Publications

Earley, PC 1997, Face, Harmony, and Social Structure An Analysis of Organizational Behavior Across Cultures, Oxford University Press.
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In this work, he develops a mid-range theory of individual behavior, self-concept, and interpersonal process in an effort to explain cultural differences in organizational settings.

Earley, PC & Erez, M 1997, New Perspectives on International Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Pfeiffer.
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Discover the important roles cultural and national origin plays in the relationship between an organization and its employees.

Earley, PC & Erez, M 1997, The Transplanted Executive Why You Need to Understand How Workers in Other Countries See the World Differently, Oxford University Press.
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Why You Need to Understand How Workers in Other Countries See the World Differently P. Christopher Earley, Miriam Erez. THE TRANSPLANTED EXECUTIVE This page intentionally left blank THE TRANSPLANTED EXECUTIVE Why You.

Wearing, SL 1997, Developing ecotourism :a community based approach, Hepper Marriott and Associates, Melbourne, Victoria.

Clarke, T & Bostock, R 1997, 'Governance in Germany: The Foundations of Corporate Structure?' in Keasey, K, Wright, M & Thompson, S (eds), Corporate Governance : Economic, Management, and Financial Issues, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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An analysis of the development of corporate governance institutions in Germany which are very different from Anglo-American institutions and principles. In Germany co-determination is well established, with a broader definition of stakeholders including customers, workers and the community.

Griffin, T & Darcy, SA 1997, 'Australia: Consequences of the newly adopted pro-Asia orientation' in Frank, G & Jenkins, C (eds), Tourism and Economic Development in Asia and Australasia, Cassell Publishers, Hong Kong, pp. 67-90.
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A book that brings together tourism and economic development literature for Asia and Australasia

Wieder, B 1997, 'Die Kosten- und Erlösträgerrechnung Konzept des Marketing-Accounting - unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Dienstleistungbereiches' in SEICHT Gerhard (ed), Jahrbuch für Controlling und Rechnungswensen '97, Orac, Vienna, Austria, pp. 489-537.
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Costing and Revenue Allocation in Marketing-Accounting - With an Emphasis on Services

Blair, A, Debenham, JK & Edwards, J 1997, 'A Comparative Study Of Methodologies For Designing IDSSs', European Journal Of Operational Research, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 277-295.
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In this paper, we describe a comprehensive study conducted to understand the methodologies which are being used to design Intelligent Decision Support Systems (IDSSs) and to identify the key methodological problems and benefits with using these methodolo

Bollerslev, T, Domowitz, I & Wang, J 1997, 'Order flow and the bid-ask spread: An empirical probability model of screen-based trading', Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 21, no. 8-9, pp. 1471-1491.
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Chiarella, C & El-Hassan, N 1997, 'Evaluation of derivative security prices in the Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework as path integrals using fast fourier transform techniques', Journal of Financial Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 121-147.

Clegg, S 1997, 'Masculinities in organizations - Cheng,C', JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 383-385.

Clegg, S 1997, 'The workers of nations: Industrial relations in a global economy - Jacoby,SM', CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF REVIEWS, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 188-192.
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Clegg, SR 1997, 'Management and organization: Relational alternatives to individualism - Hosking,DM, Dachler,HP, Gergen,KJ', ORGANIZATION STUDIES, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 339-340.
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Craswell, A, Taylor, SL & Saywell, R 1997, 'Insider ownership and corporate value: Australian evidence', Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, vol. 5, pp. 301-323.

Craswell, AT, Taylor, SL & Saywell, RA 1997, 'Ownership structure and corporate performance: Australian evidence', Pacific Basin Finance Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 301-323.
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The published analytical and empirical evidence on the impact of ownership structure on corporate performance is conflicting. In this paper, the relationship between the distribution of equity ownership and corporate performance is investigated for 349 publicly traded Australian firms in 1986 and 1989. The results weakly support a curvilinear relationship between insider ownership and corporate performance, although the relationship is both temporally unstable and inconsistent across different firm-size groups. The evidence does not support institutional ownership as an important determinant of Australian corporate performance. Potential explanations for these results include the low explanatory power of relatively general models of optimal managerial and institutional ownership, the temporal instability of any optimal equity ownership structure and the probable endogeneity of ownership structure. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

Dowling, GR & Uncles, M 1997, 'Do customer loyalty programs really work?', SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 71-&.

Dwyer, L & Forsyth, P 1997, 'Impacts and benefits of MICE tourism: a framework for analysis', Tourism Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21-38.
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Dwyer, L & Forsyth, P 1997, 'Measuring the benefits and yield from foreign tourism', International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 24, no. 1-3, pp. 223-236.
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Since it is necessary to give up real resources, goods and services to provide for the demands of tourists, the net benefits to an economy from tourism growth are typically substantially lower than gross tourism expenditure. Recognizing this, tourism researchers are paying increased attention to the concept of yield so as to inform benefit cost analysis, government policy, marketing strategies and investment decisions in the context of tourism development. First, defines the concept of yield and discusses some problems in its measurement; identifies distortions to the competitive tourism market and the implications for tourism yield; and also explores the relationship between yield and tourism expenditure as an indicator of yield. Concludes that the yield from tourism goes beyond visitor expenditure and should take account of a wide range of economic, environmental and social costs and benefits of tourism development.

Farh, JL, Earley, PC & Lin, SC 1997, 'Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society', Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 421-444.
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To understand variations in citizenship behavior within a culture, we examine the relationship between citizenship behaviors and organizational justice in two studies in a Chinese context, using two cultural characteristics (traditionality and modernity) and one individual (gender) characteristic. In Study 1, we develop an indigenous measure of organizational citizenship behavior and explore the similarities and differences of this measure with its Western counterpart. In Study 2, we use this citizenship behavior measure to test its relationship to justice. Results demonstrate that organizational justice (distributive and procedural) is most strongly related to citizenship behavior for individuals who endorse less traditional, or high modernity, values. In addition, we found the relationship between justice and citizenship behavior to be stronger for men than for women. The studies are discussed in terms of the generality of citizenship behavior and its relation to organizational justice and cultural characteristics.

George, R & Clegg, SR 1997, 'An inside story: Tales from the field - Doing organizational research in a state of insecurity', Organization Studies, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1015-1023.
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Doing successful organizational research is difficult. Doing the same in difficult circumstances proves worthy of discussion. This short paper illustrates the realities experienced by a management researcher while doing doctoral field work in Sri Lanka.

Gopalsamy, K & He, X 1997, 'Oscillations And Convergence In An Almost Periodic Competition System', Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 247-266.
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Sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a globally attractive almost periodic solution of a competition system modelled by the nonautonomous Lotka-Volterra delay differential equations dN(1)(t)/dt = N-1(t)[r(1)(t) - a(11)(t)N-1(t-r(t)) - a

Hardy, C & Clegg, S 1997, 'Relativity Without Relativism: Reflexivity in Post-Paradigm Organization Studies', British Journal of Management, vol. 8, no. 2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 5-17.
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This paper shows how organization studies controls the subject through its use of representational devices. Different theoretical and methodological approaches may appear to offer epistemological guarantees concerning the validity of data about the research subject but they remain representations, beyond which we can know nothing except through representation. Research is not about wrenching truth from a recalcitrant 'reality': the devices it uses to represent its research subject create and control in the way they silence to give voice to aspects of that subject. All data are 'collaborative products' created in accordance with the practical procedures and background assumptions of the participating actors' (Knorr-Cetina, 1981). Thus the relations between research subject, researcher and the protocols that comprise the research process both embody and obscure power. For this reason, it is important that theory strives for a high degree of reflexivity (Marcus, 1994) in accounting for its own theorizing, as well as whatever it is that it theorizes about. In this paper, we critically examine different research approaches, including those of Aston, to show the dangers that can arise when research is carried out without regard to reflexivity. We offer some criteria for carrying out reflexive research which, we believe, is one of the major challenges facing post-paradigm organization studies. As we shall see, reflexivity shows us how far we have come in the thirty years since Aston.

He, X & Gopalsamy, K 1997, 'Persistence, Attractivity, And Delay In Facultative Mutualism', Journal Of Mathematical Analysis And Applications, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 154-173.
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Relations between persistence and ultimate boundedness of the solutions of the Lotka-Volterra system dx(t)/dt = x(t)[r(1) - a(11)x(t - tau) + a(22)y(t - tau)] dy(t)/dt = y(t)[r(2) + a(21)x(t - tau) - a(22)y(t - tau)] modelling ''facultative mutualism'' w

Latimer, J, Holland, M, Lee, M & Adams, R 1997, 'Plinth padding and measures of posteroanterior lumbar stiffness', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 315-319.
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Objective: To investigate whether measurement of posteroanterior (PA) lumbar stiffness is affected by the presence of padding on the testing plinth. Design: Within a repeated-measures design, measurements were made of lumbar PA stiffness in subjects without low back pain on both a rigid and a padded plinth surface. Subjects: Nineteen subjects with no history of any low back pain requiring treatment over the preceding 12 months participated in this study. Methods: PA stiffness was measured at L3 on two occasions under two different conditions. The first condition involved measurement of lumbar stiffness on a rigid plinth surface; the second involved measurement on a padded plinth surface. A reliable mechanical device was used to obtain the PA stiffness measures. Results: Mean lumbar PA stiffness values obtained when testing on a padded plinth were 2.86 N/mm less than those values obtained when testing the same lumbar spines on a rigid plinth. A paired t test showed a significant difference between the PA stiffness measures at L3 obtained on the padded plinth and those obtained on the rigid plinth (t = 6.66, df = 18, p ≤ .0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that to improve the reliability of lumbar PA stiffness assessment, testing should be performed under the same plinth surface conditions.

Lee, M, Latimer, J & Maher, C 1997, 'Normal response to large posteroanterior lumbar loads - A case study approach', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 369-371.
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Objective: Characterization of the responses to spinal posteroanterior loading has involved measuring the gradient of the linear region of the force-displacement relationship between 30 N and 100 N of applied force. However, forces applied during manual assessment of stiffness may reach 300 N. This study investigated whether the force-displacement relation remains linear above 100 N. Design: A single-case-study design with replication was used. Subjects: Two male subjects, with no history of low back pain requiring treatment over the preceding twelve months, participated in this study. Methods: Posteroanterior loads of 275 N were applied to the L3 vertebra of both subjects using a mechanical device. The force-displacement responses in these subjects were measured and analyzed to examine the linearity of the data. Results: The responses from the two subjects were similar. In both cases, the responses were approximately linear at all levels of load up to 275 N. Because of the small degree of nonlinearity, there was a tendency for the stiffness to show moderate increases as the load increased. Stiffness was approximately 25% greater when calculated between 30 N and 275 N than when calculated between 30 N and 100 N. Conclusion: In these two subjects, the force-displacement relation was approximately linear for all three force intervals considered, although there was some increasing stiffness with increasing force.

Leung, L 1997, 'The making of matriarchy: A comparison of Madonna and Margaret Thatcher', JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 33-42.
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Leung, LT 1997, 'The Making of Matriarchy', Journal of Gender Studies, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 33-42.

Parker, P & Kim, N 1997, 'National brands versus private labels: An empirical study of competition, advertising and collusion', European Management Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 220-235.
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This article considers competition between nationally advertised brands and quality-equivalent private-label brands (a form of store, house or own-label branding). Philip Parker and Namwoon Kim investigate the impact of advertising on market power across brands. Supporting recent theoretical arguments (though contradicting others), the industry study reveals that heavy advertising among national brands can increase prices, revenues, and profits for both national brands and private-label brands. Using a representative category, the authors report nine tests to support the conclusion that the 'battle of private labels' may result in 'an alliance with private labels'. From a theoretical perspective, the study rejects the advertising as information hypothesis and the authors find that advertising sustains (significantly increases) market power and/or facilitates collusive strategies. © 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Rhodes, C 1997, 'The legitimation of learning in organizational change', JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 10-&.
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Rhodes, CH 1997, 'Playing With Words: Multiple Representations of Organizational Learning Stories’', Electronic Journal of Radical Organization Theory, vol. 3, no. 1.

Sinha, A 1997, 'Towards a Positive Theory of Rational Choice: From Substantive to Procedural Rationality'.

Viner, A, Lee, M & Adams, R 1997, 'Posteroanterior stiffness in the lumbosacral spine: The correlation between adjacent vertebral levels', Spine, vol. 22, no. 23, pp. 2724-2730.
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Study Design. A descriptive design of posteroanterior stiffness in the lumbosacral spine. Objectives. To measure posteroanterior stiffness between L1 and S1 to establish the pattern of stiffness in individuals with no history of low back pain. Summary of Background Data. In clinical examination for low back pain, manual assessment of abnormal stiffness is used to determine the site of the pain-producing lesion. However; there is little objective evidence of the variation in stiffness between levels in normal spines or of the factors that determine posteroanterior stiffness. Method. Posteroanterior stiffness was measured with a specially developed measuring device at each of the six vertebral levels between L1 and S1. Force- displacement relations were computed for each vertebral level. The gradient of the linear part of the force-displacement relation was used as a coefficient of stiffness, and the amount of displacement between 5 N and 30 N of applied force (D5-30) was used as a measure of the length of the toe region. Results. Overall there was a significant linear trend of increasing stiffness from L1 to S1. Ninety percent of the difference scores for adjacent level comparisons were less than 3.6 N/mm. There was considerable variation in the patterns of stiffness found in different individuals. The stiffness coefficient and D5-30 correlated significantly with skinfold thickness measurements and body mass index. Conclusion. A linear trend of increasing stiffness was found between L1 and S1, but this pattern was influenced by variables related to body type (adiposity).

Wang, J & Wong, H 1997, 'The predictability of Asian exchange rates: Evidence from Kalman filter and ARCH estimations', Journal of Multinational Financial Management, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 231-252.

Wooders, J 1997, 'Equilibrium in a Market with Intermediation is Walrasian', The Review of Economic Design 3, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 75-89.
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We show that a profit maximizing monopolistic intermediary may behave approximately like a Walrasian auctioneer by setting bid and ask prices nearly equal to Walrasian equilibrium prices. In our model agents choose to trade either through the intermediary or privately. Buyers (sellers) trading through the intermediary potentially trade immediately at the ask (bid) price, but sacrifice the spread as gains. A buyer or seller who trades privately shares all the gains to trade with this trading partner, but risks costly delay in finding a partner. We show that as the cost of delay vanishes, the equilibrium bid and ask prices converge to the Walrasian equilibrium prices.

Alexander, D, Sheridan, P, Bourke, PD, Konstandatos, O & Wright, JJ 1997, 'Global and local similarity of the primary visual cortex: Mechanisms of orientation preference', Proceedings of the HELNET International Workshop on Neural Networks, VU University Press, Montreux, Switzerland.

Allen, D, Souness, N & Walsh, KD 1997, 'Panel Data Estimates of Minimum Variance Hedge Ratios on the Sydney Futures Exchange for Interest Rate Contracts', Econometric Society Australasian Meetings Conference Proceedings, Econometric Society Australasian Meetings, Melbourne, Australia.

Chiarella, C, El-Hassan, N & Kucera, A 1997, 'Evaluation of derivative security prices in a path integral framework using Fourier-Hermite series expansions', JIC97, Japanese Association of Financial Econometrics and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 350-372.

Hingorani, A 1997, 'Personality type and TV program attribute preferences', Proceedings of the Australia and New Zealand Marketing Educators' Conference, Monash University, Melbourne, pp. 871-872.

Hingorani, A 1997, 'Variety seeking, ad familiarity, and repetition: Factors affecting attention', Proceedings of the Fourth International Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute, Woodslane/Pitman Publishers, Sydney, Australia, pp. 845-852.

Konstandatos, O 1997, 'Toowoomba foundry: Corrosion and wear in Mmoulding poxes', Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group, Mathematics in Industry Study Group, Melbourne, Australia.

Miller, N, Leung, T & Kennedy, H 1970, 'Challenging boundaries in adult and higher education through technological innovation', CROSSING BORDERS BREAKING BOUNDARIES, 27th Annual SCUTREA Conference on Crossing Borders Breaking Boundaries - Research in the Education of Adults, UNIV LEEDS, UNIV LONDON, BIRKBECK COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND, pp. 333-337.

Walker, S 1997, 'The ex-dividend drop-off: Estimating the value of dividends from cum-dividend trading in the ex-dividend period', Seminar Presentation, School of Finance and Economics, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Walker, S & Partington, G 1997, 'The ex-dividend drop-off: Evidence from cum-dividend trading in the ex-dividend period', Accounting Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

Wieder, B 1997, 'Cost accounting for marketing decisions', British Academy of Management Annual Conference, Queen Elizabeth Conference Centre, London.

Alexander, D, Sheridan, P, Bourke, PD, Konstandatos, O & Wright, JJ Mental Health Research Institute 1997, Global and local symmetry of the primary visual cortex: Derivation of orientation preference, Melbourne, Australia.

AMIR, R & WOODERS, J 1997, 'One-way spillovers, endogenous innovator/imitator roles and research joint ventures'.
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We consider a two-period duopoly characterized by a one-way spillover structure in process R&D and a very broad specification of product market competition. We show that a priori identical firms always engage in different levels of R&D, at equilibrium, thus giving rise to an innovator/imitator configuration and ending up with different sizes. We also provide a general analysis of the social benefits of, and firms’ incentive for, forming research joint ventures. The key properties of the game are submodularity (R&D decisions are strategic substitutes) and lack of global concavity.

Chiarella, C & El-Hassan, N 1997, 'A Survey of Models for the Pricing of Interest Rate Derivatives'.

Hutcheson, TJ & Sharpe, IG 1997, 'Ownership Structure and Building Society Efficiency', Working Paper Series.
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This paper investigates the effect of ownership structure on the cost efficiency of Australian building societies using the stochastic econometric frontier approach. Contrary to the expense preference hypothesis, mutually owned societies we found to be, on average, more cost efficient than those under stock ownership. Moreover, mutual and stoc-owned societies have significantly different cost functions or production technologies. The results are consistent with U.S. results of Mester (1993).