaling of the apelin, angiotensin, and bradykinin peptides is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors related through structure and similarities of physiological function. We report nuclear expression as a characteristic of these receptors, including a nuclear localization for the apelin receptor in brain and cerebellum-derived D283 Med cells and the AT1 and bradykinin B2 receptors in HEK-293T cells. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the apelin receptor with localization in neuronal nuclei in cerebellum and hypothalamus, exhibiting expression in neuronal cytoplasm or in both nuclei and cytoplasm. Confocal microscopy of HEK-293T cells revealed the majority of transfected cells displayed constitutive nuclear localization of AT1 and B2 receptors, whereas apelin receptors did not show nuclear localization in these cells. The majority of apelin receptor-transfected cerebellum D283 Med cells showed receptor nuclear expression. Immunoblot analyses of subcellular-fractionated D283 Med cells demonstrated endogenous apelin receptor species in nuclear fractions. In addition, an identified nuclear localization signal motif in the third intracellular loop of the apelin receptor was disrupted by a substituted glutamine in place of lysine. This apelin receptor (K242Q) did not exhibit nuclear localization in D283 Med cells. These results demonstrate the following: (i) the apelin receptor exhibits nuclear localization in human brain; (ii) distinct cell-dependent mechanisms for the nuclear transport of apelin, AT 1, and B2 receptors; and (iii) the disruption of a nuclear localization signal sequence disrupts the nuclear translocation of the apelin receptor. This discovery of apelin, AT1, and B2 receptors with agonist-independent nuclear translocation suggests major unanticipated roles for these receptors in cell signaling and function.
Leung, FHF, Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Tam, PKS 2004, 'Optimal and stable fuzzy controllers for nonlinear systems based on an improved genetic algorithm', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 172-182.
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This paper addresses the optimization and stabilization problems of nonlinear systems subject to parameter uncertainties. The methodology is based on a fuzzy logic approach and an improved genetic algorithm (GA). The TSK fuzzy plant model is employed to describe the dynamics of the uncertain nonlinear plant. A fuzzy controller is then obtained to close the feedback loop. The stability conditions are derived. The feedback gains of the fuzzy controller and the solution for meeting the stability conditions are determined using the improved GA. In order to obtain the optimal fuzzy controller, the membership functions are further tuned by minimizing a defined fitness function using the improved GA. An application example on stabilizing a two-link robot. arm will be given.
Leung, KF, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK & Ling, SH 2004, 'On interpretation of graffiti digits and characters for eBooks: Neural-fuzzy network and genetic algorithm approach', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 464-471.
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This paper presents the rule optimization, tuning of the membership functions, and optimization of the number of fuzzy rules, of a neural-fuzzy network (NFN) using a genetic algorithm (GA). The objectives are achieved by training a proposed NFN with rule switches. The proposed NFN and GA are employed to interpret graffiti number inputs and commands for electronic books (eBooks).
Li, J, Dong, G, Ramamohanarao, K & Wong, L 2004, 'DeEPs: A New Instance-Based Lazy Discovery and Classification System', Machine Learning, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 99-124.
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Distance is widely used in most lazy classification systems. Rather than using distance, we make use of the frequency of an instance's subsets of features and the frequency-change rate of the subsets among training classes to perform both knowledge disco
Li, J, Manoukian, T, Dong, G & Ramamohanarao, K 2004, 'Incremental Maintenance on the Border of the Space of Emerging Patterns', Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 89-116.
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Emerging patterns (EPs) are useful knowledge patterns with many applications. In recent studies on bio-medical profiling data, we have successfully used such patterns to solve difficult cancer diagnosis problems and produced higher classification accurac
Livshits, G, Deng, H-W, Nguyen, TV, Yakovenko, K, Recker, RR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Genetics of Bone Mineral Density: Evidence for a Major Pleiotropic Effect From an Intercontinental Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 914-923.
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Abstract BMD is a primary predictor of osteoporotic fracture, and its genetic determination is still unclear. This study showed that the correlation between BMD at different skeletal sites is caused by an underlying genetic structure of common genetic effects. In addition to possible shared (pleiotropic) genetic and environmental effects, each of the BMD variables may also be determined by site-specific genetic factors. Introduction: BMD is a primary predictor of osteoporotic fracture and a key phenotype for the genetic study of osteoporosis. The interindividual variation in BMD measured at a given skeletal site is largely regulated by genetic factors. A strong phenotypic covariation exists for BMD at different skeletal sites. This study tests the hypothesis that the covariation is in fact caused by an underlying genetic structure of common genetic effects and that, in addition to possible shared (pleiotropic) genetic effects, each of the BMD variables may also be determined by site-specific genetic factors Materials and Methods: A bivariate complex segregation analysis as implemented in statistical package PAP was conducted to explore various models of pleiotropic genetic and environmental transmission in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, as well as in compact and spongious segments of hand phalanges. The BMD was obtained in three ethnically, culturally, and socially heterogeneous samples of white pedigrees, with 2549 individuals between 18 and 100 years of age, from Australia, Europe, and North America. Results and Conclusions: The genetic correlation between BMD measures ranged between 0.50 ± 0.09 and 0.79 ± 0.04 in the three samples. In each sample, the model incorporated a major locus pleiotropic effect, and residual correlation was found to be the most parsimonious model. Estimated parameters from the mod...
McCutcheon, AL, Kannangara, GSK, Wilson, MA & Ben-Nissan, B 2004, 'Preliminary analysis of pore distributions using NMR in natural coral and hydrothermally prepared hydroxyapatite', Journal of Materials Science, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 5711-5717.
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Pore size distributions in an Australian coral from Goniopora sp have been measured by mercury intrusion, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A significant result is that NMR predicts nanopores which could be seen visibly. The methods give similar results as mercury intrusion for large pores around 100 μm but differ for smaller pores. Differences between NMR and mercury intrusion are equated using a non linear sigmoidal regression model. The NMR method was also compared with mercury intrusion methods to measure pore sizes on hydroxyapatite conversion products which have promise as bio-implants. Differences between samples due to errors in the methodology are discussed. Together all three methods are shown to complement each other. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
McDonnell, CM, Benn, DE, Marsh, DJ, Robinson, BG & Zacharin, MR 2004, 'K40E: a novel succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)B mutation causing familial phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 510-514.
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Summaryobjective Germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)B, SDHC and SDHD, encoding three of the four subunits of mitochondrial complex II, have been implicated in the tumourigenesis of familial paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas. Twenty‐three SDHB mutations have been identified to date.patients We present a novel missense SDHB exon 2 mutation (c.118 A > G; K40E) identified in an Australian family. The proband was diagnosed with phaeochromocytoma at an early age following an unexpected hypertensive crisis and was found to be SDHB mutation‐positive. Subsequent genetic screening of 26 family members has identified 17 mutation‐positive relatives. In addition to the proband, four mutation positive relatives were found to have clinical symptoms or a lesion and/or catecholamine excess after the identification of the mutation led to further evaluation. Both the proband and an uncle have required surgical removal of a tumour.conclusions This family indicates the importance of germline screening of first‐degree relatives when a patient presents with an apparently sporadic extra adrenal phaeochromocytoma at a young age or whenever a patient with a nonsecretory paraganglioma is found.
Meng, S-W, Zhang, Z & Li, J 2004, 'Twelve C2H2 zinc-finger genes on human chromosome 19 can be each translated into the same type of protein after frameshifts', Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-4.
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Abstract We report a discovery that, of the 226 C2H2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZNF) genes on human chromosome 19, 12 genes each have two open reading frames (ORFs) that are in different reading frames but that can be translated into the same type of C2H2-ZNF proteins. We came to this observation after using standard tools in an original manner. First, we found that the both ORFs of such a gene contained the same type of significant C2H2-ZNF domain with e-values of e–2 or better. Second, the both ORFs had a promoter, a transcription start site, a start codon, a Kozak pattern and a poly(A) site; hence, each of them can be viewed as a gene in terms of a gene's primary structure. Third, both the ORFs matched not only human C2H2-ZNF expressed sequence tags (ESTs) but also human C2H2-ZNF proteins with e-values of e–50 or better. This indicates that the both ORFs can be transcribed and translated into the same zinc-finger proteins. More importantly, we observed that the phenomenon—a DNA can be translated into the same type of proteins after a frameshift—also occurred in a set of 160 human C2H2-ZNF ESTs and in a set of nine cDNAs of human C2H2-ZNF proteins. This observation based on the two sets of wet-experimental data much strengthened our confidence on the discovery. Our discovery is useful in the deeper understanding of a gene's regulatory mechanism to maintain its function. Supplementary information: http://zfgene.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Milev, AS, Kamali Kannangara, GS, Ben-Nissan, B & Wilson, MA 2004, 'Temperature Effects on a Hydroxyapatite Precursor Solution', The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 108, no. 18, pp. 5516-5521.
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Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy has been used to monitor synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from diethyl hydrogen phosphonate and calcium diethoxide in solution at two different temperatures. Acetyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphonate, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate, and acetyl ethyl phosphonate have been identified for the first time in this reaction solution as intermediates. The formation of these compounds is shown to be crucial in controlling the phase purity of the final hydroxyapatite product. A possible mechanism for the formation of acetyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphonate is discussed.
Nassif, NT, Lobo, GP, Wu, XJ, Henderson, CJA, Morrison, CD, Eng, C, Jalaludin, B & Segelov, E 2004, 'PTEN mutations are common in sporadic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer', ONCOGENE, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 617-628.
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The tumour suppressor gene PTEN, located at chromosome sub-band 10q23.3, encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase that negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3 K)/Akt-dependent cellular survival pathway. PTEN is frequently inactivated in many tumour types including glioblastoma, prostate and endometrial cancers. While initial studies reported that PTEN gene mutations were rare in colorectal cancer, more recent reports have shown an approximate 18% incidence of somatic PTEN mutations in colorectal tumours exhibiting microsatellite instability (MSI+). To verify the role of this gene in colorectal tumorigenesis, we analysed paired normal and tumour DNA from 41 unselected primary sporadic colorectal cancers for PTEN inactivation by mutation and/or allelic loss. We now report PTEN gene mutations in 19.5% (8/41) of tumours and allele loss, including all or part of the PTEN gene, in a further 17% (7/41) of the cases. Both PTEN alleles were affected in over half (9/15) of these cases showing PTEN genetic abnormalities. Using immunohistochemistry, we have further shown that all tumours harbouring PTEN alterations have either reduced or absent PTEN expression and this correlated strongly with later clinical stage of tumour at presentation (P = 0.02). In contrast to previous reports, all but one of the tumours with PTEN gene mutations were microsatellite stable (MSI-), suggesting that PTEN is involved in a distinct pathway of colorectal tumorigenesis that is separate from the pathway of mismatch repair deficiency. This work therefore establishes the importance of PTEN in primary sporadic colorectal cancer.
Nguyen, HB, Rivers, EP, Knoblich, BP, Jacobsen, G, Muzzin, A, Ressler, JA & Tomlanovich, MC 2004, 'Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock*', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1637-1642.
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Objective: Serial lactate concentrations can be used to examine disease severity in the intensive care unit. This study examines the clinical utility of the lactate clearance before intensive care unit admission (during the most proximal period of disease presentation) as an indicator of outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. We hypothesize that a high lactate clearance in 6 hrs is associated with decreased mortality rate. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: An urban emergency department and intensive care unit over a 1-yr period. Patients: A convenience cohort of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Interventions: Therapy was initiated in the emergency department and continued in the intensive care unit, including central venous and arterial catlieterization, antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and inotropes when appropriate. Measurements and Main Results: Vital signs, laboratory values, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were obtained at hour 0 (emergency department presentation), hour 6, and over the first 72 hrs of hospitalization. Therapy given in the emergency department and intensive care unit was recorded. Lactate clearance was defined as the percent decrease in lactate from emergency department presentation to hour 6. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent variables associated with mortality. One hundred and eleven patients were enrolled with mean age 64.9 ± 16.7 yrs, emergency department length of stay 6.3 ± 3.2 hrs, and overall in-hospital mortality rate 42.3%. Baseline APACHE II score was 20.2 ± 6.8 and lactate 6.9 ± 4.6 mmol/L. Survivors compared with nonsurvivors had a lactate clearance of 38.1 ± 34.6 vs. 12.0 ± 51.6%, respectively (p = .005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of statistically significant univariate variables showed lactate clearance to have a significant inverse relationship with mortality (p = .04). ...
Nguyen, ND, Ahlborg, HG & Nguyen, TV 2004, 'Does hip strength measures account for the difference in hip fracture incidence between the Chinese and Caucasian populations?', Bone, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 998-999.
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Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Bone mineral density-independent association of quantitative ultrasound measurements and fracture risk in women', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 942-947.
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Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Osteoporosis: underrated, underdiagnosed and undertreated', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 180, no. S5.
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Osteoporosis is: ■ Underrated Currently costs about $7 billion annually in Australia. Has high morbidity and 2-3-fold increase in risk of death after any major osteoporotic fracture. Genetic factors contribute highly to risk, modified by lifestyle and hormonal factors. ■ Underdiagnosed Bone density is a good predictor of subsequent risk. Anyone with a low-trauma fracture has osteoporosis unless proven otherwise. Every individual with a low trauma fracture should be investigated for exclusion of underlying osteoporosis and considered for effective treatment to reduce future fracture risk. More than 75% of women and about 90% of men with a high likelihood of osteoporosis are not investigated. ■ Undertreated More than 75% of those affected are not treated. Effective treatments (eg, hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modifiers and bisphosphonates) reduce fracture risk by 30%-60%. Simple measures like vitamin D and calcium supplementation and use of hip protectors can reduce hip fractures, particularly in institutionalised and housebound elderly people.
Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Limited utility of clinical indices for the prediction of symptomatic fracture risk in postmenopausal women', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 49-55.
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Nixon, JW, Acton, CHC, Wallis, BA, Battistutta, D, Perry, C & Eager, DBM 2004, 'Preventing injuries on horizontal ladders and track rides', Injury Control and Safety Promotion, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 219-224.
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OBJECTIVES: This study examined the type of injury, fall heights and measures of impact attenuation of surfaces on which children fell from horizontal ladders and track rides. METHOD: All injured children who presented to two children's hospitals and received medical attention following a fall from a horizontal ladder or track ride in a public school or park during 1996--1997 were interviewed and the playground visited. RESULTS: The number of children who fell from horizontal ladders and track rides and presented to hospitals with injury was 118. Of those children, 105 were injured when they hit the ground and data were available on 102 of those playground undersurfaces. Fractures to the arm or wrist were the most common injury. The median height fallen by children was 1930 mm, 73% of injuries were from falls greater than 1800mm. In 41% of sites, the surface was deficient in impact absorbing properties for the height of the equipment. Fractures were no more likely on loose surfaces than other surfaces, such as rubber matting (p = 0.556) but more prevalent on compliant than non-compliant surfaces. Relative to falls occurring on noncompliant surfaces, the odds of a fracture occurring on a compliant surface was 2.67 (95% CI 0.88-8.14). CONCLUSIONS: Modification of the height of horizontal ladders and track rides to 1800mm is preferable to removal of such equipment. The prevalence of fractures on compliant surfaces suggests that the threshold of 200g or 1000 head injury criteria (HIC) needs to be revisited, or additional test criteria added to take account of change in momentum that is not presently accounted for with either g-max on HIC calculations.
Nordon, RE, Shu, A, Camacho, F & Milthorpe, BK 2004, 'Hollow-fiber assay for ligand-mediated cell adhesion', CYTOMETRY PART A, vol. 57A, no. 1, pp. 39-44.
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Background The investigation of receptor-ligand interactions in the cellular context presents significant technical challenges, first, to immobilize the ligand in a manner that preserves functional properties and, second, to relate ligand properties to cell adhesion and other cellular processes. Methods Ligand-mediated cell adhesion was characterized by the development of a cellulose hollow-fiber adhesion assay in which ligand (protein A) was immobilized onto the cellulose membrane as a recombinant fusion protein containing a cellulose-binding domain affinity tag. Modules containing single cellulose hollow fibers were connected to a micro-flow system for cell deposition and detachment with fluid shear stress. The cell adhesion process that occurred inside a segment of hollow fiber was observed in real time by using an inverted microscope equipped with a CCD camera and digital frame grabber. Image analysis software was developed to count cells and record digital images. Results Cell adhesion strength was characterized by counting the number of cells that were detached by application of fluid shear stress with values that ranged from 2.3 to 185 dyne/cm2. The median shear stress of detachment of KG1a cells was directly related to the duration of membrane contact and the amount of immobilized monoclonal antibody (anti-CD34). Conclusions The hollow-fiber assay provides a general method to determine functional properties of molecular domains that interact with cell surface receptors and markers
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, ND, Pongchaiyakul, C & Nguyen, TV 2004, 'Development and validation of a new clinical risk index for prediction of osteoporosis in Thai women.', J Med Assoc Thai, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 910-916.
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The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new simple tool for identifying Thai women who are at high risk of having osteoporosis. A total of 322 women, aged > or = 45 years, were randomly divided into two cohorts: a development (n = 130) and a validation cohort (n = 192). Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were measured by LUNAR DPX-IQ densitometer. The prevalence of osteoporosis (defined by BMD T-scores < or = -2.5) was 33 per cent by either femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD. Khon Kaen Osteoporosis Study (KKOS), scoring based on age and weight was calculated and applied to the development cohort. Individuals with KKOS score < or = -1 were defined as 'high risk'; otherwise a 'low risk' was defined. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of KKOS was 70 and 73 per cent, respectively. Furthermore, if the high risk individuals identified by KKOS are to be treated, and if the treatment reduces fracture incidence by 50 per cent and assuming that treatment cost is 10 bahts per day, then the cost to prevent one fracture is estimated to be 466,695 bahts per year. These data suggest that although age and body weight can be used to identify Thai women who are at high risk of having osteoporosis, its application to the general population requires further research to arrive at the optimal cost-benefit for the community.
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Kosulwat, V, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Charoenkiatkul, S, Eisman, JA & Rajatanavin, R 2004, 'Effects of physical activity and dietary calcium intake on bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk in a rural Thai population', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 807-813.
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Ren, B, O'Brien, B & Simpson, AM 2004, 'Long-term Reversal Of Type 1 Diabetes In Rats After In Vivo Delivery Of The Human Insulin Gene', Immunology And Cell Biology, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 1-1.
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NA
Rodgers, KJ, Hume, PM, Dunlop, RA & Dean, RT 2004, 'Biosynthesis and turnover of DOPA-containing proteins by human cells', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1756-1764.
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Protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (PB-DOPA) is a major product of hydroxyl radical attack on tyrosine residues of proteins. Levels of PB-DOPA in cells and tissues have been shown to be greatly elevated in age-related diseases. We demonstrate for t
Samuel, VT, Liu, Z-X, Qu, X, Elder, BD, Bilz, S, Befroy, D, Romanelli, AJ & Shulman, GI 2004, 'Mechanism of Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 31, pp. 32345-32353.
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Short term high fat feeding in rats results specifically in hepatic fat accumulation and provides a model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in which to study the mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance. Short term fat feeding (FF) caused a -3-fold increase in liver triglyceride and total fatty acyl-CoA content without any significant increase in visceral or skeletal muscle fat content. Suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) by insulin was diminished in the FF group, despite normal basal EGP and insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal. Hepatic insulin resistance could be attributed to impaired insulin-stimulated IRS-1 and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation. These changes were associated with activation of PKC-ε and JNK1. Ultimately, hepatic fat accumulation decreased insulin activation of glycogen synthase and increased gluconeogenesis. Treatment of the FF group with low dose 2,4-dinitrophenol to increase energy expenditure abrogated the development of fatty liver, hepatic insulin resistance, activation of PKC-ε and JNK1, and defects in insulin signaling. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis hepatic steatosis leads to hepatic insulin resistance by stimulating gluconeogenesis and activating PKC-ε and JNK1, which may interfere with tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 and impair the ability of insulin to activate glycogen synthase.
Simpson, AM, Tao, CZ, Elgundi, Z, Castro, M & Swan, MA 2004, 'Glucose Responsive Insulin Secretion From The Engineered Human Liver Cell Line Huh7ins Is Regulated By Atp-sensitve Potassium Channels (k-atp)', Immunology And Cell Biology, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 1-1.
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NA
Su, SW, Bao, J & Lee, PL 2004, 'Analysis of decentralized integral controllability for nonlinear systems', COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1781-1787.
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his paper extends the concept of decentralized integral controllability to nonlinear process, and presents a steady state sufficient condition by using the singular perturbation theory. A numerical method is provided to facilitate the analysis of the proposed condition and is illustrated using an example of a dual tank level control system.
Sunde, M, McGrath, KCY, Young, L, Matthews, JM, Chua, EL, Mackay, JP & Death, AK 2004, 'TC-1 Is a Novel Tumorigenic and Natively Disordered Protein Associated with Thyroid Cancer', Cancer Research, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 2766-2773.
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Abstract A novel gene, thyroid cancer 1 (TC-1), was found recently to be overexpressed in thyroid cancer. TC-1 shows no homology to any of the known thyroid cancer-associated genes. We have produced stable transformants of normal thyroid cells that express the TC-1 gene, and these cells show increased proliferation rates and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Apoptosis rates also are decreased in the transformed cells. We also have expressed recombinant TC-1 protein and have undertaken a structural and functional characterization of the protein. The protein is monomeric and predominantly unstructured under conditions of physiologic salt and pH. This places it in the category of natively disordered proteins, a rapidly expanding group of proteins, many members of which play critical roles in cell regulation processes. We show that the protein can be phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, and the activity of both of these kinases is up-regulated when cells are stably transfected with TC-1. These results suggest that overexpression of TC-1 may be important in thyroid carcinogenesis.
Williams, DF, Howlett, CR, Milthorpe, B & O'Donnell, MM 2004, 'Special Issue - Focus on biomaterials science in Australia', BIOMATERIALS, vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 4859-4859.
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Zheng, Q, Milthorpe, BK & Jones, AS 2004, 'Direct neural network application for automated cell recognition', CYTOMETRY PART A, vol. 57A, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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Background Automated cell recognition from histologic images is a very complex task. Traditionally, the image is segmented by some methods chosen to suit the image type, the objects are measured, and then a classifier is used to determine cell type from the object's measurements. Different classifiers have been used with reasonable success, including neural networks working with data from morphometric analysis. Methods Image data of cells were input directly into neural networks to determine the feasibility of direct classification by using pixel intensity information. Several types of neural network and their ability to work with cells in a complex patterned background were assessed for a variety of images and cell types and for the accuracy of classification. Results Inflammatory cells from animal biomaterial implants in rabbit paravertebral muscle were imaged in histologic sections. Simple, three-layer, fully connected, back-propagation neural networks and four-layer networks with two layers of a shared-weights neural network were most successful at classifying the cells from the images, with 97% and 98% correct recognition rates, respectively. Conclusions The high accuracy recognition rate shows the potential for direct classification of visual image pixel data by neural networks.
Zochling, J, Nguyen, TV, March, LM & Sambrook, PN 2004, 'Quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone: measurement error, discordance, and their effects on longitudinal studies', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 619-624.
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Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'Nanobioceramics', Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Nanotechnology Forum 2003, Oz Nano 03, World Scientific, Cairns, Australia, pp. 139-142.
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Recent advances in the fundmental understanding of cell and molecular biology, tissue engineering, targeted drug delievry, would healing and other biomedical processes, together with the development of new enabling technologies such as micro, nanoscale, and bio-inspired fabrication and surface modification methods, have the potential to drive the design and development of new biomateirlas useful for medical applications at an unprecedented rate. The current focus is ont he production of new nanobioceramics relevant to a broad range of applications such as implantable surface modified devices for better hard and soft tissue attachment, increased bioactivity, tissue regeneration and engineering, cancer treatment, drug delivery and gene therapies, treatment of bacterial and viral infections, delievery of oxygen to damaged tissues, imaging, materials fr minimally invasive surgery and most promising of all nanorobotics, nanobiosensors and nanodevices for wide range of biomedical applications.
Ben-Nissan, B, Milev, A, Vago, R, Conway, M & Diwan, AD 1970, 'Sol-Gel Derived Nano-Coated Coralline Hydroxyapatite for Load Bearing Applications', Key Engineering Materials, International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Portugal, pp. 301-304.
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Current bone graft materials are mainly produced from coralline hydroxyapatite (HAp). Due to the nature of conversion process, commercial coralline HAp has retained coral or CaCO3 and the structure possesses nanopores within the inter pore trabeculae resulting in high dissolution rates. Under certain conditions these features reduce durability and strength respectively and are not utilised where high structural strength is required. To overcome these limitations, a new-patented coral double-conversion technique has been developed. The current technique involves two-stage application route where in the first stage complete conversion of coral to pure HAp is achieved. In the second stage a sol-gel derived HAp nanocoating is directly applied to cover the micro and nano-pores within the intra pore material, whilst maintaining the large pores. Biaxial strength was improved due to this unique double treatment. This application is expected to result in enhanced durability and longevity due to monophasic hydroxyapatite structure and strength in the physiological environment. It is anticipated that this new material can be applied to load bearing bone graft applications where high strength requirements are pertinent.
Ben-Nissan, B, Milev, A, Vago, R, Conway, MR, Walsh, WR & Diwan, A 1970, 'Nano-Coated Coralline Hydroxyapatite for Load Bearing Applications', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 925.
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The strongness of the porous structure of Australian coral after a double conversion treatment followed by a HAp sol coating was determined inorder to replace bone in an implant. The characterization studies of the natural and converted corals which involved mechanical testing, XRD, SEM, thermal analysis, NMR and Raman spectroscopy were presented. It was shown that the effectiveness of coralline hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute depends on it's strength and pore size. The pore size of the coral, investigated in the Goniopora species is between 250-500μm with interconnections of about 150μm.
Cameron, B, Foggin, E & Darcy, SA 1970, 'Towards barrier-free tourism: initiatives in the Asia Pacific region', Refereed Conference Proceedings of 'Developing New Markets for Traditional Destinations' - Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA) Canada Conference 2003, Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA) Canda Conference, TTRA-Canada, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 1-14.
Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Volumetric Bone Density at the Femoral Neck as a Common Measure of Hip Fracture Risk for Men and Women', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, pp. 2776-2782.
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Coutts, AJ & Sirotic, AC 1970, 'A comparison of small games training versus interval training for improving aerobic fitness and prolonged, high-intensity, intermittent running performance.', Exercise and sports science conference 2004, AAESS: Exercise & Sports Sceicne conference 2004: From Respect to Practice, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia.
Coutts, AJ, Sirotic, AC & Murphy, AJ 1970, 'Increasing aerobic fitness improves match specific running performance in team sport athletes.', Book of Abstracts, 9th annual congress of the European College of Sports Science, European College of Sports Science, Clermont-Ferrand, France, pp. 243-243.
Coutts, AJ, Wallace, LK & Slattery, KM 1970, 'Biochemical & psychological changes driving deliberate overreaching in experienced triathletes', Exercise & Sports Science 2004 conference, AAESS:Exercise & Sports Science Conference 2004 : From Research to Practice, Central Queensland university, Brisbane, Australia.
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Darcy, SA 1970, 'Keynote Address for Access and Inclusion Workshop - Citizen, Leisure of and Disability', Leisure Matters, 8th World leisure Congress - Leisure Matters, World Leisure, Brisbane, Australia.
Darcy, SA & Cohen, D 1970, 'Don't call it training: A professional development module for disability and inclusive academic practice.', -, Pathways VII: Gathering of the Nation - Red Centre Summit. Inspire, Include, Increase, Tertiary education disability council of Australia Ltd. Victoria, Alice Spring Exhabition and Convention Centre, pp. 211-217.
Eager, DM & Chapman, C 1970, 'Playground Surfacing Standards - A Discussion Paper', National Playground Conference, National Playground Conference, Kidsafe New South Wales Inc, Sydney, Australia, pp. 86-95.
Eager, DM & Chapman, C 1970, 'Why Bounce is Bad', National Playground Conference, National Playground Conference, Kidsafe New South Wales Inc, Sydney, Australia, pp. 186-199.
Figueira, S, Naiksatam, S, Cohen, H, Cutrell, D, Daspit, P, Gutierrez, D, Hoang, DB, Lavian, T, Mambretti, J, Merrill, S & Travostino, F 1970, 'DWDM-RAM: Enabling Grid services with dynamic optical networks', 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, CCGrid 2004, pp. 707-714.
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Advances in Grid technology enable the deployment of data-intensive distributed applications, which require moving Terabytes or even Petabytes of data between data banks. The current underlying networks cannot provide dedicated links with adequate end-to-end sustained bandwidth to support the requirements of these Grid applications. DWDM-RAM 1 is a novel service-oriented architecture, which harnesses the enormous bandwidth potential of optical networks and demonstrates their on-demand usage on the OMNInet. Preliminary experiments suggest that dynamic optical networks, such as the OMNInet, are the ideal option for transferring such massive amounts of data. DWDM-RAM incorporates an OGSI/OGSA compliant service interface and will promote greater convergence between dynamic optical networks and data intensive Grid computing.
Fisher, J, McEwen, HMJ, Tipper, JL, Galvin, AL, Ingram, J, Kamali, A, Stone, MH & Ingham, E 1970, 'Wear, Debris, and Biologic Activity of Cross-linked Polyethylene in the Knee', Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, Joint Annual Meeting of the Knee-Society/Association-of-Hip-and-Knee-Surgeons, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), New Orleans, LA, pp. 114-119.
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Fisher, J, Stewart, TD, Tipper, JL, Hatton, A & Ingham, E 1970, 'Wear, debris and functional biocompatability of third and fourth generation ceramic on ceramic bearing couples', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 223.
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Wear, debris, and functional biocompatibility of third generation Biolox Forte and fourth generation Biolox Delta ceramic bearing couples under standard and micro separation simulator testing were discussed. Microseparation sub-luxation testing was found to be necessary to reproduce clinically relevant stripe wear on both materials. Under standard simulator conditions, the wear of both materials was very low with the wear of Biolox Delta being lower than the wear of Biolox Forte. The low wear, even under the most severe loading conditions, combined with good biocompatibility of the wear debris, indicate that third and fourth generation ceramic on ceramic bearing couples are a good choice for active, high demand patients.
Gabrys, B 1970, 'Learning hybrid neuro-fuzzy classifier models from data: to combine or not to combine?', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, International Workshop on Hybrid Methods for Adaptive Systems held at EUNITE 2001, Elsevier BV, Puerto de la Cruz, SPAIN, pp. 39-56.
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Gabrys, B & Petrakieva, L 1970, 'Combining labelled and unlabelled data in the design of pattern classification systems', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, Workshop on Hybrid Methods for Adaptive Systems, Elsevier BV, Albufeira, PORTUGAL, pp. 251-273.
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Galvin, AL, Endo, MM, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Functional biological activity of non-crosslinked and crosslinked UHMWPE hip joint prostheses', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 145.
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The wear rates, debris and biological activity of non-crosslinked and crosslinked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) hip joint prostheses were studied. The non-crosslinked, slightly crosslinked and highly crosslinked samples of UHMWPE were gamma irradiated in nitrogen and were measurements were taken using a coordinate measuring machine. SEM was used for the analysis of the wear debris from the materials. It was found that the wear rate of the highly crosslinked UHMWPE was lower than for the other materials. While the wear rate of the highly crosslinked materials was low, it only generated a two fold reduction in functional biological activity and osteolytic potential.
Galvin, AL, Tipper, JL, McEwen, HMJ, Williams, S, Stone, MH, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Nanometre sized polyethylene wear debris in hip and knee prostheses', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 345.
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The nanometer sized wear debris of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 1020 GVF generated in hip and knee prostheses was studied using a high resolution field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM). The samples were foil packed and irradiated with 4MRad gamma irradiation in a vacuum. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure the wear of the samples. All tests were carried out in 25% bovine serum diluted with 0.1% sodium azide and were run to 5 million cycles. It was observed that the UHMWPE debris from the knee prostheses was generally larger than the debris from the hip prostheses.
Gorrie, CA, Rodrigue, ML, Duflou, J, Sachdev, P & Waite, PME 1970, 'Older pedestrian fatalities: Assessment of dementia related neuropathology', JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA, 22nd Annual National-Neurotrauma-Society Symposium, MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, San Diego, CA, pp. 1314-1314.
Hecker, M, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 1970, 'A Testbed for Ubiquitous Computing using Next Generation Mobile Networks', Proceedings of the 12th Collector Workshop on e-commerce Collector 2004, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Collector Group, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-11.
Kennedy, PJ, Simoff, SJ, Skillicorn, D & Catchpoole, D 1970, 'Extracting and explaining biological knowledge in microarray data', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Sydney, Australia, pp. 699-703.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004. This paper describes a method of clustering lists of genes mined from a microarray dataset using functional information from the Gene Ontology. The method uses relationships between terms in the ontology both to build clusters and to extract meaningful cluster descriptions. The approach is general and may be applied to assist explanation of other datasets associated with ontologies.
Lavian, T, Mambretti, J, Cutrell, D, Cohen, H, Merrill, S, Durairaj, R, Daspit, P, Monga, I, Naiksatam, S, Figueira, S, Gutierrez, D, Hoang, D & Travostino, F 1970, 'DWDM-RAM: A data intensive grid service architecture enabled by dynamic optical networks', IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2004. CCGrid 2004., IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2004. CCGrid 2004., IEEE, Chicago, USA, pp. 762-764.
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Next generation applications and architectures (for example, Grids) are driving radical changes in the nature of traffic, service models, technology, and cost, creating opportunities for an advanced communications infrastructure to tackle next generation data services. To take advantage of these trends and opportunities, research communities are creating new architectures, such as the Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), which are being implemented in new prototype advanced infrastructures. The DWDM-RAM project, funded by DARPA, is actively addressing the challenges of next generation applications. DWDM-RAM is an architecture for data-intensive services enabled by next generation dynamic optical networks. It develops and demonstrates a novel architecture for new data communication services, within the OGSA context, that allows for managing extremely large sets of distributed data. Novel features move network services beyond notions of the network as a managed resource, for example, by including capabilities for dynamic on-demand provisioning and advance scheduling. DWDM-RAM encapsulates optical network resources (Lambdas, lightpaths) into a Grid service and integrates their management within the Open Grid Service Architecture. Migration to emerging standards such as WS-Resource Framework (WS-RF) should be straightforward. In initial applications, DWDM-RAM targets specific data-intensive services such as rapid, massive data transfers used by large scale eScience applications, including: high-energy physics, geophysics, life science, bioinformatics, genomics, medical morphometry, tomography, microscopy imaging, astronomical and astrophysical imaging, complex modeling, and visualization.
Le, T, Hoang, DB & Simmonds, AJ 1970, 'An Efficient Scheme for Locating Nodes in the Internet Geo-LPM: Geographic Longest Prefix Matching', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunications Networks and Applications Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC, Bondi, Australia, pp. 289-296.
Li, J & Ramamohanarao, K 1970, 'A Tree-Based Approach to the Discovery of Diagnostic Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, 8th Pacific/Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 682-691.
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Li, M & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Resource discovery and fair intelligent admission control over differentiated services networks for variable-length packets', 2004 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE 10TH ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, Beijing, China, pp. 499-503.
Li, M, Hoang, DB & ieee 1970, 'Edge-aware resource discovery and fair intelligent admission control scheme over multi-domain differentiated services networks', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, Paris, France, pp. 2065-2070.
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Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK & IEEE 1970, 'Genetic Algorithm Based Variable-Structure Neural Network and its Industrial Application', IECON 2004: 30TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOL 2, 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON), IEEE, Busan, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1273-1278.
Milev, AS, Kannangara, GK, Ben-Nissan, B & Wilson, MA 1970, 'Template directed synthesis of nanosized bone-like apatite', Oz Nano 03 Proceeding of the Aisa Pacific Nanotechnology FOrum 2003, Oz Nano, World Scientific, Cairns, Australia, pp. 87-92.
Mitchell, RA, Nguyen, HT, Thornton, BS, Hung, WT, Lee, W, Rickard, M & ieee 1970, 'Mammogram object detection using dendronic image analysis', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-7, Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1763-1765.
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Breast cancer can be treated with better patient outcomes and significantly lower costs if detected early. Using the spatial dendronic structure, image masks can be obtained, showing regions in the mammogram image corresponding to the breast and lead marker. The technique is robust to noise and placement of the breast within the image. The technique not only reduces the size of the region to be analysed, but also provides the dendronic structure of the breast in which stealth-like masses can be found more easily.
Nguyen, C, Hoang, DB & Symvonis, A 1970, 'Cost-based optimization for video-on-demand using delayed-multicast', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Communication Systems and Networks, CSN2004, ACTA Press, Marbella, Spain, pp. 190-195.
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This paper examines the issue of how to build a cost effective system for delivering video-on-demand. Rather than simply utilizing buffer space to minimize aggregate bandwidth requirement from the server as is the common case in many previous works, we examine how to minimize the overall cost when amortized buffer cost and bandwidth cost are taken into account. An algorithm which minimizes this overall cost is presented along with simulation results comparing it with other schemes.
Nguyen, C, Hoang, DB, Zhao, IL & Lavian, T 1970, 'Implementation of a quality of service feedback control loop on programmable routers', 2004 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 578-582.
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Current Diffserv architecture lacks mechanisms for network path discovery with specific service performance. Our aim is to introduce an enhanced-Diffserv scheme utilizing a feedback loop to gather path information and allow better flexibility in managing Diffserv flows. We utilize state-of-the-art programmable routers that can host the control loop operation without compromising their normal routing and switching functionalities. Furthermore, the control feedback loop implemented on the control plane of the router can selectively alter the behaviour of a specific data flow in real-time.
Nguyen, HT, King, LM, Knight, G & ieee 1970, 'Real-time head movement system and embedded linux implementation for the control of power wheelchairs', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-7, Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, San Francisco, USA, pp. 4892-4895.
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Mobility has become very important for our quality of life. A loss of mobility due to an injury is usually accompanied by a loss of self-confidence. For many individuals, independent mobility is an important aspect of self-esteem. Head movement is a natural form of pointing and can be used to directly replace the joystick whilst still allowing for similar control. Through the use of embedded LINUX and artificial intelligence, a bands-free head movement wheelchair controller has been designed and implemented successfully. This system provides for severely disabled users an effective power wheelchair control method with improved posture, ease of use and attractiveness.
Nguyen, S, Nguyen, H & Taylor, P 1970, 'Hands-free control of power wheelchairs using Bayesian neural network classification', IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, 2004., IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, 2004., IEEE, Singapore, pp. 745-749.
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This paper describes the formulation and implementation of Bayesian neural networks for head-movement classification in a hands-free wheelchair navigation system. Bayesian neural network training adjusts the weight decay parameters automatically to their near-optimal values that give the best generalisation. Moreover, no separate validation set is used so all available data can be used for training. Experimental results are presented showing that Bayesian neural network can classify the head movement accurately.
Nguyen, TVM, Nguyen, HT, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Sliding mode neural controller for nonlinear systems with higher-order and uncertainties', 2004 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1026-1031.
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In this paper, we propose a new neural controller architecture which is derived from adaptive sliding mode control framework for SISO nonlinear system with higher-order and uncertainties. This neural controller can overcome some disadvantages inherent in sliding mode controllers such as chattering problem, complex calculation of the equivalent control term and unavailable knowledge of the upper bounds of system uncertainties. Experimental results for a Coupled Drives CE8 system show that a real-time neural controller has been implemented successfully.
Petrakieva, L & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Selective Sampling for Combined Learning from Labelled and Unlabelled Data', APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE IN SOFT COMPUTING, 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIV, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND, pp. 139-146.
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Pine, MJ, Murphy, AJ, Watsford, ML & Coutts, AJ 1970, 'Specific respiratory muscle training: the effects of various training strategies upon repeat sprint performance.', 9th Annual Congress: European College of Sport Science - Book of Abstracts., 9th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, -, Clermont-Ferrand, France, pp. 269-269.
Roest, R, Eberhardt, AW, Latella, B, Wuhrer, R & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'Tribology and adhesion of zirconia nano-coatings on surface treated titanium', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 1783.
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The effects of tribology and tensile adhesion of zirconia nano-coatings on surface treated titanium metal surfaces, were analyzed. The modification of titanium metal surfaces was performed by anodizing and phosphatase treatment with specific phosphate adsorption and photocatalysis treatments to improve the wettability. The titanium samples were anodized in sulfuric and phosphoric acid at varying concentrations and at different currents ranging from 10mins to 30mins. The tribological properties were investigated using an AMTI Orthopod machine, with UHMWPE pins articulating in bovine serum. The results show that adhesion tests for 50V anodizing, photo catalysis reaction and phosphate treatment, exhibited higher interfacial fracture energy.
Roest, R, Eberhardt, AW, Latella, BA, Wuhrer, R & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'Adhesion of sol-gel derived zirconia nano-coatings on surface treated titanium', BIOCERAMICS, VOL 16, Bioceramics 16, Trans Tech Publications, Portugal, pp. 455-458.
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The morphology, adhesion and tribological properties of the zirconia sol-gel coatings on phosphate treated, anodized and un-treated titanium surfaces were investigated. The anodization of titanium involves the formation of a thin, compact, oxide layer, which improves the wettability for further coating. This process involves the conversion of the rutile structure of the original titanium oxide into a mostly crystalline anatase structure. The samples were anodized in sulphuric and phosphoric acid at varying concentrations. The samples were anodized at differing currents and differing time periods ranging from 10 to 30 minutes. Phosphate adsorption treatment involves soaking samples in 10% H3PO4 solution for 10 minutes. These samples were spin coated with zirconia, yielding 100 nm thick films. The nanocoatings were prepared by alkoxide sol-gel chemistry, using techniques and protocols developed in an earlier work and were examined with x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Interfacial and adhesion properties were measured using a micromechanical tensile test. The tribological properties were investigated using an Orthopod machine, with commercial grade ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) pins (3/8 inch diameter) that can articulate in number of different combinations against opposing coated and control specimens. The UHMWPE pins were used in a bovine serum environment. The amount of the wear was measured gravimetrically and wear features were observed using SEM.
Sirotic, AC, Slattery, KM, Wallace, LK, Murphy, AJ & Coutts, AJ 1970, 'Physiological & Performance test predictors of prolonged, high-intensity, intermittent running performance', Exercise & Sports Science Conference 2004, AAESS: Exercise & Sports Science Conference 2004 from research to practice, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia.
Skillicorn, D, Simoff, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Catchpoole, DR 1970, 'Strategies for Winnowing Microarray Data', Proceedings SIAM Bioinformatics Workshop, SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Uppsala University, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA, pp. 45-51.
Skinner, B, Nguyen, HT & Liu, D 1970, 'Performance Study of a Multi-Deme Parallel Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Mutation', Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents (ICARA'04), International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 88-94.
Wallace, LK, Slattery, KM, Sirotic, AC, Murphy, AJ & Coutts, AJ 1970, 'Predictors of 3KM Running Performance in experienced Triatheletes', Exercise & Sports Science Conference 2004, AAESS: Exercise & Sports Science Conference 2004 : From Research to Practice, Central Queensland university, Brisbane, Australia.
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Wegdam, M, van Bemmel, J, Lagerberg, K & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'An architecture for user location in heterogeneous mobile networks', HIGH SPEED NETWORKS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, High Speed Networks And Multimedia Communications, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Tolouse,France, pp. 479-491.
Whitehead, DJ, Skusa, A & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Evaluating an evolutionary approach for reconstructing gene regulatory networks', ARTIFICIAL LIFE IX, 9th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Artificial Life (ALIFE9), MIT PRESS, Boston, MA, pp. 427-432.
Wuhrer, R, Moran, K, Huggett, P, Phillips, MR & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'X-Ray Mapping and Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction of Phases in Welded Materials', Microscopy and Microanalysis, Microscopy & Microanalysis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Savannah, USA, pp. 916-917.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Zhou, H, Hoang, D, Nhan, P, Mirchandani, V & ieee 1970, 'Introducing feedback congestion control to a network with IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN', 2004 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, WTS: Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, IEEE, Pomona, USA, pp. 61-66.
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The interpretation by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) of loss of linkage as loss due to congestion causes significant inefficiency in a wireless network Congestion that often occurs in a wireless LAN results in further reduced performance. This paper introduces a method of controlling congestion in a network via a feedback mechanism called Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) which is useful for improving TCP performance in such a network FICC overcomes the inefficiency of TCP in misinterpreting the link loss as congestion loss. Simulation testing demonstrated that, by eliminating buffer overflows caused by congestions, FICC provides desirable fairness, reduces delay variation and improves effective throughput.
Zhou, H, Hoang, DB & Nhan, P 1970, 'A Scheme for Improving TCP Fairness and Throughput in Wireless Networks', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Application Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC, Bondi, Australia, pp. 576-581.
Zhou, H, Leis, J, Hoang, DB & Nhan, P 1970, 'Throughput and Fairness of Multiple TCP connections in Wireless Networks', Proceedings The 3rd Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing WITSP'2004, Workshop on internet, telecommunications and signal processing, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 273-276.
