Publications

Fleming, P 2009, Authenticity and the Cultural Politics of Work New Forms of Informal Control, Oxford University Press.
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Now many large corporations can be found exhorting their employees to simply be themselves. This book critically investigates the increasing popularity of personal authenticity in corporate ideology and practice.

Fleming, P & Zyglidopoulos, SC 2009, Charting corporate corruption: Agency, structure and escalation, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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In the post-Enron era, corporate corruption is increasingly on the research agenda. This informative book provides a novel approach by charting the causes of corruption. It demonstrates how agency (decisions and choices of individuals) and structure (the contextual pressures in the business environment) can interact to result in the rapid escalation of corporate crime. By analyzing and describing the social psychological dimensions of this escalation, the book will be effective in creating preventive measures that can be designed and implemented in business organizations. © Peter Fleming and Stelios C. Zyglidopoulos 2009. All rights reserved.

Leung, LT, Finney Lamb, C & Emrys, L 2009, Technology's Refuge: the use of technology by asylum seekers and refugees, 1, UTS ePress, Sydney, Australia.
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This research by Linda Leung investigated the use of Information communication technologies (ICT) by refugees during flight, displacement and in settlement. It examined the impact of Australias official policy of mandatory detention on how asylum seekers and refugees maintain links to diasporas and networks of support. Given the restricted contact with the world outside of the immigration detention centre, the study juxtaposed forms and processes of technology-mediated communication between institutionalised detention with those of displacement and settlement. The research found that while there were obstacles to communication in situations of conflict and dislocation, asylum seekers and refugees are able to `make do with the technology options available to them in ways which were less constrained than in detention settings. Communication practices during the settlement process focused on learning new technologies, and repairing the disconnections with family members resulting from separation and detention.

Schweinsberg, SC 2009, Sustainable Tourism Development and Rural Community Values: An Examination of Australia's Forest Regions, 1st, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.

Adair, D 2009, 'Australia' in Routledge Companion to Sports History, pp. 330-349.
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Despite the high profile of sport in Australian culture, the historical analysis of sport there has a low profile, whether in terms of academic research, media interest, or the reading public. Australian sport fans are eager to recount glorious performances by the nation’s teams and athletes, and certainly indulge themselves in eulogistic books and magazines about sport. However, these enthusiasts have comparatively little knowledge about, or interest in, Australian history and the role of sport in shaping its evolution. This is, in large part, a reflection of inadequate education: In many schools history has been supplanted as a key area of study, with the Australian story conveyed as part of broad brush subjects such as ‘social studies’ or ‘civics and citizenship’.1 Moreover, at university level Australian history is typically taught with scant regard for the explanatory potential of sport and physical culture. Too often, sport has been relegated by Australian academics to the ‘toy department’ rather than the history department where, incidentally, there are few scholars for whom sport is a serious focus of research.2 This is illogical, because sport can provide important insights into themes and issues that have been pivotal to the evolution of Australian history. Indeed, as this chapter indicates, sports historians have carved out areas of research that contribute ably to the study of Australia’s past. It should be acknowledged that two of the best known chroniclers of Australian history, Manning Clark and Geofirey Blainey, both recognized the role of sport in community and nation building. Clark’s epic six-volume collection A History of Australia (1963-87) includes numerous scattered references to major sports, such as cricket and Australian Rules football, as well as moments of high drama, such as the famous AngloAustralian ‘Bodyline’ series.3 It would be an exaggeration, though, to claim that sport was a key theme in Clark’s narrative, despite his personal...

Cao, L, Yu, PS, Zhang, C & Zhang, H 2009, 'Preface' in Cao, L, Yu, PS, Zhang, C & Zhang, H (eds), Data Mining for Business Applications, Springer, pp. v-vi.

Clarke, T & Klettner, AL 2009, 'The development of corporate governance in Australia' in Jolly, A & Burmajster, A (eds), The Handbook of International Corporate Governance, Institute of Directors and Kogan Page, London and Philadelphia, pp. 334-345.
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A well-established corporate governance framework should ensure that corporate boards effectively monitor managerial performance and achieve an equitable return for shareholders - reinforcing the values of fairness, transparency, accountability and responsibility. But new legislation - notably the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the US, and the UK's Companies Act - means new duties and benchmarks for directors and senior managers, particularly for those with cross-jurisdictional responsibilities. With commentary from the World Bank, BP, 3i, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Watson Wyatt, 'The Handbook of International Corporate Governance' looks at shareholder rights and directors' responsibilities, issues relating to control and disclosure, and the relevant legislation and codes of practice. There is a major section of the book that provides coverage of corporate governance practice for 21 separate jurisdictions, as well as five regional overviews, with each profile focusing on key areas such as the development of laws, models and codes; board structures; shareholder rights; disclosure and transparency; responsibility; directors; and, executive pay and performance.

Clegg, S & Carter, C 2009, 'Globalization and Organizational Behavior' in Clegg, S & Cooper, C (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Volume II - Macro Approaches, SAGE Publications Ltd, London, UK, pp. 496-508.
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Clegg, S & Haugaard, M 2009, 'The SAGE Handbook of Power' in Riello, G & McNeil, P (eds), The Fashion History Reader: Global Perspectives, SAGE Publications Ltd, London and New York, pp. 1-14.
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Scholars have paid a great deal of attention to the changing role and nature of fashion, both conceptually and practically. They have underlined how present-day societies find thei,. identity and formulate thei,. understanding of change not simply by referring to technological progress, economic growth or cultural transformation in society, but also through the medium of fashion. Today few individuals would deny the powerful role of fashion in everyday life. The media presents us with an array of images from the real to the fantastic. Large multinational corporations and powerful fashion houses shape the discourse of fashion, influence public opinion and sct in place global productive and distributive structures. Fashion is thus a specific vision of change that is shaped by practices, economic systems and actors. Fashion is also heavily contested, opposed and criticised. It retains in the public mind strong connections with vanity, frivolity, waste and folly. It can be conveniently blamed for everything from psychological illness, the ratings of Miss World, nastiness on Project Runway and the death of baby animals. \There is something about fashion that can make people ve!'y nervous' remarks Vogue editor Anna Wintour in the 2009 film The September Issue.

Clegg, S & Lounsbury, M 2009, 'Weber: Sintering the Iron Cage Translation, Domination, and Rationality Stewart Clegg' in The Oxford Handbook of Sociology and Organization Studies, Oxford University Press, pp. 118-145.
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Abstract This article emphasizes how Weber's approach to bureaucracy was first and foremost a cultural theory. In addition, it shows how the very notion of rationality for Weber was multiplex and culturally embedded. Conceptualizing organizational environments as comprised of multiple modes of rationality and forms of domination can lead to an understanding of the ‘iron cage’ as more porous than is traditionally thought, thus opening up new lines of multilevel analysis. This article therefore aims to sinter the iron cage. Sintering is a method to make metal porous, and the porosity allows lubricants to flow through the medium of the metal. The article briefly highlights some of Weber's key works and reviews scholarly developments in organizational theory that have stemmed from his scholarship. It then discusses how some lines of inquiry have been eschewed in favor of others, and how a reengagement with some core foundational ideas can spur new lines of theoretical development.

Clegg, SR 2009, 'Managing Power in Organizations: The Hidden History of its Constitution' in Clegg, SR & Haugaard, M (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Power, SAGE Publications Ltd, London, UK, pp. 310-331.
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Management as a practice of power involving the imposition of will is directed at framing not only the conduct of others but also oneself. It is a form of govemment linking how to mandate'with 'how to obey'. Managing implies power because it involves governing the conduct of oneself and others. Managing in any epoch will be a particular skill that involves execution and doing. It will be active, a practice. Moreover, it will not merely be a practice of the self - one doesn't just learn how to be a manager - but it is also a practice of the many others who are to be managed. Others must leam to be managed just as those who will manage them must leam that which constitutes managing in any given place and time.

Clegg, SR & Haugaard, M 2009, 'Discourse of Power' in Clegg, S & Haugaard, M (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Power, SAGE Publications Ltd, London, UK, pp. 400-465.
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Writing a conclusion to such a large and varied volume as this was a task that demanded some consideration. Obviously, we had commissioned the pieces that we did because we thought that the authors invited were the best able to address the topics that they were invited to address. Yet, we wanted to engage with the contributors in this conclusion, not to treat them irreverently but not to teat tlem too reverently either. We wanted to engage in tribute and critique of their efforts, in the most positive and constructive sense of these terms; tribute as praise, review, as acknowledgement. In doing this we pay tribute to our contributors, in attempting to probe and understand the limitations Lotft of the concept itself and the contributors' understandings of it. We seek to deploy reasoned judgement in our readings, drawing on a broad background of analysis, one that is capable, we hope, of the interpretive leaps needed for seasoned and systematic inquiry into the conditions and consequences of the use of a concept as central and as contested as'power'. Having made this decision, there was the question of how we should organize our ideas.When we started to write the conclusion we were on opposite sides of the earth, so the opportunities for face-to-face discussion were precluded. Mark suggested that we might try *d conduct a conversation by e-mail, as a dialogue about the chapters, pulling out the points and implications that seemed significant. So this is what we did. The conversation started with Mark.

Dalton, BM & Wilson, R 2009, 'Improving quality in Australian child care: the role of the media and non-profit providers' in King, D & Meagher, G (eds), Paid Care in Australia: Politics, Profits, Practices, Sydney University Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 204-230.
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It is widely acknowledged that the quality of cen tre-based care for young children is a critical determin ant of a range of positive social, education and health-related outcomes (Barnett & Ackerman 2006; Vandell et al, 1988; Schweinhar t et at. 1993). Yet in 2001, Australia ranked at near the bottom of an OECD league table measuring how much countries invest in children's earliest years (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2001). Further, Australia's quality assurance regime for child care has been criticised, particularly for its failure to make reliable or comparable information on th e quality of child care services readily available to parents (Radich 2002; Hill, Pocock & Elliott 2007; Rush 2006).

Edwards, DC & Foley, CT 2009, 'Australian War Memorial, Australian Museum and the Art Gallery of New South Wales' in Holmes, K & Smith, K (eds), Managing Volunteers in Tourism, Elsevier, London, UK, pp. 159-173.
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This case study tells the story of how three large museums in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory in Australia manage their volunteers. Each museum operates a successful volunteer program for which there is a waiting list of volunteers. The volunteers at each museum are well managed, happy, and doing a valuable job for their respective organizations. We can learn something from their success. The volunteer coordinators from each organization have also identified areas in which their volunteers could be better managed in terms of the volunteer programs' integration into the larger organization and the ongoing support and training of the managers and coordinators who supervise volunteers. These are significant insights from practitioners in the field, which provide valuable learning opportunities. The case study provides an overview of the three organizations and their successful volunteer programs, and identifies key issues and a model for successful volunteer management. Three prominent Australian museums are the center of this case study: The Australian War Memorial (the Memorial), located in Canberra, the capital city of Australia, in the Australian Capital Territory; the Australian Museum (the Museum), located next to Hyde Park in the center of Sydney, New South Wales; and, also in central Sydney, the Art Gallery of New South Wales (the Gallery), located in The Domain.

Foley, CT & Hayllar, BR 2009, 'Freedom to be: friendship and community at holiday parks' in Fleming, S, Andrews, H, Hackett, P, Meadows, M & Selby, M (eds), Leisure and Tourism: International Perspectives on Cultural Practice, Leisure Studies Association, United Kingdom, pp. 33-52.

Goodall, H, Wearing, SL, Byrne, D & Cadzow, AJ 2009, 'Everyday Multiculturalism' in Wise, A & Velayutham, S (eds), Everyday Multiculturalism, Palgrave Macmillan UK, United Kingdom, pp. 177-198.
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Green, R, Liyanage, S, Pitsis, TS, scott-kemis, D & Agarwal, R 2009, 'Fostering Young Entrepreneurial and Managerial Talent' in OECD (ed), OECD, OECD, Geneva, pp. 1-127.
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Prepared for the OECD by the University of Technology Sydney, Australia, September 2009; Authorship - Green, R., Liyanage, S., Pitsis, T., Scott-Kemis, D. and Agarwal R.

Hayllar, B, Edwards, D, Griffin, T & Dickson, T 2009, 'Inside the triangle: images of a capital.' in Maitland, R & Ritchie, BW (eds), City tourism: national capital perspectives, CABI, UK, pp. 77-93.
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Holmes, K & Smith, K 2009, 'Managing Volunteers in Tourism' in Managing Volunteers in Tourism: Attractions, Destinations and Events, Routledge, Oxford, UK, pp. 161-174.
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Keller, LR, Simon, J & Wang, Y 2009, 'Multiple objective decision analysis involving multiple stakeholders' in Oskoorouchi, MR (ed), TutORials in Operations Research - Decision Technologies and Applications, INFORMS, Hanover, USA, pp. 139-155.

McCann, J & Bryson, D 2009, 'Preface' in Smart Clothes and Wearable Technology, Elsevier, pp. xxi-xxiii.
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Onyx, J, Bullen, P & Edwards, M 2009, 'Social capital: A meta analysis' in Woolcock, G & Manderson, L (eds), Social Capital and Social Justice: Critical Australian Perspectives, Charles Darwin University Press, Darwin NT, pp. 151-168.
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Perrott, B 2009, 'Managing Organizational Change in Public Services' in By, RT & Macleod, C (eds), Managing Organizational Change in Public Services: International Issues, Challenges and Cases, Routledge, New York, USA, pp. 39-57.
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As in the private sector, public sector organizations face increasingly turbulent operating environments. To succeed and survive, public sector managers need to progressively adapt and change in order to mai ntain an alignment between conditions of the environment and their organizational direction and capabilities. Strategic issue management is one disCipline that, when practised effectively, can facilitate the ongoing management of this alignment process and of organizational cbange. This chapter will examine aspects of strategic issues management as one useful component of the change management process when applied to public sector organizations. First, the chapter will discuss general conditions facing the public sector, and explore the current operating environment. Second, it wiJJ provide suggestions on how to measure environmental turbulence in order to inform managers and prepare them for organizational change. Third, the chapter will look at strategic management, and in particular strategic issue management, as sets of tools and processes that can be effective and appropriate in the process of managing change in public sector organizations operating in high levels of turbulence.

Pina e Cunha, M, Vieira Da Cunha, J & Clegg, SR 2009, 'Improvisational Bricolage: A Practice-based Approach to Strategy and Foresight' in Costanzo, LA & MacKay, RB (eds), Handbook of Research on Strategy and Foresight, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, pp. 182-199.
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Wearing, S & Ponting, J 2009, 'Breaking down the System: How Volunteer Tourism Contributes to New Ways of Viewing Commodified Tourism' in Jamal, T & Robinson, M (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies, SAGE Publications Ltd, UK, pp. 255-269.
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This chapter argues that models of tourism based on commodified agendas continue to hold dominance in both the theory and practice of tourism. Tourism in the free market economy represents the commercialization of the human need to travel and exploits natural and cultural resources as means to profit accumulation. Despite impressive foreign exchange earnings, transnational tourism corporations operating in developing countries incur high rates of economic leakage. Through high rates of imports, profit repatriation, high levels of expatriate management staffing, and investment incentive schemes, neoliberalist models of tourism generally result in tourist experiences which not only prevent tourists and destination communities from interacting on an equal footing, but which also provide only limited contributions to local communities in developing countries (Meyer, 2007; Schilcher, 2007).

Adair, D 2009, 'Australian Sport History: From the Founding Years to Today', Sport in History, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 405-436.
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The academic study of sport history in Australia is a relatively recent initiative, dating back to the 1970s. It was inspired by a handful of enterprising scholars, each of whom is now retired. The following paper has two aims. First, it reflects on the efforts of early sport historians to carve out a research niche within the Australian academy. In keeping with the festschrift theme, it also dwells upon the profound influence of Wray Vamplew - a Yorkshireman who had the temerity to help pioneer sport history in an Antipodean setting. Second, the main body of the paper goes on to identify three key areas of research developed over the past thirty years by scholars of Australian sport history, then concludes with recommendations for further research.

Agarwal, R & Selen, W 2009, 'Dynamic Capability Building in Service Value Networks for Achieving Service Innovation', Decision Sciences, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 431-475.
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ABSTRACTService organizations increasingly create new service offerings that are the result of collaborative arrangements operating on a value network level. This leads to the notion of “elevated service offerings,” our definition of service innovation, implying new or enhanced service offerings that can only be eventuated as a result of partnering, and one that could not be delivered on individual organizational merits. Using empirical data from a large telecommunications company, we demonstrate through structural equation modeling (SEM) that higher‐order dynamic capabilities in services are generated as a result of collaboration between stakeholders. Furthermore, it is through collaboration and education of the stakeholders that additional higher‐order capabilities emerge (customer engagement [CuE], collaborative agility [CA], entrepreneurial alertness [EA], and collaborative innovative capacity), all of which influence the service innovation outcome. Our study also reveals empirical evidence for an ongoing process of continuous dynamic capability building in accordance with the changing dynamics of business. Managers of service organizations should recognize the potential embedded in these higher‐order skill sets, starting from collaboration, learning, and management of creative ideas for both strategic and operational benefits. Moreover, the capabilities of CA, EA, and CuE are even more important in managing the flexibility, timely delivery, and reliability of service offerings. Managers should take measures to inculcate, promote, and manage these dynamic capability skill sets to foster innovation in services.

Benckendorff, P, Edwards, D, Jurowski, C, Liburd, JJ, Miller, G & Moscardo, G 2009, 'Exploring the Future of Tourism and Quality of Life', Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 171-183.
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The article reports on the future of tourism and its impact on the quality of life of residents. There has been very little research into the impact tourism has on residents and their community or their attitudes towards tourism. A research model used for determining the future of tourism is the Futures Wheel which is a structured mind-mapping method that looks into trends and decisions. During the mind-mapping one should focus on identifying the most ideal methods and futures for tourism as well as possible outcomes.

Bjørkeng, K, Clegg, S & Pitsis, T 2009, 'Becoming (a) Practice', Management Learning, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 145-159.
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This article presents findings from longitudinal ethnographic research of a mega-project alliance. For five years we followed the leadership team of a large Australian Alliance Program made up of a large public and several private organizations, analyzing `practice' as novel patterns of interaction developed into predictable arrays of activities, changing and transforming while at the same time continuing to be referred to as `the same'. In this article we focus on three such arrays of activities: authoring boundaries, negotiating competencies and adapting materiality. We suggest that these are essential mechanisms in becoming a practice. While most studies of practice deal with already established practices, the significance of our research is that we develop a notion of practice as it unfolds. In this way we can provide a better account of the constant change inherent in practices.

Cashman, R 2009, 'A Continuing Legacy - The Sydney Experience', The Bulletin of the International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education, vol. 49.

Cashman, R 2009, 'Asia's place in the imaging of Australian sport', Sport in Society, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 933-946.
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Since the 1970s, the Australian-Asian sport relationship has intensified and has developed greater depth. There have been an increasing number of tours to and from Asia, Australian involvement in Asian competitions, player exchanges, Australian investment in Asia and vice versa, as well as coach and information exchange. Australian players and spectators have become more familiar with Asian sport and what it means to play in Asia and against Asian players. Australian sport, as a result of globalization, has become more closely tied to Asian sport and this interconnectedness is likely to increase in the future. The greater involvement of Australian sport in Asia has had subtle changes in the imaging of Australian sport as a result of an increasing prominence of 'multiculturality' and 'polyethnicity'. It remains to be seen whether this increasing awareness of 'each other' will necessarily result in greater cultural understanding or lesser stereotyping on both sides.

Clarke, T & Klettner, AL 2009, 'Regulatory responses to the global financial crisis - the next cycle of corporate governance reform?', Keeping Good Companies, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 280-286.
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The causes of the global financial crisis are complex and multidimensional. A combination of factors including low interest rates, highly complex financial products, poor risk management and excessive incentive schemes contributed to the spectacular failure of many financial institutions, which in turn has damaged the wider international economy. The long-term policy response to deal with the crisis has focused on issues of transparency, disclosure, and risk management. The coordinated global effort to rebuild the financial system and restore economic growth has three essential dimensions: containing the contagion and restoring market operations coping with long-term systemic problems aligning international regulation and oversight of financial institutions.

Clegg, S 2009, 'Book Review: Michael Thompson Organising and disorganising: A dynamic and non-linear theory of institutional emergence and its implications', Organization Studies, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 909-912.
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Clegg, S 2009, 'Bureaucracy, the Holocaust and Techniques of Power at Work', management revu, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 326-347.
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Clegg, SR 2009, 'Book Review: Barbara Townley Reason's Neglect: Rationality and Organizing', Organization Studies, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 803-806.
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Clegg, SR & Starbuck, WH 2009, 'Unplugged: Can we still fix M@n@gement? The narrow path towards a brighter future in organizing practices', M@n@gement, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 332-359.
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While global warming stimulates debate on how to make organizations greener, the overheating of the world economy urges us to reconsider the ways in which we conceive management and organizing practices both as researchers and teachers. Exploitation as we know it may be behind us, but does this entail ideating a revolution to prepare a brighter future? Or are we simply facing a time of evolution? To put it more simply: is it time to unplug an overheating system and start from scratch, or can we still fix management and organizing practices? The path between an abstract scientism disconnected from reality and our subjection to short-term managerial interests is a narrow one. Both criticisms offer insight into our responsibility as researchers and teachers in the world as it is today. They can help us to redefine our connection with managerial practices and define the path we can follow to play a part in securing a brighter future.

Clegg, SR & van Iterson, A 2009, 'Dishing the dirt: gossiping in organizations', CULTURE AND ORGANIZATION, vol. 15, no. 3-4, pp. 275-289.
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In an exercise in social theory, rather than an empirical investigation, we concentrate on the role of gossip - spreading 'news about the affairs of another' - in relation to the dynamics of power in organizations. Gossip has often been seen in functional terms, as both positive and negative for the organization. In this paper we challenge this functionalist approach. Gossip can be associated with what Freud called the narcissism of minor differences: the gossipers tend not to be too dissimilar from those gossiped about in terms of proximity. Propinquity may increase the animosity of gossip. We see formal organization as a self-regulating system that constantly refines its boundaries, and gossip is the dirt that trickles in and out of these boundaries, illegitimate, formally disdained and often destructive. The writer who has done most to encourage and clarify thinking about the nature of dirt is Mary Douglas, the anthropologist, especially her notion of expressive pollution. The paper concludes with some implications for ethics in practice viewed through power relations.

Collins, J & Reid, C 2009, 'Minority Youth, Crime, Conflict, and Belonging in Australia', Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 377-391.
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In recent decades, the size and diversity of the minority population of contemporary western societies has increased significantly. To the critics of immigration, minority youth have been increasingly linked to crime, criminal gangs, anti-social behaviour, and riots. In this article, we draw on fieldwork conducted in Sydney, Australias largest and most ethnically diverse city, to probe aspects of the criminality, anti-social behaviour, national identity, and belonging of ethnic minority youth in Australia. We conclude that the evidence on minority youth criminality is weak and that the panic about immigrant youth crime and immigrant youth gangs is disproportionate to the reality, drawing on and in turn creating racist stereotypes, particularly with youth of `Middle Eastern appearance. A review of the events leading up to the Sydney Cronulla Beach riots of December 2005 suggests that the underlying cause of the riots were many years of international, national, and local anti-Arab, anti-Muslim media discourse, and political opportunism, embedded in changing but persistent racist attitudes and practises. Our argument is that such inter-ethnic conflict between minority and majority youth in Sydney is the exception, not the rule. Finally, we draw on a hitherto unpublished survey of youth in Sydney to explore issues of national identity and belonging among young people of diverse ethnic and religious background. We conclude that minority youth in Sydney do not live `parallel lives but contradictory, inter-connected cosmopolitan lives. They are connected to family and local place, have inter-ethnic friendships but are often disconnected to the nation and the flag.

Costas, J & Fleming, P 2009, 'Beyond dis-identification: A discursive approach to self-alienation in contemporary organizations', Human Relations, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 353-378.
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Dis-identification is now an important research area in organization studies investigating how employees subjectively distance themselves from managerial domination by constructing identities considered more `authentic'. But how should we understand situations where actors become aware that their putative`real' selves are paradoxically unreal and foreign? We draw inspiration from the concept of self-alienation to explain experiences beyond dis-identification, where actors perceive the truth of themselves (`who I really am') as alien. An empirical study of a global management consultancy firm demonstrates how a discursive and non-essentialist understanding of self-alienation might usefully capture this experience of identity. Three causes of self-alienation are proposed and we discuss their significance in relation to identity and authenticity in contemporary organizations.

Dalton, BM & Jung, K 2009, 'Feeding the dictator or making a difference? The experiences of international aid and development agencies in North Korea 1995-2005', The International Review of Korean Studies, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-28.
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Since 2005 food aid to North Korea has been in steep decline, however, during the period 1995 to 2005 North Korea received more food aid from the UN World Food Programme (WFP) and US government than any other country. Similarly, private relief aid to North Korea significantly increased, with approximately 130 organisations worldwide providing over US$2 billion in aid between 1995 and 2005. This article revisits this period marked by the most extensive engagement of humanitarian organisations since the establishment of the Democratic Peopleâs Republic of Korea (DPRK) in 1948. In the context of this dependence on foreign aid the article examines the impact of International Aid Agencies or International Nongovernment Organisationsâ (INGOs) operations, not only in humanitarian terms but with regards to political, social and economic development. We argue that due to tight operating restrictions there was no discernable impact on North Korean society or the polity. However, it is argued that longer term and unanticipated effects are likely due to the extensive diversion of aid to the emerging informal market economy.

Dalton, BM, Wilson, R & Harvison, J 2009, 'Job satisfaction and HR issues for nurses in non-profit, non-hospital settings', Employment Relations Record, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-18.
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High levels of nursing staff turnover have placed increasing pressure on the healthcare systems in many countries (Andrews & Dziegielewski 2005; Ruggiero 2005; Lynn & Redman 2005). The impact of high turnover in nursing staff and related nursing skills shortages has been wide-ranging, from reducing the effectiveness and productivity of health organisations to reducing access to services and the quality of patient care (Saratoga Institute & Kepner-Tregoe 1999, Hay Group 2001). Recognition of the severity of these impacts has encouraged professionals and researchers to identify new ways to attract and retain nursing staff with hundreds of articles and reports published about the issue in recent years.

Darcy, S & Dickson, TJ 2009, 'A Whole-of-Life Approach to Tourism: The Case for Accessible Tourism Experiences', Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 32-44.
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This article examines the concept of a whole-of-life approach to tourism through presenting the case for 'accessible tourism'. The importance of this approach is that it has been estimated that 30% of a population will have access requirements at any point in time, and most people will have a disability at some stage during their life. This article presents the case for proactively developing a strategic accessible tourism approach by presenting a brief background to the area. First, the article outlines the relationship between access, disability, ageing and tourism. Second, it reviews the development of easy access markets and accessible tourism, and places these in context to universal design. Third, the article overviews pertinent legislation that shapes the accessible tourism environment in Australia. Fourth, accessible environments are placed within context to destination management and accessible destination experiences. The article concludes by presenting four contemporary Australian examples of accessible destination experiences within broader destination management approaches.

Darcy, S & Taylor, T 2009, 'Disability citizenship: an Australian human rights analysis of the cultural industries', Leisure Studies, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 419-441.
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Research on disability and cultural life (the arts, leisure, recreation, sport and tourism) in the Australian context has largely been captured by medical approaches to disability. In contrast, this paper takes direction from social approaches to disability that place the experience of people with disabilities (PwD) at the centre of the research paradigm by examining this population's human rights' experiences. The paper is framed by reviewing the United Nations' disability initiatives including the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities. The research then analyses the implementation and operation of Australia's Disability Discrimination Act, 1992 in respect to the cultural life of PwD. The research design uses a mixed method interpretive approach drawing on the management information systems of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission and the Federal Court. The analysis of 420 complaint cases and 80 Federal court actions show a relationship between the types of discrimination experienced in cultural life and gender, disability type and industry sector. The recurring themes of discrimination demonstrate an ongoing struggle by PwD to assert their rights of citizenship. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.

Darcy, S & Wearing, S 2009, 'Public–private partnerships and contested cultural heritage tourism in national parks: a case study of the stakeholder views of the North Head Quarantine Station (Sydney, Australia)', Journal of Heritage Tourism, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 181-199.
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This paper examines the public perceptions of stakeholders towards a proposed cultural heritage public–private partnership (PPP) within a national park in Sydney, Australia. Governments in Australia are initiating PPPs for the purposes of designing, planning, constructing and operating projects that would traditionally be regarded as ‘public goods’. The North Head Quarantine Station (Sydney, Australia) was one of the first proposed PPPs in national parks that moved beyond the licensing of private sector operations within park boundaries. The Quarantine Station is used as a case study to offer insights into the PPP process because of its place in the cultural heritage of Australia, its prime a facie tourism position within Sydney Harbour and its prolonged history of development. The case study provides a mechanism for examining public opinion on cultural heritage tourism issues in national parks through understanding stakeholder perspectives presented in newspaper media accounts. The accounts are analysed on political and environmental considerations with implications drawn for future developments. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Davis, D, Connor, RW, Perry, LJ, Perrott, B & Topple, SJ 2009, 'The work of the casual academic teacher: A case study', Employment Relations Record, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 37-54.

Di Domenico, M & Fleming, P 2009, '`It's a guesthouse not a brothel': Policing sex in the home-workplace', Human Relations, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 245-269.
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This article aims to explain why guesthouse or `Bed & Breakfast' proprietors in the UK attempt to police sex among guests. Unlike interactive service situations that take place in more neutral locations, guesthouse proprietors open their homes to customers. We propose that they attempt to regulate sexual conduct (as well as other behaviours) in an attempt to delineate their homes as a traditional sphere of family values and purity. Sex is `useful' in this regard for defining what their home is not — a `seedy' hotel or even a brothel. The article presents evidence of the specific regulatory mechanisms deployed by proprietors and the rationale behind them. The research contributes to the interactive service work literature by illustrating the unique tensions experienced by this subset of home-workers, and the organizational sexuality literature, by exploring its importance in settings where the putative private/public dichotomy is overtly undermined.

Dwyer, L & Edwards, D 2009, 'Tourism Product and Service Innovation to Avoid 'Strategic Drift'', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 321-335.
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Dealing with change in the external environment creates substantial challenges for tourism managers. Given the complexity of strategy formulation it is difficult for managers to analyse all aspects of their environment or establish precise objectives, consequently business strategies tend to be characterised by small strategic adjustments or incrementalism. However, these marginal adjustments of strategy within an organisation's existing culture may lead to strategic drift reflecting strategies that are inconsistent with changes taking place in the external environment. The paper begins with a brief overview of the global trends that comprise the remote environment of tourism organisations. It argues that the standard response of tourism organisations to changes in the remote environment can be characterised as strategic incrementalism. The paper also addresses the concern that strategic incrementalism can give rise to strategic drift. In the face of changing global trends the paper explores some of the barriers that must be overcome, discussing seven areas of importance on which managers can focus to assist them to avoid strategic drift.

Dwyer, L, Edwards, D, Mistilis, N, Roman, C & Scott, N 2009, 'Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future', TOURISM MANAGEMENT, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 63-74.
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A key element of a successful tourism industry is the ability to recognise and deal with change across a wide range of key factors and the way they interact. Key drivers of global change within the external environment can be classified as Economic, Political, Environmental, Technological, Demographic and Social. Based on a series of workshops comprising a range of Australian tourism stakeholders this paper explores the way in which these key drivers could affect the global tourism industry to the year 2020. An exploration of these trends allows important change agents, on both the supply side and the demand side of tourism, to be highlighted and discussed. In response, innovative strategies can be formulated by destination managers and tourism operators to avoid strategic drift for their organizations and to develop tourism in a sustainable way. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fleming, P & Sturdy, A 2009, '“Just be yourself!”', Employee Relations, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 569-583.
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PurposeThe paper seeks to explore the nature and employee experience of an emergent approach to managing employees which emphasises “being yourself” through the expression of fun, individuality and difference.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilises interviews and observations in a US‐owned call centre in Australia.FindingsThe management approach outlined is located within the emergence of market rationalism and associated claims of the limitations of normative control. With its emphasis on diversity and identity derived from non‐(paid) work contexts, it is presented as complementary to, but distinct from, the group conformity and organisational identity associated with conventional culture and “fun” management. The seemingly liberal regime is shown to be controlling in its limited scope and by exposing more of the employees' self to the corporation. This raises questions about the nature of workplace control, resistance and the meaning of authenticity at work.Originality/valueThe research provides an insight into an approach to management which has been largely neglected in research and proposes a modified concept of culture and “fun” management – neo‐normative control. It also serves to challenge the liberal claims made by proponents of the new approach and of “fun at work” more generally, that it is liberating for employees, a form of “existential empowerment”.

Foley, C 2009, 'Sport and society: a student introduction', Leisure Studies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 368-370.
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Frawley, S & Toohey, K 2009, 'The importance of prior knowledge: the Australian Olympic Committee and the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games', Sport in Society, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 947-966.
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This study investigates how the Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) was involved in the formation of the Sports Commission (SSC) within the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG) and as a critical contributor to the staging of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Using a figurational sociological framework, the intended and unintended consequences of the AOC's strategic and operational involvement are explored. The case shows how important early negotiations were in the case of the Sydney Olympics, when the host governments and Olympic Organizing Committees, in the period immediately following the winning of a bid, were inexperienced in Olympic negotiations and distracted by the euphoria of securing the Games. This left the more knowledgeable Olympic organization, the AOC, well placed to leverage its prior experience and extensive Olympic figurations, in order to gain a strategic advantage over the other Australian Olympic stakeholders. The research makes a contribution to Olympic studies, specifically in relation to the role of the host National Olympic Committee (NOC) in the organizing of an Olympic Games. Furthermore, the research findings have management implications for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and future host NOCs, particularly in relation to the structuring of Olympic Organizing Committee governance arrangements

Gordon, R, Clegg, S & Kornberger, M 2009, 'Embedded Ethics: Discourse and Power in the New South Wales Police Service', Organization Studies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 73-99.
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In this paper we report an ethnographic research study conducted in one of the world's largest police organizations, the New South Wales Police Service. Our research question was, `How do forms of power shape organizational members' ethical practices?' We look at existing theories that propose the deployment of two interrelated arguments: that ethics are embedded in organizational practices and discourse at a micro-level of everyday organizational life, which is contrasted with a focus on the macro-organizational, institutional forces that are seen to have an impact on ethics. Resisting this distinction between the `micro' and the `macro', we build on these two bodies of knowledge to explain ethical change as deeply embedded in power relations that traverse the scale of social action.

Gordon, R, Kornberger, M & Clegg, SR 2009, 'POWER, RATIONALITY AND LEGITIMACY IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS', PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 15-34.
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In this paper we propose answers to the research question: how does power shape the construction of legitimacy in the context of public organizations? We suggest that while organizational structures of dominancy will be embedded, not all structures of dominancy align with those that are normatively presented as legitimate and authoritative. Such situations make the creation and sustenance of legitimacy problematic for organizational action. This paper advances our understanding of the relation between power, rationality and legitimacy by showing how structures of domination recursively constitute, and are constituted by, legitimacy that may not be authoritative. We show, empirically, how these relations prevented a police organization from reforming by breaking the recursive patterns of domination and legitimization. Theoretically, we argue that understanding organizational change must be connected to issues of power and legitimacy.

Ishimine, K & Wilson, R 2009, 'Centre-Based Child Care Quality in Urban Australia', Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 19-28.
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THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES the quality of childcare centres in urban Australian communities designated according to different bands of Centre Location Demographics (CLD). Childcare centres were assessed using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale – Revised Edition (ECERS-R) and the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale – Extension (ECERS-E). Statistically significant differences were seen in quality on total scores across the five CLD areas. On both scales, middle and partially disadvantaged areas were identified as having substantial disadvantage in terms of childcare centre quality. The provision, and potential impact, of quality regulation and accreditation for childcare centres is discussed.

Jordan, K, Krivokapic-Skoko, B & Collins, J 2009, 'The ethnic landscape of rural Australia: Non-Anglo-Celtic immigrant communities and the built environment', JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 376-385.
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Rural ethnic minorities occupy unique economic, social, as well as geographical places in Australian society. Non-Anglo-Celtic immigrants have transformed the rural landscapes through the construction of public and private spaces expressing their cultural heritage. These sites can also significantly impact the dynamics of social cohesion and inter-cultural relations in multicultural rural communities. The paper explores the potential role of the sites built by rural ethnic minorities in promoting both intra-group solidarity and inter-group dialogue. It also provides insights into complexities of multicultural place-making. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part briefly explores the literature on the migration and heritage, place, belonging and social cohesion, and the relationship between social capital and the built environment. The second part outlines empirical findings from Griffith. a regional town in New South Wales. The focus is on the places built by Italian immigrants, such as the Italian clubs and the recently built Italian Museum and Cultural Centre. The construction of these places facilitated a sense of solidarity among the Italian immigrants and expressed their belonging to place. However, the immigrant's attempts at place-making simultaneously involved inscribing a degree of exclusivity and a strategy of becoming more a part of their new environment. In doing this there is also potential for multicultural place-making to intensify the existing intra- and inter-group tensions.

Leonard, R & Onyx, J 2009, 'Volunteer tourism: The interests and motivations of grey nomads', Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 12, no. 3-4, pp. 315-332.
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Volunteer tourism is increasingly being recognized as a distinct phenomenon which needs to draw on an understanding of both tourism and volunteer motivations.

Lock, D, Darcy, S & Taylor, T 2009, 'Starting with a clean slate: An analysis of member identification with a new sports team', Sport Management Review, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15-25.
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Soccer in Australia underwent a series of changes following a Federal Government inquiry into its future. A report into the Structure, Governance and Management of Soccer in Australia (2003) recommended a process of structural change, aimed at repositioning and re-branding soccer as association football. The restructure yielded the replacement of the National Soccer League with the A-League, five new Australian teams and a concerted attempt to separate soccer from its ethnic ties in the antipodes. This paper examines member identification in relation to a specific A-League club's members. Using the Sports Spectator Identity Scale (Wann & Branscombe, 1993) to measure sport fan identity in a new team context, a survey of club members of Sydney FC (n = 510), was undertaken. Survey findings indicated that members of Sydney FC reported relatively strong team identification in the first year of the new competition, with some nuanced differences based on age and income. The SSIS demonstrated a good level of fit in relation to a new sports team, although it is evident that rivalries and identification with a new team need time to develop fully. © 2009 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand.

Lyons, K, Wearing, S & Benson, A 2009, 'Introduction to the special issue on volunteer tourism', Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 12, no. 3-4, pp. 269-271.
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McDonald, MG, Wearing, S & Ponting, J 2009, 'The nature of peak experience in wilderness.', The Humanistic Psychologist, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 370-385.
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This study sought to identify the distinctive elements of wilderness settings that contribute to triggering peak experiences. Thirty-nine participants who had visited wilderness areas were recruited using a voluntary wilderness registration system operated by the Victorian National Parks Service, Australia. Using a postal survey, participants were asked to provide a written response to an open-ended question requesting them to describe, in their own words, a peak experience in the wilderness. A conventional approach to qualitative content analysis of the participants' descriptions revealed that the aesthetic qualities of the wilderness setting and being away from the pressures, people, distractions, and concerns of the human-made world were key elements in their peak experiences. To gain an understanding of this phenomenon, the concept and theory of restorative environments was applied to the participants' experiences. This analysis indicates that wilderness settings provide a mix of aesthetic pleasure and renewal that can lead to a triggering of peak experiences that provides the basis for individual spiritual expression. © 2009, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Pina e Cunha, M, Clegg, SR & Rego, A 2009, 'An Essay on Archaic Postmodernity: The Case of Portugal', Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 191-201.
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In this paper, some peculiarities of a Southern European country are made explicit, namely, how the attraction of new, "global," management practices combines with deeply persistent, thus traditional, ways of imagining organization. The dominant Anglo-Saxon and Protestant models of management may not be fully adequate to characterize management and organization in the Latin Catholic countries of the south, or those postcolonial societies that they inscribed in Latin America. We present an interpretation of why what are glossed by moderns as dysfunctional management practices persist, sometimes despite their recognized inadequacy. The contributions advanced here may thus be relevant to researchers interested in the route of transition from closed to open societies and who are concerned that all models need to be appreciated in context.

Roberts, K, Rowe, D, Andrews, DL, Havitz, ME, Jordan, F, Veal, AJ & Downward, P 2009, 'Book Reviews', Leisure Studies, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 221-236.
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Roxas, HBG, Lindsay, V, Ashill, N & Victorio, A 2009, 'Economic Accountability in the Context of Local Governance in the Philippines: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach', Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 17-37.
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Sainty, R 2009, 'Update: UN Global Compact', Living Ethics: Newsletter of the St. James Ethics Centre, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 12-12.

Schulenkorf, N 2009, 'An Ex Ante Framework for the Strategic Study of Social Utility of Sport Events', Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 120-131.
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The area of sport event tourism has been growing over the past decade, which has led to an increasing amount of research on both the economic and social impacts of sport events. Whereas a substantial number of ex post assessment frameworks for event evaluation is available, there is growing demand for process- orientated ex ante frameworks that guide the strategic study of social utility of events. To address this issue, this paper presents a framework suitable for theoretical and practical research in the area of inter-community sport events. It combines the areas of community participation, intergroup relations, social identity and event impacts in a process towards generating social development within and among communities. The ex ante framework is designed to support the strategic investigation of inter-community sport events and their contribution to social capital, social change and capacity building, and ultimately the enhancement of communities' quality of life.

Stronach, M & Adair, D 2009, '‘Brave new world’ or ‘sticky wicket’? Women, management and organizational power in Cricket Australia1', Sport in Society, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 910-932.
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In 2003 the men's Australian Cricket Board (ACB) and Women's Cricket Australia (WCA) amalgamated to form a gender integrated national body, Cricket Australia. This essay shows that this new organization has served the interests of women well in a number of key areas, including junior development, coaching of talented youth, financial support and scholarships. There have also been modest improvements to the publicity and profile of the women's game. Yet these benefits are, arguably, compromised by an arm's length managerial strategy in which women have little decision-making voice in the state organizations, and are absent from the board of CA itself. The men who run the game of cricket have recourse to substantial amounts of revenue and sponsorship income, which are deployed as they see fit. We argue that if women's cricket is to emerge out of the shadow of the men's game, it is vital to have female representation on the CA board and more generally among state cricket organizations.

Sutton-Brady, C, Scott, KM, Taylor, L, Carabetta, G & Clark, S 2009, 'The value of using short-format podcasts to enhance learning and teaching', ALT-J, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 219-232.
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Talia, D, Maassen, J, Huet, F & Jha, S 2009, 'Introduction.', Euro-Par, vol. 5704, no. 2, pp. 629-629.

Tatz, C & Adair, D 2009, 'Darkness and a little light: 'Race' and sport in Australia', AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL STUDIES, vol. 2009, no. 2, pp. 1-14.
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Despite 'the wonderful and chaotic universe of clashing colors, temperaments and emotions, of brave deeds against odds seemingly insuperable', sport is mixed with 'mean and shameful acts of pure skullduggery', villainy, cowardice, depravity, rapaciousness and malice. Thus wrote celebrated American novelist Paul Gallico on the eve of the Second World War (Gallico 1938 [1988]:9-10). An acute enough observation about society in general, his farewell to sports writing also captures the 'clashing colors' in Australian sport. In this 'land of the fair go', we look at the malice of racism in the arenas where, as custom might have it, one would least want or expect to find it. The history of the connection between sport, race and society - the long past, the recent past and the social present - is commonly dark and ugly but some light and decency are just becoming visible.

Taylor, T, Lock, D & Darcy, S 2009, 'The Janus face of diversity in Australian sport', Sport in Society, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 861-875.
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In this essay, Janus is used as a metaphor for examining the nature of cultural diversity in Australian sport. It does so by firstly presenting a historical context for sport in Australia and the relative lack of cultural diversity found in sport. Within a country dominated by the running codes of football and cricket, the position of soccer in Australia was somewhat unique as it became a bastion for many non-Anglo migrant groups. However, in the 1980s and 1990s soccer's lack of organizational success at the state and national level was negatively ascribed to the tensions between the ethnically affiliated clubs, the same clubs that were ironically the stalwarts driving the growing popularity of the sport. We examine the initiatives used to restructure the game in Australia to make football more appealing to mainstream (i.e. non-ethnically aligned) spectators. The contemporary situation is explored through secondary documentation and the results of a survey of 3,056 spectators undertaken during the first season of the new A-League are presented. The essay concludes with a discussion about the relative success of the restructure in terms of changing the face of Australian soccer. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.

Wearing, S, Grabowski, S, Chatterton, P & Ponting, J 2009, 'Participatory planning for eco-trekking on a potential World Heritage site: the communities of the Kokoda Track', PACIFIC ECONOMIC BULLETIN, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 101-117.
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Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is an approach to data collection in participatory research. In this approach, the researcher is required to acknowledge and appreciate that research participants have the necessary knowledge and skills to be partners in the research process. PRA techniques were used to collect data on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea, illuminating the communities perceptions of eco-trekking and how they could better benefit from it. This case study is an example of the implementation of community-based eco-tourism development and of understanding the multiplicity of forces that support or undermine it

Wearing, SL & Whenman, AE 2009, 'Tourism as an Interpretive and Mediating Influence: A Review of the Authority of Guidebooks in Protected Areas', Tourism Analysis, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 701-716.
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This short review seeks to present the outcomes of a study that examined the potential effectiveness of guidebooks as a form of interpretation in reducing environmental impacts in a national park. In it, Wearing and Whenman provide a review based on information gained from interviews with 29 trekkers undertaking the Overland Track in Tasmania, Australia. Results from the interviews where correlated with the literature and indicate that trekkers are more likely to use guidebooks at the planning stage of a trek in order to make decisions about what area to visit, what equipment to take, transport, and accommodation. The guidebooks used by trekkers in this inquiry were found to have only a small amount of information on minimal impact messages and such messages were found to be poorly structured. As a result, guidebooks were found to have little influence in mediating responsible environmental behavior in protected areas. The study recommends that well-structured minimal impact messages be incorporated into guidebooks using the Elaboration Likelihood Model of attitude change and persuasion to direct the process. Readers of Tourism Analysis are encouraged to reflect upon how the guidebooks available in their own tourism/tourist arenas strongly influence or undersuspectingly mediate what is there.

Zyglidopoulos, SC, Fleming, PJ & Rothenberg, S 2009, 'Rationalization, Overcompensation and the Escalation of Corruption in Organizations', Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 84, no. S1, pp. 65-73.
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An important area of business ethics research focuses on how otherwise normal and law-abiding individuals can engage in acts of corruption. Key in this literature is the concept of rationalization. This is where individuals attempt to justify past and future corrupt deeds to themselves and others. In this article, we argue that rationalization often entails a process of overcompensation whereby the justification forwarded is excessive in relation to the actual act. Such over-rationalization provides an impetus for further and more serious acts of illegality. Using a number of high profile cases, it is argued that this dynamic gap between the act and excessive rationalization can explain why corruption often escalates in severity and scope in the organization. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Adriaanse, JA 1970, 'Empowering women through physical activity and sport.', 53rd Session United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, New York, USA.

Dalton, BM & Jung, K 1970, 'The Humanitarian's Dilemma: The experience of international NGOs in North Korea', The Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Korean Studies Association of Australasia (KSAA) Conference, Biennial Korean Studies Association of Australasia Conference, University of Sydney, University of Sydney, pp. 201-216.
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Until the drastic reduction in the flow ofinternational aid precipitated by US sanctions in 2005, International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) conducted significant operations in the Democratic People's Republic ofKorea (DPRK). The DPRK solicited assistance from the international community in 1995, after a major flood and subsequent chronic food shortage. Over subsequent years the country became increasingly dependant on international assistance. Given this dependence on foreign aid by one of the world's most isolated, repressive andpotentially dangerous regimes and the recent withdrawal of' many aid agencies, it is timely to examine the impact of NGO operations, not only in humanitarian terms but with regards to economic, political and social development. After discussion of the various theories relating to the role ofINGOs in economic, social and political development, including their potential to promote democratisation, the pdper examines the impact of the activities of international aid organisations participating directly or indirectly in the provision ofhumanitarian aid, assistance or development in the DPRK. Based on the findings of10 semi-structured telephone interviews with relevant INGO personnel, INGO documents and other economic and social data, the paper examines the impact of INGOs on three key areas: Humanitarian objectives, economic development andpolitical/ social development.

Darcy, SA 1970, 'Accommodation accessibility criteria: Towards improving accessible accommodation information formats', Travel and Tourism Research Association 4th Annual Conference Proceedings, TTRA, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1-10.

Edwards, DC, Griffin, T, Hayllar, BR & Dickson, T 1970, 'Making tracks and collecting images: new methods for examining tourists' spatial behaviour in cities', Congress of the International Academy of Legal Medicine, Fremantle.

Edwards, DC, Hayllar, BR, Griffin, T & Dickson, T 1970, 'Tracking Visitors in Urban Environments', State of the Cities: Unlocking the Data Conference.

Foley, CT & Schlenker, K 1970, 'Progressing event evaluation: global trends and indicators for triple bottom line reporting', Sustainable Development and Events - Proceedings of ACEM 5th International Event Management Summit, Australian Centre for Event Management, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-1.

Frawley, SM, Van Den Hoven, P & Cush, A 1970, 'Major sport events and participation legacy: The case of the 2003 IRB Rugby World Cup and Australia's qualification for the 2006 FIFA Football World Cup', The International Event Management Summit Conference Proceedings, The International Event Management Summit, Australian Centre for Event Management, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp. 391-403.

Freeman, LM, Koh, B, Jonson, PT & Zaslawski, CJ 1970, 'Athletes healthcarebehaviour: an ethnographers conumdrum', Proceedings of 4th Annual International Ethnography Symposium, University of Liverpool, Liverpool England.

Jang, H, Jung, K & Dalton, BM 1970, 'Factors influencing labour migration of Korean women into the entertainment and sex industry in Australia', Global Korea: Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Conference Korean Studies Association of Australa, KSAA, KSAA, University of Sydney, Australia, pp. 254-265.
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Johns, RE & Ng, S 1970, 'Taking international students seriously', IERA 2009 17th Annual Conference: Book of Proceedings, International Employment Relations Association Conference, International Employment Relations Association, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 126-144.
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With Australia an attractive and highly sought after educational destination for many international students, consideration should be given to the difficulties experienced by this important student cohort. This paper aims to identify classroom teaching strategies and techniques that can assist in making study at an Australian university a more positive experience for international students from Non-English Speaking Backgrounds (NESBs).

Morgan, AA & Frawley, SM 1970, 'The Olympic Games and sponsorship legacy: The case of Sydney 2000', The International Event Management Summit Conference Proceedings, The International Event Management Summit, Australian Centre for Event Management, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 418-434.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the sponsorship legacy experienced by the Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) after hosting the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. A multi-layered theoretical framework based on the work of Daellenbach, Davies and Ashill (2006) forms the foundation of this analysis. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with 14 executives, who were specifically associated with sponsorship and the Sydney Games. The findings indicate the positive impact hosting the Games had on the AOCs profile and credibility in the sport industry. Conversely, the research found that the AOCs post Olympic sponsorship projections for the years 2001- 2004 were overly optimistic with less than half of the forecasted A$60 million revenue stream being achieved.

Ng, S 1970, 'Working lives and identities of midlevel faculty-based administrative staff (MFAS): A literature review', The 8th Annual Pacific Employment Relations Association Conference, The 8th Annual Pacific Employment Relations Association Conference, Melbourne, Australia.

Onyx, J, Burridge, N & Baker, E 1970, 'Different types of community networks', Australian Social Policy Conference, Australian Social Policy Conference, Social Policy Research Centre, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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Networks appear to be the basic ingredient of all community action. But what kind of networks, how formalized, for what purpose, and what specific impact are questions about which there is little understanding in either theory or practice. This paper explores three civil-society networks in Australia, which differ in structure, decision-making, and sharing. The research involved interviews of key informants in several organisations from each network. The first is a network with a ï½head officeï½. After establishment of ï½Job Networkï½, employment-service contracts were awarded to external agencies, and these agencies organised themselves into networks to jointly bid for contracts. These networks with formal structures proved difficult to manage. The second network is the Aged Care Alliance, which operates in a traditional civilsociety manner, with community organisations collaborating to mount a particular campaign, usually under the aegis of a peak body. This network has mounted several very successful campaigns. The third case describes a loose network, comprising a number of small, activist organisations operated mainly on-line and by young people. This type of network, although essential for the survival of these organisations, has no formalized structure. The three networks are treated as ideal types and are theorized, using complexity theory.

Perrott, B 1970, 'Knowledge dynamics in communities of practice', Proceedings of the 23rd ANZAM Conference 2009 'Sustainability Management and Marketing', Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference, Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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With the increased application of recent technologies such as the Internet, CRM and advanced software capabilities, it has been suggested that the time has come for a debate on a new paradigm for knowledge management. As a contribution to this debate, this paper will examine a case study of an outpatients clinic in an Australian public hospital with the objective of gaining a better understanding of the issues related to knowledge transaction in communities of practice. A tentative knowledge dynamics model is proposed to stimulate discussion and future research.

Schulenkorf, N, Thomson, AK & Schlenker, K 1970, 'Beyond anecdotes: The development of social capital through inter-community sport events', Sustainable Development and Events - Proceedings of ACEM 5th International Event Management Summit, International Event Management Research Conference, Australian Centre for Event Management, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 435-456.
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Sport events are believed to promote dialogue, integration and peaceful understanding among groups, even when other forms of negotiation have not been successful (Croft, 2005; Sugden, 2006). At the same time, sport events are thought to play a role in the construction, reproduction or consolidation of social identities in politically, socially or ethnically divided societies. Better publicised events, such as the Olympics, may demonstrate this social utility of sport, where diverse communities stand and feel together as one. However, the social outcomes from sport events are largely anecdotal. This paper argues that for disparate communities to experience lasting benefits from sport events there is the need to move beyond symbolism and anecdotes. There is a need to examine the active engagement of groups with `others in participatory sport event projects where they experience first hand the impacts of cooperation and diversity

Thomson, AK, Schlenker, K & Schulenkorf, N 1970, 'Event legacies: An Empirical Testing of the Legacy Concept.', Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand (SMAANZ), Gold Coast, Australia.

Thomson, AK, Schlenker, K & Schulenkorf, N 1970, 'The legacy-factor: Towards conceptual clarification in the sport event context', Sustainable Development and Events - Proceedings of ACEM 5th International Event Management Summit, International Event Management Research Conference, Australian Centre for Event Management, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 360-374.
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Public policy planners and event organisers are increasingly promoting potential economic, tourism, social, and/or environmental legacies to justify significant investments required to host special events. Within the context of special events, legacy is recognised as the long-term outcomes for a host city from staging an event (Hiller, 2003; Preuss, 2007). The notion of legacy has emerged in the events field surrounding the strategic use of events in achieving outcomes for host cities. However, this is complicated by inconsistent conceptualisations of legacy across academic and industry practice.

Wearing, SL & Faulkner, S 1970, 'Volunteer tourism and intercultural exchange: Exploring the âotheredâ in this', Proceedings of BEST EN Think Tank IX: The Importance of Values in Sustainable Tourism & First International Symposium on Volunteering & Tourism, BEST EN Think Tank IX: The Importance of Values in Sustainable Tourism & First International Symposium on Volunteering & Tourism, University of Technology, Sydney, Singapore, pp. 120-120.
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Tourism in less developed countries is frequently criticised as creating development that results in power inequalities between host and guest. Volunteer tourism as a form of international development has been posed as an alternative mechanism that has the potential to achieve different socio-cultural outcomes. In this guise it aims to establish direct personal/cultural intercommunication and understanding between host and guest. This study explores the volunteer tourist and their interaction with the host community. The cultural exchange with those who are âotheredâ by the mainstream tourism experience is the basis for a discussion that highlights the complexity of the relationship between hosts and guests. Within the limited literature on volunteer tourism, it is suggested that these tourists have very different motivations for travel compared with the more traditional tourists or mass tourists. Preliminary analysis of a volunteer tourism NGOâs volunteers (Youth Challenge Australia), suggests that most volunteer tourists expect to have high to very high exposure to cultural interaction. Additionally, they have a great deal of concern for several aspects of the culture and community that they will be visiting. They are prepared for an experience with vastly different outcomes to a traditional tourism experience. It is argued that the relationship between the volunteer tourist and the community gives shape to a richer understanding of the volunteer tourism experience, where more equal power relationships are evolving and where the experience is more inclusive of the âotheredâ. It is suggested that a reason for this might include the limited skill development of youth volunteers which requires them to learn from more skilled community members. Finally a discussion is offered with reference to the alternative mechanisms that are developed to engage youth in volunteering for development.

Yu, K 1970, 'Institutional change and organizational form: Revisiting the relationship between ideas and structure', 26th EGOS Conference - European Group for Organizational Studies 2009, ESADE Business School, Barcelona,.

Darcy, SA, Griffin, T, Crilley, G & Schweinsberg, SC STCRC 2009, Helping park managers use their visitor information, pp. 1-38, Austraila.
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This report presents the composition of a generic park visitation survey instrument based on the core data variables that can be employed in multiple park level jurisdictions throughout Australia. Its focus is to identify the considerations for the future development of software-based solutions for data collection, aggregation, dissemination and reporting of park-based activity across the 14 protected area agencies.

Edwards, DC, Griffin, T, Hayllar, BR, Dickson, T & Schweinsberg, SC CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd. 2009, Understanding Tourism Experiences and Behaviour in Cities: An Australian Case Study, pp. 1-103, Gold Coast.
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This study aims to enhance the understanding of tourist experiences and behaviour in urban destinations by analysing the spatial movements of tourists, identifying the key attributes they are seeking in urban destinations, determining how important these attributes are to their experiences, evaluating how two urban destinations performed in relation to these attributes, and assessing whether there are key differences between different types of visitors to urban destinations. The ultimate aim of this project is to inform and guide the future governance and improved functioning of urban tourism destinations by developing a better understanding of the tourist in such settings.

Green, R, Agarwal, R, Tan, H, Brown, PJ & Randhawa, K DIISR 2009, Management Matters -Just how productive are we?- Background Report for the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR) on manufacturing firms, pp. 1-138, Canberra.
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Management Matters â Just how productive are we?❠Background Report for the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR) on manufacturing firms.

Green, R, Agarwal, R, Van, RJ, Bloom, N, mathews, J, Boedker, C, Sampson, D, Gollan, P, Toner, P, Tan, H & Brown, PJ Department of Industry, Innovation, Science and Research 2009, Management Matters in Australia: Just how productive are we?, pp. 1-42, Canberra, Australia.
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This unique research project for the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research benchmarks management practices in Australian manufacturing firms against the global best. The project was undertaken by a research team from the University of Technology Sydney, Macquarie Graduate School of Management and the Society of Knowledge Economics, and is part of a world-wide study led by the London School of Economics, Stanford University and McKinsey & Co. The findings suggest that while some of our firms are as good as any in the world, we still have a substantial `tail of firms that are mediocre, especially in their approach to people management. This is a key differentiating factor between Australia and better performing, more innovative countries.

Moore, S, Crilley, G, Darcy, SA, Griffin, T, Taplin, R & Tonge, J Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Council 2009, Designing and Testing a Park-Based Visitor Survey, Gold Coast.

Moore, S, Crilley, G, Darcy, SA, Griffin, T, Taplin, R, Tonge, J, Wegner, A & Smith, A CRC For Sustainable Tourism 2009, Designing and Testing a Park-Based Visitor Survey, pp. 1-42, Sydney, Australia.
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This technical report is part of a broader national project `Systematic and strategic collection and use of visitor information in protected area management, funded by Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC), and conducted in partnership with protected area agencies across Australia. The aim of this report is to provide a systematic approach to using a set of core variables to collect data in a way that can be consistently applied across Australian protected areas. This information is most relevant to park-level management, but is also of central interest for corporate reporting. An associated aim was to develop and test a questionnaire for collecting these data.

Wearing, SL, Schweinsberg, SC, Faulkner, S & Tumes, K CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd. 2009, Understanding Track/Trail Experiences in National Parks: A Review, pp. 1-46, Gold Coast, Queensland.

Wearing, SL, Schweinsberg, SC, Faulkner, S & Tumes, K CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2009, Understanding 'Track/Trail' Experiences in National Parks: A Review,, pp. 1-46, Australia (Gold Coast, Queensland).
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This desktop report aimed to draw attention to the various factors associated with track usage and visitor experience in national parks. A research classification spreadsheet was constructed in order to draw attention to the current state of academic research in this area. The main factors found to influence the track experience were congestion, interaction between trail user groups and environmental degradation. In addition to the classification of academic research this report also examined current management planning and visitor research conducted in three New South Wales national parks in order to provide examples of best practice that would be relevant to New South Wales stakeholders.

Carabetta, G 2009, ''Dismissal and the Law in Australian Policing: Balancing the interests of the individual police officer against the public interest’, Guest seminar Presentation, Facolta Di Economia, Sede di Forli, Bologna, Italy, December 2009.'.
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Guest seminar Presentation, Facolta Di Economia, Sede di Forli, Bologna, Italy

Carabetta, G 2009, ''The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) and the Police: What’s In, What’s Out And Beyond', Invited guest Presentation, Police Federation of Australia Federal Council Meeting, Canberra, Australia, 17 November 2009.'.
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Invited guest Presentation, Police Federation of Australia Federal Council Meeting, Canberra, Australia, 17 November 2009

Clegg, SR & Haugaard, M 2009, 'The SAGE handbook of power', pp. 1-484.
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The SAGE Handbook of Power is the first touchstone for any student or researcher wishing to initiate themselves in the ‘state of the art’ in this subject. Internationally acclaimed as at the top of their field, Stewart Clegg and Mark Haugaard have joined forces to select a collection of papers written by scholars with global reputations for excellence. These papers bridge different conceptual and theoretical positions and draw on many disciplines, including politics, sociology, and cultural studies.

Darcy, SA 2009, 'WP10: Accessible Tourism Accommodation Information Preferences', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism Working Papers Series.

Edwards, DC, Dickson, TJ & Darcy, SA 2009, 'Working Paper No 22 - Sydney World Masters Games: Volunteer Legacy Outcomes Sydney', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism.

Frawley, SM 2009, 'WP5: Sport For All & Major Sporting Events: Project Paper 1: Introduction to the Project', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism, Working Papers Series.
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(PDF, 39kb, 7 pages)

Thomson, AK, Darcy, SA & Edwards, DC 2009, 'Working Paper No 21: Social Outcomes of the Sydney World Masters Games: A Participant Study', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism.

Veal, AJ & Frawley, SM 2009, 'WP6: 'Sport For All' & Major Sporting Events: Project Paper 2: Trends in Sport Participation', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism, Working Papers Series.
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(PDF, 204kb, 37 pages)

Veal, AJ & Frawley, SM 2009, 'WP7: 'Sport For All' and Major Sporting Events: Project Paper 3', School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism, Working Papers Series.

Yu, K 2009, 'Bureaucracy and Social Movement in the American Labour Movement'.