Ammit, AJ, Lazaar, AL, Irani, C, O'Neill, GM, Gordon, ND, Amrani, Y, Penn, RB & Panettieri, RA 2002, 'Tumor Necrosis Factor- α –Induced Secretion of RANTES and Interleukin-6 from Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells', American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 465-474.
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Bai, L, Tuch, BE, Hering, B & Simpson, AM 2002, 'Fetal pig ?? cells are resistant to the toxic effects of human cytokines1', Transplantation, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 714-722.
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Bai, L, Tuch, BE, Hering, B & Simpson, AM 2002, 'Fetal pig beta cells are resistant to the toxic effects of human cytokines.', Transplantation, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 714-722.
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BACKGROUND: The cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is thought to be responsible for primary nonfunction of islets when transplanted. This, and two other cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are also implicated in the autoimmune destruction of beta cells. It is unknown if the fetal pig beta cell, which is being transplanted as a treatment for type 1 diabetes, is affected by these cytokines. METHODS: We compared the effects of the cytokines on the function and viability of adult and fetal pig beta cells. The cells were cultured for up to 3 days in the presence of 2000 pg/ml of human IL-1beta, 1000 U/ml of TNF-alpha, and 1000 U/ml of IFN-gamma, as well as 1000 U/ml of porcine IFN-gamma. Cumulative insulin levels, insulin content, metabolic activity, and viability of these cells were examined. Additionally, nitric oxide production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in these cells were also determined. RESULTS: TNF-alpha and the combination of the three human cytokines caused a transient increase in cumulative insulin levels. TNF-alpha alone enhanced insulin content on day 3. There was no effect of these human cytokines on mitochondrial function and viability. In contrast, porcine IFN-gamma inhibited fetal pig beta cell function and also caused their death. Adult pig islets are sensitive to the toxic effects of human TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, the combination of the three cytokines, and porcine IFN-gamma. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly higher in fetal pig beta cells than in adult islets, implying that this may be the reason for the lack of adverse effects of the cytokines on the fetal beta cell. CONCLUSION: Fetal pig beta cells are resistant to the toxic effect of the human cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, in vitro. This resistance suggests that fetal, but not adult beta cells, when transplanted into humans with type 1 di...
Bell, J, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Wroblewski, BM & Fisher, J 2002, 'Quantitative analysis of UHMWPE wear debris isolated from the periprosthetic femoral tissues from a series of Charnley total hip arthroplasties.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 189-201.
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Submicrometer and micrometer-sized UHMWPE wear particles have been associated with osteolysis and failure of total hip replacements. A previous study by Tipper et al. examined the wear debris isolated from the acetabular periprosthetic tissues from 18 Charnley total hip replacements, and compared this data to the tribological variables of the prostheses. The present study aimed to isolate the UHMWPE wear debris from the femoral periprosthetic tissues from 10 of the same cohort of patients, and compare it with the debris isolated from the corresponding acetabular tissues. A variety of particle morphologies were observed, discrete submicrometer particles, along with flakes and fibrils. The particle size distributions ranged from 0.1 to >250 microm, however, the largest particles were only found in samples when the femoral head damage was characterised as low (R(pm) < 0.2 microm). The mode of the frequency distribution of particles was in the range of 0.1-0.5 microm for all the femoral tissues. Considerable variations were found in the mass distributions of the wear particles as a function of size for different patients. The net mass of debris isolated from the femoral tissues was significantly lower (p < 0.05, Student's t-test) than from the corresponding acetabular tissues. This along with considerable spatial variation in the net mass of debris isolated from the different regions of the same sample of acetabular tissue, indicates that the transportation of the debris has a marked effect on the net mass of debris accumulated in different tissues.
Ben-Nissan, B & Pezzotti, G 2002, 'Bioceramics: Processing routes and mechanical evaluation', Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, vol. 110, no. 1283, pp. 601-608.
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An improved understanding of currently used bioceramics in human implants and in bone replacement materials could Contribute significantly to the design of new generation prostheses and post-operative patient management strategies. Overall, the benefits of advanced ceramic materials in biomedical applications have been universally appreciated, specifically, in terms of their strength, biocompatibility and wear resistance. However, the amount of supporting data is not large and the continuous development of new characterization tools is pertinent for better understanding of the microstructure-properties relationship and in general for obtaining new directives for their further improvement. This paper gives an overview and re-examines key-issues which concern both processing and applications of ceramics as biomaterials. With doing this, we attempt to bring to the attention of the ceramic community the issues in current bioceramics.
BEN-NISSAN, B & PEZZOTTI, G 2002, 'Bioceramics: Processing Routes and Mechanical Evaluation.', Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, vol. 110, no. 1283, pp. 601-608.
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Bolger, AP, Sharma, R, von Haehling, S, Doehner, W, Oliver, B, Rauchhaus, M, Coats, AJS, Adcock, IM & Anker, SD 2002, 'Effect of interleukin-10 on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic heart failure', The American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 384-389.
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Buist, MD 2002, 'Effects of a medical emergency team on reduction of incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrests in hospital: preliminary study', BMJ, vol. 324, no. 7334, pp. 387-390.
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Coutts, A, Reaburn, P, Mummery, K & Holmes, M 2002, 'The Effect of Glycerol Hyperhydration on Olympic Distance Triathlon Performance in High Ambient Temperatures', International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 105-119.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prior glycerol loading on competitive Olympic distance triathlon performance (ODT) in high ambient temperatures. Ten (3 female and 7 male) well-trained triathletes (VO2max = 58.4 ±2.4 ml-kg−1 min−1; best ODT time = 131.5 ± 2.6 min) completed 2 ODTs (1.5-km swim, 40-km bicycle, 10-km run) in a randomly assigned (placebo/ glycerol) double-blind study conducted 2 weeks apart. The wet-bulb globe temperature (outdoors) was 30.5 + 0.5 °C (relative humidity: 46.3 ± 1.1%; hot) and 25.4 + 0.2 °C (relative humidity: 51.7 ± 2.4%; warm) for day 1 and day 2, respectively. The glycerol solution consisted of 1.2 g of glycerol per kilogram of body mass (BM) and 25 ml of a 0.75 g · kg−1 BM carbohydrate solution (Gatorade®) and was consumed over a 60-min period, 2 hours prior to each ODT. Measures of performance (ODT time), fluid retention, urine output, blood plasma volume changes, and sweat loss were obtained prior to and during the ODT in both the glycerol and placebo conditions. Following glycerol loading, the increase in ODT completion time between the hot and warm conditions was significantly less than the placebo group (placebo 11:40 min vs. glycerol 1:47 min; p < .05). The majority of the performance improvement occurred during the final 10-km run leg of ODT on the hot day. Hyperhydration occurred as a consequence of a reduced diuresis (p < .05) and a subsequent increase in fluid retention (p < .05). No significant differences were observed in sweat loss between the glycerol and placebo conditions. Plasma volume expansion during the loading period was significantly greater (p < .05) on the hot day when glycerol appeared to attenuate the performance decrement in the heat. The present results suggest th...
Darcy, SA 2002, 'Legal Notes: the disability discrimination act: recreation services and people with disabilities', Australasian Parks and Leisure, vol. 5, pp. 41-42.
Darcy, SA 2002, 'Marginalised participation: physical disability, high support needs and tourism', Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 61-72.
De Abreu Lourenco, R & Wonder, M 2002, 'More than just currency conversion may be needed', British Medical Journal, vol. 17.
Death, AK, Nakhla, S, McGrath, KCY, Martell, S, Yue, DK, Jessup, W & Celermajer, DS 2002, 'Nitroglycerin upregulates matrix metalloproteinase expression by human macrophages', Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 1943-1950.
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OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether nitroglycerin (NTG) treatment affects matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression and activities in human macrophages. BACKGROUND Nitroglycerin is one of the most frequently used therapeutic agents for
Djajakesukma, SL, Samali, B & Nguyen, H 2002, 'Study of a semi‐active stiffness damper under various earthquake inputs', Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1757-1776.
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AbstractSemi‐active stiffness damper (SASD) is one of many semi‐active control systems with the capability to mitigate the dynamic response using only a small amount of external power. The system consists of a hydraulic damper connected to the bracing frame in a selected story unit. In this paper, study of a SASD in two building models of five‐stories under four benchmark earthquake records is reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the control system against structure type and varying earthquake inputs. Various control laws are chosen to work with SASD, such as: resetting control, switching control, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and modified LQR, and the results are compared with no control and passive control cases. Numerical results show that the use of a SASD is effective in reducing seismic responses. Control effectiveness is dependent on the type of structure and earthquake excitation. Passive control is less effective than other control cases as expected. Resetting control, switching control and LQR generally perform similarly in response reduction. While modified LQR is more efficient and robust compared with other control algorithms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duflos, S, Diaz, G, Gay, V & Horlait, E 2002, 'A comparative study of policy specification languages for secure distributed applications', MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, vol. 2506, pp. 157-168.
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This paper presents a comparative study of policy specification languages. Our objective is to find policy language or notation that is the most suitable to express the security aspects of distributed applications running on policy-based networks. We fir
Dunlop, RA, Rodgers, KJ & Dean, RT 2002, 'Recent developments in the intracellular degradation of oxidized proteins', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 894-906.
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The accumulation of oxidized proteins in cells and tissues is a feature of a number of age-related diseases and may also occur as a result of the aging process itself. In this article we review recent advances in our understanding of the cellular degrada
Evans, AW, Leeson, RMA & Newton-John, TRO 2002, 'The influence of self-deception and impression management on surgeons' self-assessment scores', MEDICAL EDUCATION, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1095-1095.
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Fisher, J, Hu, XQ, Tipper, JL, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Stone, MH, Davies, C, Hatto, P, Bolton, J, Riley, M, Hardaker, C, Isaac, GH, Berry, G & Ingham, E 2002, 'An in vitro study of the reduction in wear of metal-on-metal hip prostheses using surface-engineered femoral heads', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 216, no. 4, pp. 219-230.
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Although the wear of existing metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses (1 mm3/106 cycles) is much lower than the more widely used polyethylene-on-metal bearings, there are concerns about the toxicity of metal wear particles and elevated metal ion levels, both locally and systemically, in the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of reducing the volume of wear, the concentration of metal debris and the level of metal ion release through using surfaceengineered femoral heads. Three thick (8-12 μm) coatings (TiN, CrN and CrCN) and one thin (2 μm) coating (diamond-like carbon, DLC), were evaluated on the femoral heads when articulating against high carbon content cobalt-chromium alloy acetabular inserts (HC CoCrMo) and compared with a clinically used MOM cobalt-chromium alloy bearing couple using a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator (Leeds Mark II). This study showed that CrN, CrCN and DLC coatings produced substantially lower wear volumes for both the coated femoral heads and the HC CoCrMo inserts. The TiN coating itself had little wear, but it caused relatively high wear of the HC CoCrMo inserts compared with the other coatings. The majority of the wear debris for all half-coated couples comprised small, 30 nm or less, CoCrMo metal particles. The Co, Cr and Mo ion concentrations released from the bearing couples of CrN-, CrCN- and DLC-coated heads articulating against HC CoCrMo inserts were at least 7 times lower than those released from the clinical MOM prostheses. These surface-engineered femoral heads articulating on HC CoCrMo acetabular inserts produced significantly lower wear volumes and rates, and hence lower volumetric concentrations of wear particles, compared with the clinical MOM prosthesis. The substantially lower ion concentration released by these surface-engineered components provides important evidence to support the clinical application of this technology.
Gabrys, B 2002, 'Neuro-fuzzy approach to processing inputs with missing values in pattern recognition problems', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 149-179.
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Gay, V, Duflos, S, Kervella, B, Diaz, G & Horlait, E 2002, 'Policy-based Quality of Service and security management for multimedia services on IP networks in the RTIPA* project', MANAGEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ON THE INTERNET, vol. 2496, pp. 25-35.
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This paper summarizes the research work that has been conducted in the context of the RTIPA project on policy-based QoS (Quality of Service) and security management for distributed multimedia services. It presents an architecture allowing the derivation
George, A 2002, 'Efflux of chloramphenicol by the CmlA1 protein', FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 209, no. 2, pp. 209-213.
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George, AM & Hall, RM 2002, 'Efflux of chloramphenicol by the CmlA1 protein', FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 209, no. 2, pp. 209-213.
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The cmlA1 gene cassette contains the cmlA1 gene, that confers resistance to chloramphenicol, as well as a promoter and translational attenuation signals, and expression of cmlA1 is inducible by low concentrations of chloramphenicol. The CmlA1 protein encoded by cmlA1 was localised in the inner membrane. Active efflux of chloramphenicol, additional to the endogenous efflux from Escherichia coli cells, was observed when the cmlA1 gene was present and the production of CmlA1 had been preinduced with subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol. Both endogenous and CmlA1-mediated export of chloramphenicol was driven by the proton-motive force. © 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Goncharova, EA, Ammit, AJ, Irani, C, Carroll, RG, Eszterhas, AJ, Panettieri, RA & Krymskaya, VP 2002, 'PI3K is required for proliferation and migration of human pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells', American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol. 283, no. 2, pp. L354-L363.
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Human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration contribute to vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and atherosclerosis. The precise mechanisms that regulate structural remodeling of the vessel wall remain unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation is both necessary and sufficient to mediate human pulmonary vascular smooth muscle (PVSM) cell proliferation and migration. Microinjection of human PVSM cells with a dominant-negative class IA PI3K inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced DNA synthesis by 65% ( P < 0.001; χ2analysis) compared with cells microinjected with control plasmid, whereas microinjection of cells with a constitutively active class IA PI3K (p110*-CA) was sufficient to induce DNA synthesis (mitotic index of p110*-CA-microinjected cells was 15% vs. 3% in control cells; P < 0.01). Transfection of PVSM cells with p110*-CA was also sufficient to promote human PVSM cell migration. In parallel experiments, stimulation of human PVSM cells with PDGF induced PI3K-dependent activation of Akt, p70 S6 kinase, and ribosomal protein S6 but not mitogen-activated protein kinase. PDGF-induced proliferation and migration was inhibited by LY-294002. These results demonstrate that PI3K signaling is both necessary and sufficient to mediate human PVSM cell proliferation and migration and suggest that the activation of PI3K may play an important role in vascular remodeling.
Gorrie, C, Oakes, S, Duflou, J, Blumbergs, P & Waite, PME 2002, 'Axonal Injury in Children after Motor Vehicle Crashes: Extent, Distribution, and Size of Axonal Swellings Usingβ-APP Immunohistochemistry', Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1171-1182.
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The brains of 32 children (3 months to 16 years) who died as a result of motor vehicle collisions were examined for axonal injury using,beta-APP immunohistochemistry. The extent and distribution of axonal injury was assessed and quantified throughout the
Huntriss, J 2002, 'Isolation, characterization and expression of the human Factor In the Germline alpha (FIGLA) gene in ovarian follicles and oocytes', Molecular Human Reproduction, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1087-1095.
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Hutton, BF, Braun, M, Thurfjell, L & Lau, DY 2002, 'Image registration: an essential tool for nuclear medicine', European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 559-577.
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Hutvagner, G & Zamore, PD 2002, 'RNA interference: Nature hates double strands', BIOFUTUR, vol. 228, no. 228, pp. 52-57.
Hutvágner, G & Zamore, PD 2002, 'A microRNA in a Multiple-Turnover RNAi Enzyme Complex', Science, vol. 297, no. 5589, pp. 2056-2060.
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In animals, the double-stranded RNA-specific endonuclease Dicer produces two classes of functionally distinct, tiny RNAs: microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). miRNAs regulate mRNA translation, whereas siRNAs direct RNA destruction via the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Here we show that, in human cell extracts, the miRNA let - 7 naturally enters the RNAi pathway, which suggests that only the degree of complementarity between a miRNA and its RNA target determines its function. Human let - 7 is a component of a previously identified, miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein particle, which we show is an RNAi enzyme complex. Each let - 7 –containing complex directs multiple rounds of RNA cleavage, which explains the remarkable efficiency of the RNAi pathway in human cells.
Hutvágner, G & Zamore, PD 2002, 'RNAi: nature abhors a double-strand', Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 225-232.
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In organisms as diverse as nematodes, trypanosomes, plants, and fungi, double-stranded RNA triggers the destruction of homologous mRNAs, a phenomenon known as RNA interference. RNA interference begins with the transformation of the double-stranded RNA into small RNAs that then guide a protein nuclease to destroy their mRNA targets.
Ingram, J, Matthews, JB, Tipper, J, Stone, M, Fisher, J & Ingham, E 2002, 'Comparison of the biological activity of grade GUR 1120 and GUR 415HP UHMWPE wear debris.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 177-188.
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This study evaluated the in vitro response of murine macrophages to clinically relevant polyethylene particles from two grades of UHMWPE at varying volume doses. Clinically relevant UHMWPE wear debris was generated in vitro using a tri-pin-on-disc tribometer. The debris was observed using a scanning electron microscope and analysed by image analysis. There was no significant difference in the wear rates of the two grades of UHMWPE. Analysis of the wear debris showed that GUR 415HP produced a higher percentage of mass of debris in the submeter size range compared to GUR 1120. The wear debris was co-cultured with C3H murine peritoneal macrophages at particle volume (microm(3)): cell number ratios of 100 :1, 50 :1, 10 :1 and 1 :1 for both grades of UHMWPE and additionally at 0.5 :1 and 0.1 :1 for grade GUR 415HP. The secretion of TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA. Significantly elevated levels of TNF-alpha were secreted at 100 :1 ratio when macrophages were challenged with wear debris from GUR 1120 and at 10 :1 and 1 :1 for debris from GUR 415HP. The results suggested that the greater percentage mass of debris in the submicrometer size range from GUR 415HP lead to a substantial increase in biological activity for this grade of UHMWPE on a volume for volume basis when compared with GUR 1120.
Jones, PM & George, AM 2002, 'Mechanism of ABC transporters: A molecular dynamics simulation of a well characterized nucleotide-binding subunit', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 99, no. 20, pp. 12639-12644.
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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane-bound molecular pumps that form one of the largest of all protein families. Several of them are central to phenomena of biomedical interest, including cystic fibrosis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. ABC transporters share a common architecture comprising two hydrophilic nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and two hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TMDs) that form the substrate pathway across the membrane. The conformational changes in the NBDs induced by ATP hydrolysis and the means by which they are transmitted to the TMDs to effect substrate translocation remain largely unknown. We have performed a molecular dynamics simulation of HisP, the well studied NBD of the bacterial histidine permease, to identify hinges and switches of the NBD conformational transitions and subunit–subunit interfaces. This analysis reveals that the TMDs regulate ATP hydrolysis by controlling conformational transitions of the NBD helical domains, and identifies the conformational changes and the crucial TMD:NBD interface, by which the energy of ATP hydrolysis is transmitted to the TMDs. We also define the conformational transitions of the Q-loop, a key element of the NBD mechanism, and identify pathways by which Q-loop switching is coordinated with TMD and NBD conformational changes. We propose a model for the catalytic cycle of ABC transporters that shows how substrate-binding and transport by the TMDs may be coordinated and coupled with ATP binding and hydrolysis in the NBDs.
Li, J & Wong, L 2002, 'Identifying good diagnostic gene groups from gene expression profiles using the concept of emerging patterns', Bioinformatics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 725-734.
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Abstract Motivations and Results: Gene groups that are significantly related to a disease can be detected by conducting a series of gene expression experiments. This work is aimed at discovering special types of gene groups that satisfy the following property. In each group, its member genes are found to be one-to-one contained in pre-determined intervals of gene expression level with a large frequency in one class of cells but are never found unanimously in these intervals in the other class of cells. We call these gene groups emerging patterns, to emphasize the patterns' frequency changes between two classes of cells. We use effective discretization and gene selection methods to obtain the most discriminatory genes. We also use efficient algorithms to derive the patterns from these genes. According to our studies on the ALL/AML dataset and the colon tumor dataset, some patterns, which consist of one or more genes, can reach a high frequency of 90%, or even 100%. In other words, they nearly or fully dominate one class of cells, even though they rarely occur in the other class. The discovered patterns are used to classify new cells with a higher accuracy than other reported methods. Based on these patterns, we also conjecture the possibility of a personalized treatment plan which converts colon tumor cells into normal cells by modulating the expression levels of a few genes. Contact: jinyan@krdl.org.sg; limsoon@krdl.org.sg * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Marik, PE, Varon, J, Abroug, F, Besbes, L, Nouira, S, Sarkar, S, Kupfer, Y, Tessler, S, Rivers, EP & Nguyen, HB 2002, 'Goal-Directed Therapy for Severe Sepsis', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 346, no. 13, pp. 1025-1026.
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Marsh, DJ & Zori, RT 2002, 'Genetic insights into familial cancers – update and recent discoveries', Cancer Letters, vol. 181, no. 2, pp. 125-164.
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Mazzanti, M, Warton, K, Tonini, R, Lorenzi, G, Fairlie, WD, Matthews, J, Valenzuela, S, Qiu, M, Wu, W, Pankhurst, S, Bauskin, AR, Campbell, TJ, Curmi, PM & Breit, SN 2002, 'Ncc27 (clic1) Interacts With Artifical Bylayer In A Ph Dependent Manner To Form Chloride Ion Channels', Biophysical Journal, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Miro, JV & White, AS 2002, 'Modelling an industrial manipulator a case study', Simulation Practice and Theory, vol. 9, no. 6-8, pp. 293-319.
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A practical application of the modelling and validation of an open-chain industrial manipulator is presented in this paper. Both mechanical and electrical equations of motion were used to provide a complete model description. A model was obtained to enable an optimal path-planning controller to be designed. The paper describes how the equations of motion were derived and how the key parameters were obtained. The manipulator was simulated with TELEGRIP software. A validation procedure is illustrated and its' limitations exposed. The overall motion was found to give an agreement with the model predictions to within 86% for the smallest link and better than 96% for the major joints. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Miro, JV & White, AS 2002, 'Quasi-optimal trajectory planning and control of a CRS A251 industrial robot', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, vol. 216, no. 4, pp. 343-356.
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A near-optimal solution to the path-unconstrained time-optimal trajectory planning problem is described in this paper. While traditional trajectory planning strategies are entirely based on kinematic considerations, manipulator dynamics are usually neglected altogether. The strategy presented in this work has two distinguishing features. Firstly, the trajectory planning problem is reformulated as an optimal control problem, which is in turn solved using Pontryagin's maximum/minimum principle. This approach merges the traditional division of trajectory planning followed by trajectory tracking into one process. Secondly, the feedback form compensates for the dynamic approximation errors derived from linearization and the fundamental parameter uncertainty of the dynamic equations of motion. This approach can cope with flexible robots as well as rigid links. The terminal phase of the motion is controlled by a feedforward controller to reduce chatter vibrations. Results from simulations and an on-line implementation to a general-purpose open-chain industrial manipulator, the CRS A251, confirm the validity of the approach and show that maximizing the capabilities of the device can lead to an overall improvement in the manipulator time response of up to 24 per cent, while retaining an acceptable overshoot and steady state error regime.
Miro, JV & White, AS 2002, 'Quasi-optimal trajectory planning and control of a CRS A251 industrial robot', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING, vol. 216, no. I4, pp. 343-356.
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Naganathan, V, Macgregor, A, Snieder, H, Nguyen, T, Spector, T & Sambrook, P 2002, 'Gender Differences in the Genetic Factors Responsible for Variation in Bone Density and Ultrasound', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 725-733.
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Abstract Although genetic factors are thought to explain a large proportion of the variation in bone density in women, few studies have been conducted in men. Therefore, it is unclear whether the individual differences in bone strength between men and women are a reflection of gender differences in the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on bone density variance. The aim of this study was to determine if there were gender differences in the genetic components of variance for bone density and ultrasound. In addition, the study aimed to explore the hypothesis that there are unique gender-specific genetic determinants of these traits. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, distal forearm, and lumbar spine were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as well as quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the calcaneus in healthy female twin pairs (286 identical [MZ] and 265 nonidentical [DZ]), male twin pairs (72 MZ and 65 DZ), and 82 opposite-sex (OS) pairs aged between 18 and 80 years. For hip BMD, distal forearm, and QUS measurements, the differences between MZ correlations and like-sex DZ correlations were similar for both sexes, suggesting little difference in the component of total variance explained by genetic factors between male and female twin pairs. However, correlations between OS twin pairs were lower than that of like-sex twin pairs, suggesting the possibility of unique gender-specific genetic effects. At the forearm, model fitting suggested a small gender difference in the magnitude of genetic variance as well as the presence of a unique gender-specific genetic variance component. Hip, lumbar spine, and QUS measurements were better explained by models that assumed no gender differences in genetic variance between the sexes, but the study had insufficient power to detect small differences in the genetic components of variance. The results of this study suggest that the proport...
Newton-John, TRO 2002, 'Solicitousness and chronic pain: a critical review', PAIN REVIEWS, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 7-27.
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O’Brien, BA, Huang, Y, Geng, X, Dutz, JP & Finegood, DT 2002, 'Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages From NOD Mice Is Reduced', Diabetes, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 2481-2488.
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Macrophages limit inflammatory responses by clearing apoptotic cells. Deficiencies in apoptotic cell phagocytosis have been linked to autoimmunity. In this study, we determined the efficiency with which macrophages from diabetes-prone NOD and diabetes-resistant NOR, Idd5, Balb/c, and C57BL/6 mice phagocytose apoptotic thymocytes and NIT-1 insulinoma cells. Peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages from NOD mice engulfed fewer apoptotic thymocytes than macrophages from Balb/c mice (P < 0.05). Peritoneal macrophages from NOR and Idd5 NOD congenic mice were more proficient at engulfment than their NOD counterparts. Annexin V blockade diminished apoptotic thymocyte clearance and heat-labile serum factors augmented clearance. Binding of apoptotic thymocytes to NOD macrophages was also reduced, suggesting that the deficiency in phagocytosis may be partly attributable to a recognition defect. Peritoneal macrophages from female Balb/c and NOD mice were equally efficient in the engulfment of microspheres, suggesting that the phagocytic deficiency observed in NOD mice was specific for apoptotic cells. In summary, we have demonstrated a deficiency in phagocytic function of macrophages from NOD mice. Normal and diabetes-prone neonatal rodents have a wave of β-cell apoptosis coincident with the onset of target organ inflammation. A constitutive defect in the clearance of apoptotic β-cells may be contributory to the initiation of autoimmunity.
O'Brien, BA, Fieldus, WE, Field, CJ & Finegood, DT 2002, 'Clearance of apoptotic β-cells is reduced in neonatal autoimmune diabetes-prone rats', Cell Death & Differentiation, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 457-464.
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The kinetics of β-cell death in neonatal diabetes-prone (BBdp) and diabetes-resistant (BBdr) BioBreeding rats was investigated using both direct (histochemical) and indirect (mathematical modelling) techniques. In both BBdp and BBdr rats, the incidence of TUNEL positive β-cells increased until 10 days of age before declining. The number of apoptotic β-cells was significantly higher in BBdp as compared to BBdr neonates from birth until 20 days of age (P < 0.05). Using a mathematical model applied to the time course of β-cell mass and replication rate, a wave of net β-cell loss was detected between 10 and 20 days of age in both strains. In contrast to the observed difference in the incidence of TUNEL positive β-cells, with the model-based approach we found no difference in the rate of β-cell apoptosis between BBdp and BBdr rats prior to weaning. As the number of apoptotic cells present in a tissue depends on the rate at which cells die and the rate at which the apoptotic cell debris is cleared, we compared in vitro phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes by peritoneal macrophages from 2-week-old BBdp and BBdr rats. Macrophages from BBdp neonates engulfed significantly less apoptotic cells as compared to BBdr neonates (P < 0.0005). Taken together, these findings suggest that there is impaired clearance of apoptotic β-cells in diabetes-prone BB rats during the neonatal period.
Phung, H, Bauman, A, Nguyen, TV, Young, L, Tran, M & Hillman, K 2002, 'Risk factors for low birth weight in a socio-economically disadvantaged population: Parity, marital status, ethnicity and cigarette smoking', European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 235-243.
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Qin, C, Nguyen, T, Stewart, J, Samudio, I, Burghardt, R & Safe, S 2002, 'Estrogen Up-Regulation of p53 Gene Expression in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated by Calmodulin Kinase IV-Dependent Activation of a Nuclear Factor κB/CCAAT-Binding Transcription Factor-1 Complex', Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1793-1809.
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Radchik and, VS, Ben-Nissan, B & Mu¨ller, WH 2002, 'Semi-Graphical Methods for the Calculation of Real Areas of Loaded Contact by Means of the Abbott-Firestone Bearing Curve', Journal of Tribology, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 223-226.
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Radchik and, VS, Ben-Nissan, B & Mu¨ller, WH 2002, 'Theoretical Modeling of Surface Asperity Depression Into an Elastic Foundation Under Static Loading', Journal of Tribology, vol. 124, no. 4, pp. 852-856.
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A theoretical analysis is carried out in closed-form to quantitatively describe the pressing of an individual surface asperity into its elastic bulk when subjected to normal loads. To this end, a single asperity is simulated by a paraboloid of revolution of an arbitrary even power. The investigation is based on theory of elastic contact as originally developed by Shtaerman. It is shown that additional pressing of an individual asperity into the elastic bulk essentially depends upon four parameters: the elastic compression of its apex, the initial magnitude of the height of the asperity, a constant that characterizes the shape of the asperity peak, and the elastic properties of the materials involved in the contact. The analysis shows that the impression of the asperity into the elastic bulk increases for decreasing smoothness of the paraboloid. It will be demonstrated that the impression of the asperity into the elastic bulk, if both are made of the same material, typically reaches 50 percent of the value of elastic compression of the asperity peak.
Rodgers, KJ, Wang, HJ, Fu, SL & Dean, RT 2002, 'Biosynthetic incorporation of oxidized amino acids into proteins and their cellular proteolysis', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 766-775.
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We demonstrate that oxidized amino acids can be incorporated into proteins by protein synthesis. The level of incorporation into protein was dependent on the concentration of oxidized amino acid supplied to the cells. At low levels of incorporation, the oxidized amino acids examined increased the degradation rate of the cell proteins. Degradation of certain proteins containing high levels of DOPA (but not ortho or meta tyrosine) was decreased to below the basal degradation rates suggesting that DOPA may contribute to proteins becoming resistant to proteolysis. Changes in the degradation rates of the oxidized amino acid-containing proteins was shown to have no impact on the degradation rates of native proteins, indicating that the activity of the degradative machinery was not affected. We demonstrate that oxidized proteins are selectively degraded by the proteasomes and provide evidence to suggest that the proteasomes and the endosomal-lysosomal systems may act in sequence as well as in parallel. The incorporation approach, unlike cell studies in which an exogenous oxidant is used, allows the degradation rates of the oxidatively modified proteins to be selectively measured, offering a greater sensitivity as well as greatly reducing toxicity to the cell and avoiding oxidative modification of other cell components.
Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 2002, 'A Theoretical Analysis of the Limits of Majority Voting Errors for Multiple Classifier Systems', Pattern Analysis and Applications, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 333-350.
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Schwarz, DS, Hutvágner, G, Haley, B & Zamore, PD 2002, 'Evidence that siRNAs Function as Guides, Not Primers, in the Drosophila and Human RNAi Pathways', Molecular Cell, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 537-548.
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In Drosophila, two features of small interfering RNA (siRNA) structure - 5′ phosphates and 3′ hydroxyls - are reported to be essential for RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we show that as in Drosophila, a 5′ phosphate is required for siRNA function in human HeLa cells. In contrast, we find no evidence in flies or humans for a role in RNAi for the siRNA 3′ hydroxyl group. Our in vitro data suggest that in both flies and mammals, each siRNA guides endonucleolytic cleavage of the target RNA at a single site. We conclude that the underlying mechanism of RNAi is conserved between flies and mammals and that RNA-dependent RNA polymerases are not required for RNAi in these organisms.
Singarayar, S, Singleton, C, Tie, H, Wyse, K, Bursill, J, Bauskin, A, Wu, W, Valenzuela, S, Breit, S & Campbell, T 2002, 'Effects of Components of Ischemia on the Kv4.3 Current Stably Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells', Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 197-207.
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We investigated the effects of three components of ischemia: external acidosis (pH=6.0), extracellular hyperkalemia ([K+]=20 mmol/l), and resting membrane depolarization to -60 mV, on Kv4.3 current stably expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. We used single electrode whole cell patch clamp techniques to study changes in the current elicited. External acidosis caused a positive shift in the steady state activation curve from -13.4±2.1 mV to -3.3±1.5 mV (n=8, P=0.004) and the steady state inactivation curve from -56.5±0.4 mV to -46.7±0.5 mV (n=14, P<0.0001). Acidosis also caused an acceleration of recovery from inactivation with the t1/2 decreasing from 306 ms (95% CI 287327 ms) to 194 ms (95% CI 182207 ms), (n=14, P<0.05). Hyperkalemia did not affect any of these parameters. Combined acidosis and hyperkalemia produced effects similar to those seen with acidosis. Changing the holding potential from -90 mV to -60 mV with test potentials of +5 and +85 mV decreased the peak currents by 34.1% and 32.4% respectively (n=14). However, in the presence of external acidosis the decrease in peak currents induced by changing the holding potential was less marked. In acidotic bath the peak current at -60 mV was reduced by only 13.6% at a test potential of +5 mV and 12.3% at a test potential of +85 mV (n=14). Taken together our data suggest that the membrane depolarization and changes in pH which occur under ischemic conditions would be accompanied by relative preservation of Kv4.3 currents and provide a molecular basis for the observation of preserved epicardial Ito and epicardial action potential duration (APD) shortening in ischemia.
Sivabalan, P 2002, 'Empowering staff to utilise web based trade matching - activities', South-South Business Review, vol. January, pp. 34-36.
Slunjski, M, Nguyen, H, Ballard, M, Eldridge, R, Morran, J, Drikas, M, O'Leary, B & Smith, P 2002, 'Miex® - Good research commercialised', Water, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 42-51.
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The MIEX® DOC resin process, a brainchild of Australian water scientists and engineers, represents an exciting development in potable water treatment technology. It enables new 21st century water quality standards to be achieved with low capital and operating costs and as such has worldwide applications. The technology was the end result of a massive research and development effort over a number of years spanning areas of product and process development, testing and scale-up by a consortium consisting of teams from CSIRO Molecular Science, SA Water Corporation and Orica. This culminated in the first commercial applications of the technology by the SA Water Corporation at Mt Pleasant (South Australia) and the Water Corporation of WA at Wanneroo (Western Australia), which are outlined here in some detail. Under the overall coordination of Orica, each of the initial partners was very innovative in the concept development and how they went about fulfilling their roles of resin chemistry, application and process development and commercialisation. The Water Corporation's contribution occurred later and focused on the area of process scale-up and large scale plant design. This article provides a summary review of the reasons the parties became involved in the MIEX® project, their respective endeavours and plans for future.
Smith, GB 2002, 'Medical emergency teams and cardiac arrests in hospital', BMJ, vol. 324, no. 7347, pp. 1215a-1215.
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Southon, PD, Bartlett, JR, Woolfrey, JL & Ben-Nissan, B 2002, 'Formation and Characterization of an Aqueous Zirconium Hydroxide Colloid', Chemistry of Materials, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 4313-4319.
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Among the wide variety of routes reported for the chemical synthesis of zirconia, the development of simple, aqueous sol-gel technology is of considerable interest for industrialscale applications. In this study, zirconium hydroxide nanoparticles were produced by the controlled hydrolysis of zirconium carbonate in nitric acid, followed by gentle heating at 70°C. Transparent, colorless gels were subsequently produced from the concentrated sols (500 g/L, oxide basis) by drying at ambient temperature. The nanoparticle sols and gels were characterized using a range of techniques, including EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and SAXS, which revealed the presence of platelike particles of width 2.8 ± 0.4 nm and thickness 0.5 ± 0.1 nm. The platelets exhibit a surprisingly high degree of short-range ordering, and it is demonstrated that they are composed of stacked layers of two-dimensional '[Zr(OH)4]n' sheets, as proposed (but not established) in earlier studies. The speciation of the nitrate anions in the sols was also investigated by Raman and 14N NMR, which revealed that the majority of anions were closely associated with the nanoparticles (i.e., separated from the surface by several layers of coordinated water molecules), rather than coordinated directly to the surface. The role of such species in maintaining the stability of the nanoparticle sols is discussed.
Su, SW, Anderson, BDO & Brinsmead, TS 2002, 'Use of integrator in nonlinear H(infinity) design for disturbance rejection', AUTOMATICA, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1951-1957.
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The disturbance suppression problem for nonlinear systems is examined in this paper. We review the so-called nonstandard mixed sensitivity problem, which introduces an integrator to a selected weight, as well as the linear classical disturbance suppression problem and the linear H? disturbance suppression problem. We extend this H? problem to the nonlinear case, and present a method to reduce the order of the state feedback HamiltonJacobi (HJ) partial differential equation for this nonlinear H? problem by extending the concept of comprehensive stability (Proceedings of the 36th Conference on Decision and Control, 1997, p. 4653; IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. (1998) 488). Finally, we investigate the structure of the output feedback H? controller for disturbance suppression, and draw the conclusion that, as in the linear case, there must also be an integrator in the controller.
Tipper, JL, Hatton, A, Nevelos, JE, Ingham, E, Doyle, C, Streicher, R, Nevelos, AB & Fisher, J 2002, 'Alumina–alumina artificial hip joints. Part II: Characterisation of the wear debris from in vitro hip joint simulations', Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 16, pp. 3441-3448.
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Törjék, O, Kiss, E, Mázikné Tokei, K, Hutvágner, G, Silhavy, D, Bánfalvi, Z, Kertész, Z, Pauk, J & Heszky, L 2002, 'Molecular homogeneity of conventional and doubled haploid wheat cultivars and their DH lines', Novenytermeles, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 7-20.
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A traditional cultivar (GK Góbé), a cultivar of doubled haploid (DH) origin (GK Délibáb), various DH lines of GK Góbé (first cycle DH lines) and DH lines of GK Délibáb (second cycle DH lines) were compared with PCR-bascd molecular techniques. High molecular weight DNA was isolated from randomly selected individuals of these groups and analysed by the RAPD, SSR, STS and AFLP methods. The objective of the analyses was to determine the existence or magnitude of the difference between cultivars produced by classical and haploid methods (populations are represented by the individuals of each group), and to find which marker system would be most suitable to investigate the homogeneity of DH populations. From the 30 RAPD primers tested, only 6 differentiated the two cultivars (GK Góbé and Délibáb). Individual polymorphism could not be observed. There were 8 fragments generated on 15 loci with 12 SSR and STS primers, which were suitable to differentiate the two cultivars. Individual polymorphisms could be detected within the cultivar GK Délibáb (cultivar of doubled haploid origin) with primer WMS186. In the AFLP analyses, 7 of 8 primer combinations were suitable to show differences, resulting in an average of 100-150 fragments. Eighty-one polymorphic fragments were obtained with these 7 primer combinations. Twenty-three of the 81 polymorphic bands (markers) could detect individual differences. Nine of them were suitable to distingiushc cultivar GK Góbé and its DH group. Based on AFLP fragments, the fewest individual polymorphisms were obtained within the DH group of GK Délibáb (second cycle DH lines). The genetic stability of doubled haploid lines of androgenic origin is the prerequisite of their breeding value. The productivity and adaptability of the new DH varieties were similar to the conventional cultivars in field trials. In the present investigation conventional and DH varieties were analysed and compared by different molecular (RAPD, SSR, STS and AFL) m...
Warton, K, Tonini, R, Fairlie, WD, Matthews, JM, Valenzuela, SM, Qiu, MR, Wu, WM, Pankhurst, S, Bauskin, AR, Harrop, SJ, Campbell, TJ, Curmi, PMG, Breit, SN & Mazzanti, M 2002, 'Recombinant CLIC1 (NCC27) Assembles in Lipid Bilayers via a pH-dependent Two-state Process to Form Chloride Ion Channels with Identical Characteristics to Those Observed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Expressing CLIC1', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 277, no. 29, pp. 26003-26011.
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CLIC1 (NCC27) is an unusual, largely intracellular, ion channel that exists in both soluble and membrane-associated forms. The soluble recombinant protein can be expressed in Escherichia coli, a property that has made possible both detailed electrophysiological studies in lipid bilayers and an examination of the mechanism of membrane integration. Soluble E. coli-derived CLIC1 moves from solution into artificial bilayers and forms chloride-selective ion channels with essentially identical conductance, pharmacology, and opening and closing kinetics to those observed in CLIC1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. The process of membrane integration of CLIC1 is pH-dependent. Following addition of protein to the trans solution, small conductance channels with slow kinetics (SCSK) appear in the bilayer. These SCSK modules then appear to undergo a transition to form a high conductance channel with fast kinetics. This has four times the conductance of the SCSK and fast kinetics that characterize the native channel. This suggests that the CLIC1 ion channel is likely to consist of a tetrameric assembly of subunits and indicates that despite its size and unusual properties, it is able to form a completely functional ion channel in the absence of any other ancillary proteins.
Yeoh, E-J, Ross, ME, Shurtleff, SA, Williams, WK, Patel, D, Mahfouz, R, Behm, FG, Raimondi, SC, Relling, MV, Patel, A, Cheng, C, Campana, D, Wilkins, D, Zhou, X, Li, J, Liu, H, Pui, C-H, Evans, WE, Naeve, C, Wong, L & Downing, JR 2002, 'Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling', Cancer Cell, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 133-143.
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Treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is based on the concept of tailoring the intensity of therapy to a patient's risk of relapse. To determine whether gene expression profiling could enhance risk assignment, we used oligonucleotide
Yu, Q & Hoang, DB 2002, 'An intelligent coherent approach to cooperation between TCP and ATM congestion control algorithms - Modeling and simulation analysis', SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 258-267.
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The combination of transmission control protocol (TCP) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) to deliver transport services may incur significant performance penalties due to the interaction of congestion control algorithms of TCP and ATM. In this paper, the authors examine two control categories (explicit window adaptation [EWA] and ACK bucket control [ABC]) and their representative schemes. In particular, they propose the fair intelligent EWA scheme for EWA and the fair intelligent ABC scheme for ABC. The key idea is to combine the feedback information from the receiver, from the ATM network, and from the local information at edge device intelligently to explicitly/implicitly control the TCP rate. The authors present simulation results to show that their schemes can control the buffer occupancy at edge device efficiently and can carry the benefits of ABR end-to-end, resulting in significant improvement in throughput, fairness, packet loss rate, and end-to-end delay for TCP connections. Both schemes are transparent to TCP, requiring no modifications in the ATM networks except at the network edge device. Importantly, they allow TCP to be used with any underlying network, not just ATM, as long as the network is capable of providing explicit feedback information concerning the availability of bandwidth.
Zhang, YQ, O'Brien, B, Trudeau, J, Tan, RS, Santamaria, P & Dutz, JP 2002, 'In situ beta cell death promotes priming of diabetogenic CD8 T lymphocytes', JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 168, no. 3, pp. 1466-1472.
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This paper was the first to report that increased beta cell death can lead to the priming of diabetogenic T cells, and hence, the initiation of autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes. The Journal of Immunology is the top-ranked immunology journal.
Brown, DA, Sivabalan, P, Booth, PJ & McKenzie, JA 1970, 'An action research approach to improving student learning outcomes using constructed alignment: Some evidence and implications for teaching cost accounting', Proceedings of the AAANZ Annual Conference, Poster Session at the AAANZ Annual Conference, Perth.
Brown, DA, Sivabalan, P, Booth, PJ & McKenzie, JA 1970, 'An action research approach to improving student learning outcomes using constructive alignment: Some evidence and implications for teaching cost accounting', School of Accounting Seminar Series, School of Accounting Seminar Series, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus.
Dane, R, Watterson, PA, Holliday, B, Evans, C, Ramsden, VS, Ramaswamy, V & Hunter, G 1970, 'Marine Electric Hybrid Power Systems', Proceeding of the Pacific 2002 International Maritime Conference, Pacific 2002 International Maritime Conference, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 484-491.
Darcy, SA 1970, 'Disability politics and the Sydney 2000 games', 7th World Leisure Congress, 7th World Leisure Congress, Kuala Lumpur.
Darcy, SA 1970, 'Keynote address: E-learning, disability and equity in education', Pathways V1 Congress Sydney Exhibition & Convention Centre, Pathways V1 Congress Sydney Exhibition & Convention Centre, ADCET, Sydney.
Darcy, SA 1970, 'People with disabilities and tourism in Australia: a human rights analysis', Tourism and Well being: The 2nd Tourism Industry and Education Symposium, The 2nd Toruism Industry and Education Symposium, Jyvaskyla Polytechnic, Finland, pp. 137-166.
Darcy, SA & Harris, R 1970, 'Inclusive and accessible special events planning; an Australian perspective', Australian Centre for Event Management: Events and Place Making, Australian Centre for Event Management: Events and Place Making, Australian Centre for Events Management, Sydney, pp. 533-553.
De Abreu Lourenco, R 1970, 'Prognosis of patients with CML in chronic phase post interferon-alfa therapy treated with imatinib – a survival model', The American Society of Clinical Oncology. 38th Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida.
Diaz, G, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1970, 'An object-oriented information model for policy-based management of distributed applications', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, INTERNET, AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, IASTED International Conference on Communications, Internet and Information Technology, ACTA PRESS, St Thomas, VI, pp. 7-12.
Endo, M, Tipper, JL, Barton, DC, Stone, MH, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Comparison of wear, wear debris and functional biological activity of moderately crosslinked and non-crosslinked polyethylenes in hip prostheses', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, SAGE Publications, pp. 111-122.
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The wear, wear debris and functional biological activity of non-crosslinked and moderately crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups have been compared when articulating against smooth and intentionally scratched femoral heads. Volumetric wear rates were determined in a hip joint simulator and the debris was isolated from the lubricant and characterized by the percentage number and volumetric concentration as a function of particle size. The volumetric concentration was integrated with the biological activity function determined from in vitro cell culture studies to predict an index of specific biological activity (SBA). The product of specific biological activity and volumetric wear rate was used to determine the index of functional biological activity (FBA).On smooth femoral heads the crosslinked UHMWPE had a 30 per cent lower wear rate, but it had a greater percentage volume of smaller, more biologically active particles, which resulted in a similar index of FBA compared with the non-crosslinked material. On the scratched femoral heads the volumetric wear rate was three times higher for the moderately crosslinked UHMWPE and two times higher for the non-crosslinked UHMWPE compared with the smooth femoral heads. This resulted in a higher wear rate for the moderately crosslinked material on the scratched femoral heads. All the differences in wear rate were statistically significant. There were only small differences in particle volume concentration distributions, and this resulted in similar indices of FBA which were approximately twice the values of those found on the smooth femoral heads. Both materials showed lower wear and FBA than for previously studied aged and oxidized UHMWPE gamma irradiated in air. However, this study did not reveal any advantage in terms of predicted FBA for moderately crosslinked UHMWPE compared with non-crosslinked UHMWPE.
Gabrys, B 1970, 'Agglomerative learning algorithms for general fuzzy min-max neural network', The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 10th IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (NNSP 2000), Springer Science and Business Media LLC, UNIV SYDNEY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 67-82.
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Gabrys, B 1970, 'Combining neuro-fuzzy classifiers for improved generalisation and reliability', Proceedings of the 2002 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN'02 (Cat. No.02CH37290), 2002 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 2410-2415.
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Green, DD, Kannangara, GK, Milev, A & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'P-31 solution state NMR investigation of the hydrolysis of a new alkoxide sol-gel hydroxyapatite', Key Engineering Materials, Bioceramics 14, Trans Tech Publications, California, USA, pp. 75-78.
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Previous work by these authors found that ageing was necessary to convert the starting precursors of calcium diethoxide [Ca(OEt)(2)] and triethyl phosphite [P(OEt)(3)] Sol-gel system to more reactive intermediates, These conclusions provided the impetus to examine an alternative phosphorous precursor that will not entail a 24-hour ageing period. The use of diethyl phosphite [HOP(OEt)(2)] as an alternate precursor it was possible to produce hydroxyapatite which did not require ageing of the Sol. [1]. The solution-state P-31 NMR spectroscopy was successfully applied to monitor the reaction during the ageing period that provided the vital characteristics of the alternate phosphorous precursor. However, no attempts were made to postulate mechanism(s) and identification of the intermediate species formed in these sol-gel systems. This report encompasses both these aspects; mechanism and identification of the reaction intermediates for P(OEt)3 and [HOP(OEt)(2)] sol-gel systems
Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'Comparative study of 3D flux electrical machines with soft magnetic composite cores', Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344), 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IEEE, Pittsburgh, USA, pp. 1147-1154.
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Innes, JK, Ben-Nissan, B & Vago, R 1970, 'Biomimetic conversion of Red Sea corraline structures for implant purposes', AUSTCERAM 2002 Proceedings, AUSTCERAM 2002, Australasian Ceramic Society, Perth, Australia, pp. 21-22.
Jin, ZM, Medley, JB, Dowson, D, Hooke, CJ, Smith, SL, Booker, JF, Ikeuchi, K, Morita, Y, Nakat, K, Kim, YH, Sekino, T, Niihara, K, Spencer, N, Paré, P, Sawae, Y, Murakami, T, Sawano, T, Noda, I, Shimotoso, T, Chan, FW, Young, S, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH & Fisher, J 1970, 'Session VII bio-tribology (1) - Hip and knee joints', Tribology Series, pp. 874-879.
Joseph, D, Chern, B, Pittman, K, Richardson, G, Schou, M, Kirkman, M, Lourenco, RD, Copeman, M & Lynch, K 1970, 'An assessment of patient preferences for intravenous zoledronic acid or pamidronate in, patients commencing bisphosphonate therapy for malignant disease in bone.', BLOOD, 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology, AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, pp. 388B-388B.
Joshua, DE, Chern, B, Dalley, D, Pittman, K, Smith, DK, Lowe, S, Copeman, M, Kevin, L & Lourenco, RD 1970, 'Resource use by zoledronic acid or pamidronate infusions in multiple myeloma and cancer.', BLOOD, 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology, AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, pp. 496B-496B.
Kannangara, GK, Green, DD, Milev, AS & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'Synthesis of non-aged new alkoxide sol-gel hydroxyapatite monitored by solution state 31 P NMR', AUSTCERAM 2002 Proceedings, AUSTCERAM 2002, Australasian Ceramic Society, Perth, Australia, pp. 13-14.
Lam, HK, Leung, KF, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'On interpretation of graffiti digits and commands for eBooks: Neural fuzzy network and genetic algorithm approach', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOL 1 & 2, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 443-448.
Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, Lee, YS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Gain estimation for an AC power line data network transmitter using a self-structured neural network and genetic algorithm', IECON-2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 28TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4, 28th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, SEVILLE, SPAIN, pp. 1926-1929.
Lavian, T, Wang, P, Travostino, F, Subramanian, S, Duraraj, R, Doan Hoang, Sethaput, V & Culler, D 1970, 'Enabling active flow manipulation in silicon-based network forwarding engines', Proceedings DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, IEEE Comput. Soc, San Francisco, USA, pp. 65-76.
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Li, J, Djajakesukma, S, Samali, B & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Modeling and Identificaion of MR Damper for Semi-Active Control Devices', The 6th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control MOVIC 2002, MOVIC, Japan.
Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'A novel GA-based neural network for short-term load forecasting', PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 2761-2766.
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Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Learning of neural network parameters using a fuzzy genetic algorithm', CEC'02: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI2002), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 1928-1933.
Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Short-term daily load forecasting in an intelligent home with GA-based neural network', PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 997-1001.
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Martinez-Coll, AA, Nguyen, HT, Zielinski, R, Huang, YF, Plekhanov, S & Hunyor, SN 1970, 'Time-varying stroke volume using sonomicrometry with direct cardiac compression (DCC)', Proceedings of the Second Joint 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society] [Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Second Joint EMBS-BMES Conference 2002 24th Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, IEEE, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1567-1568.
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Implantable direct cardiac compression (DCC) systems such as our Heart Patch Pump can assist the failing heart without the risk of blood contact. To provide realtime, accurate support of pumping function, these devices need to assess hemodynamic variables such as cardiac output. For the Heart Patch Pump, we have based our control algorithm on time-varying stroke volume (SV(t)) estimates using sonomicrometer crystals placed in the heart. Multilinear regression was performed on 28 dimensions, during six different cardiac states. Then, six principal dimensions were identified as those with the greatest change during contraction. A strong correlation was maintained in all cardiac states when only the principal dimensions were used.
Nguyen, HT, Mitchell, RA, Thornton, BS, Hung, WT, Lee, W, Rickard, M, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Detection of masses in digitised mammograms using dendronic image analysis', SECOND JOINT EMBS-BMES CONFERENCE 2002, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 24th Annual International of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1051-1052.
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If detected early, breast cancer can be treated with better patient outcomes and significantly lower costs. Using the spatial dendronic structure and hierarchical repartment operator, difficult cases of spiculated and stellate tumours can be identified early. The techniques are robust to noise and can reveal various layers of biophysical and biomedical differences in a suspect tumour. In particular, the hierarchical repartment parameter of a mass in a digital mammogram can be obtained using compactness ratios of successive information peeling in this mass. This parameter alone was applied to distinguish all biopsied masses from normal parenchymal tissues in eight separate cases.
O'Brien, B 1970, 'In vivo phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages from NOD mice is reduced', Diabetes, Amer Diabetes Assoc, USA, pp. 1167-1167.
Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'New Measure of Classifier Dependency in Multiple Classifier Systems', MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS, 3rd International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, CAGLIARI, ITALY, pp. 127-136.
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Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Static Field Approach for Pattern Classification', SOFT-WARE 2002: COMPUTING IN AN IMPERFECT WORLD, 1st International Conference on Computing in an Imperfect World (SOFT-WARE 2002), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, BELFAST, NORTH IRELAND, pp. 232-246.
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Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Brinsmead, TS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Robust input disturbance suppression for nonlinear systems based on multiple model adaptive control', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, IEEE, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 3047-3048.
Subramanian, S, Wang, P, Durairaj, R, Rasimas, J, Travostino, F, Lavian, T & Doan Hoang 1970, 'Practical active network services within content-aware gateways', Proceedings DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, IEEE Comput. Soc, San Francisco, USA, pp. 344-354.
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Tong, Q, Ma, B, Hong, S, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, H & Negasi, A 1970, 'Encapsulant materials and processes for wafer level-chip scale packaging (WL-CSP)', 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference 2002. (Cat. No.02CH37345), 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference, IEEE, pp. 1366-1372.
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Wafer Level-Chip Scale Packaging (WL-CSP) has become a popular packaging option in recent years due to its lower profile, faster signal transfer, and smaller size. These features represent the current industry trend toward high performance and miniaturization. Encapsulant materials are usually required to enhance CSP package reliability for thermal cycling and drop resistance. In addition, the encapsulant also provides a certain measure of environmental protection. Among current CSP packaging options such as standard underfill wicking and the so-called no-flow process, the wafer pre-apply process is the most cost-effective packaging method. The wafer level process increases production output and reduces the overall assembly cost significantly, while achieving comparable or better reliability. This paper provides details on the requirements of underfills applied to WL-CSPs, the properties of the new class of materials developed, the optimal wafer process and assembly conditions, and the reliability data obtained to date on WL-CSPs.
Yu, Q, Hoang, DB & Feng, DD 1970, 'A comparative study on the coherent approaches to cooperation between TCP and ATM congestion control algorithms', ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS, 11th International Conference Computer Communications and Networks, IEEE, Miami, USA, pp. 580-585.
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Numerous studies have indicated that ATM available bit rate (ABR) service can provide low-delay, fairness, and high throughput, and can handle congestion effectively inside the ATM network. However, network congestion is not really eliminated but rather it is pushed out to the edge of the ATM network, packets from TCP sources competing for the available ATM bandwidth are buffered in the routers or switches at the network edges, causing severe congestion, degraded throughput, and unfairness. This poor performance is mainly due to the uncoordinated interaction between the congestion control mechanism of TCP and ATM. It is well accepted that some form of cooperation at edge device would help to control TCP traffic flow over ATM more effectively. We have previously proposed the fair intelligent explicit window adaptation (FIEWA) scheme and fair intelligent ACK bucket control (FIABC) scheme. The key idea is to combine the feedback information from the receiver, from the underlying ATM network, and from the local information at the edge device intelligently to explicitly/implicitly control the TCP rate. We present a comparative simulation study on our schemes with other established schemes; to identify the characteristics of each different scheme; and to indicate the requirement for a fairer, simpler and more robust coherent approach at the edge device.
Yu, Q, Li, M, Hoang, DB & Feng, D 1970, 'Fair Intelligent Feedback Mechanism on TCP based Network', Proceedings of The International Conference on Internet Computing, International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 1009-1015.
Zhang, C, Yan, X, Zhang, S & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Mining Very Large Databases Using Software Agents', Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning and Application (ICMLA 02), International Conference on Machine Learning and Application (ICMLA 02), CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 84-90.
