Bish, A, Sutton, S, Jacobs, C, Levene, S, Ramirez, A & Hodgson, S 2002, 'Changes in psychological distress after cancer genetic counselling: a comparison of affected and unaffected women', BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 43-50.
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Bish, A, Sutton, S, Jacobs, C, Levene, S, Ramirez, A & Hodgson, S 2002, 'Changes in psychological distress after cancer genetic counselling: a comparison of affected and unaffected women', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 43-50.
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This study sought to examine changes in psychological distress following cancer genetic counselling. Women attending a family cancer clinic completed questionnaires before their appointment and at 2 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after their appointment. Twenty-six women were at low risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer, 76 were at moderate risk, 46 were at high risk and 46 women had previously had breast or ovarian cancer. All groups were compared with regard to measures of anxiety, depression, general psychological distress, worry about developing breast and ovarian cancer, and perceived risk of developing breast/ovarian cancer and perceived likelihood of carrying a genetic mutation. General psychological distress did not change over the course of the study and the groups did not differ on these measures. Worry about developing breast cancer and perceptions of the likelihood of carrying a genetic mutation significantly reduced following genetic counselling. On the whole women who had already had breast/ovarian cancer showed more concerns about ovarian cancer and raised perceptions of risk in comparison with the other groups, indicating the need for sensitive counselling of such women. © 2002 The Cancer Research Campaign.
Bish, A, Sutton, S, Jacobs, C, Levene, S, Ramirez, A & Hodgson, S 2002, 'No news is (not necessarily) good news: Impact of preliminary results for BRCA1 mutation searches', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 353-358.
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Blanker, MH & Verhagen, AP 2002, 'Lipid-lowering drugs and erectile dysfunction', Family Practice, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 567-567.
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Bushell, T, Clarke, C, Mathie, A & Robertson, B 2002, 'Pharmacological characterization of a non‐inactivating outward current observed in mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurones', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 135, no. 3, pp. 705-712.
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Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings were used to investigate the properties of a non‐inactivating outward current observed in mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurones at a holding potential of −20 mV.Increasing the external potassium (K+) concentration from 3 mM to 20 mM produced a rightward shift in the observed reversal potential of ∼30 mV or ∼40 mV for a K+‐or a caesium (Cs+)‐based intracellular solution respectively, indicating the outward current was a K+ current.The outward current was partially inhibited by the K+ channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (TEA; IC50=0.15 mM). Subsequently, the background or TEA‐insensitive current was measured in the presence of 1 mM TEA.The background current was reversibly inhibited by barium (Ba2+; 300 μM, 50%) and potentiated by the application of arachidonic acid (AA; 1 mM, 62%).The volatile anaesthetic, halothane (1 mM), and the neuroprotectant, riluzole (500 μM), both reversibly inhibited the background current by 54% and 36% respectively.The background current was insensitive to changes in both intracellular and extracellular acidification.The GABAB and μ‐opioid receptor agonists, baclofen and [D‐Ala2, N‐MePhe4‐Gly‐ol5] enkephalin (DAMGO) both reversibly potentiated the ou...
Childs, L & Kneebone, II 2002, 'Falls, fear of falling and psychological management', British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 225-231.
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Many people fall and/or have a fear of falling. This paper outlines clinical approaches to working with adults, particularly older people, in this category. It proposes a modified model for intervention for falls and fear of falling, and provides guidelines for how to intervene in falls prevention groups in which some participants may not have a fear of falling.
Crevits, L 2002, 'Effect of alcohol on saccades', Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 450-450.
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Dadds, MR, Turner, CM & McAloon, J 2002, 'Developmental Links between Cruelty to Animals and Human Violence', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 363-382.
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Reviews evidence for the significance of childhood cruelty to animals as a predictor of later violence toward humans. Moves are underway in the United States (US) and Britain to encourage communication and cross-fertilisation between animal welfare and child protection and crime prevention services. Literature on healthy versus deviant child-pet interactions is reviewed, with particular regard to the prediction of later violence. Assessment and definitional issues are addressed. The discussion culminates with a summary of substantive findings and the identification of several research designs that are needed to clarify the potential of early identification and remediation of child cruelty to animals as a mental health promotion and violence prevention strategy.
Evans, AW, Leeson, RMA & Newton-John, TRO 2002, 'The influence of self-deception and impression management on surgeons' self-assessment scores', MEDICAL EDUCATION, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1095-1095.
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Gilroy, LJ, Kirkby, KC, Daniels, BA, Menzies, RG & Montgomery, IM 2002, 'Danger Expectancies, Self-efficacy and Subjective Anxiety as Mediators of Avoidance Behaviour in Spider Phobia', Behaviour Change, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 129-137.
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AbstractForty-five participants diagnosed with specific phobia (spiders) gave ratings of subjective anxiety, self-efficacy and the probability of being bitten or injured by a spider while completing a behavioural avoidance test involving exposure to a live spider. Testing was performed before and after treatment and at a 3-month follow-up. Results indicated that subjective anxiety was a more useful predictor of avoidance behaviour than self-efficacy. Danger expectancies in relation to being bitten and/or injured by a spider were not found to be a significant cognitive symptom in the majority of spider phobia sufferers during the behavioural avoidance test with a live spider. Methodological factors that may account for the low reporting of danger-related cognitions in the present study are discussed.
Harris, V, Onslow, M, Packman, A, Harrison, E & Menzies, R 2002, 'An experimental investigation of the impact of the Lidcombe Program on early stuttering', Journal of Fluency Disorders, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 203-214.
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Jones, M, Gebski, V, Onslow, M & Packman, A 2002, 'Statistical Power in Stuttering Research', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 243-255.
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The capacity to make reliable inductive statements about populations is critical for the advancement of scientific knowledge. An important contribution to that advancement of knowledge is determining that effects are either present or not present in populations. Statistical power is an important methodological qualifica-tion for any research that presents statistical results, and particularly so for research that presents null results. In this paper we describe the statistical concept of power, outline parameters of research that influence it, and demonstrate how it is calculated. With reference to selected published research, attention is drawn to the problems associated with a body of underpowered research, one being that population effects may go undetected. One way to prevent this problem is to calculate power a priori in planning research and include confidence intervals when presenting the results of research. However, it is difficult, if not impossible in many cases, to obtain high participant numbers for communication disorders of low prevalence such as stuttering. With this in mind, the paper concludes with an attempt to open discussion about ways to redress the problems associated with statistical power.
Jones, M, Gebski, V, Onslow, M & Packman, A 2002, 'Statistical Power in Stuttering Research', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 493-493.
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In the April 2002 issue, in the Jones et al. article, an incorrect journal title appeared in the References list for the Hoenig & Heisey entry on p. 254. The correct version of the entry appears below. Hoenig, J. M., & Heisey, D. M. (2001). The abuse of power: The persuasive fallacy of power calculations for data analysis. The American Statistician, 55 (1), 10–24.
Jones, MK, Menzies, RG, Walter, G, O'Brien, M, Denshire, E & Crain, LM 2002, 'Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy: a new treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.', The Canadian Child Psychiatry Review, vol. 11, pp. 22-28.
Kwan, O & Friel, J 2002, 'Letters to the Editor', Spine, vol. 27, no. 18, pp. 2082-2083.
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Lievense, AM 2002, 'Influence of obesity on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review', Rheumatology, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1155-1162.
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Lievense, AM, Bierma‐Zeinstra, SMA, Verhagen, AP, Verhaar, JAN & Koes, BW 2002, 'Prognostic factors of progress of hip osteoarthritis: A systematic review', Arthritis Care & Research, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 556-562.
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Mathie, A & Clarke, CE 2002, 'Background potassium channels move into focus', The Journal of Physiology, vol. 542, no. 2, pp. 334-334.
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Newton-John, TRO 2002, 'Solicitousness and chronic pain: a critical review', PAIN REVIEWS, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 7-27.
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Onslow, M & Packman, A 2002, 'Stuttering and lexical retrieval: inconsistencies between theory and data', Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 295-298.
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Onslow, M, Harrison, E, Jones, M & Packman, A 2002, 'Beyond-clinic speech measures during the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention', ACQuiring Knowledge in Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 82-85.
Onslow, M, Stocker, S, Packman, A & McLeod, S 2002, 'Speech timing in children after the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention', Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 21-33.
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It is known that operant treatments can control stuttering in children. However, at present it is unknown why such treatments are effective. Changes in the usual way of speaking are frequently observed after behavioural treatments for adults who stutter, and it is possible that operant treatments for children also invoke such changes. To explore this idea, selected acoustic measures of speech timing were made in eight preschool children before and after receiving the Lidcombe Program, which is an operant treatment for stuttering. No systematic changes were detected after treatment. Considering this finding and a previous report, there is no evidence to suggest that the reductions in stuttering that occur with this treatment are related to systematic changes in speech timing or curtailment of language function.
Overton, SM & Menzies, RG 2002, 'A Comparison of Checking-related Beliefs in Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Normal Controls', Behaviour Change, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 67-74.
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AbstractThe potential roles of perceived danger, responsibility, thought-action fusion, confidence in memory, intolerance of uncertainty and need to control one's thoughts in mediating compulsive checking were examined. Belief ratings were obtained from 21 individuals with compulsive checking concerns and 21 nonclinical controls about the most prominent checking concern of each individual with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), with controls being yoked to individuals with OCD on the basis of gender and age. If control participants and individuals with OCD have some similar beliefs regarding, for example, locking their front door, then it follows that those beliefs are unlikely to be mediating or driving the disorder. Large and significant differences were found between sufferers of OCD and nonclinical controls on ratings of beliefs concerning the probability and severity of harm, intolerance of uncertainty and the need to control thoughts. However, no differences were found between individuals with OCD checking concerns and nonclinical controls in ratings of beliefs concerning perceived personal responsibility, thought-action fusion (TAF) and confidence in memory. The findings concerning personal responsibility are of particular interest and suggest that perceptions of harm or a negative outcome may be a necessary precursor to perceptions of responsibility and the decision to act.
Packman, A & Onslow, M 2002, 'Searching for the cause of stuttering', The Lancet, vol. 360, no. 9334, pp. 655-656.
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Pont, LG, van der Molen, T, van der Werf, GT & Haaijer-Ruskamp, FM 2002, 'Guideline adherence for the treatment of asthma in general practice is associated with a higher quality of life', Primary Care Respiratory Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 70-70.
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Pont, LG, van der Werf, GT, Denig, P & Haaijer-Ruskamp, F 2002, 'Identifying general practice patients diagnosed with asthma and their exacerbation episodes from prescribing data', European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 819-825.
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Poulton, R & Menzies, RG 2002, 'Fears born and bred: toward a more inclusive theory of fear acquisition', Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 197-208.
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Alleged differences between associative and non-associative perspectives are sometimes more apparent than real. The non-associative model describes a pathway to fear that is complementary to associative pathways. It does not seek to usurp conditioning models as applied to evolutionary-neutral fear. We discuss vexing definitional issues surrounding what qualifies as a conditioning event and what characterises the non-associative pathway. Genetic findings are shown to be consistent with the non-associative model of fear. Following discussion of the relation between stress-diathesis models and the non-associative position we conclude by urging a developmental, life-course approach to the understanding of fear acquisition. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Poulton, R & Menzies, RG 2002, 'Non-associative fear acquisition: a review of the evidence from retrospective and longitudinal research', Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 127-149.
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It is axiomatic that the capacity to experience fear is adaptive, enabling rapid and energetic response to imminent threat or danger. Despite the generally accepted utility of functional fear, the nature of maladaptive fear remains controversial. There is still no consensus about how specific fears and phobias are acquired and modulated. Two major schools of thought are apparent: those suggesting dysfunctional fear arises largely as the result of associative-conditioning processes versus those who favour more biologically based etiological explanations. In this regard, the non-associative model of fear acquisition postulates the existence of a limited number of innate, evolutionary-relevant fears, while emphasising conditioning modes of onset for evolutionary-neutral fears. Recent retrospective and longitudinal studies have tested predictions from the non-associative model. In general, findings support non-associative hypotheses and are difficult to reconcile with neo-conditioning explanations of fear acquisition. These data suggest that four pathways to fear may provide the most parsimonious theory of fear etiology. The theoretical and practical implications of adding a fourth, non-associative path to Rachman's (Behav. Res. Ther. (1977) 15, 375-387) three 'associative' pathways are discussed. Unresolved issues requiring further investigation are considered. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rousseau, I, Packman, A, Onslow, M, Dredge, R & Harrison, E 2002, 'Australian speech pathologists' use of the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention', ACQuiring Knowledge in Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 67-71.
Scholten-Peeters, GGM, Bekkering, GE, Verhagen, AP, van der Windt, DAWM, Lanser, K, Hendriks, EJM & Oostendorp, RAB 2002, 'Clinical Practice Guideline for the Physiotherapy of Patients With Whiplash-Associated Disorders', Spine, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 412-422.
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Sercombe, JK, Liu-Brennan, D & Tovey, ER 2002, 'The vertical distribution of Der p 1 allergen in carpets and the effect of vacuum cleaning', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. S110-S110.
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Vassallo, S & Abel, LA 2002, 'Effect of alcohol on saccades: reply', Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 450-451.
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Verhagen, AP, de Vet, HCW, Vermeer, F, Widdershoven, JWMG, de Bie, RA, Kessels, AGH, Boers, M & van den Brandt, PA 2002, 'The influence of methodologic quality on the conclusion of a landmark meta-analysis on thrombolytic therapy.', Int J Technol Assess Health Care, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 11-23.
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OBJECTIVE: We studied the influence of the methodologic quality of individual trials on the outcome of a landmark meta-analysis on thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. From each study we extracted the number of patients in both groups who died in hospital or during follow-up. Methodologic quality was assessed using the Delphi list. We first recalculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), on the studies found and compared them with the original results of Yusuf et al. Next we incorporated the results of quality assessment in five different ways in the calculation of the pooled ORs: a) component analysis; b) visual plot; c) quality score as a threshold score; d) quality score as a weighting factor; and e) cumulative pooling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No correlation between quality scores and ORs was found. Studies with a proper description of the different quality components provided an estimate close to the true treatment effect. No major differences were found between the results of the five different methods of incorporating the quality scores into the final conclusion.
Verhagen, Peeters, de Bie & Oostendorp 2002, 'Konservative Behandlung bei Schleudertrauma', Praxis, vol. 91, no. 45, pp. 1937-1937.
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Wilson, L, Lincoln, M & Onslow, M 2002, 'Availability, access, and quality of care: Inequities in rural speech pathology services for children and a model for redress', Advances in Speech Language Pathology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 9-22.
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Equity, with its target of social justice and a fair distribution of health, is an accepted overarching principle in health care. Yet the literature has identified inequities between rural and metropolitan areas. It is not clear to what extent this literature pertains to paediatric speech pathology services, and the purpose of this research was to provide clarifying information. Data were obtained through interviews with 12 speech pathologists who provided services to rural paediatric clients. Findings indicated that (a) local, frequent speech pathology services were not universally available, (b) some rural clients faced significant barriers to accessing frequent speech pathology services, and (c) some rural clients may be receiving services of compromised quality. It was concluded that equity is currently questionable for some paediatric speech pathology clients in rural New South Wales. A conceptual approach to redressing these equity problems is presented. © 2002 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
Woods, S, Shearsby, J, Onslow, M & Burnham, D 2002, 'Psychological impact of the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 31-40.
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AbstractThe Lidcombe Program is an operant treatment for stuttering in preschool children for which favourable outcome and social validity data have been published. The treatment involves parental praise for stutter‐free speech in children's everyday speaking environments, and occasional correction of stuttered speech. Theoretical perspectives on the origins of stuttering have prompted suggestions that the Lidcombe Program may have an adverse psychological impact on children. The present preliminary investigation sought to identify any evidence of such a systematic, pernicious trend, which might justify statistically powerful investigations of the issue with large subject numbers. Subjects were eight preschool children who were successfully treated with the Lidcombe Program. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) detected any post‐treatment behavioural markers of changes in children such as anxiety, aggression, withdrawal or depression. The Attachment Q‐Set (AQS) measured any changes in the quality of the attachment relationship between child and mother over the course of treatment. These case studies revealed no evidence of a systematic trend in either. In fact, CBCL data suggested improvements in the children after treatment. It is concluded that there is no reason to doubt that the Lidcombe Program is a safe treatment.
