Publications

Cashman, R 2010, Paradise of Sport, 2nd, Walla Walla Press, Sydney.

Clegg, S 2010, SAGE Directions in Organization Studies, SAGE Publications Ltd.
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Jang, H, Jung, K, Dalton, BM & Wilson, RJ 2010, Sex trafficking or shadow tourism: The lives of foreign sex workers in Australia, 1, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.
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The experience of women working in the sex and entertainment industry is an issue central to feminism and to social and human rights movements. Although now an area of scholarly research the clandestine nature of this industry makes research challenging and means many aspects remain unknown. It is therefore important to document the experiences of these female sex workers. In this book we highlight the experience of Korean sex industry workers in Australia. We report on recent trends in migration and draw attention to the fact that increasing numbers utilise ?working holiday? visas to work in the sex and entertainment industry and that under Australian law this practice is essentially legal. We examine factors involved in their coming to Australia and whether they were trafficked or coerced into service; the nature of their service and details regarding the conditions of their work. We also track how the respondents use (or fail to use) various social and health services and ask about their key concerns, hopes and plans for the future. Findings from this study aim to inform recommendations to policy makers in relevant government and nongovernment community service organisations

Liburd, J & Edwards, D 2010, Understanding the sustainable development of tourism, Goodfellow, Woodeaton, Oxford.
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It is vital to provide the tourism managers of tomorrow with an explicit understanding and the capability to affect creative and innovative solutions for the sustainable development of tourism. Understanding the Sustainable Development of Tourism takes the view that sustainable tourism management needs to be seen as a dynamic process of change, rather than a static goal to be achieved and therefore must be tackled with ever evolving, flexible strategies.Divided into 11 chapter ‘modules’, the text considers key managerial concepts, from supplier-driven innovation, human resource management, operations management and marketing, to corporate social responsibility, risk management and triple bottom line reporting. Each chapter links relevant theories and concepts to practice through case studies or exercises. Each chapter takes the view that sustainable tourism principles should be practiced in all aspects of tourism operations on a daily basis and that sustainability should be treated as a managerial philosophy rather than a subject matter. Relevant theories and concepts are linked to practice through case studies or exercises.

Wearing, S, Stevenson, D & Young, T 2010, Tourist Cultures: Identity, Place and the Traveller, 1st, SAGE Publications Ltd, London, UK.
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Sharp, engaging and relevant, Tourist Cultures presents valuable critical insights into tourism - arguing that within the imagined-real spaces of the traveller self it becomes possible to envisage tourist cultures and futures that will empower and engage. Here is a framework for understanding tourism which is subject-centred, dynamic, and capable of dealing with the complexity of contemporary tourist cultures. The book argues that tourists are not passive consumers of either destinations or their interpretations. Rather, they are actively occupied in a multi-sensory, embodied experience. It delves into what tourists are looking for when they travel, be they on a package tour, or immersing themselves in the places, cultures and lifestyles of the exotic. Tourism is examined through a consideration of the spaces and selves of travel, exploring the cultures of meaning, mobilities and engagement that frame and define the tourist experience and traveller identities. This book draws on the explanatory traditions of sociology, human geography and tourism studies to provide useful insights into the experiential and the lived dimensions of tourism and travel. Written in an accessible and engaging style, this is a welcome contribution to the growing literature on tourism and will be important reading for students in a range of social science and humanities courses.

Adair, D 2010, 'Where the Games never cease: The Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland' in Girginov, V (ed), The Olympics: A Critical Reader, Routledge, UK, pp. 172-190.
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In its current form, the Olympic Museum in Lausanne is only 10 years old. None the less, during that brief time the museum has become a significant showcase for the Olympic movement. This chapter examines the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) rationale for establishing an Olympic Museum, the process of funding its development and the museum's varied roles as archival repository, exhibition centre and tourist destination.

Cashman, R 2010, 'Austalian Sport and Culture Before Federation' in Sport, History and Australian Culture, Walla Walla Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 8-39.

Cashman, R 2010, 'Australian Sport and Culture After Federation' in Sport, History and Australian Culture, Walla Walla Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 92-130.

Cashman, R 2010, 'The Imaginary Grandstand' in Sport, History and Australian Culture, Walla Walla Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 40-77.

CLARKE, T & KLETTNER, A 2010, 'CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: THE REGULATORY RESPONSES' in Tourani-Rad, A & Ingley, C (eds), HANDBOOK ON EMERGING ISSUES IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, pp. 71-102.
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AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionCauses of the Financial CrisisInternational ReformsUnited StatesUnited KingdomAustraliaConclusion

Clegg, SR & Kornberger, M 2010, 'An Organizational Perspective on Space and Place Branding' in Go, FM & Govers, R (eds), International Place Branding Yearbook 2010, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 3-11.
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Today, it is commonplace to say that we live in what has been called a society of organizations (Perrow 1991), one in which questions of power and control exercised by organizations become crucial. One consequence of this is the ubiquity of theories of organization that focussed on what economists had glossed as the "firm" - without really attending too much to what actually transpired within the great variety of organizations that this term might cover - as well as those many organizations that it might not cover. Economics was interested in the idea of a free market. Initially, the firm was seen as the home of hierarchy - the alternative to markets (Williamson 1975). But the more society, economics and organizations were studied, the greater became the gloss on what occurred within the firm: to accommodate networks, alliances, communities of practice, human and non-human assemblages, rhizomes ... until the idea of free market exchange became the exception, not the norm. This shift in perspective has important implications: free market models, known as neoclassical economics, implied that rational actors made decisions based on economic calculations. The social and the political were eliminated from the economic, as well as the cognitive, limits that produce "bounded rationality" (Simon 1982). Against the sterility of the models thus produced, organization theory, which began its career fixated on bureaucracy, developed various antithetical models. Central to all of these are notions of nonnecessity and of choice.

Collins, J, Darcy, S & Jordan, K 2010, 'Multi-method research on ethnic cultural tourism in Australia' in Richards, G & Munsters, W (eds), Cultural Tourism Research Methods, CABI, UK, pp. 87-103.
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Darcy, S & Buhalis, D 2010, 'Conceptualising disability' in Buhalis, D & Darcy, S (eds), Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, Channel View Publications, UK, pp. 21-45.
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Disability is a social construct with approaches to and concepts of disability changing over history, between societies within historical periods and having cultural contexts (Gleeson, 1999). At different times and places, the dominant worldview affects the position of disability within the social context. It is important to understand these conceptual approaches and the implications they have for the treatment of people with disabilities in a tourism context. This chapter reviews the contemporary models and discourses of disability to provide a theoretical base on which to understand tourism from a disability perspective and, hence, the development of accessible tourism.

Darcy, S & Buhalis, D 2010, 'Introduction: From disabled tourists to accessible tourism' in Buhalis, D & Darcy, S (eds), Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, Channel View Publications, UK, pp. 1-20.
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Darcy, S & Small, J 2010, 'Theorizing Precincts: Disciplinary Perspectives' in City Spaces - Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts, pp. 63-92.
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Darcy, S, Ambrose, I, Schweinsberg, F & Buhalis, D 2010, 'Conclusion: Universal approaches to accessible tourism' in Buhalis, D & Darcy, S (eds), Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, Channel View Publications, UK, pp. 300-316.
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This book aimed to explore and document the current theoretical approaches, foundations and issues in the study of accessible tourism. As has already been alluded to in a number of chapters, the tourism industry interest in accessible tourism has accelerated in recent years as stakeholders wrestle with notions of accessibility, `tourism for all, and the way in which these ideas can be incorporated into business practices. What should become apparent from a reading of the chapters is that accessible tourism is by its very nature multifaceted, which is conceptualised through a range of diverse theoretical discourses and networks. Due to this, it would be hubris for us to suggest in the course of this concluding chapter that a book such as this can ever hope to offer a comprehensive appraisal of the scope of accessible tourism as a developing and dynamic field.

Darcy, S, Ambrose, I, Schweinsberg, S & Buhalis, D 2010, 'Chapter 19. Conclusion: Universal Approaches to Accessible Tourism' in Accessible Tourism, Multilingual Matters, pp. 300-316.
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Dwyer, L & Darcy, S 2010, 'Economic contribution of tourists with disabilities: An Australian approach and methodology' in Buhalis, D & Darcy, S (eds), Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, Channel View Publications, UK, pp. 214-240.
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This chapter presents the findings of a study into the economic contribution of tourists with disabilities to the Australian economy. The importance of including economic modelling within the research project is that rudimentary market estimates of tourists with disabilities in Australia were undertaken over a decade ago (Darcy, 1998). These estimates used a basic gross demand approach without having any detailed understanding of the expenditure patterns of the group. Further, while more detailed work has been undertaken in the US (HarrisInteractive Market Research, 2003, 2005) and Europe (Buhalis et al., 2005; Neumann & Reuber, 2004) these continued to use basic gross demand estimates rather than any form of sophisticated economic modelling.

Dwyer, L & Edwards, DC 2010, 'Sustainable tourism planning' in Liburd, JJ & Edwards, D (eds), Understanding the Sustainable Development of Tourism, Goodfellow Publishers Ltd, Oxford, UK, pp. 20-44.
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Tourism not properly planned and managed can leave permanent footprints on the physical, social, cultural and economic environments of destinations. Tourism development can be alienating to local residents, overcrowded, noisy, architecturally tasteless, and place pressures on infrastructure. Inappropriate types and scales of development may arise due to laissez-faire tourism policies and a lack of national, regional or local planning and regulation. Governments and stakeholders in the tourism sector have a responsibility to ensure that in the development of tourism long-term prosperity and the quality of life of future generations are not placed at risk.

EDWARDS, D 2010, 'Australian War Memorial, Australian Museum, and the Art Gallery of New South WalesMutually Satisfying Relationships: the Secrets of Successful Volunteer Programs in Australian Museums' in Managing Volunteers in Tourism, Elsevier, pp. 161-173.
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Edwards, D, Dickson, T, Griffin, T & Hayllar, B 2010, 'Tracking the urban visitor: methods for examining tourists' spatial behaviour and visual representations.' in Richards, G & Munsters, W (eds), Cultural Tourism Research Methods, CABI, UK, pp. 104-114.
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This chapter examines the spatial behaviour of urban tourists. Alternatively it is possible to explore tourist spatial movements broadly, by focusing only on the trails taken. Including both the local community and tourists in such a study would add greater breadth to analysing the way in which urban spaces are negotiated and used. Similar to the Spatial Metro Project, large-scale mapping of pedestrian movement can be undertaken from parking stations and/or major transport interchanges with no debriefing or image capture. It presents the whole process, things that went well and things that did not.

Edwards, D, Griffin, T & Hayllar, B 2010, 'Darling harbour: Looking back and moving forward' in Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D (eds), City Spaces - Tourist Places, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, pp. 275-294.
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Edwards, DC, Griffin, T & Hayllar, BR 2010, 'Confl icts and Politics in Precinct Development' in Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D (eds), City Spaces - Tourist Places, Routledge, Oxford, UK, pp. 221-240.
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Edwards, DC, Griffin, T & Hayllar, BR 2010, 'Urban Tourism Precincts: Engaging with the Field' in Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D (eds), City Spaces - Tourist Places, Routledge, Oxford, UK, pp. 21-36.
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Fee, A 2010, 'Performance management of expatriates in China' in Connell, J & Teo, S (eds), Strategic HRM: Contemporary issues in the Asia Pacific Region, Tilde University Press, Prahan VIC, pp. 284-302.

Griffin, T, Hayllar, B & Edwards, D 2010, 'Places and People: A Precinct Typology' in City Spaces - Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts, pp. 39-62.
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Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D 2010, 'City Spaces - Tourist Places' in Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D (eds), City Spaces: Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts, Routledge, Oxford, UK, pp. 39-62.
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Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D 2010, 'City spaces - Tourist places' in Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D (eds), City Spaces - Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, pp. 1-381.
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Over the last decade, commentaries and research on urban tourism precincts have predominantly focused on: their role in the tourism attractions mix; their physical and functional forms; their economic significance; their role as a catalyst for urban renewal; their evolution and associated development processes; and, perhaps more broadly, their role, locality and function within the context of urban planning. City Spaces - Tourist Places both consolidates and develops the extant knowledge of urban tourism precincts into a coherent research driven contemporary work. It revisits and examines the foundational literature but, more importantly, engages with aspects of precinct development that have previously been either underdeveloped or received only limited consideration, such as the psychological and socio-cultural dimensions of the precinct experience. Written by an international team of contributors it provides the reader with: A comprehensive analysis of foundational theory and cutting-edge advances in the knowledge of the precinct phenomenon. An examination of previously underdeveloped topics and themes based on contemporary and ground-breaking research. Typological and theoretical frameworks in which to locate precinct form, function and experience Brilliantly edited to ensure theoretical continuity and coherence City Spaces - Tourist Places is vital reading for anyone involved in the study or planning of urban tourism precincts. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D 2010, 'Urban Tourism Precincts: Engaging with the Field' in Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D (eds), City Spaces - Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, pp. 3-18.
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Hayllar, BR, Griffin, T & Edwards, DC 2010, 'Darling Harbour: Looking Back and Moving Forward' in Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D (eds), City Spaces - Tourist Places, Routledge, Oxford, UK, pp. 293-312.
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Jordan, K, Krivokapic-Skoko, B & Collins, J 2010, 'Immigration and Multicultural Place-Making in Rural and Regional Australia' in Luck, G, Race, D & Black, R (eds), Landscape Series, Springer Netherlands, Australia, pp. 259-280.
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There has been comparatively little research on the relationship between immigrants and place in the context of rural and regional Australia. Considering that immigration to regional and rural Australia has been given important national importance we argue that the contemporary research on rural ethnic landscapes should be broadened to discuss the impact of different ethnic groups on the built environment of rural townships. The immigrants settling down in rural areas have transformed rural landscapes through the construction of public and private spaces expressing their cultural heritage. These sites can significantly impact the dynamics of social cohesion and intercultural relations in multicultural rural communities. They can also have a role in attracting and retaining immigrants in non-metropolitan areas. This chapter links the built environment and immigration in rural Australia and explores the potential role of the sites built by rural ethnic minorities in facilitating intra-group and inter-group social encounter, trust and networks. The chapter then outlines the empirical findings from applying these concepts to the sites built and used by non-Anglo-Celtic immigrants to Griffith, a regional city in south-western New South Wales (NSW), and Katanning, a small rural community south-east of Perth in Western Australia (WA).

Leung, L, Humphreys, T & Weakley, A 2010, 'Designing E-Mail for Knowledge Management in Distributed Organizations' in Ragusa, AT (ed), Interaction in Communication Technologies and Virtual Learning Environments, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, pp. 26-37.
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E-mail has become so ubiquitous that it has surpassed existing only as a tool of asynchronous communication. E-mail has contributed to the rise of the distributed organization that is widely dispersed across nodes and locations. Email is being used in diverse ways and for an increasing range of unintended purposes. This chapter charts the history of e-mail, from early investigations of handling e-mail overload, to a review of software applications designed to ameliorate unanticipated outcomes. It suggests that while e-mail has been appropriated for information and knowledge management, there has been minimal analysis of this beyond the individual. By presenting a case study of a distributed organization, detailing the process by which e-mail was leveraged for organizational knowledge through the design of an application that enabled visualization of e-mail data, this research shows e-mail technology can become a core repository of corporate knowledge.

Presbury, R & Edwards, DC 2010, 'Managing sustainable festivals, meetings and events' in Liburd, JJ & Edwards, D (eds), Understanding the Sustainable Development of Tourism, Goodfellow Publishers Ltd, Oxford, UK, pp. 163-187.
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Festivals, meetings and events (FMEs) are an important component of the tourism industry. FMEs provide opportunities for social and cultural exchange, exchange of new and innovative ideas, business contacts, and learning. They play a key role in many destinations in attracting tourists, providing recreational activities for the community and developing and strengthening a destination's image. Each FME provides a specific kind of appeal and experience, which in most cases cannot be repeated. As the appreciation of the benefits of holding festivals, meetings and events grows, governments and operators are continuing to invest in developing the necessary facilities and infrastructure to accommodate this tourism activity.

Presbury, R & Edwards, DC 2010, 'Sustainable operations management' in Liburd, JJ & Edwards, D (eds), Understanding the Sustainable Development of Tourism, Goodfellow Publishers Ltd, Oxford, UK, pp. 45-66.
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Unlike many business sectors, tourism is an amalgamation of various industries offering products and services ranging from airline and cruise ship travel and accommodation to restaurant meals, entertainment, souvenirs and gifts, park services, recreational vehicles, resort development, safaris, leisure and recreational opportunities. There is growing recognition that established management practices have led to undesirable social and environmental impacts, some of which, in turn, threaten the sustainablllty of tourism operations. It is consequently the management of tourism operations, at the local and individual level, that has major implications for sustainability. It is essential that forces of change begin with company policy and actions at the organisational level.

Schulenkorf, N & Edwards, D 2010, 'The role of sport events in peace tourism.' in Moufakkir, O & Kelly, I (eds), Tourism, progress and peace, CABI, UK, pp. 99-117.
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The focus of this chapter is on understanding how positive social impacts can be created and leveraged through sport events to achieve lasting peaceful outcomes for disparate communities. The chapter presents findings from a larger study that examined two 'sport for development' event projects in war-torn Sri Lanka to identify how event planners and managers can maximize and leverage social benefits for participants, spectators, supporters and the wider community. The chapter is underpinned by a discussion of the concept of intergroup relations and an examination of previous research on the contribution sport events make to peace and inclusive social development. Drawing on significant insights from the field, strategies for maximizing sport event benefits are highlighted and represent valuable learning opportunities for those interested in fostering peace through event tourism.

Small, J & Darcy, S 2010, 'Tourism, disability and mobility' in Cole, S & Morgan, N (eds), Tourism and Inequality: Problems and Prospects, CABI, UK, pp. 1-20.
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In more economically developed countries, tourism is considered part of the modern experience with all people having the right to travel. None the less, there are many groups of people who do not take holidays or do not fully participate in the holiday experience for reasons such as low income, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, body size and disability. This chapter focuses on disability, in particular mobility, and argues that people with disabilities should expect the same rights to citizenship and the same quality of life as the non-disabled, which include the right to travel and participate in leisure activities (United Nations , 1993).

Small, J & Darcy, S 2010, 'Understanding tourist experience through embodiment: The contribution of critical tourism and disability studies' in Buhalis, D & Darcy, S (eds), Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, Channel View Publications, UK, pp. 73-97.
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This chapter seeks to understand the tourist experiences of people with disabilities, including the seniors who also constitute the accessible tourism market. Tourism experiences can be viewed through many approaches. The following discussion is situated within the framework of critical theory in tourism studies and critical disability studies theory, both of which focus on ends rather than means, examining social power structures with a commitment to emancipation. The lived experience of the person is the subject matter and within the approaches of critical tourism and critical disability studies, the lived experience is a bodily experience. This chapter examines the embodied experience of those with disabilities within the tourism context.

Wearing, S & Grabowski, S 2010, 'Volunteer tourism and intercultural exchange: Exploring the 'Other' in the experience' in Benson, A (ed), Volunteer Tourism: Theoretical Frameworks and Practical Applications, Routledge, Oxon, UK, pp. 193-210.
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Volunteer tourism as a form of international development has been posed as an alternative mechanism which has the potential to achieve different socio-cultural outcomes. In this guise it aims 'to establish direct personal/cultural intercommunication and understanding between host and guest' (Dernoi, 1988: 89). This chapter explores the volunteer tourist and their interaction with the host community. It is argued that the relationship between the volunteer tourist and the community gives shape to a richer understanding of the volunteer tourism experience, where more equal power relationships are evolving and where the experience is more inclusive of the 'Other'. Where tourism in less developed countries is frequently criticised as creating development that results in power inequalities between host and guest it is important to examine this issue for volunteer tourism.

Wearing, S & Jobberns, C 2010, 'Ecotourism and the Commodification of Wildlife: Animal Welfare and the Ethics of Zoos' in Warwich Frost (ed), Zoos and Tourism: Conservation, Education, Entertainment?, Channel View Publications, Canada, pp. 47-58.
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Current directions in ecotourisrn reflect an increasing tendency towards the commodification of nature. The quest for profit from nature-based activities, particularly tourism, has spawned an industry lacking an ethic of care for nature and, specifically, the animals used in this new ecotourism regime. Economic rationalist approaches often place economic incentive before the intrinsic and intangible values of nature. This often results in the inappropriate development or use of natural resources and changes the capacity of the resource to meet the expectations of users.

Adair, D 2010, 'British Asians and Football: Culture, Identity, Exclusion', SPORT IN HISTORY, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 173-174.

Adair, D & Rowe, D 2010, 'Beyond boundaries? 'Race', ethnicity and identity in sport', INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 251-257.
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This dual engagement of race and ethnicity widens the scope of analysis, but it also presents challenges, such as contention over what these descriptors are said to represent, and their complex and often contradictory relationship. For example, there is a widespread view that there is no scientific basis to `race, hence the qualifier `race is sometimes highlighted to emphasize the social constructedness of this term and, therefore, the fallacy of biological determinism (Graves, 2001). `Race, in this sense, is simplistically applied to skin colour and stereotypical assumptions about identity and status associated with racialized appearance. Despite its flaws, `race has currency in social practice; as Warmington has put it, `the paradox of race-conscious scholarship (2009: 281) lies in the need to work within, yet against, problematic conceptual tools. Indeed, by placing `race in inverted commas in this context, we have signalled our refusal to legitimize the concept while recognizing its stubborn persistence within language, culture and politics. The articles herein, when taken as a whole, provide the reader with an opportunity for reflection upon sport and societal structures, norms, values, narratives, discourses and symbols in the context of what might be termed ethno-racial studies.

Adair, D, Taylor, T & Darcy, S 2010, 'Managing ethnocultural and ‘racial’ diversity in sport: Obstacles and opportunities', Sport Management Review, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 307-312.
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Diversity involves coming to terms with alterity (otherness) and negotiating inclusion (togetherness). That goal is more likely, philosopher Emmanuel Levinas argues, when people usually separated socially culturally, politically, economically geographically are brought together in consensual face-to-face contact and in social contexts where equitable interpersonal co-operation and group cohesion are fostered (Burggraeve, 2002, 2008). Such a quest for consensus about diversity and mutuality, as opposed to discordance through disdain for difference (Grillo, 2007), is a challenge (but also an opportunity) in a range of normative environments, such as business, education and sport (Kostogriz & Doecke, 2007; Lim, 2007; Sykes, 2006). In an overarching sense, the management of diversity and the policies that underpin mutuality are arguably contributions to cosmopolitanism, which Vertovec and Cohen (2002, p. 4) argue incorporates `variously complex repertoires of allegiance, identity and interest. They conclude that cosmopolitanism, as an applied philosophical position, `seems to offer a mode of managing cultural and political multiplicities (2002, p. 4).

Azeem, A & Paul, SK 2010, 'Selection of the optimal number of shifts in fuzzy environment: manufacturing company’s facility application', Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 54-67.
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This paper addresses the selection of optimal shift numbers considering inventory information, customer requirements and machine reliability using fuzzy logic. Number of shift is one of the most important criteria for the production planners to minimize the production costs and is essential for appropriate production planning. The main task involves optimizing the shift periods considering constraints of raw material, due date, demand, finished goods inventory and machine breakdown. A model is developed for any kind of manufacturing company where shift periods affect company's profit and cost. Fuzzy control is used to optimize the number of shifts under the constraints of raw material, due date, demand, finished goods inventory and machine breakdown. MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Tool Box is used to develop the model. © Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 2010.

Battisti, M, Deakins, D & Roxas, H 2010, 'Explaining the levels of innovation and R&D in New Zealand’s small and medium-sized enterprises: Too many small firms?', Small Enterprise Research, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 177-192.
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Bjorkeng, K & Clegg, S 2010, 'Becoming DragonBankers Constructing practice through processes of socially situated learning', SOCIETY AND BUSINESS REVIEW, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 48-65.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore organizational induction as socially situated learning processes. It presents an empirical study of inductees going through an induction program in a medium sized bank and discusses their induction as a dual process of becoming a practitioner and constructing practice. Design/methodology/approach The research performed is qualitative: ethnographic methods including participant observation and interviews are used, and analysed through an interpretative methodology. Findings The paper suggests that the divide between the teaching curricula in the induction course and the learning curricula in real life banking contribute to the inductees ability and desire to engage in the construction of customer service officer practice; the divide itself legitimizes differences in particularities of the practice, and enhances the inductees ability to enact, accomplish, and construct practice actively. Research limitations/implications The paper suggests induction should be viewed as opportunities for organizational learning as much as the training of newcomers to adhere to organizational standards. Originality/value The paper presents a novel empirical case exploring socially situated learning. Looking at the confluence of authoring and performative acts allows us to expose the agentic dimension of practices; thus emphasising the construction involved in any practising.

Bjørkeng, K & Clegg, S 2010, 'Becoming DragonBankers', Society and Business Review, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 48-65.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore organizational induction as socially situated learning processes. It presents an empirical study of inductees going through an induction program in a medium sized bank and discusses their induction as a dual process of becoming a practitioner and constructing practice.Design/methodology/approachThe research performed is qualitative: ethnographic methods including participant observation and interviews are used, and analysed through an interpretative methodology.FindingsThe paper suggests that the divide between the teaching curricula in the induction course and the learning curricula in real life banking contribute to the inductees' ability and desire to engage in the construction of customer service officer practice; the divide itself legitimizes differences in particularities of the practice, and enhances the inductees' ability to enact, accomplish, and construct practice actively.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper suggests induction should be viewed as opportunities for organizational learning as much as the training of newcomers to adhere to organizational standards.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel empirical case exploring socially situated learning. Looking at the confluence of authoring and performative acts allows us to expose the agentic dimension of practices; thus emphasising the construction involved in any practising.

Brown, AD, Kornberger, M, Clegg, SR & Carter, C 2010, ''Invisible walls' and 'silent hierarchies': A case study of power relations in an architecture firm', HUMAN RELATIONS, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 525-549.
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In this article we investigate how power relates to the production of creative identities and outcomes. We report on an in-depth case study of an award-winning creative architecture firm. Our data show how talk about creativity and the creative identities of architects can be analysed as effects of power. Theoretically, our study represents an investigation into the disciplining of professional architects discourse about their selves, their organization, and their work. This article adds to debates on creative industries, demonstrating that creativity is deeply embedded in organizationally based relations of power.

Carter, C, Clegg, S & Kornberger, M 2010, 'Re‐framing strategy: power, politics and accounting', Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 573-594.
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PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the rise and institutionalization of the discourse of strategic management. It seeks to advance an agenda for studying strategy from a sociologically informed perspective. Moreover, it aims to make a case for a critically informed, interdisciplinary approach to studying strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an overview to studying strategy critically. It is a theoretically informed paper.FindingsThe findings can be summarised as: first, strategy emerged as a major discipline in the 1970s; second, as a body of knowledge strategy has remained close to its industrial economics origins; and third, an agenda for the sociological study of strategy revolving around concerns of performativity and power is outlined.Originality/valueThe paper offers a sociologically informed account of strategy.

Casey, J, Dalton, B, Melville, R & Onyx, J 2010, 'Strengthening government–nonprofit relations: international experiences with compacts', Voluntary Sector Review, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 59-76.
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Governments around the world have sought to strengthen their relations with nonprofit organisations. In many jurisdictions this has led to the development of written framework agreements between government and the nonprofit sector, most commonly known as compacts. They have had widely differing impacts – some are seen as successful initiatives that have significantly strengthened relations between government and nonprofits, while others have had little effect and have been quickly discarded or ignored. This paper documents the recent evolution of such processes in the UK, Canada, Australia, the US, France, Estonia and Spain, and explores the parallels between them. The narratives from these countries illustrate an emerging common discourse, but also that the peculiarties of each polity have led to significantly different substantive outcomes.

Clegg, S 2010, 'A Philosophical Errand to the End of Work', Time & Society, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 286-288.
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Clegg, S 2010, 'The State, Power, and Agency: Missing in Action in Institutional Theory?', Journal of Management Inquiry, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 4-13.
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Issue is taken with the relative absence of the analysis of power from many leading institutional theory accounts of organizations. The category of institutional entrepreneurs is seen as a functionalist theory-saving device. The stress on norms, myths, and legitimacy is questioned. The importance of a consideration of explicitly political organization is illustrated with an account of the deinstitutionalization of the Bjelke-Peterson government in Queensland. As well as institutionalization the importance of deinstitutionalization is suggested as is the centrality of translation. Recent work that has brought power and agency back into focus is discussed. The centrality of power as the main concept of the social sciences is promoted. The central importance of the state for early institutional accounts, its relative absence from more current ones, and its role in the creation of an “audit society” that would seem most likely to expand significantly in the wake of the global financial crisis is noted.

Clegg, S & Baumeler, C 2010, 'Essai: From Iron Cages to Liquid Modernity in Organization Analysis', Organization Studies, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1713-1733.
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Historically, the metaphor of the iron cage, as a key component of Weber’s sociological imagination, has played a central role in organization studies. It did so both in its initial role in the sociology of bureaucracy and in its reinterpretation in institutional terms. More recently, there have been claims that the metaphors should change. The implications of this for the analysis of organization are the subject of this paper. To address these changes, we draw on debates that have been current in the sociology of consumption, where there is an emergent consensus that there has been a shift to an increasingly liquid modernity. We ask, what are the implications of liquid modernity when viewed not solely in the sphere of consumption but when we shift focus back to the sphere of production — to organizations?

Clegg, SR 2010, 'Talking heads: Interview with Professor Stewart Clegg', Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 11, no. 2.
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Clegg, SR & Bier, CA 2010, 'Ethics and power in business schools and organizations', Journal of Power, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 227-242.
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The history of the business school as an institution stretches back 127 years to its foundations in the Wharton School in Philadelphia. Initially, it was an explicitly ethical project, centred on an ethic of professionalism, an ethics that was never stabilized and settled. Instead, a managerial ethic of the organization man was established in the USA during the post-war ascendancy and mimesis of the institution. From the 1980s onwards, in a response to the emergence of neo-liberal governmental projects, two strong and antithetical tendencies emerged. On the one hand, there was an enormous growth in economic rationalism organized around market fundamentalism. On the other hand, there was a growth of critical management, initially Marxist in derivation but increasingly Foucauldian. Just as labour process analysis seemed to run out of steam with endless empirical accounts of resistance so the Foucault effect seems to have become fixated with the gaze of surveillance and the panopticon. What next, after the ethic of the organization man and the administered society, the ethic of disinterest of science, the ethic of the survival of the fittest of neo-liberalism and the ethic of resistance characterizing critical management? The paper outlines some ideas from the Portuguese sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos to suggest a possible `fifth way of building more positive power relations in the business school and thus rekindling an ethical spark.

Collins, J & Low, A 2010, 'Asian female immigrant entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized businesses in Australia', Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 97-111.
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Among western nations Australia has received, in relative terms, one of the largest and most diverse intakes of immigrants, many of who start up their own small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). While most immigrant entrepreneurs are male, there is growth in the number of female immigrants who have moved into entrepreneurship in Australia and other countries. Yet, research into female immigrant entrepreneurship and a theoretical investigation as to how the impact of ethnic diversity and gender on entrepreneurship can be conceptualized is not well developed in the literature. This article attempts to redress this gap. It reviews the theory of immigrant entrepreneurship and the Australian research, including the findings of unpublished fieldwork with 80 Asian female immigrant entrepreneurs in Sydney. While female immigrant entrepreneurs draw on their human capital and community and family networks as do all female small business owners, their small business experience is also shaped by broader societal responses to minority immigrants, embodied in the concept of the 'accent ceiling', that creates labour market and entrepreneurial barriers for women of minority linguistic, ethnic or religious background that non-immigrant entrepreneurs do not face. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Darcy, S 2010, 'Inherent complexity: Disability, accessible tourism and accommodation information preferences', Tourism Management, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 816-826.
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Studies have identified constraints with the way that accessible accommodation information is documented and marketed. Yet, no research has investigated the criteria that people with disabilities determine as 'important' to selecting accommodation and their preference for presenting this information. This paper presents the results of a survey (n = 566) to determine the relative importance of room selection criteria through the development of a 55-item Hotel Accessibility Scale. Four information formats were then presented to ascertain the preferences of the respondents. The results suggest that while sociodemographic variables offered some insight into criteria selection, the most significant explanation for criteria selection and information preferences were the dimensions of disability and level of support needs. The preferred format of accessible accommodation information provision was based on a combination of textual, floorplan and digital photography. The management implications suggest that detailed information provision using this format has benefits for accommodation stock yield and social sustainability. © 2009.

Darcy, S, Cameron, B & Pegg, S 2010, 'Accessible tourism and sustainability: a discussion and case study', Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 515-537.
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This paper explores the concept of accessible tourism and its links with triple-bottom-line (TBL) sustainability. Accessible tourism is reviewed through some of its central features including dimensions of access, universal design and the nexus between ageing and disability. The TBL is then examined to better understand the financial, environmental and social considerations that arise from accessible tourism. The research design used in this explorative research incorporated a case study approach, where a business case study instrument was developed. Methods included a Delphi group, review of management information systems, in-depth interviews with key informants, observation and participant observation. The study results revealed that rather than accessible tourism being a single construct, it forms one critical dimension of a series of interrelated, overlapping and interdependent business arrangements that extend beyond the business entity through a series of social networks within the destination region. It is argued that to properly satisfy the accessible tourism market, a more sophisticated understanding of accessible destination experiences is needed by tourism operators. The case study illustrates the considerable size and multi-niche markets served by accessible tourism destinations, the good fit between accessible tourism and TBL sustainable tourism, and the need for further research. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

dela Rama, M, Edwards, M, Dalton, B & Green, J 2010, 'Honourable Intentions? Analysing the Interests of Private Equity in the Aged Care Sector', Third Sector Review, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 63-82.
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The Australian aged care industry was once dominated by non-profit organisations but recently ownership has changed significantly with the entry of for profit and in particular private equity investment vehicles. This paper provides an overview of the main players and the effects of private equity on the Australian aged care sector. The analysis is framed within the literature which examines the relationship between ownership type and the quality of community services. It also presents a series of case studies which suggest that a change of ownership from non-profit to private equity may have significant consequences for the quality of service provision.

Emmerick, RR & Adair, D 2010, 'Prestige, privilege and polite society: The origins of fencing in New South Wales, 1800 to 1939', Sporting Traditions, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 67-83.
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Fencing has been an Olympic sport since 1896, but even with that status it has attracted little interest from historians. Internationally the major study of fencing is Cohenï½s By the Sword (2002), which is not a history per se but rather snapshots of different people and times. Within that potted context, Australian fencing receives no mention, though such an omission may not surprise. Sporting Traditions has never published a paper on 15 of the 23 Summer Olympic Sports, including fencing. If there is to be worthwhile analysis of the Olympic movement and of the Games, surely an understanding of all of the sports of which the Olympics are comprised is a necessity. Further, while these 15 overlooked sports may be considered `minorï½ in Australia, many other countries ascribe great value to them. Indeed, in terms of fencing, World Championships typically have television coverage in more than 50 nations.

Feng, T, Keller, LR, Wang, L & Wang, Y 2010, 'Product Quality Risk Perceptions and Decisions: Contaminated Pet Food and Lead-Painted Toys', Risk Analysis, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1572-1589.
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In the context of the recent recalls of contaminated pet food and lead-painted toys in the United States, we examine patterns of risk perceptions and decisions when facing consumer product-caused quality risks. Two approaches were used to explore risk perceptions of the product recalls. In the first approach, we elicited judged probabilities and found that people appear to have greatly overestimated the actual risks for both product scenarios. In the second approach, we applied the psychometric paradigm to examine risk perception dimensions concerning these two specific products through factor analysis. There was a similar risk perception pattern for both products: they are seen as unknown risks and are relatively not dread risks. This pattern was also similar to what prior research found for lead paint. Further, we studied people's potential actions to deal with the recalls of these two products. Several factors were found to be significant predictors of respondents' cautious actions for both product scenarios. Policy considerations regarding product quality risks are discussed. For example, risk communicators could reframe information messages to prompt people to consider total risks packed together from different causes, even when the risk message has been initiated due to a specific recall event. © 2010 Society for Risk Analysis.

Gustavs, J & Clegg, SR 2010, 'DNA and the politics of truth in socially organized life', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 439-458.
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We apply a representation of the double helix to explain how truth is managed in the social organization of life. One chain, representing context, is made up of the three materialities through which we move - discourses, time and space.

Hayllar, B, Griffin, T & Edwards, D 2010, 'Preface', City Spaces - Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts, pp. xi-xii.

Ishimine, K, Wilson, R & Evans, D 2010, 'Quality of Australian childcare and children's social skills', International Journal of Early Years Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 159-175.
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Klettner, AL, Clarke, T & Adams, MA 2010, 'Corporate governance reform: An empirical study of the changing roles and responsibilities of Australian boards and directors', Australian Journal of Corporate Law, vol. 24, pp. 148-176.
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This article draws together some of the legal and management literature relevant to the theory and design of qualitative empirical research in the field of corporate governance. It goes on to describe the methodology used by the authors in a project involving interviews with representatives of 67 Australian companies. One of the aims of the project was to examine the changing roles and responsibilities of company boards and directors following legal and regulatory reform.It is only through improving our knowledge of the day to day processes occurring in board rooms that we can really understand the complex relationship between the regulatory framework and the control of corporations in practice. Our evidence was that with regard to the Australian corporate governance framework, over-regulation is not as critical an issue as often suggested, instead the âcomply or explainâ mechanism is well understood and permits sufficient flexibility for companies to find an acceptable cost-benefit balance.

Leeworthy, D, Taylor, M, Lake, RJ, Adair, D, Beck, PJ, Merritt, RK, Porter, D, Nead, L & Galligan, F 2010, 'Book Reviews', Sport in History, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 164-187.
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Leung, L 2010, 'Telecommunications across borders', Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 58.1-58.13.
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This article reports on recent research examining refugees as a particular user group of communication technologies. The term 'refugee' refers to all people who are exposed to refugee-type experiences and may include displaced people, asylum seekers and resettled refugees who have been granted residency in Australia. A review of literature has found that refugees as technology users have had very little attention across different disciplines, although the research has shown that technology is key to sustaining emotional wellbeing and precarious connections with family members when displaced. In particular, the telephone is the most critical technology for refugees in terms availability and familiarity. However, the access and affordability of telecommunications services and other technologies during displacement impacts on refugees' adoption and use of technology in the settlement process.

Leung, LT 2010, 'Message from a Refugee', Australasian Science, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 36-37.
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Liburd, JJ & Edwards, D 2010, 'Understanding the Sustainable Development of Tourism', TOURISM MANAGEMENT, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 232-233.
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This text provides tourism students, educators, industry planners, researchers, managers and operators with the latest thinking on a comprehensive range of themes addressing the sustainable development of tourism.

McKinlay, A, Carter, C, Pezet, E & Clegg, S 2010, 'Using Foucault to make strategy', Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1012-1031.
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PurposeThe premise of the paper is that Foucault's concept of governmentality has important but unacknowledged implications for understanding strategy. Highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the governmentality approach, the paper seeks to suggest how governmentality can be used to conceptualise strategy. More generally, the paper seeks to contribute to the body of research on governmentality articulated by authors such as Peter Miller, Ted O'Leary and Nikolas Rose.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reprises the argument that accounting is constitutive of social relations. It proceeds to discuss Peter Miller, Ted O'Leary and Nikolas Rose's seminal contributions to the conceptual development of governmentality. In outlining their work, the paper highlights the significance accorded to the emergence of standard costing and scientific management and its subsequent role in developing both the strategies and structures of managerial capitalism. The paper examines how this, in turn, was pivotal to the emergence of strategy as an important means through which organisations began to understand and conceive of themselves. The paper rehearses the standard criticisms made of governmentality within the accounting literature, before arguing that the concept emerges intact from the critique levelled against it. Proceeding to summarise Foucault's radical conception of power, the paper notes the elusiveness of Foucault's relationship with strategy. Elaborating on the nature of governmentality, the paper employs the concept to re‐examine the managerial revolution. The objective is to explore its implications for understanding strategy.FindingsThe paper builds on the innovative work published in account...

ONYX, J & LEONARD, R 2010, 'The Conversion of Social Capital into Community Development: an Intervention in Australia's Outback', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 381-397.
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AbstractThe research presented in this article employed a deliberate intervention to mobilize social capital and then studied the dynamics of the way in which it influenced community development. Whether or not social capital is able to facilitate development depends on the specific context in which it occurs. Although the general context of this study was that of small rural towns in Australia's outback that are experiencing decline, each of the four towns studied had unique features which could influence the mobilization of social capital. Rural communities have the willingness and capacity to mobilize but whether this capacity is actualized may well depend on the presence of other mobilizing factors. Specifically the intervention study found that a structure needs to be in place which can take the initiative and work across the community — engaging a range of organizations. Second, the structure needs to be supported, but not controlled, by local government. Third, it needs the kind of social entrepreneurship that can sustain a community‐wide vision and bring together the diverse groups within the community.Résumé Les recherches présentées s'appuient sur une opération destinée à mobiliser le capital social, afin d'étudier les dynamiques selon lesquelles il a influé sur le développement communautaire. L'aptitude du capital social à faciliter le développement dépend du contexte dans lequel celui‐ci se produit. Bien que cette étude se place dans de petites villes de campagnes reculées d'Australie confrontées à un déclin, chacune des quatre villes concernées présentaient des spécificités propres susceptibles d'influencer la mobilisation du capital social. Les communautés rurales ont la volonté et la capacité de se mobiliser, mais la concrétisation de cette capacité peut dépendre largement de la présence d'autres facteurs mobilisateurs. E...

Onyx, J, Armitage, L, Dalton, B, Melville, R, Casey, J & Banks, R 2010, 'Advocacy with Gloves on: The “Manners” of Strategy Used by Some Third Sector Organizations Undertaking Advocacy in NSW and Queensland', VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 41-61.
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This article examines the strategies used by some third sector organizations in Australia to advocate. The purpose of this article is to identify the kinds of activities that organizations in New South Wales and Queensland use to promote advocacy, the kinds of language that is used to describe these activities, and the reasons given for the particular strategies adopted. The extent to which the organizations adopt ï½softerï½ (that is more institutional forms of advocacy) rather than more openly challenging forms of activism is examined, particularly in light of a neo-liberal political and economic environment. In this analysis emergent strategies are identified that are not easily categorized as either ï½institutionalï½ or ï½radicalï½ advocacy. The article presents an exploratory analysis of some of the implications of the strategies adopted, in terms of their democratic effects and potential to strengthen the capacity of third sector organizations. The article is informed by the findings of a qualitative research project involving interviews with 24 organizations in the community services and environmental fields.

Paul, SK & Azeem, A 2010, 'Minimization of work-in-process inventory in hybrid flow shop scheduling using fuzzy logic', International Journal of Industrial Engineering : Theory Applications and Practice, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 115-127.
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This paper addresses the Hybrid Flow Shop (HFS) scheduling problems to minimize the total work-in-process inventory. Job scheduling problems are one of the oldest and real world combinational optimization problems. It is multi objective and complex in nature. There exist some criteria that must be taken into consideration when evaluating the quality of the proposed schedule. Consideration of job and machine reliability is very important during assignment of jobs in each stage to get realistic hybrid flow shop schedule. In this paper, flow shop problem concerns the sequencing of a given number of jobs through a series of machines in the exact same order on all machines with the aim to satisfy a set of constraint as much as possible and optimize a set of objectives. Fuzzy sets and logic can be used to tackle uncertainties inherent in actual flow shop scheduling problems. Fuzzy due dates, cost over time and profit rate result the job priority and to determine the machine priority processing time of each machine is considered. MATLAB fuzzy tool box is used to calculate the priorities of jobs and machines at different stages. Finally, jobs are assigned into machines based on a grouping and sequencing algorithm that minimizes the total work-in-process inventory. © INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING.

Pina e Cunha, M, Clegg, SR & Mendonca, S 2010, 'On serendipity and organizing', EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 319-330.
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Serendipity means the accidental discovery of something valuable. While it is sometimes presented as an element of organizational learning, it has rarely been addressed per se by organizational scholars. We discuss and elaborate the processes associated with serendipity in the organizational context. At its core, serendipity is a process of metaphorical association seeing something in another thing. New ways of seeing may provide the necessary ingredients for creativity and exploratory learning, which will counter organizational tendencies towards inertia and the ossification of dominant mindsets and practices.

Pina e Cunha, M, Guimaraes-Costa, N, Rego, A & Clegg, SR 2010, 'Leading and Following (Un)ethically in Limen', JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 189-206.
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We propose a liminality-based analysis of the process of ethical leadership/followership in organizations. A liminal view presents ethical leadership as a process taking place in organizational contexts that are often characterized by high levels of ambiguity, which render the usual rules and preferences dubious or inadequate. In these relational spaces, involving leaders, followers, and their context, old frames may be questioned and new ones introduced in an emergent way, through subtle processes whose evolution and implications may not be easy to grasp even by those participating in them.

Pina e Cunha, M, Rego, A & Clegg, SR 2010, 'Obedience and Evil From Milgram and Kampuchea to Normal Organizations', JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 291-309.
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Obedience: a simple term. Stanley Milgram, the famous experimental social psychologist, shocked the world with theory about it. Another man, Pol Pot, the infamous leader of the Khmer Rouge, showed how far the desire for obedience could go in human societies. Milgram conducted his experiments in the controlled environment of the US psychology laboratory of the 1960s. Pol Pot experimented with Utopia in the totalitarian Kampuchea of the 1970s. In this article, we discuss the process through which the Khmer Rouge regime created an army of unquestioningly obedient soldiers including child soldiers. Based on these two cases, we advance a framework on how obedience can be grown or countered.

Posner, BZ 2010, 'Values and the American Manager: A Three-Decade Perspective', Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 457-465.
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Although studies in organizational storytelling have dealt extensively with the relationship between narrative, power and organizational change, little attention has been paid to the implications of this for ethics within organizations. This article addresses this by presenting an analysis of narrative and ethics as it relates to the practice of organizational downsizing. Drawing on Paul Ricoeurs theories of narrative and ethics, we analyze stories of organizational change reported by employees and managers in an organization that had undergone persistent downsizing. Our analysis maintains that the presence of a dominant story that seeks to legitimate organizational change also serves to normalize it, and that this, in turn, diminishes the capacity for organizations to scrutinize the ethics of their actions. We argue that when organizational change narratives become singularized through dominant forms of emplotment, ethical deliberation and responsibility in organizations are diminished. More generally, we contend that the narrative closure achieved by the presence of a dominant narrative amongst employees undergoing organizational change is antithetical to the openness required for ethical questioning.

Reggers, AL, Wearing, SL & Faulkner, S 2010, 'Is Kokoda ready for World Heritage Status?', Australasian Parks and Leisure Journal, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 30-34.
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The article analyzes the possibility of enlisting Kokoda Track and Owen of Papua New Guinea under the World Heritage Status. It was revealed that people within communities along the Kokoda Track are not aware of the World Heritage status and the benefits of being enlisted under the status, and that they are more concerned with basic services like food supply, health and education than the status. The Department of Environment and Conservation pointed out that tourism is a not a major sector in the Owen Stanley Ranges.

Rhodes, C, Pullen, A & Clegg, SR 2010, ''If I Should Fall From GraceaEuro broken vertical bar aEuro (TM): Stories of Change and Organizational Ethics', JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 535-551.
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Although studies in organizational storytelling have dealt extensively with the relationship between narrative, power and organizational change, little attention has been paid to the implications of this for ethics within organizations. This article addresses this by presenting an analysis of narrative and ethics as it relates to the practice of organizational downsizing. Drawing on Paul Ricoeur's theories of narrative and ethics, we analyze stories of organizational change reported by employees and managers in an organization that had undergone persistent downsizing. Our analysis maintains that the presence of a dominant story that seeks to legitimate organizational change also serves to normalize it, and that this, in turn, diminishes the capacity for organizations to scrutinize the ethics of their actions. We argue that when organizational change narratives become singularized through dominant forms of emplotment, ethical deliberation and responsibility in organizations are diminished. More generally, we contend that the narrative closure achieved by the presence of a dominant narrative amongst employees undergoing organizational change is antithetical to the openness required for ethical questioning. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.

Rhodes, C, Pullen, A, Vickers, MH, Clegg, SR & Pitsis, A 2010, 'Violence and Workplace Bullying', Administrative Theory & Praxis, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 96-115.
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Rhodes, CH, Pullen, A, Vickers, MH, Clegg, SR & Pitsis, A 2010, 'Violence and workplace bullying: What are an organization's ethical responsiblities?', Administrative Theory & Praxis, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 96-115.
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Understood as an act of violence intentionally perpetuated by one person over another, bullying is a direct affront to ethics, especially when ethics is seen to be grounded in a primary relationship with and responsibility for other people. Existing research has attended largely to providing individualized rather than organizational explanations of bullying and has not adequately interrogated bullying in relation to ethics. With this paper, we address the question What are organizations ethical responsibilities in responding to the bullying that occurs within them? We argue that although organizations cannot necessarily be held responsible for individual acts of bullying, they can be held responsible for asserting constant vigilance that seeks to address and minimize the presence of such acts. We call for organizations to act, not just to prevent or censure individual acts of bullying, but also to engage in an ongoing and active self-critique of all of their practices insofar as they support the institutionalization and normalization of bullying relationships.

Schulenkorf, N 2010, 'Bridging the Divide: The Role of Sport Events in Contributing to Social Development Between Disparate Communities', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 127-131.
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Sport events offer valuable experiences to participants, supporters, and other stakeholders while its impacts are of significant economical, political, social and psychological importance. From a social perspective, sport has been described as a language which all people in the world understand and speak and which is able to emotionally unite groups (Dyreson 2003). However, despite the increased recognition and use of sport and event projects as important contributors to the social fabric of multicultural societies, evaluations of inter-community sport events for the purposes of social development have largely been overlooked.

Schulenkorf, N 2010, 'Sport events and ethnic reconciliation: Attempting to create social change between Sinhalese, Tamil and Muslim sportspeople in war-torn Sri Lanka', INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 273-294.
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Reconciliation is about bringing disparate communities together and creating the communication necessary to reduce intergroup barriers, generate understanding, and connect with others to achieve a peaceful togetherness. This article investigates the role of sport events in contributing to reconciliation and inclusive social change between disparate communities in ethnically divided Sri Lanka. Following an interpretive mode of enquiry, findings suggest that if strategically designed, sport events allow the establishment of interpersonal friendships and the creation of inclusive social identities along national lines, organizational lines, common interests and imagined factors. Events can create 'momenta of togetherness' for members of disparate ethnic groups and as such may contribute to positive social change and a sense of imagiNation. While sport events provide a starting point, booster and catalyst for positive social change and development on a community level, they need to be integrated into a larger agenda of socio-political support to make a significant contribution to reconciliation and peace in divided societies. © The Author(s) 2010.

Schulenkorf, N 2010, 'The roles and responsibilities of a change agent in sport event development projects', Sport Management Review, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 118-128.
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There is increasing evidence that NGOs and Government agencies are turning to sport events as a tool for reconciliation and inter-community development (Burnett, 2006; Gasser & Levinsen, 2004; Stidder & Haasner, 2007; Sugden, 2006), yet the different roles and responsibilities of the organising 'change agent' within development projects have not received much empirical investigation. To address this gap, this paper analyses the different roles and responsibilities of an international sport event change agent in the ethnically divided Sri Lanka. Following an interpretivist mode of inquiry, findings of this research are derived from the analysis of 2 focus groups and 35 in-depth interviews with Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim and international event stakeholders. Findings suggest that the change agent holds nine key roles and responsibilities in the inter-community development process. These are being an agent for community participation; a trust builder; a networker; a leader; a socially responsible advocate; a resource developer; a proactive innovator; a financial supporter; and a strategic planner for the long-term sustainability of projects. This research suggests that it is important to fulfil these roles to secure active community participation, to achieve positive socio-cultural event impacts and outcomes, and to provide a strategic framework for sustainable inter-community development.

Stronach, MM & Adair, D 2010, 'Lords of the Square Ring: Future Capital and Career Transition Issues for Elite Indigenous Australian Boxers', Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 46-70.
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In Australia a serious and widely documented statistical gap exists between the socio-economic circumstances of the country’s Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Areas of divergence include life expectancy, health, housing, income, and educational opportunity and employment. This has made career attainment problematic for most Aboriginal people. Among male Indigenous people, professional sport is portrayed as one of the few realms in which they can prosper. This is particularly true in the major football codes – Australian Rules and rugby league – and a feature of elite-level boxing, where Indigenous fighters are also statistically over-represented. However, while sport has provided opportunities for a small number of talented Indigenous athletes, it has rarely been a pathway to lifelong prosperity. This paper contends that as a result of over-reliance on an abundant bank of physical capital, Indigenous Australian boxers are particularly vulnerable to potential occupational obsolescence should their bodily assets erode more quickly than envisaged. Drawing on an Indigenous concept, Dadirri, to inform a wider interpretive phenomenological approach, the paper examines retirement experiences of fourteen elite male Indigenous Australian boxers; the goal of this research is to understand their post-sport career decision making. In this respect, Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital and field are utilised to frame and interpret the capacity of Indigenous boxers to develop sustainable career pathways – which we describe as future capital – during their time as elite athletes. For this group of athletes, being an Indigenous person was found to be a significant factor in their decision-making to enter the sport, which may then leave them open to exploitation within the field. Many boxers find their engagement with education and vocational training remains restricted to occupations that complement an Indigenous sense of cultural capital. Th...

Thomson, A, Darcy, S & Pearce, S 2010, 'Ganma theory and third-sector sport-development programmes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth: Implications for sports management', Sport Management Review, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 313-330.
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Sport-development programmes provide opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth to excel and overcome social inequities. In Australia, all levels of government have identified sport-development programmes in their policy responses as a method to redress inequity amongst this population. Yet, a recent report has shown that national sport organisations have been more reactive in establishing anti-discrimination policy and less proactive in cultivating culturally inclusive programmes and meaningful sporting experiences (Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 2007). At the same time, neo-liberal approaches to policy in Australia have seen the emphasis on grassroots community sport-development shift to third-sector organisations. However, little research has examined how the third-sector organisations operate with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and how culturally inclusive the programmes they deliver are for the communities in which they operate. Three case studies with the objectives of analysing organisational approaches to: structure and governance; sport-development philosophies; and cultural inclusiveness of the programmes, are presented here. The case studies were informed by the cultural lens of Ganma, a theory belonging to the Yolngu community of Yirrkala (Marika, Ngurruwutthun, & White, 1992). The case study method included in-depth interviews with programme leaders, reviews of management information systems and programme observation. The findings provided evidence of the importance of culturally inclusive programmes through governance and an informal lived approach to philosophy and culture. The implications for sports management are discussed, including: the benefits of involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at the board level; the need for collaboration between local communities and partners; the explicit need to empower local communities to develop the skills to sustain programmes and...

van Marrewijk, A, Veenswijk, M & Clegg, S 2010, 'Organizing reflexivity in designed change: the ethnoventionist approach', Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 212-229.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the role of intervention‐oriented scientists in the process of organisation development. The paper seeks to contribute to the growing interest in design studies for organisation development and argues that a focus on reflexivity is missing in current debate. The aim of the paper to develop critical reflexiveness for organization design studies by introducing the ethnoventionist approach.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the ideal forms of clinical inquiry, participative action research, ethnography, and the ethnoventionist approach. The ethnoventionist approach is described by its central aspects: a focus on reflexivity, a management (but not managerialist) orientation, commitment to obtaining a deep understanding, connecting the multi‐layered context, and studying in pre‐arranged longitudinal intervals.FindingsThe ethnoventionist approach uses organisational ethnographies to facilitate intervention strategies intended to improve organisations. An example of such an approach in the design of new collaborative practices in the Dutch construction sector is drawn on.Practical implicationsThe essence of the ethnoventionist approach is to obtain a deeper understanding of organisational change. The ethnoventionist approach helps to overcome a lack of attention to management in current ethnographic bodies of knowledge and to deepen existing management approaches to change dynamics. Ethnoventionist approaches can be very useful for intervention‐oriented studies of change processes which require high levels of engagement and which produce high‐q...

Wearing, S 2010, 'A Response to Jim Butcher and Peter Smith's Paper ‘Making a Difference’: Volunteer Tourism and Development', Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 213-215.
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Wearing, SL, Wearing, M & McDonald, M 2010, 'Understanding local power and interactional processes in sustainable tourism: exploring village-tour operator relations on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea', JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 61-76.
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This paper explores the power relations in and between local villages and outside tourism operators on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea (PNG). The analysis of power focuses on the contingencies of agency in the interactional order allowing greater participatory approaches to sustainable tourism. The notion of power applied in this case study is derived from Michel Foucault's concept of power relations. It is argued that local power and ensuing interactions are neither a zero sum gain or over-determined structurally, but a symbiotic process. By applying Foucault's concepts to the preparation of the Ecotrekking Strategy developed by the villages on the Kokoda Track, we illustrate how power is exercised through dominance, negotiation, rationalities and resistance, all of which are interwoven into day-to-day social interactions between tourism operators and local villages. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of this analysis for sustainable tourism development. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Yu, K & Levy, F 2010, 'Offshoring Professional Services: Institutions and Professional Control', British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 758-783.
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AbstractWe examine the reasons why one might expect it to be more difficult to offshore professional work than manufacturing work in a globalized world. We then provide data on the variations in a specific case — the offshoring of diagnostic radiology from the USA, UK and Singapore. We show that existing theories on the ‘offshorability’ of jobs have not captured how national institutions and occupational regulations continue to define professional work. We then review the question of supply from India's perspective and report that both macro‐institutional and organizational contexts make it complicated for Indian doctors to supply much of this service.

Agarwal, R & Selen, W 1970, 'Operationalisation of the organisational orientation and culture construct in service value networks', Proceedings of 24th Annual ANZAM Conference, Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference, ANZAM, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-19.
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Todays service organisations increasingly operate as part of a larger service system or Service Value Network (SVN). This requires organisations to develop a work culture which encourages collaboration, communication, creativity, risk taking and empowerment among their members, and motivates employees to question fundamental beliefs and work patterns. This paper develops the Organisational Orientation and Culture (OOC)-construct for building a sustainable SVN, and comprises four key cultures and orientations from the literature: entrepreneurial orientation, collaborative culture, learning orientation, and market/customer orientation. Using empirical data from a large Australian telecommunications SVN, and through the use of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (using a holdout sample), this paper demonstrates that Collaborative Culture, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and a newly merged factor Freedom of Speech Culture emerge as the predominant underlying factors of culture for contemporary collaborative service organisations.

Agarwal, R & Umphress, D 1970, 'A flexible model for simulation of software development process', Proceedings of the 48th Annual Southeast Regional Conference, ACM SE '10: ACM Southeast Regional Conference, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 213-216.
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Baker, E, Onyx, J & Edwards, M 1970, 'Emergence of social entrepreneurial activities: Learning from community networks', Second Int' l Conf on Social Entrepreneurship, Systems Thinking & Complexity, Adelphi University Center for Complexity & Social Entrepreneurship.

Clarke, T & Klettner, AL 1970, 'Corporate Governance: Investigating the Reform of Boards and Directors', 2010 European Academy of Management EURAM, SYMPOSIUM 1: Management in Tommorowland: Exploring the challenges & the seeds of sustainable management, European Academy of Management EURAM, Tor Vergata University, Rome Italy, pp. 1-39.
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CHAIR TRACK 7: Corporate Governance and the crisis of financialisation This paper draws together the legal and management literature relevant to the theory and design of qualitative empirical research in the field of corporate governance. It goes on to provide a detailed description of an empirical project carried out by the authors. This project involved interviews with representatives of 67 Australian companies, ranging in size from large multinationals to small start-ups, and was designed to investigate the response of those companies to legal and regulatory developments in the area of corporate governance. This paper will discuss the theoretical issues and practical difficulties of qualitative empirical research as well as its value in better understanding complex regulatory systems. The later part of the paper will highlight some of the key findings of our project within the context of the relevant legal and regulatory environment.

Collins, J 1970, 'The media, immigrant minorities and ethnic crime in Sydney', Sydney City Council Forum on Media and Inclusion, Living in Harmony Festival, Sydney, Australia.

Dalton, BM, Green, J & Pearce, S 1970, 'Structural factors behind attrition of ATSIC students in higher education: why ABSTUDY needs reform!', Dalton, Bronwen, Jenny Green, and Sonya Pearce. 'Structural factors behind attrition of ATSIC students in higher education: why ABSTUDY needs reform!.' The Third Sector as Civil Society in Australasia: Identity, Role and Influence in the New Century. 2010., ANZTSR: The Third Sector as Civil Society in Australasia: Identity, Role and Influence in the New Century, UTS.

Dalton, BM, Jang, H, Jung, K & Johns, RE 1970, 'Destination Australia: Working conditions of Korean women working in the entertainment and sex industry', Proceedings of the 9th PERA Conference - Workforce Planning in Times of Crisis and Change, Pacific Employment Relations Association Conference, Pacific Employment Relations Association, Adelaide Australia, pp. 32-54.
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The experience of women working in the sex and entertainment industry is an issue central to feminism, social and human rights movements, and ongoing political debate. Although now an area of scholarly research the clandestine nature of this industry makes research challenging and means many aspects remain unknown. In this paper, the researchers examine the working conditions of Korean women working in the sex industry in Australia. The paper reports on recent trends in patterns of migration and draws attention to the fact that increasing numbers of Korean women are utilising =working holiday` visas to work in the sex and entertainment industry and that under Australian law this practice is essentially legal. The paper also examines the nature of their service in the sex industry and details the conditions of their employment. Findings from this study aim to inform recommendations to policy makers in relevant government and non-government community service organisations.

Dunphy, DC, Benn, SH & Perrott, B 1970, 'Building sustainability knowledge through the case study method', Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference, Adelaide, Australia.

Edwards, DC, Griffin, T, Hayllar, BR & Dickson, T 1970, 'Examining the performance of urban destinations: A comparison Of domestic and international tourists to two Australian capital cities', Proceedings of the 20th Annual Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education, Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education annual conference, CAUTHE, Hobart, Australia, pp. 1-24.
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Edwards, Griffin and Hayllar (2007) argued that research on urban tourism was not reflective of its degree of importance relative to tourism in other types of destinations. Further there is a paucity of Australian-based research. To partially address this imbalance, this study aimed to enhance the understanding of both domestic and international tourists experiences of two Australian urban destinations, Sydney and Canberra, through an examination of the key attributes sought by visitors to those destinations. Additionally, the study sought to understand the relative importance of these destination attributes and the extent to which tourists were satisfied with their experiences of these attributes.

Faulkner, S & Wearing, SL 1970, 'Coming home: The effects of the volunteer tourism experience on the volunteer', 20th Annual Conference Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education annual conference, CAUTHE, Hobart, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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NA

Frawley, SM 1970, 'Blatchy's Blues: The Points of Attachment of Representative-Level Sport Fans', 16th SMAANZ Conference 2010, Sport Management Australia and New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 29-29.

Jannat, S, Khaled, AA & Paul, SK 1970, 'Optimal Solution for Multi-Objective Facility Layout Problem Using Genetic Algorithm', International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 751-756.

Kaya, E 1970, 'Urban Transformation and Industrial Cultural Heritage: Case of Bomonti Beer Factory', 14th International Planning History Society Conference, 12-15 July 2010, Istanbul.

Leung, LT 1970, 'Issues in mobility and literacy: user-centred information design for asylum seeker and refugee communities', My Language Your Language in the Digital Age, Sydney.

Leung, LT 1970, ''We don't need no education': preparing precariats for the digital creative industries', ACS Crossroads 2010 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Panel on issues in digital labour

Md. Maruf Hossan Chowdhury & Md. Tayub Chowdhury 1970, 'Information integration in a dyadic relationship between producer and supplier: A case study on Holtab and its supplier', 2010 IEEE 17Th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, EM2010), IEEE, pp. 333-343.
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Information integration enables firms to get real time information to cater the needs of customers, reduce order cycle time, accelerate response times and reduce cost in the supply chain. The paper aims at analyzing the present state of information flow between producer and its supplier, focuses on the ways and means of information integration between producer supplier dyad to ensure on time delivery of a critical component. A case study has been carried out using a qualitative research approach. Primary Data have been collected by observation and semi structured interview with the logistics manager and production manager of both producer and supplier. From the analysis and findings it is revealed that information flow both intra and inter-company is not smooth which creates the problem of uncertainty in the supply of critical component. To solve this problem both short term and long term solutions have been suggested based on the degree of integration required between the producer supplier dyad. © 2010 IEEE.

Paul, SK & Azeem, A 1970, 'Defects Identification and Analysis of a Pharmaceutical Product Using Pareto and Cause-Effect Analysis', 8th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 1-6.

Perrott, B 1970, 'Improving health service delivery: Potential gaps and solutions', Proceedings of 24th Annual ANZAM Conference, Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference, ANZAM, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-19.

Russell, AJ, King, S, Kaji-O'Grady, S & Edwards, DC 1970, 'Mapping Ultimo, Sydney, for sustainable urbanism', Proceedings of the Urban Design Research: Method and Application, Urban Design Research: Method and Application, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK, pp. 149-164.
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A 2009 research project in Sydney, Australia, developed ways of working with digital tools to capture the urban experience and its dynamic systems, as well as its physical composition. The project saw a unique collaboration between researchers, practitioners and students from the disciplines of architecture and tourism. It drew on the theoretical frameworks, skills and interests of all those involved.

Scerri, M & Agarwal, R 1970, 'Yield Management: Applicability to Education Services Sector', PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPERATIONS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (ICOSCM 2010), 4th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management/15th Annual Meeting of the Asia-Pacific-Decision-Sciences-Institute, CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG, ECONOMICS & MANGEMENT SCHOOL, WUHAN UNIV, PEOPLES R CHINA, Hong Kong, pp. 381-387.
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Yield management is credited with delivering increases in revenue of between five to seven percent for top tier airlines. Since that time, its application has been extended to other service sectors within the travel and tourism industry. However, its application in other service industries which have high fixed costs and little marginal cost for additional customers is still in its infancy or is yet to be explored.

Schlenker, K, Edwards, DC, Hayllar, BR & Griffin, T 1970, 'City spaces, functional places: Functions of urban tourism precincts', Proceedings of the 20th Annual Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education, Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education annual conference, CAUTHE, Hobart, Australia, pp. 1-12.
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Tourism precincts form an important part of the phenomenon of urban tourism. The pattern of tourist visitation in an urban destination tends to be concentrated in specific tourism precincts, where tourists tend to spend a large proportion of their time (Griffin, Hayllar, & King, 2006; Hayllar & Griffin, 2006). Precincts perform a range of functions that play an important role in providing visitors with a satisfying and fulfilling experience of the city overall. Previous research suggests a range of precinct functions relating to providing visitors with a connection to the city and its people; providing contrast and respite from a citys CBD; acting as a meeting place, or place of orientation for tourists (Griffin & Hayllar, 2006, 2007; Griffin, et al., 2006; Hayllar & Griffin, 2005; Hayllar & Griffin, 2006).

Schulenkorf, N 1970, 'Community empowerment through sport and events: A conceptual framework for sport-for-development projects', Global Events Congress IV: Festivals & Events Research: State of the Art Proceedings Online, Global Events Congress, UK Centre for Event Management, Leeds, UK, pp. 1-21.
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The number of aid organisations, NGOs and Government agencies pursuing the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to improve the everyday needs and social life of disadvantaged communities through sport and events, has been growing over the past decade. Particularly in divided societies, sport-for-development projects have increasingly been staged to contribute to intergroup togetherness, social cohesion and community empowerment. While the analyses of individual sport and event projects highlights their capacity to impact positively on people and groups, they do not provide strategic guidelines, models or frameworks for community empowerment. However, such models are needed to foster practical research in the area of community development that can inform sport and event planning, management and leverage. In an attempt to fill this gap, this paper presents and discusses the Sport-for-Development (S4D) Framework, which can be used to guide the strategic investigation of sport and event projects and their contribution to direct social impacts and lasting social outcomes for (disparate) communities. Finally, this paper suggests different ways in which the S4D Framework could be empirically tested and validated through both qualitative and quantitative research.

Schulenkorf, N & Edwards, DC 1970, 'Social development through sport and events: Strategies for sustaining and leveraging event benefits', Kufstein Congress on Sports & Culture: Sustainable Event Management - Lessons Learnt & Prospects, Kufstein Congress on Sports & Culture, Books on Demand GmbH, Kufstein, pp. 183-198.
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There is increasing evidence that community based sport and event programs can be used to achieve positive social development within and among communities in developing countries (Gasser & Levinsen, 2004; Schulenkorf, 2008; Stidder & Haasner, 2007; Sugden, 2006). According to Moscardo (2007), social development consists of three major, interrelated constructs: social capital, social change and community capacity building. The focus of this paper is on investigating how these social development constructs can be advanced through strategic event planning. Two âsport for developmentâ event projects in war-torn Sri Lanka are examined to identify how event planners and managers can maximise and leverage social benefits for direct participants, supporting stakeholders and the wider community.

Selen, W & Agarwal, R 1970, 'Operationalisation of the Elevated Service Offering-construct in a Service Value Network', 17th International Annual EurOMA Conference, International Annual EurOMA Conference, EuROMA, Portugal, pp. 1-12.
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This paper researches - Elevated Service Offerings - (ESO), or enhanced service offerings which can only be eventuated as a result of partnering, and which could not be delivered on individual organisational merit, within a service value network. The ESO is a multi-dimensional construct which was operationalized and validated through an extensive literature review, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis using a holdout sample. This research gives managers of service organisations further insight into the dimensions of this new concept of innovation in services in collaborative service systems.

Thomson, AK, Leopkey, B, Schlenker, K & Schulenkorf, N 1970, 'Empirical Investigation of Sport Event Legacy in Australian and Canadian Contexts', 16th Annual SMAANZ Conference, Wellington, New Zealand.

Thomson, AK, Leopkey, B, Schlenker, K & Schulenkorf, N 1970, 'Sport Event Legacies: Implications for Meaningful Legacy Outcomes', Global Events Congress IV - Events and Festivals Research State of the Art, Global Events Congress, UK Centre for Events Management, Leeds University, Leeds, UK, pp. 1-22.
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Within the sport and event management context, legacy has emerged as an important justification for public sector involvement and investment since the late 1980s. Legacy is recognised as the long-term economic, tourism, social, and/or environmental outcomes for a host city from staging events (Gratton & Preuss, 2008; Hiller, 2003; Preuss, 2007). Despite the growing popularity, the concept of legacy has largely evaded any meaningful critique for the planning, implementation and evaluation of sport event outcomes. This paper aims to address this gap in the literature by empirically testing five key considerations of legacy, identified in previous work (Thomson, Schlenker, & Schulenkorf, 2009). The five key considerations include;

Yu, K 1970, 'Agency through inter-organizational collaboration: the creation of a new economic regime in the low wage service sector', Organization Studies Summer Workshop, Margaux, France.

Darcy, S, Cameron, B & Pegg, S STCRC 2010, Developing a business case for accessible tourism, Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, pp. 241-259, Gold Coast.

Edwards, DC, Griffin, T & Hayllar, BR CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2010, Understanding Urban Tourism Impacts: An Australian Study. Technical Report, pp. 1-65, Gold Coast.
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As of 30 June 2009, Australias major cities were home to more than two-thirds (69%) of the population (ABS, 2010). In contrast, just 2 per cent of the total population lived in remote or very remote areas of Australia and 29 per cent lived in regional areas (ABS, 2010). In addition to housing the bulk of Australias population, Australias capital cities are also key gateways for international tourism and significant destinations for domestic tourism. For 2008, Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane respectively rated as the top three regions for expenditure by domestic and international visitors (Access Economics 2009). Tourists constitute a `transient population using cities either as gateways to other destinations or as a home for ephemeral periods of time contributing to the rise and fall of urban populations as each new wave of visitors replaces the last (Edwards, Griffin & Hayllar, 2008). During their stay, tourists interact with the host destination and impacts may arise from this interaction. Edwards, Griffin and Hayllar (2008) have argued that a dialectic engagement takes place in cities between host and visitors they question whether cities, originally designed to accommodate permanent residents and concentrations of economic and physical activity, face their own set of consequences that differ to regional contexts.

Foley, CT, Schlenker, K, Edwards, DC & Hayllar, BR Business Events Sydney 2010, A Scoping Study of Business Events: Beyond Tourism Benefits, pp. 1-41, Australia.
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The purpose of this study is to provide an empirically-based assessment of the range and impact of contributions made by business events to host communities beyond the tourism dimension. This project is classified as a scoping study, delivering baseline data on which future stages of research could be built. Future stages of the project could be designed to deliver quantitative data on the contributions made by business events to complement the more qualitative focus of this study. It is well established that business events make a substantial contribution to the Australian economy from a tourism perspective. However, the Business Events Council of Australia (2009a) argues that impacts from business events in areas such as innovation, education, networking, trade, research and practice are likely to far outweigh the financial returns of the tourism spend. They have called for evidence-based research to be undertaken in this area (Business Events Council of Australia 2009b)

Green, R, Agarwal, R, Brown, PJ, Tan, H & Randhawa, K 2010, Management Matters - How does manufacturing measure up?- Background Report for the Ministry of Economic Development (MED), New Zealand, pp. 1-125, Med Nzl.
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Background Report under contract research

Griffin, T, Moore, S, Crilley, G, Darcy, SA & Schweinsberg, SC Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Council 2010, Protected Area Management: Collection and Use of Visitor Data. Volume 1: Summary and Recommendations, pp. 1-50, Brisbane.
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The technical reports present data and its analysis, meta-studies and conceptual studies, and are considered to be of value to industry, government or other researchers. Unlike the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centres (STCRCs) Monograph series, these reports have not been subjected to an external peer review process. As such, the scientific accuracy and merit of the research reported here is the responsibility of the authors, who should be contacted for clarification of any content. Author contact details are at the back of this report. The views and opinions of the authors expressed in the reports or by the authors if you contact them do not necessarily state or reflect those of the STCRC.

Klettner, A & Clarke, T Australian Council of Super Investors 2010, Board Effectiveness & Performance, Melbourne.

Leung, LT & Finney Lamb, C UTS Shopfront 2010, Refugees and Communication Technology, pp. 1-30, Sydney, Australia.

Piper, D, Iedema, RA, Merrick, ET & Perrott, B Centre for Health Communication, UTS 2010, Experience-based Co-Design Program 2. Stage 1 Evaluation Report - Final Report to Health Services Performance Improvement Branch, Sydney.

Schlenker, K & Foley, CT UTS 2010, Parkes Elvis Community Survey, Parkes Shire Council, pp. 1-43, Australia.

Schlenker, K, Foley, CT & Edwards, DC UTS 2010, Elvis Visitor Survey, Parkes Shire Council, pp. 1-36, Australia.

Schlenker, K, Foley, CT & Getz, D Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre 2010, Encore Festival and Event Evaluation Kit: Review and Redevelopment, pp. 1-56, Australia.

Siefken, K, Schofield, G & Schulenkorf, N World Health Organization (Western Pacific Regional Office) 2010, NCD Elimination in Vanuatu, pp. 1-58, Suva, Fiji.
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In November 2010 an NCD assessment team carried out community NCD Mini-STEP screenings to evaluate current NCD projects and to initiate NCD community health awareness in Vanuatu. The respective communities have very limited contact to the Western world, thus there is little external influence on their lifestyle and eating patterns. The NCD Mini STEP screening revealed a very healthy population. In fact, these communities are probably much healthier than their urban counterparts in Lougainville and/or Port Vila. Nevertheless, several chronic patients were identified and are strongly recommended to be consistently monitored and be provided with regular medication (blood pressure, diabetes). The NCD team identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the existing NCD projects on Aniwa and Aneythium. Overall, these NCD projects are unique, highly innovative and sophisticated. For example, monthly NCD community screenings are well organized and other communities (both urban and rural) are advised to adapt these initiatives. Consistent monitoring and provision of medication to current chronic patients is required. Importantly, the involvement of local highlevel decision makers is likely to contribute to positive and sustainable health development.

Buhalis, D & Darcy, S 2010, 'Accessible tourism concepts and issues', Channel View Books, Bristol, UK, pp. 1-336.
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This book therefore sets out to explore and document the current theoretical approaches, foundations and issues in the study of accessible tourism.

Clegg, SR 2010, 'A Titular Misnomer and a Degree of Analytic Error', Princeton University Press.
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(hard cover) RRP $45.95.Australian Review of Public Affairs, March, http://www.australianreview.net/