Cunha, MPE, Clegg, S, Rego, A & Lancione, M 2012, 'The organization (Ângkar) as a state of exception: the case of the S-21 extermination camp, Phnom Penh', Journal of Political Power, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 279-299.
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Organization theory, Clegg pointed out, has failed to address the role of organizations in some of the crimes of/against humanity, suggesting that more attention should be given to the case of total institutions. With this paper we respond to Cleggs invitation and study the S-21 extermination camp, in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We do so by engaging with the work of the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, with the aim of investigating the organizational patterns that constitute the camp as a `State of Exception. Doing so shows us how organizations can become malign forces for evil. We explore the implications of this case for more general `Kafkaesque organization, that sometimes reproduce, in more benign forms, many of the practices found at S-21
Cunha, MPE, Clegg, SR & Kamoche, K 2012, 'Improvisation as “real time foresight”', Futures, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 265-272.
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Cunningham, PA, Huijbens, EH & Wearing, SL 2012, 'From whaling to whale watching: examining sustainability and cultural rhetoric', JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 143-161.
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This paper explores whaling and whale watching to determine the viability of their divergent practices - and explains why they coexist in some cases. Whale watching is often viewed as an ecotourism product and presented as an activity that is fast growin
Darcy, S 2012, '(Dis)Embodied Air Travel Experiences: Disability, Discrimination and the Affect of a Discontinuous Air Travel Chain', Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 91-101.
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This article presents an investigation of the embodied air travel experiences of people with disability. The study was informed by human rights frameworks, social approaches to disability and critical tourism. The research design included a review of newspaper articles, human rights complaint cases, open-ended responses to a survey on the tourism experiences of people with disabilities and semistructured in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that the air travel practices routinely contravened disability discrimination legislation and identified a series of socially constructed constraints across the air travel chain from the preplanning of trips through to disembarking after a flight.What emerged from these experiences was that the embodied individuals became (dis)embodied at each stage of the air travel chain. The inequitable, inaccessible, undignified and dependent practices resulted in heightened anxiety, increased helplessness and, in some cases, humiliation to which they were not subjected in their everyday lives.
Dardanoni, V, Fiorini, M & Forcina, A 2012, 'Stochastic monotonicity in intergenerational mobility tables', Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 85-107.
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The aim of this paper is to test for stochastic monotonicity in intergenerational socio-economic mobility tables. In other words, we question whether having a parent from a high socio-economic status is never worse than having one with a lower status. Using existing inferential procedures for testing unconditional stochastic monotonicity, we first test a set of 149 intergenerational mobility tables in 35 different countries and find that monotonicity cannot be rejected in hardly any table. In addition, we propose new testing procedures for testing conditional stochastic monotonicity and investigate whether monotonicity still holds after conditioning on a number of covariates such as education, cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Based on the NCDS cohort data from the UK, our results provide evidence that monotonicity holds, even conditionally. Moreover, we do not find large differences in our results when comparing social class and wage class mobility.
Day, B, Bateman, IJ, Carson, RT, Dupont, D, Louviere, JJ, Morimoto, S, Scarpa, R & Wang, P 2012, 'Ordering effects and choice set awareness in repeat-response stated preference studies', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 73-91.
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We present an experiment designed to investigate the presence and nature of ordering effects within repeat-response stated preference (SP) studies. Our experiment takes the form of a large sample, full-factorial, discrete choice SP exercise investigating preferences for tap water quality improvements. Our study simultaneously investigates a variety of different forms of position-dependent and precedent-dependent ordering effect in preferences for attributes and options and in response randomness. We also examine whether advanced disclosure of the choice tasks impacts on the probability of exhibiting ordering effects of those different types. We analyze our data both nonparametrically and parametrically and find robust evidence for ordering effects. We also find that the patterns of order effect in respondents preferences are significantly changed but not eradicated by the advanced disclosure of choice tasks a finding that offers insights into the choice behaviors underpinning order effects.
Deakins, D, Battisti, M, Coetzer, A & Roxas, H 2012, 'Predicting Management Development and Learning Behaviour in New Zealand SMEs', The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11-24.
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Despite concern on the part of policy makers to raise managerial capability in SMEs, there is little evidence on the key drivers of owner-manager participation in management development programmes. The authors argue that such participation is poorly understood. The paper develops a predictive model of the drivers of participation in sources of learning by owner-managers. It tests a theoretical model, based on the small firm as a learning organization, which posits that participation is driven by owner-managers' learning orientation and the extent of their belief in self-improvement. The implications of the results are discussed in light of the provision of management development programmes.
Delavande, A & Kohler, H-P 2012, 'The Impact of HIV Testing on Subjective Expectations and Risky Behavior in Malawi', Demography, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 1011-1036.
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Abstract
We investigate the causal impact of learning HIV status on HIV/AIDS-related expectations and sexual behavior in the medium run. Our analyses document several unexpected results about the effect of learning one’s own, or one’s spouse’s, HIV status. For example, receiving an HIV-negative test result implies higher subjective expectations about being HIV-positive after two years, and individuals tend to have larger prediction errors about their HIV status after learning their HIV status. If individuals in HIV-negative couples also learn the status of their spouse, these effects disappear. In terms of behavioral outcomes, our analyses document that HIV-positive individuals who learned their status reported having fewer partners and using condoms more often than those who did not learn their status. Among married respondents in HIV-negative couples, learning only one’s own status increases risky behavior, while learning both statuses decreases risky behavior. In addition, individuals in sero-discordant couples who learned both statuses are more likely to report some condom use. Overall, our analyses suggest that ensuring that each spouse learns the HIV status of the other, either through couple’s testing or through spousal communication, may be beneficial in high-prevalence environments.
Delavande, A & Manski, CF 2012, 'Candidate preferences and expectations of election outcomes', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 109, no. 10, pp. 3711-3715.
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Analysis of data from the American Life Panel shows that in the presidential election of 2008 and in multiple statewide elections in 2010, citizens exhibited large differences in their expectations of election outcomes. Expectations were strongly positively associated with candidate preferences, persons tending to believe that their preferred candidate is more likely to win the election. Committed supporters of opposing candidates regularly differed by 20–30% in their assessments of the likelihood that each candidate would win. These findings contribute evidence on the false consensus effect, the empirical regularity that own preferences tend to be positively associated with perceptions of social preferences. We used unique measures of preferences and perceptions that enabled respondents to express uncertainty flexibly. We studied a setting that would a priori seem inhospitable to false consensus—one where persons have little private information on social preferences but substantial common knowledge provided by media reports of election polls.
Deroy, X & Clegg, S 2012, 'Contesting the Champs-Elysées', Journal of Change Management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 355-373.
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World-renowned urban places struggle to retain the qualities that made them famous as the fabric of the city changes. Often their specific charms and qualities, indeed, their identity, are threatened by organization changes in the urban environment. This article shows how the `Champs-Elysées is fragmenting into anonymous subspaces that raise the risk of it becoming a non-place. We show the role of a specific institutional influence, the Comité des Champs-Elysées, which seeks to preserve the site despite the heterogeneity of its members. Two strategies emerge from their actions: deceleration of the flows of people is sought to slow and channel people on the Avenue within a modernized iconic space, while the constitution of events seeks to combine different sights and make them coexist together as a mosaic of experiences. The article concludes by showing the limits of influence of regulation that leaves the future of the space undetermined.
Docherty, P 2012, 'Long period interest rate rules in a demand-led Kaldor-Pasinetti-Sraffa-Keynes growth model', Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 521-546.
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This paper uses a detailed macroeconomic model characterized by demand-led growth, Sraffian pricing, and the Kaldor-Pasinetti analysis of income distribution at the macrolevel to develop a framework for evaluation of the long-term implications of monetary policy. Focus is placed on the development of interest rate rules that ensure balanced long-run growth with either stable observable unemployment or zero or low underlying unemployment, and comparison is made between these rules and other Post Keynesian policy rules. Strong support is provided for the effectiveness of the Smithin rule, which fixes the real rate of interest although an alternative rationale for this rule is provided.
Dowling, G & Moran, P 2012, 'Corporate Reputations: Built in or Bolted on?', California Management Review, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 25-42.
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While there is widespread support for the notion that organizations with better reputations outperform their rivals, there is uncertainty about how to create such a reputation, especially among the managers responsible for this task. For example, organizations often give money to worthy causes or create social responsibility programs in the hope that this will appeal to their stakeholders. When approaches such as these are only loosely coupled to the strategy of the organization they appear to be “bolted on” rather than “built in.” Thus, they are likely to foster a reputation that is less consistent with the principal actions of the organization and be less credible. They are also easy for competitors to imitate. Because of this, a reputation grounded in the strategy of the organization has a better chance of providing a sustainable competitive advantage. We present a normative framework that illustrates a strategy-led approach to reputation building. It is illustrated with numerous corporate examples.
Dwyer, L & Thomas, F 2012, 'Tourism yield measures for Cambodia', Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 303-328.
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Dwyer, L, Cvelbar, LK, Edwards, D & Mihalic, T 2012, 'Fashioning a destination tourism future: The case of Slovenia', TOURISM MANAGEMENT, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 305-316.
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Achieving competitive advantage for any destination in times of rapid global change requires tourism stakeholders to have a clear understanding of the direction of change and its implications for business or destination management. The challenges are particularly acute for emerging destinations such as Slovenia. The paper discusses tools for measuring destination performance with particular focus on ImportancePerformance Analysis (IPA). Using IPA the paper develops a priority ordering for Slovenian tourism stakeholders to debate, modify and to adopt actions that can help them prepare for the challenges arising from global trends. The survey instrument used for this study asks respondents to highlight both the important areas that should be addressed by tourism stakeholders in Slovenia and also the performance of Slovenia in respect of the success or otherwise of the strategies that are currently being pursued to enhance destination competitiveness. The findings reveal that there are a number of areas in which the Slovene tourism industry considers itself to be underperforming in the implementation of strategies to eliminate drift. The paper explores some of the implications of the findings for strategic action and implementation, making some concluding comments on destination development strategy while highlighting areas for further research.
Dwyer, L, Forsyth, P & Spurr, R 2012, 'Wither Australian Tourism? Implications of the Carbon Tax', Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 15-30.
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This paper estimates the potential economic effects on the Australian tourism industry from the introduction of an economy wide carbon tax to be introduced in July 2012. The manner in which the tax is expected to work is examined together with a discussion of some concerns that have been raised by the tourism industry regarding its impacts on Australia's destination competitiveness, industry profitability and employment. Dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling projects that the tax will lead to changes in key macroeconomic variables, reducing growth in real GDP, real consumption and employment. The simulation results also indicate that while some tourism industries in Australia will gain from the tax, most will experience contractions in output relative to baseline values in line with a general shrinkage of the tourism sector as a whole. In the light of the modelling simulations, the paper concludes with an assessment of the validity of the main stakeholder concerns regarding the implications of the tax for the Australian tourism industry. © The Authors 2012.
Eckert, C, Louviere, JJ & Islam, T 2012, 'Seeing the forest despite the trees: Brand effects on choice uncertainty', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MARKETING, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 256-264.
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Prior research on brand equity suggests that consumers use brands as signals to reduce uncertainty and perceived risk. Erdem and Swait (1998) developed a conceptual framework based on information economics and signaling theory to explain how equity is created, maintained and transferred over time that involves seven theoretical constructs. This paper reviews the impact of brand-equity-associated brand utility on the scale of the indirect utility function (i.e., the inverse of the error variance); we argue that higher brand-equity-associated brand utility reduces the need for consumers to review previously formed preferences. We combine a brand utility experiment with a brand feature experiment to estimate the effects of brand-equity-associated brand utility scores on choice. We find that higher brand-equity-associated brand utility leads to higher choice consistency, which can drive increases in market share.
Edwards, M, Baker, E & Onyx, J 2012, 'Organizing Dynamics in Grassroots Networks: Social Spaces as Sites of Emergence', Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 12231-12231.
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Edwards, M, Onyx, J, Maxwell, H & Darcy, S 2012, 'Meso level Social Impact: Meaningful Indicators of Community Contribution', Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 18-37.
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Social impact measures are not widely agreed, nor implemented by third sector organisations. Meso level indicators of social impact are underdeveloped. Financialised methods such as Social Return on Investment can only account for direct outcomes of defined programs and activities. The broader societal impacts of any such activities are undervalued. This paper outlines the findings of a grounded theoretical approach to determining measures of social impact within a large Australian iconic third sector organisation. Several key factors revealed in this study are discussed in regards to their potential for attributing social impact to organisational activities outside of a program specific outcome. Based on these findings the paper concludes that the development of a tool to measure meso level organisational social impact of third sector organisations may be attainable.
Fee, A & Gray, SJ 2012, 'The expatriate-creativity hypothesis: A longitudinal field test', Human Relations, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 1515-1538.
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While prior research suggests that the cognitive changes triggered by cross-cultural experiences can enhance an individual’s creative-thinking abilities, this is yet to be verified through empirical field research. We draw on schema theory, and the principle of psychological dissonance experienced during cultural adaptation, to argue that expatriates undergo wholesale cognitive changes that can lead to enhanced creative-thinking abilities. We test this hypothesis by measuring changes in the creative-thinking abilities of a sample of expatriates over the first 12 months of their placement. When compared with a control group of non-expatriates, the expatriates showed significant increases in overall creative-thinking abilities and cognitive flexibility, although not originality, elaboration, or ideational fluency.
Field, J & Chelliah, J 2012, 'Social‐media misuse a ticking time‐bomb for employers', Human Resource Management International Digest, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 36-38.
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PurposeThis article aims to highlight the risks employers face when employees use social media.Design/methodology/approachThe article considers each risk in turn, and suggests how it could be reduced.FindingsThe major challenge for most employers is the development of a co‐ordinated human‐resource strategy that incorporates documented policies and procedures, an internal training program and robust record‐keeping.Practical implicationsThe article guides managers and HR specialists in assessing the exposure of their organizations/clients to the risks identified.Social implicationsAttention is drawn to the growing problem of the misuse of social media across society as a whole.Originality/valueThe article raises the issue of organizational awareness and preparedness to undertake challenges posed by social media.
Fiorini, M 2012, 'FOSTERING EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT THROUGH SUBSIDIES: THE ISSUE OF TIMING', Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 741-772.
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The purpose of this paper is to build a dynamic structural model of educational choices in which cognitive skills shape decisions. The model is estimated by maximum likelihood using cohort data where individuals are observed from birth to the middle of their working life. These data are unique in that they include cognitive skills test scores collected as early as age 7. We then investigate how alternative policies foster educational enrolment. In particular, we simulate the effect of two subsidies different in the timing of disbursement. The first consists of grants assigned directly to individuals aged between 16 and 18. The second is assigned to the parents earlier on, when the cohort is still in its childhood. The latter subsidy affects cognitive skills accumulation and in turn educational choices. Our results suggest that a grant fosters enrolment at the lowest cost but the parental income subsidy generates more welfare as measured by a class of social welfare functions. Nevertheless, these differences in costs and welfare are small. Overall, the results reinforce the view that government investments in cognitive skill accumulation during childhood are worthwhile. However, the results also indicate that such investments should be well structured to ensure a high return.
Forsyth, P, Dwyer, L, Seetaram, N & King, B 2012, 'Measuring the Economic Impact of Migration-Induced Tourism', Tourism Analysis, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 559-571.
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Migration induces inbound and outbound tourism flows for a country heavily reliant on migration, such as Australia. Previous research has provided estimates for Australia of the effects of changes in migration on the volume of inbound and outbound tourism. When supplemented with information
about tourist spending, estimates can be made of any expenditure changes associated with migration-induced tourism. Such migration-induced tourism expenditures will have economic impacts on the economy. This study estimates the economic impacts of migration-induced inbound and outbound tourism
flows using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for Australia projecting the effects on key economic variables such as real GDP, real value added, economic welfare, and employment.
Freeman, L & Spanjaard, D 2012, 'Bridging the Gap', Journal of Marketing Education, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 238-250.
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This article challenges the content of most marketing research courses whereby students are indoctrinated into the qualitative-then-quantitative archetype commonly found in scholarly research, under the assumption that it is both sufficient and appropriate when equipping students with the necessary skills for business. By following this standard format, where discussion of qualitative research methods is usually limited to focus groups and depth interviews, academics are potentially penalizing students and their future employers by providing them with a restricted set of abilities. Are we producing a generation of future marketing managers who rather than embracing the possibilities for deep understanding will instead limit themselves to the mainstream? In the article the authors consider the value and viability of introducing ethnographic techniques into the marketing research curriculum to complement existing qualitative methods and provide four examples to demonstrate this. The authors do not negate the need for marketing courses to continue to teach students the “basics” of marketing research but rather challenge the idea that this archetype provides all the necessary skills. If marketing educators are to truly equip students for future roles as decision makers in business, the authors recommend that ethnography must be considered a viable alternative method of marketing research.
Fu, R, Navone, M, Pagani, M & Pantos, TD 2012, 'The Determinants of the Convexity in the Flow-Performance Relationship', The Journal of Index Investing, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 81-95.
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There is substantial evidence that the flow-performance relationship of mutual funds is convex. The authors empirically investigate the determinants of such convexity. In particular, they study how fund fees (for example, marketing and nonmarketing fees) and the uncertainty related to the replacement option of fund production factors (investment strategies and managerial ability) impact the convexity of the flow-performance relationship. The evidence suggests that marketing fees are positively related to the convexity of the flow-performance relationship. Nonmarketing fees appear to have a negative impact on this convexity. Consistent with investment restrictions being relevant in explaining investors allocation decisions, sector and index funds exhibit lower convexity in their flow-performance relationship than respectively diversified and non-index funds. Finally, the dispersion of managerial abilities within a mutual fund segment is associated with higher convexity in the flow-performance relationship
Gaffeo, E, Di Guilmi, C, Gallegati, M & Russo, A 2012, 'On the mean/variance relationship of the firm size distribution: Evidence and some theory', Ecological Complexity, vol. 11, pp. 109-117.
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Firm-level data for a small sample of European countries are used to provide evidence of a positive linear relationship between the mean and the variance of firms' size at a sectoral level, an empirical regularity known in mathematical biology and ecology as Taylor power law. We recur to computational experiments to show how this empirical fact can be fruitfully employed to discriminate amongst alternative theoretical explanations of firms' growth
Gagne, J-F & Josserand, E 2012, 'De l’identification du salarié au discours officiel à l’intention d’action : la mise en évidence de profils ambivalents combinant engagement et résistance', Management international, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 129-146.
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Nous construisons sur le concept de fragmentation d’identification du salarié pour en explorer les conséquences en termes d’intention d’action à l’occasion de la diffusion par le management d’un nouveau discours officiel. Nous mettons l’accent sur des salariés ayant un rapport ambivalent ou neutre à l’engagement organisationnel, en développant trois idéaux-types reposant sur l’opposition des émotions du salarié, la fragmentation d’identification entre les trois niveaux d’identification ou encore l’opposition entre les dimensions cognitive et émotionnelle dans l’identification. Nous proposons ainsi une analyse qui dépasse les profils plus simples – i.e. sans ambivalence – proposés par la littérature actuelle. Il s’agit d’un apport important pour la compréhension de la liaison entre identification et intention action.
Garratt, RJ, Walker, M & Wooders, J 2012, 'Behavior in second-price auctions by highly experienced eBay buyers and sellers', EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 44-57.
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We report on sealed-bid second-price auctions that we conducted on the Internet using subjects with substantial prior experience: they were highly experienced participants in eBay auctions. Unlike the novice bidders in previous (laboratory) experiments, the experienced bidders exhibited no greater tendency to overbid than to underbid. However, even subjects with substantial prior experience tended not to bid their values, suggesting that the non-optimal bidding of novice subjects is robust to substantial experience in non-experimental auctions. We found that auction revenue was not significantly different from the expected revenue the auction would generate if bidders bid their values. Auction efficiency, as measured by the percentage of surplus captured, was substantially lower in our SPAs than in previous laboratory experiments.
Gatti, DD, Di Guilmi, C, Gallegati, M & Landini, S 2012, 'Reconstructing Aggregate Dynamics in Heterogeneous Agents Models', Revue de l'OFCE, vol. N° 124, no. 5, pp. 117-146.
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The Representative Agent (RA) assumption is a methodological shortcut to bypass the problem of dimensionality which arises in heterogeneous agents model. The reasons for dissatisfaction with the RA assumption are well known and have been forcefully discussed in Kirman (1992) and Keen (2011). The efforts to overcome the limits of the exact aggregation (Gorman, 1953) led to methods, such as Lewbel (1992), that are still too restrictive in their basic assumptions to realistically depict an economic system. [2][2] For a review on aggregation methods see Gallegati et...
2
As a consequence of the dissatisfaction with the RA approach, a few analytical frameworks have been developed to cope with the dimensionality problem mentioned above. One of the most promising methods has been introduced by Duncan Foley and Masanao Aoki who borrowed from statistical mechanics the concept of mean-field interaction and imported it into economics. [3][3] See Foley (1994); Aoki (1996, 2002); Aoki and Yoshikawa...
3
In the mean-field interaction approach, agents are classified into clusters or sub-systems according to their state with respect to one particular feature (the so-called micro-state, e.g. the level of production for a firm on a scale of production levels). This clustering determines the characteristics and the evolution of the aggregate (the macro-state, e.g. the total level of output). [4][4] An early economic application of mean-field theory... The focus is not on the single agent, but on the number or fraction of agents occupying a certain state of a state-space at a certain time. These numbers or fractions are governed by a stochastic law, that also defines the functional of the probability distributions of aggregate variables and, if they exist, their equilibrium distributions. The stochastic aggregation is then implemented through master equation techniques, that allow for a description of the dynamics of probability flows among states on a space. These probability flows...
Gatti, DD, Di Guilmi, C, Gallegati, M & Landini, S 2012, 'Reply to Comments', Revue de l'OFCE, vol. N° 124, no. 5, pp. 25a-31a.
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Gholam 2012, 'Approaches to Learning in First Year University Physics', Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 216-222.
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Grant, S 2012, 'Preface.', Adv Cancer Res, vol. 116, no. 22, pp. xi-xii.
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Gray, D 2012, 'The influence of complexity and uncertainty on self-directed team learning', International Journal of Learning and Change, vol. 6, no. 1/2, pp. 79-79.
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Greenacre, LM, Burke, PF, Denize, SM & Pearce, R 2012, 'The choice of content by information providers in word of mouth communications', Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, vol. 16, no. Special issue, pp. 19-34.
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Word-of-Mouth communication is an invaluable source of information for consumers. A comprehensive understanding of the flow of market information through interpersonal networks is therefore of unique theoretical and practical importance. Present Word-of-Mouth research is receiver centric, largely ignoring the role of the information provider as a gatekeeper to information dissemination. The objective of this research is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of Word-of-Mouth by modelling the decision making behaviour of information providers. Adopting the network theory general assumption of altruistic exchange motivation, this research uses a choice modelling
Gretzel, U, Prebežac, D, Joppe, M & Edwards, D 2012, 'TEFI 2011 World Congress “Activating Change in Tourism Education” May 18–21, 2011, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States', Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 118-122.
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Founded in 2007, the Tourism Education Futures Initiative (TEFI) has organized several meetings to discuss critical issues that need to be addressed in creating desirable and sustainable tourism education futures. In the past, these meetings took on the form of small think tanks with invited participants. In 2011, TEFI decided to open up to the public to share the findings of these previous years in the form of a World Congress that took place May 1821, 2011, in Philadelphia, PA.
Griffin, T & Edwards, D 2012, 'Importance–performance analysis as a diagnostic tool for urban destination managers', Anatolia, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 32-48.
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This paper reports on the application of importanceperformance analysis to two Australian urban tourism destinations, Sydney and Canberra. The study involved asking tourists to rate the importance of 39 destination attributes and how well each destination had performed in relation to these. These importance and performance scores were then combined. From a management perspective, the most significant combination is where the destination is performing poorly in relation to attributes that tourists regard as most important. The technique represents a very useful diagnostic tool for destination managers, who can use it to identify current problems with tourist experiences and then to assign priorities to measures that are designed to improve those experiences.
Hafalir, IE, Ravi, R & Sayedi, A 2012, 'A near Pareto optimal auction with budget constraints', Games and Economic Behavior, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 699-708.
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In a setup where a divisible good is to be allocated to a set of bidders with budget constraints, we introduce a mechanism in the spirit of the Vickrey auction. In the mechanism we propose, understating budgets or values is weakly dominated. Since the revenue is increasing in budgets and values, all kinds of equilibrium deviations from true valuations turn out to be beneficial to the auctioneer. We also show that ex-post Nash equilibrium of our mechanism is near Pareto optimal in the sense that all full winnersʼ values are above all full losersʼ values
Hanyane, C 2012, 'Experiences in Creating Inclusive Information and Communications Technologies (IICT): Democratizing Software Development in Social Development', 2012 African Conference for Sofware Engineering and Applied Computing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-20.
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this paper challenges the limitations of extant knowledge of social formation by its focus on the ordinary, everyday lived reality of maintaining community and on identifying its operations from the internal perspective of civil society. We aim to explore the actual mobilising processes and structures that underpin the formation of social capital in the community. We examine how networks emerge and operate.
Hepworth, K 2012, 'Abject citizens: Italian 'Nomad Emergencies' and the deportability of Romanian Roma', CITIZENSHIP STUDIES, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 431-449.
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In May 2008, Berlusconi's newly elected coalition introduced new measures to facilitate the expulsion and repatriation of European community citizens, simultaneously declaring a 'State of Emergency with regards to the Settlement of Nomadic Communities in
Hepworth, K 2012, 'Romani Politics in Contemporary Europe: Poverty, Ethnic Mobilization and the Neoliberal Order', JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION STUDIES, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 189-190.
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Ho, HD 2012, 'Does Friendship Help in Personal Selling? The Contingent Effect of Outcome Favorability', Psychology & Marketing, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 87-97.
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Although widespread belief holds that salespeople can leverage their personal relationships with prospective customers to gain business, previous research has not investigated the implications of friendships between salespeople and customers for customers’ postpurchase satisfaction and fairness judgment. Findings from two experiments show that friendships benefit salespeople only when the outcome of the transaction is unfavorable. Specifically, when salespeople and customers are close friends rather than acquaintances, the customers perceive an unfavorable outcome as relatively more fair and satisfactory, but such an effect does not occur when the outcome of the transaction is favorable. This paper also shows that customers’ perceived fairness mediates the interaction effect between friendship and the favorability of transaction outcome on customer satisfaction. In summary, this paper advances the understanding of the implications of salesperson–customer friendships for customers’ postpurchase evaluations
Hulley, H & Platen, E 2012, 'Hedging for the long run', Mathematics and Financial Economics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 105-124.
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In the years following the publication of Black and Scholes (J Political Econ, 81(3), 637-654, 1973), numerous alternative models have been proposed for pricing and hedging equity derivatives. Prominent examples include stochastic volatility models, jump-diffusion models, and models based on Lévy processes. These all have their own shortcomings, and evidence suggests that none is up to the task of satisfactorily pricing and hedging extremely long-dated claims. Since they all fall within the ambit of risk-neutral valuation, it is natural to speculate that the deficiencies of these models are (at least in part) attributable to the constraints imposed by the risk-neutral approach itself. To investigate this idea, we present a simple two-parameter model for a diversified equity accumulation index. Although our model does not admit an equivalent risk-neutral probability measure, it nevertheless fulfils a minimal no-arbitrage condition for an economically viable financial market. Furthermore, we demonstrate that contingent claims can be priced and hedged, without the need for an equivalent change of probability measure. Convenient formulae for the prices and hedge ratios of a number of standard European claims are derived, and a series of hedge experiments for extremely long-dated claims on the S&P 500 total return index are conducted. Our model serves also as a convenient medium for illustrating and clarifying several points on asset price bubbles and the economics of arbitrage.
Iannotta, G & Navone, M 2012, 'The cross-section of mutual fund fee dispersion', JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 846-856.
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In this paper, we empirically analyze the factors affecting the cross section of mutual fund fee dispersion. In the context of equity mutual funds, fee dispersion stems primarily from the heterogeneity of products, clienteles and production functions. However, the relevant theory predicts that search costs can also generate fee dispersion. By controlling for observable sources of heterogeneity, we find that fee dispersion decreases with fund size and age, as well as with the amount of assets under management of the investment company. In addition, we find lower levels of fee dispersion for funds that charge marketing and distribution fees. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that these factors are a proxy for some unobserved source of heterogeneity, our results are also consistent with the theoretical prediction that search costs positively affect fee dispersion.
Johar, M & Savage, E 2012, 'Sources of advantageous selection: Evidence using actual health expenditure risk', ECONOMICS LETTERS, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 579-582.
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In a market where insurers are not allowed to risk rate, we find evidence of advantageous selection using observed health expenditure risk. Selection is driven by income and optimism about the future. This may explain insurers' profitability, despite community rating.
Johar, M, Jones, G & Savage, E 2012, 'Healthcare Expenditure Profile of Older Australians: Evidence from Linked Survey and Health Administrative Data', Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 451-463.
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This article provides a comprehensive profile of individual healthcare expenditure using the 45 and Up Study of over 267,000 NSW residents linked to administrative medical service records. Individuals aged 45 and over consume two-thirds of healthcare expenditure in Australia. We compute annual total healthcare expenditure comprising hospital admissions, emergency presentations, out-of-hospital medical consultations and diagnostic tests and subsidised drugs. The average annual expenditure in the sample is $4334 in 2009 dollars. Less than 3 per cent have zero expenditure. Health service mix varies with age, with the share of hospital expenditure increasing with age. The age trends of total expenditure and its components are then examined by key demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics, providing important insights into future healthcare demand and a foundation for future research into the drivers of healthcare expenditures and the distribution of health subsidies.
Johar, M, Savage, E, Stavrunova, O, Jones, G & Keane, M 2012, 'Geographic Differences in Hospital Waiting Times', ECONOMIC RECORD, vol. 88, no. 281, pp. 165-181.
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Access to elective surgery in Australian public hospitals is rationed using waiting lists. In this article, we undertake a DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux reweighting approach to attribute variation in waiting time to clinical need or to discrimination. Using data from NSW public patients in 2004-2005, we find the discrimination effect dominates clinical need especially in the upper tail of the waiting time distribution. We find evidence of favourable treatment of patients who reside in remote areas and discrimination in favour of patients residing in particular Area Health Services. These findings have policy implications for the design of equitable quality targets for public hospitals.
Johnston, J & Clegg, S 2012, 'Legitimate Sovereignty and Contested Authority in Public Management Organization and Disorganization: Barangaroo and the Grand Strategic Vision for Sydney as a Globalizing City', Journal of Change Management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 279-299.
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This article takes an interpretive view of what `public management implies in the context of the strategies and processes involved in major infrastructure development, in this case, of prime harbourside public land, now known as Barangaroo, in the centre of the city of Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This development, in part, is meant to position Sydney as a globalizing city, at the centre of financial services in the Asia Pacific region. The article uses Clegg's ideas of `circuits of power to develop an analytical framework and employs a qualitative, case study approach based on a wide range of documents and media reports in the public domain. It addresses the processes of public management in the Barangaroo development, focusing on strategic agenda setting and leadership; organizing by rules; contract relations; no-cost-to government policy; organizing by precedent, especially those embedded in institutional responsibilities and responses; and stakeholder management. It demonstrates that at each stage in the process these have been characterized less by the rhetoric of public management and more by a disorganization of this rhetoric by a complex politics flowing through distinct circuits of power. The critical finding is that public management in the context of a large economic infrastructure development, especially when government is attempting to position a city globally, is far more complex and political than the prevailing rhetoric of the New Public Management, of considered rationality, would suggest
Kattiyapornpong, U & Miller, KE 2012, 'PROPENSITY TO SHOP: IDENTIFYING WHO SHOPS TIL THEY DROP', JOURNAL OF TRAVEL & TOURISM MARKETING, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 552-565.
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Tourist shopping expenditure is a vital ingredient which contributes significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the nation. Past research has stressed the importance of specific demographic variables related to shopping behavior; however, it has not included interactions between or configurations among demographic variables, shopping related psychographics, and shopping destinations. This study seeks to address that gap. The data was collected from a large representative sample of 26,686 Australian domestic short-stay visitors. Binary logistic regression found that demographic variables and their specific interactions were significantly related to tourist shopping behaviors as well as psychographics, trip motivation, and their shopping destination propensity, when tested simultaneously. The findings assist destination marketing managers to identify and target specific domestic short-stay tourist shoppers.
Kerr, G, Mortimera, K, Dickinson, S & Waller, DS 2012, 'Buy, boycott or blog Exploring online consumer power to share, discuss and distribute controversial advertising messages', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MARKETING, vol. 46, no. 3-4, pp. 387-405.
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Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of consumer power, in particular the power or bloggers in the online environment and how this might be applied to the regulation of advertising. Design/methodology/approach - Utilising Denegri
King, MT, Viney, R, Smith, DP, Hossain, I, Street, D, Savage, E, Fowler, S, Berry, MP, Stockler, M, Cozzi, P, Stricker, P, Ward, J & Armstrong, BK 2012, 'Survival gains needed to offset persistent adverse treatment effects in localised prostate cancer', BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 638-645.
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Men diagnosed with localised prostate cancer (LPC) face difficult choices between treatment options that can cause persistent problems with sexual, urinary and bowel function. Controlled trial evidence about the survival benefits of the full range of treatment alternatives is limited, and patients' views on the survival gains that might justify these problems have not been quantified. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was administered in a random subsample (n = 357, stratified by treatment) of a population-based sample (n = 1381) of men, recurrence-free 3 years after diagnosis of LPC, and 65 age-matched controls (without prostate cancer). Survival gains needed to justify persistent problems were estimated by substituting side effect and survival parameters from the DCE into an equation for compensating variation (adapted from welfare economics). Median (2.5, 97.5 centiles) survival benefits needed to justify severe erectile dysfunction and severe loss of libido were 4.0 (3.4, 4.6) and 5.0 (4.9, 5.2) months. These problems were common, particularly after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): 40 and 41% overall (n = 1381) and 88 and 78% in the ADT group (n = 33). Urinary leakage (most prevalent after radical prostatectomy (n - 839, mild 41%, severe 18%)) needed 4.2 (4.1, 4.3) and 27.7 (26.9, 28.5) months survival benefit, respectively. Mild bowel problems (most prevalent (30%) after external beam radiotherapy (n = 106)) needed 6.2 (6.1, 6.4) months survival benefit.
Kirsch, C, Chelliah, J & Parry, W 2012, 'The impact of cross-cultural dynamics on change management', CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 166-195.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a proprietary survey instrument ChangeTracking Survey® which measures employees' perceptions of organizational change and captures their experiences during the course of change management in their organizations. Design/methodology/approach The authors present an empirical study of employees involved in change management projects in 146 organizations situated in 27 countries across a variety of industries, nationalities and languages, using robust statistical analysis. Hofstede's work is used as a foundation for understanding cross-cultural differences in organizations from across the world. Findings The paper finds significant differences in certain characteristics of change projects between different nationalities.
Klimova, A 2012, 'Gender differences in determinants of occupational choice in Russia', International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 648-670.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse determinants of occupational allocation by gender, in Russia, between 1994 and 2001, using the only available nationally representative longitudinal survey (RLMS).Design/methodology/approachMultinomial logit was chosen as the estimation technique for this analysis.FindingsIt was found that gender significantly affects occupational distribution after controlling for human capital and other characteristics during all years. Educational attainment was significant for professionals and technicians/associate professionals, while work experience was significant for craft and plant workers. Marital status did not affect females' occupational allocation while married males were less likely to be unskilled and craft workers. It appears that women performed primarily non‐geographically dependent jobs and the significance of regional variation for females' employment diminished over time. A comparison of the actual and predicted females' occupation distribution revealed a large over‐representation of females in unskilled occupations.Originality/valueThe paper makes an original contribution to our understanding of occupational distribution by demonstrating that occupational segregation by gender is a large and economically significant factor in the Russian labour market, even after controlling for individuals' human capital and personal characteristics and for regional variations. The paper illustrates the extent of this segregation by comparing the actual occupational distribution of females to that which would occur if they faced the same structure of occupational determina...
Klimova, A & Ross, R 2012, 'Gender‐based occupational segregation in Russia: an empirical study', International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 474-489.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine trends in gender inequalities in the Russian labour market between 1994 and 2001, the early period of the transition to the market economy from the old Soviet Union.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines gender occupational segregation using the dataset from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Russian households, the Russian Labour Market Survey. The occupational segregation index measure developed by Karmel and Maclachlan, known as the KM Index, is applied and extended by decomposing the index into several components.FindingsThe KM Index declined over this period, indicating a reduction in the extent of gender inequality, However, the decomposing of the KM index shows that, in contrast to previous research, the decrease in segregation within individual occupations contributed most of the overall fall in gender segregation. Changes in the overall occupational structure and an increase in female employment contributed, albeit marginally, to an increase in segregation.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the changes which have continued in Russia since 2001, these research results may lack applicability to current emerging economic circumstances in Russia. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further using data for the period 2005 to 2015 once the data become available.Practical implicationsThe paper provides rigorous estimates of the trends in gender inequalities at an important per...
Koh, B, Freeman, L & Zaslawski, C 2012, 'Alternative medicine and doping in sports.', Australas Med J, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 18-25.
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Athletes are high achievers who may seek creative or unconventional methods to improve performance. The literature indicates that athletes are among the heaviest users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and thus may pioneer population trends in CAM use. Unlike non-athletes, athletes may use CAM not just for prevention, treatment or rehabilitation from illness or injuries, but also for performance enhancement. Assuming that athletes' creative use of anything unconventional is aimed at 'legally' improving performance, CAM may be used because it is perceived as more 'natural' and erroneously assumed as not potentially doping. This failure to recognise CAMs as pharmacological agents puts athletes at risk of inadvertent doping.The general position of the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA) is one of strict liability, an application of the legal proposition that ignorance is no excuse and the ultimate responsibility is on the athlete to ensure at all times whatever is swallowed, injected or applied to the athlete is both safe and legal for use. This means that a violation occurs whether or not the athlete intentionally or unintentionally, knowingly or unknowingly, used a prohibited substance/method or was negligent or otherwise at fault. Athletes are therefore expected to understand not only what is prohibited, but also what might potentially cause an inadvertent doping violation. Yet, as will be discussed, athlete knowledge on doping is deficient and WADA itself sometimes changes its position on prohibited methods or substances. The situation is further confounded by the conflicting stance of anti-doping experts in the media. These highly publicised disagreements may further portray inconsistencies in anti-doping guidelines and suggest to athletes that what is considered doping is dependent on the dominant political zeitgeist. Taken together, athletes may believe that unless a specific and explicit ruling is made, guidelines are open to interpretation. The...
Koo, TTR, Wu, C-L & Dwyer, L 2012, 'Dispersal of visitors within destinations: Descriptive measures and underlying drivers', TOURISM MANAGEMENT, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1209-1219.
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Promoting greater dispersal of tourists and their spending is important to the regional economic development goals of both developed and developing economies. However, while the concept of dispersal is not complex, in practise existing approaches towards dispersal measurement are largely confined to dispersal description (such as dispersal ratios) without the consideration of causal structure. Using Australia as a context, the goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between descriptive and causal approaches to dispersal, using a publicly available, secondary source of data – the International Visitor Survey (IVS). In so doing, the paper empirically validates factors associated with tourist dispersal, and constructs individual dispersal propensities which are structurally linked with, and provide supplementary information to, dispersal ratios. This research shows that, suitably manipulated, existing surveys of international visitors can be a rich source of information about dispersal.
Kulendran, N & Dwyer, L 2012, 'Modeling Seasonal Variation in Tourism Flows with Climate Variables', Tourism Analysis, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 121-137.
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The purpose of this article is to model and forecast the seasonal variation, the fluctuations in tourist numbers from season to season in Australian inbound holiday tourism, using climate variables such as maximum temperature, humidity, and hours of sunshine. For estimation purposes
this study uses quarterly data on arrivals from the US, UK, Japan, and New Zealand to Australia from September 1975 to September 2009. Seasonal variation, which is the respective and predictable movement of visitation around the trend line, was first extracted from the quarterly holiday tourist
arrivals time-series using the Basic Structural Model (BSM) approach. Subsequently, the influence of climate variables on seasonal variation in different seasons was identified using the average euclidean minimum distance (AD) statistics. The AD statistics show that climate variables shape
the characteristic of seasonal variation of tourism flows but the effect tends to vary between seasons and countries. A time-series model was estimated with climate variables to forecast seasonal variation. The forecasting comparison result shows that climate variables improve the forecasting
performance. The approach can be replicated to help destination managers and forecasters determine if climate variables influence tourism flows between other origins and destinations globally.
Lacetera, N, Macis, M & Slonim, R 2012, 'Will There Be Blood? Incentives and Displacement Effects in Pro-Social Behavior', American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 186-223.
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We present evidence from nearly 14,000 American Red Cross blood drives and from a natural field experiment showing that economic incentives have a positive effect on blood donations without increasing the fraction of donors who are ineligible to donate. The effect increases with the incentive's economic value. However, a substantial proportion of the increase in donations is explained by donors leaving neighboring drives without incentives to attend drives with incentives; this displacement also increases with the economic value of the incentive. We conclude that extrinsic incentives stimulate pro-social behavior, but unless displacement effects are considered, the effect may be overestimated. (JEL D64, H41, I12)
Lanis, R & Richardson, G 2012, 'Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis', JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND PUBLIC POLICY, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 86-108.
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This study examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate tax aggressiveness. Based on a sample of 408 publicly listed Australian corporations for the 2008/2009 financial year, our regression results show that the higher the level of CSR disclosure of a corporation, the lower is the level of corporate tax aggressiveness. We find a negative and statistically significant association between CSR disclosure and tax aggressiveness which holds across a number of different regression model specifications, thus more socially responsible corporations are likely to be less tax aggressive in nature. Finally, the regression results from our additional analysis indicate that the social investment commitment and corporate and CSR strategy (including the ethics and business conduct) of a corporation are important elements of CSR activities that have a negative impact on tax aggressiveness.
Linnenluecke, MK & Griffiths, A 2012, 'Assessing organizational resilience to climate and weather extremes: complexities and methodological pathways', Climatic Change, vol. 113, no. 3-4, pp. 933-947.
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Linnenluecke, MK, Griffiths, A & Winn, M 2012, 'Extreme Weather Events and the Critical Importance of Anticipatory Adaptation and Organizational Resilience in Responding to Impacts', Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 17-32.
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Lock, D, Taylor, T, Funk, D & Darcy, S 2012, 'Exploring the Development of Team Identification', Journal of Sport Management, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 283-294.
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Individuals strive to attach themselves to social groups that reflect positively on the way they view themselves (Tajfel, 1972, 1982; Tajfel & Turner, 1979). While social categories span a myriad of activities, pursuits and organizations, sport teams provide a pertinent example of social categories from which individuals derive social identity benefits (Cialdini & Richardson, 1980). As a result, social identity theory has been extensively applied to sport consumers as a framework contributing to understanding of identity formation (Fisher & Wakefield, 1998; James, 2001), strength (Wann & Branscombe, 1993, 1995), structure (Heere & James, 2007) and management for sport fans (Cialdini et al., 1976; Cialdini & Richardson, 1980; Snyder, Lassegard, & Ford, 1986).
Lu, F, Balatbat, M & Czernkowski, R 2012, 'Does consideration matter to China's split share structure reform?', ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 439-466.
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We investigate the share market response to Chinas split share structure reform and find average negative daily return around the government announcement on 29 April 2005. However, there is a turnaround at individual companies decision to implement the reform where we find positive and significant average daily return, contingent on the type of consideration. We attribute this change in market sentiment to the companys announcement that the reform will involve the payment of consideration to holders of tradable A-shares. Our results also show that holders of tradable A-shares earn significant abnormal daily returns when companies propose to pay in cash or warrants or combine any of these payment methods with bonus shares.
Lyons, B, Menzies, GD & Zizzo, DJ 2012, 'Conflicting evidence and decisions by agency professionals: an experimental test in the context of merger regulation', Theory and Decision, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 465-499.
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Many important regulatory decisions are taken by professionals employing limited and conflicting evidence. We conduct an experiment in a merger regulation setting, identifying the role of different standards of proof, volumes of evidence, cost of error and professional or lay decision making. The experiment was conducted on current practitioners from 11 different jurisdictions, in addition to student subjects. Legal standards of proof significantly affect decisions. There are specific differences because of professional judgment, including in how error costs and volume of evidence are taken into account. We narrow the range of explanations for why professional decision making matters.
Lyons, K, Hanley, J, Wearing, S & Neil, J 2012, 'GAP YEAR VOLUNTEER TOURISM Myths of Global Citizenship?', ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 361-378.
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The valorisation of cross-cultural understanding and promotion of an ethic of global citizenship are at the forefront of the recent development and proliferation of international `gap year travel programs and policies. Governments and industry alike promote gap year travel uncritically as a guaranteed pathway to the development of inclusive ideologies associated with global citizenship. In this paper we examine how the neoliberalist context in which gap year travel programs have proliferated does little to promote tolerance. We then consider the recent growth of `volunteer tourism as an alternative gap year youth travel experience and explore how the implied resistance to self-serving neoliberalist values that it engenders can become coopted by neoliberalism.
Lyons, KD & Wearing, S 2012, 'Reflections on the Ambiguous Intersections between Volunteering and Tourism', LEISURE SCIENCES, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 88-93.
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In this paper we critique the intersections between volunteering and tourism and consider how these have been treated in scholarly research. We highlight how current narrow definitions of volunteer tourism may be obscuring activities which could further
Maruyama, S 2012, 'Estimation of Finite Sequential Games', UNSW Australian School of Business Research Paper, vol. 178, no. 2010, pp. 716-726.
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Maruyama, S & Yin, Q 2012, 'The opportunity cost of exercise: Do higher-earning Australians exercise longer, harder, or both?', Health Policy, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 187-194.
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Despite the widely documented benefits of exercise, very little is known about how individuals make the decision on exercise. In particular, the decision on the intensity of exercise has attracted only one US study to date, which tests the hypothesis that individuals shift toward less time-intensive but more physically intensive forms of exercise as their wages increase. In this article, we revisit this hypothesis by employing a more credible empirical framework. Studying Australian data we confirm that higher-income Australians tend to exercise more frequently with a longer duration and a higher intensity of exercise. Exercise regimens individualised based on the behavioural patterns of exercise across socio-economic groups will contribute to the efficiency and efficacy of the exercise promotion.
Massey, GR 2012, 'All Quiet on the Western Front? Empirical Evidence on the “War” between Marketing Managers and Sales Managers', Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 268-274.
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A common assumption in the literature is that ineffective relationships and conflict between Marketing Managers and Sales Managers and their respective departments is endemic. This article challenges that assumption via an exhaustive review of the large sample quantitative studies of this important working relationship. The analysis reveals that the assumption is unsustainable in the light of the evidence, and that Marketing Manager/Sales Manager relationships are generally effective. This is encouraging news for these managers and their firms, as recent work has established that effective Marketing/Sales relationships are positively associated with superior value creation and market performance.
Matolcsy, Z, Shan, Y & Seethamraju, V 2012, 'The timing of changes in CEO compensation from cash bonus to equity-based compensation: Determinants and performance consequences', Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 78-91.
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This study examines the determinants and performance consequences of changes in CEO compensation structure. The study uses the unique setting when Australian companies have changed from cash bonus to equity-based compensation. While most US CEOs receive some form of equity-based compensation, Australian CEOs have not always been paid equity-based compensation. According to efficient contracting theories, we argue that the change to equity-based compensation is driven by changes in firm characteristics and by the occurrence of CEO turnover, the latter of which provides a less costly opportunity for such change. Our results are consistent with the above arguments. We also document a significant negative association between changes in compensation structure and subsequent firm performance in the following year, even after controlling for CEO turnover and poor governance environments. Overall, our results suggest that the initial change to equity-based compensation is part of an error learning process made by firms that leads them towards efficient CEO compensation contracts.
Matolcsy, ZP & Wells, PA 2012, 'Is Continuous Disclosure Associated with Board Independence?', Australian Journal of Management, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 99-123.
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This study provides evidence on the association between board composition and different types of continuous disclosure. Our sample is based on a sample of 450 firms for the period 2006-2007. Our experimental design uses both ordinary least-squares (OLS) regressions and two-stage least-squares regressions (2SLS), although the Durbin-Wu-Hausman chi(2) test indicates that the OLS results alone would be appropriate. We include the 2SLS results in order to be able to compare the results against previous findings. Our key findings are that there is no association between board composition and different types of continuous disclosure. Our results are robust with respect to alternative variable definitions.
Matthews, LR, Bohle, P, Quinlan, M & Rawlings-Way, O 2012, 'Traumatic Death at Work: Consequences for Surviving Families', International Journal of Health Services, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 647-666.
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Research and policy on occupational health and safety have understandably focused on workers as the direct victims of workplace hazards. However, serious illness, injury, or death at work also has cascading psychological, social, and economic effects on victims' families and close friends. These effects have been neglected by researchers and policymakers. The number of persons immediately affected by workplace death is significant, even in rich countries with relatively low rates of workplace fatality. Every year, more than 5,000 family members and close friends of Australian workers become survivors of traumatic work-related death (TWD). This study investigated the health, social, and financial consequences of TWD on surviving families. In-depth exploratory interviews were conducted with seven family members who had experienced TWD from one to 20 years before the interviews, with an average of three years. All reported serious health, social, and financial consequences, including prolonged grief and unresolved loss, physical health problems, family disruption and behavioral effects on children, immediate financial difficulties, and disturbance of longer term commitments such as retirement planning. Recommendations for policy development and improved practice are proposed to minimize the trauma and suffering experienced by families, mitigate consequences, and improve outcomes following a TWD.
Menictas, C, Wang, PZ & Louviere, JJ 2012, 'Assessing the Validity of Brand Equity Constructs', Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 3-8.
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This paper tests both the internal and external validity of the Erdem and Swait (1998) brand equity framework using two measurement modelling approaches, namely the relatively new Best-Worst scaling (BWS) method ( Finn and Louviere, 1992 ; Marley and Louviere, 2005 ) and the more traditional confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method. Data were collected from the Australian banking and mobile services sectors. We find the measurement models derived from BWS outperformed the models based on CFA of the rating data in predicting both stated and real brand choices. The findings have implications for both academics and practitioners in brand equity measurement and management.
Menzies, GD & Hay, D 2012, 'Self and Neighbours', Economic Record, vol. 88, no. s1, pp. 137-148.
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The paper notes the findings of a panel survey in the USA to motivate a framework to model altruistic behaviour by members of faith communities. We posit an internal tension within agents to be oriented to self or to neighbours. We model this by a mixed motive valuation function which values both classic utility (based on own consumption), and generosity to neighbours. In the short run, the value assigned to generosity by an agent is fixed; in the long run, it is determined by the agent's understanding and practice of 'love for neighbour' (as discussed in McCloskey, 2006), which, according to the Christian world view, is influenced by the agent's spiritual state.
Menzies, GD & Zizzo, DJ 2012, 'Monetary policy and inferential expectations of exchange rates', Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 359-380.
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We present a macroeconomic market experiment to isolate the impact of monetary shocks on the exchange rate, as an alternative to SVAR identification. In a non-stochastic treatment, covered interest rate parity holds and predicted exchange rates are tracked well. In a stochastic treatment, we model expectations using a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test (inferential expectations) and find evidence of belief conservatism and uncovered interest rate parity failure. The market environment magnifies belief conservatism, which is opposite to the standard claim that markets tend to eliminate individual choice anomalies
Mukherjee, A & Vasconcelos, L 2012, 'Star Wars: Exclusive Talent and Collusive Outcomes in Labor Markets', Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 754-782.
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Navone, M 2012, 'Investors' distraction and strategic repricing decisions', JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1291-1303.
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In this paper I analyze investors reactions to changes in the expense ratios of equity mutual funds. I show that investment ?ows response to fees cannot be fully explained by looking at investors performance sensitivity. While performance sensitivity monotonically increases with past performance, price sensitivity does not: investors who buy top past performers seem to be ``distracted by the funds previous return and pay relatively little attention to the expense ratios. Moreover price sensitivity increases with fund visibility while performance sensitivity decreases, and while looking at data from 1986 to 2006 no discernible trend can be observed in the average performance sensitivity, price sensitivity strongly increases due to the dramatic increase in the availability of mutual funds information for retail investors. Finally I show that investment companies strategically time their repricing decisions in order to exploit time variations in price and performance sensitivities, and that fund governance quality affects the degree to which investment companies engage in this opportunistic behavior
Navone, M 2012, 'Reprint of Investors' distraction and strategic repricing decisions', JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2729-2741.
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Nikolova, N & Reihlen, MR 2012, 'Trust as a 'Leap of Faith': Trust Granting', Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 12990-12990.
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Onyx, J & Dalton, BM 2012, 'Academic Programmes for Managers and Leaders of NGOs: Australia', Journal of NonProfit Education and Leadership, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 106-109.
Onyx, J, Kenny, S & Brown, K 2012, 'Active Citizenship: An Empirical Investigation', Social Policy and Society, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 55-66.
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This paper reports on a study of what active citizenship means from the perspective of citizens who are active within third sector organisations. It is based on an empirical study involving 1,610 respondents across 11 towns in six countries. The study explored how active citizenship is manifested, by gathering data on attitudes towards social changes and the forms and practices of active citizenship. There are two major, and apparently contradictory themes emerging in the data. The first theme provides a portrait of active engagement, proactively, and sometimes oppositionally working for a better world. On the other hand, citizens by and large avoid active oppositional engagement in the political process. They prefer to work collaboratively with government and to work at the local level. This second theme can be understood as social maintenance, support for existing structures that facilitates community cohesion, while providing relief for the disadvantaged, often with a conservative charity or welfare orientation. Following the work of Touraine, the study revealed how citizens act at the local rather than the national level, and focus on concrete issues and interpersonal relations rather than political action aimed at wider policy change. While this form of citizenship action can reflect a conservative form of maintenance, it is equally a creative new form of association and mutual support.
Patterson, I, Darcy, S & Mönninghoff, M 2012, 'Attitudes and experiences of tourism operators in Northern Australia towards people with disabilities', World Leisure Journal, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 215-229.
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The last decade has seen an increasing interest in disability, access and tourism. This has culminated in the emergence of a body of work on ``accessible tourism. Disability and access have been the subject of a great deal of government regulation and coordination through building codes, awareness training and state-based tourism marketing authorities and policy engagement. Yet, the supply-side perspective of industry responses to this consumer group has been under researched (Darcy & Pegg, 2011). This study seeks to redress this omission through examining the attitudes and experiences of tourism operators. The area chosen for the study was Queensland, Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 32 tourism operators across five major regional tourism locations. The interviews investigated the level of engagement with the consumer group, their motivations for catering for the group and their experiences with the service provision to the group. The results of the study showed that, while the macro policy environment is conducive to having an accessible built environment, transport and service sector, the level of engagement by the tourism industry still involves an ad hoc process of trial and error on the part of individual operators. In comparison with previous decades, tourism operators are now making significant efforts to make their products and services more accessible to people with disabilities. However, most operators in the study noted that there is still a weak demand from the accessible tourism market and low recognition of their existing product offerings.
Putniņš, TJ 2012, 'Market Manipulation: A Survey', Journal of Economic Surveys, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 952-967.
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Despite the significant attention that market manipulation has received in recent years many aspects of it are poorly understood. This article identifies from the theoretical and empirical literature what we do and do not know about market manipulation, and suggests directions for future research. We know that manipulation is possible and that it occurs in a wide variety of markets and circumstances. In contrast, we know little about how often manipulation occurs, its effects and how it responds to regulation. Suggested approaches for future research on these issues include: (i) collecting more comprehensive datasets of manipulation cases; (ii) using detection controlled estimation methods to overcome sample selection and partial observability problems; and (iii) conducting controlled experiments. This article also constructs a novel and broad taxonomy of the different types of market manipulation and discusses approaches to defining manipulation.
Rana, M & ASME 2012, 'INTRODUCTION', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, PVP 2012, VOL 1, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 441-441.
Rhodes, C 2012, 'Ethics, alterity and the rationality of leadership justice', HUMAN RELATIONS, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 1311-1331.
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Rhodes, C & Bloom, P 2012, 'The Cultural Fantasy of Hierarchy: Sovereignty and the Desire for Spiritual Purity', Research in the Sociology of Organizations, vol. 35, pp. 141-169.
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Bureaucratic hierarchy, as the hallmark of the modern organization, has been remarkably resilient in the face of increasingly pervasive attacks on its fundamental value and usefulness. We investigate the reasons for this from a cultural, particularly psychoanalytic, perspective – one that sees hierarchy's perpetuation not in terms of the efficacy of its instrumental potential, but rather in the values that are culturally sedimented within it. We argue that hierarchy reflects longings for a pure heavenly order that can never be attained yet remains appealing as a cultural fantasy psychologically gripping individuals in its beatific vision. To tease out this cultural logic we examine two representations of it in popular culture – the U.S. television comedy The Office (2005–) and comedian Will Farrell's impersonation of George W. Bush (2009). These examples illustrate the strength of bureaucratic hierarchy as an affective cultural ideal that retains its appeal even whilst being continually the subject of derision. We suggest that this cultural ideal is structured through a ‘fantasmatic narrative’ revolving around the desire for a spiritualized sense of sovereignty; a desire that is always undermined yet reinforced by its failures to manifest itself concretely in practice. Our central contribution is in relating hierarchy to sovereignty, suggesting that hierarchy persists because of an unquenched and unquenchable desire for spiritual perfection not only amongst leaders, but also amongst those they lead.
Rhodes, C & Harvey, G 2012, 'Agonism and the Possibilities of Ethics for HRM', JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 49-59.
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Rhodes, C & Pullen, A 2012, 'Commercial gender: Fracturing masculinity in the case of OzRock', CULTURE AND ORGANIZATION, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 33-49.
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Rochon, L-P & Docherty, P 2012, 'Engagement with the Mainstream in the Future of Post Keynesian Economics', Review of Political Economy, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 503-518.
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This paper examines the reasons for the difficulties Post Keynesian economics has had in supplanting mainstream neoclassical theory and for its resulting marginalization. Three explanations are given: intellectual, sociological and political, where the latter two are largely responsible for the current relationship of Post Keynesian economics to the mainstream. The paper also reviews various strategies for improving the future of Post Keynesian economics, including a focus on methodological issues by maintaining an 'open systems' approach; a strategy of 'embattled survival'; the development of a positive alternative to mainstream economics; a strategy of 'constructive engagement' with the mainstream; and a dialogue with policymakers. While the global financial crisis has increased the potential for constructive engagement with the mainstream, significant barriers remain to the effectiveness of this approach. The crisis has, however, enhanced the possibility of engaging directly with policymakers and gaining a greater role in management education.
Roesch, D & Scheule, H 2012, 'Capital incentives and adequacy for securitizations', JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 733-748.
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This paper analyzes the capital incentives and adequacy of financial institutions for asset portfolio securitizations. The empirical analysis is based on US securitization rating and impairment data. The paper finds that regulatory capital rules for securitizations may be insufficient to cover implied losses during economic downturns such as the Global Financial Crisis. In addition, the rating process of securitizations provides capital arbitrage incentives for financial institutions and may further reduce regulatory capital requirements. These policy-relevant findings assume that the ratings assigned by rating agencies are correct and can be used to build a test for the ability of Basel capital regulations to cover downturn losses.
Schlereth, C, Eckert, C & Skiera, B 2012, 'Using discrete choice experiments to estimate willingness-to-pay intervals', MARKETING LETTERS, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 761-776.
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Willingness-to-pay has always been conceptualized as a point estimate, frequently as the price that makes the consumer indifferent between buying and not buying the product. In contrast, this article estimates willingness-to-pay (WTP) as an interval based on discrete choice experiments and a scale-adjusted latent-class model. The middle value of this interval corresponds to the traditional WTP point estimate and depends on the deterministic utility; the range of the interval depends on price sensitivity and the utility's error variance (scale). With this conceptualization of WTP, we propose a new measure, the attractiveness index, which serves to identify attractive consumers by combining knowledge about their price sensitivities and error variances. An empirical study demonstrates that the attractiveness index identifies the most attractive consumers, who do not necessarily have the largest WTP point estimates. Furthermore, consumers with comparable preferences can differ in their purchase probability by an average of 16%, as reflected in differences in their WTP intervals, which yields implications for more customized target marketing.
Schmidt, C, Zhao, L & Terry, C 2012, 'S&p/ASX 200: Does change in membership matter?', JASSA, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 12-18.
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Studies over recent decades of the return effects for the stocks added to and deleted from the S&P 500 have documented the so-called 'S&P game', where traders could profit from stock price reactions to changes in the index's composition. Studies on the All Ordinaries Index covering the 1990s also found profitable trading opportunities over the pre-announcement period. Our study of the effects of changes in the composition of the S&P/ASX 200 from its introduction (in April 2000) to June 2009 found these pre-announcement opportunities were eliminated but that potential exists for the 'S&P/ASX 200 game' between announcement and implementation dates.
Schulenkorf, N 2012, 'Sustainable community development through sport and events: A conceptual framework for Sport-for-Development projects', SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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The number of aid organisations, NGOs and government agencies pursuing the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to improve the everyday needs and social life of disadvantaged communities has been growing over the past decade. Particularly in divided societies, Sport-for-Development projects have increasingly been staged to contribute to intergroup togetherness, social cohesion and community empowerment. While the analyses of individual sport and event initiatives highlights their capacity to impact positively on people and groups, they do not provide strategic guidelines, models or frameworks for community empowerment. However, such models are needed to foster practical research in the area of community development that can inform sport and event planning, management and leverage. In an attempt to fill this gap, this paper presents and discusses the Sport-for-Development (S4D) Framework, which can be used to guide the strategic investigation of sport and event projects and their contribution to understanding and measuring direct social impacts and sustainable social outcomes for (disparate) communities. The S4D Framework presents a holistic yet flexible management tool that can take account of cultural heterogeneity and program diversity, while shaping implementation, directing evaluation, and encouraging future planning of development initiatives. To conclude, this paper suggests different ways in which the S4D Framework can be empirically tested and validated through both qualitative and quantitative research.
Schulenkorf, N & Edwards, D 2012, 'Maximizing Positive Social Impacts: Strategies for Sustaining and Leveraging the Benefits of Intercommunity Sport Events in Divided Societies', JOURNAL OF SPORT MANAGEMENT, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 379-390.
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Building on the evidence of social impacts generated by sport events, there is a need for research to identify strategies suitable for maximizing event benefits for disparate interest communities. This paper investigates the opportunities and strategic means for sustaining and leveraging social event benefits arising from intercommunity sport events in the ethnically divided Sri Lanka. Following an interpretive mode of inquiry, findings are derived from the analysis of two focus groups and 35 in-depth interviews with Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim and international event stakeholders. To maximize event benefits, findings suggest that event organizers and host communities focus strategically on children as catalysts for change; increase ethnically mixed team sport activities; provide event-related sociocultural opportunities; combine large-scale events with regular sport-for-development programs; and engage in social, cultural, political and educational event leverage. By implementing these strategies and tactics, intercommunity sport events are likely to contribute to local capacity building and inclusive social change, which can have flow-on effects to the wider community. These findings extend the academic literature on strategic event planning, management and leverage, as they provide a focus on community event leverage for social purposes in a developing world context â an area which has thus far received limited empirical research.
Schweinsberg, SC, Wearing, SL & Darcy, S 2012, 'Understanding communities' views of nature in rural industry renewal: the transition from forestry to nature-based tourism in Eden, Australia', JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 195-213.
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This scoping paper examines the complex issue of assessing and understanding community views about the restructuring towards nature-based rural tourism of traditional agriculture and forestry rural economies and their activities that had hitherto shaped local identities. It shows how individual resident perceptions can be included within social impact assessment through the use of psychological methods and discusses the relative merits of using personal construct theory -based repertory grids. Ten repertory grid interviews were completed in Eden, New South Wales, Australia. The findings present both the resulting repertory grids and a more detailed discussion of the interpretation of the grids through two narratives that focus on residents considering what, in their opinion, constitutes a sustainable utilisation of local forest land. The discussion examines how the results of this type of analysis can be used to understand individual residents' decisions to support or reject nature-based tourism proposals in favour of traditional extractive forest-industry sectors. It shows how this assessment system could aid planners in reconciling stakeholder conflict over the ideal usage of public forest land by offering a structured means of giving heterogeneous rural communities a formal voice in tourism-planning processes.
Sepehr, S & Kaffashpoor, A 2012, 'Measuring the Ethnocentric Tendencies of Iranian Consumers: An Assessment of Validity and Reliability of the CETSCALE', Journal of International Consumer Marketing, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 263-274.
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Siefken, K, Schofield, G & Schulenkorf, N 2012, 'Womens’ healthy lifestyle behaviour in urban Vanuatu–an in-depth investigation', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 15, pp. S286-S287.
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Siminski, P & Ville, S 2012, 'I Was Only Nineteen, 45 Years Ago: What Can we Learn from Australia’s Conscription Lotteries?', Economic Record, vol. 88, no. 282, pp. 351-371.
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The Australian conscription lotteries of 1965-1972 are a unique and underutilised resource for studying the effects of army service and veterans’ programs. Drawing on many data sources and 25 years of related US literature, we present a comprehensive analysis of this natural experiment, examining indicators of health, personal economic outcomes, family outcomes and educational attainment. We discuss the numerous potential mechanisms involved and the limitations of available data.
Siminski, P & Yerokhin, O 2012, 'Is the Age Gradient in Self-Reported Material Hardship Explained By Resources, Needs, Behaviors, or Reporting Bias?', REVIEW OF INCOME AND WEALTH, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 715-741.
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Older people report much less hardship than younger people in a range of contexts, despite lower
incomes. Hardship indicators are increasingly influential, so the source of this age gradient has considerable
policy implications. We propose a theoretical and empirical strategy to decompose the sources
of this relationship. We exploit a unique feature of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics
Australia (HILDA) survey, which collects reports of hardship from all adult household members. This
facilitates within-couple estimates, allowing us to identify age-related reporting bias. The majority of
the raw age–hardship gradient is explained by observed resources, particularly wealth and home
ownership. One third of the relationship is explained by unobserved differences between households,
which we interpret as age-related behavioral choices. Reporting error does not appear to contribute to
the age gradient.
Small, J, Darcy, S & Packer, T 2012, 'The embodied tourist experiences of people with vision impairment: Management implications beyond the visual gaze', Tourism Management, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 941-950.
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This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study that investigated the embodied tourist experiences of 40 people who are vision impaired. The study, informed by the concept of "embodied ontology", explored the corporeal and socially constructed experience of tourism. The findings highlighted the benefit of holidays for the participants and de-centred the "visual gaze" in the tourist experience. The quality of the tourist experience related to participants' feelings of inclusion or exclusion in terms of their access to information, experience of wayfinding, travelling with a guide dog, and the knowledge and attitudes of others. It was evident that participants needed to manage their tourist experiences closely and constantly. The paper concludes that the tourism industry and community must understand the multi-sensory nature of the tourist experience if quality accessible experiences are to be available for tourists with vision impairment. Provision of multi-sensory experiences also enhances the experiences of sighted tourists.
Song, H, Dwyer, L, Li, G & Cao, Z 2012, 'Tourism economics research: A review and assessment', Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1653-1682.
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Spanjaard, D & Freeman, L 2012, 'The hidden agenda: emotions in grocery shopping', The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 439-457.
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In this paper, we demonstrate the complexity of consumer decision-making within the supermarket and use videographic techniques to gain greater insight into this. We propose that grocery shopping, often perceived as a routine behavior, can in fact, become quite complex. The broad pattern emerging from our study was that the less time the participant spent looking at the shelves, the less emotion displayed. Where there was longer time spent, there was also increasing physical interaction with the product and a greater display of mostly negative emotion. We suggest that this presents a conundrum for retailers. Does the lack of emotion indicate little or no commitment to the store and/or brand? Or are they so loyal there is no need for consumer engagement? This exploration suggests that further insight can be gained if the emphasis is on how the consumer interacts with their brands rather than assuming that all grocery decisions are predictive. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Spanjol, J, Tam, L & Rosa, JA 2012, 'Unintended effects of implementation intentions on goal pursuit initiation vs. persistence: Substitution and acceleration', Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 40, pp. 924-925.
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When trying to achieve a goal (such as losing five pounds), people run into problems with getting started (begin controlling one's diet), keeping at it (continue cutting out the sugar), or both. Failure at either initiation or persistence in goal striving reduces goal attainment significantly. One way to overcome these challenges is to form implementation intentions (i.e., make detailed plans on when, where, and how to enact goal-directed behaviors, Gollwitzer 1999). Implementation intentions improve action initiation under cognitive load (Brandstaetter, Lengfelder, and Gollwitzer 2001), and shield goal pursuit behaviors from distractions (Bayer, Gollwitzer, and Achtziger 2010). Most implementation intentions research focuses on the outcome (i.e., goal attainment), not distinguishing between initiation and persistence or examining them independently (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006). It is unclear if planning out goal-directed behaviors is equally effective for starting and persisting in goal pursuit and what the underlying mechanisms are. The present research addresses this gap. © 2012.
Stavrunova, O & Yerokhin, O 2012, 'Two-part fractional regression model for the demand for risky assets', APPLIED ECONOMICS, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 21-26.
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Empirical studies of household portfolio choices are often interested in quantifying the effects of various covariates on the fraction of a households wealth invested in risky assets such as common stocks. The preferred econometric specification in these studies is the two-limit Tobit model, which can accommodate the fractional nature of the dependent variable. However, it is restrictive, because it assumes that the same data generating process determines both whether households participate in the stock market and the fraction of wealth invested in stocks. This article demonstrates that, in this setting, a two-part version of the fractional response model of Papke and Wooldridge (1996) constitutes an attractive alternative to Tobit by comparing the performance of the two models using data on portfolio choices of Australian households. We find that (1) the Tobit model is rejected by our data in favour of a two-part specification; and (2) marginal effects of covariates on the share of risky assets conditional on participation estimated from Tobit are confounded by the effects of these covariates on the participation decision.
Sutcliffe, PJ, Solomon, A & Edwards, J 2012, 'Computing the variance of tour costs over the solution space of the TSP in polynomial time', Computational Optimization and Applications, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 711-728.
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We give an O(n 2) time algorithm to find the population variance of tour costs over the solution space of the n city symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The algorithm has application in both the stochastic case, where the problem is specified in terms of edge costs which are pairwise independently distributed random variables with known mean and variance, and the numeric edge cost case. We apply this result to provide empirical evidence that, in a range of real world problem sets, the optimal tour cost correlates with a simple function of the mean and variance of tour costs
Suzuki, T 2012, 'Competitive problem solving and the optimal prize schemes', Games and Economic Behavior, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 1009-1013.
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Agents compete to solve a problem. Each agent simultaneously chooses either a safe method or a risky method to solve the problem. This paper analyzes a prize scheme as an incentive to induce the optimal risk-taking level which maximizes the designer's interest. It is shown that whenever the winner-take-all scheme induces excessive risk-taking, there exists a prize scheme which induces the optimal risk-taking. Moreover, the existence of such a prize scheme is guaranteed if the number of competitors is sufficiently large.
Suzuki, T 2012, 'Complementarity of behavioral biases', Theory and Decision, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 413-430.
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I investigate the complementarity of behavioral biases in a simple invest- ment problem. The agent has incomplete knowledge about the correlation between fitness and the decision environment. Nature endows the agent with a decision pro- cedure so that the induced action can reflect this correlation. I show that the agent with this decision procedure always exhibits (i) present biased time preference, (ii) distorted beliefs, and (iii) cognitive dissonance. The three biases are complements and the absence of one of them destroys the value of the other two. The decision procedure also provides insights into the non-fungibility of savings.
Tam, L & Spanjol, J 2012, 'When impediments make you jump rather than stumble: Regulatory nonfit, implementation intentions, and goal attainment', Marketing Letters, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 93-107.
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Taylor, S & Wong, L 2012, 'Robust anomalies? A close look at accrual-based trading strategy returns', ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 573-603.
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The last 40 years have seen an extensive literature documenting so-called anomalies in major capital markets. Evidence of abnormal returns associated with trading strategies based on readily observable phenomena such as accounting-based data involves experimental design choices that can be expected to influence the results. We show how evidence of an accrual anomaly in Australia is sensitive to research design specifications such as the choice of proxy for total accruals; the definition of abnormal returns (i.e. the return generating model); the impact of data trimming as a response to exceptionally large returns; and the choice between value and equal weighting of returns. We show that research design choices do matter and help reconcile conflicting prior evidence of any accrual anomaly in Australia. More broadly, our results suggest the need for caution in drawing inferences from trading strategy tests which claim to identify anomalies.
Teo, STT, Segal, N, Morgan, AC, Kandlbinder, P, Wang, KY & Hingorani, A 2012, 'Generic skills development and satisfaction with groupwork among business students', Education + Training, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 472-487.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine variables explaining students’ positive and negative experiences of groupwork and connect country of residence with the perception of generic skills development and self‐reported satisfaction with groupwork. It also aims to examine the effect of prior training in groups from the perspective of Australian and Non‐Australian permanent residency Business students.Design/methodology/approachRespondents were 389 undergraduate and postgraduate Business students at an Australian metropolitan university. A path model was developed and analysed using partial least squares modeling.FindingsStudents’ country of residence had a significant influence on reporting of generic skill development and experience of groupwork. Self‐reported improvement in generic skills after groupwork assessment was associated with reporting of fewer negative and more positive aspects of working in groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings were limited by using data collected from students enrolled in one undergraduate and one postgraduate subject at the conclusion of a group assignment from one university. Future research should test the model by extending it to other universities and non‐Business units. Future research should rely on a longitudinal design, where the survey is carried out at the beginning and the end of the group assessment.Practical implicationsIt is important to ensure both domestic and international students acquire generic skills through groupwork and that prior training in...
Vad Baunsgaard, V & Clegg, S 2012, 'Dominant Ideological Modes of Rationality: Organizations as Arenas of Struggle Over Members’ Categorization Devices', Research in the Sociology of Organizations, vol. 34, pp. 199-232.
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This chapter explores dominant ideologies theoretically in Gil organizational selling. A framework is developed to advance our understanding 0/ how 'dominant ideological modes 0/ rationality' reflect predictability through the reproduction of accepted truths, hence social order in organization. Dominant ideological modes of rationality constitute professional identity, power relations, and rationality andframe prevailing mentalities and social practices in organization. It is suggested that members' categorization devices structure and constrain social practices. Supplementing the existent power literature, the chapter concludes that professional identity produces rationality. power and truth - truth being the overarching concept assembled through the rationalities assembled in
Van de Venter, G, Michayluk, D & Davey, G 2012, 'A longitudinal study of financial risk tolerance', JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 794-800.
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Academics are divided as to whether financial risk tolerance is an enduring psychological trait and as a consequence is less likely to change over the life of an individual, or a variable psychological state which varies readily in response to internal and external influences. In this study we report the findings of a longitudinal study that investigates the annual change in financial risk tolerance scores of individuals over a 5. year period and the factors that influence such change. Our results indicate a relatively small annual change in individuals' financial risk tolerance. Although our regression model is ineffective in providing a clarification for a change in the financial risk tolerance scores of individual respondents, we find a slight decrease in financial risk tolerance associated with a decrease in household size and an increase in financial risk tolerance after terminating the services of a financial planner. From our results we propose that financial risk tolerance is a stable personality trait and is unlikely to change substantially over the life of an individual.
Van den Hoven, P & Frawley, S 2012, '‘Aussie Aussie Aussie, Guus Guus Guus’. Guus Hiddink’s reign as the coach of the Socceroos: a comparative cultural media analysis', Soccer & Society, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 97-106.
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In 2005, a Dutch `super coach by name of Guus Hiddink achieved what many Australian football fans thought was an almost impossible task: he managed to lead the Australian football team to qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. This was only the second time Australia had qualified to play in this tournament, with the previous success being 32 years prior, in 1974. The purpose of this essay is to explore how the Australian and Dutch media covered Hiddinks time as Australias national football coach. The research has utilized Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory in order to understand the similarities and differences between how both media represented Hiddinks time in Australia. As outlined by Hofstede, Australian and Dutch societies maintain a number of similarities. They are similar in respect to the cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism and uncertainty avoidance. It was found however that both nations were substantially different in relation to Hofstedes cultural dimension termed `masculinity versus femininity.
Veal, AJ 2012, 'FIT for the purpose? Open space planning standards in Britain', Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 375-379.
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Open space is often neglected in academic discussion of leisure policy, yet local authorities in England are responsible for 94,000 ha of formal parks, 4400 ha of equipped playgrounds and 285,000 ha of other public open space, involving a net annual expenditure £750m, which is greater than the expenditure on, for example, indoor sport and sport development (£630m) (Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy [CIPFA], 2009). Furthermore, visiting parks is arguably the most popular of publicly facilitated leisure activities after the use of public broadcasting (Veal, 2006) and with continued urban renewal, and population growth in England and Wales of a million every 4 years (Office for National Statistics, 2008), the provision of open space, as a component of new urban infrastructure, remains a significant public policy issue.
Veal, AJ 2012, 'The leisure society II: the era of critique, 1980–2011', World Leisure Journal, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 99-140.
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The ``leisure society thesis was developed primarily in the 1960s and 1970s and a recent paper in the World Leisure Journal summarised the relevant literature from that period and analysed contemporary recollections of it (Veal, 2011). This paper follows the story of the leisure society thesis since 1980. Set against the background of discussions of work and leisure in periods of high unemployment, the work ethic, working hours, post-work and worklife balance, the paper reviews the post-1980 offerings of proponents, analysts and critics of the leisure society thesis. A four-fold typology of leisure society conceptualisations and reduced-work future scenarios is proposed, comprising: the current leisure society; the evolutionary leisure society; the leisure society as a political project; and other reduced-work scenarios/projects. The second half of the paper reviews literature that is analytical, ambivalent and/or definitional regarding the leisure society thesis and that which is critical. This involves discussion of the failure of paid working hours to fall in the second half of the twentieth century as had been predicted, and appraisal of a range of critical theoretical/conceptual issues. While the significance of the leisure society thesis as an early project of leisure studies is debatable, and it is clearly now an historical reference point rather than a current project, the question is raised as to why the leisure studies community has failed to join with others who are pursuing the cause of reduced paid working hours for all.
Veal, AJ, Toohey, K & Frawley, S 2012, 'The sport participation legacy of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and other international sporting events hosted in Australia', Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 155-184.
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The legacy of an Olympic Games in a host city or country can take a variety of forms, including non-sporting benefits, such as enhanced urban infrastructure and national and international tourism profile, and sporting benefits, such as improved sporting facilities, strengthened sports organisations and potential increases in grassroots sport participation. This paper concentrates on the last of these, particularly in regard to the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The paper examines claims by the Olympic movement concerning increased sports participation as a legacy and examines available evidence to consider whether the hosting of the Games boosted sports participation in Australia. While some estimates suggest that participation did increase following the hosting of the 2000 Olympics, the failure of relevant organisations to maintain an adequate and consistent data collection regime makes this conclusion extremely speculative. From 2001 onwards, with the existence of a more stable data collection system and increasing awareness of the idea of a sport participation legacy, it is possible to make more reliable estimates of the pattern of grassroots sports participation following the hosting of the 2003 Rugby World Cup and the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games. However, even when reliable and consistent participation data are available, the question of causality in the context of the wider sport development and participation system remains to be addressed.
Waller, DS 2012, 'A Longitudinal Study of Pro Bono Activities Reported by WPP Group', Social Marketing Quarterly, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 234-246.
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As organizations formalize their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, many firms are voluntarily disclosing these activities in their annual report. Some advertising agencies, for example, are discovering the benefits of undertaking pro bono work and reporting them in their annual reports. This article uses a longitudinal approach to observe the pro bono activities presented in the annual reports of the largest advertising agency holding company in the world, WPP Group. The amount of “social investment” has been disclosed in the annual reports including details of the financial cost of pro bono activities and the types of organizations that are the recipients. This study provides an insight into the disclosed pro bono activities of a major organization across a 10-year period (2000–2009).
Waller, DS 2012, ''Truth in Advertising': The Beginning of Advertising Ethics in Australia', JOURNAL OF MASS MEDIA ETHICS, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 46-56.
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In Australia, as in many countries, the early advertising industry had a poor reputation for honesty. However, in 1920 "truth in advertising" and raising ethical behavior became the focus of the Second Convention of Advertising Men of Australasia, held in Sydney. This was a major event in Australia's advertising history and was seen as a way to legitimize the industry in the eyes of those who doubted advertising's honesty. This paper will look at the Sydney Advertising Convention, with particular reference to quotes from presenters and the establishment of self-regulatory bodies, to help gain an insight into the beginning of a system to observe ethical behavior in advertising.
Wang, KY, Clegg, S & Xu, E 2012, 'Bribery and Heterogeneous Networks as Strategies for SME Resource Acquisition in Emerging Economies', Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 12189-12189.
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Wei, L & Xiao, J 2012, 'Factors affecting the take-off of innovative technologies: evidence from digital cameras', Applied Economics, vol. 44, no. 32, pp. 4143-4152.
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While technological innovations are important for many industries, takeoff sales for innovative products can have long lead times due to a variety of factors. This article identifies the main parameters affecting digital camera take-off sales in the US between 2001 and 2004. The study constructs an empirical model for film and digital camera shipments and finds that digital cameras primarily served as a substitute for low-end film compacts rather than high-end film Single-Lens Reflex (SLR) cameras. Also, growth in household PC ownership and Windows XP market share were the main contributing factors to the decline of film cameras, with PC penetration rate as the most important factor for digital camera diffusion. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.
Wells, PA, Waller, DS & Lanis, R 2012, 'TV Licenses in Australia: Barriers to competition, big bucks and the impact of new media', Australian Journal of Communication, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 59-72.
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Commercial television licences are awarded to television companies by the Federal Government and are the mechanism through which the industry is regulated in Australia. Major considerations in the design of this regulation system are that the industry should be 'financially viable' and, for reasons of maintaining 'cultural identity', encourage the production of local content. However, restricting the availability of television licences also represents a significant barrier to competition within the industry, which has resulted in high returns to the owners of the licences, although this has changed significantly with the growth of new media. This study considers the television licensing system in Australia, and how this is changing in the new media environment
Wieder, B, Ossimitz, M & Chamoni, P 2012, 'The Impact of Business Intelligence Tools on Performance: A User Satisfaction Paradox?', International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 7-32.
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While Business Intelligence (BI) initiatives have been a top-priority of CIOs around the world for several years, accounting for billions of USD of IT investments per annum (IDC), academic research on the actual bene?ts derived from BI tools and the drivers of these bene?ts remain sparse. This paper reports the ?ndings of an exploratory, cross-sectional ?eld study investigating the factors that de?ne and drive bene?ts associated with the deployment of dedicated BI tools. BI is broadly de?ned as an analytical process which transforms fragmented data of enterprises and markets into action-oriented information or knowledge about objectives, opportunities and positions of an organization; BI tools are software products primarily designed and deployed to support this analytical process (e.g. data warehouse software, data mining software, digital dashboards applications).
Wright, S, Dyball, MC, Byers, P & Radich, R 2012, 'Preparing Students for an International Career: The Case for Contextualizing and Integrating Ethics Education', Asian Social Science, vol. 8, no. 14, pp. 97-108.
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A key aim of IFAC (International Federation of Accountants)'s International Education Standard 4 (IES4) is to raise the ethical awareness of candidates preparing for careers as accounting professionals. This paper reports the results of a survey of undergraduate accounting students at an Australian university, and develops an approach for the implementation of IES4 in business schools with culturally diverse student populations. The survey asks students at different stages of their programs about the contribution of tertiary education to their ethical ideas, drawing conclusions based on their culture, year of study, career intentions, age and gender. It then suggests ways of teaching ethics that value and integrate students' diverse experiences and cultural backgrounds, as well as their existing knowledge. Such initiatives could expand the horizons of students from all cultural backgrounds by increasing their cultural sensitivity and awareness of ethics as an issue of relevance to their professional careers.
Young, KL 2012, 'Transnational regulatory capture? An empirical examination of the transnational lobbying of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision', Review of International Political Economy, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 663-688.
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In January 2008, institutions across the G-lO countries responsible for regulating banks within their jurisdictions implemented the new Basel Capital Accord, now commonly known as Basel II. This new standard for bank regulation replaces the first Basel Accord adopted in 1988 and introduces several innovations designed to improve the effectiveness of bank regulation and to reduce the likelihood of large bank collapses and the associated possibility of financial instability. Such a new policy framework has important implications for welfare and interest rate policy. A framework that successfully reduces the occurrence of financial crises is also likely to reduce the number of damaging episodes of economic downturn (such as that recently observed in the United States as a result of the subprime crisis) 'and the frequency with which monetary policy needs to be called upon to repair the damage of such downturns. Because interest rates affect the distribution of income, these changes also have potential political economy implications.
Yu, KH 2012, 'Formal organizations and identity groups in social movements', Human Relations, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 753-776.
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Formal organizations advancing the goals of identity-based social movements and identity groups have become increasingly interdependent. The former often lacks legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders and the latter typically possesses insufficient organizational capacity. In principle, the transfer of ideas and resources between formal organizations in social movements and social identity groups can result in organizational innovation that revives the formal organization while at the same time enhancing the status of the identity group. But in practice, collaborations between formal organizations and identity groups often result in identity groups being overpowered by formal organizations. This article compares outcomes for identity groups in two cases of trade unions adopting the causes of identity-based social movements to examine the role of organizational processes in explaining outcomes for identity group members. The findings from the comparative cases analyzed here suggest that identity group members must be able to influence organizational processes in order to impact how they are incorporated into the formal organization. © The Author(s) 2012.
Yu, K-H 2012, 'Formal organizations and identity groups in social movements', Human Relations, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 753-776.
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Formal organizations advancing the goals of identity-based social movements and identity groups have become increasingly interdependent. The former often lacks legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders and the latter typically possesses insufficient organizational capacity. In principle, the transfer of ideas and resources between formal organizations in social movements and social identity groups can result in organizational innovation that revives the formal organization while at the same time enhancing the status of the identity group. But in practice, collaborations between formal organizations and identity groups often result in identity groups being overpowered by formal organizations. This article compares outcomes for identity groups in two cases of trade unions adopting the causes of identity-based social movements to examine the role of organizational processes in explaining outcomes for identity group members. The findings from the comparative cases analyzed here suggest that identity group members must be able to influence organizational processes in order to impact how they are incorporated into the formal organization.
Zaman, T, Paul, SK & Azeem, A 2012, 'Sustainable operator assignment in an assembly line using genetic algorithm', International Journal of Production Research, vol. 50, no. 18, pp. 5077-5084.
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ZHANG, J & CASARI, M 2012, 'HOW GROUPS REACH AGREEMENT IN RISKY CHOICES: AN EXPERIMENT', Economic Inquiry, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 502-515.
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Zlatevska, N & Spence, MT 2012, 'Do Violent Social Cause Advertisements Promote Social Change? An Examination of Implicit Associations', PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 322-333.
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Violent content is used in social cause advertising campaigns as a means of discouraging antisocial attitudes and behaviors, despite the fact that findings regarding the effectiveness of including violence in advertisements are equivocal. The present research explores the efficacy of violent advertisements by investigating how such ads affect implicit associations with violent words/acts. The importance of implicit associations is that they can affect judgments and behaviors long after explicit memory for the advertisement has decayed. The findings of the research point to the prevalence of individual differences in response to violent ads. Specifically, social cause advertisements are effective in weakening implicit associations with violence for nonaggressive individuals, as would be desired. However, these campaigns strengthen implicit associations for aggressive individuals. Ameliorating their aggressive associations would be advantageous both to the individual and society; however, the results suggest such advertisements make matters worse. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
