Publications

Ben‐Nissan, B & Choi, AH 2009, 'Nanoceramics for Medical Applications' in Geckeler, KE & Nishide, H (eds), Advanced Nanomaterials, Wiley, Germany, pp. 523-553.
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"Nanostructured materials" refer to certain materials which have delicate structures and sizes that fall within the range of 1 to lOOnm. As a consequence of this size, an extensive development of nanotechnology has taken place in the fields of materials science and engineering during the past decade. Yet, such developments have not come as a surprise, when it is appreciated that these nanostrucrured materials have the ability to be adapted and integrated into biomedical devices. This is possible because most biological systems, including viruses, membranes and protein complexes, exhibit natural nanostructures.

Franco, UA, Paul, JK, Daniel, RC, Dachuan, G & Simeon, JS 2009, 'Microarray Data Mining: Selecting Trustworthy Genes with Gene Feature Ranking' in Data Mining for Business Applications, Springer US, New York, USA, pp. 159-168.
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Gene expression datasets used in biomedical data mining frequently have two characteristics: they have many thousand attributes but only relatively few sample points and the measurements are noisy. In other words, individual expression measurements may be untrustworthy. Gene Feature Ranking (GFR) is a feature selection methodology that addresses these domain specific characteristics by selecting features (i.e. genes) based on two criteria: (i) how well the gene can discriminate between classes of patient and (ii) the trustworthiness of the microarray data associated with the gene. An example from the pediatric cancer domain demonstrates the use of GFR and compares its performance with a feature selection method that does not explicitly address the trustworthiness of the underlying data. © 2009 Springer US.

Froggatt, K & Parker, D 2009, 'Care homes and long-term care for people with dementia' in Supportive care for the person with dementia, Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 181-188.
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A significant proportion of people living with dementia will live and stay in long-term care settings. Consequently, care homes have an important role to play in the provision of supportive care for people with dementia. This chapter initially describes the care home context, as this shapes the experiences of living and dying for people with dementia residing in care homes. It draws on two recent studies, both considering the provision of palliative care for people who are living and dying in care homes: one from the UK (Froggatt) and one from Australia (Parker). From this empirical research it identifies two key challenges that face care homes as they support people with dementia living in such settings: how do we, on the one hand, create a culture of openness to people's experiences of living and dying alongside, on the other hand, maintaining people's identities? These both require attention in the care home setting if person-centred supportive care is to be provided throughout a person's life until their death.

JIN, ZM, WILLIAMS, S, TIPPER, J, INGHAM, E & FISHER, J 2009, 'TRIBOLOGY OF METAL-ON-METAL ARTIFICIAL HIP JOINTS' in Biomechanical Systems Technology, World Scientific Publishing Company, pp. 279-307.
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© 2009 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Natural hip joints are briefly introduced, followed by artificial hip replacements. The main problem of osteolysis and loosening of prosthetic components in current polyethylene hip joints is briefly discussed, and alternative bearings, such as metal-on-metal, are introduced. A brief account of the historical development of metal-on-metal hip joint replacements is presented. An overview is given to tribology and its scope, as well as associated techniques. Detailed discussion of results and important findings for metal-onmetal hip implants are presented for contact mechanics, friction, lubrication, and wear. The importance of integrated studies of friction, wear, and lubrication is demonstrated in order to understand the complex tribology mechanism in metal-on-metal hip implants. Concerns about the long-term potential adverse biological reactions due to metallic ions and debris are discussed, and the importance of coupled tribological-biological studies of metal-on-metal hip implants is emphasized. Finally, future developments of both tribological techniques and new hip joint implants are summarized.

L.Tipper, J, Richards, L, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2009, 'Characterization of UHMWPE Wear Particles' in UHMWPE Biomaterials Handbook, Elsevier, pp. 409-422.
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This chapter clearly shows that there are many published methods suitable for separating and characterizing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles from tissues and simulator lubricants. Initial attempts to characterize UHMWPE wear particles released into the periprosthetic tissues around failing implants used histological staining and polarized light microscopy to identify UHMWPE. Many of these methods successfully remove proteins and lipids from particles, preserve particle morphology, and yield similar particle size distributions. Clearly, advances in technology are continually being employed and the limitations of each method are now widely recognized. Particle characterization, in terms of size and volume distributions and particle contribution to the osteolytic potential of new and existing UHMWPE materials, is recognized by academic and industrial stakeholders as being an important step in the preclinical assessment of total joint replacements. However, there is no one standard method for isolation or characterization of UHMWPE particles that can be applied to both tissues and simulator lubricant samples, and this would clearly be advantageous. © 2009 Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lau, PWC, Wong, DP, Chaouachi, A, Coutts, A, Chamari, K & Luk, TC 2009, 'Advanced considerations in strength training: Stretching, concurrent training and monitoring of training load' in Strength Training: Types and Principles, Benefits and Concerns, pp. 149-169.
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This chapter aims to specify different forms of static and dynamic stretching routines, and its effects on the development of strength. Furthermore, it has been suggested that concurrent training (combining several training modes, e.g. strength and aerobic training, strength and plyometric training, strength and speed training) has superior effects as compared to single training mode alone. Therefore, the modes of concurrent training, its training effect, and some precautions when designing the programs to meet the specific demands of professional athletes, are also discussed. Finally, since it is important to monitor training load to optimize strength gain and enhance performance level, and prevent over-training, several monitoring methods that can be used to monitor training such as training volume, session-RPE (rate of perceived exertion), and heart rate response are examined. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Phillips, J & Davidson, PM 2009, 'Action Research as a Mixed Methods Design: a Palliative Approach in Residential Aged Care' in Mixed Methods Research for Nursing and the Health Sciences, Wiley, pp. 195-216.
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Sirotic, AC & Coutts, AJ 2009, 'The reliability of a repeated sprint test during simulated team-sport running on a non-motorised treadmill' in Reilly, T & Korkusuz, F (eds), Science in Football VI: The Proceedings of the Sixth World Congress on Science and Football, Routledge, UK, pp. 337-340.
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The physical demands of the various football codes have been reponed to be broadly similar (Reilly and Gilboume, 2003). Specifically, most football codes require players to generate brief maximal sprints (1-65), repeatedly interspersed with short recovery periods (<21 5). The capacity to repeat these brief maximal sprints in a short period of time has been termed repeated sprint ability (RSA) and is considered an imJX)rtanr performance characteristic (Spencer el al., 2006). For these reasons, researchers have examined the reliability of RSA measures using a 5 x 65 sprint test in a 'non-fatigued' state (Hughes et at, 2006; McCawley and Bishop, 2006). However, in a typical football match (i.e of various football codes), rcpeated sprint efforts arc often completed in a fatigued state. Therefore, while existing RSA tests may be a reliable way of assessing RSA in team sport participants, they may not reflect the physiological state of a participant when repeating sprint efforts during a match. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the ecological reliability of a 5 x 6s RSA test when completed under fatigue on a non-motori.sed treadmill (NMT).

Abbey, J, Mccrow, J, Whiting, E, Pandy, S, Parker, D & Sacre, S 2009, 'Understanding the barriers to recognition and management of delirium in the acute post‐surgical setting', Alzheimer's & Dementia, vol. 5, no. 5.
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Ammit, A, Halayko, AJ, Hirst, SJ, Murphy, T & Stewart, A 2009, 'Airways smooth muscle: The next generation', Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 351-352.
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Ammit, AJ, Burgess, JK, Hirst, SJ, Hughes, JM, Kaur, M, Lau, JY & Zuyderduyn, S 2009, 'The effect of asthma therapeutics on signalling and transcriptional regulation of airway smooth muscle function', Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 446-454.
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Baxter, RM, Steinbeck, MJ, Tipper, JL, Parvizi, J, Marcolongo, M & Kurtz, SM 2009, 'Comparison of periprosthetic tissue digestion methods for ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris extraction', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 91B, no. 1, pp. 409-418.
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AbstractThere is considerable interest in characterization of wear debris from polyethylene (UHMWPE) bearing components used in total joint replacement. To isolate UHMWPE wear debris, tissue samples must be excised from regions adjacent to revised UHMWPE implant components, followed by exposure to one of many available tissue digestion methods. Numerous studies demonstrate successful digestion, but the relative efficiency of each method is not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a variety of conditions for tissue digestion to provide a quantitative comparison of methods. Porcine and human hip tissues were exposed for 24 h to basic, acidic or enzymatic agents, filtered and digestion efficiency calculated based on the percentage of initial to final tissue weight. Of the conditions tested, 5 M NaOH, 5 M KOH, 15 M KOH or 15.8 M HNO3 yielded the most complete porcine hip tissue digestion (<1% residual tissue weight; p < 0.05). Proteinase K and Liberase Blendzyme 3 did not effectively digest tissue in a 24 h period. Similar to results from the porcine dataset, human tissues digestion was most efficient using 5 M NaOH, 5 M KOH or 15.8 M HNO3 (<1% residual tissue weight; p < 0.05). To verify that particle surface modifications did not occur after prolonged reagent exposure, GUR415 and Ceridust 3715 particles were immersed in each solution for 24 h. Overall, this study provides a framework for thorough and efficient digestive methods for UHMWPE wear debris extraction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009

Black, JL, Oliver, BGG & Roth, M 2009, 'Molecular Mechanisms of Combination Therapy With Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting β-Agonists', Chest, vol. 136, no. 4, pp. 1095-1100.
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The treatment of asthma relies on the use of the following two major drug classes: β2-agonists, both short acting and long acting; and corticosteroids (CSs). Although the properties of each drug class are well described, their use in combination delivered either separately or through one device has provided some clear and important clinical advantages. The mechanisms underlying these interactions have emerged as novel and provocative. β2-Agonists can stimulate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and promote its translocation to the nucleus, resulting in increased CS-mediated gene transcription. In structural airway cells, such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle, this gene transcription is associated with the formation of a complex between the GR and another transcription factor, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α. Airway smooth muscle cells from persons with asthma are deficient in C/EBP-α, which may explain the finding that CSs do not inhibit the proliferation of these cells in vitro. Whether this deficiency can explain the increased bulk of muscle in the asthmatic airway remains to be established. β2-Agonists can inhibit mast cell mediator release, but this response is susceptible to desensitization, a process that CSs can inhibit. CSs also can increase the transcription of the β2- receptor gene in the lung and the nasal mucosa. These effects of CSs mitigate against the reduced transcription of β2-receptors, which occurs as a consequence of long-term β2-agonist administration. Delineation of the exact mechanisms underlying these effects will ensure rational, direct therapy. © 2009 American College of Chest Physicians.

Bliuc, D 2009, 'Mortality Risk Associated With Low-Trauma Osteoporotic Fracture and Subsequent Fracture in Men and Women', JAMA, vol. 301, no. 5, pp. 513-513.
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Context There are few data on long-term mortality following osteoporotic fracture and fewer following subsequent fracture. Objectives To examine long-term mortality risk in women and men following all os-teoporotic fractures and to assess the association of subsequent fracture with that risk. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study of community-dwelling women and men aged 60 years and older from Dubbo, Australia, who sustained a fracture between April 1989 and May 2007. Main Outcome Measures Age- and sex-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared with the overall Dubbo population for hip, vertebral, major, and minor fractures. Results In women, there were 952 low-trauma fractures followed by 461 deaths, and in men, 343 fractures were followed by 197 deaths. Age-adjusted SMRs were increased following hip fractures (SMRs, 2.43 [95% confidence interval [CI], 2.022.93] and 3.51 [95% CI, 2.65-4.66]), vertebral fractures (SMRs, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.522.17] and 2.12 [95% CI, 1.66-2.72]), major fractures (SMRs, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.312.08] and 1.70 [95% CI, 1.23-2.36]), and minor fractures (SMRs, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.19-1.70] and 1.33 [95% CI, 0.99-1.80]) for both women and men, respectively. Mortality was increased for all ages for all fractures except minor fractures for which increased mortality was only apparent for those older than 75 years. Increased mortality risk persisted for 5 years for all fractures and up to 10 years for hip fractures. Increases in absolute mortality that were above expected, for 5 years after fracture, ranged from 1.3 to 13.2 per 100 person-years in women and from 2.7 to 22.3 per 100 person-years in men, depending on fracture type. Subsequent fracture was associated with an increased mortality hazard ratio of 1.91 (95% CI, 1.54-2.37) in women and 2.99 (95% CI, 2.11-4.24) in men. Mortality risk following a subsequent fracture then declined but beyond 5 years still remained hig...

Bridge, P, Pocock, NA, Nguyen, T, Munns, C, Cowell, CT & Thompson, MW 2009, 'Prediction of Appendicular Skeletal and Fat Mass in Children: Excellent Concordance of Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging', Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 795-804.
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Burgess, JK, Ceresa, C, Johnson, SR, Kanabar, V, Moir, LM, Nguyen, TTB, Oliver, BGG, Schuliga, M & Ward, J 2009, 'Tissue and matrix influences on airway smooth muscle function', Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 379-387.
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Asthma is characterized by structural changes in the airways - airway remodelling. These changes include an increase in the bulk of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) and alterations in the profile of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the airway wall. The mechanisms leading to airway remodelling are not well understood. ASM cells have the potential to play a key role in these processes through the production and release of ECM proteins. The ASM cells and ECM proteins are each able to influence the behaviour and characteristics of the other. The modified ECM profile in the asthmatic airway may contribute to the altered behaviour of the ASM cells, such responses to ECM proteins are modulated through the cell surface expression of integrin receptors. ASM cells from asthmatic individuals express different levels of some integrin subunits compared to nonasthmatic ASM cells, which have the potential to further influence their responses to the ECM proteins in the airways. ECM homeostasis requires the presence and activation of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, which in turn modulate the interaction of the ASM cells and the ECM proteins. Furthermore, the complex interactions of the ASM cells and the ECM in the asthmatic airways and the role played by external stimuli, such as viral infections, to modulate airway remodelling are currently unknown. This review summarises our current understanding of the influence of the ECM on ASM function. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Carney, FP, Morris, CA, Milthorpe, B, Flanagan, JL & Willcox, MDP 2009, 'In Vitro Adsorption of Tear Proteins to Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-Based Contact Lens Materials', Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 320-328.
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Investigations of polymer interactions in single protein solutions is a necessary step in the elucidation of in vivo early binding events during protein deposition on hydroxyethyl methacrylate-based contact lens materials. Quantity and tenacity of binding of significant tear components to groups I and IV contact lenses was assessed. Competitive binding by these components was also examined. METHODS: Adsorption on FDA groups I and IV hydrogel lenses was monitored using I-labeled protein. Lenses were incubated in increasing concentrations of radiolabeled single species proteins in solution. For competition experiments, concentration of each radiolabeled protein was held constant and the adsorption/sorption challenged with increasing concentrations of nonlabeled proteins. Lenses were soaked in phosphate-buffered saline to determine desorption. RESULTS: Group IV lenses bound large amounts of lysozyme, whereas group I lenses bound highest amounts of albumin. Albumin binding to both lens types was relatively strong and could not be competed from binding by other proteins lysozyme, lactoferrin, and mucin. Mucin at high concentrations tended to positively cooperate with the binding of lactoferrin and albumin to all lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Binding of proteins to hydroxyethyl methacrylate-based hydrogel lens surfaces is affected by charge and polymer components, and perhaps manufacturing processes. Albumin binds strongly to lens surfaces, and this may play an adverse role during contact lens wear.

Chan, KY, Chan, KW, Pong, GTY, Aydin, ME, Fogarty, TC & Ling, SH 2009, 'A statistics-based genetic algorithm for quality improvements of power supplies', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 468-492.
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This paper presents a new statistics-based evolutionary algorithm to improve the qualities of power supplies, in which operational costs and the stability of the power supply are optimised to provide a highly smooth but low-cost power supply service to customers. The proposed method is incorporated with the characteristics of the stochastic method, evolutionary algorithm and a more systematical statistical method, orthogonal design. It intends to compensate for the built-in randomness of the stochastic method and, at the same time, overcome the limitations of local search methods that are not suitable for handling multi-optima problems. Case studies on the WSCC 9-bus and New England 39-bus systems indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing method in terms of robustness in solution and convergence speed while the solution quality that can offer a more stable and cheaper power supply to customers is achieved. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers.

Chaouachi, A, Coutts, AJ, Chamari, K, Wong, DP, Chaouachi, M, Chtara, M, Roky, R & Amri, M 2009, 'EFFECT OF RAMADAN INTERMITTENT FASTING ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE AND PERCEPTION OF FATIGUE IN MALE ELITE JUDO ATHLETES', JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 2702-2709.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the Ramadan intermittent fast (RIF) on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in elite judo athletes (Judokas) maintaining their usual training loads. Physical performance tests (squat jump [SJ]), countermovement jump [CMJ], 30-second repeated jump, 30-m sprint, and the multistage fitness test) and fatigue scores were measured in 15 elite Judokas on 4 occasions: before Ramadan (T1), at the beginning of Ramadan (T2), at the end of Ramadan (T3) and 3 weeks after Ramadan. Results showed that 30-m sprint performance, multistage shuttle run test, SJ, and CMJ did not change during Ramadan. However, average power during the 30-second repeated jump test was slightly lower at the end of Ramadan (22.4 +/- 2.3 W/kg; P < 0.05) than before Ramadan (23.4 +/- 2.3 W/kg). There was a minor reduction of 1.3 kg in body mass and an increase in total fatigue scores (T2, 19 +/- 5; T3, 16 +/- 4; both P < 0.05) during Ramadan in comparison with the control period (T1, 12 +/- 3). These results show that the RIF has little effect on aerobic performance and on very short duration sprinting and jumping test performance in elite Judokas. Additionally, experienced athletes can maintain both sufficient energy intake and normal training loads during the RIF. The slight reduction in the 30-second jump test may be associated with reduced central drive and body mass. Collectively, these results suggest that the RIF has little effect on the performance of experienced Judokas, but Muslim athletes who train during the RIF should carefully periodize their training load and monitor their food intake and fatigue levels to avoid performance decrements.

Chaouachi, A, Coutts, AJ, Wong, DP, Roky, R, Mbazaa, A, Amri, M & Chamari, K 2009, 'Haematological, inflammatory, and immunological responses in elite judo athletes maintaining high training loads during Ramadan', APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM-PHYSIOLOGIE APPLIQUEE NUTRITION ET METABOLISME, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 907-915.
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During Ramadan, Muslims abstain from food and fluid intake from dawn to sunset for 1 month. These behavioural changes that accompany Ramadan may impact upon Muslim athletes who continue to train intensely. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the haematological, inflammatory, and immunological measures in elite judo athletes maintaining their usual high training loads. Haematological markers of inflammation, hormones, and immune status were studied in 15 elite male judo athletes before, during, and after Ramadan. The RIF produced small but significant changes in inflammatory, hormonal, and immunological profiles in judo athletes. Serum C-reactive protein increased from 2.93 ± 0.26 mg·L^-1 pre-Ramadan to 4.60 ± 0.51 mg·L^-1 at the end of Ramadan. Haptoglobin and antitrypsin also significantly increased at different phases during Ramadan, whereas homocysteine and prealbumin remained relatively unchanged. Albumin decreased slightly by mid-Ramadan, then recovered. Immunoglobulin Aincreased from 1.87 ± 0.56 g·L^-1 before Ramadan to 2.49 ± 0.75 g·L^-1 at the end, and remained high 3 weeks after. There were no changes in the leucocyte cell counts throughout the study. The mean blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine increased significantly during RIF. Most of these changes were within the normal ranges. These results suggest that athletes who continue to train intensely during Ramadan are liable to experience a myriad of small fluctuations in hormones, immunoglobulins, antioxidants, and inflammatory responses.

Chaouachi, A, Leiper, JB, Souissi, N, Coutts, AJ & Chamari, K 2009, 'Effects of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Sports Performance and Training: A Review', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 419-434.
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The month-long diurnal Ramadan fast imposes a major challenge to Islamic athletes. Sporting events are programmed throughout the year, with the result that training and competition are often scheduled during Ramadan. The small numbers of well-controlled studies that have examined the effects of Ramadan on athletic performance suggest that few aspects of physical fitness are negatively affected, and only modest decrements are observed. Whereas subjective feelings of fatigue and other mood indicators are often cited as implying additional stress on the athlete throughout Ramadan, most studies show these measures may not be reflected in decreases in performance. The development and early implementation of sensible eating and sleeping strategies can greatly alleviate the disruptions to training and competitiveness, thus allowing the athlete to perform at a high level while undertaking the religious intermittent fast. Nevertheless, further research is required to understand the mechanisms and energy pathways that allow athletes to maintain their performance capacities during Ramadan, and which factors are responsible for the observed decrements in performance of some individuals. © Human Kinetics, Inc.

Chen, H & Morris, MJ 2009, 'Differential Responses of Orexigenic Neuropeptides to Fasting in Offspring of Obese Mothers', Obesity, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1356-1362.
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Maternal obesity due to long‐term high‐fat diet (HFD) consumption leads to faster growth in offspring during suckling, and increased adiposity at 20 days of age. Decreased expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and increased anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression were observed in the fed state. However, hunger is the major drive to eat and hypothalamic appetite regulators change in response to meals. Therefore, it is important to compare both satiated and fasting states. Female Sprague–Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were fed a cafeteria‐style HFD (15.33 kJ/g) or chow for 5 weeks before mating, with the same diet continuing throughout gestation and lactation. At postnatal day 20, male pups were killed either after overnight fasting or in the fed state. Pups from obese dams were hyperphagic during both pre‐ and postweaning periods. Pups from obese dams had higher hypothalamic mRNA expression of POMC and NPY Y1 receptor, but lower hypothalamic melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) and its downstream target single‐minded gene 1 (Sim1), in the fed state. Overnight fasting reduced circulating glucose, insulin, and leptin and increased hypothalamic NPY Y1 receptor mRNA in pups from both lean and obese dams. Hypothalamic NPY and agouti‐related protein (AgRP) were only increased by fasting in pups from obese dams; reductions in MC4R and Sim1 were only seen in pups from lean dams. At weaning, the suppressed orexigenic signals in offspring from obese dams were normalized after overnight fasting, although anorexigenic signaling appeared impaired in these animals. This may contribute to their hyperphagia and faster growth.

Chen, H, Simar, D & Morris, MJ 2009, 'Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Circuitry is Programmed by Maternal Obesity: Interaction with Postnatal Nutritional Environment', PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. e6259-e6259.
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Objective: Early life nutrition is critical for the development of hypothalamic neurons involved in energy homeostasis. We previously showed that intrauterine and early postnatal overnutrition programmed hypothalamic neurons expressing the appetite stimulator neuropeptide Y (NPY) and suppressor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in offspring at weaning. However, the long-term effects of such programming and its interactions with post-weaning high-fat-diet (HFD) consumption are unclear. Research Design and Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to chow or HFD for 5 weeks before mating, throughout gestation and lactation. On postnatal day 1, litters were adjusted to 3/litter to induce postnatal overnutrition (vs. 12 in control). At postnatal day 20, half of the rats from each maternal group were weaned onto chow or HFD for 15 weeks. Hypothalamic appetite regulators, and fuel (glucose and lipid) metabolic markers were measured. Results: Offspring from obese dams gained more weight than those from lean dams independent of post-weaning diet. Maternal obesity interacted with post-weaning HFD consumption to cause greater levels of hyperphagia, adiposity, hyperlipidemia, and glucose intolerance in offspring. This was linked to increased hypothalamic NPY signaling and leptin resistance in adult offspring. Litter size reduction had a detrimental impact on insulin and adiponectin, while hypothalamic NPY and POMC mRNA expression were suppressed in the face of normal energy intake and weight gain. Conclusions: Maternal obesity, postnatal litter size reduction and post-weaning HFD consumption caused obesity via different neuroendocrine mechanims. There were strong additive effects of maternal obesity and post-weaning HFD consumption to increase the metabolic disorders in offspring. © 2009 Chen et al.

Chen, W, Li, J & Lu, P 2009, 'Progress of photonic crystal fibers and their applications', Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 50-57.
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Cheng, TM, Savkin, AV, Celler, BG, Su, SW & Wang, N 2009, 'Universal algorithm for exercise rate estimation in walking, cycling and rowing using triaxial accelerometry', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 394-U19.
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A technique that can reliably monitor exercise intensity plays an important role for the effectiveness and safety of an exercise prescription. A universal algorithm for the recursive estimation of exercise rate during a variety of aerobic exercises using measurements from a body-mounted triaxial accelerometer (TA) is proposed. Information about the type of exercise is not required by the algorithm and the TA can be mounted at the same location regardless of the exercise type. The algorithm involves period detection and data fusion. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is effective for common aerobic exercises.

Chou, J, Shimmon, R & Ben-Nissan, B 2009, 'Bisphosphonate determination using H-1-NMR spectroscopy for biomedical applications', JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 92-96.
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Bisphosphonate is known to be a very active drug in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone regeneration. A new method has been developed, utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and measure the amount of bisphosphonate in solution. A standard reference with similar functional group to that of the bisphosphonate was chosen and applied in the experimentation. The results showed that the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-NMR) in determining the solvent residues of various pharmaceutical drugs has proved to be effective. Unlike chromatography, it is possible to use a universal reference standard as an internal standard assayed by quantitative NMR. Using the same theory, this method is capable of both identifying and quantifying the bisphosphonate in various solutions. This paper is the first publication showing this unique measurement method, which can be used in a range of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cole, C, Sobala, A, Lu, C, Thatcher, SR, Bowman, A, Brown, JWS, Green, PJ, Barton, GJ & Hutvagner, G 2009, 'Filtering of deep sequencing data reveals the existence of abundant Dicer-dependent small RNAs derived from tRNAs', RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 2147-2160.
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Deep sequencing technologies such as Illumina, SOLiD, and 454 platforms have become very powerful tools in discovering and quantifying small RNAs in diverse organisms. Sequencing small RNA fractions always identifies RNAs derived from abundant RNA species such as rRNAs, tRNAs, snRNA, and snoRNA, and they are widely considered to be random degradation products. We carried out bioinformatic analysis of deep sequenced HeLa RNA and after quality filtering, identified highly abundant small RNA fragments, derived from mature tRNAs that are likely produced by specific processing rather than from random degradation. Moreover, we showed that the processing of small RNAs derived from tRNA Gln is dependent on Dicer in vivo and that Dicer cleaves the tRNA in vitro. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Copyright © 2009 RNA Society.

Coutts, AJ, Rampinini, E, Marcora, SM, Castagna, C & Impellizzeri, FM 2009, 'Heart rate and blood lactate correlates of perceived exertion during small-sided soccer games', JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 79-84.
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The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) could be a practical measure of global exercise intensity in team sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between heart rate (%HRpeak) and blood lactate ([BLa-]) measures of exercise intensity with each player's RPE during soccer-specific aerobic exercises. Mean individual %HRPeak, [BLa-] and RPE (Borg's CR 10-scale) were recorded from 20 amateur soccer players from 67 soccer-specific small-sided games training sessions over an entire competitive season. The small-sided games were performed in three 4 min bouts separated with 3 min recovery on various sized pitches and involved 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-players on each side. A stepwise Linear multiple regression was used to determine a predictive equation to estimate global RPE for small-sided games from [BLa-] and %HRpeak. Partial correlation coefficients were also calculated to assess the relationship between RPE, [BLa-] and %HRpeak. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that 43.1% of the adjusted variance in RPE could be explained by HR atone. The addition of [BLa-] data to the prediction equation allowed for 57.8% of the adjusted variance in RPE to be predicted (Y= -9.49 - 0.152 %HRpeak + 1.82 [BLa-], p<0.001). These results show that the combination of [BLa-] and %HRpeak measures during small-sided games is better related to RPE than either %HRpeak or [BLa-] measures atone. These results provide further support the use of RPE as a measure of global exercise intensity in soccer.

Daniel, R, Sanchez, JJ, Nassif, NT, Hernandez, A & Walsh, SJ 2009, 'Partial forensic validation of a 16plex SNP assay for the inference of biogeographical ancestry', Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 477-478.
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A partial forensic validation study demonstrated the suitability of an ancestry informative 16 locus SNP assay to forensic casework. Crown Copyright © 2009.

Darcy, S & Dickson, TJ 2009, 'A Whole-of-Life Approach to Tourism: The Case for Accessible Tourism Experiences', Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 32-44.
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This article examines the concept of a whole-of-life approach to tourism through presenting the case for 'accessible tourism'. The importance of this approach is that it has been estimated that 30% of a population will have access requirements at any point in time, and most people will have a disability at some stage during their life. This article presents the case for proactively developing a strategic accessible tourism approach by presenting a brief background to the area. First, the article outlines the relationship between access, disability, ageing and tourism. Second, it reviews the development of easy access markets and accessible tourism, and places these in context to universal design. Third, the article overviews pertinent legislation that shapes the accessible tourism environment in Australia. Fourth, accessible environments are placed within context to destination management and accessible destination experiences. The article concludes by presenting four contemporary Australian examples of accessible destination experiences within broader destination management approaches.

Darcy, S & Taylor, T 2009, 'Disability citizenship: an Australian human rights analysis of the cultural industries', Leisure Studies, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 419-441.
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Research on disability and cultural life (the arts, leisure, recreation, sport and tourism) in the Australian context has largely been captured by medical approaches to disability. In contrast, this paper takes direction from social approaches to disability that place the experience of people with disabilities (PwD) at the centre of the research paradigm by examining this population's human rights' experiences. The paper is framed by reviewing the United Nations' disability initiatives including the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities. The research then analyses the implementation and operation of Australia's Disability Discrimination Act, 1992 in respect to the cultural life of PwD. The research design uses a mixed method interpretive approach drawing on the management information systems of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission and the Federal Court. The analysis of 420 complaint cases and 80 Federal court actions show a relationship between the types of discrimination experienced in cultural life and gender, disability type and industry sector. The recurring themes of discrimination demonstrate an ongoing struggle by PwD to assert their rights of citizenship. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.

Darcy, S & Wearing, S 2009, 'Public–private partnerships and contested cultural heritage tourism in national parks: a case study of the stakeholder views of the North Head Quarantine Station (Sydney, Australia)', Journal of Heritage Tourism, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 181-199.
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This paper examines the public perceptions of stakeholders towards a proposed cultural heritage public–private partnership (PPP) within a national park in Sydney, Australia. Governments in Australia are initiating PPPs for the purposes of designing, planning, constructing and operating projects that would traditionally be regarded as ‘public goods’. The North Head Quarantine Station (Sydney, Australia) was one of the first proposed PPPs in national parks that moved beyond the licensing of private sector operations within park boundaries. The Quarantine Station is used as a case study to offer insights into the PPP process because of its place in the cultural heritage of Australia, its prime a facie tourism position within Sydney Harbour and its prolonged history of development. The case study provides a mechanism for examining public opinion on cultural heritage tourism issues in national parks through understanding stakeholder perspectives presented in newspaper media accounts. The accounts are analysed on political and environmental considerations with implications drawn for future developments. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Duffield, R, Coutts, AJ & Quinn, J 2009, 'CORE TEMPERATURE RESPONSES AND MATCH RUNNING PERFORMANCE DURING INTERMITTENT-SPRINT EXERCISE COMPETITION IN WARM CONDITIONS', JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1238-1244.
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This study investigated the thermoregulatory responses and match running performance of elite team sport competitors (Australian Rules football) during preseason games in a warm environment. During 2 games in dry bulb temperatures above 29°C (>27°C wet bulb globe temperature), 10 players were monitored for core temperature (T^sub core^) via a telemetric capsule, in-game motion patterns, blood lactate ([La^sup -^]), body mass changes, urine specific gravity, and pre- and postgame vertical jump performance. The results showed that peak T^sub core^ was achieved during the final quarter at 39.3 ± 0.7°C and that several players reached values near 40.0°C. Further, the largest proportion of the total rise in T^sub core^ (2.1 ± 0.7°C) occurred during the first quarter of the match, with only small increases during the remainder of the game. The game distance covered was 9.4 ± 1.5 km, of which 2.7 ± 0.9 km was at high-intensity speeds (>14.4 km-h^sup -1^). The rise in T^sub core^ was correlated with first-quarter high-intensity running velocity (r = 0.72) and moderate-intensity velocity (r = 0.68), second-quarter T^sub core^ and low-intensity activity velocity (r = -0.90), second-quarter T^sub core^ and moderate-intensity velocity (r = 0.88), fourth-quarter rise in T^sub core^ and very-high-intensity running distance (r = 0.70), and fourth-quarter T^sub core^ and moderate-intensity velocity (r = 0.73). Additional results included mean game [La^sup -^] values of 8.7 ± 0.1 mmol*L^sup -1^, change in body mass of 2.1 ± 0.8 kg, and no change (p > 0.05) in pre- to postgame vertical jump. These findings indicate that the plateau in T^sub core^ may be regulated by the reduction in lowintensity activity and that pacing strategies may be employed during competitive team sports in the heat to ensure control of the internal heat load.

Dunlop, RA, Brunk, UT & Rodgers, KJ 2009, 'Oxidized Proteins: Mechanisms of Removal and Consequences of Accumulation', IUBMB LIFE, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 522-527.
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Elevated levels of oxidized proteins are reported in diseased tissue from age-related pathologies such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and cataract. Unlike the precise mechanisms that exist For the repair of nucleic acids, lipids, and ca

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, A, Lawrence, E, Raban, R & Leijdekkers, P 2009, 'Advancing the m-learning research agenda for active, experiential learning: Four case studies', AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 250-267.
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This article reports on an m-learning research agenda instituted at our university in order to explore how mobile technology can enhance active, experiential learning. Details of the implementation and results of four areas of m-learning are presented: mobile supported fieldwork, fostering interactivity in large lectures with mobile technology, using mobile devices to learn about mobile technology and, finally, podcasting. These directions are informed by a concern for achieving m-learning practices consistent with sound educational theory and the needs of the contemporary, technologically aware student body. All four implementations have been successfully embedded in mainstream subjects on a continuing basis. Therefore they represent a departure from the project based approach of much m-learning reported in the literature. This outcome was achieved through a focus on the economic sustainability and feasibility of each case. An evaluation focusing on how well each case assisted students' learning found that, with the exception of lecture podcasting, all supported high quality experiential learning.

Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Timing of Repeat BMD Measurements: Development of an Absolute Risk-Based Prognostic Model', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1800-1807.
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Abstract This study attempted to address the following questions: for an individual who is at present nonosteoporotic, given their current age and BMD level, what is the individual's risk of fracture and when is the ideal time to repeat a BMD measurement? Nonosteoporotic women (n = 1008) and men (n = 750) over the age of 60 in 1989 from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study were monitored until one of the following outcomes occurred: (1) BMD reached “osteoporosis” level (i.e., T-scores ≤ −2.5) or (2) an incident fragility fracture. During the follow-up period (average, 7 yr), 346 women (34%) and 160 men (21%) developed osteoporosis or sustained a low-trauma fracture. The risk of osteoporosis or fracture increased with advancing age (women: RR/10 yr, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.6; men: RR/10 yr, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7–2.9) and lower BMD levels (women: RR per −0.12 g/cm2, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.6–4.1; RR per −0.12 g/cm2, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0–3.3). Using the predicted risk (of osteoporosis or fracture) of 10% as a cut-off level for repeating BMD measurement, the estimated time to reach the cut-off level varied from 1.5 (for an 80-yr-old woman with a T-score of −2.2) to 10.6 yr (for a 60-yr-old man with a T-score of 0). These results suggest that, based on an individual's current age and BMD T-score, it is possible to estimate the optimal time to repeat BMD testing for the individual. The prognostic model and approach presented in this study may help improve the individualization and management of osteoporosis.

Fukuyama, S, Nakano, T, Matsumoto, T, Oliver, BGG, Burgess, JK, Moriwaki, A, Tanaka, K, Kubo, M, Hoshino, T, Tanaka, H, McKenzie, ANJ, Matsumoto, K, Aizawa, H, Nakanishi, Y, Yoshimura, A, Black, JL & Inoue, H 2009, 'Pulmonary Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 Induced by IL-13 Regulates Allergic Asthma Phenotype', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 179, no. 11, pp. 992-998.
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Rationale: Th2 cytokines play an important role in allergic diseases. These cytokines activate signal transduction pathways, including Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. Although the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family protein, a negative regulator of the Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway, contributes to helper T cell differentiation during immune responses, the role of SOCS proteins within the structural cells of a target organ has not been clarified in allergy. Objectives: To study the local function of SOCS in the development of asthma. Methods: We used mouse models of IL-13- and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease. Airway smooth muscle cells were cultured from patients with asthma. Measurements and Main Results: The administration of IL-13 induced not only airway responses but also SOCS1 expression at the local inflammatory site. The up-regulated SOCS1 markedly suppressed IL-13-dependent STAT6 activation and eotaxin expression and subsequently down-regulated IL-13-induced airway inflammatory responses. The inactivation of SOCS1 induced airway hyperresponsiveness after IL-13 treatment even in hyporesponsive C57BL/6 background mice. In an OVA-induced model of allergic airway disease, allergen exposure up-regulated local SOCS1 expression, and the induction of SOCS1 in the airways attenuated allergen-induced airway responses. Inactivation of IL-13 inhibited SOCS1 induction in a model of allergic airway disease. Interestingly, airway smooth muscle cells from individuals with asthma had impaired upregulation of SOCS1 after IL-13 stimulation. Conclusions: SOCS1 induction by IL-13 in airway structural cells is critical to negatively control allergic airway disease.

Gabrys, B & Anguita, D 2009, 'Nature-inspired learning and adaptive systems', Natural Computing, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 197-198.
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George, AM, Jones, PM & Middleton, PG 2009, 'Cystic fibrosis infections: treatment strategies and prospects', FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 300, no. 2, pp. 153-164.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia are the two major Gram-negative rods that colonize/infect the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). These organisms may cause progressive respiratory failure, although occasionally more rapid infections result in the 'Cepacia' syndrome. Many antibiotics have been used against Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, but once chronic colonization has been established, eradication of these organisms is rare. Drug therapy for CF patients is compromised by a number of bacterial factors that render the infectious agents resistant to antibiotics, including efflux pumps that remove antibiotics, lack of penetration of antibiotics into bacterial biofilms, and changes in the cell envelope that reduce the permeability of antibiotics. Any combination of these mechanisms increases the likelihood of bacterial survival. Therefore, combinations of antibiotics or of antibiotic and nonantibiotic compounds are currently being tested against Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. However, progress has been slow, with only occasional combinations showing promise for the eradication of persistent Gram-negative rods in the airways of CF patients. This review will summarize the current knowledge of CF infections and speculate on potential future pathways to treat these chronic infections.

Gorrie, CA, Waite, ME & Rogers, LJ 2009, 'Correlations Between Hand Preference and Cortical Thickness in the Secondary Somatosensory (SII) Cortex of the Common Marmoset, Callithrix jacchus (vol 122, pg 1343, 2008)', BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 468-III.

Hasbi, A, Fan, T, Alijaniaram, M, Nguyen, T, Perreault, ML, O'Dowd, BF & George, SR 2009, 'Calcium signaling cascade links dopamine D1–D2 receptor heteromer to striatal BDNF production and neuronal growth', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 106, no. 50, pp. 21377-21382.
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Although the perturbation of either the dopaminergic system or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels has been linked to important neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, there is no known signaling pathway linking these two major players. We found that the exclusive stimulation of the dopamine D1–D2 receptor heteromer, which we identified in striatal neurons and adult rat brain by using confocal FRET, led to the activation of a signaling cascade that links dopamine signaling to BDNF production and neuronal growth through a cascade of four steps: ( i ) mobilization of intracellular calcium through Gq, phospholipase C, and inositol trisphosphate, ( ii ) rapid activation of cytosolic and nuclear calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα, ( iii ) increased BDNF expression, and ( iv ) accelerated morphological maturation and differentiation of striatal neurons, marked by increased microtubule-associated protein 2 production. These effects, although robust in striatal neurons from D5 −/− mice, were absent in neurons from D1 −/− mice. We also demonstrated that this signaling cascade was activated in adult rat brain, although with regional specificity, being largely limited to the nucleus accumbens. This dopaminergic pathway regulating neuronal growth and maturation through BDNF may have considerable significance in disorders such as drug addiction, schizophrenia, and depression.

Henwood, T, Eley, R, Parker, D, Tuckett, A & Hegney, D 2009, 'Regional differences among employed nurses: A Queensland study', Australian Journal of Rural Health, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 201-207.
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AbstractObjective:  To ascertain differences in the working lives of geographically dispersed nurses. Design:  Cross‐sectional. Setting:  Registered, enrolled and assistants‐in‐nursing members of the Queensland Nurses' Union employed in nursing in Queensland, Australia. Participants:  A total of 3000 members of the Union, equally stratified by sector (public, private, aged care). Among them, 1192 responded and 1039 supplied postcodes matching the Australian Standard Geographical Classification. Main outcome measures:  Statistically significant differences in working lives of nurses employed in different geographical locations. Results:  Nurses in outer regional/remote/very remote localities are more likely to be employed as permanent full‐time staff and self‐report higher levels of work stress. These levels could be explained by: lack of replacement staff for leave, longer working and on call hours and lack of support for new staff. Distance remains a major barrier to accessing continuing professional education. However, outer regional/remote/very remote nurses were more likely to be provided employer support for professional education. Inner regional nurses were more likely to work part time, would work more hours if offered and were more likely to have taken a break from nursing as a result of family commitments. Conclusion:  The data confirm that current policies are not addressing the differences in the working lives of geographically dispersed nurses. Policies addressing orientat...

Hill-Haas, SV, Coutts, AJ, Rowsell, GJ & Dawson, BT 2009, 'Generic Versus Small-sided Game Training in Soccer', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 636-642.
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The aim of this study was to compare 7 weeks of soccer-specific small-sided game (SSG) and mixed generic fitness training, on selected physiological, perceptual and performance variables. Twenty-five elite youth players were randomly allocated to either a SSG (coach selected) or generic training group (GTG), in a randomised, parallel matched-group design. In addition to normal training, each group completed two fitness training sessions per week of equal duration. Players completed a (V)over dotO(2max) treadmill test, Multistage Fitness Test (MSFT), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRTL1), 12x20 m test of repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and 20-m sprint test pre and post training. Training heart rate, perceived training intensity and perceptual fatigue measures were recorded throughout the training period. There were no differences in training heart rate or perceptual well-being measures. However, the GTG did perceive their training to be more intense than SSG. There were no changes in either group for (V)over dotO(2max), MSFT, RSA or sprint performance. However, there were improvements in YYIRTL1 performance for both groups over time, but not between groups. The results show that both types of training are equally effective at improving pre-season YYIRTL1 performance, despite GTG being perceived to be more intense.

Hill-Haas, SV, Dawson, BT, Coutts, AJ & Rowsell, GJ 2009, 'Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of various small-sided soccer games in youth players', JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-8.
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The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics associated with three different small-sided soccer game formats in youth players. Sixteen male soccer players aged 16.3 ± 0.6 years (mean ± s) completed three variations of a small-sided game (i.e. 2 vs. 2, 4 vs. 4, and 6 vs. 6 players) in which heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration, and time-motion characteristics were recorded. The pitch size was altered to keep the relative pitch area per player consistent for each game format. The 2 vs. 2 games exhibited greater blood lactate, heart rate, and RPE responses compared with 4 vs. 4 and 6 vs. 6 games (P < 0.05). The players travelled less (P < 0.05) distance at speeds of 0-7 km · h-1 in the 4 vs. 4 compared with the 2 vs. 2 games (1128 ± 10 m and 1176 ± 8 m, respectively). Average maximal sprint distances above 18 km · h-1 were lower (P < 0.05) in 2 vs. 2 than in 4 vs. 4 and 6 vs. 6 games (11.5 ± 3.9 m, 15.3 ± 5.5 m, and 19.4 ± 5.9 m, respectively), and in 4 vs. 4 compared with 6 vs. 6 games. The results show that as small-sided game formats decrease in size and relative pitch area remains constant, overall physiological and perceptual workload increases.

Hill-Haas, SV, Rowsell, GJ, Dawson, BT & Coutts, AJ 2009, 'ACUTE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND TIME-MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO SMALL-SIDED TRAINING REGIMES IN YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS', JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 111-115.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics associated with continuous and intermittent small-sided games (SSGs). The continuous (SSG^sup C^) regime involved 24 minutes' playing duration (no planned rest intervals), whereas the intermittent regime (SSG^sup I^) involved 4 × 6-minute bouts with 1.5 minutes of passive planned rest (work:rest ratio 4:1). Both training regimes were implemented across 3 SSG formats, which included games with 2 vs. 2, 4 vs. 4, and 6 vs. 6 players. Sixteen men's soccer players (mean ± SE: age = 16.2 ± 0.2 years, height = 173.7 ± 2.1 cm, body mass = 65.0 ± 2.5 kg, estimated ... = 4.8 ± 0.7 participated in the study. Heart rate (HR) was measured every 5 seconds during all SSGs. Global ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were recorded immediately after the SSGs using the Borg scale (RPEs, 6-20). Capillary blood samples were drawn at rest and within 5 minutes after the end of each SSG. Time-motion characteristics were measured using portable global positioning system units. There were no significant differences between SSG^sup C^ and SSG^sup I^ for total distance covered or for distance traveled while walking, jogging, or running at moderate speed. However, players covered a significantly greater distance at 13.0-17.9 km*h^sup -1^, a greater total distance at higher running speed, and a greater total number of sprints (>18 km*h^sup -1^) with SSG^sup I^ compared with SSG^sup C^. In contrast, global RPE and %HRmax were significantly higher in SSG^sup C^ than in SSG^sup I^. Both intermittent and continuous SSG training regimes could be used during the season for match-specific aerobic conditioning. However, both training regimes used in this study seem unlikely to provide a sufficient stimulus overload for fully developing....

Holthaus, CV, Cannon, C, Elkin, R & Nguyen, HB 2009, 'Can My Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients Wait Any Longer?', Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 135-136.
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Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Effect of vegetarian diets on bone mineral density: a Bayesian meta-analysis', The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 943-950.
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Background: The association between vegetarian diets and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial because of conflicting findings from previous studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of vegetarian diets on BMD by using a meta-analytic approach. Design: A systematic electronic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant articles on the association between vegetarian diet and BMD. Nine studies of 2749 subjects (1880 women and 869 men) were included in the analysis. Traditional and Bayesian methods of meta-analysis were applied to synthesize the data. Results: Overall, BMD was ≈4% lower in vegetarians than in omnivores (95% CI: 2%, 7%) at both the femoral neck and the lumbar spine. Compared with omnivores, vegans had a significantly lower lumbar spine BMD (6% lower; 95% CI: 2%, 9%), which was more pronounced than in lactoovovegetarians (2% lower; 95% CI: 1%, 4%). The probability that BMD was ≥5% lower in vegetarians than in omnivores (or ≈0.3 SD) was 42% for the femoral neck and 32% for the lumbar spine. There was no evidence of publication bias. There was a moderate degree of between-study heterogeneity; the coefficient of heterogeneity varied between 46% and 51%. Conclusion: The results suggest that vegetarian diets, particularly vegan diets, are associated with lower BMD, but the magnitude of the association is clinically insignificant. © 2009 American Society for Nutrition.

Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Vu, BQ, Pham, HN & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Prevalence and risk factors of radiographic vertebral fracture in postmenopausal Vietnamese women', Bone, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 213-217.
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Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, PLT, Le, TTT, Doan, TAT, Tran, NT, Le, TA & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Veganism, bone mineral density, and body composition: a study in Buddhist nuns', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 2087-2093.
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Jap, BT, Lal, S, Fischer, P & Bekiaris, E 2009, 'Using EEG spectral components to assess algorithms for detecting fatigue', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 2352-2359.
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Fatigue is a constant occupational hazard for drivers and it greatly reduces efficiency and performance when one persists in continuing the current activity. Studies have investigated various physiological associations with fatigue to try to identify fatigue indicators. The current study assessed the four electroencephalography (EEG) activities, delta (δ), theta (θ), alpha (α) and beta (β), during a monotonous driving session in 52 subjects (36 males and 16 females). Performance of four algorithms, which were: algorithm (i) (θ + α)/β, algorithm (ii) α/β, algorithm (iii) (θ + α)/(α + β), and algorithm (iv) θ/β, were also assessed as possible indicators for fatigue detection. Results showed stable delta and theta activities over time, a slight decrease of alpha activity, and a significant decrease of beta activity (p < 0.05). All four algorithms showed an increase in the ratio of slow wave to fast wave EEG activities over time. Algorithm (i) (θ + α)/β showed a larger increase. The results have implications for detecting fatigue. Impact on industry: The results of this research have the implication for detecting fatigue and can be used for future development of fatigue countermeasure devices. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Jinyan Li & Junghwan Kim 2009, 'Data-Aided Synchronization for MF-TDMA Multi-Carrier Demultiplexer/Demodulator (MCDD)', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 623-632.
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Jones, AC, Arns, CH, Hutmacher, DW, Milthorpe, BK, Sheppard, AP & Knackstedt, MA 2009, 'The correlation of pore morphology, interconnectivity and physical properties of 3D ceramic scaffolds with bone ingrowth', BIOMATERIALS, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1440-1451.
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In the design of tissue engineering scaffolds, design parameters including pore size, shape and interconnectivity, mechanical properties and transport properties should be optimized to maximize successful inducement of bone ingrowth. In this paper we describe a 3D micro-CT and pore partitioning study to derive pore scale parameters including pore radius distribution, accessible radius, throat radius, and connectivity over the pore space of the tissue engineered constructs. These pore scale descriptors are correlated to bone ingrowth into the scaffolds. Quantitative and visual comparisons show a strong correlation between the local accessible pore radius and bone ingrowth; for well connected samples a cutoff accessible pore radius of ∼100 μm is observed for ingrowth. The elastic properties of different types of scaffolds are simulated and can be described by standard cellular solids theory: (E/E0) = (ρ/ρs)n. Hydraulic conductance and diffusive properties are calculated; results are consistent with the concept of a threshold conductance for bone ingrowth. Simple simulations of local flow velocity and local shear stress show no correlation to in vivo bone ingrowth patterns. These results demonstrate a potential for 3D imaging and analysis to define relevant pore scale morphological and physical properties within scaffolds and to provide evidence for correlations between pore scale descriptors, physical properties and bone ingrowth. Crown Copyright © 2008.

Jones, PM & George, AM 2009, 'Opening of the ADP‐bound active site in the ABC transporter ATPase dimer: Evidence for a constant contact, alternating sites model for the catalytic cycle', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 387-396.
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AbstractABC transporters are ubiquitous, ATP‐dependent transmembrane pumps. The mechanism by which ATP hydrolysis in the nucleotide‐binding domain (NBD) effects conformational changes in the transmembrane domain that lead to allocrite translocation remains largely unknown. A possible aspect of this mechanism was suggested by previous molecular dynamics simulations of the MJ0796 NBD dimer, which revealed a novel, nucleotide‐dependent intrasubunit conformational change involving the relative rotation of the helical and catalytic subdomains. Here, we find that in four of five simulations of the ADP/ATP‐bound dimer, the relative rotation of the helical and catalytic subdomains in the ADP‐bound monomer results in opening of the ADP‐bound active site, probably sufficient or close to sufficient to allow nucleotide exchange. We also observe that in all five simulations of the ADP/ATP‐bound dimer, the intimate contact of the LSGGQ signature sequence with the ATP γ‐phosphate is weakened by the intrasubunit conformational change within the ADP‐bound monomer. We discuss how these results support a constant contact model for the function of the NBD dimer in contrast to switch models, in which the NBDs are proposed to fully disassociate during the catalytic cycle. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Jones, PM, O’Mara, ML & George, AM 2009, 'ABC transporters: a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma', Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 520-531.
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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters form one of the largest and most ancient of protein families. ABC transporters couple hydrolysis of ATP to vectorial translocation of diverse substrates across cellular membranes. Many human ABC transporters are medically important in causing, for example, multidrug resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Seven complete prokaryotic structures and one eukaryotic structure have been solved for transporters from 2002 to date, and a wealth of research is being conducted on and around these structures to resolve the mechanistic conundrum of how these transporters couple ATP hydrolysis in cytosolic domains to substrate translocation through the transmembrane pore. Many questions remained unanswered about this mechanism, despite a plethora of data and a number of interesting and controversial models.

Juszczyszyn, K, Musiał, K, Kazienko, P & Gabrys, B 2009, 'Temporal changes in local topology of an email-based social network', Computing and Informatics, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 763-779.
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The dynamics of complex social networks has become one of the research areas of growing importance. The knowledge about temporal changes of the network topology and characteristics is crucial in networked communication systems in which accurate predictions are important. The local network topology can be described by the means of network motifs which are small subgraphs - usually containing from 3 to 7 nodes. They were shown to be useful for creating profiles that reveal several properties of the network. In this paper, the time-varying characteristics of social networks, such as the number of nodes and edges as well as clustering coefficients and different centrality measures are investigated. At the same time, the analysis of three-node motifs (triads) was used to track the temporal changes in the structure of a large social network derived from e-mail communication between university employees. We have shown that temporal changes in local connection patterns of the social network are indeed correlated with the changes in the clustering coefficient as well as various centrality measures values and are detectable by means of motifs analysis. Together with robust sampling network motifs can provide an appealing way to monitor and assess temporal changes in large social networks.

Kabakova, IV, Corcoran, B, Bolger, JA, de Sterke, M & Eggleton, BJ 2009, 'All-optical self-switching in optimized phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating', Optics Express, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 5083-5083.
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Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 2009, 'Architecture for development of adaptive on-line prediction models', Memetic Computing, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 241-269.
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This work presents an architecture for the development of on-line prediction models. The architecture defines unified modular environment based on three concepts from machine learning, these are: (i) ensemble methods, (ii) local learning, and (iii) meta learning. The three concepts are organised in a three layer hierarchy within the architecture. For the actual prediction making any data-driven predictive method such as artificial neural network, support vector machines, etc. can be implemented and plugged in. In addition to the predictive methods, data pre-processing methods can also be implemented as plug-ins. Models developed according to the architecture can be trained and operated in different modes. With regard to the training, the architecture supports the building of initial models based on a batch of training data, but if this data is not available the models can also be trained in incremental mode. In a scenario where correct target values are (occasionally) available during the run-time, the architecture supports life-long learning by providing several adaptation mechanisms across the three hierarchical levels. In order to demonstrate its practicality, we show how the issues of current soft sensor development and maintenance can be effectively dealt with by using the architecture as a construction plan for the development of adaptive soft sensing algorithms. © Springer-Verlag 2009.

Kadlec, P, Gabrys, B & Strandt, S 2009, 'Data-driven Soft Sensors in the process industry', Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 795-814.
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Kamal, MA, Tan, Y, Seale, JP & Qu, X 2009, 'Targeting BuChE-inflammatory Pathway by SK0506 to Manage Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease', NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2163-2169.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect a large percent of the population worldwide. Experimental studies have revealed that T2DM and AD share several molecular processes that underlie their respective degenerative pathology. Based on this information, we quantified TNF-α, IL-6 levels, serum glucose, serum triglyceride, hepatic triglyceride, serum AST, serum ALT and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in various rat tissues. HFD was fed to rats resulting in increased body weight, fasting blood glucose, IL-6, TNF-α levels, hepatic triglyceride, serum AST, serum ALT and BuChE. SK0506 treatment significantly prevented weight gain induced by HFD feeding. SK0506, but not Rosiglitazone, significantly reduced serum and hepatic triglycerides levels. Treatment with SK0506 also ameliorated elevated levels of both inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) and serum liver enzymes (ALT and AST) significantly in HFD fed rats. BuChE activity also reduced in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues of rats treated by SK0506. In conclusion, current study has opened new potential avenues towards research for management of T2DM and AD by Chinese herbal extracts, 'SK0506'. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Kim, JJY, Xiao, H, Tan, Y, Wang, Z-Z, Paul Seale, J & Qu, X 2009, 'The Effects and Mechanism of Saponins of Panax notoginseng on Glucose Metabolism in 3T3-L1 Cells', The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, vol. 37, no. 06, pp. 1179-1189.
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This study was carried out to determine the effect of saponins of Panax notoginseng (SPN), a naturally occurring cardiovascular agent, on: (1) glucose uptake, (2) GLUT4 translocation and (3) glycogen synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Electrospray ionization-Mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to determine the structural characterization of the major active components of SPN. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured and treated with 100 nM insulin alone or with 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml of SPN. [3H]2-deoxyglucose glucose uptake, GLUT4 immunofluorescence imaging and glycogen synthesis assay were carried out to determine the effects of SPN on glucose metabolism. Under insulin stimulation, SPN significantly increased glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner; 50 μg/ml of SPN increased glucose uptake by 64% (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence imaging and analysis have revealed that 50 and 100 μg/ml of SPN increased GLUT4 in the plasma membrane by 3-fold and 6-fold respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the incorporation of D-[U-14C] glucose into glycogen was enhanced by 53% in 3T3-L1 cells treated with 100 μg/ml of SPN (p < 0.01 vs. insulin stimulation alone). SPN, a naturally occurring agent used to treat ischemic cardio-cerebral vascular disease in China, enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in adipocytes. The results of this study indicate that SPN may have a therapeutic potential for hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.

Krimmer, DI, Loseli, M, Hughes, JM, Oliver, BGG, Moir, LM, Hunt, NH, Black, JL & Burgess, JK 2009, 'CD40 and OX40 ligand are differentially regulated on asthmatic airway smooth muscle', ALLERGY, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 1074-1082.
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Background: CD40 and OX40 Ligand (OX40L) are cell-surface molecules expressed on airway smooth muscle (ASM) that can enhance inflammatory cell activation and survival. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on ASM CD40 and OX40L expression. Methods: CD40 and OX40L expression on human ASM cells from asthmatic and nonasthmatic donors following stimulation with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ was measured using cell-surface enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Involvement of signalling pathway was investigated with pharmacological inhibitors. Soluble TNF receptor levels were quantified by ELISA. Results: Interferon-γ and TNF-α synergistically increased CD40 expression to a greater extent on asthmatic than on nonasthmatic ASM. In contrast, IFN-γ reduced TNF-α-induced OX40L expression to a similar extent in both cell types. TNF-α and IFN-γ induced CD40 via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in both cell types and modulated OX40L via NF-κB and c-Jun N terminal kinase in nonasthmatic cells. Similar effects on the induction of OX40L in asthmatic cells were seen with NF-κB, but these were not statistically significant. The reduced OX40L expression with TNF-α and IFN-γ involved extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 activation. Conclusion: Asthmatic ASM may modulate airway inflammation locally by increasing CD40 and OX40L expression in response to cytokines. IFN-γ may regulate ASM pro-inflammatory actions by differentially modulating ASM CD40 and OX40L expression. © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard.

Le, H, Schiff, N, Plessis, JD & Hoang, DB 2009, 'A pervasive tele-health system for continual and low intrusive monitoring using peer-to-peer networks', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 330-330.
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There are many people suffering from chronic illnesses, obesity and related diseases such as: high blood pressure, arrhythmia, diabetes, etc. However, with a large number of patients and constant health monitoring requirements, a centralised server will not be able to accommodate such high volumes of data. In this paper, the authors propose to develop a pervasive electronic healthcare system using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The authors developed a heart monitoring application as their first prototype to demonstrate the concept. The main advantage of the model is scalability and cost efficiency. Copyright © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC & Barin, E 2009, 'Feasibility study of a non invasive cardiac rhythm management system', International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 5-14.
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Leong, GWS, Gorrie, CA, Ng, K, Rutkowski, S & Waite, PME 2009, 'Electrical Perceptual Threshold Testing: A Validation Study', JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 140-146.
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Background/Objective: To investigate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of electrical perceptual threshold (EPT) testing in assessing somatosensory function in healthy volunteers. Study Design: Prospective experimental. Setting: Hospital-based spinal cord injuries unit. Methods: Cutaneous electrical stimulation of 4 dermatomes at ASIA sensory key points (C3, T1, L3, and S2) was performed on 40 control subjects. The lowest ascending stimulus intensity at which sensation was perceived was recorded as the EPT. Mean EPT values for each dermatome, as determined by 2 testers at 2 time points, were examined and plotted against a normative template. Differences and associations between intra- and inter-rater measurements and left-right measurements were studied. EPT results for 2 people with spinal cord injuries were also examined. Results: EPT measurements from left and right sides, obtained from the 2 time points and 2 testers, were found to be strongly associated, with the exception of left and right side measurements at the S2 dermatome. No significant differences in the mean EPT for tester or time period were found. The intra- and inter-rater reliability was good for all dermatomes tested. Mean EPT measurements fell within the range of a normative template at each of the 4 dermatomes tested. Conclusion: EPT is an objective, reproducible, and quantifiable method of assessing sensation in a control group. However, caution should be applied in certain dermatomes such as S2, where there was large variation between left and right side measurements. © 2009 by the American Paraplegia Society.

Li, J & Liu, Q 2009, '‘Double water exclusion’: a hypothesis refining the O-ring theory for the hot spots at protein interfaces', Bioinformatics, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 743-750.
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Abstract Motivation: The O-ring theory reveals that the binding hot spot at a protein interface is surrounded by a ring of residues that are energetically less important than the residues in the hot spot. As this ring of residues is served to occlude water molecules from the hot spot, the O-ring theory is also called ‘water exclusion’ hypothesis. We propose a ‘double water exclusion’ hypothesis to refine the O-ring theory by assuming the hot spot itself is water-free. To computationally model a water-free hot spot, we use a biclique pattern that is defined as two maximal groups of residues from two chains in a protein complex holding the property that every residue contacts with all residues in the other group. Methods and Results: Given a chain pair A and B of a protein complex from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), we calculate the interatomic distance of all possible pairs of atoms between A and B. We then represent A and B as a bipartite graph based on these distance information. Maximal biclique subgraphs are subsequently identified from all of the bipartite graphs to locate biclique patterns at the interfaces. We address two properties of biclique patterns: a non-redundant occurrence in PDB, and a correspondence with hot spots when the solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) of a biclique pattern in the complex form is small. A total of 1293 biclique patterns are discovered which have a non-redundant occurrence of at least five, and which each have a minimum two and four residues at the two sides. Through extensive queries to the HotSprint and ASEdb databases, we verified that biclique patterns are rich of true hot residues. Our algorithm and results provide a new way to identify hot spots by examining proteins' structural data. Availability: The biclique mining algorithm is available at http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/jyli/dwe.html. ...

Liu, G, Sim, K, Li, J & Wong, L 2009, 'Efficient mining of distance‐based subspace clusters', Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, vol. 2, no. 5-6, pp. 427-444.
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AbstractTraditional similarity measurements often become meaningless when dimensions of datasets increase. Subspace clustering has been proposed to find clusters embedded in subspaces of high‐dimensional datasets. Many existing algorithms use a grid‐based approach to partition the data space into nonoverlapping rectangle cells, and then identify connected dense cells as clusters. The rigid boundaries of the grid‐based approach may cause a real cluster to be divided into several small clusters. In this paper, we propose to use a sliding‐window approach to partition the dimensions to preserve significant clusters. We call this model nCluster model. The sliding‐window approach generates more bins than the grid‐based approach, thus it incurs higher mining cost. We develop a deterministic algorithm, called MaxnCluster, to mine nClusters efficiently. MaxnCluster uses several techniques to speed up the mining, and it produces only maximal nClusters to reduce result size. Non‐maximal nClusters are pruned without the need of storing the discovered nClusters in the memory, which is key to the efficiency of MaxnCluster. Our experiment results show that (i) the nCluster model can indeed preserve clusters that are shattered by the grid‐based approach on synthetic datasets; (ii) the nCluster model produces more significant clusters than the grid‐based approach on two real gene expression datasets and (iii) MaxnCluster is efficient in mining maximal nClusters. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 427‐444, 2009

Lobo, GP, Waite, KA, Planchon, SM, Romigh, T, Nassif, NT & Eng, C 2009, 'Germline and somatic cancer-associated mutations in the ATP-binding motifs of PTEN influence its subcellular localization and tumor suppressive function', HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, vol. 18, no. 15, pp. 2851-2862.
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Germline and somatic PTEN mutations are found in Cowden syndrome (CS) and multiple sporadic malignancies, respectively. PTEN function appears to be modulated by subcellular compartmentalization, and mislocalization may affect function. We have shown that cellular ATP levels affect nuclear PTEN levels. Here, we examined the ATP-binding capabilities of PTEN and functional consequences, relevant to cancer-associated mutations. PTEN mutation analysis of CS patients and sporadic colorectal carcinomas and comparative aminoacid analysis were utilized to identify mutations in ATP-binding motifs. The ability of wild-type (WT) or mutant PTEN to bind ATP was assessed by ATP-agarose-binding assays. Subcellular fractionation, western blotting, confocal microscopy and growth assays were used to determine relative nuclear-cytoplasmic localization and function. Somatic colorectal carcinoma-derived PTEN missense mutations were associated with nuclear mislocalization. These mutations altered cellular proliferation, apoptosis and anchorage-dependent growth. Examination of PTEN's amino acid sequence revealed these mutations resided in previously undescribed ATP-binding motifs (c.60-73; c.122-136). In contrast to WT PTEN, both cancer-associated somatic and germline-derived PTEN missense mutations, which lie within the ATP-binding motifs, result in mutant PTEN that does not bind ATP efficiently. We also show that CS patients with germline ATP-binding motif-mutations had nuclear PTEN mislocalization. Of four unrelated patients with functional germline ATP-binding domain mutations, all three female patients had breast cancers. Germline and somatic mutations within PTEN's ATP-binding domain play important pathogenic roles in both heritable and sporadic carcinogenesis by PTEN nuclear mislocalization resulting in altered signaling and growth. Manipulation of ATP may represent novel therapies in tumors with such PTEN alterations. © 2009 The Author(s).

Lock, D, Darcy, S & Taylor, T 2009, 'Starting with a clean slate: An analysis of member identification with a new sports team', Sport Management Review, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15-25.
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Soccer in Australia underwent a series of changes following a Federal Government inquiry into its future. A report into the Structure, Governance and Management of Soccer in Australia (2003) recommended a process of structural change, aimed at repositioning and re-branding soccer as association football. The restructure yielded the replacement of the National Soccer League with the A-League, five new Australian teams and a concerted attempt to separate soccer from its ethnic ties in the antipodes. This paper examines member identification in relation to a specific A-League club's members. Using the Sports Spectator Identity Scale (Wann & Branscombe, 1993) to measure sport fan identity in a new team context, a survey of club members of Sydney FC (n = 510), was undertaken. Survey findings indicated that members of Sydney FC reported relatively strong team identification in the first year of the new competition, with some nuanced differences based on age and income. The SSIS demonstrated a good level of fit in relation to a new sports team, although it is evident that rivalries and identification with a new team need time to develop fully. © 2009 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand.

Lord, MS, Pasqui, D, Barbucci, R & Milthorpe, BK 2009, 'Protein adsorption on derivatives of hyaluronic acid and subsequent cellular response', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 91A, no. 3, pp. 635-646.
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AbstractThe modulation of biological interactions with artificial surfaces is a vital aspect of biomaterials research. Serum protein adsorption onto photoreactive hyaluronic acid (Hyal‐N3) and its sulfated derivative (HyalS‐N3) was analyzed to determine extent of protein interaction and protein conformation as well as subsequent cell adhesion. There were no significant (p < 0.01) differences in the amount of protein adsorbed to the two polymers; however, proteins were found to be more loosely bound on HyalS‐N3 compared with Hyal‐N3. Fibronectin was adsorbed onto HyalS‐N3 in such an orientation as to allow the availability of the cell binding region, while there was more restricted access to this region on fibronectin adsorbed onto Hyal‐N3. This was confirmed by reduced cell adhesion on fibronectin precoated Hyal‐N3 compared with fibronectin precoated HyalS‐N3. Minimal cell adhesion was observed on albumin and serum precoated Hyal‐N3. The quartz crystal microbalance confirmed that specific cell‐surface interactions were experienced by cells interacting with the fibronectin precoated polymers and serum precoated HyalS‐N3. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009

Lutherborrow, M, Appavoo, M, Simpson, AM & Tuch, B 2009, 'Gene expression profiling of HUH7-ins: Lack of a granulogenic function for Chromogranin A.', Islets, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 62-74.
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Previously, the insulin producing liver cell line HUH7-ins has been shown to synthesize, store and secrete insulin in response to glucose via secretory granules. The current study characterized the gene expression profile of HUH7-ins with the aim to identify changes possibly involved in the formation of granules. Additionally, experiments were conducted to determine the influence of chromograninA (egA) on secretory granule biogenesis (5GB) in HUH7-ins. Expression of 165 genes were significantly changed in HUH7-ins, though interestingly the majority of secretory granule associated genes, such as the chromogranins were unchanged. egA was over-expressed in glucose unresponsive HUH7-ins cells to test whether egA played a role in 5GB and would restore the regulated secretory phenotype. Over expression affected neither the storage nor regulated secretion of insulin. These data suggest that 5GB may by regulated at a post-transcriptional level with no evidence to indicate that egA regulates SGB in the cell line HUH7-ins.

McGrath, KCY, Li, XH, Puranik, R, Liong, EC, Tan, JTM, Dy, VM, DiBartolo, BA, Barter, PJ, Rye, KA & Heather, AK 2009, 'Role of 3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 Reductase in Mediating Antiinflammatory Effects of High-Density Lipoproteins in Endothelial Cells', Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 877-882.
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Objective— The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to upregulate genes with the potential to protect against inflammation in endothelial cells. Methods and Results— Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were exposed to reconstituted HDLs (rHDLs) for 16 hours before being activated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for 5 hours. rHDLs decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) promoter activity by 75% ( P <0.05), via the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) binding site. rHDLs suppressed the canonical NF-κB pathway and decreased many NF-κB target genes. Suppression of NF-κB and VCAM-1 expression by rHDLs or native HDLs was dependent on an increase in 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) levels ( P <0.05). The effect of HDLs on DHCR24 is dependent on SR-BI but not ABCAI or ABCGI. Silencing DHCR24 expression increased NF-κB (1.2-fold, P <0.05), VCAM-1 (30-fold, P <0.05), and NF-κB p50 (4-fold, P <0.05) and p65 subunits (150-fold, P <0.05). TNF-α activation of siDHCR24-treated cells increased expression of VCAM-1 (550-fold, P <0.001) and NF-κB (9-fold, P <0.001) that could no longer be suppressed by rHDLs. Conclusions—

Meyer-Rochow, GY, Smith, JM, Richardson, A-L, Marsh, DJ, Sidhu, SB, Robinson, BG & Benn, DE 2009, 'Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection of SDHB, SDHD, and VHL Germline Mutations in Pheochromocytoma', Journal of Surgical Research, vol. 157, no. 1, pp. 55-62.
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Mironov, V, Zhang, J, Gentile, C, Brakke, K, Trusk, T, Jakab, K, Forgacs, G, Kasyanov, V, Visconti, RP & Markwald, RR 2009, 'Designer ‘blueprint’ for vascular trees: morphology evolution of vascular tissue constructs', Virtual and Physical Prototyping, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 63-74.
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Organ printing is a variant of the biomedical application of rapid prototyping technology or layer-by-layer additive biofabrication of 3D tissue and organ constructs using self-assembled tissue spheroids as building blocks. Bioengineering of perfusable intraorgan branched vascular trees incorporated into 3D tissue constructs is essential for the survival of bioprinted thick 3D tissues and organs. In order to design the optimal 'blueprint' for digital bioprinting of intraorgan branched vascular trees, the coefficients of tissue retraction associated with post-printing vascular tissue spheroid fusion and remodelling must be determined and incorporated into the original CAD. Using living tissue spheroids assembled into ring-like and tube-like vascular tissue constructs, the coefficient of tissue retraction has been experimentally evaluated. It has been shown that the internal diameter of ring-like and the height of tubular-like tissue constructs are significantly reduced during tissue spheroid fusion. During the tissue fusion process, the individual tissue spheroids also change their shape from ball-like to a conus-like form. A simple formula for the calculation of the necessary number of tissue spheroids for biofabrication of ring-like structures of desirable diameter has been deduced. These data provide sufficient information to design optimal CAD for bioprinted branched vascular trees of desirable final geometry and size.

Morris, MJ & Chen, H 2009, 'Established maternal obesity in the rat reprograms hypothalamic appetite regulators and leptin signaling at birth', International Journal of Obesity, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 115-122.
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Objective:Key appetite regulators and their receptors are already present in the fetal hypothalamus, and may respond to hormones such as leptin. Intrauterine food restriction or hyperglycemia can reprogram these circuits, possibly predisposing individuals to adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Given the global obesity epidemic, maternal overweight and obesity is becoming more prevalent. Earlier, we observed rapid growth of pups from obese dams during the suckling period. However, it is unclear whether this is because of alterations in leptin and hypothalamic appetite regulators at birth.Design:Female SpragueDawley rats were fed palatable high-fat diet (HFD) or chow for 5 weeks to induce obesity before mating. The same diet continued during gestation. At day 1, after birth, plasma and hypothalamus were collected from male and female pups.Measurements:Body weight and organ mass were recorded. Leptin and insulin levels were measured in the plasma by radioimmunoassay. Hypothalamic mRNA expression of neuropeptide-Y (NPY), pro-opiomelanocortin, leptin receptor and its downstream signal, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), were measured using real-time PCR.Results:Body and organ weights of pups from obese dams were similar to those from lean dams, across both genders. However, plasma leptin levels were significantly lower in offspring from obese dams (male: 0.53±0.13 vs 1.05±0.21 ng ml^-1; female: 0.33±0.09 vs 2.12±0.57 ng ml^-1, respectively; both P<0.05).

Nguyen, HT & Su, SW 2009, 'Conditions for triangular decoupling control', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1575-1581.
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The main purpose of this article is to explore the relationship of two existing conditions for the triangular decoupling problem. The first one is the triangular-diagonal-dominance condition proposed by Hung and Anderson. The second one is the stable coprime factorisation-described condition proposed by Gomez and Goodwin, which has been proven as a necessary and sufficient condition for the triangular decoupling problem. This article proves that the two conditions are actually equivalent. It also provides easy-to-use criteria for assessment of the solvability of the triangular decoupling problem.

Nguyen, HTT, von Schoultz, B, Pham, DMT, Nguyen, DB, Le, QH, Nguyen, DV, Hirschberg, AL & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Peak bone mineral density in Vietnamese women', Archives of Osteoporosis, vol. 4, no. 1-2, pp. 9-15.
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This cross-sectional study showed that peak bone mineral density in Vietnamese women is comparable to that in Caucasian women; however, the prevalence of osteoporosis in post-menopausal Vietnamese women was slightly higher than in Caucasian women. The age of achieving peak bone mass in Vietnamese women was between 26 and 30 years. Introduction: While peak bone mass and its determinants have been well-documented in Caucasian populations, little has been studied in Asian populations. The present study was designed to estimate the peak bone mineral density (BMD), age of its attainment, and to examine the prevalence of osteoporosis in Vietnamese women aged 50+. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study with 328 women aged between 10 and 65 years (average age: 41) who were randomly selected from two districts around Hanoi city according to a stratified sampling scheme. BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip was measured by a DXA instrument (GE Lunar Prodigy, WI, USA). BMD was modeled as a cubic function of age, from which peak BMD and age at peak BMD were estimated. Bootstrap method was utilized to estimate the 95% confidence interval of peak BMD and age at peak BMD. From the peak BMD, T-score was calculated for each woman, and using the World Health Organization criteria, any woman with femoral neck BMD T-score ≤ -2.5 was classified as having osteoporosis. Results: Peak BMD was estimated at 1.16 g/cm2 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.13 g/cm2) at the lumbar spine, 1.02 g/cm2 (SD 0.12) at the total hip, and 0.94 g/cm 2 (SD 0.11) at the femoral neck. In the cubic polynomial model, the age at peak BMD was estimated to range between 27 and 29 years. The prevalence of osteoporosis among those aged between 50 and 65 years was 23%. This prevalence was higher than in Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Caucasian populations. Conclusion: These data suggest that although the peak BMD in Vietnamese women is comparable to, the prevalence of osteoporosis is hig...

Nguyen, TV, Chandrashekar, K, Qin, Z, Parent, AD & Zhang, J 2009, 'Epidemiology of Intracranial Aneurysms of Mississippi: a 10-year (1997-2007) Retrospective Study', JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 374-380.
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Background: Despite massive efforts, progress so far has been modest in isolating the genetic determinants for intracranial aneurysm (IA). More detailed epidemiology data might be essential for successful genome-wide association study. Here, we aimed to investigate epidemiology and identify the key risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of IA in a large specific population. Methods: We investigated the epidemiology and analyzed the risk factors of IA pathogenesis by using an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision database search of the patients treated at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, within the past 10-year period (1998-2007). All recruited patients were interviewed to assess multiple risk factors and comorbidities (hypertension, tobacco abuse, females sex, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, coronary obstructive pulmonary disease, alcohol abuse, stroke, hyperlipidemia, illicit drug use, and family history). Result: In this retrospective study, we identified several significant risk factors among well-defined human subjects. The 3 major risk factors identified for our IA population are hypertension, tobacco abuse, and female sex. However, African American race was not a significant risk factor in our study. Furthermore, top two risk factors (hypertension, tobacco abuse) were found to be highly associated with familial cases. Conclusions: In this study, using a specific and well-defined large population, we reported that some key risk factors were further confirmed to be strongly associated with the pathogenesis of IA whereas further investigation into racial factors is apparently needed. Our finding of the confounding effects of top risks with familial cases further complicated the genetic analysis of IA.

Nowak, D, Florek, M, Nowak, J, Kwiatek, W, Lekki, J, Chevallier, P, Hacura, A, Wrzalik, R, Ben-Nissan, B, Van Grieken, R & Kuczumow, A 2009, 'Morphology and the chemical make-up of the inorganic components of black corals', Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1029-1038.
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Black corals (Cnidaria, Antipatharia) from three different sources were investigated with the aim of detecting inorganic components and their morphology. In general, the skeleton of black corals was composed of the chitin fibrils admixed with peptides and the chitin presence was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and microRaman Microscopy, the latter giving the opportunity of tracing single fibrils and their location. The composition and concentrations of the inorganic components of the black corals were measured, using a scanning electron microprobe and micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (mu-PIXE). The application of such instruments enabled the estimation of the constituent distributions in a microscale. The mapping option was the most useful technique of making analyses in these studies, just to reveal the composition of chamber-like cells. Analysis of the morphology and microstructure showed that there were three distinct regions within the coral: a core and the cells encircled with adjacent interface gluing strips. The majority of the elements analyzed were selectively distributed and segregated in a striking way in mentioned distinctive zones of the skeleton and it was detected for the first time. The core area was characterized by the relatively elevated concentrations of Ca. The measurements gave extremely clear images of the distribution of particular elements in the skeletal tissue, with I, Ca, K and Fe much more concentrated in the gluing zones, while C, N, Na and Mg present in the interiors of particular skeletal cells. The distribution of some elements (Mg, Fe) and some compounds (chitin) and functional groups (S-S, C-I) allows differentiating the biological and mechanical functions of particular fragments of the rods

Parker, D, Greeve, K, Hegney, D, Hughes, K, Jenkin, P, Reymond, L & Walker, H 2009, 'Implementation of a comprehensive evidence-based palliative approach in residential aged care', International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 221-221.
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Parlati, C, Colombo, P, Buttini, F, Young, PM, Adi, H, Ammit, AJ & Traini, D 2009, 'Pulmonary Spray Dried Powders of Tobramycin Containing Sodium Stearate to Improve Aerosolization Efficiency', PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1084-1092.
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Pedraza, L, Rodriguez-Losada, D, Matia, F, Dissanayake, G & Valls Miro, J 2009, 'Extending the Limits of Feature-Based SLAM With B-Splines', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 353-366.
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This paper describes a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for use in unstructured environments that is effective regardless of the geometric complexity of the environment. Features are described using B-splines as modeling tool, and the set of control points defining their shape is used to form a complete and compact description of the environment, thus making it feasible to use an extended Kalman-filter (EKF) based SLAM algorithm. This method is the first known EKF-SLAM implementation capable of describing general free-form features in a parametric manner. Efficient strategies for computing the relevant Jacobians, perform data association, initialization, and map enlargement are presented. The algorithms are evaluated for accuracy and consistency using computer simulations, and for effectiveness using experimental data gathered from different real environments. © 2009 IEEE.

Pham, HV, Dang, DT, Tran Minh, NN, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Correlates of environmental factors and human plague: an ecological study in Vietnam', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1634-1641.
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Methods The study included all 510 communes of the Central Highlands region (with a total population of similar to 4 million) where 95% of incidence of plague cases in Vietnam had been reported from 1997 through 2002. Plague was clinically ascertained by using a standard protocol by WHO. Data on domestic fleas and rodents were obtained by using traps and periodic surveillance in accordance with the WHO guidelines. Temperature, duration of sunshine, rainfall and humidity were recorded as monthly averages by local meteorological stations. The association between these ecological factors and plague was assessed by using the Poisson regression model. Results From 1997 through 2002, 472 cases of plague were reported, of whom 24 (5.1%) died. The incidence of plague peaked during the dry season, with similar to 63% of cases occurring from February through April. The risk of plague occurrence was associated with an increased monthly flea index (RR and 95% CI: 1.93; 1.61-2.33 for months with the flea index > 1) and increased rodent density (RR 1.23; 1.15-1.32 per each 3% increase in density). Moreover, the risk of plague increased during the dry season (RR 2.07; 1.64-2.62), when rainfall fell < 10 mm (RR 1.44; 1.17-1.77). Conclusions These data suggest that the flea index, rodent density and rainfall could be used as ecological indicators of plague risk in Vietnam. The data also suggest that the occurrence of plague in Vietnam's Central Highlands is likely resulted from multiple causes that remain to be delineated.

Pham, TD, Brandl, M & Beck, D 2009, 'Fuzzy declustering-based vector quantization', Pattern Recognition, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 2570-2577.
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Vector quantization is a useful approach for multi-dimensional data compression and pattern classification. One of the most popular techniques for vector quantization design is the LBG (Linde, Buzo, Gray) algorithm. To address the problem of producing poor estimate of vector centroids which are subjected to biased data in vector quantization; we propose a fuzzy declustering strategy for the LBG algorithm. The proposed technique calculates appropriate declustering weights to adjust the global data distribution. Using the result of fuzzy declustering-based vector quantization design, we incorporate the notion of fuzzy partition entropy into the distortion measures that can be useful for classification of spectral features. Experimental results obtained from simulated and real data sets demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed approach. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phillips, J & Berge, ZL 2009, 'Second Life for Dental Education', Journal of Dental Education, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 1260-1264.
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Dental education strives to balance the use of traditional teaching methods with technologically advanced systems to meet the needs of an ever‐expanding curriculum. Establishing distance education technologies is an identified goal of dental education. Technologically adept students desire meaningful and efficient distance education instruction. A majority of preclinical instruction is devoted to acquiring psychomotor skills and methods of patient care delivery, and simulation is a pedagogical instructional tool used for acquisition of preclinical skills. The purpose of this article is to review the technological tool Second Life as a medium for total virtual patient simulation. Second Life demonstrates promise for enhancing current standardized instruction and competency testing and for promoting distance education. As an emerging technological tool, Second Life is valuable as an adjunct to preclinical teaching methods in virtual problem‐solving and communication prior to student clinicians’ treating patients in the clinical setting and as a resource for continuing dental education for practitioners. Because some degree of consistency exists in the curriculum objectives of preclinical patient care and assessment in dental and dental hygiene education, within the context of this article the term “dental education” refers to both professions of dentistry and dental hygiene.

Phillips, J, Charles, M, Sharpe, L & Matthey, S 2009, 'Validation of the subscales of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a sample of women with unsettled infants', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 118, no. 1-3, pp. 101-112.
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BACKGROUND: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was developed as a uni-dimensional measure of depression, however there is evidence that it also measures anxiety. This study examined the factor structure of the EPDS and validity of the identified subscales. METHOD: 309 women with infants aged up to 12 months completed the EPDS, BDI-II, BAI and the SCID-I. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis revealed distinct anxiety and depression factors. Confirmatory factor analyses showed the identified two-factor model to be an adequate fit to the data and superior to a uni-dimensional model. An anxiety subscale score of 4 or more detected the presence of an anxiety disorder with sensitivity of 63%, specificity 70%, positive predictive value of 45% and negative predictive value of 81%. LIMITATIONS: All participants were mothers with unsettled infants, a group that is known to have higher than average rates of depression and anxiety. The factor structure of the EPDS may have unique features in this group and so these results may not be generalizable to general postnatal samples. Also, participants in this study ranged from 1 week to 12 months postpartum and there may be variations in the factor structure of the EPDS over this time. CONCLUSION: The 7-item depression subscale could be used in place of the total scale to identify women with major depression and the 3-item anxiety subscale could be used to identify women with anxiety disorders (occurring co-morbidly with depression or occurring alone). Future research should seek to replicate these findings in a general postnatal sample and to develop anxiety-specific screening tools for use in the postnatal period.

Phillips, J, Davidson, PM & Willcock, S 2009, 'An Insight Into the Delivery of a Palliative Approach in Residential Aged Care', Journal of Applied Gerontology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 395-405.
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Managing the complex care needs of older people is a global concern. General practitioners (GPs) play a pivotal role in aged care, yet little is known about their capacity to provide palliative care in nursing homes. This study aimed to investigate GPs' perceptions and understanding of a palliative approach. A convenience sample of rural GPs ( n = 13) participated in a series of three focus groups undertaken in August, 2005. These focus groups were all audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Four key themes emerged: uncertainty about a palliative approach, a need to reorientate providers, the challenges of managing third parties, and making it work and moving forward. These preliminary findings suggest that integrating a palliative approach in aged care requires GPs to have a greater awareness of this paradigm and to be more effectively engaged in multidisciplinary care planning.

Phillips, J, Sharpe, L, Matthey, S & Charles, M 2009, 'Maternally focused worry', Archives of Women's Mental Health, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 409-418.
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Emerging evidence suggests that many women in the postnatal period experience clinically significant levels of anxiety but do not meet full diagnostic criteria for an existing anxiety disorder. In this study, 167 women with infants aged 2 weeks to 12 months were interviewed for current and lifetime history of depression and anxiety disorders using the SCID-I and completed a range of self-report measures measuring psychological risk factors and current depressive and anxiety symptomatology. Qualitative comments provided by women diagnosed with ADNOS (maternally focused worry) were analyzed and themes identified, and independent t-tests and chi-square tests were conducted to compare differences between these women and women with GAD. Results showed (1) there to be almost as many women who met criteria for ADNOS (maternally focused worry) as met criteria for GAD, and (2) that women with maternally focused worry were indistinguishable from women with GAD in terms of anxiety and depressive symptom severity, functional impairment and a range of risk factors. These results highlight the status of maternally focused worry as an under-recognized phenomenon and one in need of further clinical and research attention.

Rampinini, E, Impellizzeri, FM, Castagna, C, Coutts, AJ & Wisloff, U 2009, 'Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A league: Effect of fatigue and competitive level', JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 227-233.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in technical and physical performance between the first and second half during official matches of Italian Serie A league. Further aim was to compare the technical and physical performance of the players of the more successful teams (ranked in the first 5 positions) with the players of the less successful teams (ranked in the last 5 positions) from the same league. A total of 416 individual games from 186 soccer players (27 +/- 4 years, 76 +/- 5 kg, and 181 +/- 5 cm) were analysed using a video match-analysis system. The match performance parameters analysed were: total distance covered (TD), high-intensity running distance (HIR), very high-intensity running distance (VHIR), total distance with the bait (TDB), high-intensity running distance with the bait (HIRB), and very high-intensity running distance with the bait (VHIRB). The number of skill involvements was also measured. The players from the more successful teams covered greater TDB and HIRB and also had more involvements with the bat[, completed more short passes, successful short passes, tackles, dribbling, shots and shots on target compared to the less successful teams (P<0.01). A significant decline (P<0.01) between the first and second half was found for both physical performance and some technical scores (involvements with the ball, short passes and successful short passes). This study showed a decline in technical and physical performance between the first and second half, and that both physical performance and technical skills were different between players from more successful and less successful teams.

Rampinini, E, Sassi, A, Morelli, A, Mazzoni, S, Fanchini, M & Coutts, AJ 2009, 'Repeated-sprint ability in professional and amateur soccer players', APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM-PHYSIOLOGIE APPLIQUEE NUTRITION ET METABOLISME, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1048-1054.
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This study investigated the repeated-sprint ability (RSA) physiological responses to a standardized, high-intensity, intermittent running test (HIT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max)s do not display in the abstract in HTML. For that reason, it is displayed as "V" here, but in the text., and oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in male soccer players (professional (N = 12) and amateur (N = 11)) of different playing standards. The relationships between each of these factors and RSA performance were determined. Mean RSA time (RSAmean) and RSA decrement were related to the physiological responses to HIT (blood lactate concentration ([La]), r = 0.66 and 0.77; blood bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]), r = -0.71 and -0.75; and blood hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]),r = 0.61 and 0.73; all p < 0.05), VO2 max (r = -0.45 and -0.65, p < 0.05), and time constant () in VO2 kinetics (r = 0.62 and 0.62, p < 0.05). VO2 max was not different between playing standards (58.5 ± 4.0 vs. 56.3 ± 4.5 mL·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.227); however, the professional players demonstrated better RSAmean (7.17 ± 0.09 vs. 7.41 ± 0.19 s; p = 0.001), lower [La-] (5.7 ± 1.5 vs. 8.2 ± 2.2 mmol·L-1; p = 0.004), lower [H+] (46.5 ± 5.3 vs. 52.2 ± 3.4 mmol·L-1; p = 0.007), and higher [HCO3] (20.1 ± 2.1 vs. 17.7 ± 1.7 mmol·L-1; p = 0.006) after the HIT, and a shorter in VO2 kinetics (27.2 ± 3.5 vs. 32.3 ± 6.0 s; p = 0.019). These results show that RSA performance, the physiological response to the HIT, and differentiate between professional- and amateur-standard soccer players. Our results also show that RSA performance is related to VO2 max, , and selected physiological responses to a standardized, high-intensity, intermittent exercise.

Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 2009, 'Pooling for Combination of Multilevel Forecasts', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1753-1766.
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Rodgers, KJ, Ford, JL & Brunk, UT 2009, 'Heat shock proteins: keys to healthy ageing?', REDOX REPORT, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 147-153.
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Organisms produce reactive species throughout their lives, and this may result in damage to proteins and other biological molecules. Oxidatively damaged proteins are normally selectively degraded and replaced, but this process appears to be less efficien

Rowsell, GJ, Coutts, AJ, Reaburn, P & Hill-Haas, S 2009, 'Effects of cold-water immersion on physical performance between successive matches in high-performance junior male soccer players', JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 565-573.
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In this study, we investigated the effect of water immersion on physical test performance and perception of fatigue/recovery during a 4-day simulated soccer tournament. Twenty high-performance junior male soccer players (age 15.90.6 years) played four matches in 4 days and undertook either cold-water immersion (100.5C) or thermoneutral water immersion (340.5C) after each match. Physical performance tests (countermovement jump height, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion after a standard 5-min run and 1220-m repeated sprint test), intracellular proteins, and inflammatory markers were recorded approximately 90min before each match and 22h after the final match. Perceptual measures of recovery (physical, mental, leg soreness, and general fatigue) were recorded 22h after each match. There were non-significant reductions in countermovement jump height (1.7-7.3%, P=0.74, 2=0.34) and repeated sprint ability (1.0-2.1%, P=0.41, 2=0.07) over the 4-day tournament with no differences between groups. Post-shuttle run rating of perceived exertion increased over the tournament in both groups (P0.001, 2=0.48), whereas the perceptions of leg soreness (P=0.004, 2=0.30) and general fatigue (P=0.007, 2=0.12) were lower in the cold-water immersion group than the thermoneutral immersion group over the tournament. Creatine kinase (P=0.004, 2=0.26) and lactate dehydrogenase (P0.001, 2=0.40) concentrations increased in both groups but there were no changes over time for any inflammatory markers. These results suggest that immediate post-match cold-water immersion does not affect physical test performance or indices of muscle damage and inflammation but does reduce the perception of general fatigue and leg soreness between matches in tournaments.

Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 2009, 'A framework for machine learning based on dynamic physical fields', Natural Computing, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 219-237.
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Despite recent successes and advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, this domain remains under continuous challenge and guidance from phenomena and processes observed in natural world. Humans remain unsurpassed in their efficiency of dealing and learning from uncertain information coming in a variety of forms, whereas more and more robust learning and optimisation algorithms have their analytical engine built on the basis of some nature-inspired phenomena. Excellence of neural networks and kernel-based learning methods, an emergence of particle-, swarms-, and social behaviour-based optimisation methods are just few of many facts indicating a trend towards greater exploitation of nature inspired models and systems. This work intends to demonstrate how a simple concept of a physical field can be adopted to build a complete framework for supervised and unsupervised learning methodology. An inspiration for artificial learning has been found in the mechanics of physical fields found on both micro and macro scales. Exploiting the analogies between data and charged particles subjected to gravity, electrostatic and gas particle fields, a family of new algorithms has been developed and applied to classification, clustering and data condensation while properties of the field were further used in a unique visualisation of classification and classifier fusion models. The paper covers extensive pictorial examples and visual interpretations of the presented techniques along with some comparative testing over well-known real and artificial datasets. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.

Salama, RO, Traini, D, Chan, H-K, Sung, A, Ammit, AJ & Young, PM 2009, 'Preparation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Microparticles for Respiratory Protein Therapy', JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 2709-2717.
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Seidel, P, Merfort, I, Hughes, JM, Oliver, BGG, Tamm, M & Roth, M 2009, 'Dimethylfumarate inhibits NF-kappa B function at multiple levels to limit airway smooth muscle cell cytokine secretion', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 297, no. 2, pp. L326-L339.
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The antipsoriatic dimethylfumarate (DMF) has been anecdotically reported to reduce asthma symptoms and to improve quality of life of asthma patients. DMF decreases the expression of proinflammatory mediators by inhibiting the transcription factor NF-κB and might therefore be of interest for the therapy of inflammatory lung diseases. In this study, we determined the effect of DMF on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB- and TNFα-induced asthma-relevant cytokines and NF-κB activation by primary human asthmatic and nonasthmatic airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Confluent nonasthmatic and asthmatic ASMC were incubated with DMF (0.1-100 μM) and/or dexamethasone (0.0001-0.1 μM), NF-κB p65 siRNA (100 nM), the NF-κB inhibitor helenalin (1 μM) before stimulation with PDGF-BB or TNFα (10 ng/ml). Cytokine release was measured by ELISA. NF-κB, mitogen and stress-activated kinase (MSK-1), and CREB activation was determined by immunoblotting and EMSA. TNFα-induced eotaxin, RANTES, and IL-6 as well as PDGF-BB-induced IL-6 expression was inhibited by DMF and by dexamethasone from asthmatic and nonasthmatic ASMC, but the combination of both drugs showed no glucocorticoid sparing effect in either of the two groups. NF-κB p65 siRNA and/or the NF-κB inhibitor helenalin reduced PDGF-BB- and TNFα-induced cytokine expression, suggesting the involvement of NF-κB signaling. DMF inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear entry, and NF-κB-DNA complex formation, whereas PDGF-BB appeared not to activate NF-κB within 60 min. Both stimuli induced the phosphorylation of MSK-1, NF-κB p65 at Ser276, and CREB, and all were inhibited by DMF. These data suggest that DMF downregulates cytokine secretion not only by inhibiting NF-κB but a wider range of NF-κB-linked signaling proteins, which may explain its potential beneficial effect in asthma. Copyright © 2009 the American Physiological Society.

Shiraev, T, Chen, H & Morris, MJ 2009, 'Differential Effects of Restricted Versus Unlimited High‐Fat Feeding in Rats on Fat Mass, Plasma Hormones and Brain Appetite Regulators', Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 602-609.
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The rapid rise in obesity has been linked to altered food consumption patterns. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to total energy intake, the macronutrient composition of the diet may influence the development of obesity. The present study aimed to examine the impact of high dietary fat content, under both isocaloric and hypercaloric conditions, compared with a low fat diet, on adiposity, glucose and lipid metabolism, and brain appetite regulators in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to one of three diets: control (14% fat), ad lib high‐fat palatable (HFD, 35% fat) or high‐fat palatable restricted (HFD‐R, matched to the energy intake of control) and were killed in the fasting state 11 weeks later. Body weight was increased by 28% in unrestricted HFD fed rats, with an almost tripling of caloric intake and fat mass (P < 0.001) and double the plasma triglycerides of controls. Glucose intolerance and increased insulin levels were observed. HFD‐R animals calorie matched to control had double their fat mass, plasma insulin and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Only ad lib consumption of the HFD increased the hypothalamic mRNA expression of the appetite‐regulating peptides, neuropeptide Y and pro‐opiomelanocortin. Although restricted consumption of palatable HFD had no significant impact on hypothalamic appetite regulators or body weight, it increased adiposity and circulating triglycerides, suggesting that the proportion of dietary fat, independent of caloric intake, affects fat deposition and the metabolic profile.

Sim, K, Li, J, Gopalkrishnan, V & Liu, G 2009, 'Mining maximal quasi‐bicliques: Novel algorithm and applications in the stock market and protein networks', Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 255-273.
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AbstractSeveral real‐world applications require mining of bicliques, as they represent correlated pairs of data clusters. However, the mining quality is adversely affected by missing and noisy data. Moreover, some applications only require strong interactions between data members of the pairs, but bicliques are pairs that display complete interactions. We address these two limitations by proposing maximal quasi‐bicliques. Maximal quasi‐bicliques tolerate erroneous and missing data, and also relax the interactions between the data members of their pairs. Besides, maximal quasi‐bicliques do not suffer from skewed distribution of missing edges that prior quasi‐bicliques have. We develop an algorithm MQBminer, which mines the complete set of maximal quasi‐bicliques from either bipartite or non‐bipartite graphs. We demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of maximal quasi‐bicliques to discover highly correlated pairs of data in two diverse real‐world datasets. First, we propose to solve a novel financial stocks analysis problem using maximal quasi‐bicliques to co‐cluster stocks and financial ratios. Results show that the stocks in our co‐clusters usually have significant correlations in their price performance. Second, we use maximal quasi‐bicliques on a mining protein network problem and we show that pairs of protein groups mined by maximal quasi‐bicliques are more significant than those mined by maximal bicliques. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company

Sivabalan, P, Booth, P, Malmi, T & Brown, DA 2009, 'An exploratory study of operational reasons to budget', ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 849-871.
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Budgets are used widely but criticized, mainly for performance evaluation reasons. We find that organizations regard budgets as more important for planning and control than evaluation, thus proposing a rationale for their continued use irrespective of evaluation-based criticisms. This finding is also important, because most extant budget research focuses on evaluation, suggesting a potential disconnect between budget research and practice. We also find that rolling forecasts are used in tandem with the annual budget in most organizations, and for the same reasons. This was unexpected, as coexistence suggests their adoption for different reasons. © 2009 AFAANZ.

Stelzer-Braid, S, Oliver, BG, Blazey, AJ, Argent, E, Newsome, TP, Rawlinson, WD & Tovey, ER 2009, 'Exhalation of Respiratory Viruses by Breathing, Coughing, and Talking', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 1674-1679.
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There is a lack of quantitative information about the generation of virus aerosols by infected subjects. The exhaled aerosols generated by coughing, talking, and breathing were sampled in 50 subjects using a novel mask, and analyzed using PCR for nine respiratory viruses. The exhaled samples from a subset of 10 subjects who were PCR positive for rhinovirus were also examined by cell culture for this virus. Of the 50 subjects, among the 33 with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, 21 had at least one virus detected by PCR, while amongst the 17 asymptomatic subjects, 4 had a virus detected by PCR. Overall, rhinovirus was detected in 19 subjects, influenza in 4 subjects, parainfluenza in 2 subjects, and human metapneumovirus in 1 subject. Two subjects were co-infected. Of the 25 subjects who had virus-positive nasal mucus, the same virus type was detected in 12 breathing samples, 8 talking samples, and in 2 coughing samples. In the subset of exhaled samples from 10 subjects examined by culture, infective rhinovirus was detected in 2. These data provide further evidence that breathing may be a source of respirable particles carrying infectious virus. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Styrkarsdottir, U, Halldorsson, BV, Gretarsdottir, S, Gudbjartsson, DF, Walters, GB, Ingvarsson, T, Jonsdottir, T, Saemundsdottir, J, Snorradóttir, S, Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Alexandersen, P, Gulcher, JR, Eisman, JA, Christiansen, C, Sigurdsson, G, Kong, A, Thorsteinsdottir, U & Stefansson, K 2009, 'New sequence variants associated with bone mineral density', Nature Genetics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 15-17.
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Su, SW, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV, Nguyen, HT, Cheng, TM, Guo, Y & Wang, L 2009, 'Transient and steady state estimation of human oxygen uptake based on noninvasive portable sensor measurements', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1111-1117.
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The main motivation of this study is to establish an ambulatory cardio-respiratory analysis system for the monitoring and evaluation of exercise and regular daily physical activity. We explored the estimation of oxygen uptake by using noninvasive portable sensors. These sensors are easy to use but may suffer from malfunctions under free living environments. A promising solution is to combine sensors with different measuring mechanisms to improve both reliability and accuracy of the estimation results. For this purpose, we selected a wireless heart rate sensor and a tri-axial accelerometer to form a complementary sensor platform. We analyzed the relationship between oxygen uptake measured by gas analysis and data collected from the simple portable sensors using multivariable nonlinear modeling approaches. It was observed that the resulting nonlinear multivariable model could not only achieve a better estimate compared with single input single output models, but also had greater potential to improve reliability.

Subramony, SH, Nguyen, TV, Langford, L, Lin, X, Parent, AD & Zhang, J 2009, 'Identification of a new form of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia', Clinical Genetics, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 113-116.
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Taylor, T, Lock, D & Darcy, S 2009, 'The Janus face of diversity in Australian sport', Sport in Society, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 861-875.
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In this essay, Janus is used as a metaphor for examining the nature of cultural diversity in Australian sport. It does so by firstly presenting a historical context for sport in Australia and the relative lack of cultural diversity found in sport. Within a country dominated by the running codes of football and cricket, the position of soccer in Australia was somewhat unique as it became a bastion for many non-Anglo migrant groups. However, in the 1980s and 1990s soccer's lack of organizational success at the state and national level was negatively ascribed to the tensions between the ethnically affiliated clubs, the same clubs that were ironically the stalwarts driving the growing popularity of the sport. We examine the initiatives used to restructure the game in Australia to make football more appealing to mainstream (i.e. non-ethnically aligned) spectators. The contemporary situation is explored through secondary documentation and the results of a survey of 3,056 spectators undertaken during the first season of the new A-League are presented. The essay concludes with a discussion about the relative success of the restructure in terms of changing the face of Australian soccer. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.

Teymourtash, AR & Ebrahimi Warkiani, M 2009, 'Natural convection over a non-isothermal vertical flat plate in supercritical fluids', Scientia Iranica, vol. 16, no. 6 B, pp. 470-478.
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In many applications, convection heat transfer is coupled with conduction and radiation heat transfer, which generate temperature gradients along the walls and may greatly affect natural convection heat transfer. The main objective of this study is to calculate the heat-transfer characteristics for natural convection from a non-isothermal vertical flat plate into a supercritical fluid. The influence of the non-uniformity of wall temperature on the heat transfer by natural convection along a vertical plate, having a linearly distributed temperature (characterized by the slope S) is also investigated. The thermal expansion coefficient is considered as a function of the temperature, the pressure, the van der Waals constants and the compressibility factor. The trends of the curves obtained with this equation and with values from tables of thermodynamic properties were similar and diverged at a critical point. These features confirmed the validity of this equation. Then, the governing systems of partial differential equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. The local Nusselt number was then calculated and plotted as a function of the local Rayleigh number. It was observed that a positive slope of temperature distribution increases the heat transfer rate and a negative slope decreases it. © Sharif University of Technology, December 2009.

Teymourtash, AR & Warkiani, ME 2009, 'Natural Convection over a Non-Isothermal Vertical Flat Plate in Supercritical Fluids', SCIENTIA IRANICA TRANSACTION B-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 470-478.

Thompson, AM, Dunlop, RA, Dean, RT & Rodgers, KJ 2009, 'Evidence that DOPA-Derivatives are Generated After L-DOPA Incorporation into Proteins by Mammalian Cells', JOURNAL OF ADHESION, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 561-575.
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The adhesive and cohesive properties of the amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) have been widely explored as a potential material for adhesion, based, among other things, on the biological system of blue mussel extracellular byssal threads and

Thornton-Benko, E, Nguyen, HT, Hung, WT & Thornton, BS 2009, 'Improved observer dependent perception of weak edges when scanning an image in real time indicated by introducing 1/f noise into the primary visual cortex V1. Theory and experimental support', AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 136-149.
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We present results of a new process for generating 1/f type noise sequences and introducing the noise in the primary visual cortex which then enables improved perception of weak edges when an observer is scanning a complex image in real time to detect detail such as in mammogram reading sessions. It can be explained by an adaptation of information theory for functional rather than previous task-based methods for formulating processes for edge formation in early vision. This is enabled from a two "species" classification of the interaction of opposing on-centre and off-centre neuron processes. We show that non-stationary stochastic resonances predicted by theory can occur with 1/f noise in the primary visual cortex VI and suggest that signalling exchanges between VI and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus can initiate neural activity for saccadic action (and observer attention) for weak edge perception. Improvements predicted by our theory were shown from 600 observations by two groups of observers of limited experience and an experienced radiologist for reference (but not for diagnosis). They scanned and rated the definition of microcalcification in clusters separately rated by the experienced radiologist. The results and supporting theory showed dependence on the observer's attention and orderly scanning. Using a compact simplified equipment configuration the methodology has important clinical applications for conjunction searches of features and for detection of objects in poor light conditions for vehicles.

Tran, BNH, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Enhancement of Absolute Fracture Risk Prognosis with Genetic Marker: The Collagen I Alpha 1 Gene', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 379-388.
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Tuckett, A, Parker, D, Eley, RM & Hegney, D 2009, '‘I love nursing, but..’– qualitative findings from Australian aged‐care nurses about their intrinsic, extrinsic and social work values', International Journal of Older People Nursing, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 307-317.
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Aim.  The aim of this qualitative analysis – a component of a larger survey study, was to provide insights and understandings about intrinsic and extrinsic work values for nurses in aged‐care.Background.  Intrinsic and extrinsic work values impact on nurses’ job satisfaction and ultimately nursing retention. This study contributes further to knowledge development in this area by building on a previous work values study in aged‐care nursing.Methods.  This paper presents the qualitative research findings from the final open‐ended question from a survey of nurses employed in the aged‐care sector in the State of Queensland, Australia in 2007. Data from a cohort of 105 aged care sector nurses was analysed relying on deductive content analysis.Findings.  Two intrinsic work values emerged – low morale and images of nursing and two extrinsic work values emerged – remuneration and working conditions. The work value ‘working conditions’ comprised four aspects of aged‐care work, specifically staff turnover, workplace violence, care team membership specifically the Assistants‐in‐Nursing and paperwork. A single social workplace value ‘support by management’ is discussed as identified as important to these nurses.Conclusion.  Qualitative insights into aged‐care nurses’ intrinsic and extrinsic work values suggest that work satisfaction is low. Workforce policy makers and employers of nurses in aged‐care need to comprehend the relationship between job satisfaction, retention and work values.Relevance to clinical practice.  These findings have implications for recruitment, retention and workforce planning within the aged‐care environment.

Wallace, LK, Slattery, KM & Coutts, AJ 2009, 'THE ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY AND APPLICATION OF THE SESSION-RPE METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING TRAINING LOADS IN SWIMMING', JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 33-38.
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Wallace, LK, Slattery, KM, and Coutts, AJ. The ecological validity and application of the session-RPE method for quantifying training loads in swimming. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 33-38, 2009-There are few practical methods available for evaluating training loads (TL) during swimming. The purpose of this study was to examine the ecological validity of the sessionrating of perceived exertion (RPE) method for quantifying internal TL in competitive swimmers using heart rate (HR)- based methods and distance as criterion measures. This study also examined the correspondence between athlete and coach perceptions of internal TL using the session-RPE method. Twelve (six male, six female) well-trained swimmers (mean ± SD: age 22.3 ± 3.1 years, weight 71.8 ± 11.6 kg, height 175.0 ± 9.0 cm) participated in this study. All subjects completed a swimming step test to evaluate individual HR zones and blood lactate profile before undertaking 20 swim training sessions where RPE, HR, and distance covered were recorded. Training load was then calculated for each session using the session-RPE, HR-based methods, and session distance. The session-RPE scores were correlated to HR-based methods for measuring internal TL as well as training distance for each swimmer. All individual correlations between session-RPE, HR-based methods (r = 0.55-0.94; p < 0.05), and distance measures (r = 0.37-0.81; p < 0.05) were significant. Two-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant interaction for training intensity × coach-athlete perception, indicating that coach RPE was lower than athlete RPE for low-intensity sessions and higher than athlete RPE at high-intensity sessions. The results of this study suggest that session-RPE may provide a practical, noninvasive method for quantifying internal TL in competitive swimmers. © 2009 National Strength and Conditioning Association.

Wang, L, Su, SW, Celler, BG, Chan, GSH, Cheng, TM & Savkin, AV 2009, 'Assessing the human cardiovascular response to moderate exercise: feature extraction by support vector regression', PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 227-244.
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This study aims to quantitatively describe the steady-state relationships among percentage changes in key central cardiovascular variables (i.e. stroke volume, heart rate (HR), total peripheral resistance and cardiac output), measured using non-invasive means, in response to moderate exercise, and the oxygen uptake rate, using a new nonlinear regression approachâsupport vector regression.

Weckmann, M, Oliver & Trian 2009, 'Reconstruction is not renovation &ndash; the role of remodeling in asthma', Journal of Asthma and Allergy, no. 2, pp. 33-33.
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The chronicity of asthma results not only in persistent lung inflammation but also in changes in structure and composition of this vital organ. These changes are most commonly referred to as remodeling, and include epithelial dysplasia, angiogenesis, changes in the extracellular matrix and increased smooth muscle mass. In this review we summarize recent findings on the contribution of remodeling to the pathological phenotype of asthma. We discuss how and why current treatment (such as corticosteroids) options fail to adequately treat remodeling. © 2009 Weckmann et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.

Whitty, AG, Murphy, AJ, Coutts, AJ & Watsford, ML 2009, 'Factors associated with the selection of the freely chosen cadence in non-cyclists', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 106, no. 5, pp. 705-712.
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The purpose of this study was to examine both the freely chosen cadence (FCC) and the physical variables associated with cadence selection in non-cyclists. Eighteen participants pedalled at 40, 50, and 60% of their maximal power output (determined by a maximal oxygen uptake test, W (max)), whilst cadence (50, 65, 80, 95, 110 rpm, and FCC) was manipulated. Gross efficiency, was used to analyse the most economical cadence whilst central and peripheral ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to measure the most comfortable cadence and the cadence whereby muscle strain was minimised. Peak (T (peak)), mean crank torque (T (mean)) and the crank torque profile were analysed at 150 and 200 W at cadences of 50, 65, 80, 95, and 110 rpm in order to determine the mechanical load. FCC was found to be approximately 80 rpm at all workloads and was significantly higher than the most economical cadence (50 rpm). At 60% W (max), RPE peripheral was minimised at 80 rpm which coincided with the FCC. Both T (peak) and T (mean) decreased as cadence increased and, conversely, increased as power output increased. An analysis of the crank torque profile showed that the crank angle at both the top (DPtop) and the bottom (DPbot) dead point of the crank cycle at 80 rpm occurred later in the cycling revolution when compared to 50 rpm. The findings suggested that the FCC in non-cyclists was more closely related to variables that minimise muscle strain and mechanical load than those associated with minimising metabolic economy.

Wirth, MA, Klotz, C, Deffenbaugh, DL, McNulty, D, Richards, L & Tipper, JL 2009, 'Cross-linked glenoid prosthesis: A wear comparison to conventional glenoid prosthesis with wear particulate analysis', Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 130-137.
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Yao, S, Li, J & Shi, Z 2009, 'Phosphate Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution Using an Iron Oxide-Coated Fly Ash Adsorbent', Adsorption Science & Technology, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 603-614.
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Yuan, C, Jin, Z, Tipper, JL & Yan, X 2009, 'Numerical surface characterization of wear debris from artificial joints using atomic force microscopy', Science Bulletin, vol. 54, no. 24, pp. 4583-4588.
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Yunusa, IAM, Braun, M & Lawrie, R 2009, 'Amendment of soil with coal fly ash modified the burrowing habits of two earthworm species', Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 63-68.
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A good understanding of how soil biota responds to amendment of agricultural soils with coal fly ash is imperative to developing protocols for routine use of this industrial by-product for soilmanagement. We used X-ray computed tomography (CT) images to determined key structural characteristics of burrows created by earthworms of native megascolecid and exotic Aporrectodea trapezoides in intact soil cores (150 mm ID by 0.3 m deep) that were treated with coal fly ash at 0, 5 or 25 Mg ha1 mixed into the top 50 mm of the cores. The cores were inoculated at a rate equivalent to 850 worms m2 and after 6 weeks we found that fly ash reduced the total volume of the burrow system (Vs) by up to 39% for the native species and 29% for the exotic species due mostly to fewer and smaller burrows; these reductions averaged 33% with addition of ash at 5 Mg ha1 and 39% at 25 Mg ha1. While the native earthworms responded to treatment by burrowing deeper into the soil core and away from the ash-tainted surface soil, the exotic species reduced the depth of burrowing and remained close to the surface. Fly ash addition did not have significant effect on tortuosity (t) of the burrows for either earthworm species. A. trapezoides created predominantly vertical burrows, while the native megascolecid worms produced more horizontally oriented burrows in addition to vertical ones. These modifications of earthworm behavior by fly ash addition to soil, along with previous experience with plant growth, suggest that an ash application rate of 5 Mg ha1is close to optimum for routine agronomic applications. Structural analysis of the burrows as presented in this paper provide more useful information on the response of earthworm behaviour to fly ash that may not be apparent from an assessment of population and growth of these important soil biota.

Zeng, X, Pei, J, Wang, K & Li, J 2009, 'PADS: a simple yet effective pattern-aware dynamic search method for fast maximal frequent pattern mining', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 375-391.
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While frequent pattern mining is fundamental for many data mining tasks, mining maximal frequent patterns efficiently is important in both theory and applications of frequent pattern mining. The fundamental challenge is how to search a large space of ite

Zhang, J, Yang, C, Huang, C, Li, Y, Dai, N, Lu, P, Jiang, Z, Chen, W & Li, J 2009, '10 W CW ytterbium-doped fiber laser with 4 × 1 fused fiber bundle combiner', Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 61-63.
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Zilberg, E, Xu, ZM, Burton, D, Karrar, M & Lal, S 2009, 'Statistical validation of physiological indicators for non-invasive and hybrid driver drowsiness detection system', African Journal of Information & Communication Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1-9.
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A hybrid system for detecting driver drowsiness was examined by using piezofilm movement sensors integrated into the car seat, seat belt and steering wheel. Statistical associations between increase in the driver drowsiness and the non-invasive and conventional physiological indicators were investigated. Statistically significant associations were established for the analysed physiological indicators – car seat movement magnitude and (electroencephalogram) EEG alpha band power percentage. All of the associastions were physiologically plausible with increase in probability of drowsiness associated with increases in the EEG alpha band power percentage and reduction in the seat movement magnitude. Adding a non-invasive measure such as seat movement magnitude to any combination of the EEG derived physiological predictors always resulted in improvement of associations. These findings can serve as a foundation for designing the vehicle-based fatigue countermeasure device as well as highlight potential difficulties and limitations of detection algorithm for such devices.

Ahmad, NF, Hoang, DB, Phung, MH & IEEE 1970, 'Robust Preprocessing for Health Care Monitoring Framework', 2009 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-HEALTH NETWORKING, APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES (HEALTHCOM 2009), IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, IEEE Communications Society, Sydney Australia, pp. 169-174.
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Remote health care monitoring is an emerging application that helps to reduce the cost of health care and at the same time improve its quality. However, by its nature, medical sensor data is often unreliable and massive as the data is collected from numerous sensors operating in noisy environments. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of the sensor data and the scalability of the health care monitoring services are among major challenge and is a determining factor in success of the system. In this paper, we propose a robust and flexible processing module as part of an active health care monitoring framework. It is responsible for preparing the sensor data and performing some initial assessment of the data for input to later modules. The proposed preprocessing architecture contains five stages ; validation, transformation, cleaning, reduction and cross-verification. The module is evaluated using synthetic blood pressure data.

Alkhouri, H, Roth, M, Oliver, B, Armour, CL & Hughes, JM 1970, 'Role of C/EBP-Isoforms in IP-10 and IL-6 Production by Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells.', D108. INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS: OLD AND NEW PLAYERS, American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California, American Thoracic Society.
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Ammit, AJ, Manetsch, M, Ramsay, EE & Ge, Q 1970, 'Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Upregulation by Corticosteroids/β₂-Agonists.', B109. AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE PHENOTYPE AND FUNCTION, American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California, American Thoracic Society.
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Beck, C, Miro, JV, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Trajectory Optimisation for Increased Stability of Mobile Robots Operating in Uneven Terrains', 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation, IEEE, Christchurch, NZ, pp. 1913-1919.
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A mechanism capable of enhancing the safety of paths followed by mobile robots which significantly modify their mass distribution while operating in uneven terrains is presented. This is the case, for instance, of kinematically reconfigurable platforms or robots equipped with manipulator arms. For a given path, a trajectory optimiser that finds suitably 'safer' paths in terms of tip-over prevention and equal force distribution over the supporting contact points is proposed. Other kinematic considerations such as operating within given nominal joint positions or low energy motions can also be exploited to improve system stability while being deployed in specific domains such as security, rescue, etc. Simulation results of the proposed optimised motion planner for an iRobot Explorer tracked vehicle are presented. They are also compared with a non-optimised planners to show the validity of the approach. ©2009 IEEE.

Beck, D & Wong, STC 1970, 'Conference Scene: Wake-up call for the engineering and biomedical science communities in nanomedicine', Nanomedicine, Future Medicine Ltd, pp. 515-517.
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The IEEE-NIH 4th Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop 2009 (LiSSA ’09) was jointly organized by the IEEE LiSSA Technical Committee and the NIH Nano Task Force. It was endorsed by the NIH Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative (BISTI) and the National Library of Medicine. The workshop was held in the Natcher Conference Center on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD, USA. It took place on the 9–10 April, 2009, during the NIH NanoWeek and had approximately 200 delegates from around the globe (including North America, Europe, Asia and Australia) from both engineering and biomedical science disciplines. The conference featured around 40 talks, including nine plenary speakers emphasizing current state-of-the-art nanotechnology practices, developments and industry applications. All talks were scheduled in three oral and seven special sessions, as well as three breakout sessions. In addition, the interactive poster sessions hosted over 30 abstracts and attracted much attention from the audience; these sessions were readily used by many attendees to connect with colleagues of similar interest. In this article, we provide some of the highlights from the workshop.

Beck, D, Zhou, X, Pham, T, Sabatini, B & Wong, STC 1970, 'An image driven systems biology approach for neurodegenerative disease studies in the TSC-mTOR pathway', 2009 IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop, 2009 IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop (LiSSA) Formerly known as LSSA and, IEEE, pp. 36-39.
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In this brief paper we present an overview of the TSC-mTOR pathway and its importance in neurodegenerative disease (ND). We illustrate the influence of ND on dendritic spine morphology. Then we discuss some details of functional gene networks (FGN) and use this information to propose an image driven systems biology approach for the construction of a FGN for ND. We conclude on its importance and the prospective outcome of our study. © 2009 IEEE.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, D 1970, 'Network Security Considerations for a New Generation Protocol UDT', 2009 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3, IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, IEEE Communications Society, Beijing China, pp. 125-130.
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This paper evaluates security issues of the recently designed and implemented next generation protocol UDTv4 and offers two contributions to this area of research. Firstly, since UDT is a relatively new protocol, its security requirements have not been considered and explored. An examination investigating its security requirements in implementation is performed. The objective is to achieve a wide class of security methods used on existing mature protocols such as TCP and UDP, and other developed variants such as DCCP and STCP. This will assist investigators, designers, and users who consider and incorporate security when implementing UDT. Secondly, it aims to provide ways of securing applications and traffic using UDT protocol as well as making recommendations for adequate methods to address its security requirements. This will highlight UDT's security limitations and determine the threshold of feasible security schemes within the constraints under which UDT was designed and developed.

Bernardo, DV, Chua, BB & Hoang, D 1970, 'Quantitative security risk assessment (SRA) method: An empirical case study', 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), IEEE, Comibatore, India, pp. 972-977.
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This paper introduces a novel approach to a more practical Quantitative SRA. The approach formalized in this paper is based on the methods described in various risk assessment frameworks that were described by existing international standards with adjustments combining qualitative and ranking method based on distance-based approach. The successful implementation of this approach in four organizations provides an alternative conventional means of performing a more practical Quantitative SRA, in a manner consistent with current set of standards and practices.

Brakel, JW, Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, ''From the hippocratic oath to electronic data storage': Ethical aspects for m-health projects in Australia', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Health 2009, Part of the IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2009, International Association for Development of the Information Society International Conference, IADIS Press, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 115-122.
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This paper discusses the issue of ethics when it comes to trialling m-health applications in a hospital environment in Australia. Our team has developed a personalised health monitoring application for smart phones using wireless biosensors to monitor and instruct patients. This paper discusses some of the Australian guidelines regarding ethical aspects of running technological trials of such mobile health projects on cardiac patients. Ethical issues regarding mobile health projects can be generally divided in two parts. The first one concerns any potential dangers to the patient's health. Although testing can also be done on healthy test subjects, the best way to acquire real-life test-data is to perform tests on actual cardiac patients. The second one is the privacy aspect in the doctor-patient relationship as some patients do not want to be identified as having a disease or do not want to have their records kept on file and used in scientific publications. Nevertheless, to show the benefits of this personalized m-health monitoring, a technical trial has to be conducted and research data needs to be published in a verifiable way. This paper gives an introduction into ethical regulations, organizations and issues in Australia. It describes, in detail, the issues involved in conducting technical trials in Australian hospitals. The paper gives several recommendations on how to deal with ethics in personalised m-health monitoring projects. © 2009 IADIS.

Chan, KY, Yiu, KFC, Low, SY, Nordholm, S & Ling, SH 1970, 'Speech recognition enhancement using beamforming and a genetic algorithm', NSS: 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK AND SYSTEM SECURITY, International Conference on network and System Security, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 510-515.
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This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based beamformer to optimize speech recognition accuracy for a pre-trained speech recognizer. The proposed beamformer is designed to tackle the non-differentiable and non-linear natures of speech recognition by employing the GA algorithm to search for the optimal beamformer weights. Specifically, a population of beamformer weights is reproduced by crossover and mutation until the optimal beamformer weights are obtained. Results show that the speech recognition accuracies can be greatly improved even in noisy environments. © 2009 IEEE.

Chen, P & Li, J 1970, 'Prediction of protein long-range contacts using GaMC approach with sequence profile centers', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshop, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshop, BIBMW, IEEE, pp. 128-135.
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In this paper, we apply an evolutionary optimization classifier, referred to as genetic algorithm-based multiple classifier (GaMC), to the long-range contacts prediction. As a result, about 44.1% contacts between long-range residues (with a sequence separation of at least 24 amino acids) are founded around the sequence profile (SP) centre when evaluating the top L/5 (L is the sequence length of protein) classified contacts if the SP centers are known. Meanwhile, with the knowledge of sequence profile center and the GaMC method, about 20.42% long-range contacts are correctly predicted. Results showed that SP center may be a sound pathway to predict contact map in protein structures. ©2009 IEEE.

Dalvand, H, Nguyen, HT & Ha, QP 1970, 'Design of Second-Order Sliding Mode Controllers for MR Damper-Embedded Smart Structures', Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2009), 26th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Austin USA, pp. 332-340.
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Design of a current controlled system for MR damper-embedded civil structures

Darcy, SA 1970, 'Accommodation accessibility criteria: Towards improving accessible accommodation information formats', Travel and Tourism Research Association 4th Annual Conference Proceedings, TTRA, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1-10.

De Abreu Lourenco, R 1970, 'A time-trade-off study comparing intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of octreotide for acromegaly or carcinoid syndrome', New Orleans.

Eager, D & Chapman, C 1970, 'A portable data acquisition system for the measurement of impact attenuation material properties', IFMBE Proceedings, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 148-151.
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A variety impact attenuating materials are used for injury prevention and risk minimization in a variety of applications, including children's playground surface, padding for trampoline frames, padding at the entrance and exit of inflatables, at the base of artificial climbing structures, and many other fall-zone applications. This paper details the development and description of a cordless impact measurement system. The electronics include a microprocessor based system located within the missile that controls the sampling, collates and processes the data prior to transmission. The data is then transmitted via a wireless connection to the laptop where it is imported via a custom driver into LabVIEW to undergo further post-processing and display in a user friendly GUI. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Eastwood, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'A Non-sequential Representation of Sequential Data for Churn Prediction', KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT I, PROCEEDINGS, 13th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Univ Chile, Fac Phys Sci & Math, Santiago, CHILE, pp. 209-218.
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Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Excess of post-fracture mortality among men and women: A relative survival analysis', Bone, 2nd Joint Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society/Australian-New-Zealand-Bone-and-Mineral-Society, Elsevier BV, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. S104-S104.
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Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Misdiagnosis of osteoporosis based on a single bone mineral density measurement', Bone, 2nd Joint Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society/Australian-New-Zealand-Bone-and-Mineral-Society, Elsevier BV, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. S104-S105.
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Gabrys, B 1970, 'Learning with Missing or Incomplete Data', IMAGE ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING - ICIAP 2009, PROCEEDINGS, 15th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2009), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Vietri sul Mare, ITALY, pp. 1-4.
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Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P & Barin, E 1970, 'A mobile rehabilitation application for the remote monitoring of cardiac patients after a heart attack or a coronary bypass surgery.', PETRA, International Conference on PErvsive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, ACM, Corfu, Greece, pp. 1-7.
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This paper describes a personalised rehabilitation application using a smart phone (PDA) and wireless (bio) sensors. It instructs and motivates patients to follow their exercise programme and keeps track of their progress. It also monitors the relevant biosignals and provides immediate feedback to the patient. Sensors transmit data to the mobile phone where it is analysed locally and the data can also be instantaneously transmitted to a healthcare centre for remote monitoring by a health professional. The rehabilitation application is personalised for each cardiac patient and provides tailored advice (e.g. exercise more, slow down). A trial with a rehabilitation centre is in progress in which we investigate whether the personalised rehabilitation application improves the success of the rehabilitation programme in terms of patient compliance with recommended life style changes (such as increase physical activity or lose weight) and whether use of the system brings peace of mind to cardiac patients.

Ge, Q, Oliver, BGG, Moir, LM, Lau, EMT, Black, JL & Burgess, JK 1970, 'TGF-beta 1 Induction of Fibronectin in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Smad-2/3 Dependent', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

Golzan, SM, Hakimpour, F & Toolou, A 1970, 'Fetal ECG Extraction Using Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks with Bayesian Approach', 4TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (ECIFMBE), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Antwerp, BELGIUM, pp. 311-317.
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Golzan, SM, Hakimpour, F, Mikaili, M & Toolou, A 1970, 'Fetal ECG Extraction Using Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks with Bayesian Approach', 4TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (ECIFMBE), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Antwerp, BELGIUM, pp. 1378-1385.
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Golzan, SM, Mikaili, M, Sedighi, A, Avolio, A & Karimi, M 1970, 'Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure Measurement using Transcranial Doppler Sonography and Support Vector Machines', WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICAL PHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL 25, PT 4: IMAGE PROCESSING, BIOSIGNAL PROCESSING, MODELLING AND SIMULATION, BIOMECHANICS, 11th International Congress of the IUPESM/World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Munich, GERMANY, pp. 1752-1755.
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Gracanin, M, Rodgers, KJ, Hawkins, CL & Davies, MJ 1970, 'Amino Acids, Peptide and Protein Hydroperoxides, and their Decomposition Products, Modify the Activity of the 26S Proteasome', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, 16th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine, ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, San Francisco, CA, pp. S121-S121.

Herek, AM, Su, SW, Trinh, HM & Ha, QP 1970, 'Performance of First and Second-Order Sliding Mode Observers for Nonlinear Systems', Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, The International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart Tasmania Australia, pp. 1-7.
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This paper presents a brief study on the design and performance comparison of conventional first-order and super-twisting second-order sliding mode observers for some nonlinear control systems. Estimation accuracy, fast response, chattering effect, peaking phenomenon and robustness are considered for nonlinear systems under observer-based output feedback control and state feedback control.

Hoang, DB & Foureur, M 1970, 'Welcome from the technical program chairs', 2009 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), 2009 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2009), IEEE, p. 2.
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Homayounfard, H & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'HDAX: Historical symbolic modelling of delay time series in a communications network', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 129-137.
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There are certain performance parameters like packet delay, delay variation (jitter) and loss, which are decision factors for online quality of service (QoS) traffic routing. Although considerable efforts have been placed on the Internet to assure QoS, the dominant TCP/IP - like the best-effort communications policy - does not provide sufficient guarantee without abrupt change in the protocols. Estimation and forecasting end-to-end delay and its variations are essential tasks in network routing management for detecting anomalies. A large amount of research has been done to provide foreknowledge of network anomalies by characterizing and forecasting delay with numerical forecasting methods. However, the methods are time consuming and not efficient for real-time application when dealing with large online datasets. Application is more difficult when the data is missing or not available during online forecasting. Moreover, the time cost in statistical methods for trivial forecasting accuracy is prohibitive. Consequently, many researchers suggest a transition from computing with numbers to the manipulation of perceptions in the form of fuzzy linguistic variables. The current work addresses the issue of defining a delay approximation model for packet switching in communications networks. In particular, we focus on decision-making for smart routing management, which is based on the knowledge provided by data mining (informed) agents. We propose a historical symbolic delay approximation model (HDAX) for delay forecasting. Preliminary experiments with the model show good accuracy in forecasting the delay time-series as well as a reduction in the time cost of the forecasting method. HDAX compares favourably with the competing Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) algorithm in terms of execution time and accuracy. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Jones, V, Gay, VC, Leijdekkers, P, Rienks, R & Hermens, H 1970, 'Personalised mobile services supporting the implementation of clinical guidelines', 4th workshop on Personalisation for e-Health, Workshop on Personalisation for e-Health, AIME 2009, Verona, Italy, pp. 10-14.
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Telemonitoring is emerging as a compelling application of Body Area Networks (BANs). We describe two health BAN systems developed respectively by a European team and an Australian team and discuss some issues encountered relating to formalization of clinical knowledge to support realtime analysis and interpretation of BAN data. Our example application is an evidence-based telemonitoring and teletreatment application for home-based rehabilitation. The application is intended to support implementation of a clinical guideline for cardiac rehabilitation following myocardial infarction. In addition to this the proposal is to establish the patientâs individual baseline risk profile and, by real-time analysis of BAN data, continually re-assess the current risk level in order to give timely personalised feedback. Static and dynamic risk factors are derived from literature. Many sources express evidence probabilistically, suggesting a requirement for reasoning with uncertainty; elsewhere evidence requires qualitatie reasoning: both familiar modes of reasoning in KBSs. However even at this knowledge acquisition stage some issues arise concerning how best to apply the clinical evidence. Furthermore, in cases where insufficient clinical evidence is currently available, telemonitoring can yield large collections of clinical data with the potential for data mining in order to furnish more statistically powerful and accurate clinical evidence.

Kabakova, IV, Corcoran, B, Bolger, JA, De Sterke, CM & Eggleton, BJ 1970, 'All-optical self-switching in an optimized fiber bragg grating with a π phase shift', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009), IEEE, Baltimore, MD, pp. 956-957.
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We experimentally demonstrate all-optical self-switching of sub-nanosecond pulses in a fiber grating with a π phase-shift, which acts as a cavity, enhancing the intensity. At 1.5 kW peak power the transmission increases by 4.2 dB. © 2009 Optical Society of America.

Kabakova, IV, Corcoran, B, Bolger, JA, De Sterke, CM & Eggleton, BJ 1970, 'All-optical self-switching in an optimized fiber Bragg grating with a π phase shift', 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, CLEO/QELS 2009.
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We experimentally demonstrate all-optical self-switching of sub-nanosecond pulses in a fiber grating with a π phase-shift, which acts as a cavity, enhancing the intensity. At 1.5 kW peak power the transmission increases by 4.2 dB. ©2009 Optical Society of America.

Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Evolving on-line prediction model dealing with industrial data sets', 2009 IEEE Workshop on Evolving and Self-Developing Intelligent Systems, 2009 IEEE Workshop on Evolving and Self-Developing Intelligent Systems (ESDIS), IEEE, Nashville, TN, pp. 24-31.
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Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Soft Sensor Based on Adaptive Local Learning', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1172-1179.
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When it comes to application of computational learning techniques in practical scenarios, like for example adaptive inferential control, it is often difficult to apply the state-of-the-art techniques in a straight forward manner and usually some effort has to be dedicated to tuning either the data, in a form of data pre-processing, or the modelling techniques, in form of optimal parameter search or modification of the training algorithm. In this work we present a robust approach to on-line predictive modelling which is focusing on dealing with challenges like noisy data, data outliers and in particular drifting data which are often present in industrial data sets. The approach is based on the local learning approach, where models of limited complexity focus on partitions of the input space and on an ensemble building technique which combines the predictions of the particular local models into the final predicted value. Furthermore, the technique provides the means for on-line adaptation and can thus be deployed in a dynamic environment which is demonstrated in this work in terms of an application of the presented approach to a raw industrial data set exhibiting drifting data, outliers, missing values and measurement noise. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Soft sensors: where are we and what are the current and future challenges?', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 572-577.
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In this work we present a summary of the review on data-driven soft sensors published in [1] together with a proposal of how to deal with the identified issues and challenges. We discuss the most common approaches for the development of soft sensors followed by a critical analysis of the main issues in the current soft sensor development. Currently, these are the time which has to be spent on the model development including data pre-processing and model building together with the effort which needs to be spent on periodical performance assessment and re-training of the model. Based on the identified problems we propose a solution based on a model development architecture which can accommodate different data preprocessing techniques, predictive modelling methods as well as approaches for model adaptation. The architecture is based on a structure which unifies several concepts from machine learning such as ensemble methods, local learning, meta learning and concept drift handling. Using the above mechanisms it provides means for automated data pre-processing, model validation, selection and adaptation which can be used to significantly simplify the soft sensor building and maintenance process. Copyright © 2007 International Federation of Automatic Control.

Kennedy, PJ, Ong, K & Christen, P 1970, 'Data Mining and Analytics', Data Mining and Analytics 2009 (AusDM'09), Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-218.

Kennedy, PJ, Ong, KL & Christen, P 1970, 'Preface', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series.

Krimmer, DI, Burgess, JK, Black, JL & Oliver, BGG 1970, 'Cigarette Smoke Exposure Upregulates the Production of Extracellular Matrixd Proteins from Lung Fibroblasts.', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

Kuo, C, Johnston, SL, King, NJC, Wark, P, Lim, S, Burgess, JK, Black, JL & Oliver, BG 1970, 'Effect of Rhinovirus on Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Fibroblast Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Migration', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'A New Differential Evolution with Wavelet Theory Based Mutation Operation', 2009 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-5, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Trondheim, NORWAY, pp. 1116-1122.
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Lau, JY, Gervasio, OL, Oliver, BG, Black, JL, Williams, C, Wilton, SD & Burgess, JK 1970, 'Interaction of Fibulin-1 and Fibronectin in Asthma', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

Lau, JY, Oliver, BG, Baraket, M, Wilton, SD, Williams, C, Black, JL & Burgess, JK 1970, 'Fibulin-1: Expression and Function in Asthma', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

Lawrence, E, Navarro, KF, Hoang, D, Lim, YY & IEEE 1970, 'Data Collection, Correlation and Dissemination of Medical Sensor Information in a WSN', ICNS: 2009 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING AND SERVICES, International Conference on Networking and Services, IEEE, Valencia, Spain, pp. 402-408.
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This paper describes the development of a Wireless Sensor Network personal health monitoring system called Medical MoteCare which uses a combination of medical and environmental sensors. SNMP and CodeBlue agents are incorporated in the system as is the network management software JaguarSX. Network management models and tools provide an alternative, scalable and affordable solution to WSN health monitoring applications that allow for data storage correlation and dissemination as well as timely alerts when parameters are breached. This work forms part of a large grant aimed at providing assistive healthcare for the elderly.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, V & Barin, E 1970, 'Trial Results of a Novel Cardiac Rhythm Management System Using Smart Phones and Wireless ECG Sensors', AMBIENT ASSISTIVE HEALTH AND WELLNESS MANAGEMENT IN THE HEART OF THE CITY, PROCEEDING, International Conference On Smart homes and health Telematics, LNCS Springer, Tours, France, pp. 32-39.
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This paper discusses the trial results of a personalised Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) system using a smart phone (PDA) and a wireless ECG sensor. The system is used in a trial to record and diagnose abnormal cardiac arrhythmias. This novel approach uses standard mobile phones, off-the-shelf ECG sensors and personalised feedback to the patient when compared to a conventional clinical Holter and event monitor systems. The preliminary results are discussed of an ongoing trial conducted with the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney Australia. The results indicate the viability of the system for commercial purposes.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC, Lawrence, EM & Barin, E 1970, 'A PDA-based software interface for remote vital sign monitoring: initial clinical experience', Europace 2009 Vol 11 (suppl 1) Pg 163, CardioRhythm, Europace, Hong Kong, pp. 163-164.

Lemke, C, Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Dynamic combination of forecasts generated by diversification procedures applied to forecasting of airline cancellations', 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering, 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering (CIFEr), IEEE, pp. 85-91.
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The combination of forecasts is a well established procedure for improving forecast performance and decreasing the risk of selecting an inferior model out of an existing pool of models. Work in this area mainly focuses on combining several functionally different models, but some publications also deal with combining forecasts with the same functional approach. In the latter case, individual forecasts are generated by diversifying one or more model parameters or, if dealing with hierarchical data, by using forecasts from different levels. This work looks at multi-dimensional data from airline industry, with the aim of improving the forecast of cancellation rates for bookings. Three different methods are employed for the generation of individual forecasts. Forecast combinations are usually implemented in a more or less static structure, either including all available forecasts or trimming a fixed percentage of the worst performing models. For a big number of individual forecasts, this procedure can become inefficient. In this paper, a dynamic approach of pooling and trimming is applied to the generated forecasts for airline cancellation data. © 2009 IEEE.

Lewis, K, Wuhrer, R, Ben-Nissan, B, Valenzuela, SM & Moran, K 1970, 'X-Ray Mapping of Minerals Incorporated into Liposomes', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009, Cambridge University Press, Richmond, Virginia, USA, pp. 908-909.
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Liposomes are spherical particles in an aqueous medium formed by a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous compartment. They have been long considered as a potential delivery device in the medical and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to encapsulate different compounds, as the lipids form into liposomes. The ability of these liposomes to be stored in the body, and to be taken up by cells, makes them ideal for drug delivery. They can also potentially increase the efficiency of supplements, particularly those with no accumulation toxicity.

Li, W & Hoang, D 1970, 'A New Security Scheme for E-health System', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Baltimore, Maryland USA, pp. 361-366.
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Security is a critical requirement for the e-health system because the patient's sensitive information can be accessed remotely and this makes the entire system vulnerable to malicious attacks. In this paper, we present a novel role-interaction-organization security model and apply it to the e-health system which is modeled as a multi-agent system. The roles in our proposed model do not only determine access rights passively, but also initiate requests to interact dynamically with the agents who meet the security requirements. The interaction and the organization models help to identify the actions and responsibilities that a role can assume in the system within the organization and any dynamic interactions it can partake. A simple case from the e-health system is given to illustrate the application of the model. ©2009 IEEE.

Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & Chan, KY 1970, 'A New Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Neural Network Optimization', NSS: 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK AND SYSTEM SECURITY, International Conference on network and System Security, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 516-521.
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This paper presents a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for tuning parameters (weights) of neural networks. The new PSO algorithm is called fuzzy logic-based particle swarm optimization with cross-mutated operation (FPSOCM), where the fuzzy inference system is applied to determine the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the proposed cross-mutated operation by using human knowledge. By introducing the fuzzy system, the value of the inertia weight becomes variable. The cross-mutated operation is effectively force the solution to escape the local optimum. Tuning parameters (weights) of neural networks is presented using the FPSOCM. Numerical example of neural network is given to illustrate that the performance of the FPSOCM is good for tuning the parameters (weights) of neural networks. © 2009 IEEE.

Liu, Q, Chen, Y-PP & Li, J 1970, 'High Functional Coherence in k-Partite Protein Cliques of Protein Interaction Networks', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), IEEE, Washington, DC, pp. 111-+.
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Lourenco, DAR, Colman, S & Lee, C 1970, 'THALIDOMIDE PLUS MELPHALAN AND PREDNISONE FOR AUSTRALIAN PATIENTS NEWLY DIAGNOSED WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA IS COST-EFFECTIVE WHEN COMPARED WITH MELPHALAN AND PREDNISONE ALONE', VALUE IN HEALTH, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, pp. A381-A381.

Maimour, M, Pham, C & Hoang, D 1970, 'A Congestion Control Framework for Handling Video Surveillance Traffics on WSN', 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, IEEE, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 943-948.
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This paper focuses on congestion control but while previous works considered scalar sensor nodes which only report events in the size of a few bytes, we are addressing congestion control for information-intensive flows such as video flows for surveillance applications in pervasive wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed framework that we describe in order to efficiently handle information-intensive flows in a WSN. This work addresses congestion control with a multi-path routing facility. Next, an efficient congestion detection is proposed as the radio medium is most likely to introduce packet losses due to contention on the radio channel, and not only because of buffer overflow. Then a light-weight load repartition mechanism sits on top in order to take advantages to the path diversity, keeping as long as possible the sending rate constant thus keeping the video quality as high as possible. Simulations are performed in order to get insights into the performances of our proposals.

Miro, JV, Osswald, V, Patel, M & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Robotic assistance with attitude: A mobility agent for motor function rehabilitation and ambulation support', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, the Community (ICORR), IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 529-534.
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This paper presents the design of an intelligent walking aid for the frail and elderly as well as for patients who are recovering from surgical procedures, in order to enhance safer mobility for these study populations. The device augments a conventional rolling walker aid with sensing and navigational abilities to safely travel through an environment following user's perceived intentions, unless collisions or instability is imminent. The agent, embodied as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), critically relies on minimal user input to seamlessly recognise user's short-term intended behaviour, constantly updating this projection to allow for inconspicuous user-robot integration. This, in turn, shifts user's focus from fine motor-skilled control to coarse indications broadly intended to convey intention. Overall, the system can afford an increase in safety for the cognitive user through preventative care - reduced number of falls or collision with surrounding objects, minimising health-care expenses as well as increasing independent living for people with gait disorders. Successful simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed architecture for a practical robotic rollator design. ©2009 IEEE.

Miro, JV, Osswald, V, Patel, M & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Robotic Assistance with Attitude: a Mobility Agent for Motor Function Rehabilitation and Ambulation Support', 2009 IEEE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION ROBOTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 11th IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 616-+.

Moir, LM, Poniris, MH, Santa, T, Burgess, JK, Oliver, BGG & Black, JL 1970, 'Doxycycline May Modulate Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) Cell Function In Vitro.', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

More, FJ, Weng, K, Mclean, P & Su, S 1970, 'Analysis of nonlinear and linear behaviors of heart rate for running exercise', 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE, Xi'an, China, pp. 3920-3925.
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This study investigates the nonlinear/linear behaviors of human heart rate response to treadmill exercise, for young and healthy subjects. The heart rate of the subject is measured, starting at a speed of 7 km/h, and increasing until the maximum heart rate for the subject is reached. The obtained nonlinear model is complicated and is not robust. Furthermore, sustained exercise at maximum heart rate is not always safe. For these reasons, this is not a suitable method for running exercise. Instead, we develop simple linear models for the same speed range, which is suitable for treadmill running exercise. We also propose a new model, called 'H model', to predict the percentage of heart rate reserve during running exercise. It has been proven that the presented model can predict the percentage change of heart rate for running exercise in the identified linear response range. © 2009 IEEE.

Musial, K, Juszczyszyn, K, Gabrys, B & Kazienko, P 1970, 'Patterns of Interactions in Complex Social Networks Based on Coloured Motifs Analysis', ADVANCES IN NEURO-INFORMATION PROCESSING, PT II, 15th International Conference on Neuro-Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 607-614.
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Nguyen, HT, Ghevondian, N & Jones, TW 1970, 'Real-time detection of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes using a novel non-invasive hypoglycemia monitor', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 3822-3825.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemia is unpleasant and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. HypoMon is a realtime non-invasive monitor that measures relevant physiological parameters continuously to provide detection of hypoglycemic episodes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (T1DM). Based on heart rate and corrected QT interval of the ECG signal, we have continued to develop effective algorithms for early detection of nocturnal hypoglycemia. From a clinical study of 24 children with T1DM, associated with natural occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes at night, their heart rates increased (1.021+/-0.264 vs. 1.068+/-0.314, P < 0.053) and their corrected QT intervals increased significantly (1.030+/-0.079 vs. 1.052+/-0.078, P < 0.002). It is interesting to note that QT interval and heart rate are less correlated when the patients experienced hypoglycemic episodes through natural occurrence compared to when clamp studies were performed. The overall data were organized into a training set (12 patients) and a test set (another 12 patients) randomly selected. Using the optimal Bayesian neural network which was derived from the training set with the highest log evidence, the estimated blood glucose profiles produced a significant correlation (P < 0.02) against measured values in the test set.

Nguyen, JS, Nguyen, TH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Semi-autonomous wheelchair system using stereoscopic cameras', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 5068-5071.
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This paper is concerned with the design and development of a semi-autonomous wheelchair system using stereoscopic cameras to assist hands-free control technologies for severely disabled people. The stereoscopic cameras capture an image from both the left and right cameras, which are then processed with a Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) correlation algorithm to establish correspondence between image features in the different views of the scene. This is used to produce a stereo disparity image containing information about the depth of objects away from the camera in the image. A geometric projection algorithm is then used to generate a 3-Dimensional (3D) point map, placing pixels of the disparity image in 3D space. This is then converted to a 2-Dimensional (2D) depth map allowing objects in the scene to be viewed and a safe travel path for the wheelchair to be planned and followed based on the user's commands. This assistive technology utilising stereoscopic cameras has the purpose of automated obstacle detection, path planning and following, and collision avoidance during navigation. Experimental results obtained in an indoor environment displayed the effectiveness of this assistive technology. ©2009 IEEE.

Nguyen, N, Nguyen, HT & Su, S 1970, 'Robust multivariable strategy and its application to a powered wheelchair', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 7114-7117.
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The paper proposes a systematic robust multivariable control strategy based on combination of systematic triangularization technique and robust control strategies. Two design stages are required. In the first design stage, multivariable control problem is reduced into a series of scalar control problems via triangularization technique. For each specific scalar system, two advanced control strategies are proposed and implemented in the second design stage. The first one is based on Model Predictive Control, which is an iterative, finite horizon optimization procedure. The second control strategy is known as Neuro-Sliding Mode Control, which integrates Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Neural Network Design to achieve both chattering-free and system robustness. Real-time implementation on a powered wheelchair system confirms that robustness and desired performance of a multivariable system under model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances can indeed be achieved by the combination of triangularization technique and Neuro-Sliding Mode Control. ©2009 IEEE.

Nguyen, ND, Frost, SA, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Do men and women have similar absolute risk of fracture?', Bone, 2nd Joint Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society/Australian-New-Zealand-Bone-and-Mineral-Society, Elsevier BV, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. S39-S39.
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Nguyen, TV, Nguyen, ND, Frost, SA, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Five-year and 10-year absolute risk of clinical vertebral fracture for individuals', Bone, 2nd Joint Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society/Australian-New-Zealand-Bone-and-Mineral-Society, Elsevier BV, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. S87-S88.
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Oliver, B, Orpez, T, Lopez-Madrona, JC, Suardiaz, M, Lopez-Gomez, C, Nevado-Alcaide, IA, Maldonado-Sanchez, R, Marin, C & Fernandez, O 1970, 'Influence of prolonged interferon-beta therapy on genes involved in its signalling pathway in different peripheral blood mononuclear subpopulations from patients with multiple sclerosis', MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, 25th Congress of the European-Committee-for-Treatment-and-Research-in-Multiple-Sclerosis, SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, Dusseldorf, GERMANY, pp. S185-S185.

Parker, D & Hodgkinson, B 1970, 'Which palliative care outcome measures are suitable for use in residential aged care facilities?', AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, pp. A110-A110.

Parker, D, Greeve, K, Hegney, D, Hughes, K, Jenkin, P, Reymond, L & Walker, H 1970, 'Implementation of a comprehensive evidence based palliative approach in Residential Aged Care', AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, pp. A69-A70.

Phillips, JL, Ramadge, J, Evans, R & Currow, D 1970, 'CanNET a new service model: linking regional and metropolitan cancer services into single networks', 10th National Rural Health Conference, National Rural Health Conference, National Rural Health Alliance, Cairns, Australia, pp. 1-11.
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Background: The treatment for cancer is often complex, involving many disciplines and therapies, which makes it difficult for Australians living in rural and remote areas to access the full range of care required within their local community. Aim: The Cancer Service Networks National Demonstration Program (CanNET) is a Commonwealth initiative which aimed to improve access to cancer care by linking regional and metropolitan cancer services. Method: Up to $7 million was made available across seven jurisdictions over a two year period from 2007 to 2009. This funding was to assist the development of sustainable links between cancer specialists and other leading health professionals in metropolitan cancer services and their colleagues in rural and regional centres. Each jurisdiction also made a contribution to the development of the cancer service networks. The cancer service network model is underpinned by: active consumer involvement; the development of agreed referral pathways; a multidisciplinary approach to cancer control; involvement of primary care and allied health professionals; championing of evidence-based practice; access to continuing professional development and training; and integration of rural and regional cancer services into a broad practice network.

Phung, HM, Hoang, DB & Lawrence, E 1970, 'A Front-End for Collaborative Task Planning on the Grid', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Maryland, USA, pp. 292-299.
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Grid systems allow the sharing of distributed resources of registered participants to perform tasks whose demand may exceed the capacity of individual participating organization. However, the collaborative aspect of Grids is still underdeveloped as they lack features and mechanisms for interaction and collaboration. This paper presents the design and development of an integrated Front-End as a workplace for collaborative task planning over a Grid. The Front-End allows parties to design their joint workplan interactively and collaboratively in real time in the form of editing activities and Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) workflows. The resulting workplan will be executed by the underlying Grid and forms a basis for further collaboration. The Front-End is in fact the centerpiece of our collaborative Framework within a larger Active Assistive Grid infrastructure. ©2009 IEEE.

Phung, HM, Hoang, DB & Lawrence, E 1970, 'A Novel Collaborative Grid Framework for Distributed Healthcare', CCGRID: 2009 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, IEEE International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, IEEE computer Society, Shanghai China, pp. 514-519.
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The increasing ageing population around the world presents an unprecedented challenge in developing economically viable healthcare systems for our societies. To overcome this challenge and maintain a decent level of healthcare, further innovation and deployment of information technologies in the field of healthcare are the keys. Our earlier work puts forward 'An Active Grid Infrastructure for Elderly Care' solution whereby elderly people are monitored non-intrusively to provide essential health information about them; the information concerning their condition is kept in an 'active' health record; and resources involved in the system can be shared by multiple caregivers or organizations allowing them to collaborate in developing relevant care programs for these elderly persons. This paper focuses on the design of the collaborative component of the solution. A framework is proposed for an integrated Grid system that supports collaborative task planning and workflow development. The system will enable healthcare professionals to access the necessary resources, collaborate with each other to develop and execute treatment workflows in a user-friendly and intuitive manner. The paper will discuss the requirements and design principles for key components of the system and present its preliminary implementation. © 2009 IEEE.

Pooryaghooti, MH, Golzan, SM, Hakimpour, F & Karimi, M 1970, 'Combining EEG signals and MRI images for brain mapping using interpolation techniques; a comparative study', 4TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (ECIFMBE), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Antwerp, BELGIUM, pp. 414-420.
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Seidel, P, Merfort, I, Hughes, JM, Oliver, BGG, Tamm, M & Roth, M 1970, 'Dimethylfumarate Modulates Chemokine Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of Heme-Oxygenase and NF-kappa B', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

Sivabalan, P 1970, 'On the question of budget relevance', 32nd Annual Congress European Accounting Association Programme, Annual Congress of European Accounting Association, European Accounting Association (EAA), Tampere, Finland.

Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Chen, W, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Multi-realization of nonlinear systems', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 48TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2009 HELD JOINTLY WITH THE 2009 28TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC/CCC 2009), IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 5901-5905.
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The system multi-realization problem is to find a state-variable realization for a set of systems, sharing as many parameters as possible. A multi-realization can be used to efficiently implement a multi-controller architecture for Multiple Model Adaptive Control (MMAC). We extend the linear multi-realization problem to nonlinear systems. The problem of minimal multi-realization of a set of MIMO systems is introduced and solved for feedback linearizable systems.

Su, SW, Nguyen, H, Jarman, R, Zhu, J, Lowe, D, McLean, P, Huang, S, Nguyen, NT, Nicholson, R & Weng, K 1970, 'Model predictive control of gantry crane with input nonlinearity compensation', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 312-316.
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This paper proposed a nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) method for the control of gantry crane. One of the main motivations to apply MPC to control gantry crane is based on its ability to handle control constraints for multivariable systems. A pre-compensator is constructed to compensate the input nonlinearity (nonsymmetric dead zone with saturation) by using its inverse function. By well tuning the weighting function matrices, the control system can properly compromise the control between crane position and swing angle. The proposed control algorithm was implemented for the control of gantry crane system in System Control Lab of University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), and achieved desired experimental results. © 2009 WASET.ORG.

Tang, M, Zhou, Y, Cui, P, Wang, W, Li, J, Zhang, H, Hou, Y & Yan, B 1970, 'Discovery of Migration Habitats and Routes of Wild Bird Species by Clustering and Association Analysis', ADVANCED DATA MINING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 288-301.
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Thiagarajah, T, Malmi, T, Wells, PA & Sivabalan, P 1970, 'Management control systems (MCS) in the third sector: An exploratory study', 7th Workshop on the Challenges of Managing the Third Sector, 7th Workshop on the Challenges of Managing the Third Sector, The European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Brussels.

Thiagarajah, T, Malmi, T, Wells, PA & Sivabalan, P 1970, 'Management control systems (mcs) in the third sector: An exploratory study', 32nd Annual Congress European Accounting Association Programme, Annual Congress of European Accounting Association, European Accounting Association (EAA), Tampere, Finland.

Thuraisingham, RA, Tran, Y, Craiga, A, Wijesuriya, N & Hung Nguyen 1970, 'Using microstate intensity for the analysis of spontaneous EEG: Tracking changes from alert to the fatigue state', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 4982-4985.
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Fatigue is a negative symptom of many illnesses and also has major implications for road safety. This paper presents results using a method called microstate segmentation (MSS). It was used to distinguish changes from an alert to a fatigue state. The results show a significant increase in MSS instantaneous amplitude during the fatigue state. Plotting the linear gradient of the nonlinear part of the phase data from the MSS also showed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the gradients of the alert state compared to the fatigue state. The results suggest that MSS can be used in analyzing spontaneous electroencephalography (EEG) signals to detect changes in physiological states. The results have implications for countermeasures used in detecting fatigue.

Tovey, ER, Ng, DSY, Stelzer-Braid, S, Rawlinson, WD & Oliver, BG 1970, 'RETRACTED: Children With Asthma And No URTI, More Commonly Have Rhinovirus In Their Exhaled Breath, Than In Mucous', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology, Elsevier BV, Washington, DC, pp. S171-S171.
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Trian, T, Moir, LM, Burgess, JK, Black, JL, Reddel, H, Oliver, BG & McParland, B 1970, 'RHINOVIRUS-Induced Exacerbations of Asthma - How Is the b2-Adrenoceptor Implicated?', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, AMER THORACIC SOC.

Trieu, HT, Willey, K, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Adaptive Shared Control Strategies Based in the Bayesian Recursive Technique in an Intelligent Wheelchair', 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 7118-7121.
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In this paper we present an adaptive shared control method for an intelligent wheelchair based on the Bayesian recursive technique to assist a disable user in performing obstacle avoidance tasks. Three autonomous tasks have been developed for different types of environments to improve the performance of the overall system. The system combines local environmental information gathered using a laser range finder sensor with the user's intentions to select the most suitable autonomous task in different situations. The evidences of these tasks are estimated by the Bayesian recursive technique during movements of the wheelchair. The most appropriate task is chosen to be the with the highest evidence value. Experimental results show significant performance improvements compared to our previously reported shared control methods. ©2009 IEEE.

Wu, JP, Yan, XP, Jin, ZM, Tipper, JL, Yuan, CQ & Zhou, XC 1970, 'Application of principal component analysis and a fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm to wear debris morphology classification', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 5th China International Symposium on Tribology/1st International Tribology Symposium of IFToMM, SAGE Publications, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1059-1066.
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The application of principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm to the classification of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris from artificial joints has been described in this article. Wear particles were extracted and isolated from peri-prosthetic tissues collected during revision surgery, which was revised for loosening. The implant life of the hip prosthesis was 12 years. The particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Digitized particle images were analysed on a computer by specially developed software ‘Image-Pro Plus’. The following 19 numerical descriptors were used to characterize the particles: particle area, length, width, perimeter, boundary fractal dimension, and shape parameters such as form factor, roundness, convexity, aspect ratio, and others. PCA algorithm was applied to reduce the amount of parameters to simplify the following calculation. Furthermore, main factors and important parameters such as mean diameter, equivalent circle diameter, and perimeter were found out by PCA. However, C-means clustering algorithm was applied to classify the UHMWPE wear debris into 4–7 clusters. The Xie—Beni index was introduced to determine the optimal number of clusters and illuminate the clustering validity. The result of the calculation indicates that five clusters is the optimal clustering number. The feature of the debris in each cluster is also described in this article.

Yeung, CW, Leung, FHF, Chan, KY, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'An Integrated Approach of Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine for Gene Signature Selection and Cancer Prediction', IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Atlanta, USA, pp. 1728-1734.
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To improve cancer diagnosis and drug development, the classification of tumor types based on genomic information is important. As DNA microarray studies produce a large amount of data, expression data are highly redundant and noisy, and most genes are believed to be uninformative with respect to the studied classes. Only a fraction of genes may present distinct profiles for different classes of samples. Classification tools to deal with these issues are thus important. These tools should learn to robustly identify a subset of informative genes embedded in a large dataset that is contaminated with high dimensional noises. In this paper, an integrated approach of support vector machine (SVM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed for this purpose. The proposed approach can simultaneously optimize the selection of feature subset and the classifier through a common solution coding mechanism. As an illustration, the proposed approach is applied to search the combinational gene signatures for predicting histologic response to chemotherapy of osteosarcoma patients. Crossvalidation results show that the proposed approach outperforms other existing methods in terms of classification accuracy. Further validation using an independent dataset shows misclassification of only one out of fourteen patient samples, suggesting that the selected gene signatures can reflect the chemoresistance in osteosarcoma. © 2009 IEEE.

Yvonne Tran, Thuraisingham, RA, Craig, A & Hung Nguyen 1970, 'Evaluating the efficacy of an automated procedure for EEG artifact removal', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 376-379.
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Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are often contaminated with artifacts arising from many sources such as those with ocular and muscular origins. Artifact removal techniques often rely on the experience of the EEG technician to detect these artifact components for removal. This paper presents the results comparing an automated procedure (AT) against visually (VT) choosing artifactual components for removal, using second order blind identification (SOBI) and canonical correlation analyses. The results show that the resulting EEG signal after artifact removal for the AT and VT were comparable using a technique that measures the variance amongst electrodes and spectral energy. The AT technique is objective, faster and easier to use, and shown here to be comparable to the standard technique of visually detecting artifact component

Zhao, L & Li, J 1970, 'Sequence-based B-cell epitope prediction by using associations in antibody-antigen structural complexes', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshop, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshop, BIBMW, IEEE, pp. 165-172.
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B-cell secreted antibodies play a critical role in fighting against the invaders and abnormal self tissues. Identifying the epitope on antigens recognized by the paratope on antibodies can enlighten the understanding of this important immune mechanism. Predicting B-cell epitope can also pave the way for vaccine design and disease therapy. However, due to the high complexity of this problem, previous prediction methods that focus on linear and conformational epitope are both unsatisfactory. In this work, we propose a novel method to predict B-cell epitopes, when a pair of sequences is given, by using associations and cooperativity patterns from a relatively small antigen-antibody structural data set. More exactly, our classifier is trained on only PDB protein complexes, but it can be applied to any sequence data. Our evaluation results show that the accuracy of our method is very competitive to, sometimes even much better than, previous structure-based prediction methods which have a smaller applicability scope than ours. ©2009 IEEE.

Zheng, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Overlapping Impacts and Resource Coordination for High-density Wireless Communication', 2009 IEEE-RIVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND VISION FOR THE FUTURE, IEEE-RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies, Research Innovation, and Vision for the Future, IEEE eXpress Conference Publishing, Da Nang University of Technology, Vietnam, pp. 180-186.
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A high-density wireless environment could not avoid ceel/BSS (Basic Service Set) overlapping, which may cause Co-channel interference. Such interference makes it difficult to support QoS. It is desirable that BSSs can share a single frequency channel without interference-free for a business-sound wireless deployment. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis on OBSS co-existence and QoS, based on the context of 802.11 WiFi as an example. The uplink and downlink transmission are separated into two periods. The grouping assigments using coloring theory are carried out based on the topology to divide BSSs into groups and time span to avoid downlink collision.

Zheng, L, Hoang, DB & Li, M 1970, 'Applying Fair Intelligent Congestion Control in a hybrid QoS architecture for wireless environment', 2009 7th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS), Signal Processing (ICICS), IEEE, Macau, China, pp. 1-6.
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This simple and scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS control model is acceptable for the core of the network. However, more explicit and stringent admission and reservation based QoS mechanisms are required in the wireless access segment of the network, where available resources are severely limited and the degree of traffic aggregation is not significant, thus rendering the DiffServ principles less effective. In this paper we present a suitable hybrid QoS architecture framework to address the problem. At the wireless access end, the local QoS mechanism is designed in the context of IEEE 802.11 WLAN with 802.11e QoS extensions. At the edge and over the DiffServ domain, the Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) algorithm is applied to provide fairness among traffic aggregates and control congestion at the bottleneck interface between the wireless link and the network core.

Darcy, SA, Griffin, T, Crilley, G & Schweinsberg, SC STCRC 2009, Helping park managers use their visitor information, pp. 1-38, Austraila.
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This report presents the composition of a generic park visitation survey instrument based on the core data variables that can be employed in multiple park level jurisdictions throughout Australia. Its focus is to identify the considerations for the future development of software-based solutions for data collection, aggregation, dissemination and reporting of park-based activity across the 14 protected area agencies.

Moore, S, Crilley, G, Darcy, SA, Griffin, T, Taplin, R & Tonge, J Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Council 2009, Designing and Testing a Park-Based Visitor Survey, Gold Coast.

Moore, S, Crilley, G, Darcy, SA, Griffin, T, Taplin, R, Tonge, J, Wegner, A & Smith, A CRC For Sustainable Tourism 2009, Designing and Testing a Park-Based Visitor Survey, pp. 1-42, Sydney, Australia.
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This technical report is part of a broader national project `Systematic and strategic collection and use of visitor information in protected area management, funded by Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC), and conducted in partnership with protected area agencies across Australia. The aim of this report is to provide a systematic approach to using a set of core variables to collect data in a way that can be consistently applied across Australian protected areas. This information is most relevant to park-level management, but is also of central interest for corporate reporting. An associated aim was to develop and test a questionnaire for collecting these data.

Darcy, SA 2009, 'WP10: Accessible Tourism Accommodation Information Preferences', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism Working Papers Series.

Edwards, DC, Dickson, TJ & Darcy, SA 2009, 'Working Paper No 22 - Sydney World Masters Games: Volunteer Legacy Outcomes Sydney', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism.

Thomson, AK, Darcy, SA & Edwards, DC 2009, 'Working Paper No 21: Social Outcomes of the Sydney World Masters Games: A Participant Study', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism.