Publications

Harris, R & Leiper, N 1995, Sustainable Tourism An Australian Perspective.

Wieder, B 1995, 'Die Erlösrechnung - ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Deckungsbeitragsrechnung' in SEICHT Gerhard (ed), Jahrbuch für Controlling und Rechnungswensen '95, Orac, Vienna, Austria, pp. 223-258.
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Revenue Accounting - An Approach for Improved Contribution Costing

Arthur, N & Taylor, SL 1995, 'Takeover markets and corporate board composition: some further evidence', Corporate Governance - An International Review, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 218-229.

Bhagat, RS, Erez, M & Earley, PC 1995, 'Culture, Self-Identity, and Work.', Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 539-539.
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Bugeja, M & Walter, TS 1995, 'An empirical analysis of some determinants of the target shareholder premium in takeovers', Accounting and Finance, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 33-60.
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While a considerable amount of research in Australia, the United States and elsewhere shows that takeovers create value for target shareholders, there is relatively little research investigating the explanations for cross-sectional differences in the size of the premium paid to target shareholders. This paper tests various arguments proposed to explain some of the sources of this premium. One such explanation is the removal of inefficient target management. Takeovers have been recognised as a mechanism that allows management teams to compete for the right to manage corporate assets. We test the associations between bidder and target managerial ownership (proxied by director's holdings), the prior performance of the bidder and target and the size of the premium paid to target shareholders. Other potential influences on the premium include a reduction in the agency costs of free cash flow and the provision of financial slack or reserve borrowing capacity to the target firm by the bidder. Using a sample of seventy-eight Australian takeovers occurring between 1981 and 1989 our tests indicate that the provision of financial slack to the target is associated with a significantly higher premium, while high bidder ownership results in a significantly lower premium. The premium is found to be positively related to the performance of the bidder in the period prior to the bid. The tests disclose an association between the agency costs of free cash flow and the target premium which is inconsistent with the theory, and reveal only weak evidence that the takeover premium is higher when inefficient target management is removed.

CERVONE, D & WOOD, R 1995, 'GOALS, FEEDBACK, AND THE DIFFERENTIAL INFLUENCE OF SELF-REGULATORY PROCESSES ON COGNITIVELY COMPLEX PERFORMANCE', COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 519-545.
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Clegg, S 1995, 'Review Essay: Rethinking the Company', Corporate Governance: An International Review, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 49-53.
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Thomas Clarke and Elaine Monkhouse (eds), 1994 hardback, Rethinking the Company, London: Finance Times/Pitman Publishing. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

CLEGG, S 1995, 'UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL-THEORY - LAYDER,D', SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 188-190.

Clegg, SR 1995, 'Commentaries: Parkers Mood', Organization Studies, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 565-571.
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CLEGG, SR 1995, 'PARKERS MOOD', ORGANIZATION STUDIES, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 565-571.
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Craswell, A, Francis, JR & Taylor, SL 1995, 'Auditor brand name reputation and industry specialisations', Journal of Accounting & Economics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 297-322.
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The development of both brand name reputation and industry specialization by Big 8 auditors is argued to be costly and therefore to increase audit fees. For a sample of 1484 Australian publicly listed companies we estimate audit fee premia for Big 8 auditors. On average, industry specialist Big 8 auditors earn a 34% premium over nonspecialist Big 8 auditors, and the Big 8 brand name premium over non-Big 8 auditors averages around 30%. These results support that industry expertise is a dimension of the demand for higher quality Big 8 audits and a basis for within Big 8 product differentiation.

Docherty, PT 1995, 'Endogeneity in Wicksell's monetary theory', History of Economics Review, vol. Winter, no. 23, pp. 20-36.

Earley, PC 1995, 'Of Culture, Quagmires, and Perspectives', Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 578-579.
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Earley, PC & Randel, A 1995, 'Cognitive causal mechanisms in human agency: Etic and emic considerations', Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 221-227.
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The debate over the contribution of cognitive processes in understanding human endeavor rages on in psychology despite decades of conceptual and empirical scrutiny from researchers. Recently, the construct of self efficacy has stimulated a renewal of this debate. We discuss the significance of this cognitive construct from the perspective of cross-cultural behavior. We examine the empirical evidence from a number of cross-cultural studies, and we argue that the etic quality of this construct provides strong evidence for its significance in understanding universal aspects of behavior. © 1995.

EARLEY, PC & SINGH, H 1995, 'INTERNATIONAL AND INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: WHAT'S NEXT?', Academy of Management Journal, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 327-340.
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Earley, PC & Singh, H 1995, 'International and Intercultural Management Research: What's Next?', Academy of Management Journal, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 327-340.
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Forsyth, P, Dwyer, L & Clarke, H 1995, 'Problems in use of economic instruments to reduce adverse environmental impacts of tourism', Tourism Economics, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 265-282.
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Economic instruments are often proposed as effective means of environmental control. By imposing charges or quantitative restrictions, it is possible to achieve an optimal level of usage of resources which reflects environmental costs and the benefits to the users. This paper argues that there are often significant limitations to using economic instruments, such as user pays, as a means of optimizing the environmental trade-offs which may be created by tourism, or as a means of minimizing the cost of meeting environmental constraints. The paper begins with an outline of some adverse environmental impacts of tourism. It then discusses the different instruments that might be used to control them and the criteria for choosing between them. The problems that may arise in using these instruments in tourism contexts are then examined. The paper concludes that while economic instruments may be appropriate in many situations, in some circumstances they will not be effective and other mechanisms, such as codes of environmental conduct, will play an important role in environmental protection. -from Authors

Gopalsamy, K, He, X & Sun, D 1995, 'On The Oscillatory Convergence Of Solutions Of A Neutral Delay Diffusion Equation', International Journal Of Systems Science, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 563-576.
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Sufficient conditions are obtained for the trivial solution of the initial-boundary value problem partial derivative/partial derivative t [u(t, X) - cu(t - sigma, x)] = D partial derivative(2)u(t, x)/partial derivative x(2) - au(t - tau, x) partial deriv

Gopalsamy, K, Li, J & He, XZ 1995, 'On the Construction of Periodic Solutions of Kaplan-Yorke Type for Some Differential Delay Equations', Applicable Analysis, vol. 59, no. 1-4, pp. 65-80.
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In this paper we point out the main idea to yield periodic solutions of Kaplan-Yorke type of differential delay equations. Some new sufficient conditions for the existence of Kaplan-Yorke type periodic solutions have been given. Many interesting examples are also disscused. © 1995, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

Gruen, D & Menzies, GD 1995, 'Forward discount bias: Is it near-rationality in the foreign exchange market?', Economic Record, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 157-166.

He, X 1995, 'Global attractivity of linear non-autonomous neutral differential-difference equations', Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 184-191.
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In this paper, by constructing Liapunov functionals, we study the global attractivity of linear non-autonomous neutral differential difference equation {Mathematical expression} and obtain some new easily-checked sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of the zero solution of equation (1). © 1995 Science Press, Beijing, China and Allerton Press, Inc., New York, U.S.A.

KIM, N, MAHAJAN, V & SRIVASTAVA, RK 1995, 'DETERMINING THE GOING MARKET VALUE OF A BUSINESS IN AN EMERGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY - THE CASE OF THE CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY', TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 257-279.
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Lanis, R & Patel, C 1995, 'A case study of work related values in Ukraine: Implications for designing effective organizations', Ukrainian Economic Review, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 64-79.

Lee, M & Maher, C 1995, 'Spinal models.', Physical therapy, vol. 75, no. 7, pp. 638-641.
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Lee, M, Kelly, DW & Steven, GP 1995, 'A model of spine, ribcage and pelvic responses to a specific lumbar manipulative force in relaxed subjects', Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1403-1408.
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One class of manipulative techniques commonly used during assessment and treatment of spinal disorders involves the patient lying face down while the therapist slowly applies a posteroanterior force to a selected vertebra. The aim of this investigation was to develop a model which was capable of predicting the vertebral displacements resulting from such a manipulative force, applied to the lumbar spine. A linear three-dimensional finite element model was generated using both previously published and original data to define the geometry and material properties. The complete model included the ribcage, thoraco-lumbar spine and pelvis with their associated soft tissues. The model simulated the relaxed state in a normal subject so the muscle forces were assumed to be negligible. Sensitivity analysis suggested that if the model was to be used to simulate the behaviour of individual subjects, then the model dimensions and pelvic constraints should be matched to the particular subject. The model validity was studied by comparing the predicted responses with those that have been observed in living human subjects. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with the mean observed human responses, with predicted displacements being within one standard deviation of the mean observed values. This agreement suggests that the model is useful for predicting the linear region responses to slowly applied lumbar posteroanterior forces. The simulations predicted that appreciable global vertebral displacements (up to 1.5 mm) and rotations (up to 1°) occurred as far away as the middle and lower thoracic spine during low lumbar loading. Intervertebral translations were predicted to be 1 mm or more at up to four intervertebral jonts away from the point of load application. Variation of direction of applied force was predicted to have small effects on displacement responses compared with loading at different lumbar levels. © 1995.

Matolcsy, ZP & Pazmandy, G 1995, 'Predicting half-yearly accounting income numbers with statistical models', Australian Accounting Review, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 56-63.
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Prediction of half-yearly accounting income numbers has an important role in investment analysis, credit ratings, budgeting, auditing and other areas of the accounting and finance profession. This study provides the Australian evidence on two issues: the statistical relationship between half-yearly accounting income numbers such as earnings per share, net profit and sales; and the ability of statistical models to predict these numbers. The study finds that the best way to predict the next period's half-yearly accounting income numbers is to use the immediately preceding half-yearly income number, and for inflation-adjusted sales the corresponding previous half-yearly figures, or to use a statistical model based on the immediately preceding half-yearly figure adjusted by a statistically based "smoothing constant".

Menzies, GD 1995, 'Can altruism aid the jobs compact?', Economic Papers, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 11-16.

Onyx, J & Maclean, M 1995, 'Career Progression In The Community Sector', Australian Journal Of Social Issues, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 55-70.
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This article presents the results of preliminary research into the nature of career progression within the community sector in NSW, using a supply-side analysis and drawing on the experience of 200 community sector workers over the past 10 years. Contrar

Onyx, J, Leonard, R & Vivekananda, K 1995, 'Social-perception Of Power - A Gender Analysis', Perceptual And Motor Skills, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 291-296.
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A 2x2 factorial design using an open-ended response format examined the social perception of power in terms of the gender of the powerful person and gender of the perceiver. There were 125 men and 140 women, drawn from a variety of university courses (bu

POLONSKY, MJ & WALLER, DS 1995, 'DOES WINNING ADVERTISING AWARDS PAY - THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE', JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 25-35.

Savage, EJ & Hart, A 1995, 'Environmental policy and the theory of second best', Economic Papers, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1-15.
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Over the past two decades there has been growing interest in environmental policy. Lobbying by conservationists and growing community concern over pollution and the degradation of the natural environment have stimulated governments to address problems of externalities more seriously. In this policy debate the views of economists are becoming increasingly prominent. There is little doubt that economics has an important contribution to make in environmental policy, however the dominant economists' view represents quite a restricted subset of the relevant economic theory.

Sinha, A & Larson, P 1995, 'The TQM Impact: A Study of Quality Managers’ Perception', Quality Management Journal, vol. Spring, pp. 53-67.

Tarditi, A & Menzies, GD 1995, 'Monthly movements in the Australian dollar and real short-term interest differentials: An application of the Kalman filter', Journal of Foreign Exchange and International Finance, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 396-417.

Viner, A & Lee, M 1995, 'Direction of manual force applied during assessment of stiffness in the lumbosacral spine', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 441-447.
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Objective: To measure the angle of applied manual force during assessment of posteroanterior stiffness in the lumbosacral spine. Design: Ten physiotherapists with bachelor's degrees in physiotherapy and postgraduate qualifications in manipulative physiotherapy assessed stiffness at 6 lumbosacral vertebral levels in a controlled order. Two pain free subjects acted as patients. Setting: A university biomechanics laboratory. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Applied force vector angles in the sagittal plane. Results: The physiotherapists all varied the direction of the force they applied so that it was directed slightly toward the feet at the lower vertebral levels and more toward the head as they moved up the spine. There was a significant difference between the direction of the applied force vector angles at each vertebral level (p < .0001). The direction of force used was also significantly different for the two patients (p = .0067). The forces used by the physiotherapists were applied in directions more vertical than if forces had been applied in directions perpendicular to the surface curves of the two patients. Conclusion: The direction of the force applied by the physiotherapists in this study when assessing posteroanterior stiffness varied significantly between vertebral levels and seemed to take into account the individual shape of the lumbosacral curve of each patient.

Young, L & Denize, S 1995, 'A concept of commitment: Alternative views of relational continuity in business service relationships', Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 22-37.
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Lim, S 1995, 'The political costs of firms subjected to a prices surveillance regime', University of Melbourne, Melbourne.

Lim, S 1995, 'The political costs of firms subjected to regulatory processes: A longitudinal and cross-sectional investigation', University of Queensland, Toowoomba.

Lim, S 1995, 'The political costs of firms subjected to regulatory processes: A longitudinal and cross-sectional investigation', University of Western Australia, Perth.

Collins, J 1995, 'Immigration and Labor Government in Australia: 1983-95'.
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The aim of this article is to review the track record of the Labor Government (1983-9S) on matters related to immigration and ethnic diversity. The article first reviews the changes in the size and composition of immigration intakes since 1983 and looks at the controversies surrounding the refugee and business migration programs. It then reviews the Labor record on multiculturalism and settlement issues, including the issues of citizenship and racism. The major immigration reports commissioned by Labor, the Review of Migrant and Multicultural Programs and Services, the Commillee to Advise on Australia's Immigration Policies, as also critically reviewed. The major immigration debates of the period of Labor office are canvassed, as are the changing socio-economic circumstances of Australia's immigrants over the Labor period.

Collins, J & Reid, C 1995, 'Chinese in Australia 1945-1994: Changing Patterns of Migration, Racialisation and Opportunity'.
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This paper traces the experiences of Chinese in Australia from 1945 to 1994. Australia is one o£ the four major countries of migration in the world: Over 40°/o of the population today are first or second generation migrants. Chinese migration bas been restricted by the White Australia Policy, which was abandoned in 1972. Today, more migrants come from Asia - many ethnic Chinese - than from any other region. From unwanted aliens two decades ago, Asian migrants are now sought for their skills and capital. Moreover, Australia now aims to have greater economic, political and cultural links with China and other Asian countries. This paper looks at the changing patterns of Chinese migration and the changing nature of the processes of racialisation that have shaped Chinese settlement in Australia for more than 100 years. It also traces the changes in the socioeconomic profile of Australia's Chinese to establish the opportunities in areas, such as education, the labour market and small business, that Chinese people have in contemporary Australian life.