Publications

Coutts, AJ, Reaburn, P, Piva, T & Murphy, AJ 2005, 'Predictors of change in VO2max during periods of intense training in rugby league players' in Reilly, T, Cabri, J & Araujo, D (eds), Science and Football V, Routledge, London, UK, pp. 387-394.

MILTHORPE, B 2005, 'Protein adsorption to surfaces and interfaces' in Vadgama, P (ed), Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials, Elsevier, Great Britain, pp. 763-781.
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Newton-John, T 2005, 'Psychological management of chronic pain' in Core Topics in Pain, Cambridge University Press, pp. 293-298.
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© Cambridge University Press 2005 and Cambridge University Press, 2009. Introduction It is axiomatic to state that patients experiencing chronic pain often experience significant psychological dysfunction. Any clinician who has spent any time in a pain clinic will be aware of the high levels of emotional and behavioural disturbance that can occur in this patient group. Depression, anxiety and anger are common emotional states associated with chronic pain. Moreover, pain patients may show unusual gait patterns, with guarding and bracing of affected areas of the body, and other physical behaviours. The psychological perspective from which one addresses these difficulties depends very much upon the model of pain, implicit or explicit, that one holds. The first section of this chapter will therefore discuss pain models and their relationship to treatment. Key psychological theories will then be laid out (as they apply to chronic pain) and the various components of the theories discussed. Finally, a number of relevant issues in the application of psychological treatments for chronic pain will be discussed. Chronic pain and psychology: separation or integration? The publication of the gate control theory of pain in 1965 marked a shift in thinking, in relation to psychological processes in pain. Up to that point, the experience of pain was largely a biomedical phenomenon. How much you were hurt was dependent upon where you were injured, and the extent to which your tissues were damaged.

Ammit, AJ 2005, 'The role of mRNA stability in airway remodelling', Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 405-415.
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Anderson, BDO, Su, SW & Brinsmead, TS 2005, 'Multirealization of linear systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 442-446.
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For multiple-model adaptive control systems, multicontroller architecture can be efficiently implemented (multirealized) by means of a state-shared parameter-dependent feedback system. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the multirealization of a family of linear multivariable systems based on matrix fractional descriptions are presented. The problem of the minimal generic multirealization of a set of linear systems is introduced and solved.

Baheiraei, A, Ritchie, JE, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2005, 'Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the osteoporosis knowledge and health belief questionnaires', Maturitas, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 134-139.
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Black, JL 2005, 'In vitro studies of lymphangioleiomyomatosis', European Respiratory Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 569-576.
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Brightling, CE, Ammit, AJ, Kaur, D, Black, JL, Wardlaw, AJ, Hughes, JM & Bradding, P 2005, 'The CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis Mediates Human Lung Mast Cell Migration to Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 171, no. 10, pp. 1103-1108.
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Brown, M, Grbich, C, Maddocks, I, Parker, D, (Connellan), PR & Willis, E 2005, 'Documenting end of life decisions in residential aged care facilities in South Australia', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 85-90.
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Chen, H, Vlahos, R, Bozinovski, S, Jones, J, Anderson, GP & Morris, MJ 2005, 'Effect of Short-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Body Weight, Appetite and Brain Neuropeptide Y in Mice', Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 713-719.
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Although nicotinic receptors have been demonstrated in hypothalamic appetite-regulating areas and nicotine administration alters food intake and body weight in both animals and humans, the mechanisms underlying the effects of smoking on appetite circuits remain unclear. Conflicting effects of nicotine on the major orexigenic peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), have been observed in the brain, but the effects of smoking are unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate how cigarette smoking affects body weight, food intake, plasma leptin concentration, hypothalamic NPY peptide, adipose mass and mRNA expression of uncoupling proteins (UCP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. Balb/C mice (8 weeks) were exposed to cigarette smoke (three cigarettes, three times a day for 4 consecutive days) or sham exposed. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Plasma leptin and brain NPY were measured by radioimmunoassay. UCPs and TNF α mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. Food intake dropped significantly from the first day of smoking, and weight loss became evident within 2 days. Brown fat and retroperitoneal white fat masses were significantly reduced, and plasma leptin concentration was decreased by 34%, in line with the decreased fat mass. NPY concentrations in hypothalamic subregions were similar between two groups. UCPI mRNA was decreased in white fat and UCP3 mRNA increased in brown fat in smoking group. Short-term cigarette smoke exposure led to reduced body weight, food intake, and fat mass. The reduction in plasma leptin concentration may have been too modest to increase NPY production; alternatively, change in NPY or its function might have been offset by nicotine or other elements in cigarette smoke. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.

Choi, AH, Ben-Nissan, B & Conway, R 2005, 'Three-dimensional modelling and finite element analysis of the human mandible during clenching', AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 42-48.
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Background. Until recently, very few papers have been published concerning the development, analysis and experimental verification of three-dimensional, finite element modelling of the human adult edentulous mandible. The purpose of this study was to imp

Coutts, A, Russell, N & Sirotic, A 2005, '394 A comparison of different recovery practices during the half-time of a simulated team sport match on subsequent repeated sprint ability', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 8, pp. 223-223.
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Coutts, AJ & Watsford, ML 2005, 'Practical tools for monitoring fitness training', Sports Coach, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 20-22.

Cuschieri, J, Rivers, EP, Donnino, MW, Katilius, M, Jacobsen, G, Nguyen, HB, Pamukov, N & Horst, HM 2005, 'Central venous-arterial carbon dioxide difference as an indicator of cardiac index', Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 818-822.
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Objective: The mixed venous-arterial (v-a) pCO2 difference has been shown to be inversely correlated with the cardiac index (CI). A central venous pCO2, which is easier to obtain, may provide similar information. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the central venous-arterial pCO2 difference and CI. Design: Prospective, cohort study. Setting: Intensive care unit of an urban tertiary care hospital. Patients and participants: Eighty-three consecutive intensive care unit patients. Measurements: Simultaneous blood gases from the arterial, pulmonary artery (PA), and central venous (CV) catheters were obtained. At the same time point, cardiac indices were measured by the thermodilution technique (an average of three measurements). The cardiac indices obtained by the venous-arterial differences were compared with those determined by thermodilution. Results: The correlation (R2) between the mixed venous-arterial pCO2 difference and cardiac index was 0.903 ( p <0.0001), and the correlation between the central venous-arterial pCO 2 difference and cardiac index was 0.892 ( p <0.0001). The regression equations for these relationships were natural log (CI)=1.837-0.159 (v-a) CO2 for the PA and natural log (CI)=1.787-0.151 (v-a) CO 2 for the CV ( p <0.0001 for both). The root-mean-squared error for the PA and CV regression equations were 0.095 and 0.101, respectively. Conclusion: Venous-arterial pCO2 differences obtained from both the PA and CV circulations inversely correlate with the cardiac index. Substitution of a central for a mixed venous-arterial pCO2 difference provides an accurate alternative method for calculation of cardiac output. © Springer-Verlag 2005.

Dahia, PLM, Ross, KN, Wright, ME, Hayashida, CY, Santagata, S, Barontini, M, Kung, AL, Sanso, G, Powers, JF, Tischler, AS, Hodin, R, Heitritter, S, Moore, F, Dluhy, R, Sosa, JA, Ocal, IT, Benn, DE, Marsh, DJ, Robinson, BG, Schneider, K, Garber, J, Arum, SM, Korbonits, M, Grossman, A, Pigny, P, Toledo, SPA, Nosé, V, Li, C & Stiles, CD 2005, 'A HIF1α Regulatory Loop Links Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Signals in Pheochromocytomas', PLoS Genetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. e8-e8.
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Pheochromocytomas are neural crest-derived tumors that arise from inherited or sporadic mutations in at least six independent genes. The proteins encoded by these multiple genes regulate distinct functions. We show here a functional link between tumors with VHL mutations and those with disruption of the genes encoding for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits B (SDHB) and D (SDHD). A transcription profile of reduced oxidoreductase is detected in all three of these tumor types, together with an angiogenesis/hypoxia profile typical of VHL dysfunction. The oxidoreductase defect, not previously detected in VHL-null tumors, is explained by suppression of the SDHB protein, a component of mitochondrial complex II. The decrease in SDHB is also noted in tumors with SDHD mutations. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses show that the link between hypoxia signals (via VHL) and mitochondrial signals (via SDH) is mediated by HIF1a. These findings explain the shared features of pheochromocytomas with VHL and SDH mutations and suggest an additional mechanism for increased HIF1a activity in tumors. © 2005 Dahia et al.

Dang, L, Seale, JP & Qu, X 2005, 'HIGH GLUCOSE‐INDUCED HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELL HYPERPERMEABILITY IS DEPENDENT ON PROTEIN KINASE C ACTIVATION AND INDEPENDENT OF THE Ca²⁺–NITRIC OXIDE SIGNALLING PATHWAY', Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 771-776.
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SUMMARY1. Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. The precise molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia causes the increased permeability in endothelial cells are not yet well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether high concentrations of glucose induce endothelial permeability through the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and/or the calcium–nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).2. Endothelial permeability was measured by albumin diffusion across endothelial monolayers under the stimuli of high glucose (HG; 20 mmol/L), 100 nmol/L phorbol‐myristate‐acetate (PMA) or 100 nmol/L histamine. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was detected in HUVEC using the fluorescent probe fura‐2 AM. The effects of PKC inhibitors (LY379196 and hypocrellin A) and the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA) on endothelial permeability and [Ca2+]i were determined.3. High glucose and PMA increased endothelial permeability associated with decreased [Ca2+]i, whereas histamine triggered significant increases in endothelial permeability, accompanied by increases in [Ca2+]i in HUVEC. Hypocrellin A (HA) and LY379196 reversed both HG‐ and histamine‐induced endothelial permeability. The NOS inhibitor l‐NMMA only abolished histamine‐ and not HG‐induced endothelial permeability. Neither LY379196, HA nor l‐NMMA had any significant effects on alterations in [Ca2+]i caused by HG and histamine.4. These res...

Daruwalla, P & Darcy, S 2005, 'Personal and societal attitudes to disability', Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 549-570.
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The research addresses theoretical and conceptual frameworks dealing with the formation and change of attitudes, cognitive dissonance, positive and negative prejudice, the concept of 'spread', overt and covert attitudes and their formation, and the nexus between attitudes and behavior toward disability. Two attitude scales - the interaction with disabled persons and the scale of attitudes toward disabled persons - are reviewed and results of two studies are presented. Major findings are that it is easier to change societal attitudes than personal attitudes. Additionally, the use of contact with a person with a disability was more efficacious in changing attitudes than only information provision. Implications for the practice of hospitality and tourism management service provision are discussed. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dascombe, B, Reaburn, P, Holmes, M, Snow, R & Coutts, A 2005, '202 Physiological and biochemical variables affect 30 minute time trial performance in well-trained young and masters cyclists', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 8, pp. 119-119.
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Death, AK, McGrath, KCY & Handelsman, DJ 2005, 'Valproate is an anti-androgen and anti-progestin', Steroids, vol. 70, no. 14, pp. 946-953.
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Anti-convulsant treatment is associated with a high prevalence of reproductive dysfunction compared with age-matched non-epileptics. We examined the widely used anti-convulsants valproate (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) for steroidal bioactivity using a yeast-based steroid receptor-β-galactosidase reporter assay for the androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR) or estrogen receptor (ER). Bioassays were performed (a) to detect agonist activity by exposing yeast to 100 μM CBZ or VPA or (b) to detect antagonist activity by exposing yeast stimulated with testosterone (5 × 10-9 M, AR), progesterone (1.6 × 10-9 M, PR) or estradiol (2.6 × 10-11 M, ER) together with either VPA or CBZ for 4 (PR) or 16 (AR, ER) hours. VPA showed dose-dependent (1-800 μM) inhibition of progesterone-induced PR- and testosterone-induced AR activity but had no ER antagonist bioactivity and no significant PR, AR or ER agonist bioactivity. VPA also showed a dose-dependent (1-200 μM) blockade of DHT's suppression of AR-mediated NF-κB activation in human mammalian cells. By contrast, CBZ had no significant PR, AR or ER agonist or AR and ER antagonist bioactivity but at the highest concentration tested (800 μM) it did antagonize PR activity. We conclude that VPA is a non-steroidal antagonist for human AR and PR but not ER. VPA's androgen and progesterone antagonism at concentrations within therapeutic blood levels (350-700 μM) seems likely to contribute to the frequency of reproductive endocrine disturbances among patients treated with VPA. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dong, G & Li, J 2005, 'Mining border descriptions of emerging patterns from dataset pairs', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 178-202.
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The mining of changes or differences or other comparative patterns from a pair of datasets is an interesting problem. This paper is focused on the mining of one type of comparative pattern called emerging patterns. Emerging patterns are denoted by EPs an

Evans, AW, Leeson, RMA, Newton John, TRO & Petrie, A 2005, 'The influence of self-deception and impression management upon self-assessment in oral surgery', British Dental Journal, vol. 198, no. 12, pp. 765-769.
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Objective: To see if poor self-assessment of surgical performance during removal of mandibular third molars is influenced by self-deception (lack of insight) and impression management (trying to convey a favourable impression). Design: A prospective study of 50 surgeons, surgically removing a lower third molar tooth. Setting: One UK dental school over a two year period. Methods: The surgeons' surgical skills were assessed (by two assessors) and self-assessed using check-list and global rating scales. Post-operatively, surgeons completed validated deception questionnaires which measured both self-deception enhancement (lack of insight), and impression management (the tendency to deliberately convey a favourable impression). Main outcome measures: Reliability between assessors, and between assessors' and surgeons' self-assessments were calculated. Discrepancies between assessors' and surgeons' scores were correlated with surgeons' deception scores. Results: Reliability between assessors was excellent for checklist (0.96) and global rating scales (0.89) and better than the reliability between assessors and surgeons (0.51 and 0.49). There was a statistically significant correlation (r=0.45 p=0.001 checklist, r= 0.48 p<0.001 global) between over/ under-rating of their surgical performance by surgeons and their impression management scores. No statistically significant correlation was found between this inaccuracy in self-assessment and surgeons' individual self-deception scores. Conclusion: The majority of surgeons scored themselves higher than their assessors did for surgical skill in removing a single mandibular third molar tooth. Impression management (the tendency to deliberately convey a favourable impression) may contribute to a surgeon's inaccurate self-reporting of performance. Lack of insight appears to be much less important as a contributing factor. The authors speculate that pressure to provide evidence of good performance may be encouraging surgeons to ma...

Fan, T, Varghese, G, Nguyen, T, Tse, R, O'Dowd, BF & George, SR 2005, 'A Role for the Distal Carboxyl Tails in Generating the Novel Pharmacology and G Protein Activation Profile of μ and δ Opioid Receptor Hetero-oligomers', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 280, no. 46, pp. 38478-38488.
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Opioid receptor pharmacology in vivo has predicted a greater number of receptor subtypes than explained by the profiles of the three cloned opioid receptors, and the functional dependence of the receptors on each other shown in gene-deleted animal models remains unexplained. One mechanism for such findings is the generation of novel signaling complexes by receptor hetero- oligomerization, which we previously showed results in significantly different pharmacology for μ and δ receptor hetero-oligomers compared with the individual receptors. In the present study, we show that deltorphin-II is a fully functional agonist of the μ-δ heteromer, which induced desensitization and inhibited adenylyl cyclase through a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein. Activation of the μ-δ receptor heteromer resulted in preferential activation of Gαz, illustrated by incorporation of GTPγ35S, whereas activation of the individually expressed μ and δ receptors preferentially activated Gαi. The unique pharmacology of the μ-δ heteromer was dependent on the reciprocal involvement of the distal carboxyl tails of both receptors, so that truncation of the distal μ receptor carboxyl tail modified the δ-selective ligand-binding pocket, and truncation of the δ receptor distal carboxyl tail modified the μ-selective binding pocket. The distal carboxyl tails of both receptors also had a significant role in receptor interaction, as evidenced by the reduced ability to co-immunoprecipitate when the carboxyl tails were truncated. The interaction between μ and δ receptors occurred constitutively when the receptors were co-expressed, but did not occur when receptor expression was temporally separated, indicating that the hetero-oligomers were generated by a co-translational mechanism. © 2005 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Galvin, AL, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2005, 'Nanometre size wear debris generated from crosslinked and non-crosslinked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene in artificial joints', Wear, vol. 259, no. 7-12, pp. 977-983.
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Grbich, C, Maddocks, I, Parker, D, Brown, M, Willis, E, Hofmeyer, A & Piller, N 2005, 'Palliative care in aged care facilities for residents with a non‐cancer disease: results of a survey of aged care facilities in South Australia', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 108-113.
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Objectives:  This study reports the results of a cross‐sectional study of residential aged care facilities in South Australia which sought to quantify the extent of specialist palliative care involvement in residential aged care facilities as well as identifying the current need for palliative care. Method:  A questionnaire was completed by 51 Directors of Care from 51 of 90 facilities targeted, representing a response rate of 57% and representing 20% of the total number of South Australian licensed beds. Facilities responding were representative of residential aged care facilities in South Australia for location, type of funding and level of care. Results:  Thirty facilities (59%) used specialist palliative care services during 2001 with the average number of residents consulted being four. There were 627 deaths recorded in the 2785 licensed beds, a death rate of 23%. The majority of these deaths were from non‐cancer diseases (83%) and up to two‐thirds of all deaths occurred away from low care facilities, usually in an acute care setting. Main reasons for transfer away from the facility were; an acute care episode requiring other expertise, rapid deterioration of the resident, care needs beyond the facility, or the general practitioner or family requested a transfer. Care Directors estimated that 7% of their current residents would be considered palliative and the majority of these had non‐cancer diseases (78%). Conclusion:  These findings indicate that palliative care is an important aspect of care in residential aged care facilities for clients with a non‐cancer diagnosis.

GRBICH, C, MADDOCKS, IAN, PARKER, D, BROWN, M, WILLIS, E, PILLER, N & HOFMEYER, A 2005, 'Identification of patients with noncancer diseases for palliative care services', Palliative and Supportive Care, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 5-14.
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Objective: To identify criteria for measuring the eligibility of patients with end-stage noncancer diseases for palliative care services in Australian residential aged care facilities.Methods: No validated set if guidelines were available so five instruments were used: an adaptation of the American National Hospice Association Guidelines; a recent adaptation of the Karnofsky Performance Scale; the Modified Barthel Index; the Abbey Pain Score for assessment of people who are nonverbal and a Verbal Descriptor Scale, also for pain measurement. In addition, nutritional status and the presence of other problematic symptoms and their severity were also sought.Results: The adapted American National Hospice Association Guidelines provided an initial indicative framework and the other instruments were useful in providing confirmatory data for service eligibility and delivery.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2005, 'Development of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21-30.
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This paper reports the development of a three-phase permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator, taking advantage of the unique properties of the material Advanced design and performance analysis methods were employed, such as the three-dimensional finite element analysis of magnetic fields for parameter calculation and dimension optimisation, rotational core loss models combined with finite element method for core loss prediction, and hybrid thermal model with distributed heat sources for the temperature rise calculation, etc. The design and analyse methods are validated by experiment on the prototype driven by a brushless DC drive scheme

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2005, 'Development of a permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite core', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21-30.
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This paper reports the development of a three-phase permanent magnet claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator, taking advantage of the unique properties of the material Advanced design and performance analysis methods were employed, such as the three-dimensional finite element analysis of magnetic fields for parameter calculation and dimension optimisation, rotational core loss models combined with finite element method for core loss prediction, and hybrid thermal model with distributed heat sources for the temperature rise calculation, etc. The design and analyse methods are validated by experiment on the prototype driven by a brushless DC drive scheme. © Institution of Engineers, Australia 2005.

Hahn, MA & Marsh, DJ 2005, 'Identification of a functional bipartite nuclear localization signal in the tumor suppressor parafibromin', Oncogene, vol. 24, no. 41, pp. 6241-6248.
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Hoque, Z 2005, 'Securing institutional legitimacy or organizational effectiveness?', International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 367-382.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the impact of a major initiative (the National Competition Policy) and pieces of legislation (the Local Government Act and the Local Government Finance Standards) on the internal practices of a large Australian local authority.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework is developed using new public management (NPM) and neo‐institutional theory literatures to explain the findings. A case study approach was applied to collect the data for the research.FindingsThe findings reveal that the National Competition Policy 1993, the Local Government Act 1993 and the Local Government Finance Standards 1994 mainly have brought about significant changes to the organisation's internal management control processes, such as financial reporting, budgeting and performance appraisal. The changes brought in appeared to be coincidentally similar to NPM ideals. Furthermore, senior managers (such as the chief executive and divisional heads) played a major role in implementing new accounting technologies (activity‐based costing and the balanced scorecard type performance measurement system).Research limitations/implicationsFuture research on public sector financial management from the outset of organisational contexts could considerably further the stock of knowledge in this area, especially given the rapid changes occurring within the public sector throughout the world. Future research may wish to extend this study by assessing how external legitimating functions become internal reality, the perceptions of reality of the organisational members, and how these perceptio...

Huang, C-D, Ammit, AJ, Tliba, O, Kuo, H-P, Penn, RB, Panettieri, RA & Amrani, Y 2005, 'G-Protein-coupled receptor agonists differentially regulate basal or tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated activation of interleukin-6 and RANTES in human airway smooth muscle cells', Journal of Biomedical Science, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 763-776.
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Huang, D, Chow, TWS, Ma, EWM & Jinyan Li 2005, 'Efficient selection of discriminative genes from microarray gene expression data for cancer diagnosis', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1909-1918.
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A new mutual information (MI)-based feature-selection method to solve the so-called large p and small n problem experienced in a microarray gene expression-based data is presented. First, a grid-based feature clustering algorithm is introduced to eliminate redundant features. A huge gene set is then greatly reduced in a very efficient way. As a result, the computational efficiency of the whole feature-selection process is substantially enhanced. Second, MI is directly estimated using quadratic MI together with Parzen window density estimators. This approach is able to deliver reliable results even when only a small pattern set is available. Also, a new MI-based criterion is proposed to avoid the highly redundant selection results in a systematic way. At last, attributed to the direct estimation of MI, the appropriate selected feature subsets can be reasonably determined. © 2005 IEEE.

Hutvagner, G 2005, 'Small RNA asymmetry in RNAi: Function in RISC assembly and gene regulation', FEBS Letters, vol. 579, no. 26, pp. 5850-5857.
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RNAi is a conserved gene‐specific regulatory mechanism, which silences target gene expression transcriptionally and post‐transcriptionally. The RNAi machinery converts the sequence specific information of a long double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into small 21–22 nt long dsRNAs (siRNAs, miRNAs) which assemble into an effector complex, the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC assembly is asymmetric; one strand of an siRNA or a miRNA preferentially incorporates into the RNA–protein complex. Here, I review the rules of the asymmetric RISC formation and discuss their possible regulatory function in several steps in RNAi.

Jiang, X, Williams, KM, Liauw, WS, Ammit, AJ, Roufogalis, BD, Duke, CC, Day, RO & McLachlan, AJ 2005, 'Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 425-432.
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AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two common herbal medicines, ginkgo and ginger, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin and the independent effect of these herbs on clotting status.MethodsThis was an open label, three‐way crossover randomized study in 12 healthy male subjects, who received a single 25 mg dose of warfarin alone or after 7 days pretreatment with recommended doses of ginkgo or ginger from herbal medicine products of known quality. Dosing with ginkgo or ginger was continued for 7 days after administration of the warfarin dose. Platelet aggregation, international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, warfarin enantiomer protein binding, warfarin enantiomer concentrations in plasma and S‐7‐hydroxywarfarin concentration in urine were measured. Statistical comparisons were made using anova and the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of log transformed parameters are reported.ResultsINR and platelet aggregation were not affected by administration of ginkgo or ginger alone. The mean (95% CI) apparent clearances of S‐warfarin after warfarin alone, with ginkgo or ginger were 189 (167–210) ml h−1, 200 (173–227) ml h−1 and 201 (171–231) ml h−1, respectively. The respective apparent clearances of R‐warfarin were 127 (106–149) ml h−1, 126 (111–141) ml h−1 and 131 (106–156) ml h−1. The mean ratio (90% CI) of apparent clearance for S‐warfarin was 1.05 (0.98–1.21) and for R‐warfarin was 1.00 (0.93–1.08) when coadministered with ginkgo. The mean ratio (90% CI) of AUC0−168 of INR was 0.93 (0.81–1.05) when coadministered with ginkgo. The mean ratio (90% CI) of apparent clea...

Jones, PM & George, AM 2005, 'Multidrug resistance in parasites: ABC transporters, P-glycoproteins and molecular modelling', International Journal for Parasitology, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 555-566.
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Parasitic diseases, caused by protozoa, helminths and arthropods, rank among the most important problems in human and veterinary medicine, and in agriculture, leading to debilitating sicknesses and loss of life. In the absence of vaccines and with the ge

Krymskaya, VP, Goncharova, EA, Ammit, AJ, Lim, PN, Goncharov, DA, Eszterhas, A & Panettieri, RA 2005, 'Src is necessary and sufficient for human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration', The FASEB Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1-20.
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Kwong, RA, Kalish, LH, Nguyen, TV, Kench, JG, Bova, RJ, Cole, IE, Musgrove, EA & Sutherland, RL 2005, 'p14ARF Protein Expression Is a Predictor of Both Relapse and Survival in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anterior Tongue', Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 4107-4116.
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Abstract Purpose: The INK4A-ARF locus at chromosome 9p21 is frequently altered in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and encodes two distinct tumor suppressors, p16INK4A and p14ARF. This study addressed the role of p14ARF as a potential prognostic marker in this disease. Experimental Design: p14ARF protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 140 patients with SCC of the anterior tongue. Using univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards models, the outcomes examined were time to disease recurrence or death, with or without clinicopathologic covariates, including nodal status, disease stage, treatment status, Ki-67 staining, and molecular markers with known functional or genetic relationships with p14ARF (p16INK4A, p53, pRb, p21WAF1/CIP1, E2F-1). Results: On multivariate analysis, p14ARF positivity (nucleolar p14ARF staining and/or nuclear p14ARF staining in ≥30% of tumor cells) was an independent predictor of improved disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.002). This was further enhanced when p14ARF positivity was cosegregated with positive (≥1%) p16INK4A staining (DFS, P &lt; 0.001; OS, P &lt; 0.001). Patients whose cancers were p14ARF negative and p53 positive (&gt;50%) had the poorest outcome (DFS, P &lt; 0.001; OS, P &lt; 0.001) of any patient subgroup analyzed. Conclusions: These data show that in patients with SCC of the tongue, combined nuclear and nucleolar expression of p14ARF protein predicts for improved DFS and OS independent of established prognostic markers.

Landfeldt, B, Moors, T, Jha, S & Hoang, D 2005, 'Advances and directions in quality of service management.', Comput. Commun., vol. 28, no. 15, pp. 1701-1702.
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Le, H, Hoang, D & Simmonds, A 2005, 'Geo-LPM: An efficient scheme for locating nodes in the Internet', Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 14-37.
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One of the major weaknesses of existing peer-to-peer networks is that their overlay structures do not reflect the underlying Internet topology, resulting in unnecessary consumption of network resources. We propose a Geographical Longest Prefix Matching (Geo-LPM) scheme to self-organise nodes into clusters using IP prefixes and network metric measurements. Geo-LPM efficiently locates nodes to produce superior overlays while optimising the usage of network resources. It is simple, scalable and self-organising.

Lee, DK, Saldivia, VR, Nguyen, T, Cheng, R, George, SR & O’Dowd, BF 2005, 'Modification of the Terminal Residue of Apelin-13 Antagonizes Its Hypotensive Action', Endocrinology, vol. 146, no. 1, pp. 231-236.
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The apelin peptide is the endogenous ligand for the apelin G protein-coupled receptor. The distribution of the apelin peptides and receptor are widespread in the central nervous system and periphery, with reported roles in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, blood pressure regulation and as one of the most potent positive inotropic substances yet identified. In this report, we show that in native tissues preproapelin exists as a dimer. Dimeric preproapelin was reduced to monomers by dithiothreitol treatment, indicating disulfide linkages. To evaluate the role of the carboxyl-terminal phenylalanine in the hypotensive action of apelin-13, analogs were generated and tested for their role on blood pressure regulation. Injections of apelin-13 and apelin-12 (15 μg/kg) into spontaneously hypertensive rats lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure to result in decreases of approximately 60% and 15% in mean arterial blood pressure, respectively. Apelin-13(13[d-Phe]) treatment did not differ from apelin-13 in either efficacy or duration of effect, whereas apelin-13(F13A) revealed a loss of function. However, concomitant administration of apelin-13(F13A) (30 μg/kg) blocked hypotensive effects of apelin-13 (15 μg/kg), which revealed that apelin-13(F13A) behaved as an apelin-specific antagonist.

Li, H & Li, J 2005, 'Discovery of stable and significant binding motif pairs from PDB complexes and protein interaction datasets', Bioinformatics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 314-324.
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Abstract Motivation: Discovery of binding sites is important in the study of protein–protein interactions. In this paper, we introduce stable and significant motif pairs to model protein-binding sites. The stability is the pattern’s resistance to some transformation. The significance is the unexpected frequency of occurrence of the pattern in a sequence dataset comprising known interacting protein pairs. Discovery of stable motif pairs is an iterative process, undergoing a chain of changing but converging patterns. Determining the starting point for such a chain is an interesting problem. We use a protein complex dataset extracted from the Protein Data Bank to help in identifying those starting points, so that the computational complexity of the problem is much released. Results: We found 913 stable motif pairs, of which 765 are significant. We evaluated these motif pairs using comprehensive comparison results against random patterns. Wet-experimentally discovered motifs reported in the literature were also used to confirm the effectiveness of our method. Contact  haiquan@i2r.a-star.edu.sg Supplementary information  http://sdmc.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/BindingMotifPairs

Li, J & Li, H 2005, 'Using fixed point theorems to model the binding in protein-protein interactions', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1079-1087.
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The binding in protein-protein interactions exhibits a kind of biochemical stability in cells. The mathematical notion of fixed points also describes stability. A point is a fixed point if it remains unchanged after a transformation by a function. Many points may not be a fixed point, but they may approach a stable status after multiple steps of transformation. In this paper, we define a point as a protein motif pair consisting of two traditional protein motifs. We propose a function and propose a method to discover stable motif pairs of this function from a large protein interaction sequence data set. There are many interesting properties for this function (for example, the convergence). Some of them are useful for gaining much efficiency in the discovery of those stable motif pairs; some are useful for explaining why our proposed fixed point theorems are a good way to model the binding of protein interactions. Our results are also compared to biological results to elaborate the effectiveness of our method. © 2005 IEEE.

Li, M & Hoang, DB 2005, 'FIAC: a resource discovery-based two-level admission control for differentiated service networks', Computer Communications, vol. 28, no. 18, pp. 2094-2104.
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Differentiated Service (DiffServ) architecture has been proposed as a scalable QoS architecture for Internet. DiffServ, however, could not control its loads under heavy traffic conditions, and it could not provide strong QoS responses for individual traffic flow. This paper introduces at the edges of a DiffServ domain, a novel two-level admission control scheme, the Fair Intelligent Admission Control (FIAC). At per-class level, FIAC admits traffic according their fairshare and usage while preventing possible congestion within the DiffServ core. At per-flow level, FIAC estimates and allocates the fairshare for each flow within a class. Simulation results demonstrate that FIAC adheres extremely well to the bandwidth requirements of DiffServ classes while preventing congestion within the DiffServ core. With FIAC's per-flow level enabled, FIAC is able to prevent uncontrolled UDP flows from depriving TCP-controlled flows of bandwidth share when they are aggregated to the DiffServ domain.

Li, M, Hoang, DB & Simmonds, AJ 2005, 'Fair Intelligent Admission Control over resource-feedback DiffServ network', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 28, no. 15, pp. 1770-1777.
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Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & Lam, HK 2005, 'An improved genetic algorithm based fuzzy-tuned neural network', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 457-474.
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This paper presents a fuzzy-tuned neural network, which is trained by an improved genetic algorithm (GA). The fuzzy-tuned neural network consists of a neural-fuzzy network and a modified neural network. In the modified neural network, a neuron model with two activation functions is used so that the degree of freedom of the network function can be increased. The neural-fuzzy network governs some of the parameters of the neuron model. It will be shown that the performance of the proposed fuzzy-tuned neural network is better than that of the traditional neural network with a similar number of parameters. An improved GA is proposed to train the parameters of the proposed network. Sets of improved genetic operations are presented. The performance of the improved GA will be shown to be better than that of the traditional GA. Some application examples are given to illustrate the merits of the proposed neural network and the improved GA. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

LING, SH, LEUNG, FHF, WONG, LK & LAM, HK 2005, 'COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR HOME ELECTRIC LOAD FORECASTING AND BALANCING', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 05, no. 03, pp. 371-391.
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The paper presents an electric load balancing system for domestic use. An electric load forecasting system, which is realized by a genetic algorithm-based modified neural network, is employed. On forecasting the home power consumption profile, the load balancing system can adjust the amount of energy stored in battery accordingly, preventing it from reaching certain practical limits. A steady consumption from the AC mains can then be obtained which will benefit both the users and the utility company. An example will be given to illustrate the merits of the forecaster, and its performance on achieving the load balancing.

Liu, H, Han, H, Li, J & Wong, L 2005, 'DNAFSMiner: a web-based software toolbox to recognize two types of functional sites in DNA sequences', Bioinformatics, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 671-673.
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Abstract Summary: DNAFSMiner (DNA Functional Sites Miner) is a web-based software toolbox to recognize functional sites in nucleic acid sequences. Currently in this toolbox, we provide two software: TIS Miner and Poly(A) Signal Miner. The TIS Miner can be used to predict translation initiation sites in vertebrate DNA/mRNA/cDNA sequences, and the Poly(A) Signal Miner can be used to predict polyadenylation [poly(A)] signals in human DNA sequences. The prediction results are better than those by literature methods on two benchmark applications. This good performance is mainly attributable to our unique learning method. DNAFSMiner is available free of charge for academic and non-profit organizations. Availability:  http://research.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/DNAFSMiner/ Contact:  huiqing@i2r.a-star.edu.sg

Liu, H, Li, J & Wong, L 2005, 'Use of extreme patient samples for outcome prediction from gene expression data', Bioinformatics, vol. 21, no. 16, pp. 3377-3384.
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Motivation: Patient outcome prediction using microarray technologies is an important application in bioinformatics. Based on patients' genotypic microarray data, predictions are made to estimate patients' survival time and their risk of tumor metastasis or recurrence. So, accurate prediction can potentially help to provide better treatment for patients. Results: We present a new computational method for patient outcome prediction. In the training phase of this method, we make use of two types of extreme patient samples: short-term survivors who got an unfavorable outcome within a short period and long-term survivors who were maintaining a favorable outcome after a long follow-up time. These extreme training samples yield a clear platform for us to identify relevant genes whose expression is closely related to the outcome. The selected extreme samples and the relevant genes are then integrated by a support vector machine to build a prediction model, by which each validation sample is assigned a risk score that falls into one of the special pre-defined risk groups. We apply this method to several public datasets. In most cases, patients in high and low risk groups stratified by our method have clearly distinguishable outcome status as seen in their Kaplan-Meier curves. We also show that the idea of selecting only extreme patient samples for training is effective for improving the prediction accuracy when different gene selection methods are used. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Meier, C, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Seibel, MJ & Eisman, JA 2005, 'Bone Resorption and Osteoporotic Fractures in Elderly Men: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 579-587.
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Abstract Among the potential risk factors for fragility fractures, bone turnover is considered an important determinant. In a case-cohort control study of 151 elderly men followed prospectively over 6.3 years, high bone resorption as assessed by S-ICTP was associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture, independent of BMD. Combining measurements of BMD and bone turnover may improve fracture prediction in elderly men. Introduction: Approximately one-third of osteoporotic fractures occur in men. Among the potential risk factors for fragility fractures, bone turnover is considered an important determinant. The association between fracture risk and rates of bone turnover has not been well established in men. We examined this relationship in elderly community-dwelling men. Materials and Methods: This case-cohort control study included 50 men with incident low-trauma fractures (cases; age, 72.3 ± 6.7 years) and 101 men without fracture (controls; age, 70.4 ± 4.1 years), who have been prospectively followed in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study for a median of 6.3 years (range, 2-13 years). BMD at the lumbar spine (LSBMD) and at the femoral neck (FNBMD) and markers of bone turnover were measured at baseline. Bone resorption was assessed by measuring nonfasting serum concentrations of the carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (S-ICTP) and of a linear octapeptide derived from the carboxyterminal type I collagen telopeptide (S-CTX). Bone formation was assessed by measuring the serum levels of the aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (S-PINP). Results: Men with subsequent fractures had lower BMD at baseline, both at the femoral neck and the spine, lower dietary calcium intake, and higher S-ICTP levels than age-and weight-matched controls. Smoking habits, S-CTX, and S-PINP did...

Murphy, AJ, Watsford, ML, Coutts, AJ & Richards, DAB 2005, 'Effects of creatine supplementation on aerobic power and cardiovascular structure and function', JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 305-313.
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This project aimed to determine 1) whether creatine (Cr) supplementation affects cardiovascular structure and function and 2) to examine its effect on aerobic power. Eighteen males undertook aerobic testing on a cycle ergometer and echocardiographic asse

Nelson, AE, Howe, CJ, Nguyen, TV, Seibel, MJ, Baxter, RC, Handelsman, DJ, Kazlauskas, R & Ho, KK 2005, 'Erythropoietin administration does not influence the GH–IGF axis or makers of bone turnover in recreational athletes', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 305-309.
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SummaryObjective  Measurement of biochemical markers of the IGF‐system and of collagen turnover is a potential approach to detect GH abuse in sport. These markers are increased in patients on dialysis treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (r‐HuEPO), mimicking the effects of GH. The aim was to determine whether r‐HuEPO induces similar effects on the IGF‐system and collagen turnover in healthy athletes.Subjects and measurements  Young male Caucasian recreational athletes were administered 50 U/kg r‐HuEPO (n = 14) or placebo (n = 16) three times a week for 25 days, followed by a 4‐week wash‐out period. IGF‐I, IGFBP‐3, the acid labile subunit (ALS), N‐terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and N‐terminal propeptide of type III collagen (PIIINP) were measured in samples collected at baseline (two samples), after 10, 22 and 24 days of r‐HuEPO treatment and at the end of the 4‐week wash‐out period.Results  Treatment with r‐HuEPO resulted in approximately threefold elevation of serum EPO and marked elevation of markers of erythropoiesis. There was no significant treatment effect of r‐HuEPO compared to baseline on IGF‐I, IGFBP‐3, ALS, PINP, ICTP or PIIINP.Conclusions  r‐HuEPO administration did not change markers of the IGF‐system and of collagen turnover in young healthy male athletes. Therefore, use of r‐HuEPO in athletes should not affect the validity of a GH doping test using these GH‐responsive markers.

Newton-John, TR 2005, 'The family impact of pain scale: Preliminary validation', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN MEDICAL SETTINGS, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 349-358.
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Nguyen, TT, Taylor, PWJ, Redden, RJ & Ford, R 2005, 'Resistance to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. in a wild Cicer germplasm collection', Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1291-1291.
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Cultivated chickpea germplasm collections contain a low frequency of ascochyta blight resistant accessions. This might lead to limitations on the future progress of chickpea breeding worldwide. In an effort to identify novel sources of resistance to ascochyta blight, 56 unique accessions, comprising 8 annual wild Cicer species, were evaluated under a controlled environment that was optimal for infection with an aggressive Australian isolate of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse. The majority of wild Cicer accessions were either susceptible or highly susceptible to A. rabiei 21 days after inoculation; however, 11 accessions, of which 7 were Cicer judaicum, were resistant. The most resistant accession detected in this study, ATC 46934, together with accessions ATC 46892 and ATC 46935, which were resistant in this and another study, should be targeted for use in future interspecific resistance breeding programs.

Nguyen, TV 2005, 'Pharmacogenetics of anti-resorptive therapy efficacy: a Bayesian interpretation', Osteoporosis International, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 857-860.
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Nguyen, TV, Esteban, LM, White, CP, Grant, SF, Center, JR, Gardiner, EM & Eisman, JA 2005, 'Contribution of the Collagen I α1 and Vitamin D Receptor Genes to the Risk of Hip Fracture in Elderly Women', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 90, no. 12, pp. 6575-6579.
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Nguyen, TV, Nguyen, ND & Ahlborg, HG 2005, 'Risk Assessment and Fracture Discrimination by Ultrasound: The Debate Continues', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 536-538.
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Nowak, D, Florek, M, Nowak, J, Kwiatek, W, Lekki, J, Zięba, E, Romero, PG, Ben-Nissan, B & Kuczumow, A 2005, 'Micro-Spectrometric Investigations of Inorganic Components of the Black Corals for Biomedical Applications', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 284-286, no. 1, pp. 297-300.
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The distribution of about twenty inorganic elements was traced in the skeletons of black corals of the Antipathes salix species. Electron microprobe and PIXE mappings revealed the peculiar structure of this material, composed of the large cells (arranged in annual rings), surrounded by thin layers with an elevatedlevel of iodine (up to 5%). Our current knowledge of the chemical composition of these corals’ skeleton is not complete. Essentially the organic skeleton is saturated with inorganic elements and several of these could be commercially important. In fact, they have never been investigated for biomedical applications. Inthis preliminary current work, black corals from the Antipathes salix species were studied with the aim of detecting the inorganic components of their matrix and their suitability as biomedical materials.

O'Dowd, BF, Ji, X, Alijaniaram, M, Rajaram, RD, Kong, MMC, Rashid, A, Nguyen, T & George, SR 2005, 'Dopamine Receptor Oligomerization Visualized in Living Cells', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 280, no. 44, pp. 37225-37235.
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G protein-coupled receptors occur as dimers within arrays of oligomers. We visualized ensembles of dopamine receptor oligomers in living cells and evaluated the contributions of receptor conformation to the dynamics of oligomer association and dissociation, using a strategy of trafficking a receptor to another cellular compartment. We incorporated a nuclear localization sequence into the D1 dopamine receptor, which translocated from the cell surface to the nucleus. Receptor inverse agonists blocked this translocation, retaining the modified receptor, D1-nuclear localization signal (NLS), at the cell surface. D1 co-translocated with D1-NLS to the nucleus, indicating formation of homooligomers. (+)-Butaclamol retained both receptors at the cell surface, and removal of the drug allowed translocation of both receptors to the nucleus. Agonist-nonbinding D1(S198A/S199A)-NLS, containing two substituted serine residues in transmembrane 5 also oligomerized with D1, and both were retained on the cell surface by (+)-butaclamol. Drug removal disrupted these oligomerized receptors so that D1 remained at the cell surface while D1(S198A/S199A)-NLS trafficked to the nucleus. Thus, receptor conformational differences permitted oligomer disruption and showed that ligand-binding pocket occupancy by the inverse agonist induced a conformational change. We demonstrated robust heterooligomerization between the D2 dopamine receptor and the D1 receptor. The heterooligomers could not be disrupted by inverse agonists targeting either one of the receptor constituents. However, D2 did not heterooligomerize with the structurally modified D1(S198A/S199A), indicating an impaired interface for their interaction. Thus, we describe a novel method showing that a homogeneous receptor conformation maintains the structural integrity of oligomers, whereas conformational heterogeneity disrupts it. © 2005 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Ozawa, K, Headlam, MJ, Mouradov, D, Watt, SJ, Beck, JL, Rodgers, KJ, Dean, RT, Huber, T, Otting, G & Dixon, NE 2005, 'Translational incorporation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine into proteins', FEBS JOURNAL, vol. 272, no. 12, pp. 3162-3171.
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An Escherichia coli cell-free transcription/translation system was used to explore the high-level incorporation Of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) into proteins by replacing tyrosine with DOPA in the reaction mixtures. ESI-MS showed specific incorpor

Parker, D, Grbich, C, Brown, M, Maddocks, I, Willis, E & Roe, P 2005, 'A Palliative Approach or Specialist Palliative Care? What Happens in Aged Care Facilities for Residents with a Noncancer Diagnosis?', Journal of Palliative Care, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 80-87.
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This article presents results of the second stage of a research project which explored the palliative care needs of 69 residents with a noncancer diagnosis in South Australia. Extensive data were collected prospectively from case notes, and resident and staff interviews over a 10-week period. Residents were suffering multiple conditions and were highly dependent for activities of daily living. Most residents’ care was consistent with a palliative approach, with only three residents in the study referred to a specialist palliative care service. However, for some residents, pain and symptom management were not always adequate, and referral to a specialist palliative care service would have been appropriate. This research indicates that, with additional education, it could be possible to extend the principles and philosophy of palliative care by adopting a palliative care approach within aged care facilities.

Pine, M, Murphy, A, Watsford, M & Coutts, A 2005, '107 Specific repiratory muscle training: the effects of various training strategies upon repeat sprint performance', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 8, pp. 64-64.
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Pongchaiyakul, C, Kosulwat, V, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Charoenkiatkul, S, Thepsuthammarat, K, Laopaiboon, M, Nguyen, TV & Rajatanavin, R 2005, 'Prediction of Percentage Body Fat in Rural Thai Population Using Simple Anthropometric Measurements', Obesity Research, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 729-738.
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AbstractObjective: To develop and validate sex‐specific equations for predicting percentage body fat (%BF) in rural Thai population, based on BMI and anthropometric measurements.Research Methods and Procedures: %BF (DXA; GE Lunar Corp., Madison, WI) was measured in 181 men and 255 women who were healthy and between 20 and 84 years old. Anthropometric measures such as weight (kilograms), height (centimeters), BMI (kilograms per meter squared), waist circumference (centimeters), hip circumference (centimeters), thickness at triceps skinfold (millimeters), biceps skinfold (millimeters), subscapular skinfold (millimeters), and suprailiac skinfold (millimeters) were also measured. The sample was randomly divided into a development group (98 men and 125 women) and a validation group (83 men and 130 women). Regression equations of %BF derived from the development group were then evaluated for accuracy in the validation group.Results: The equation for estimating %BF in men was: %BF(men) = 0.42 × subscapular skinfold + 0.62 × BMI − 0.28 × biceps skinfold + 0.17 × waist circumference − 18.47, and in women: %BF(women) = 0.42 × hip circumference + 0.17 × suprailiac skinfold + 0.46 × BMI − 23.75. The coefficient of determination (R2) for both equations was 0.68. Without anthropometric variables, the predictive equation using BMI, age, and sex was: %BF = 1.65 × BMI + 0.06 × age − 15.3 × sex − 10.67 (where sex = 1 for men and sex = 0 for women), with R2 = 0.83. When these equations were applied to the validation sample, the difference between measured and predicted %BF ranged between ±9%, and the positive predictive values were above 0.9.Discussion: These results suggest that simple, n...

Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2005, 'Clinical risk indices, prediction of osteoporosis, and prevention of fractures: diagnostic consequences and costs', Osteoporosis International, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1444-1450.
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Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Foocharoen, C & Rajatanavin, R 2005, 'Estimated volumetric bone mineral density in a rural Thai men and women: Khon Kaen Osteoporosis Study (KKOS).', J Med Assoc Thai, vol. 88 Suppl 5, pp. S46-S52.
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The authors examined the areal bone mineral density (aFNBMD) and estimated volumetric bone mineral density at the femoral neck (vFNBMD) in rural Thai men and women. A total of 181 men and 255 women, between 20 and 84 years of age, living in rural areas of Khon Kaen province, were randomly selected. Areal FNBMD and estimated v FNBMD were determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DPX-IQ, GE Lunar Corp, Madison, WI). Men had a significantly higher aFNBMD than women, whereas the estimated vFNBMD was similar regardless of sex. The peak for the aFNBMD vs. vFNBMD was observed between 20 and 29 vs. 30 and 39 years of age in men and women, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis in men and women using estimated vFNBMD vs. aFNBMD cut-offs was 19 and 14.2 vs 11.8 and 26 percent, respectively. Prevalence increased with age. Estimated vFNBMD shows only small sex-correlated differences in bone density. Estimated vFNBMD was more sensitive than aFNBMD, when used to define the osteoporotic cut-offs in men, while it was less sensitive than aFNBMD in women.

Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Kosulwat, V, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Charoenkiatkul, S & Rajatanavin, R 2005, 'Effect of urbanization on bone mineral density: A Thai epidemiological study', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 6, no. 1.
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Background: The incidence of fractures in rural populations is lower than in urban populations, although the reason for this difference is unclear. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the difference in bone mineral density (BMD), a primary predictor of fracture risk, between urban and rural Thai populations. Methods: Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar, Madison, WI) in 411 urban and 436 rural subjects (340 men and 507 women), aged between 20 and 84 years. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height. Results: After adjusting for age and body weight in an analysis of covariance model, femoral neck BMD in rural men and women was significantly higher than those in urban men and women (P < 0.001), but the difference was not observed at the lumbar spine. After stratifying by sex, age group, and BMI category, the urban-rural difference in femoral neck BMD became more pronounced in men and women aged <50 years and with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Conclusions: These data suggest that femoral neck BMD in rural men and women was higher than their counterparts in urban areas. This difference could potentially explain part of the urban-rural difference in fracture incidence. © 2005 Pongchaiyakul et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Kosulwat, V, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Charoenkiatkul, S, Eisman, JA & Rajatanavin, R 2005, 'Contribution of lean tissue mass to the urban-rural difference in bone mineral density', Osteoporosis International, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1761-1768.
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Ren, BH, O'Brien, B, Swan, MA & Simpson, AM 2005, 'In vivo delivery of the human insulin gene results in long-term reversal of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rats', JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1124-1124.
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N/A

Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 2005, 'Classifier selection for majority voting', Information Fusion, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 63-81.
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Individual classification models are recently challenged by combined pattern recognition systems, which often show better performance. In such systems the optimal set of classifiers is first selected and then combined by a specific fusion method. For a small number of classifiers optimal ensembles can be found exhaustively, but the burden of exponential complexity of such search limits its practical applicability for larger systems. As a result, simpler search algorithms and/or selection criteria are needed to reduce the complexity. This work provides a revision of the classifier selection methodology and evaluates the practical applicability of diversity measures in the context of combining classifiers by majority voting. A number of search algorithms are proposed and adjusted to work properly with a number of selection criteria including majority voting error and various diversity measures. Extensive experiments carried out with 15 classifiers on 27 datasets indicate inappropriateness of diversity measures used as selection criteria in favour of the direct combiner error based search. Furthermore, the results prompted a novel design of multiple classifier systems in which selection and fusion are recurrently applied to a population of best combinations of classifiers rather than the individual best. The improvement of the generalisation performance of such system is demonstrated experimentally. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sader, MA, McGrath, KCY, Hill, MD, Bradstock, KF, Jimenez, M, Handelsman, DJ, Celermajer, DS & Death, AK 2005, 'Androgen receptor gene expression in leucocytes is hormonally regulated: implications for gender differences in disease pathogenesis', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 56-63.
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SummaryObjective  There is evidence that male sex hormones influence the rate of progression of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that human leucocytes and arterial cells isolated from male donors express more androgen receptor (AR) than those from female cells, with potentially pro‐atherogenic effects. We now investigate whether the gender difference in AR expression is due to genetic or hormonal regulation.Design and Patients  The influence of hormones on AR expression were studied in hpg mice (a mouse model of androgen deficiency) treated with testosterone, oestradiol or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Blood samples were obtained for leucocyte AR expression and hormone levels from 53 subjects, grouped into: 12 male [six young adult (27–45 years), six elderly (71–79 years)] and six female (young adult 25–45 years) healthy controls; six male‐to‐female transsexuals (M2F; 20–50 years) receiving stable pharmacological oral oestrogen treatment; six female‐to‐male transsexuals (F2M; 31–51 years) receiving stable androgen replacement therapy; five younger men (18–56 years) who had been receiving long‐term androgen replacement therapy for hypogonadal disease; six elderly men (72–88 years) who had undergone medical castration for prostate cancer treatment; and 12 male bone marrow transplant recipients (BMT; 23–65 years) from either male or female donors.Measurements  Serum testosterone and oestradiol concentrations were measured by established immunoflurometric assays from unextracted human serum. AR mRNA levels were measured by RT–PCR and AR protein levels by western blot (cell culture) or immunohistochemistry (mouse arteries).Results  We found that AR mRNA levels were significantly down‐regulated in the leucocytes of h...

Sharma, R, von Haehling, S, Rauchhaus, M, Bolger, AP, Genth‐Zotz, S, Doehner, W, Oliver, B, Poole‐Wilson, PA, Hans‐Dieter, V, Coats, AJS, Adcock, IM & Anker, SD 2005, 'Whole blood endotoxin responsiveness in patients with chronic heart failure: the importance of serum lipoproteins', European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 479-484.
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BackgroundEndotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] may be an important stimulus for cytokine release in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We sought to investigate the relationship between whole blood endotoxin responsiveness and serum lipoprotein concentrations. It is not known if low‐dose LPS is sufficient to stimulate immune activation.Methods and resultsWhole blood from 32 CHF patients (mean age 66±2 years, NYHA class 2.7±0.2, five female) and 11 healthy control subjects (mean age 47±4 years, six female) was stimulated with LPS at nine different concentrations (0.001 to 10 ng/mL), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) release was quantified. Reference standard endotoxin at concentrations of 0, 0.6, 1, and 3 EU/ml was added to whole blood from nine CHF patients (age 64α9.1 years, all NYHA class II, eight male) and incubated for 6 h, the TNF‐α production being measured. Serum lipoproteins were quantified using standard techniques. In CHF patients, there was an inverse relationship between whole blood TNF‐α release and serum cholesterol which was strongest at 0.6 ng/mL of LPS (r=−0.53, p=0.002). A similar although weaker relationship was found for serum HDL. No such correlation was found in healthy subjects or with serum LDL (all r2<0.1). Low concentrations of LPS induced a stepwise increase in TNF‐± release from whole blood to concentrations well above those seen in CHF.ConclusionsSerum lipoproteins may play an important role in regulating LPS bioactivity in CHF. Very low LPS activity, at levels seen in vivo in CHF, can induce significant TNF‐α production ex vivo.

Sirotic, A, Russell, N & Coutts, A 2005, '105 The reliability of a team sport-specific running protocol on a non-motorised treadmill', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 8, pp. 63-63.
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Sirotic, A, Russell, N, Knowles, H & Coutts, A 2005, '112 Time-motion analysis of elite and semi-elite Rugby League', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 8, pp. 67-67.
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Smith, PJ, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Ben-Aim, R & Nguyen, H 2005, 'Design of a generic control system for optimising back flush durations in a submerged membrane hybrid reactor', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 255, no. 1-2, pp. 99-106.
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Organic fouling on the membrane can be minimised through powdered activated carbon (PAC) usage in the submerged membrane reactor to adsorb dissolved organic matter and reduce direct organic loading on the membrane. However, fouling cannot be totally alle

So, CH, Varghese, G, Curley, KJ, Kong, MMC, Alijaniaram, M, Ji, X, Nguyen, T, O'Dowd, BF & George, SR 2005, 'D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors Form Heterooligomers and Cointernalize after Selective Activation of Either Receptor', Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 568-578.
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We provided evidence for the formation of a novel phospholipase C-mediated calcium signal arising from coactivation of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. In the present study, robust fluorescence resonance energy transfer showed that these receptors exist in close proximity indicative of D1-D2 receptor heterooligomerization. The close proximity of these receptors within the heterooligomer allowed for cross-phosphorylation of the D2 receptor by selective activation of the D1 receptor. D1-D2 receptor heterooligomers were internalized when the receptors were coactivated by dopamine or either receptor was singly activated by the D1-selective agonist (±)-6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1- phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrobromide (SKF 81297) or the D2-selective agonist quinpirole. The D2 receptor expressed alone did not internalize after activation by quinpirole except when coexpressed with the D1 receptor. D1-D2 receptor heterooligomerization resulted in an altered level of steady-state cell surface expression compared with D1 and D2 homooligomers, with increased D2 and decreased D1 receptor cell surface density. Together, these results demonstrated that D1 and D2 receptors formed heterooligomeric units with unique cell surface localization, internalization, and transactivation properties that are distinct from that of D1 and D2 receptor homooligomers. Copyright © 2005 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

Su, SW, Bao, J & Lee, PL 2005, 'Control of multivariable Hammerstein systems by using feedforward passivation', INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 891-899.
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This paper presents a new control method for processes which can be described by Hammerstein models. The control design is based on the concept of passive systems. The proposed method is based on feedforward passivation and thus can be applied to nonminimum phase processes and/or processes of high relative degree. A synthesis technique for marginally stable positive real systems has been developed to achieve offset free control. The new control design can be easily implemented by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed approach is illustrated using the example of an acid-base pH control problem.

Vaeyens, R, Coutts, A & Philippaerts, RM 2005, 'Evaluation of the “under-21 rule”: Do young adult soccer players benefit?', Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1003-1012.
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Young adult soccer players often encounter difficulty progressing from youth competition to being regularly selected for high-level, open-age competition. In an attempt to increase the playing opportunities of semi-professional and amateur under-21 playe

Watsford, ML, Murphy, AJ, Pine, MJ & Coutts, AJ 2005, 'The effect of habitual exercise on respiratory-muscle function in older adults', JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 34-44.
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Older adults' participation in habitual exercise might be affected by alterations to respiratory mechanics such as decreased respiratory-muscle strength. This reduction can cause a decrease in efficiency of the ventilatory pump, potentially compromising exercise participation. This research examined the role of habitual exercise in respiratory-muscle function and the associated implications for exercise performance. Seventy-two healthy older adults (36 men, 64.9 ± 8.6 years, 177.2 ± 8.4 cm, 82.5 ± 11.9 kg; 36 women, 64.9 ± 9.5 years, 161.7 ± 6.4 cm, 61.6 ± 9.2 kg) undertook respiratory-function and walking-performance tests. Active men and women achieved higher scores than their inactive counterparts for all tests except spirometry, where no differences were evident. The results indicate that a significant amount of the elevated fitness level might be accounted for by increased endurance capacity of the inspiratory muscles. Inactive older individuals might be at risk for inadequate respiratory-muscle strength, so interventions should be considered.

Wei, M, Ruys, AJ, Milthorpe, BK & Sorrell, CC 2005, 'Precipitation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: Effects of precipitation method on electrophoretic deposition', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 319-324.
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Electrophoretic deposition is a low-cost, simple, and flexible coating method for producing hydroxyapatite ( HA) coatings on metal implants with a broad range of thicknesses, from < 1 mu m to > 500 mu m. As for many other HA coating techniques, densification of electrophoretically deposited coatings involves heating the coated metal to temperatures above 1000 degrees C. Metal substrates tend to react with HA coatings at such temperatures inducing decomposition at temperatures below 1050 degrees C ( decomposition for pure HA normally occurs above 1300 degrees C). Therefore, densification of these coatings needs to be conducted at temperatures lower than 1050 degrees C, and this necessitates the use of high-surface-area HA nano-precipitates, rather than commercially available pre-calcined powders, which densify at temperatures typically higher than 1200 degrees C. HA nano-precipitates were prepared by three methods and deposited on metal substrates by electrophoresis: ( 1) the acid base method, which produced plate-like nano-particles with a 2.5: 1 aspect ratio, and severely cracked coatings; ( 2) the calcium acetate method, which produced needle-like nano-particles with a 10: 1 aspect ratio, and slightly cracked coatings; ( 3) the metathesis method, which produced rounded nano-particles with a 2: 1 aspect ratio, and high-quality crack-free coatings. The results suggested that the less equiaxed the nano-particles, the more cracked the coatings obtained by the electrophoretic deposition technique

Wei, M, Ruys, AJ, Swain, MV, Milthorpe, BK & Sorrell, CC 2005, 'Hydroxyapatite-coated metals: Interfacial reactions during sintering', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 101-106.
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Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a low cost flexible process for producing HA coatings on metal implants. Its main limitation is that it requires heating the coated implant in order to densify the HA. HA typically sinters at a temperature below 1150 degreesC, but metal implants are degraded above 1000 degreesC. Further, the metal induces the decomposition of the HA coating upon sintering. Recent developments have enabled EPD of metathesis-synthesised uncalcined HA which sinters at similar to 1000 degreesC. The effects of temperature on HA-coated Ti, T16AI4V, and 316L stainless steel were investigated for dual coatings of metathesis HA sintered at 1000 degreesC. The use of dual HA coatings (coat, sinter, coat, sinter) enabled decomposition to be confined to the "undercoat" (HA layer 1), with the surface coating decomposition free. The tensile strength of the three metals was not significantly affected by the high sintering temperatures (925 degreesC < T < 1000degreesC). XRD/SEM/EDS analyses of the interfacial zones revealed that 316L had a negligible HA:metal interfacial zone (similar to1 mum) while HA:Ti and HA:Ti6Al4V had large interfacial zones (>10 mum) comprising a TiO2 oxidation zone and a CaTiO3 reaction zone

Wu, T, McGrath, KCY & Death, AK 2005, 'Cardiovascular disease in diabetic nephropathy patients: cell adhesion molecules as potential markers?', Vascular Health and Risk Management, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 309-316.
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Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, especially for patients with diabetic nephropathy. The underlying factor or pathogenic mechanism that links diabetic nephropathy with cardiovascular disease is not known. The endothelial cell adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, play a crucial role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Levels of both cell adhesion molecules are raised by the diabetic and kidney disease states. This review focuses on these important cell adhesion molecules and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

Zreiqat, H, Roest, R, Valenzuela, S, Milev, A & Ben-Nissan, B 2005, 'Human Bone Derived Cell (HBDC) Behaviour of Sol-Gel Derived Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Alloy Substrates', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 284-286, no. 1, pp. 541-544.
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Poor cell adhesion to orthopaedic and dental implants results in implant failure.Establishing and maintaining mature bone at the bone/device interface is critical to the long-term success of the prostheses. Considerable effort has been devoted to alter the surface characteristics of these biomaterials in order to improve the initial interlocking of device and skeleton in the noncemented joint prosthesis. Previously we demonstrated that surface chemistry modification of bioceramics induced osteogenesis. In the present work, we investigate the effect of surface chemistry modification of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with alkoxide-derived carbonatehydroxyapatite (CHAp) using sol-gel coating methods on human bone derived cell (HBDC)behaviour. Western blotting demonstrated that sol gel coating of Ti-6Al-4V with CHAp upregulated the expression of key signalling protein Shc isoforms (p46, p52, p66) and phosphorylated Erk1/2. CHAp-modification of Ti-6Al-4V is associated with signal transduction pathways involving the key signalling protein Shc and ERK1/2 which may lead to enhanced gene expression of extracellularmatrix proteins at the skeletal tissue/device interface.

Zreiqat, H, Valenzuela, SM, Nissan, BB, Roest, R, Knabe, C, Radlanski, RJ, Renz, H & Evans, PJ 2005, 'The effect of surface chemistry modification of titanium alloy on signalling pathways in human osteoblasts', Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 36, pp. 7579-7586.
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Establishing and maintaining mature bone at the bone-device interface is critical to the long-term success of prosthesis. Poor cell adhesion to orthopaedic and dental implants results in implant failure. Considerable effort has been devoted to alter the

Biady, J, Tao, CZ, O'Brien, B & Simpson, AM 1970, 'Susceptibility of an insulin-secreting liver cell line to the toxic effects of cytokines involved in the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells', Journal of Medicine, Wiley, Melbourne, pp. 1124-1124.

Chan, JC & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Novel user-centric model for m-business transformation', ICMB 2005: International Conference on Mobile Business, International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 3-8.
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Current mobile business applications are generally device-centric, platform specific and infrastructure dependent. This paper presents a novel user-centric leading to the development of wireless on-demand systems and services independent of devices, netw

Chan, JC, Hoang, DB & IEEE 1970, 'Service architecture for integrating MANETs with heterogeneous IP networks', 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Vols 1-4, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 2270-2275.
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Multi-hop Ad-hoc Network is promising to extend the reach of current Mobile Internet, and support ubiquitous computing. However, it is hindered by the lack of a flexible network structure bridging the gaps between MANETs and heterogeneous IP networks. This paper introduces a novel Mobile Peer-to-Peer Overlay as an enabling structure for uniting connectivity, mobility and services. Our proposed service architecture allows mobile users to build networks on-the-fly, and capitalize relevant resources in their vicinity for universal communications. Practical implementation of system prototype demonstrates that our proposed framework lays a solid foundation for developing an Integrated Mobile Internet and Ubiquitous Computing. © 2005 IEEE.

Ch'ng, E, Tao, CZ, Martin, DK, Lutherborrow, M, Tuch, BE & Simpson, AM 1970, 'Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from an engineered human liver cell line is regulated by the l-type calcium channel', Journal Of Gene Medicine, 4th Meeting of the Australasian-Gene-Therapy-Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1131-1131.
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Craig, DA & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Wireless Real-Time Head Movement System Using a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for Control of a Power Wheelchair', 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 6235-6238.
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Loss of mobility can occur for a variety of reasons,such as spinal cord injury or motor neurone disease. The onset of these conditions often brings with it an associated loss of personal independence, which is primarily due to the fact that the sufferer is no longer able to control their mobility. This project aims to address this problem through the creation of a head movement based wheelchair control system. Using a personal digital assistant (PDA) artificial intelligence techniques on an embedded LINUX operating system, a wireless head movement wheelchair control system has been designed and implemented. This system provides relief for sufferers of conditions which inhibit mobility through a method of wheelchair control which offers enhanced ease of use, attractiveness and independence. © 2005 IEEE.

Craig, DA & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Wireless Real-Time Head Movement System Using a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for Control of a Power Wheelchair', 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 772-775.
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Darcy, SA & Veal, AJ 1970, 'Leisure constraints: the case of disability and tourism', Kangaroo and Kiwi Kulture: Impacts on the Leisure Experience - 7th ANZALS Biennial Conference, 7th ANZALS Biennial Conference, ANZALS, Tauranga, New Zealand, pp. 19-19.

Darcy, SA & Wearing, SL 1970, 'Contested cultural heritage: an analysis of media representation of stakeholder views in local and regional newspapers on the NSW quarantine station', Kangaroo and Kiwi Kulture: Impacts on the Leisure Experience - 7th ANZALS Biennial Conference, 7th ANZALS Biennial Conference, ANZALS, Tauranga, New Zealand, pp. 20-20.

Darcy, SA, Bolton, C & Veal, AJ 1970, 'Evaluation of NSW maritime major special aquatic events: 2003 boat owner/ skipper survey', The Impacts of Events - Event Management Research Conference, Event Management Research Conference, ACEM, Sydney, Australia, pp. 203-215.
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Working paper

Di Maio, IL, Carl, D, Langehanenberg, P, Valenzuela, SM, Battle, AR, Al Khazaaly, S, Killingsworth, M, Kemper, B, von Bally, G & Martin, DK 1970, 'Structural properties of liposomes from digital holographic microscopy', SPIE Proceedings, Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, SPIE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1-9.
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We have constructed liposomes from L-alpha-Phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, which are biomimetic lipids similar to those present in the membranes of mammalian cells. We propose an advance in the use of liposomes, such as for drug delivery, to incorporate into the liposomal membranes transport proteins that have been extracted from the lipid membranes of mammalian cells. In this paper, we describe the usage of a novel optical microscope to characterize the nanomechanical properties of these liposomes. We have applied the technique of digital holographic microscopy(1), using an instrument recently developed at the University of Munster, Germany. This system enabled us to measure quantitatively the structural changes in liposomes. We have investigated the deformations of these biomimetic lipids comprising these liposomes by applying osmotic stresses, in order to gain insight into the membrane environment prior to incorporation of cloned membrane transport proteins. This control of the nanomechanical properties is important in the stresses transmitted to mechanosensitive ion channels that we have incorporated into the liposomal membranes. These liposomes provide transporting vesicles that respond to mechanical stresses, such as those that occur during implantation.

Duflos, S, Gay, V, Kervella, B & Horlait, E 1970, 'Integration of security parameters in the service level specification to improve QoS management of secure distributed multimedia services', AINA 2005: 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Vol 2, International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (was ICOIN), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 145-148.
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This paper proposes to integrate security parameters into the Service Level Specification (SLS). Integrating those parameters in the QoS part of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) specification is essential in particular for secure multimedia services since the QoS is negotiated when the multimedia service is deployed. Security mechanisms need to be negotiated at that time when sensible multimedia information is exchanged. In this paper we show that including security parameters in the SLA specification improves the negotiation, deployment and use of the secure multimedia service. The parameters this paper proposes to integrate have the advantage to be understandable by both the end-users and service providers.

Duflos, S, Gay, VC, Kervella, B & Horlait, E 1970, 'Improving the SLA-based management of QoS for secure multimedia services', MANAGEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS AND SERVICES, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on management of multimedia networks and services, Springer, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 204-215.
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his paper proposes to integrate security parameters into the Service Level Specification (SLS) template proposed in the Tequila project to improve SLA-based management of QoS [8], [21]. Integrating those parameters in the QoS part of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) specification is essential in particular for secure multimedia services since the QoS is negotiated when the multimedia service is deployed. Security mechanisms need to be negotiated at deployment time when sensible multimedia information is exchanged. In this paper we show that including security parameters in the SLA specification improves the SLA-based management of QoS and therefore the negotiation, deployment and use of the secure multimedia service. The parameters this paper proposes to integrate have the advantage to be understandable by both the end-users and service providers.

Gibson, T, Bostrom, O, Kullgren, A & Milthorpe, B 1970, 'The mechanisms of early onset C5/C6 soft-tissue neck injury in rear impacts', International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact - 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Proceedings, pp. 215-228.
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An anatomically based, multi-body model of the C5/C6 motion segment was developed to study soft-tissue neck injury mechanisms in rear impacts. This was integrated into the MADYMO-based van der Horst head and neck model. Responses were compared with volunteer test data up to head restraint impact. Soft-tissue loading was predicted for a series of rear-end vehicle crashes with crash recorders (n=78) and known long-term pain outcomes. Facet capsule shear and impingement injury mechanisms at C5/C6 were demonstrated. Facet capsule loading correlated well with NIC max and was able to predict the risk of AIS1 neck injuries with persisting pain.

Gunning, SJ, Maggio, FJ, Valenzuela, S, Broady, KW, King, GK & Nicholson, GM 1970, 'κ-Atracotoxins: Insect potassium channels blockers that reveal a novel insecticide target', Venoms to Drugs 3, Heron Island, QLD.

Gunning, SJ, Maggio, FJ, Valenzuela, S, Broady, KW, King, GK & Nicholson, GM 1970, 'Selective actions of κ-atracotoxins on insect KCa channels: electrophysiological validation of the insect target and pharmacophore', 7th Asia Pacific Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Cebu City, Philippines.

Hanh Le, Doan Hoang & Simmonds, A 1970, 'A self-organising model for topology-aware overlay formation', IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1566-1571.
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One of the major weaknesses of existing peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is that their overlay structures do not correlate to the physical underlying network topology. As a result, the overlays waste network resources and introduce excessive end-to-end latency for P2P applications. In this paper, we present a new model for topology-aware overlay formation. Firstly, it clusters nodes that are close to each other in terms of network latency and network membership. Secondly, it discovers the underlying topology between clusters to form an efficient overlay. The model is self-organising and distributed without the need of global knowledge.

Hanh Le, Doan Hoang, Simmonds, A, Yousef, B & Chan, J 1970, 'An efficient mechanism for mobility support using peer-to-peer overlay networks', INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., IEEE, pp. 325-330.
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Expanding the Internet infrastructure to span mobile devices is a challenging task. The Internet's addressing and routing scheme was originally designed for fixed devices making it inoperable without redirection and tracking functions such as those proposed by Mobile IP. However, Mobile IP requires prior network setup, and causes a large added overhead. In this paper, we propose a new approach to support mobile IP users using a Peer-to-Peer overlay network. The proposed overlay exploits locality to efficiently use the network resources and manage location data in a self-organizing and distributed fashion. The simulation results are presented. © 2005 IEEE.

Hanh Le, Hoang, D & Simmonds, A 1970, 'An optimised geographically-aware overlay network', INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., IEEE, Perth, Aust, pp. 372-377.
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Hoang, D, Le, H & Simmonds, A 1970, 'PIPPON: A Physical Infrastructure-aware Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network', TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Jinyan Li, Huiqing Liu & Ling Li 1970, 'Diagnostic Rules Induced by an Ensemble Method for Childhood Leukemia', Fifth IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE'05), Fifth IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE'05), IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 246-249.
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King, LM, Nguyen, HT, Taylor, PB & IEEE 1970, 'Hands-free head-movement gesture recognition using artificial Neural Networks and the Magnified Gradient Function', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2063-2066.
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This paper presents a hands-free head-movement gesture classification system using a Neural Network employing the Magnified Gradient Function (MGF) algorithm. The MGF increases the rate of convergence by magnifying the first order derivative of the activation function, whilst guaranteeing convergence. The MGF is tested on able-bodied and disabled users to measure its accuracy and performance. It is shown that for able-bodied users, a classification improvement from 98.25% to 99.85% is made, and 92.08% to 97.50% for disabled users. © 2005 IEEE.

Lawandi, J, Tao, CZ, O'Brien, B & Simpson, AM 1970, 'Susceptibility of an insulin-secreting liver cell line to the toxic effects of cytokines involved in the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells', Journal Of Gene Medicine, 4th Meeting of the Australasian-Gene-Therapy-Society, Unknown, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1124-1124.
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N/A

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, V & IEEE 1970, 'Personalized service and network adaptation for smart devices', 2005 ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (APCC), VOLS 1& 2, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 867-871.
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Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'A variable-parameter neural network trained by improved genetic algorithm and its application', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005), IEEE, Montreal, CANADA, pp. 1343-1348.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'Genetic algorithm-based variable translation wavelet neural network and its application', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005), IEEE, Montreal, CANADA, pp. 1365-1370.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'Real-coded genetic algorithm with average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation for network parameters learning', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005), IEEE, Montreal, CANADA, pp. 1325-1330.

Lubonski, M, Gay, V, Simmonds, A & IEEE 1970, 'A conceptual architecture for adaptation in remote desktop systems driven by the user perception of multimedia', 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Vols 1& 2, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 891-895.
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Lubonski, M, Gay, V, Simmonds, A & IEEE 1970, 'An adaptation architecture to improve user-perceived QoS of multimedia services for enterprise remote desktop protocols', 2005 Next Generation Internet Networks, Next Generation Internet Networks Traffic Engineering, IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 149-156.
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Limitations in the contemporary best effort WAN combined with an increase in demand of the business users for multimedia are the main challenges for remote desktop solutions. Thin client remote desktop protocols are now mature enough to work efficiently over low bandwidth and low quality links for normal office applications. However, they face significant challenges when working with more demanding data flows such as multimedia streams. This paper introduces the server-side component of the architecture for remote desktop environment aiming at improving user perception of the more demanding and network sensitive multimedia applications and services. Our component maps of user-perceived Quality of Service (QoS) onto network-level performance parameters in order to improve overall end-to-end QoS. The set of perception rules defined for each application and type of user triggers the adaptation mechanisms to change the transmission parameters in order to meet end user expectations. The adaptation mechanisms can optimize the usage of the available network resources within a dedicated network link both for different flows within single client connection and for all clients connected to the same server module. The result of such an optimization is a new set of connection parameters adjusted to network state changes and user perception of remote desktop. In the paper we discuss requirements of such QoS control mechanisms and respective adaptation mechanisms, followed by the detailed description of the proposed component architecture.

Masi, J & Gorrie, C 1970, 'New polymers for polymer magnetic devices', Proceedings Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, 2005., Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, 2005., IEEE, IN, Indianapolis, pp. 293-298.
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McLachlan, S, Arblaster, J, Liu, DK, Miro, JV & Chenoweth, L 1970, 'A Multi-Stage Shared Control Method for an Intelligent Mobility Assistant', 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005., 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005., IEEE, Chicago, USA, pp. 426-429.
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This paper presents a multi-stage shared control method (MSSC) which can be used to control the movement of a robotic mobility assistant designed to facilitate safe mobilization for people with unstable gait. The multi-stage control module consists of user intent, obstacle avoidance and fuzzy logic components. The user intent represents the person's commands. The obstacle avoidance component reads data representing any obstacles in the vicinity of the assistant and uses the Vector Field Histogram (VFH) algorithm to select a suitable path to avoid any obstacles in the path of travel. The fuzzy logic component is responsible for merging the user intent and obstacle avoidance information such that the user's request is satisfied to the highest extent possible. When an unsafe situation presents itself the user's request(s) will be partially or wholly overridden so the assistant can return to a safe state. The system has been designed to be dynamically configurable so as to suit different users in terms of gait stability and strength, preferred speed of travel and level of control over the system. It has been tested both in a simulated environment and real-world operating conditions and has been shown to effectively avoid obstacles with minimal disruption to the user and their intent. ©2005 IEEE.

Meinhardt, U, Kraenzlin, ME, Greenfield, JR, Nguyen, TV, Dunstan, CR & Seibel, MJ 1970, 'Serum cathepsin K levels reflect osteoclastic activity in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and patients with Paget's disease.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Nashville, TN, pp. S222-S223.

Meinhardt, UJ, Meier, C, Nguyen, TV, Greenfield, JR, Dunstan, CR, Kraenzlin, C & Seibel, MJ 1970, 'Serum cathepsin K measurements: Repeatability, intra-subject and postprandial variability.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Nashville, TN, pp. S223-S223.

Milton, J, Kennedy, P & Mitchell, H 1970, 'The effect of mutation on the accumulation of information in a genetic algorithm', AI 2005: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Sydney, Australia, pp. 360-368.
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We use an information theory approach to investigate the role of mutation on Genetic Algorithms (GA). The concept of solution alleles representing information in the GA and the associated concept of information density, being the average frequency of solution alleles in the population, are introduced. Using these concepts, we show that mutation applied indiscriminately across the population has, on average, a detrimental effect on the accumulation of solution alleles within the population and hence the construction of the solution. Mutation is shown to reliably promote the accumulation of solution alleles only when it is targeted at individuals with a lower information density than the mutation source. When individuals with a lower information density than the mutation source are targeted for mutation, very high rates of mutation can be used. This significantly increases the diversity of alleles present in the population, while also increasing the average occurrence of solution alleles.

Miro, JV, Dissanayake, G, Zhou, WZ & IEEE 1970, 'Vision-based SLAM using natural features in indoor environments', Proceedings of the 2005 Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks & Information Processing Conference, International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, IEEE Publications, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 151-156.
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This paper presents a practical approach to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem for autonomous mobile platforms by using natural visual landmarks obtained from an stereoscopic camera. It is an attempt to depart from traditional sensors such as laser rangefinders in order to gain the many benefits of nature-inspired information-rich 3D vision sensors. Whilst this makes the system fully observable in that the sensor provide enough information (range and bearing) to compute the full 2D estate of the observed landmarks from a single position, it is also true that depth information is difficult to rely on, particularly on measurements beyond a few meters (in fact the full 3D estate is observable, but here robot motion is constrained to 2D and only the 2D problem is considered). The work presented here is an attempt to overcome such a drawback by tackling the problem from a partially measurable SLAM perspective in that only landmark bearing from one of the cameras is employed in the fusion estimation. Range information estimates from the stereo pair is only used during map building in the landmark initialization phase in order to provide a reasonably accurate initial estimate. An additional benefit of the approach presented here lies in the data association aspect of SLAM. The availability of powerful feature extraction algorithms from the vision community, such as SIFT, permits a more flexible SLAM implementation separated from feature representation, extraction and matching, essentially carrying out matching with minimal recourse to geometry. Simulation results on real data illustrate the validity of the approach. © 2005 IEEE.

Mizuno, M, Shang, JK, Rusin, R, Kriven, W & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings: Preface', Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings.

Oliver, BG, King, NJ, Black, JL, Burgess, JK, Johnson, PR, Baraket, M, Johnston, SL & Lim, S 1970, 'The response of ex vivo rhinovirus infection of alveolar macrophages front asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects', INFLAMMATION RESEARCH, BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG, pp. S137-S138.

Peisah, C, Snowdon, J, Gorrie, C & Rodriguez, M 1970, 'Alzheimer's disease related pathology in late life suicide: preliminary analysis of the first 32 cases', INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS, CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, pp. 380-381.

Phan, HT & Hoang, DB 1970, 'FICC-DiffServ: A new QoS architecture supporting resources discovery, admission and congestion controls', Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Vol 2, Proceedings, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 710-715.
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Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS architecture is scalable but inadequate to deal with network congestion and unable to provide fairness among its traffic aggregates. Recently, IETF has recommended additional functions including admission control an

Phan, HT, Hoang, DB, Yousef, B & Society, IEEEC 1970, 'Performance analysis of the FICC-DiffServ architecture', LCN 2005: 30th Conference on Local Computer Networks, Proceedings, IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Sydney, Aust, pp. 451-457.
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This paper analyses the behaviour and evaluates the performance of a new QoS DiffServ model, called FICC-DiffServ, as implemented in [I]. The implementation proposed a comprehensive framework for DiffServ networks. In the model, the fair intelligent congestion control (FICC) algorithm is applied to provide fairness among traffic aggregates and control congestion inside the networks. Simulation results show that the FICC-DiffServ is robust and simple to implement. It provides excellent fairness and minimizes the packet delay and jitter under a wide range of variations of both internal and external network conditions. In addition, the paper investigates the dynamicity of the overall system by studying the impact of its target operating point on the overall system performance and suggesting a scheme to adjust the operating point adaptively

Pine, MJ, Murphy, AJ, Watsford, ML & Coutts, AJ 1970, 'Specific respiratory muscle training: the effects of various strategies upon repeat sprint performance', Promoting Innovation, Measuring Success - Program & Abstracts of the 2005 Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport, Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport, Sports Medicine Australia, Melbourne, Autralia, pp. 64-64.

Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Hierarchical Multilevel Approaches of Forecast Combination', OPERATIONS RESEARCH PROCEEDINGS 2004, Annual International Conference of the German-Operations-Research-Society, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Tilburg, NETHERLANDS, pp. 479-486.
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Rodgers, KJ, Dunlop, RA & Dean, RT 1970, 'A novel approach to determine the pathways involved in the cellular catabolism of oxidised proteins', FREE RADICAL RESEARCH, 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, West Midlands, ENGLAND, pp. S74-S74.

Sirotic, AC, Russell, N & Coutts, AJ 1970, 'The reliability of a team sport-specific running protocol on a non-motorised treadmill', Promoting Innovation, Measuring Success - Program & Abstracts of the 2005 Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport, Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport, Sports Medicine Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 63-63.

Sivabalan, P, Malmi, T, Brown, DA & Matolcsy, ZP 1970, 'An exploratory study of Australian operations budget practice', 2005 AFAANZ Conference Proceedings, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference, AFAANZ, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-26.

Su, SW, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Ambikairajah, E, Savkin, AV & IEEE 1970, 'Estimation of walking energy expenditure by using support vector regression', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3526-3529.
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This paper develops a new predictor of walking energy expenditure from wireless measurements of body movements using triaxial accelerometers. Reliable data were collected from repeated walking experiments in different conditions on a treadmill with simultaneous measurement of expired oxygen and carbon dioxide. Support vector regression, a powerful non-linear regression method, was used to process and model the data. This novel processing method sets this investigation apart from existing papers. Good results were achieved in the robust estimation of walking related energy expenditure from a number of variables derived from triaxial accelerometer and treadmill speed

Su, SW, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV & IEEE 1970, 'Heart rate control during treadmill exercise', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2471-2474.
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A computer-controlled treadmill and related data collection and processing systems have been developed for the control of heart rate during treadmill exercise. Minimizing deviations of heart rate from a preset profile is achieved by controlling the speed and/or the gradient of the treadmill. A simple and practical heart rate measurement algorithm has been developed to robustly measure the variations of heart rate. Both conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and fuzzy proportional-integral (PI) control approaches have been employed for the controller design. The fuzzy proportional-integral algorithm achieved better heart rate tracking performance. Finally, a heart rate based exercising protocol was successfully implemented on the newly designed exercise system

Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Jin, ZM & Fisher, J 1970, '(iv) The science of metal-on-metal articulation', Current Orthopaedics, Elsevier BV, pp. 280-287.
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Tran, T, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'A Cascade Sliding Mode-PID Controller for Non-overshoot Time Responses', Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, International Symposium on Intelligent Technologies in Tech'05, Faculty of Science and Technology, Assumption University, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 27-33.

Uppu, S, Hoang, DB & Hintz, T 1970, 'A novel exception handling scheme for out patient workflow in a wireless handheld hospital environment', ISWS '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Web Services and Applications, international symposium on web services and applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 169-175.

Valenzuela, SM, Berkahn, M, Martin, DK, Huynh, T, Yang, Z & Geczy, CL 1970, 'Elucidating the structure and function of S100 proteins in membranes', SPIE Proceedings, Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, SPIE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 3619-3619.
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100 proteins are important Ca2+-binding proteins involved in vital cellular functions including the modulation of cell growth, migration and differentiation, regulation of intracellular signal transduction/phosphorylation pathways, energy metabolism, cyt

Wang, L, Su, SW, Celler, BG, Ambikairajah, E & IEEE 1970, 'Analysis of orientation error of triaxial accelerometers on the assessment of energy expenditure', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3514-3517.
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This paper investigates the effects of orientation error in the positioning of triaxial accelerometers on the assessment of energy expenditure. Four subjects walked on a treadmill at varying velocities ranging from 4km.h-1 to 5km.h-1 . During each test, a triaxial accelerometer attached to the lower back at arbitrary orientations to record body accelerations. Energy expenditure was estimated by the sum of the integrals of the absolute value of accelerometer output from all the three measurement directions. Based on theoretical analysis and experimental observations, it is concluded that small orientation errors (<3deg) have no distinguishable effects on the estimation of energy expenditure. We propose an efficient method to compensate for larger orientation errors. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of this proposed compensation method

Wang, L, Su, SW, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV & IEEE 1970, 'Modeling of a gas concentration measurement system', 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 6695-6698.
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Energy expenditure can be calculated via measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Precise measurement of expired gas concentrations and volume is required for this determination. For a given gas concentration measurement system, the establishment of a model is a good way to effectively use the equipments and achieve more accurate energy expenditure calculations. This paper proposes a simple but effective approach for the modeling of a gas concentration measurement system.

Watterson, PA, Collocott, SJ, Dunlop, JB, Gwan, PB, Hunter, GP, Kalan, BA & Lovatt, HC 1970, 'High-torque brushless DC motor for a valve actuator', 2005 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Nanging, China, pp. 153-158.
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Wuhrer, R, Huggett, P, Moran, K, Phillips, MR & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'EBSD and XRM of Phases in Vacuum Cast Composite Alloys', Microscopy and Microanalysis, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 1678-1679.
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There have been a number f new processes developed that allow the joining of very dissimilar materials such as titanium alloys, wear resistant white irons, cast irons and ceramic materials to ferrous (mild steel) and non-ferrous (aluminium) alloys. These new processes have allowed the development of more complex composite shapes to be produced. However, with any new process development, an undertsnating of the mechanism of bonding is required. through the use of x-ray mapping (XRM), chemical phase imaging as well as electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analsysis, very useful information on the mass transport across the interface as well as phase segregation, texture variations and phase distribution within the bond interface can be obtained. results from this investigation on a number of bonded materials are presented and the importance of XRM and EBSD in providing a better understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved in metallurgical bonding/welding of dissimilar materials discussed.

Yousef, B, Doan Hoang & Rogers, G 1970, 'Autonomic Resource Management for Extensible Control Planes', Sixth IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, Sixth IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, IEEE, Taormina - Giardini Naxos, Italy, pp. 522-526.
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A dynamically extensible control plane is a key enabling feature of next generation intelligent self-configuring networks. This extensibility can be achieved by enabling service deployment into the control plane of a network. These services consume unpre

Yousef, B, Doan Hoang, Thamsakom, P, Hanh Le & Chan, J 1970, 'Network support for distributed web services', INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005., IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 797-801.
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Web servers rely on edge network devices to perform a number of operations that directly affect the experience of clients and Web services. Distributing Web services across geographic locations owned and configured by third parties is becoming increasingly popular in dealing with high demands. Under the current distributed model, a uniform configuration across all sites is difficult to maintain, resulting in different clients and service experience, which are dependent on the local set-up. In this paper, we propose a model and architecture that enable the owner of a Web service to maintain uniform configuration across all hosting sites. The model enables the administrator of a Web service to write a single configuration script that is then executed on all edge devices at all hosting sites. This is enabled by deploying a new edge device architecture called Serviter. Serviter enables safe sharing of devices through strict partitioning and hardware abstraction thereby facilitating interoperability among vendors.

Yousef, B, Hoang, DB, Rogers, G & Society, IEEEC 1970, 'Partitioning and differentiated resource allocation in programmable networks', 10TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, IFIP, Cartagena, Spain, pp. 840-845.
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Programmable network architectures facilitate dynamically updatable functionality to enable selective and trusted third parties on-demand service deployment. Resource and security management of such architectures on shared infrastructure have proven as challenging tasks. This is due to the extent of functionality provided to users and the heterogenous nature of service resource requirements and resource availability. In this paper we present a new programmable network platform that enables safe sharing by providing each trusted user (e.g., an Internet Service Provider) with a secure, separate, and resource assured partition, representing a ‘virtual router’, to accommodate their services. To allocate router internal resources among these partitions and among competing services within a partition, this paper uses a new scalable and adaptive mechanism called Control plane-Quality of Service (C-QoS).

Eager, DM Standards Australia 2005, Playground Equipment - Parts 1-6, pp. 1-127, Sydney, Australia.

Sivabalan, P 2005, 'Further evidence on the impact of various reasons-to-budget on budget importance and performance (Acct paper #73)'.