Publications

Bainton, B 1999, Commercial Computing Using Microsoft Office.

Collins, J & Castillo, A 1999, Cosmopolitan Sydney: Explore the World in One City, 1, Comerford & Miller, UK.

Pazmandy, G 1999, Business Modelling, 5, Tekniks Publications, Vaucluse, NSW.

Summers, A 1999, Ducks on the Pond An Autobiography, 1945-1976, Viking Books.
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Autobiography that tells of the author's childhood as a Catholic schoolgirl in South Australia, her early succession of low-paid jobs, her involvement in the women's liberation movement and her career as an award-winning journalist.

Wearing, SL 1999, Ecotourism: impacts, potential and possibilities, (Korean Edition), Packsan, Seoul.

Wearing, SL & Neil, J 1999, Ecotourism: Impacts, Potentials and Possibilities, 1st, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, UK.

Whittred, G, Zimmer, I & Taylor, SL 1999, Financial accounting: Incentive effects and economic consequences, 5, Harcourt Brace, Sydney.

Wieder, B 1999, Kosten- und Erloesrechnung im Marketing-Accounting - ein integriertes Konzept des internen Rechnungswesens, Gabler/DUV, Wiesbaden, Germany.
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Cost and Revenue Accounting in the Marketing Accounting Concept - An Integrated Approach

Clegg, SR, Hardy, C & Nord, WR 1999, 'Introduction: Organizational Issues' in Managing Organizations: Current Issues, SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 1-10.
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Clegg, SR, Ibarra-Colado, E & Bueno-Rodriquez, L 1999, 'Introduction' in Global Management: Universal Theories and Local Realities, SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 1-16.
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Amir, R & Wooders, J 1999, 'Effects of one-way spillovers on market shares, industry price, welfare, and R & D cooperation', JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 223-249.
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With one-way spillovers, the standard symmetric two-period R & D model leads to an asymmetric equilibrium only, with endogeneous innovator and imitator roles. We show how R & D decisions and measures of firm heterogeneity-market shares, R & D shares, and profits-depend on spillovers and on R & D costs. While a joint lab always improves on consumer welfare, it yields higher profits, cost reductions, and social welfare only under extra assumptions, beyond those required with multidirectional spillovers. Finally, the novel issue of optimal R & D cartels is addressed. We show an optimal R & D cartel may seek to minimize R & D spillovers between its members.

BAJADA, C 1999, 'Estimates of the Underground Economy in Australia', Economic Record, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 369-384.
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In an age of tighter government regulation, many individuals and businesses are distorting our notion of the size of the Australian economy by actively participating in the underground economy. The consequences are clear: policy makers have imperfect knowledge on the state of economic affairs. Although there exists considerable international literature on the size of the underground economy, academics and public officials alike appear to have paid little attention to the extent of illicit economic behaviour in Australia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first known time‐series estimate of the size of the Australian underground economy and to illustrate that its existence has implications for the nature of the business cycle in Australia.

Budd, M, Adair, D, Lenskyj, H, Silk, M, Wedgwood, N, Russell, D, Boyle, R, Sage, GH, Guttmann, A & Nash, R 1999, 'Book reviews', Culture, Sport, Society, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 127-145.
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Carson, SJ, Devinney, TM, Dowling, GR & John, G 1999, 'Understanding institutional designs within marketing value systems', JOURNAL OF MARKETING, vol. 63, pp. 115-130.
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Clarke, T & Clegg, S 1999, 'Changing Paradigms in Public Service Management', Administrative Theory & Praxis, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 485-490.
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Analysis of changing paradigms in public sector management in recent decades

Clegg, S 1999, 'Globalizing the Intelligent Organization', Management Learning, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 259-280.
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This article contrasts exploratory with exploitative learning, in order to argue for the importance of both-not just the latter. It considers three case studies briefly: Microsoft, Berlei and Patricks. While Microsoft may often be thought of as the epitome of an `intelligent' organization, the company has a reputation for unreliable products. Although the employees at the Lithgow plant of Berlei achieved world's best practice, their jobs were exported offshore, on the basis of the learning that they had achieved for the company. In the case of Patricks we can see the effect of managerial cleverness (advised by some of the best legal and accounting expertise available), producing fundamentally flawed attempts at re-organization that failed to consider the social, political or organizational dimensions or consequences of the type of learning unleashed. At the same time, this article argues a particular case for organization studies that situates itself within a classical tradition of sociology that stretches from Max Weber, through C. Wright Mills, to the present.

Clegg, S 1999, 'Informal Learning in the Workplace:', Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1-4.
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Clegg, S 1999, 'Max Weber and Michel Foucault: Parallel life works', SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 175-180.

Clegg, SR, Linstead, S & Sewell, G 1999, 'Only Penguins: A Polemic on Organization Theory from the Edge of the World', Organization Studies, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 103-117.
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The paper is a reflection on some of the conditions associated with being an Australian Management scholar in the Organization Studies field.

Devinney, TM & Dowling, GR 1999, 'Getting the piper to play a better tune: Understanding and resolving advertiser-agency conflicts', Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 19-58.

Dwyer, L, Forsyth, P & Rao, P 1999, 'Tourism price competitiveness and journey purpose', Turizam, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 283-299.
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Changing prices in particular destinations relative to others are regarded as the most important economic influence on destination shares of total international tourism flows. While earlier research has recognised that a destination's price competitiveness differs according to a visitor's country of origin there has been relatively little attention paid to tourism price competitiveness from the perspective of those having different motives for travel. The paper demonstrates that the price competitiveness of tourism destinations vary according to journey purpose. While Australia is used as the base country for construction of price competitiveness indices, the method used is of general applicability.

Eddey, PH & Taylor, SL 1999, 'Directors’ Recommendations on Takeover Bids and the Management of Earnings: Evidence from Australian Takeovers', Abacus, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 29-45.
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This article investigates whether Australian companies manage their earnings during takeover bids in a manner consistent with the earnings‐management hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that directors who reject a bid use accrual accounting to increase current earnings, supporting their claim that the bid, relative to earnings, is inadequate. Likewise, directors who accept a bid are predicted to use accrual accounting to decrease current earnings. Overall, the results are not consistent with the earnings‐management hypothesis. However, some components of unexpected accruals (our proxy for managed earnings) change in the direction predicted by the earnings‐management hypothesis, although these changes are not statistically significant. Using industry adjusted performance measures the conclusion is that unexpected accruals are primarily a manifestation of poor financial performance of target firms in the period leading up to the takeover bid.

Fam, KS & Waller, DS 1999, 'Factors in winning accounts: The views of agency account directors in New Zealand', JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 21-32.

Gabriel, Y 1999, 'Do organizations have feelings?', MANAGEMENT LEARNING, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 106-108.

Goldbaum, D 1999, 'A nonparametric examination of market information: application to technical trading rules', Journal of Empirical Finance, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 59-85.
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This paper develops a nonparametric approach for testing whether an information set is useful for generating greater stock market returns. The approach is model free and thus the test of the information does not depend on the particular assumptions of an asset pricing model. Assuming No Arbitrage, a stochastic discount factor (SDF) is constructed from observed market assets. This SDF can be used as a pricing operator for examining dynamic portfolio returns to indicate the information content in the underlying trading strategy. Trading strategies based on technical trading rules are examined with the developed approach.

Haas, M 1999, 'A Critique of Patient Satisfaction', Health Information Management, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 9-13.
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Measures of patient satisfaction have been developed primarily so that patients could furnish health care providers and services with feedback on the quality of health care provided to them. However, the theoretical underpinnings of the concept of patient satisfaction are under-developed and the framework within which patient satisfaction has evolved is considered by some to be in need of review and overhaul. In this article, the concept and measurement of patient satisfaction is critically reviewed. Potentially better ways of asking patients (and their families and carers) to describe and/or assess their care are suggested.

Haas, M 1999, 'Commentary on McKenzie therapy and manipulation have similar effects and costs and provide only marginally better outcomes than an educational booklet', Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 46.

Haas, M 1999, 'The relationship between expectations and satisfaction: a qualitative study of patients' experiences of surgery for gynaecological cancer', Health Expectations, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 51-60.
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It is important that a patient perspective is introduced to the identification and measurement of the outcomes of health care. The aim of this study was to use qualitative methods to examine the presence or absence of expectations prior to the experience of health care and the relationship between expectations, satisfaction and dissatisfaction in a group of women undergoing surgery in a large teaching hospital. Nineteen women with a diagnosis of gynaecological cancer were interviewed on two occasions, before and after surgery. A thematic analysis was undertaken. The results suggest that there is not a clear relationship between expectations and satisfaction. Women had different levels of expectations about different types of care and different aspects of care. Unfulfilled expectations did not lead to less satisfaction. The women were able to express satisfaction either with the care overall or with specific aspects of care, as well as being able to distinguish aspects of care with which they were dissatisfied.

Haas, MR 1999, 'Mckenzie Therapy And Manipulation Have Similar Effects And Costs And Provide Only Marginally Better Outcomes Than An Educational Booklet - Commentary', Australian Journal Of Physiotherapy, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 48-48.
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Objective To examine relative costs and effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation, McKenzie therapy and an educational booklet as treatments for low back pain. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Two primary care clinics in the United States of

Hay, G, Mackay, ME, Awati, KM & Park, Y 1999, 'Pressure and temperature effects in slit rheometry', Journal of Rheology, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1099-1116.
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We present an approximate theoretical treatment of pressure and viscous heating effects on the flow of a power law fluid through a slit die. It is assumed that the flow remains one dimensional, and the accuracy of this approximation is checked via finite element simulations of the complete momentum and energy equations. For pressures typically achieved in the laboratory it is seen that the one dimensional approximation compares well with the simulations. The model therefore offers a method of including pressure and viscous heating effects in the analysis of experiments and is used to rationalize experimentally obtained pressure profiles for the flow of polymer melts through a slit die. Data for the flow of a linear low density polyethylene and a polystyrene melt in a slit die show these two effects are significant under normal laboratory conditions. Thus, the shear stress–shear rate curves will be affected to the point of being inaccurate at high shear rates. In addition, it is found that the typical technique to correct for a pressure dependent viscosity is also inaccurate being affected by the viscous heating and heat transfer from the melt to the die.

Lam, PHL & Tong, WHS 1999, 'Interdaily Volatility in a Continuous Order‐Driven Market', Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, vol. 26, no. 7-8, pp. 1013-1036.
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Since Amihud and Mendelson (1987) documented a higher open‐to‐open return volatility compared to close‐to‐close return volatility in the US market, there have been various explanations offered, such as call auction opening, a long halt of trade, and specialist systems. No consensus has been reached so far. As an order‐driven dealership market, the Hong Kong stock market provides another dimension for examination. If halt of trade is the major cause of the open‐to‐open volatility in the Hong Kong market, this volatility should also be higher. This is not observed. Positive autocorrelation of the open‐to‐open return series also suggests that there is no temporary price deviation at market opening. We view these as consistent with the specialist argument put forth by Stoll and Whaley (1990).

Laskowski, MC & Slonim, RL 1999, 'An Asymptotic Solution for Sealed Bid Common-Value Auctions with Bidders Having Asymmetric Information', Games and Economic Behavior, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 238-255.
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Lee, PJ, Stokes, DJ, Taylor, SL & Walter, TS 1999, 'The Association Between Audit Quality, Accounting Disclosures and Firm-Specific Risk: Evidence from the Australian IPO Market', Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 377-400.
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In an environment where expected litigation costs were relatively low and the provision of forward-looking accounting information was voluntary (Australia), we show that IPO firms voluntarily providing an earnings forecast within the offer document are significantly more likely to use a high quality auditor, consistent with the signaling role of auditor attestation being at least partially dependent on the extent of voluntary, audited disclosures. Any trade-off between auditor choice with either firm risk or retained ownership is confined to smaller IPOs and/or those using less prestigious underwriters, which are also those where support for the signaling role of auditors (and voluntary disclosure) is evident using a valuation model. Our results highlight the failure of 'stylised' signaling models such as [Datar et al. (1991); Hughes (1986)] to recognize extensive interaction between various mechanisms, resulting in multiple signaling equilibria. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lee, PJ, Taylor, SL & Walter, TS 1999, 'IPO underpricing explanations: Implications from investor application and allocation schedules', JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 425-444.
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Mandle, B 1999, 'BOOK REVIEW: Daryl Adair and Wray Vamplew.SPORT IN AUSTRALIAN HISTORY.Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998.', Victorian Studies, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 352-353.
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Mandle, B 1999, 'Sport in Australian history', VICTORIAN STUDIES, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 352-353.

Maree, T, Odendaal, JA & Van de Venter, TW 1999, 'Hedging currency risk in emerging markets', Accounting and Finance Update, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 19-20.

Menzies, GD 1999, 'ALICE IN ACADEMIA', Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 95-95.
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Onyx, J 1999, 'VI. Power between Women in Organizations', Feminism & Psychology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 417-421.
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Onyx, J & Dovey, K 1999, 'Cohabitation in the time of cholera: praxis in the community sector in the era of corporate capitalism', Community Development Journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 179-190.
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This paper is a response to Gary Craig's (1998) overview of the current state of the community sector within a global corporate capitalist economy. It attempts two things: firstly, to contribute to an analysis of the factors underlying the current state of, what Craig (ibid: 2) calls, 'ideological confusion' within and beyond the sector, by exploring the various contradictory ideological strands that have accompanied the project of modernization, and their relative status at the end of the millennium. Secondly, the paper revives the concept of praxis, as an appropriate methodology for action by those in the community sector, and identifies key strategic issues - those of the current economic rationalist policies of the state and of state enticement of the sector into collaborative ventures - that the sector needs to consider in taking strategic action to place its narrative of social justice and equity back on the state agenda.

Oost, EJ & Van de Venter, TW 1999, 'Bond market risk (Part 1): The traditional measurement approaches', Accounting and Finance Update, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 10-12.

Oost, EJ & Van de Venter, TW 1999, 'Bond market risk (Part 2): Value-at-Risk', Accounting and Finance Update, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 21-24.

Orssatto, RJ & Clegg, SR 1999, 'The Political Ecology of Organizations', Organization & Environment, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 263-279.
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The authors propose a framework to analyze the terrain of political relationships and actions in which environmental strategies and practices are embedded. The framework constitutes the political ecology of organizations. The concept of an organizational field is proposed as the optimal level for the analysis of business-environment relationships. Central to the framework is an anatomy of power (a mapping of the structuring of power relations). The framework is applied to the automobile industry. Initially, the influential approach of double dividends is analyzed from the perspective of political ecology. The main theoretical elements of the framework are subsequently introduced by using empirical examples of experiments with alternative cars (lightweight electric vehicles) and modes of transportation (car sharing) drawn from the Western European context. Through the use of the framework, one can identify the pressure points that are capable of fundamentally transforming the automobile system and, more generally, other macro systems of production and consumption.

Rhodes, C 1999, 'Book Reviews : John Garrick (1998) Informal learning in the workplace: Unmasking human resource development London: Routledge, xi + 212pp', Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 118-120.
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Rhodes, C, Morari, M & Wiggins, S 1999, 'Identification of low order manifolds: Validating the algorithm of Maas and Pope', Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 108-123.
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The algorithm of Reference 1992 is presented as a method for identification of invariant reduced-order manifolds for stable systems which exhibit dynamics with a time-scale separation. While this method has been published previously in the literature, theoretical justification for the algorithm was not presented in the original work. Here, it will be shown rigorously that the algorithm correctly identifies the slow manifold. Before the theoretical results are presented, a brief background on the behavior of singularly perturbed systems is presented. The algorithm of Reference 1992 is then introduced. This method will be applied to two different examples, a distillation column and a two-phase chemical reactor. For each of these examples, the resulting reduced-order description will be compared to other standard methods of producing reduced-order models. In addition, some preliminary thoughts on how this method can be used to form reduced-order models are presented.

Rura‐Polley, T & Clegg, S 1999, 'Managing Collaborative Quality: A Challenging Innovation', Creativity and Innovation Management, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 37-47.
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This paper investigates the theoretical challenges involved in developing an administrative innovation: managing collaborative quality. The emergence of new collaborative organizational forms has left managers in a quandary: how can they manage quality where several organizations come together to produce a product or deliver a service? In the past most quality definitions and techniques focused exclusively on intra‐organizational quality. In strategic alliances, networks, project organizations and other collaborative arrangements, such an intra‐organizational focus leads to severe limitations. This paper shows how the current status of collaboration and quality research poses serious challenges for companies that want to develop innovative approaches to managing collaborative quality.

Schillmeier, M, Clegg, S, Shenar, G, Wilson-Kovacs, D, Ansari, S, Giles, P, Bagnall, G & Sykes, K 1999, 'Book Reviews: Democracy without Enemies, Max Weber and Michel Foucault: Parallel Life Works, after Writing Culture, the Politics of Duplicity: Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu's Romania, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin, Contemporary Cinema, the Politics of Display, Museums, Science, Culture, Transcendent Individual: Towards a Literary and Liberal Anthropology', The Sociological Review, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 172-196.
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Shirley, D, Lee, M & Ellis, E 1999, 'The Relationship Between Submaximal Activity of the Lumbar Extensor Muscles and Lumbar Posteroanterior Stiffnesss', Physical Therapy, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 278-285.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Some patients with low back pain are thought to have increased lumbar posteroanterior (PA) stiffness. Increased activity of the lumbar extensors could contribute to this stiffness. This activity may be seen when a PA force is applied and is thought to represent much less force than occurs with a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Although MVCs of the lumbar extensors are known to increase lumbar PA stiffness, the effect of small amounts of voluntary contraction is not known. In this study, the effect of varying amounts of voluntary isometric muscle activity of the lumbar extensors on lumbar PA stiffness was examined. Subjects. Twenty subjects without low back pain, aged 26 to 45 years (X̄=34, SD=5.6), participated in the study. Methods. Subjects were asked to perform an isometric MVC of their lumbar extensor muscles with their pelvis fixed by exerting a force against a steel plate located over their T4 spinous process. They were then asked to perform contractions generating force equivalent to 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% of that obtained with an MVC. Posteroanterior stiffness at L4 was measured during these contractions. Results. A Friedman one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures demonstrated a difference in PA stiffness among all levels of muscle activity. Conclusion and Discussion. Voluntary contraction of the lumbar extensor muscles will result in an increase in lumbar PA stiffness even at low levels of activity.

Slonim, R & Garbarino, E 1999, 'The Effect of Price History on Demand as Mediated by Perceived Price Expensiveness', Journal of Business Research, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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Slonim, RL 1999, 'Learning rules of thumb or learning more rational rules', Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 217-236.
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Small, J 1999, 'Memory-work: a method for researching women’s tourist experiences', Tourism Management, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 25-35.
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The lack of innovation in tourism research methods and the failure of many studies to relate theory to method has been commented upon in the tourism literature. The present paper reviews the method, memory-work, and its appropriateness for the study of women's and girls' tourist experiences. Memory-work is considered innovative and a method aligned with a feminist social constructionist paradigm. The key features of memory-work are: memories are the raw datal the subject and object of the research become one; the researcher and researched are "co-researchers"; there is a collective interpretation and theorisation of the memories; and the collective approach allows for the possibility of liberation. In the present study, adaptations to the method were required due to the selected research design and the fact that the study was doctoral research. With such amendments, the method was found to be well suited for a study which sought to uncover the many levels of themes in women's and girls' tourist experiences. Memory-work is recommended to others with a feminist social constructionist approach who are interested in the study of women and tourism. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Walker, S & Partington, G 1999, 'The value of dividends: Evidence from cum‐dividend trading in the ex‐dividend period', Accounting & Finance, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 275-296.
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What is the market value of a dollar of fully franked dividends? We address this question by exploiting a new phenomenon in the Australian capital market—the trading of shares cum‐dividend during the ex‐dividend period. This allows a relatively clean measurement of the combined value of dividends and the associated tax effects net of transactions costs. Consistent with the theoretical model that we develop, the evidence from this sample is that one dollar of fully franked dividends, after tax effects and transaction costs, is worth significantly more than one dollar. We also show that, in contrast to our measure, the traditional measure of the ex‐dividend price drop‐off, based on close to close prices, has a lower average value and exhibits substantially more cross sectional variation.

Waller, DS & Polonsky, MJ 1999, 'Student Attitudes Towards Political Advertising and Issues', Journal of International Consumer Marketing, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 79-98.
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A number of cross-cultural studies have analysed student attitudes towards advertising in general in order to control sources of variation and to isolate any cultural differences. Rather than use students as a proxy for the wider population this study focuses on an examination of the attitudes of students towards one type of advertising, political advertising in two countries with different political systems (Australia and the US). It found that respondents in both countries held similar attitudes towards political advertising and political issues. © 1999, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

Wang, J 1999, 'Asymmetric information and the bid-ask spread: an empirical comparison between automated order execution and open outcry auction', Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 115-128.
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WEARING, S & DARCY, S 1999, 'Ecotourism options in coastal protected area management: A case study of North Head Quarantine Station, Australia', The Environmentalist, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 239-249.
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The challenges faced by coastal protected areas in both promoting highly attractive sites and preserving the natural attributes of these sites have been given a new dimension with the opportunities presented by ecotourism. Realising the market potential of a protected area and, at the same time, conserving the unique features of an area is a difficult task. This paper explores the possibilities that backpacker tourism may offer the Quarantine Station in Sydney Harbour National Park, in Australia. The Quarantine Station is a significant cultural heritage site that is located in a sensitive coastal national park within Sydney's metropolitan area.

Wearing, S & Gartrell, N 1999, 'EXPLORING ECOTOURISM AND COMMUNITY BASED RESEARCH APPLICATIONS FOR JOINT MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS', World Leisure & Recreation, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 25-32.
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The increasing focus on natural resource-based tourism within Australia is posing problems for national parks management agencies and Aboriginal communities involved in tourism. Pressure from tourism is having significant effects on the local Aboriginal community. In an attempt to deal with these issues joint management approaches to management of national parks have been evolving. However, evaluative research frameworks need to be developed that facilitate a cross-cultural flow of information, which promote the development of the cross-cultural understanding, and which maximise possibilities for Aborigines. This paper suggests the principles of ecotourism can be incorporated in developing ways of researching that will enable us to study how facilitation of community ownership and control of tourism can help the joint management of Australian national parks for tourist use. The application of these principles has the potential to develop research approaches that may encourage current management to develop frameworks in an essential first step toward managing tourism equitably in national parks.

Hingorani, A 1970, 'The effect of ad variation and brand familiarity on brand name and claim recall: A theoretical perspective', Marketing in the Third Millennium: Proceedings of ANZMAC99, Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, UNSW, School of Marketing, Sydney, Australia, pp. on CD-ROM.

Partington, G & Walker, S 1970, 'Optus: A market valuation pre-listing', Accounting Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.

Partington, G & Walker, S 1970, 'The 45-day rule: The pricing of dividends and the crackdown on trading in imputation credits', Accounting Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.

Wearing, S & Wearing, M 1970, 'Decommodifying ecotourism: Rethinking global-local interactions with host communities', LOISIR & SOCIETE-SOCIETY AND LEISURE, 14th World Congress of Sociology, PRESSES UNIV QUEBEC, MONTREAL, CANADA, pp. 39-70.
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Wieder, B 1970, 'ERP-software integration at Australian universities - Recent developments in integrated business education', 10th Annual Conference of the Computers in Teaching Initiative (CTI), Centre for Accounting Finance and Management, Brighton, UK.

Wieder, B 1970, 'Mangement of information systems - Recent developments and issues in ERP-software integration and integrated business education at universities, IV', CEMS Academic Conference 'Management in the Economic & Monetary Union (EMU)', Barcelona, Spain.

Wieder, B 1970, 'Revenue accounting in a united, but heterogeneous market - An integrated marketing-accounting approach, IV', CEMS Academic Conference 'Mangement in the Economic & Monetary Union (EMU)', Barcelona, Spain.

Bridges, J, Haas, M & Mazevska, D CHERE 1999, A qualitative insight into rural casemix education, CHERE Project Report No 10, Sydney.
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NSW, while often regarded as the non- Casemix state, has been using Casemix information to assist planning and funding of hospitals. However, the use of this tool and the necessary education and knowledge about Casemix has not been evenly spread throughout the state, with health service staff in metropolitan areas relatively more familiar with its use then their colleagues in rural NSW. In 1998, both NSW Health and the NSW Casemix Clinical Committee (NCCC) proposed that an effort be made to increase the knowledge and participation of rural clinical and health service staff in Casemix activities. This research was proposed as a means of establishing the current situation regarding Casemix, knowledge in rural areas, providing advice regarding the best methods of implementing Casemix education for rural staff and, if possible, evaluating the success of the education. Casemix is a broad term referring to the tools and information system used to assist in such activities as planning, benchmarking, managing and funding health care services. Casemix is underpinned by classification systems that allow meaningful comparisons of workload or throughput between facilities. In this study, qualitative research methods were used to examine the issues faced by rural health service staff in gaining knowledge of and using Casemix. This information was supplemented by a survey, which assessed the level of knowledge and understanding of Casemix in two rural areas.

Haas, M, Shanahan, M, Viney, R & Cameron, I Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing 1999, Consultancy to progress hospital in the home care provision: Final report, CHERE Project Report No 13, Canberra.
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In July 1998, the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services commissioned the Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation (CHERE) to identify and document Hospital in the Home (HITH) care models nationally and internationally. The purpose of this consultancy was to examine the appropriateness of this form of care for acutely ill patients and to make recommendations about how to increase the utilisation and cost effectiveness of services. Hospital in the Home is emerging internationally and within Australia as a viable alternative form of provision of acute care. The benefits of HITH have generally been seen in terms of its capacity to provide a cost-effective and acceptable alternative to hospital inpatient care, which reduces pressure on hospital beds. However, so far there has only been limited evaluation to lend support to these claims. Over the past decade a wide range of hospital in the home programs have been introduced across the Australian health care system. These programs have often emerged in response to local factors and have a range of different purposes, funding and organisational arrangements, and varying levels of success. In some states hospital in the home has been formalised into a program, whereas in other parts of Australia the introduction of HITH has been left to local decision makers. Thus, the experience of HITH has been extremely variable. It is appropriate at this stage to draw together information about what services are available, how acceptable these services are and what they have achieved. This information is important for determining the future directions of HITH in Australia, as well as providing a valuable resource for service providers and policy makers.

Haas, MR, Chapman, S, Viney, RC, Hall, JP & Ferguson, AC CHERE 1999, The news on health economics: a study of resource allocation in health in the Australian print media for 1996, CHERE Discussion Paper No 40, Sydney.

Collins, J 1999, 'GHASSAN HAGE WHITE NATION: FANTASIES OF WHITE SUPREMACY IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY, PLUTO PRESS, SYDNEY, 1999', Wiley, pp. 387-394.
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Dowling, RK 1999, 'New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference'.
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Bennett (2004, p. 112-113) suggested people in the developed world “lead urban lives, dedicated to the avoidance of risk” and therefore travel in order to challenge themselves. He referred to travelling as “a sort of bungee-jump. It has the tang of adventure… but is safer than crossing the road”. In this paper we expanded this metaphor of the bungee-jumper and applied it to volunteer tourists (VTs). Commercial volunteer tourism is personally challenging and requires a leap of faith into the unknown. However, like bungee-jumping, there is also a safety net. For the VTs in this case study, it was the structure and security provided by volunteer organisation.