Publications

Rahman, MA, Phillips, M & Ton-That, C 2021, 'Dopants and Impurity-Induced Defects in ZnO' in Defects in Functional Materials, World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 177-199.
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In recent years, there has been resurgent interest in ZnO due to its efficient UV emission and potential application in opto-electronic devices. The problem of self-compensating defects, especially those related to acceptor-like dopants, remains a major challenge to date. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the fundamental properties of point defects and dopants as well as their complexes in bulk crystals and nanostructures. Nominally undoped ZnO is typically n-type, which has been widely ascribed to O vacancies or Zn interstitials; however, these defect assignments are controversial as O vacancies are deep donors while Zn interstitials are highly mobile at room temperature and considered to be unstable. Accordingly, H and group III impurities have also been suggested to be responsible for the observed n-type conductivity. Although there are still many unanswered questions concerning defect-related luminescence bands in ZnO, great progress has been made in recent years to identify and characterize them using spatially resolved luminescence spectroscopies and first-principles calculations. The ubiquitous green emission has several possible origins, including O and Zn vacancies as well as Cu impurities. The properties of group I (Li, Na, and Cu), group III (Ga, Al, and In), and group V (N, P, and Sb) impurities as well as their complexes with native point defects and H are discussed, along with a concluding outlook for future research into the optical properties of ZnO.

Alder, R, Xiao, L & Fu, S 2021, 'Comparison of commercial surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for the analysis of cocaine.', Drug Testing and Analysis.
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The use of illicit drugs across the world causes issues for users, healthcare workers and the public. Therefore, rapid and reliable onsite testing methods to detect these drugs are required. In this study, seven commercial surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates A-G were compared for the analysis of cocaine. These substrates were compared using scanning electron microscopy to study the surface structure and Raman spectroscopy and to determine if there was any enhancement of the cocaine bands. Substrate B provided the best enhancement of known cocaine vibrational bands, allowing the detection down to concentrations of 1 ng/mL in standards and 10 ng/mL extracted from the oral fluid. The results showed that SERS is an ideal method for future rapid onsite analysis of illicit drugs in oral fluid. Commercial SERS substrates were compared for the analysis of cocaine. Substrate B provided the best result and was further tested with lower concentrations and extracts from the oral fluid. The application to oral fluid testing could prove useful for future onsite analysis.

Begum, M, Eskandari, M, Abuhilaleh, M, Li, L & Zhu, J 2021, 'Fuzzy-Based Distributed Cooperative Secondary Control with Stability Analysis for Microgrids', ELECTRONICS, vol. 10, no. 4.
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Cheng, Y, Zheng, R, Wu, X, Xu, K, Song, P, Wang, Y, Yan, J, Chen, R, Li, X & Zhang, H 2021, 'Thylakoid Membranes with Unique Photosystems Used to Simultaneously Produce Self-Supplying Oxygen and Singlet Oxygen for Hypoxic Tumor Therapy', ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS, vol. 10, no. 6.
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Chong, H, Tan, C, Fang, S, Chen, X, Tao, Q, Yuan, X, Li, J, Zhai, C, Fei, C, Yang, D, Fan, H, Shao, H, Qin, A, Wang, G, Shi, Z, Z'hang, T, Yao, H, Li, H & Wang, C 2021, 'BODIPY-Appended Pt(II) Complexes with High Toxicities and Anti-chemoresistance Performances in a Cisplatin Resistant In Vivo Model', INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 60, no. 13, pp. 10047-10055.
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Chong, H, Zhang, G, Wu, Y, Xu, B, Wang, G & Wang, C 2021, 'Enantioselective recognition of amino acid based on electrochemical deposition and X-ray diffraction technology', JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 218.
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Chu, Z, Gao, X, Wang, C, Wang, T & Wang, G 2021, 'Metal-organic frameworks as separators and electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 7301-7316.
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Diao, K, Sun, X, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'Multimode Optimization of Switched Reluctance Machines in Hybrid Electric Vehicles', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.
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IEEE The belt-driven starter/generator (BSG), as a cost-effective solution, has been widely employed in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to improve the stability and reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicles. It can provide more than 10% reduction in CO2. Electrical machine is the heart of the BSG system, which is functioned both as motor and generator. In order to optimize both aspects of motor and generator simultaneously, this paper presents a new multimode optimization method for the switched reluctance machines. First, the general multimode concept and optimization method are presented. The switched reluctance motor and the switched reluctance generator are the two operation modes. The optimization models are established based on motor and generator functions. Sensitivity analysis, surrogate models and genetic algorithms are employed to improve the efficiency of the multimode optimization. Then, a design example of a segmented-rotor switched reluctance machine (SSRM) is investigated. Seven design variables and four driving modes are considered in the multiobjective optimization model. The Kriging model is employed to approximate the finite element model (FEM) in the optimization. Finally, the optimization results are depicted, and an optimal solution is selected. The comparison between the initial and optimal designs shows that the proposed method can improve the foremost performance of the SSRM under all driving modes.

Duan, N, Xu, W, Ma, X, Wang, S & Zhu, J 2021, 'Magnetic Characteristic Analysis of High Temperature Superconductors by the Elemental Operator Model', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.
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In this paper, to accurately analysis the magnetic properties of high temperature superconductor, a superconductor hysteresis model is proposed. Based on the physical mechanism, the hysteresis loop of high temperature superconductor can be decomposed into an antimagnetic curve and a paramagnetic loop. The calculated and measured results of silver-sheathed Bi2223 superconducting tape samples under external magnetic field are compared to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the presented method.

Fan, L, Guo, Z, Zhao, D, Zhao, C, Lu, X, Chen, A, Yin, X, Zhang, Y, Sun, B & Zhang, N 2021, 'Stable and Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes Enabled by Ionic/Electronic Li2S/Mo Interlayer', Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research.
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Hiscocks, HG, Yit, DL, Pascali, G & Ung, AT 2021, 'Incorporation of the pentafluorosulfanyl group through common synthetic transformations', MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 449-459.
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Ibrahim, I, Seo, DH, Angeloski, A, McDonagh, A, Shon, HK & Tijing, LD 2021, '3D microflowers CuS/Sn2S3 heterostructure for highly efficient solar steam generation and water purification', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 232.
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Solar-driven interfacial steam generation is a promising method to produce potable water using renewable energy and help solve global clean water scarcity problems. However, the design of photothermal materials (PTMs) with excellent light absorption that can localize heat at the air/water interface, and facilitate water vapor generation remains a key challenge for its practical implementation. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of heterostructure microflowers composed of vertically aligned CuS/Sn2S3 nanosheets (3D CSS-NS MF) using a single-step solvothermal method for solar steam generation application. The microflower structures and the abundant nanocavities between the vertically aligned nanosheets resulted in significant sunlight harvesting over the solar spectrum, excellent heat localization through trapping and re-absorbing the heat, and fast escape of water vapor. Under 1 sun (1 kW m-2) illumination, a high water evaporation rate of 1.42 kg m-2 h-1, corresponding to an efficiency of 82.93% was obtained. The 3D CSS-NS MF based solar evaporator exhibited remarkable salt ions rejection efficiency and good reusability over 10 cycles. Furthermore, efficient removal of organic dyes was observed in application geared towards wastewater treatment with a rejection ∼99.9%. Our work demonstrates the potential of using novel semiconductor-based nanocomposites as effective photothermal materials for high-performance solar steam generation in water desalination and wastewater treatment applications.

Ibrahim, I, Seo, DH, McDonagh, AM, Shon, HK & Tijing, L 2021, 'Semiconductor photothermal materials enabling efficient solar steam generation toward desalination and wastewater treatment', Desalination.
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© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Water scarcity issues around the world have renewed interest in the use of solar water evaporation as a means of providing fresh water. Advances in photothermal materials and thermal management, together with new interfacial system designs, have considerably improved the overall efficiency of solar steam generation (SSG) for desalination and wastewater treatment. Several classes of rationally-designed photothermal materials (PTMs) and nanostructures have enabled effective absorption of broad solar spectrum resulting in improved solar evaporation efficiency. Among several classes of PTMs, semiconductor-based PTMs have demonstrated great potential for SSG. In this review, we highlight the progress and prospects in SSG with emphasis on the use and evolution of advanced semiconductor materials for PTMs and their various designs and engineered architectures. Applications and future prospects for desalination and wastewater treatment are also discussed.

Jaumaux, P, Wu, J, Shanmukaraj, D, Wang, Y, Zhou, D, Sun, B, Kang, F, Li, B, Armand, M & Wang, G 2021, 'Non-Flammable Liquid and Quasi-Solid Electrolytes toward Highly-Safe Alkali Metal-Based Batteries', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 31, no. 10.
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© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH Rechargeable alkali metal (i.e., lithium, sodium, potassium)-based batteries are considered as vital energy storage technologies in modern society. However, the traditional liquid electrolytes applied in alkali metal-based batteries mainly consist of thermally unstable salts and highly flammable organic solvents, which trigger numerous accidents related to fire, explosion, and leakage of toxic chemicals. Therefore, exploring non-flammable electrolytes is of paramount importance for achieving safe batteries. Although replacing traditional liquid electrolytes with all-solid-state electrolytes is the ultimate way to solve the above safety issues, developing non-flammable liquid electrolytes can more directly fulfill the current needs considering the low ionic conductivities and inferior interfacial properties of existing all-solid-state electrolytes. Moreover, the electrolyte leakage concern can be further resolved by gelling non-flammable liquid electrolytes to obtain quasi-solid electrolytes. Herein, a comprehensive review of the latest progress in emerging non-flammable liquid electrolytes, including non-flammable organic liquid electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, and deep eutectic solvent-based electrolytes is provided, and systematically introduce their flame-retardant mechanisms and electrochemical behaviors in alkali metal-based batteries. Then, the gelation techniques for preparing quasi-solid electrolytes are also summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives are presented. It is anticipated that this review will promote a safety improvement of alkali metal-based batteries.

Jin, Z, Sun, X, Cai, Y, Zhu, J, Lei, G & Guo, Y 2021, 'Comprehensive Sensitivity and Cross-Factor Variance Analysis-Based Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a 3-DOF Hybrid Magnetic Bearing', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 57, no. 2.
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Jin, Z, Sun, X, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'Sliding Mode Direct Torque Control of SPMSMs Based on a Hybrid Wolf Optimization Algorithm', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.
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Direct torque control has been widely employed to control surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs). However, the large torque ripple and accuracy of the flux tracking affect its performance. As a promising improvement of conventional direct torque control, sliding mode direct torque control (SMDTC) can handle these problems to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the optimal performance is hardly obtained by trial and error tuning. Hence, in this paper, a hybrid wolf optimization algorithm (HWOA) is proposed to automatically adjust the parameters of the controllers of SMDTC for SPMSMs. This algorithm combines the grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWOA) and coyote optimization algorithm (COA) and retains their respective advantages. A conversion probability is designed to realize the simultaneous use of these two algorithms. The convergence is relatively fast, and the locally optimal problem can be avoided effectively. Meanwhile, a special fitness index with penalty terms is designed to enhance flux tracking and reduce the torque ripple. Comparison among the GWOA-based, COA-based and HWOA-based controllers is implemented both in simulation and experiment to show the superiority of the proposed control method.

Klingberg, J, Cawley, A, Shimmon, R, Fouracre, C, Pasin, D & Fu, S 2021, 'Finding the proverbial needle: Non-targeted screening of synthetic opioids in equine plasma.', Drug Testing and Analysis.
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Synthetic opioids are a class of compounds that are of particular concern due to their high potency and potential health impacts. With the relentless emergence of new synthetic opioid derivatives, non-targeted screening strategies are required that do not rely on the use of library spectra or reference materials. In this study, product ion searching, and Kendrick mass defect analysis were investigated for non-targeted screening of synthetic opioids. The estimated screening cut-offs for these techniques ranged between 0.05 and 0.1 ng/mL. These techniques were designed to not be reliant on a particular vendor's software, meaning that they can be applied to existing drug screening protocols, without requiring the development and validation of new analytical procedures. The efficacy of the developed techniques was tested through blind trials, with spiked samples inserted amongst authentic plasma samples, which demonstrated the usefulness of these methods for high-throughput screening. The use of a non-targeted screening workflow that contains complementary techniques can increase the likelihood of detecting compounds of interest within a sample, as well as the confidence in detections that are made.

Li, J, Ding, Z, Li, J, Wang, C, Pan, L & Wang, G 2021, 'Synergistic coupling of NiS1.03 nanoparticle with S-doped reduced graphene oxide for enhanced lithium and sodium storage', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 407.
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Li, J, Ding, Z, Pan, L, Li, J, Wang, C & Wang, G 2021, 'Facile self-templating synthesis of layered carbon with N, S dual doping for highly efficient sodium storage', CARBON, vol. 173, pp. 31-40.
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Li, P, Guo, X, Zang, R, Wang, S, Zuo, Y, Man, Z, Li, P, Liu, S & Wang, G 2021, 'Nanoconfined SnO2/SnSe2 heterostructures in N-doped carbon nanotubes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 418.
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Tin-based compounds are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), owing to their high theoretical capacities and relatively low sodiation potential. However, their high-rate performance and cycle life-span are severely impeded by the inherent sluggish reaction kinetics and large structural change during charging and discharging. Herein, we report a composite anode consisting of SnO2/SnSe2 heterostructure nanoparticles uniformly encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes (SnO2/SnSe2@C) for high-performance SIBs. The hollow tube nano-architecture not only accommodates the volume expansion of SnO2/SnSe2, but also facilitates the electrolyte penetration and shortens Na+ pathways. Meanwhile, the N-doped carbon shells provide highways for electron transport and contribute to the total capacity. More importantly, the construction of heterostructures boosts the charge transfer kinetics and further stabilizes the electrode structure by the additional confining effects of the increased crystalline boundaries. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between the elaborately-designed electrode architecture and the incorporation of heterostructures, the SnO2/SnSe2@C composite delivered a superior rate capability (322 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1) and remarkable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 87.7% after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1.

Li, Y, Lei, G, Bramerdorfer, G, Peng, S, Sun, X & Zhu, J 2021, 'Machine Learning for Design Optimization of Electromagnetic Devices: Recent Developments and Future Directions', Applied Sciences.
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Li, Y, Li, J, Yuan, J, Zhao, Y, Zhang, J, Liu, H, Wang, F, Tang, J & Song, J 2021, '3D CoS2/rGO aerogel as trapping-catalyst sulfur host to promote polysulfide conversion for stable Li-S batteries', JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, vol. 873.
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Li, Y, Li, Y, Zhu, J, Zhu, L & Liu, C 2021, 'Vibration Estimation in Power Transformers Based on Dynamic Magnetostriction Model and Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 31, no. 8.
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This paper presents a modeling approach for estimating the vibration of power transformers based on a magnetostriction model and maxwell stress calculation. The magnetostriction model, accounting for the dynamic hysteresis behavior, is constructed by combining the Becker-Doring crystal magnetostriction model and J-A dynamic hysteresis model. By incorporating the proposed model into the finite-element method (FEM), both the Maxwell stress and the magnetostriction force in each mesh element can be readily obtained simultaneously. To verify the calculation method, the vibration of a three-phase transformer prototype is measured and compared with simulated results. It demonstrated that the proposed method is accurate enough to predict the vibration of power transformers.

Li, Y, Yang, W, Yang, W, Huang, Y, Wang, G, Xu, C, Kang, F & Dong, L 2021, 'High-performance zinc-ion batteries enabled by electrochemically induced transformation of vanadium oxide cathodes', JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY, vol. 60, pp. 233-240.
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Li, Y, Yang, W, Yang, W, Huang, Y, Wang, G, Xu, C, Kang, F & Dong, L 2021, 'High-performance zinc-ion batteries enabled by electrochemically induced transformation of vanadium oxide cathodes', Journal of Energy Chemistry.
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Li, Y, Yang, W, Yang, W, Wang, Z, Rong, J, Wang, G, Xu, C, Kang, F & Dong, L 2021, 'Towards High-Energy and Anti-Self-Discharge Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with New Understanding of the Electrochemistry', Nano-Micro Letters.
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Liu, C, Wang, D, Wang, S, Niu, F, Wang, Y, Lei, G & Zhu, J 2021, 'Design and Analysis of a New Permanent Magnet Claw Pole Machine With S-Shape Winding', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 57, no. 2.
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Liu, Q, Wang, Y, Yang, X, Zhou, D, Wang, X, Jaumaux, P, Kang, F, Li, B, Ji, X & Wang, G 2021, 'Rechargeable anion-shuttle batteries for low-cost energy storage', Chem.
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As promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, rechargeable anion-shuttle batteries (ASBs) with anions as charge carriers stand out because of their low cost, long cyclic lifetime, and/or high energy density. In this review, we provide for the first time, comprehensive insights into the anion shuttling mechanisms of ASBs, including anion-based rocking-chair batteries (ARBs), dual-ion batteries (DIBs), including insertion-type, conversion-type, and conversion-insertion-type, and reverse dual-ion batteries (RDIBs). Thereafter, we review the latest progresses and challenges regarding electrode materials and electrolytes for ASBs. In addition, we summarize the existing dilemmas of ASBs and outline the perspective of ASB technology for future grid storage.

Ma, H, Wang, T, Li, J, Yang, J, Liu, Z, Wang, N, Su, D & Wang, C 2021, 'Nitrogen Doped Carbon Coated Bi Microspheres as High-performance Anode for Half and Full Sodium Ion Batteries', CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL.
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Ma, J, Li, Y, Grundish, NS, Goodenough, JB, Chen, Y, Guo, L, Peng, Z, Qi, X, Yang, F, Qie, L, Wang, C-A, Huang, B, Huang, Z, Chen, L, Su, D, Wang, G, Peng, X, Chen, Z, Yang, J, He, S, Zhang, X, Yu, H, Fu, C, Jiang, M, Deng, W, Sun, C-F, Pan, Q, Tang, Y, Li, X, Ji, X, Wan, F, Niu, Z, Lian, F, Wang, C, Wallace, GG, Fan, M, Meng, Q, Xin, S, Guo, Y-G & Wan, L-J 2021, 'The 2021 battery technology roadmap', Journal of Physics D.
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Mohd Yusop, AY, Xiao, L & Fu, S 2021, 'Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of erectile dysfunction drugs and their analogues in food products', Forensic Science International, pp. 110748-110748.
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The presence of erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs in adulterated dietary supplements, mainly in pharmaceutical dosage forms, is frequently addressed in the literature. Little attention is given to food products despite their increasing adulteration trend. To address this knowledge gap targeted, suspected-target, and non-targeted strategies were utilised to analyse ED drugs and their analogues in powdered drink mix (PDM), honey, jelly, hard candy, and sugar-coated chewing gum using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The method was optimised and validated using 23 target analytes, representing different ED drugs with structural similarities. The modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction exhibited insignificant matrix effect (ME) within -9.2%–8.8% and provided complete coverage of target analytes with acceptable extraction recovery (RE) within 75.5%–123.9%, except for carbodenafil in the PDM matrix. Based on the ME and RE performance, the analytical method was validated to analyse 25 food samples that claimed to enhance male sexual performance. The method exhibited good specificity and linearity with a limit of detection within 10–70 ng/mL and limit of quantification of 80 ng/mL. Similarly, the accuracy and precision were satisfactory within 77.4%–122.0% and <16.7%RSD, respectively. The LC-HRMS targeted analysis, together with suspected-target and non-targeted screenings, identified and detected ten ED drugs from 24 food samples. The modified QuEChERS extraction with LC-HRMS-based method was demonstrated to be universally applicable to various food products, covering an extensive range of known and potentially novel ED drugs, which is valuable for routine casework.

Nan, J, Guo, X, Xiao, J, Li, X, Chen, W, Wu, W, Liu, H, Wang, Y, Wu, M & Wang, G 2021, 'Nanoengineering of 2D MXene-Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications.', Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany).
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2D MXene-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention because of their unique physical/chemical properties and wide range of applications in energy storage, catalysis, electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics. However, MXenes and their derivatives have many inherent limitations in terms of energy storage applications. In order to further improve their performance for practical application, the nanoengineering of these 2D materials is extensively investigated. In this Review, the latest research and progress on 2D MXene-based nanostructures is introduced and discussed, focusing on their preparation methods, properties, and applications for energy storage such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors. Finally, the critical challenges and perspectives required to be addressed for the future development of these 2D MXene-based materials for energy storage applications are presented.

Rangsinth, P, Sillapachaiyaporn, C, Nilkhet, S, Tencomnao, T, Ung, AT & Chuchawankul, S 2021, 'Mushroom-derived bioactive compounds potentially serve as the inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: An in silico approach', Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine.
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Sarker, PC, Guo, Y, Lu, HY & Zhu, JG 2021, 'Measurement and Modeling of Rotational Core Loss of Fe-Based Amorphous Magnetic Material under 2-D Magnetic Excitation', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 11.
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Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials are recently attracting strong interests for constructing high-power density and high-efficiency rotating electrical machines due to their attractive properties, such as low core loss and high magnetic saturation. Accurate measurement and modeling of the rotational core losses of the core magnetic materials, and the corresponding patterns of rotating magnetic flux density ( $B$ ) and magnetic field strength ( $H$ ) are important for the analysis and design of electrical machines. This article presents the measurement of rotational core loss of a Fe-based amorphous magnetic material (amorphous 1k101), and its corresponding modelings under two-dimensional (2-D) circularly and elliptically rotating magnetic fields. In addition, an improved and simplified analogical model of rotational hysteresis loss is proposed for such magnetic materials. The circular and elliptical $B$ loci and the corresponding $H$ loci have been investigated to acquire the perception of anisotropy and permeability of the amorphous materials. The proposed theory and models are experimentally verified.

Shi, Y, Tuan, HD, Savkin, A, Lin, C-T, Zhu, JG & Poor, HV 2021, 'Distributed model predictive control for joint coordination of demand response and optimal power flow with renewables in smart grid', APPLIED ENERGY, vol. 290.
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Sillapachaiyaporn, C, Rangsinth, P, Nilkhet, S, Ung, AT, Chuchawankul, S & Tencomnao, T 2021, 'Neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced ht-22 hippocampal cell damage and caenorhabditis elegans lifespan/healthspan enhancing activity of auricularia polytricha mushroom extracts', Pharmaceuticals, vol. 14, no. 10.
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Oxidative stress is associated with several diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, commonly found in the elderly. The attenuation of oxidative status is one of the alternatives for neuroprotection and anti-aging. Auricularia polytricha (AP), an edible mushroom, contains many therapeutic properties, including antioxidant properties. Herein, we report the effects of AP extracts on antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-aging activities. The neuroprotective effect of AP extracts against glutamate-induced HT-22 neuronal damage was determined by evaluating the cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Lifespan and healthspan assays were performed to examine the effects of AP extracts from Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that ethanolic extract (APE) attenuated glutamate-induced HT-22 cytotoxicity and increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Moreover, APE promoted in the longevity and health of the C. elegans. Chemical analysis of the extracts revealed that APE contains the highest quantity of flavonoids and a reasonable percentage of phenols. The lipophilic compounds in APE were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), revealing that APE mainly contains linoleic acid. Interestingly, linoleic acid suppressed neuronal toxicity and ROS accumulation from glutamate induction. These results indicate that AP could be an exciting natural source that may potentially serves as neuroprotective and anti-aging agents.

Su, L, Zhang, J, Chen, Y, Yang, W, Wang, J, Ma, Z, Shao, G & Wang, G 2021, 'Cobalt-embedded hierarchically-porous hollow carbon microspheres as multifunctional confined reactors for high-loading Li-S batteries', NANO ENERGY, vol. 85.
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Sun, X, Cao, J, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'A Composite Sliding Mode Control for SPMSM Drives Based on a New Hybrid Reaching Law With Disturbance Compensation', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1427-1436.
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Sun, X, Diao, K, Yang, Z, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'Direct Torque Control Based on a Fast Modeling Method for a Segmented-Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor in HEV Application', IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 232-241.
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Sun, X, Feng, L, Zhu, Z, Lei, G, Diao, K, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'Optimal Design of Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for Direct Torque Control of SRMs', IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.
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A nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (NTSMC) based on a direct torque control is presented for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) in this paper. To guarantee dynamic stability, the nonsingular terminal sliding mode based on an improved reaching law is employed to design the speed controller. The torque ripple of the system can be suppressed, and the disturbance caused by uncertainties like load disturbance and parameter perturbation can be suppressed by the proposed NTSMC. Moreover, the gray wolf optimization algorithm is applied to automatically adjust the parameters of the controllers and the value of given flux, thereby acquiring a satisfactory result. The NTSMC is validated by both simulation and experimental results with a six-phase 12/10 SRM. Compared with PI and conventional sliding mode control, NTSMC improves the convergence rate of state and exhibits better performance in torque ripple reduction and anti-disturbance ability. The robustness and dynamic performance of the system can be ensured.

Sun, X, Shi, Z, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'Multi-Objective Design Optimization of an IPMSM Based on Multilevel Strategy', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 139-148.
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Sun, X, Wan, B, Lei, G, Tian, X, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'Multiobjective and Multiphysics Design Optimization of a Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications', IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.
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Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have attracted much attention in industry due to the advantages of low cost, robust structure, high fault tolerance and high torque density. However, several disadvantages like high torque ripples and coil temperatures hinder their industrialization for some applications requiring high dynamic performance, like electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, a multiobjective and multiphysics design optimization method considering both thermal and electromagnetic performance is presented for a 12/10 SRM. First, the topology of the SRM is introduced and the optimal parameters are defined. Then, the electromagnetic finite element model (FEM) is introduced and the improved transient lumped-parameter thermal model (TLPTM), considering both axial and radial heat transfer for the SRM, is proposed. Second, the objectives and constraints of the optimization are determined. To improve the optimization efficiency, the sequential subspace optimization strategy is employed to find the optimal solution of this high-dimensional design optimization problem. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, both simulation and experimental results are given and discussed. Compared with the initial design, the optimal solution exhibits lower temperature, higher torque, lower torque ripple and less loss.

Sun, X, Wu, J, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'Torque Ripple Reduction of SRM Drive Using Improved Direct Torque Control With Sliding Mode Controller and Observer', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 9334-9345.
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Sun, X, Wu, M, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'An Improved Model Predictive Current Control for PMSM Drives Based on Current Track Circle', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 3782-3793.
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Sun, X, Zhang, Y, Lei, G, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2021, 'An Improved Deadbeat Predictive Stator Flux Control with Reduced-Order Disturbance Observer for In-Wheel PMSMs', IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.
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In this paper, an improved deadbeat predictive stator flux control (DPSFC) based on disturbance observer is proposed to improve the control performance of in-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with parameter mismatch and disturbance. First, the sensitivity of conventional deadbeat predictive current control to the parameter variation, including flux linkage, stator resistance and stator inductance, is analyzed. Then, a reduced-order observer based on additional disturbance state variables is designed to predict the future stator flux and observe the system disturbance caused by parameter mismatch. The proposed DPSFC method is able to enhance the robustness of the drive performance effectively via the compensations of one-step delay and stator voltage. Finally, the performance of the proposed control method is validated by simulations and experiments on a prototype of an in-wheel PMSM drive.

Sun, X, Zhang, Y, Tian, X, Cao, J & Zhu, J 2021, 'Speed Sensorless Control for IPMSMs Using a Modified MRAS with Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm', IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.
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This paper represents modified model reference adaptive system (MRAS) method for speed sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), which can estimate rotor speed and position information. In order to suppress the adverse effect of parameter variation on control performance, the stator resistance and the permanent magnet flux linkage are estimated and continuously updated in reference and adjustable model. Then, proportional-integral (PI) controller parameters of speed adaptive law obtained by model reference adaptive system are optimized by grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. In order to get the smallest possible speed following error and reference current error, the objective function is designed with discretized rotor speed error and current error as variables. The simulation results show the better performance of rotor speed estimation is obtained with GWO algorithm.

Tang, X, Zhou, D, Zhang, B, Wang, S, Li, P, Liu, H, Guo, X, Jaumaux, P, Gao, X, Fu, Y, Wang, C, Wang, C & Wang, G 2021, 'A universal strategy towards high–energy aqueous multivalent–ion batteries', Nature Communications.
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Tao, S, Wang, T, Wu, Y, Wang, C & Wang, G 2021, 'Removal of extremely low concentration cobalt by intercalation composite material of carbon nitride/titanium dioxide', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 415.
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Tian, H, Song, A, Tian, H, Liu, J, Shao, G, Liu, H & Wang, G 2021, 'Single-atom catalysts for high-energy rechargeable batteries', Chemical Science.
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Tian, H, Tian, H, Yang, W, Zhang, F, Yang, W, Zhang, Q, Wang, Y, Liu, J, Silva, SRP, Liu, H & Wang, G 2021, 'Stable Hollow-Structured Silicon Suboxide-Based Anodes toward High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries', ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, vol. 31, no. 25.
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Tkacheva, A, Sun, B, Zhang, J, Wang, G & McDonagh, AM 2021, 'Nitronyl Nitroxide-Based Redox Mediators for Li-O-2 Batteries', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 2824-2830.
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Wang, S, Zhao, S, Guo, X & Wang, G 2021, '2D Material-Based Heterostructures for Rechargeable Batteries', ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS.
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Wang, T, Sun, X, Guo, X, Zhang, J, Yang, J, Tao, S, Guan, J, Zhou, L, Han, J, Wang, C, Yao, H & Wang, G 2021, 'Ultraefficiently Calming Cytokine Storm Using Ti3C2Tx MXene', Small Methods.
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Wu, M, Sun, X, Zhu, J, Lei, G & Guo, Y 2021, 'Improved Model Predictive Torque Control for PMSM Drives Based on Duty Cycle Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 57, no. 2.
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Wu, Z, Zhou, J, Li, D, Ao, Z, An, T & Wang, G 2021, 'Density functional theory study on the enhanced adsorption mechanism of gaseous pollutants on Al-doped Ti2CO2 monolayer', Sustainable Materials and Technologies, vol. 29, pp. e00294-e00294.
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Xiao, J, Li, X, Tang, K, Wang, D, Long, M, Gao, H, Chen, W, Liu, C, Liu, H & Wang, G 2021, 'Recent progress of emerging cathode materials for sodium ion batteries', MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 3735-3764.
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Xiong, P, Zhang, F, Zhang, X, Liu, Y, Wu, Y, Wang, S, Safaei, J, Sun, B, Ma, R, Liu, Z, Bando, Y, Sasaki, T, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Wang, G 2021, 'Atomic-scale regulation of anionic and cationic migration in alkali metal batteries', Nature Communications.
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Xu, W, Li, X, Zhu, J & Wang, Q 2021, '3D Modelling and Testing of a Stator-Magnet Transverse-Flux Linear Oscillatory Machine for Direct Compressor Drive', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 8474-8486.
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A stator-magnet transverse-flux linear oscillatory machine is proposed for direct compressor drive. The robust transverse-flux structure with permanent magnets embedded in the stator yoke and a moving-iron translator can yield high reliability and is relatively simple to fabricate. For electromagnetic performance analysis, a linear model under the no-load condition and a nonlinear model under the loaded condition are developed by taking into account the axial leakage flux and saturation effects of iron core, respectively. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed analytical models are verified by comparing the results with those of the finite element analysis and the static experimental tests. Based on the measured static characteristics and damping coefficient, a system kinetic model is developed in the form of coupled equivalent electromechanical circuit, and validated by the results of dynamic test on a prototype. The key indices of the new machine are compared with those of an existing moving-magnet linear oscillatory machine, including the amount of permanent magnet usage, efficiency, and thrust density, etc. The case study results show that the proposed linear oscillatory machine is suitable for linear compressor drives.

Xu, W, Zhang, Y, Du, G, He, M & Zhu, J 2021, 'No-Load Performance Analysis of an Asymmetric-Pole Single-Phase Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Machine', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 2907-2918.
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Yan, J, Kuzhiumparambil, U, Bandodkar, A, Bandodkar, S, Dale, RC & Fu, S 2021, 'Cerebrospinal fluid metabolites in tryptophan-kynurenine and nitric oxide pathways: biomarkers for acute neuroinflammation.', Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology.
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Aim

To explore the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolite features in acute neuroinflammatory diseases and identify potential biomarkers to diagnose and monitor neuroinflammation.

Method

A cohort of 14 patients (five females, nine males; mean [median] age 7y 9mo [9y], range 6mo-13y) with acute encephalitis (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis n=6, unknown suspected viral encephalitis n=3, enteroviral encephalitis n=2, seronegative autoimmune encephalitis n=2, herpes simplex encephalitis n=1) and age-matched non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (n=14) were investigated using an untargeted metabolomics approach. CSF metabolites were analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, followed by subsequent multivariate and univariate statistical methods.

Results

A total of 35 metabolites could be discriminated statistically between the groups using supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and analysis of variance. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway contributed nine key metabolites. There was a statistical increase of kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and anthranilic acid in patients with encephalitis, whereas tryptophan, 3-hydroxyanthrnailic acid, and kynurenic acid were decreased. The nitric oxide pathway contributed four metabolites, with elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine and argininosuccinic acid, and decreased arginine and citrulline in patients with encephalitis. An increase in the CSF kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (p<0.001), anthranilic acid/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid ratio (p<0.001), asymmetric dimethylarginine/arginine ratio (p<0.001), and neopterin (p<0.001) strongly predicted neuroinflammation.

Interpretation

The combination of alterations in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, nitric oxide pathway, and neopterin represent a useful potential panel for neuroinflammation and holds potential for clinical translation practice.

Yang, J, Li, J, Wang, T, Notten, PHL, Ma, H, Liu, Z, Wang, C & Wang, G 2021, 'Novel hybrid of amorphous Sb/N-doped layered carbon for high-performance sodium-ion batteries', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 407.
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© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Antimony (Sb) based materials, which have been proved to be promising anodes to fabricate high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), have attracted considerable interest owing to its large theoretical capacity (660 mAh g−1), appropriate inserting potential of sodium (0.5–0.8 V vs Na+/Na), and moderate electrode polarization (~0.35 V). Unfortunately, fast capacity decay and serious structure pulverization resulting from large volume variation upon cycling are often observed for Sb-based anodes, and further structure design is needed. In this work, a novel hybrid of amorphous Sb/N-doped layered carbon (a-Sb/NC) was fabricated through a facile bottom-up method, where ultrafine amorphous Sb nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on layered N-doped carbon (NC). When applied as anode material for SIBs, this hybrid exhibits a large reversible capacity (479.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 up to 100 cycles), robust rate capability (298.7 mAh g−1 at current density of 2 A g−1), and remarkable stability upon long-term cycling (280.5 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 up to 500 cycles), outperforming most of the reported amorphous anodes for SIBs. In principle, such impressive sodium storage properties of a-Sb/NC should be mainly ascribed to the amorphous feature of Sb nanoparticles as well as the synergistic effect between amorphous Sb and layered NC, thereby endowing the composite with improved electron/ion dynamics and efficient self-buffering ability.

Yang, W, Yang, W, Dong, L, Shao, G, Wang, G & Peng, X 2021, 'Hierarchical ZnO nanorod arrays grown on copper foam as an advanced three-dimensional skeleton for dendrite-free sodium metal anodes', NANO ENERGY, vol. 80.
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Zhang, G, Morrison, D, Bao, G, Yu, H, Yoon, CW, Song, T, Lee, J, Ung, AT & Huang, Z 2021, 'An Amine-Borane System Featuring Room-Temperature Dehydrogenation and Regeneration', ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, vol. 60, no. 21, pp. 11725-11729.
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Zhang, T, Li, H, Liu, M, Zhou, H, Zhang, Z, Yu, C, Wang, C & Wang, G 2021, 'Improved the specificity of peroxidase-like carbonized polydopamine nanotubes with high nitrogen doping for glutathione detection', Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, vol. 341.
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The introduction of nitrogen heteroatoms into enzyme-like carbon materials is an effective strategy to enhance both catalytic activity and specificity. Herein, we described the preparation of the carbonized polydopamine nanotubes (C-DPANTs) using sacrificial halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) templates. The resulting nitrogen doped C-PDANTs (N-doped C-PDANTs) exhibit solely the peroxidase-like activity owing to the high N doping. N-doped C-PDANTs could catalyze the reduction of H O to produce OH radicals, which contributed to the oxidation of 3,3’, 5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrates. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism of N-doped C-PDANTs was further revealed by electrochemical measurements. N-doped C-PDANTs with pyridinic N and graphitic N compositions possess the capability to accelerate the electron transfer, thus facilitating the reduction of H O . The application of N-doped C-PDANTs were demonstrated in the sensitive detection of glutathione (GSH) in serum samples. Therefore, the present study provides a facile way to prepared peroxidase-like nanomaterials with high specificity. 2 2 2 2 ●

Zhao, S, Guo, Z, Yan, K, Guo, X, Wan, S, He, F, Sun, B & Wang, G 2021, 'The Rise of Prussian Blue Analogs: Challenges and Opportunities for High‐Performance Cathode Materials in Potassium‐Ion Batteries', Small Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 2000054-2000054.
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Zhao, S, Guo, Z, Yan, K, Wan, S, He, F, Sun, B & Wang, G 2021, 'Towards high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries: Strategies for developing high-capacity lithium-rich cathode materials', ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS, vol. 34, pp. 716-734.
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Zhao, S, Guo, Z, Yang, J, Wang, C, Sun, B & Wang, G 2021, 'Nanoengineering of Advanced Carbon Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries', SMALL.
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Zhao, S, Yan, K, Liang, J, Yuan, Q, Zhang, J, Sun, B, Munroe, P & Wang, G 2021, 'Phosphorus and Oxygen Dual-Doped Porous Carbon Spheres with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics as Anode Materials for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors', ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS.
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Zhao, S, Yan, K, Zhang, J, Sun, B & Wang, G 2021, 'Reaction Mechanisms of Layered Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries.', Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English).
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Layered lithium-rich cathode materials have attracted extensive interest owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (320-350 mA h g-1 ). However, poor cycling stability and sluggish reaction kinetics inhibit their practical applications. After many years of quiescence, interest in layered lithium-rich cathode materials is expected to revive in answer to our increasing dependence on high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we review recent research progress and in-depth descriptions of the structure characterization and reaction mechanisms of layered lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials. In particular, we comprehensively summarize the proposed reaction mechanisms of both the cationic redox reaction of transition-metal ions and the anionic redox reaction of oxygen species. Finally, we discuss opportunities and challenges facing the future development of lithium-rich cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Zhao, Y, Zhang, J, Xie, Y, Sun, B, Jiang, J, Jiang, W-J, Xi, S, Yang, HY, Yan, K, Wang, S, Guo, X, Li, P, Han, Z, Lu, X, Liu, H & Wang, G 2021, 'Constructing Atomic Heterometallic Sites in Ultrathin Nickel-Incorporated Cobalt Phosphide Nanosheets via a Boron-Assisted Strategy for Highly Efficient Water Splitting', NANO LETTERS, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 823-832.
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Zhou, D, Tang, X, Zhang, X, Zhang, F, Wu, J, Kang, F, Li, B & Wang, G 2021, 'Multi-ion Strategy toward Highly Durable Calcium/Sodium-Sulfur Hybrid Battery', NANO LETTERS, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 3548-3556.
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