Adair, D 1996, 'Respectable, Sober, and Industrious? Attitudes to Alcohol in Early Colonial Adelaide', Labour History, no. 70, pp. 131-131.
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Adair, D 1996, 'Respectable, Sober, and Industrious? Attitudes to Alcohol in Early Colonial Adelaide.1', Labour History, no. 70, pp. 131-155.
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Awati, KM & Howes, T 1996, 'Question ♯52. Group velocity and energy propagation', American Journal of Physics, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 1353-1353.
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Awati, KM & Howes, T 1996, 'Stationary waves on cylindrical fluid jets', American Journal of Physics, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 808-811.
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An obstacle in the path of a water jet emerging from a tap gives rise to a stationary wave pattern upstream of the obstacle. In this paper, the wavelengths and the damping coefficients of these waves are calculated for various jet radii and velocities. The calculations indicate that the wavelength decreases and the damping coefficient increases with increasing jet velocity, in qualitative agreement with observations.
Awati, KM & Howes, T 1996, 'Surfactant Induced Stationary Modes on a Cylindrical Fluid Jet', Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 344-346.
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Beckmann, E, Devlin, P & Wearing, S 1996, 'Interpretation in Environmental Education—An Introduction to the Papers in this Issue', Australian Journal of Environmental Education, vol. 12, pp. 1-2.
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The sub-editorial group which considered the interpretation papers in the following section consisted of Elizabeth Beckmann, who provided the introduction below, Pat Devlin and Stephen Wearing.Environmental interpretation occurs as part of the educational continuum that ranges from simple awareness-raising sought by promotional activities to the major attitudinal shifts often pursued in environmental lifestyle education. Interpretation has long been seen by natural resource managers and others not only as “an educational activity…to reveal meaning and relationships” (Tilden 1977) but also as a means of creating “a desire to contribute to environmental conservation” (Aldridge 1974). In 1996 how are we using interpretive theory, techniques and programs to contribute towards developing the cutting edge of environmental education?
Bennett, JM & Edwards, JJ 1996, 'A graph isomorphism algorithm using pseudoinverses', BIT, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 41-53.
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For a graph of m nodes and n edges, an algorithm for testing the isomorphism of graphs is given. The complexity of the algorithm is a maximum of O(mn(2)) in almost all cases, with a considerable reduction if sparsity is exploited. If isomorphism is prese
Chan, KKW, Mccolough, DW & Skully, MT 1996, 'Australian dividend reinvestment plans: An event study on discount rates', Applied Financial Economics, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 551-561.
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Clegg, S 1996, 'American Anti-Management Theories of Organization: A Critique of Paradigm Proliferation', Australian Journal of Management, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 195-205.
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Clegg, S 1996, 'Book Reviews', Asia Pacific Business Review, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 118-120.
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Clegg, S 1996, 'The Moral Philosophy of Management: From Quesnay to KeynesThe Moral Philosophy of Management: From Quesnay to Keynes, by Guillet de MonthouxPierre Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 1993.', Academy of Management Review, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 867-871.
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Clegg, S, Frost, PJ & Stablein, RE 1996, 'Doing Exemplary Research.', Contemporary Sociology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 445-445.
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Dunphy, D 1996, 'Organizational Change in Corporate Settings', Human Relations, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 541-552.
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Dunphy, D & Bryant, B 1996, 'Teams: Panaceas or Prescriptions for Improved Performance?', Human Relations, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 677-699.
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This paper addresses the contribution of teams to organizational performance. It distinguishes between three types of team attributes: technical expertise, self-management, and self-leadership, reviewing each attribute and assessing its relative contribution to three aspects of organizational performance: cost, value, and innovation. The paper also addresses the issue of the relatively neglected factor of the development costs of establishing and maintaining such groups and advocates a more rigorous approach to making a cost/benefit analysis before instituting teams. Finally, the paper advances a model of team development based on team attributes and performance objectives. Overall, therefore, this paper advances a classification of team attributes which is intended to facilitate team design and development, and which is potentially applicable to all teams in organizations.
Eddey, PH, Lee, KW & Taylor, SL 1996, 'WHAT MOTIVATES GOING PRIVATE?: AN ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN FIRMS', Accounting & Finance, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 31-50.
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AbstractWe investigate going private transactions in Australia between 1988 and 1991. Approximately ten percent of all takeovers during this period are instances of going private. In contrast to studies of similar transactions in the United States, we find no direct evidence to support a free cash flow explanation for going private, although going private is frequently preceded by the threat of a takeover offer. However, the free cash flow explanation for going private may not be applicable in Pacific Basin countries where exchange‐traded investment activity is in relatively high growth sectors and foreign ownership accounts for a large part of those investment sectors where managerial abuse of free cash flow has been alleged.
Forsyth, P & Dwyer, L 1996, 'Tourism in the Asian‐Pacific Region', Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 13-22.
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Tourism has been growing rapidly in the Asian‐Pacific region, outward tourism propelled by rising incomes and inward tourism by falling airfares. This article draws on recent literature to describe the development of the tourist industry in the region and government policies concerning tourism. It discusses some of the industry's problems, such as environmental effects, shortage of appropriate skills and changes in competitiveness, especially for Japan and Singapore.
JONES, G & SAVAGE, E 1996, 'An Evaluation of Income Splitting with Variable Female Labour Supply*', Economic Record, vol. 72, no. 218, pp. 224-235.
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Debate on the tax unit in Australia often involves claims that a system which allows spouses to split their incomes for the purposes of taxation is superior to an individual based system. In this paper we estimate a female labour supply model on data for married couples and use it to simulate the effects of a switch from the 1985/86 progressive individual personal income tax system to one allowing full income splitting. We analyze distributional outcomes and, at least as far as female labour supply is concerned, change in the excess burden of the tax system. The impacts depend upon the way in which the policy is made revenue neutral. We consider two tax replacement scenarios. We quantify the impact on female hours of work and investigate how welfare impacts vary by household characteristics.
Latimer, J, Goodsell, MM, Lee, M, Maher, CG, Wilkinson, BN & Moran, CC 1996, 'Evaluation of a New Device for Measuring Responses to Posteroanterior Forces in a Patient Population, Part 1: Reliability Testing', Physical Therapy, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 158-165.
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Latimer, J, Lee, M & Adams, R 1996, 'The effect of training with feedback on physiotherapy students' ability to judge lumbar stiffness', Manual Therapy, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 266-270.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that manual judgments of lumbar posteroanterior (PA) stiffness show poor reliability. One explanation for this poor reliability may be that the method of training students using feedback provided by physiotherapy tutors is ineffective. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether immediate quantitative feedback, provided from a highly reliable mechanical device, could improve physiotherapy students' ability to judge lumbar PA stiffness. Four physiotherapy student raters assessed 75 stiffness stimuli (provided by the lumbar spines of asymptomatic volunteers) during pre-test, training and post test sessions held over a 3 week period. During the training sessions raters were provided with accurate and immediate feedback regarding each judgment of PA stiffness at the L3 vertebral level of asymptomatic lumbar spines. No significant difference in mean absolute error between the pre and post tests was found (P = 0.31). Provision of information about the true PA stiffness of each lumbar spine judged, therefore, did not improve the accuracy of physiotherapy students' judgments of lumbar stiffness.
Latimer, J, Lee, M, Adams, R & Moran, CM 1996, 'An investigation of the relationship between low back pain and lumbar posteroanterior stiffness.', J Manipulative Physiol Ther, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 587-591.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and lumbar posteroanterior (PA) stiffness. DESIGN: A repeated-measures design was used to measure lumbar posteroanterior stiffness on two occasions in subjects with and without LBP. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five subjects with acute or subacute LBP and twenty-five pain-free subjects participated. Pain subjects reported pain on the application of a manual PA force to the lumbar spine and had no contraindication to PA stiffness testing. Pain-free subjects reported no history of LBP requiring treatment, and obtained a score of 0 on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. METHODS: PA stiffness was measured in subjects with LBP when (a) they first presented with pain and (b) when pain had resolved by more than 80%. Pain-free subjects, matched with pain subjects on gender, age, vertebral level to be tested and time between tests, were also measured on two occasions, to control for the effects of repeated stiffness testing and the passing of time. RESULTS: In subjects with low back pain stiffness decreased by 1.21 N/mm between test 1 and test 2. A paired t test found a significant difference between the tests (t = 3.04, df = 24, p = .006). In subjects without pain, there was an increase in stiffness of 0.74 N/mm between test 1 and test 2; a paired t test found no significant difference between the tests (t = -1.673, df = 24, p = .107). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with LBP showed increased PA stiffness compared with when they had little or no pain, whereas pain-free subjects showed unchanged PA stiffness over time.
Latimer, J, Lee, M, Goodsell, M, Maher, C, Wilkinson, B & Adams, R 1996, 'Instrumented measurement of spinal stiffness', Manual Therapy, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 204-209.
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The characteristics of a safe, portable and accurate spinal stiffness testing device are described in this report. Because judgements of spinal stiffness made using manual tests have been shown to be unreliable, several mechanical devices have been designed to measure posteroanterior (PA) stiffness. One major limitation of these devices has been the inability to transport them to locations where subjects with spinal pain could be easily accessed and measured. This paper reports on the design and fabrication of a new, portable, mechanical device for measuring PA stiffness in the lumbar spine. Information regarding the safety features of the device, and contraindications for its use are provided.
Lee, M, Steven, GP, Crosbie, J & Higgs, RJED 1996, 'Towards a theory of lumbar mobilisation–the relationship between applied manual force and movements of the spine', Manual Therapy, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 67-75.
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Optimal use of lumbar mobilisation requires a theoretical knowledge of the mechanical effects that occur. When a mobilisation force is applied the target vertebra will move with accompanying intervertebral displacements at many intervertebral joints. In addition, displacements and deformations of other tissues will contribute to the movement of the skin surface under the therapist's hands. The responses can be quantified in terms of the movements of the skin surface (described by the force-displacement relation), the absolute movement of the target vertebra, or the relative intervertebral movements. There are at least seven variables related to the manner of application of the mobilisation force that can be controlled by the therapist to alter the nature of the response. The patient's response is also determined by a number of variables related to the mechanical properties of the tissues of the spine, extra-spinal structures and the interaction between the patient and the treatment couch. Currently there is a moderate amount of information available about the effects of technique variations but there is very little data to directly link variations in the properties of specific anatomical structures with variations in either absolute or relative spinal movements or tissue loads.
Lee, PJ, Taylor, SL & Walter, TS 1996, 'Australian IPO pricing in the short and long run', JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1189-1210.
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We analyse both initial underpricing and post-listing returns for Australian IPOs. Our results are consistent with the view that unique institutional characteristics may have overwhelmed previous Australian tests of equilibrium models of IPO underpricing. The results also show that Australian IPOs significantly underperform market movements in the three-year period subsequent to listing. Further investigation of these anomalous post-listing returns lead us to reject various `speculative bubble explanations. Rather, the evidence suggests a curvilinear relationship between initial and subsequent returns, although the economic significance of the relationship is low.
Lee, PJ, Taylor, SL & Walter, TS 1996, 'Expected and realised returns for Singaporean IPOs: Initial and long-run analysis', Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 153-180.
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Moreno, D & Wooders, J 1996, 'Coalition-proof equilibrium', GAMES AND ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 80-112.
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We characterize the agreements that the players of a noncooperative game may reach when they can communicate prior to play, but they cannot reach binding agreements: A coalition-proof equilibrium is a correlated strategy from which no coalition has an improving and self-enforcing deviation. We show that any correlated strategy whose support is contained in the set of actions that survive the iterated elimination of strictly dominated strategies and weakly Pareto dominates every other correlated strategy whose support is contained in that set, is a coalition-proof equilibrium. Consequently, the unique equilibrium of a dominance solvable game is coalition-proof.
Onyx, J & Benton, P 1996, 'Retirement: A Problematic Concept for Older Women', Journal of Women & Aging, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 19-34.
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The paper reports a study exploring the meaning of retirement for older professional women. The analysis is based on 50 questionnaires, and 25 indepth interviews of women between the ages of 45 and 65, all recognised high achievers in the field of human
Onyx, J & Maclean, M 1996, 'Careers in the third sector', Nonprofit Management and Leadership, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 331-345.
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AbstractThe article explores the concept of career as it relates to third‐sector employees. The results of a survey of third‐sector employees in New South Wales, Australia, suggests a distinctive pattern of work orientation involving a preference for work that is both personally challenging and socially meaningful. Pragmatic considerations are also important for women with young children. These and other findings suggest that the majority of third‐sector employees pursue a career that more closely fits Driver's spiral career model rather than the conventional linear career model. It therefore behooves nonprofit employers to tailor the organizational reward system to the motivational needs of their employees if they hope to maximize worker satisfaction and effectiveness.
Perrott, BE 1996, 'Managing strategic issues in the public service', Long Range Planning, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 337-345.
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Public sector reforms in recent years have forced managers to take stakeholder and customer interests into consideration when dealing with strategic issues. Given high levels of environmental turbulence, real time management is crititcal in dealing with issues when they emerge rather than at the annual planning review. Two normative frameworks are proposed which could guide public sector decision making on how various stakeholder and customer groups should be managed at a particular point in time, in terms of each strategic issue scheduled for priority processing. A research project was undertaken into how a major strategic issue was processed over time and was used as a basis to demonstrate how the frameworks could guide managers in developing the most effective contact strategies for specific stakeholder and customer groups at a particular point in time. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Richardson, G & Lanis, R 1996, 'Harmonizing taxation law within APEC: A fiscal and cultural analysis', Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation, vol. October, pp. 430-439.
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Over the past few years, there has been a pronounced acceleration in the trend towards economic integration in different regions of the world. The completion of the single European Market, the introduction of the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement and its subsequent expansion into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the projected completion of fhe Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) free trade region (AFTA) by the year 2003, and the declaration of the objective by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) to accomplish free trade and investment in the Asia and Pacific region by the year 2020 provide recent examples of this trend.
Veal, AJ 1996, 'LEISURE AND YOUTH-AT-RISK IN AUSTRALIA', World Leisure & Recreation, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 21-24.
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Wearing, B & Wearing, S 1996, 'Refocussing the tourist experience: the flaneur and the choraster', Leisure Studies, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 229-243.
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In current sociological analyses of tourist experience, class, race, ethnicity, age and gender are being incorporated into frameworks which initially assumed that male views of the phenomenon are universal. In this paper we seek to incorporate gender into the fundamental conceptualization of the tourist and the tourist destination. Drawing on concepts from interactionist and poststructural feminist theories we critique the male bias in the conceptualization of the tourist as ‘flaneur’ and the tourist desination as ‘image’ for the tourist gaze. A concept of the tourist destination as ‘chora’, or interactive space is offered. The tourist then becomes a creative, interacting ‘choraster’ who takes home an experience which impacts on the self in some way. We suggest that such a feminized conceptualization adds a second dimension to the one dimensional perspective which predominates in current sociological analyses of the tourist phenomenon. © 1998 British Trust for Ornithology.
Wearing, S & Larsen, L 1996, 'Assessing and managing the sociocultural impacts of ecotourism: revisiting the Santa Elena rainforest project', The Environmentalist, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 117-133.
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This paper outlines the second phase of an ecotourism project undertaken in the Santa Elena community, in the Monteverde region of Costa Rica. The community originally established a rainforest reserve with the help of Youth Challenge International in an attempt to provide a wider economic base and employment for the area. The project has been successful in the first phase in that it is now drawing an annual income of US$40 000 and it employs guides and management from the local community. In terms of the underlying principles usually aligned with ecotourism it has been successful but it is now necessary to evaluate the impacts this project is having on the community. The second phase of the project was to assess the sociocultural impacts of ecotourism on that community and the paper outlines this phase.
